911:
1308:
989:
879:
933:
419:
376:
22:
891:
1327:
471:
1361:
1386:
517:
1292:
1253:
392:
431:
502:
661:
1200:
1269:
1346:
162:
451:
956:
1225:
1237:
676:
688:
2453:
533:
1385:
751:. Many churches of mainstream Christian denominations, including the Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist, Anglican, Moravian and Reformed traditions, distribute palm branches to their congregations during their Palm Sunday services. Christians take these palms, which are often blessed by clergy, to their homes where they hang them alongside
1307:
801:
calls the palm (In Joan, XXXI) the symbol of victory in that war waged by the spirit against the flesh. In this sense it was especially applicable to martyrs, the victors par excellence over the spiritual foes of mankind; hence the frequent occurrence in the
910:
890:
1199:
1326:
418:
375:
825:(Fish), or the Good Shepherd). On some later monuments the palm was represented merely as an ornament separating two scenes. Palms also represented heaven, evidenced by ancient art often depicting Jesus in heaven among palms.
470:
391:
932:
1291:
814:
and others to be untenable; further investigation showed that the palm was represented not only on tombs of the post-persecution era, but even on tombs of those who did not practice
Christianity.
1392:
1360:
610:
and its fecundity to both Romans and Jews. Roman sources praise the date as the produce of the province. The date palm was a frequent image for Judaea on
Imperial coinage, most notably on the
350:
to mark his laying down of arms and the cessation of war. The use of the palm in this setting indicates how the original meaning of "victory" shaded into "peace" as the aftermath of victory.
810:
that the palm when found depicted on catacomb tombs was to be regarded as a proof that a martyr had been interred there. Subsequently, this opinion was acknowledged by
Mabillon, Muratori,
299:
was a visual pun on the defeated
Phoenician fleet. From 400 BC onward, a palm branch was awarded to the victor in athletic contests, and the practice was brought to Rome around 293 BC.
450:
1003:
The palm is richly significant in
Islamic culture, and the palm symbolizes rest and hospitality in many cultures of the Middle East. The presence of palm trees around an
878:
516:
1986:
357:, the first Christian emperor, and his successors continue to display the traditional iconography of Victory, but often combined with Christian symbolism such as
1399:
flanked by allegories of Peace holding a palm branch and Fame blowing a trumpet, marble relief (1959–60) by G. Gianetti, based on the 1827 sandstone original by
2099:
1345:
1400:
402:
2047:
955:
817:
The general significance of the palm on early
Christian monuments is slightly modified according to its association with other symbols (e.g., with the
501:
430:
1320:: the "strangely grave and chastely immodest" Victory holds a palm branch and tramples a figure variously identified as Deceit, Intrigue or Rebellion
795:, representing the victory of spirit over flesh, and it was widely believed that a picture of a palm on a tomb meant that a martyr was buried there.
988:
2353:
223:
was often shown holding a palm stem in one or both hands. The palm was carried in
Egyptian funeral processions to represent eternal life. The
1120:, is a symbol of a tropical island paradise. Palms appear on the flags and seals of several places where they are native, including those of
2166:
Bürgel, Johann
Christoph (2010). "Islam Reflected in the Contemporary Literature of Muslim Peoples". In Werner Ende; Udo Steinbach (eds.).
1990:
1419:
191:
connecting heaven, represented by the crown of the tree, and earth, the base of the trunk. Reliefs from the 9th century BC show winged
1252:
2483:
215:, who had a part in the sacred marriage ritual, was believed to make the dates abundant. Palm stems represented long life to the
138:
Since a victory signals an end to a conflict or competition, the palm developed into a symbol of peace, a meaning it can have in
1471:
127:
says of the citizens, "they took palm branches and went out to meet Him" (12:13 HCSB). Additionally, the palm has meaning in
897:
2305:
1268:
1109:, "Let him bear the palm who has deserved it". The motto has been adopted by numerous other organizations, including the
369:
under
Christian domination, is pictured on an ivory diptych bearing a palm branch in an allegorical triumph over death.
346:
only by those who had a previous triumph. The toga itself was the garment of the civilian at peace, and was worn by the
2150:
2082:
1879:
1854:
1793:
1753:
1589:
1535:
1510:
1452:
1236:
1039:
is said to have built his home out of palm, to have leaned against a palm while speaking, and to have raised the first
691:
637:
603:
notes that the binding of the Four
Species symbolizes the desire to unite the four "types" of Jews in service of God.
2175:
2111:
2057:
1433:
1110:
1086:
1156:
21:
1209:
1566:
2488:
732:
116:
2141:
2414:
1243:
2457:
1337:
1298:
864:
711:
314:
would decorate his front door with palm leaves. The palm branch or tree became a regular attribute of the
848:
424:
Monkey next to a palm, symbolizing the sun god's daily rising, on an Egyptian amuletic bead (ca. 1300 BC)
2139:
Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2001). "Sûrah XIX: 23, 25, 26, as cited by Chase, "The Date Palm"; entry on "Mary".
2478:
362:
85:
29:
2498:
1333:
1224:
65:
856:
806:
of such expressions as "he received the palm of martyrdom." On 10 April 1688 it was decided by the
366:
2287:
1744:
Rosenberger, Veit (2007). "Republican Nobiles: Controlling the Res Publica". In Jörg Rüpke (ed.).
763:) or keep them in their Bibles or devotionals. In the period preceding next year's Lent, known as
739:
used the palm branch to symbolize the victory of the faithful over enemies of the soul, as in the
385:
seal impression, 5th century BC. The iconography of palm was commonly used by ancient Babylonians.
607:
292:
184:
1637:
302:
The palm became so closely associated with victory in ancient Roman culture that the Latin word
2473:
1918:
1785:
537:
253:
2241:
1055:
807:
61:
1777:
145:
The palm appears on several flags or seals representing countries or other places, with the
2493:
660:
611:
315:
195:
holding palm fronds in the presence of the Sacred Tree. It is associated with the goddess
97:
2430:
8:
1870:
Rose, Deborah Bird (2011). "On the Spot: In the Red Center". In SueEllen Campbell (ed.).
1351:
803:
323:
128:
49:
965:
2388:
2347:
2334:
2329:
Porträtmedaillen des Erzhauses Österreich von Kaiser Friedrich III. bis Kaiser Franz II
1944:
1940:
1032:
488:
310:
for "victory", and was a sign of any kind of victory. A lawyer who won his case in the
132:
1632:
595:
symbolises the victory of the Jewish people when they came before God in judgement on
161:
44:, is a symbol of victory, triumph, peace, and eternal life originating in the ancient
2392:
2171:
2146:
2107:
2078:
2053:
1875:
1850:
1845:
Fine, Steven (2005). "Between Rome and Jerusalem: The Date Palm as 'Jewish Symbol'".
1789:
1778:
1749:
1610:
1585:
1531:
1506:
1467:
1448:
1429:
1396:
852:
788:
648:
in Israel. In 2005, some of the seeds were planted. One grew and has been nicknamed "
236:
2380:
2216:
2191:
1896:
1375:
1028:
938:
923:
327:
1259:
630:
1628:
1317:
1167:
961:
917:
860:
756:
641:
580:
295:(469/466 BC). In addition to representing the victorious League, the bronze palm
241:
55:
2168:
Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society
1748:. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 292–303.
1081:. The palm also appears on several coins from Islamic states, for example the 1
1832:
1820:
1149:
1090:
1082:
1066:
996:
772:
268:
224:
165:
124:
93:
96:, and a palm frond or the tree itself is one of the most common attributes of
2467:
1967:
1663:
1658:
946:
776:
752:
675:
626:
596:
354:
343:
319:
280:
235:, a tender palm frond, to sacralize and restrain. Some argue the palm in the
216:
169:
1212:: the palm fronds are intended to represent peace and prosperity, below the
1695:
Ancient Greece: From the Archaic Period to the Death of Alexander the Great
1404:
1205:
1117:
942:
811:
724:
687:
564:
508:
457:
326:, a palm tree was supposed to have sprung up miraculously at the Temple of
146:
108:
101:
2384:
2262:
1847:
Art And Judaism in the Greco-Roman World: Toward A New Jewish Archaeology
1582:
Saints and Their Symbols: Recognizing Saints in Art and in Popular Images
1367:
1102:
978:
829:
740:
728:
484:
437:
358:
311:
228:
204:
200:
120:
2127:
2049:
The Signs and Symbols Bible: The Definitive Guide to Mysterious Markings
1275:
1614:
1301:(early 1620s), with armed Victory holding a palm and embracing Prudence
764:
736:
703:
649:
382:
188:
131:, representing victory, i.e. the victory of the spirit over the flesh (
896:
Procession of virgin martyrs bearing wreaths, with palms behind them (
77:
2367:
Atkins, Stuart (2002). "Renaissance and Baroque Elements in Goethe's
1145:
1078:
1059:
837:
748:
707:
699:
622:
556:
249:
220:
208:
81:
45:
1584:. Translated by Matthew J. O'Connell. Liturgical Press. p. 25.
1569:. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
1129:
1036:
1016:
845:
841:
818:
760:
618:
541:
476:
461:
261:
211:
may have represented fertility in humans. The Mesopotamian goddess
173:
1050:
climbed palm trees to call the faithful to prayer, from which the
1214:
1160:
1137:
1051:
1047:
901:
833:
822:
768:
668:
664:
600:
588:
552:
492:
480:
441:
331:
307:
177:
172:, the first Christian emperor, with Victory holding a palm and a
150:
69:
1607:
Religious Plurality in Africa: Essays in Honour of John S. Mbiti
2452:
2075:
Bearing the Word: Prophecy in Biblical and Qur'ānic Perspective
1872:
The Face of the Earth: Natural Landscapes, Science, and Culture
1371:
1141:
1040:
1022:
969:
798:
792:
645:
621:
is replaced by the palm. The palm appears also on at least one
584:
576:
572:
568:
545:
398:
288:
272:
212:
196:
89:
32:(1825–1905), portrait of an unidentified woman in ancient dress
1713:
1530:. Academic Press Fribourg Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht Göttingen.
532:
522:
Symmachus bearing the palm of triumph over death (4th century)
1188:
used to indicate euphoria, satisfaction or strong happiness.
1185:
1125:
1121:
1012:
1008:
1004:
744:
680:
592:
560:
284:
276:
139:
112:
73:
1478:
1445:
The Garden and the Fire: Heaven and Hell in Islamic Culture
1133:
840:
would bring back palms for deposit at their home churches.
695:
339:
2026:
2024:
2009:
999:
illustrator Muhammad ibn Muhammad Shakir Ruzmah-'i Nathani
771:
to collect these palms, which are then ritually burned on
1897:"Ideas for Displaying Palm Sunday Palms Around Your Home"
1725:
342:
ornamented with a palm motif; it was worn to celebrate a
2401:
as "prudence" rather than the more usual "care, concern"
1077:, particularly of the Muslim saint who gave his name to
2337:. The motto in Latin is from Catullus 62.16, and reads
2021:
1780:
Divine Qualities: Cult and Community in Republican Rome
844:
would carry or wear an image of one, seen today in the
1528:
The Assyrian Sacred Tree: A History of Interpretations
1336:, with the figure on the right holding a palm, on the
92:. A palm branch was awarded to victorious athletes in
1701:
1354:(reverse), with palm tree in background, created 1851
638:
Judean date palm seeds dated at around 2000 years old
401:, next to a palm that represents his birth on Delos (
1802:
1997:
870:
775:to make the ashes to be used on the following day,
606:During the Roman Empire, the date palm represented
1547:
1426:Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1989: Staples
1283:
1031:will stand on a palm tree issuing from one of the
275:, who had been born under a palm on the island of
16:Symbol of victory, triumph, peace and eternal life
2145:(2 ed.). Stacey International. p. 297.
2052:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 289.
507:Victorious charioteer holding a palm branch on a
187:, the palm is one of the trees identified as the
2465:
2412:
1849:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 140–145.
1697:. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 89.
291:as part of a victory monument commemorating the
1874:. University of California Press. p. 209.
702:as his personal symbol in commemoration of his
245:serves as a reference to the Babylonian faith.
2170:. Cornell University Press. pp. 800–829.
334:, later known as Caesarea, in Asia Minor. The
142:, where it is often associated with Paradise.
2413:Christiansen, Keith; Mann, Judith W. (2002).
1058:is said to have given birth to Jesus under a
1984:
1604:
1175:
791:were often shown holding a palm frond as an
743:festival celebrating the triumphal entry of
1743:
1627:
1605:Nyang, Sulayman; Olupona, Jacob K. (1995).
1503:Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices
2352:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2041:
2039:
1989:. gatewaytotheclassics.com. Archived from
1579:
1418:Chase, Holly (1990). Harlan Walker (ed.).
625:coin and on coinage issued in 38–39 AD by
567:used in the daily prayers on the feast of
287:erected a bronze statue of a palm tree at
2379:. Goethe Society of North America: 1–26.
1921:. Grace Episcopal Church. 3 February 2018
1682:. Cambridge University Press. p. 27.
1505:. Indiana University Press. p. 124.
767:, churches often place a basket in their
2280:
2209:
2097:
2077:. Church House Publishing. p. 103.
2030:
2015:
1919:"This Sunday at Grace: February 4, 2018"
1888:
1678:Harrison, Evelyn B. (1996). "Pheidias".
1677:
1500:
1442:
1366:Victorious Peace holding a palm branch,
1218:embodying Mesopotamian cultural heritage
987:
920:holding two Arrows and the Martyr's Palm
733:triumphal entry of Christ into Jerusalem
686:
674:
659:
544:, Canada waving the Four Species during
531:
160:
20:
2326:
2184:
2106:. UNESCO Publishing. pp. 549–568.
2072:
2045:
2036:
1965:
1911:
1525:
1466:. Translated by J.J. Zoltowski. Brill.
727:, the palm branches distributed during
679:Palms carried on Palm Sunday, 2011, at
330:, the Greek counterpart of Victory, in
2466:
2366:
2165:
2138:
1959:
1808:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1692:
1621:
1580:Lanzi, Fernando; Lanzi, Gioia (2004).
1559:
1461:
1155:The palm branch symbol is included in
322:secured his rise to sole power with a
279:. The palm thus became an icon of the
2419:. Yale University Press. p. 211.
2306:"Arabic Song Lyrics and Translations"
2003:
1775:
1553:
1417:
640:were recovered during excavations at
271:, the palm tree was a sacred sign of
111:, the palm branch is associated with
1894:
1869:
1844:
1784:. Oxford University Press. p.
1176:
1043:as a roofed place with palm trees.
1027:. In one prophetic tradition, the
884:St. Lawrence, holding Martyr's Palm
629:. Palm ornaments are found also on
397:Apollo holding a laurel branch and
13:
1680:Personal Styles in Greek Sculpture
1609:. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 130.
1428:. Prospect Books. pp. 61–69.
1191:
1180:), which literally translates to "
1007:showed that water was the gift of
867:on Catholic pilgrims to the city.
779:, which is the first day of Lent.
283:. In recognition of the alliance,
14:
2510:
2445:
2102:. In Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (ed.).
1111:University of Southern California
1087:Food and Agriculture Organization
898:Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
464:period (1600 BC — 1155 BC).
260:was thought to be related to the
2451:
2416:Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi
1462:Vioque, Guillermo Galán (2002).
1421:The Date Palm: Pillar of Society
1384:
1359:
1344:
1325:
1306:
1290:
1267:
1251:
1235:
1223:
1198:
1116:Today, the palm, especially the
1073:palm is the symbol of endurance
954:
931:
909:
889:
877:
871:Gallery of Martyrs Bearing Palms
571:. It is bound together with the
515:
500:
469:
449:
429:
417:
390:
374:
252:and appeared on Punic coins. In
2423:
2406:
2360:
2320:
2298:
2255:
2234:
2159:
2132:
2120:
2091:
2066:
1978:
1933:
1863:
1838:
1826:
1814:
1769:
1737:
1686:
1635:[The Babylonian tree].
1464:Martial, Book VII: A Commentary
1411:
1284:Allegories of Victory and Peace
1096:
782:
692:Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg
655:
2484:Symbols of Abrahamic religions
2100:"Art and Aesthetic Creativity"
1671:
1652:
1598:
1573:
1519:
1494:
1093:of the 1970s like the 5 fils.
718:
665:Triumphal entry into Jerusalem
460:. The stone dates back to the
117:Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem
1:
2242:"Viscount Lord Nelson's Arms"
2142:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
2104:Culture and Learning in Islam
1968:"Palm in Christian Symbolism"
1746:A Companion to Roman Religion
1501:Nigosian, Solomon A. (2004).
1487:
1447:. Columbia University Press.
855:decoration. In addition, the
479:holding a palm branch on the
406:
1895:Kirk, Lisa (25 March 2018).
1338:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
1299:Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
1159:: ⸙ (2E19, 'Palm Branch' in
712:Knight of the Holy Sepulchre
156:
68:represented immortality. In
7:
2371:: Illustrative Analogues".
1210:United States Forces – Iraq
849:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
456:Palm branch inscribed over
367:Rome's religious traditions
10:
2515:
2341:, "Victory loves Prudence"
1661:birth is described in the
1015:, the palm appears in the
976:
787:In Western Christian art,
731:services originate in the
527:
30:William-Adolphe Bouguereau
2292:Virtual Palm Encyclopedia
2073:Ipgrave, Michael (2005).
2046:Gauding, Madonna (2009).
1972:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1693:Kuiper, Kathleen (2011).
1526:Giovino, Mariana (2007).
1443:Rustomji, Nerina (2009).
1334:Peace of Pressburg (1805)
1054:developed. In the Quran,
865:Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross
710:in 1468 when he became a
248:The palm was a symbol of
1987:"When Knights Were Bold"
983:
966:Santo Domingo Díaz Ordaz
857:Custody of the Holy Land
365:, who tried to preserve
2331:. Vienna. p. xix.
2098:Bahnassi, Afif (2003).
1722:, p. 61, 206, 411.
1107:Palmam qui meruit ferat
1089:from 1970, and several
851:, which still awards a
293:Battle of the Eurymedon
2397:on the translation of
2327:Domanig, Karl (1896).
1567:"Sex Life of the Date"
1019:imagery of the Garden
1000:
715:
684:
672:
548:
436:Stylized palms on the
180:
62:Mesopotamian religions
33:
2489:Palm trees in culture
2431:"Allegory of Victory"
2385:10.1353/gyr.2011.0014
991:
808:Congregation of Rites
690:
678:
663:
535:
256:, the word for palm,
164:
129:Christian iconography
24:
2460:at Wikimedia Commons
1966:Hassett, M. (1911).
1776:Clark, Anna (2007).
1638:Encyclopædia Iranica
1230:Maltese coat of arms
1182:above the palm trees
926:(early 16th century)
599:. Additionally, the
361:. The Roman senator
324:victory at Pharsalus
199:and is found on the
149:associated with the
2339:Amat Victoria Curam
1993:on 16 October 2004.
1352:Army of India Medal
1314:Allegory of Victory
1101:The Latin motto of
1085:issue honoring the
964:, in the church of
804:Acts of the Martyrs
617:, when the typical
353:Coins issued under
306:could be used as a
98:Victory personified
50:Mediterranean world
2335:Alessandro Abondio
1985:Eva March Tappan.
1947:. 18 February 2020
1945:The Times-Reporter
1734:, p. 205-206.
1033:rivers of Paradise
1001:
859:, courtesy of the
716:
685:
673:
591:explains that the
549:
489:Antimachus I Theos
181:
34:
2479:Religious symbols
2456:Media related to
2018:, p. 43, 67.
1473:978-90-04-12338-0
1401:Antonio Capellano
1397:George Washington
853:Palm of Jerusalem
667:on a mosaic from
403:Comacchio Painter
217:Ancient Egyptians
185:Assyrian religion
2506:
2499:Heraldic charges
2455:
2439:
2438:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2404:
2403:
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2358:
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2231:
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2227:
2213:
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2188:
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2157:
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2124:
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2117:
2095:
2089:
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2064:
2063:
2043:
2034:
2028:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1941:"Shrove Tuesday"
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1899:. Blessed Is She
1892:
1886:
1885:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1842:
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1723:
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1711:
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1699:
1698:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1669:
1666:to Delian Apollo
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1633:"Draxt ī āsūrīg"
1625:
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1602:
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1523:
1517:
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1498:
1483:
1458:
1439:
1388:
1376:Northern Ireland
1363:
1348:
1332:Allegory of the
1329:
1310:
1294:
1274:Coat of arms of
1271:
1258:Coat of arms of
1255:
1246:, Czech Republic
1242:Village flag of
1239:
1227:
1202:
1179:
1178:
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2016:Rustomji 2009
2012:
2006:, p. 64.
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26:The Palm Leaf
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2310:. Retrieved
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2068:
2048:
2011:
1999:
1991:the original
1980:
1971:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1890:
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1664:Homeric Hymn
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1642:. Retrieved
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1412:Bibliography
1405:U.S. Capitol
1313:
1213:
1206:Combat patch
1181:
1171:
1165:
1154:
1118:coconut palm
1115:
1106:
1100:
1097:Modern usage
1074:
1070:
1064:
1045:
1020:
1011:. In the
1002:
992:
943:Christ Child
939:St. Lawrence
916:
827:
816:
812:Benedict XIV
797:
786:
783:Martyrs Palm
755:(especially
725:Christianity
722:
694:(1492). The
656:Christianity
635:
613:Iudaea Capta
612:
605:
565:Four Species
550:
538:Tosher Rebbe
509:Roman mosaic
458:Durand Stone
444:(ca. 575 BC)
381:Palms on an
359:christograms
352:
347:
336:toga palmata
335:
303:
301:
296:
266:
257:
247:
240:
232:
192:
182:
147:coconut palm
144:
137:
109:Christianity
106:
102:ancient Rome
53:
41:
37:
35:
25:
18:
2494:Iconography
2458:Palm fronds
2333:Created by
2272:23 February
1809:Vioque 2002
1732:Vioque 2002
1720:Vioque 2002
1708:Vioque 2002
1368:World War I
1170:, the term
1103:Lord Nelson
1091:Iraqi coins
1017:paradisical
993:A Palm Tree
979:Easter palm
830:Middle Ages
741:Palm Sunday
729:Palm Sunday
719:Palm Sunday
485:tetradrachm
438:Ishtar Gate
348:triumphator
318:, and when
231:) used the
205:Mesopotamia
201:Ishtar Gate
189:Sacred Tree
178:christogram
123:, when the
121:Palm Sunday
76:, a closed
52:. The palm
38:palm branch
2468:Categories
2312:4 November
2004:Chase 1990
1615:B07G4R2J49
1554:Chase 1990
1488:References
1370:memorial,
1278:, Slovakia
1046:The first
977:See also:
941:hands the
765:Shrovetide
761:crucifixes
737:Christians
704:pilgrimage
671:, ca. 1150
650:Methuselah
491:, king of
383:Achaemenid
176:next to a
133:Revelation
42:palm frond
2393:170265105
2348:cite book
1403:, at the
1297:Medal of
1184:", is an
1177:فوق النخل
1146:Australia
1079:Wad Hamid
1060:date palm
842:Crusaders
838:Holy Land
793:attribute
749:Jerusalem
708:Jerusalem
636:In 1965,
623:Hasmonean
557:date palm
363:Symmachus
297:(phoinix)
250:Phoenicia
209:date palm
157:Antiquity
82:date palm
64:, and in
46:Near East
2247:26 March
2217:"5 Fils"
2128:19:16-34
1760:Caesar,
1659:Apollo's
1644:29 April
1542:'passim'
1395:Bust of
1276:Fiľakovo
1262:, France
1244:Drnovice
1130:Paraguay
1037:Muhammad
972:, Mexico
846:Catholic
834:pilgrims
819:monogram
735:. Early
698:chose a
683:, Poland
542:Montreal
477:Poseidon
262:ethnonym
258:phoinix,
237:Parthian
86:festival
2437:. 1635.
2263:"Motto"
2226:3 March
2221:Numista
2201:3 March
2196:Numista
1951:4 April
1925:4 April
1903:4 April
1481:10.47.3
1215:Lamassu
1161:Unicode
1138:Florida
1052:minaret
1048:muezzin
997:Ottoman
949:, 1668)
902:Ravenna
836:to the
828:In the
823:Ichthus
789:martyrs
769:narthex
757:crosses
669:Palermo
601:Midrash
589:Midrash
587:). The
579:), and
553:Judaism
528:Judaism
493:Bactria
481:reverse
462:Kassite
442:Babylon
332:Tralles
308:metonym
166:Solidus
151:tropics
80:of the
70:Judaism
56:Phoenix
2435:Louvre
2391:
2174:
2149:
2126:Quran
2110:
2081:
2056:
1878:
1853:
1792:
1752:
1613:
1588:
1534:
1509:
1470:
1451:
1432:
1372:Lurgan
1168:Arabic
1142:Poland
1075:(doum)
1069:, the
1041:mosque
1023:Jannah
970:Oaxaca
799:Origen
646:Masada
615:series
608:Judaea
585:willow
581:aravah
577:myrtle
573:hadass
569:Sukkot
555:, the
546:Hallel
338:was a
289:Delphi
273:Apollo
213:Inanna
207:, the
197:Ishtar
135:7:9).
90:Sukkot
72:, the
2389:S2CID
2369:Faust
1835:30:12
1764:3.105
1186:idiom
1126:Haiti
1122:Malta
1013:Quran
1009:Allah
1005:oasis
984:Islam
747:into
745:Jesus
681:Sanok
593:lulav
561:Lulav
483:of a
312:forum
304:palma
277:Delos
239:poem
193:genii
140:Islam
113:Jesus
78:frond
74:lulav
40:, or
2399:cura
2354:link
2314:2010
2274:2020
2249:2020
2228:2020
2203:2020
2172:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2108:ISBN
2079:ISBN
2054:ISBN
1953:2020
1927:2020
1905:2020
1876:ISBN
1851:ISBN
1823:30:2
1790:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1646:2011
1611:ASIN
1586:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1507:ISBN
1479:Livy
1468:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1208:for
1157:MUFI
1148:and
1134:Guam
1071:doum
1056:Mary
759:and
700:palm
696:Duke
536:The
340:toga
328:Nike
229:Igbo
48:and
36:The
2381:doi
2267:USC
1786:162
1166:In
1163:).
1105:is
1065:In
922:by
900:in
723:In
706:to
652:".
551:In
540:of
487:of
267:In
233:omu
221:Huh
183:In
107:In
100:in
88:of
28:by
2470::
2433:.
2387:.
2377:11
2375:.
2350:}}
2346:{{
2290:.
2265:.
2219:.
2194:.
2038:^
2023:^
1970:.
1943:.
1788:.
1631:.
1540:.
1476:.
1424:.
1374:,
1152:.
1144:,
1140:,
1136:,
1132:,
1128:,
1124:,
1113:.
1062:.
1035:.
968:,
832:,
633:.
440:,
407:c.
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264:.
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104:.
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2316:.
2294:.
2276:.
2251:.
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2116:.
2087:.
2062:.
1974:.
1955:.
1929:.
1907:.
1884:.
1859:.
1798:.
1668:.
1648:.
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