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energy that is plentiful and that does not pass through objects. Sound waves provide useful information about the sources of and distances to objects, with larger animals making and hearing lower-frequency sounds and smaller animals making and hearing higher-frequency sounds. Taste and smell respond to chemicals in the environment that were significant for fitness in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness. The sense of touch is actually many senses, including pressure, heat, cold, tickle, and pain. Pain, while unpleasant, is adaptive. An important adaptation for senses is range shifting, by which the organism becomes temporarily more or less sensitive to sensation. For example, one's eyes automatically adjust to dim or bright ambient light. Sensory abilities of different organisms often co-evolve, as is the case with the hearing of echolocating bats and that of the moths that have evolved to respond to the sounds that the bats make.
3652:) is a predisposition to perceive things in a certain way. It is an example of how perception can be shaped by "top-down" processes such as drives and expectations. Perceptual sets occur in all the different senses. They can be long term, such as a special sensitivity to hearing one's own name in a crowded room, or short-term, as in the ease with which hungry people notice the smell of food. A simple demonstration of the effect involved very brief presentations of non-words such as "sael". Subjects who were told to expect words about animals read it as "seal", but others who were expecting boat-related words read it as "sail".
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in order for us to be able to understand the physical world around us. But it is these various forms of stimulation, combined with our previous knowledge and experience that allows us to create our overall perception. For example, when engaging in conversation, we attempt to understand their message and words by not only paying attention to what we hear through our ears but also from the previous shapes we have seen our mouths make. Another example would be if we had a similar topic come up in another conversation, we would use our previous knowledge to guess the direction the conversation is headed in.
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whether conscious or not, enable an animal to refine its impressions of that object. This can be achieved more easily with a circular closed-loop system than with a linear open-loop one. Closed-loop perception can explain many of the phenomena that open-loop perception struggles to account for. This is largely because closed-loop perception considers motion to be an integral part of perception, and not an interfering component that must be corrected for. Furthermore, an environment perceived via sensor motion, and not despite sensor motion, need not be further stabilized by internal processes.
3023:", considered as the process of receiving, accessing and appraising internal bodily signals. Maintaining desired physiological states is critical for an organism's well-being and survival. Interoception is an iterative process, requiring the interplay between perception of body states and awareness of these states to generate proper self-regulation. Afferent sensory signals continuously interact with higher order cognitive representations of goals, history, and environment, shaping emotional experience and motivating regulatory behavior.
3056:: when a hand is drawn quickly across a surface, the touch nerves are stimulated more intensely. The brain compensates for this, so the speed of contact does not affect the perceived roughness. Other constancies include melody, odor, brightness and words. These constancies are not always total, but the variation in the percept is much less than the variation in the physical stimulus. The perceptual systems of the brain achieve perceptual constancy in a variety of ways, each specialized for the kind of information being processed, with
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3695:. Clark says this research has various implications; not only can there be no completely "unbiased, unfiltered" perception, but this means that there is a great deal of feedback between perception and expectation (perceptual experiences often shape our beliefs, but those perceptions were based on existing beliefs). Indeed, predictive coding provides an account where this type of feedback assists in stabilizing our inference-making process about the physical world, such as with perceptual constancy examples.
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by a computer. They were told that either a number or a letter would flash on the screen to say whether they were going to taste an orange juice drink or an unpleasant-tasting health drink. In fact, an ambiguous figure was flashed on screen, which could either be read as the letter B or the number 13. When the letters were associated with the pleasant task, subjects were more likely to perceive a letter B, and when letters were associated with the unpleasant task they tended to perceive a number 13.
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thinking of the name "Hitler" led to subjects rating a person as more hostile. Whether a piece of music is perceived as good or bad can depend on whether the music heard before it was pleasant or unpleasant. For the effect to work, the objects being compared need to be similar to each other: a television reporter can seem smaller when interviewing a tall basketball player, but not when standing next to a tall building. In the brain, brightness contrast exerts effects on both neuronal
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reality to them and that our perceptions were sufficient to know and understand that thing because our perceptions are capable of responding to a true reality. Kant almost meets the rationalists and the empiricists half way. His theory utilizes the reality of a noumenon, the actual objects that cannot be understood, and then a phenomenon which is human understanding through the mind lens interpreting that noumenon.
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register on an electroencephalogram (EEG). In an experiment, human readers wore an elastic cap with 64 embedded electrodes distributed over their scalp surface. Within 230 milliseconds of encountering the anomalous word, the human readers generated an event-related electrical potential alteration of their EEG at the left occipital-temporal channel, over the left occipital lobe and temporal lobe.
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3445:'s feature integration theory (FIT) attempts to explain how characteristics of a stimulus such as physical location in space, motion, color, and shape are merged to form one percept despite each of these characteristics activating separate areas of the cortex. FIT explains this through a two part system of perception involving the preattentive and focused attention stages.
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organisms cannot distinguish relevant sensory stimuli independently. Because the environment is the cacophony of stimuli (electromagnetic waves, chemical interactions, and pressure fluctuations), their sensation is too limited by the noise to solve the cue problem. The relevant stimulus cannot overcome the noise magnitude if it passes through the senses. Therefore,
2496:. The initial auditory signal is compared with visual informationâprimarily lip movementâto extract acoustic cues and phonetic information. It is possible other sensory modalities are integrated at this stage as well. This speech information can then be used for higher-level language processes, such as
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challenges the idea of perception as internal representations resulting from a passive reception of (incomplete) sensory inputs coming from the outside world. According to O'Regan (1992), the major issue with this perspective is that it leaves the subjective character of perception unexplained. Thus,
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in all its integral complexity from the level of interpersonal dynamics to interaction at the neuronal level. Introduced by
Latvian professor Igor Val Danilov, the hypothesis of neurobiological processes occurring during Shared intentionality highlights that, at the beginning of cognition, very young
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The preattentive stage of perception is largely unconscious, and analyzes an object by breaking it down into its basic features, such as the specific color, geometric shape, motion, depth, individual lines, and many others. Studies have shown that, when small groups of objects with different features
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is a type of sensory information that elicits an emotional reaction and is usually social in nature. Such information is actually coded differently than other sensory information. Though the intensity of affective touch is still encoded in the primary somatosensory cortex, the feeling of pleasantness
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Perceptual set has been demonstrated in many social contexts. When someone has a reputation for being funny, an audience is more likely to find them amusing. Individual's perceptual sets reflect their own personality traits. For example, people with an aggressive personality are quicker to correctly
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and so can result in people interpreting ambiguous figures so that they see what they want to see. For instance, how someone perceives what unfolds during a sports game can be biased if they strongly support one of the teams. In one experiment, students were allocated to pleasant or unpleasant tasks
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Past actions and events that transpire right before an encounter or any form of stimulation have a strong degree of influence on how sensory stimuli are processed and perceived. On a basic level, the information our senses receive is often ambiguous and incomplete. However, they are grouped together
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The unconnected features described in the preattentive stage are combined into the objects one normally sees during the focused attention stage. The focused attention stage is based heavily around the idea of attention in perception and 'binds' the features together onto specific objects at specific
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refers to the mind's tendency to see complete figures or forms even if a picture is incomplete, partially hidden by other objects, or if part of the information needed to make a complete picture in our minds is missing. For example, if part of a shape's border is missing people still tend to see the
2586:(TMS) of the primary somatosensory cortex inhibits the perception of affective touch intensity, but not affective touch pleasantness. Therefore, the S1 is not directly involved in processing socially affective touch pleasantness, but still plays a role in discriminating touch location and intensity.
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Smell is also a very interactive sense as scientists have begun to observe that olfaction comes into contact with the other sense in unexpected ways. It is also the most primal of the senses, as it is known to be the first indicator of safety or danger, therefore being the sense that drives the most
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as a target to be homed in upon, and a pragmatic necessity to allow an initial measure of understanding to be established prior to the updating that a statement aims to achieve. The invariant does not, and need not, represent an actuality. Glasersfeld describes it as extremely unlikely that what is
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which argues that perception is a requisite property of animate action. It posits that, without perception, action would be unguided, and without action, perception would serve no purpose. Animate actions require both perception and motion, which can be described as "two sides of the same coin, the
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and
Wheatley gave subjects instructions to move a mouse around a scene and point to an image about once every thirty seconds. However, a second personâacting as a test subject but actually a confederateâhad their hand on the mouse at the same time, and controlled some of the movement. Experimenters
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before recognizing higher units, such as words. In an experiment, professor
Richard M. Warren replaced one phoneme of a word with a cough-like sound. His subjects restored the missing speech sound perceptually without any difficulty. Moreover, they were not able to accurately identify which phoneme
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is collaborative interactions in which participants share the essential sensory stimulus of the actual cognitive problem. This social bond enables ecological training of the young immature organism, starting at the reflexes stage of development, for processing the organization, identification, and
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proposes dynamic motor-sensory closed-loop process in which information flows through the environment and the brain in continuous loops. Closed-loop perception appears consistent with anatomy and with the fact that perception is typically an incremental process. Repeated encounters with an object,
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identified contrast as a fundamental principle of perception, and since then the effect has been confirmed in many different areas. These effects shape not only visual qualities like color and brightness, but other kinds of perception, including how heavy an object feels. One experiment found that
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groups stimuli together on the basis of their movement. When visual elements are seen moving in the same direction at the same rate, perception associates the movement as part of the same stimulus. This allows people to make out moving objects even when other details, such as color or outline, are
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in the area concluded that rats with a damaged perirhinal cortex were still more interested in exploring when novel objects were present, but seemed unable to tell novel objects from familiar onesâthey examined both equally. Thus, other brain regions are involved with noticing unfamiliarity, while
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A perceptual visual event measured in humans was the presentation to individuals of an anomalous word. If these individuals are shown a sentence, presented as a sequence of single words on a computer screen, with a puzzling word out of place in the sequence, the perception of the puzzling word can
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captures information about the intensity, color, and position of incoming light. Some processing of texture and movement occurs within the neurons on the retina before the information is sent to the brain. In total, about 15 differing types of information are then forwarded to the brain proper via
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To explain the process of perception, an example could be an ordinary shoe. The shoe itself is the distal stimulus. When light from the shoe enters a person's eye and stimulates the retina, that stimulation is the proximal stimulus. The image of the shoe reconstructed by the brain of the person is
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hypothesized that social bonds between children and caregivers would gradually increase through the essential motive force of shared intentionality beginning from birth. The notion of shared intentionality, introduced by
Michael Tomasello, was developed by later researchers, who tended to explain
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Scientists who study perception and sensation have long understood the human senses as adaptations. Depth perception consists of processing over half a dozen visual cues, each of which is based on a regularity of the physical world. Vision evolved to respond to the narrow range of electromagnetic
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to name a few. In his work The
Meditations Descartes begins by doubting all of his perceptions proving his existence with the famous phrase "I think therefore I am", and then works to the conclusion that perceptions are God-given. George Berkely took the stance that all things that we see have a
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of hand position and conformation. People can rapidly and accurately identify three-dimensional objects by touch. This involves exploratory procedures, such as moving the fingers over the outer surface of the object or holding the entire object in the hand. Haptic perception relies on the forces
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layer which, in turn, can activate a retinal ganglion neuron cell. A retinal ganglion cell is a bridging neuron that connects visual retinal input to the visual processing centers within the central nervous system. Light-altered neuron activation occurs within about 5â20 milliseconds in a rabbit
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Manipulations of dopaminergic signaling profoundly influence interval timing, leading to the hypothesis that dopamine influences internal pacemaker, or "clock", activity. For instance, amphetamine, which increases concentrations of dopamine at the synaptic cleft advances the start of responding
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detailed how the world could be specified to a mobile, exploring organism via the lawful projection of information about the world into energy arrays. "Specification" would be a 1:1 mapping of some aspect of the world into a perceptual array. Given such a mapping, no enrichment is required and
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is the ability of perceptual systems to recognize the same object from widely varying sensory inputs. For example, individual people can be recognized from views, such as frontal and profile, which form very different shapes on the retina. A coin looked at face-on makes a circular image on the
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in the perirhinal cortex are connected with the sense of familiarity in humans and other mammals. In tests, stimulating this area at 10â15 Hz caused animals to treat even novel images as familiar, and stimulation at 30â40 Hz caused novel images to be partially treated as familiar. In
2700:, can cause a loss of this sense, which may lead a person into delusions, such as feeling like a machine or like an outside source is controlling them. An opposite extreme can also occur, where people experience everything in their environment as though they had decided that it would happen.
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The cues become less open and selective. People try to search for more cues that confirm the categorization of the target. They actively ignore and distort cues that violate their initial perceptions. Their perception becomes more selective and they finally paint a consistent picture of the
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practitioners were significantly less influenced by a misleading visual context. Increasing self-transcendence may enable yoga practitioners to optimize verticality judgment tasks by relying more on internal (vestibular and proprioceptive) signals coming from their own body, rather than on
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states that, all else being equal, perception lends itself to seeing stimuli that physically resemble each other as part of the same object and that are different as part of a separate object. This allows for people to distinguish between adjacent and overlapping objects based on their
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retina, but when held at angle it makes an elliptical image. In normal perception these are recognized as a single three-dimensional object. Without this correction process, an animal approaching from the distance would appear to gain in size. One kind of perceptual constancy is
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perception is understood as an active process conducted by perceiving and engaged agents (perceivers). Furthermore, perception is influenced by agents' motives and expectations, their bodily states, and the interaction between the agent's body and the environment around it.
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can be interpreted either as a vase or as two faces. The percept can bind sensations from multiple senses into a whole. A picture of a talking person on a television screen, for example, is bound to the sound of speech from speakers to form a percept of a talking person.
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the percept. Another example could be a ringing telephone. The ringing of the phone is the distal stimulus. The sound stimulating a person's auditory receptors is the proximal stimulus. The brain's interpretation of this as the "ringing of a telephone" is the percept.
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A common finding across many different kinds of perception is that the perceived qualities of an object can be affected by the qualities of context. If one object is extreme on some dimension, then neighboring objects are perceived as further away from that extreme.
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identify aggressive words or situations. In general, perceptual speed as a mental ability is positively correlated with personality traits such as conscientiousness, emotional stability, and agreeableness suggesting its evolutionary role in preserving homeostasis.
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The first stage does not give people enough information on which to base perceptions of the target, so they will actively seek out cues to resolve this ambiguity. Gradually, people collect some familiar cues that enable them to make a rough categorization of the
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expensive. More than half the brain is devoted to processing sensory information, and the brain itself consumes roughly one-fourth of one's metabolic resources. Thus, such organs evolve only when they provide exceptional benefits to an organism's fitness.
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Evolutionary psychologists claim that perception demonstrates the principle of modularity, with specialized mechanisms handling particular perception tasks. For example, people with damage to a particular part of the brain are not able to recognize faces
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Fishburn, F. A., Murty, V. P., Hlutkowsky, C. O., MacGillivray, C. E., Bemis, L. M., Murphy, M. E., ... & Perlman, S. B. (2018). "Putting our heads together: interpersonal neural synchronization as a biological mechanism for shared intentionality."
2930:, which quantifies the relationship between the intensity of the physical stimulus and its perceptual counterpart (e.g., testing how much darker a computer screen can get before the viewer actually notices). The study of perception gave rise to the
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and the idea that perception is based upon sensations. Instead, Gibson investigated what information is actually presented to the perceptual systems. His theory "assumes the existence of stable, unbounded, and permanent stimulus-information in the
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Stimuli are not necessarily translated into a percept and rarely does a single stimulus translate into a percept. An ambiguous stimulus may sometimes be transduced into one or more percepts, experienced randomly, one at a time, in a process termed
3611:, Daoshi and other mind-body disciplines) can modify human perceptual modality. Specifically, these practices enable perception skills to switch from the external (exteroceptive field) towards a higher ability to focus on internal signals (
1979:. All of these factors, especially the first two, greatly contribute to how the person perceives a situation. Oftentimes, the perceiver may employ what is called a "perceptual defense", where the person will only see what they want to see.
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In many ways, vision is the primary human sense. Light is taken in through each eye and focused in a way which sorts it on the retina according to direction of origin. A dense surface of photosensitive cells, including rods, cones, and
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developed a model of perception, in which people put "together the information contained in" a target and a situation to form "perceptions of ourselves and others based on social categories." This model is composed of three states:
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particular, stimulation at 30â40 Hz led to animals looking at a familiar image for longer periods, as they would for an unfamiliar one, though it did not lead to the same exploration behavior normally associated with novelty.
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defined the haptic system as "the sensibility of the individual to the world adjacent to his body by use of his body." Gibson and others emphasized the close link between body movement and haptic perception, where the latter is
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during interval timing, whereas antagonists of D2 type dopamine receptors typically slow timing;... Depletion of dopamine in healthy volunteers impairs timing, while amphetamine releases synaptic dopamine and speeds up timing.
3496:. Because many theories build their knowledge about perception based on its main features of the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information to represent the holistic picture of the environment,
2489:, signifying the persistence of sound after the sound is produced, can also have a considerable impact on perception. Experiments have shown that people automatically compensate for this effect when hearing speech.
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factors, timing, and degree of stimulation that affect the process of perception. These factors may render a single stimulus to be left as merely a stimulus, not a percept that is subject for brain interpretation.
3449:(e.g., red triangle, blue circle) are briefly flashed in front of human participants, many individuals later report seeing shapes made up of the combined features of two different stimuli, thereby referred to as
2711:, a gap of half a second or more can be detected from the time when there are detectable neurological signs of a decision having been made to the time when the subject actually becomes conscious of the decision.
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Robles-De-La-Torre, G. (2006). "The
Importance of the Sense of Touch in Virtual and Real Environments". IEEE MultiMedia,13(3), Special issue on Haptic User Interfaces for Multimedia Systems, pp. 24â30.
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showed that perception systems evolved along the specifics of animals' activities. This explains why bats and worms can perceive different frequency of auditory and visual systems than, for example, humans.
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of the brain enable individuals to see the world around them as stable, even though the sensory information is typically incomplete and rapidly varying. Human and other animal brains are structured in a
1967:: a person whose awareness is focused on the stimulus, and thus begins to perceive it. There are many factors that may influence the perceptions of the perceiver, while the three major ones include (1)
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that are projected from sensory neurons; and are then absorbed into a receptor (one of 347 or so). It is this process that causes humans to understand the concept of smell from a physical standpoint.
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The timing of perception of a visual event, at points along the visual circuit, have been measured. A sudden alteration of light at a spot in the environment first alters photoreceptor cells in the
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McClung, J. S., PlacÏ, S., Bangerter, A., Clément, F., & Bshary, R. (2017). "The language of cooperation: shared intentionality drives variation in helping as a function of group membership."
3336:, regards the continual adjustment of perception and action to the external input as precisely what constitutes the "entity," which is therefore far from being invariant. Glasersfeld considers an
1989:
of perception; something or someone who is being perceived. The amount of information gathered by the sensory organs of the perceiver affects the interpretation and understanding about the target.
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may also interact with basic speech perception processes to aid in recognition of speech sounds. It may be the case that it is not necessary (maybe not even possible) for a listener to recognize
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can learn to make finer perceptual distinctions, and learn new kinds of categorization. Wine-tasting, the reading of X-ray images and music appreciation are applications of this process in the
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retinal ganglion, although in a mouse retinal ganglion cell the initial spike takes between 40 and 240 milliseconds before the initial activation. The initial activation can be detected by an
1885:. By means of light, sound, or another physical process, the object stimulates the body's sensory organs. These sensory organs transform the input energy into neural activityâa process called
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explains that perception, although it occurs quickly, is not simply a bottom-up process (where minute details are put together to form larger wholes). Instead, our brains use what he calls
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A mathematical theory of perception-in-action has been devised and investigated in many forms of controlled movement, and has been described in many different species of organism using the
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There is also evidence that the brain in some ways operates on a slight "delay" in order to allow nerve impulses from distant parts of the body to be integrated into simultaneous signals.
3688:. It starts with very broad constraints and expectations for the state of the world, and as expectations are met, it makes more detailed predictions (errors lead to new predictions, or
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as they arrive at the ears. Hearing involves the computationally complex task of separating out sources of interest, identifying them and often estimating their distance and direction.
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is the specific part of the world to which a receptor organ and receptor cells respond. For instance, the part of the world an eye can see, is its receptive field; the light that each
3299:. And it supposes that the visual system can explore and detect this information. The theory is information-based, not sensation-based." He and the psychologists who work within this
3098:, to explain how humans naturally perceive objects with patterns and objects. Gestalt psychologists argued that these principles exist because the mind has an innate disposition to
1838:'s perceptual systems actively and pre-consciously attempt to make sense of their input. There is still active debate about the extent to which perception is an active process of
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3380:, which seems to have evolved not to aid in knowing the distances to other objects but rather to aid movement. Evolutionary psychologists argue that animals ranging from
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3238:, who observed that lukewarm water can feel hot or cold depending on whether the hand touching it was previously in hot or cold water. In the early 20th Century,
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makes sense of stimuli that overlap: when there is an intersection between two or more objects, people tend to perceive each as a single uninterrupted object.
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1862:, mapping some aspect of the world across part of the brain's surface. These different modules are interconnected and influence each other. For instance,
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Alan S. & Gary J. (2011). Perception, Attribution, and
Judgment of Others. Organizational Behaviour: Understanding and Managing Life at Work, Vol. 7.
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Listeners manage to perceive words across a wide range of conditions, as the sound of a word can vary widely according to words that surround it and the
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refers to concurrent stimulation in more than one sensory modality and the effect such has on the perception of events and objects in the world.
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information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment. All perception involves signals that go through the
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7280:"Low-Frequency Oscillations for Nonlocal Neuronal Coupling in Shared Intentionality Before and After Birth: Toward the Origin of Perception"
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Davis MH, Johnsrude IS (July 2007). "Hearing speech sounds: Top-down influences on the interface between audition and speech perception".
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researchers have been able to build computational models for perception that exhibit a similar behavior and are capable of generating and
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3513:). The perception of objects is also problematic since it cannot appear without Intentionality. From the perspective of this hypothesis,
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approach considers perception occurrence at an earlier stage of organisms' development than other theories, even before the emergence of
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Val
Danilov, I. & Mihailova, S. (2023). "Empirical Evidence of Shared Intentionality: Towards Bioengineering Systems Development."
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is heard, interpreted and understood. Research in this field seeks to understand how human listeners recognize the sound of speech (or
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is the part of perception that allows people to understand the individuals and groups of their social world. Thus, it is an element of
1895:. These neural signals are then transmitted to the brain and processed. The resulting mental re-creation of the distal stimulus is the
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2654:(commonly known as one's "internal clock"), while other cell clusters appear to be capable of shorter-range timekeeping, known as an
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indicates that human brains do have a system governing the perception of time, composed of a highly distributed system involving the
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7247:"Shared Intentionality Modulation at the Cell Level: Low-Frequency Oscillations for Temporal Coordination in Bioengineering Systems"
3052:: for example, a white piece of paper can be recognized as such under different colors and intensities of light. Another example is
2926:, which states that the smallest noticeable difference in stimulus intensity is proportional to the intensity of the reference; and
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Shteynberg, G., & Galinsky, A. D. (2011). "Implicit coordination: Sharing goals with similar others intensifies goal pursuit."
3275:, by themselves, are unable to provide a unique description of the world. Sensations require 'enriching', which is the role of the
2015:. The same stimuli, or absence of them, may result in different percepts depending on subject's culture and previous experiences.
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according to which, when using a tool such as a stick, perceptual experience is transparently transferred to the end of the tool.
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Humans are able to make a very good guess on the underlying 3D shape category/identity/geometry given a silhouette of that shape.
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is a difficult problem for them since it needs the representation of the environment already categorized into objects (see also
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There are also experiments in which an illusion of agency is induced in psychologically normal subjects. In 1999, psychologists
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2988:(smell), as listed above. It has been suggested that the immune system is an overlooked sensory modality. In short, senses are
1762:. Sensory input is a process that transforms this low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for
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Robles-de-la-torre G, Hayward V (2001). "Force can overcome object geometry in the perception of shape through active touch".
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5687:"Detecting and discriminating novel objects: The impact of perirhinal cortex disconnection on hippocampal activity patterns"
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cases, there is a measurable difference between the making of a decision and the feeling of agency. Through methods such as
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Sound does not usually come from a single source: in real situations, sounds from multiple sources and directions are
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7372:"Processing of proprioceptive and vestibular body signals and self-transcendence in Ashtanga yoga practitioners"
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A fundamentally different approach to understanding the perception of objects relies upon the essential role of
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The process of perceiving speech begins at the level of the sound within the auditory signal and the process of
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10710:
9628:
1492:
901:
581:
409:
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11548:
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8696:
8606:
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8492:
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1280:
771:
611:
180:
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3518:
interpretation of sensory information in developing perception. From this account perception emerges due to
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12034:
11900:
11811:
10662:
10589:
9567:
9025:
8131:
6972:
3778:
3667:
One classic psychological experiment showed slower reaction times and less accurate answers when a deck of
3342:
3181:
2968:, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for
2018:
Ambiguous figures demonstrate that a single stimulus can result in more than one percept. For example, the
1540:
1161:
621:
534:
3019:, so far. Research attention is currently focused not only on external perception processes, but also to "
12233:
10812:
9562:
9468:
9378:
8900:
7072:
7022:
3191:
3057:
1595:
1545:
1185:
847:
785:
655:
33:
11772:
2559:
is a part of the brain that receives and encodes sensory information from receptors of the entire body.
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12187:
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10188:
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9086:
9005:
8471:
8086:
3773:
3738:
3716:
Perception is an important part of the theories of many philosophers it has been famously addressed by
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2719:
were able to arrange for subjects to perceive certain "forced stops" as if they were their own choice.
1099:
127:
7279:
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7152:
4477:
Tengölics ĂJ, Szarka G, Ganczer A, SzabĂł-Meleg E, Nyitrai M, KovĂĄcs-Ăller T, Völgyi B (October 2019).
2541:(including perceiving the identity of an individual) and facial expressions (such as emotional cues.)
11996:
11938:
11749:
11105:
10703:
9895:
9703:
9504:
9496:
9393:
9238:
8741:
8576:
8196:
8051:
7644:
6600:"James Gibson's Passive Theory of Perception: A Rejection of the Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies"
5010:"Science is perception: what can our sense of smell tell us about ourselves and the world around us?"
3067:
Law of
Closure. The human brain tends to perceive complete shapes even if those forms are incomplete.
2567:
2503:
Speech perception is not necessarily uni-directional. Higher-level language processes connected with
2305:
The human tongue has 100 to 150 taste receptor cells on each of its roughly-ten thousand taste buds.
1887:
1555:
1250:
913:
576:
567:
489:
309:
192:
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7356:
7312:
7214:"Theoretical Grounds of Shared Intentionality for Neuroscience in Developing Bioengineering Systems"
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3325:
already exist in the real world and that all that the perception process does is home in upon them.
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11777:
10879:
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9734:
9665:
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9473:
9438:
9198:
9015:
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7135:
6647:
5537:
Wegner DM, Wheatley T (July 1999). "Apparent mental causation. Sources of the experience of will".
4156:
3868:
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3711:
3264:
3248:
2504:
2213:
1812:
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790:
202:
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40:
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3500:
is the central issue in perception development. Nowadays, only one hypothesis attempts to explain
2807:, achieving orgasm usually requires physical sexual stimulation (stimulation of the Krause-Finger
11923:
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11000:
10609:
10559:
9983:
9645:
9478:
9354:
9288:
9110:
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8810:
8691:
8476:
8156:
7931:
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7822:
3838:
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3329:
3268:
3135:
2647:
2198:
1789:
1755:
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1141:
1064:
812:
601:
499:
270:
237:
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156:
116:
17:
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refers to the subjective feeling of having chosen a particular action. Some conditions, such as
1803:
describes the relationships between the physical qualities of the sensory input and perception.
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3103:
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2011:
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5124:
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4820:
4617:
4044:
3356:. According to this theory, "tau information", or time-to-goal information is the fundamental
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11115:
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3501:
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3333:
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3124:
2919:
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1136:
1128:
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879:
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728:
596:
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374:
339:
314:
212:
111:
106:
8023:
6490:"Brightness induction: Rate enhancement and neuronal synchronization as complementary codes"
6330:
6137:
5636:
Ho JW, Poeta DL, Jacobson TK, Zolnik TA, Neske GT, Connors BW, Burwell RD (September 2015).
4969:
4179:
3123:, perception tends to group stimuli that are close together as part of the same object, and
2738:. A strong sense of familiarity can occur without any recollection, for example in cases of
1846:, or whether realistic sensory information is rich enough to make this process unnecessary.
1807:
studies the neural mechanisms underlying perception. Perceptual systems can also be studied
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8044:
6751:
5253:
5132:
5021:
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4698:
Lederman SJ, Klatzky RL (1987). "Hand movements: A window into haptic object recognition".
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4181:
Sensory
Mechanisms of the Spinal Cord: Primary afferent neurons and the spinal dorsal horn
2753:) responds differently to stimuli that feel novel compared to stimuli that feel familiar.
2088:
Anatomy of the human ear. (The length of the auditory canal is exaggerated in this image.)
8:
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Biederlack J, Castelo-Branco M, Neuenschwander S, Wheeler D, Singer W, NikoliÄ D (2006).
5917:
Farb N., Daubenmier J., Price C. J., Gard T., Kerr C., Dunn B. D., Mehling W. E. (2015).
3563:
3415:). Evolutionary psychology suggests that this indicates a so-called face-reading module.
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hold that the primary purpose of perception is to guide action. They give the example of
3321:
coin is action." Gibson works from the assumption that singular entities, which he calls
3296:
3291:
3244:
3227:
3115:
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1695: 'gathering, receiving') is the organization, identification, and interpretation of
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6879: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
5323:"Encoding of Touch Intensity But Not Pleasantness in Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex"
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5136:
5025:
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4435:
2288:. Humans receive tastes through sensory organs concentrated on the upper surface of the
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Wolfe JM, Kluender KR, Levi DM, Bartoshuk LM, Herz RS, Klatzky RL, Lederman SJ (2008).
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In the mind's eye : the visual impulse in Diderot, Baudelaire and Ruskin, pg. 257
5014:
Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
2402:
basic of human survival skills. As such, it can be a catalyst for human behavior on a
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7456:
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7092:
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6905:
Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience, 4th Edition
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6417:
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4883:"Umami Dearest: The mysterious fifth taste has officially infiltrated the food scene"
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4794:
4766:
4715:
4711:
4680:
4625:
4567:
4516:
4459:
4454:
4419:
4400:
4349:
4320:"Eye Smarter than Scientists Believed: Neural Computations in Circuits of the Retina"
4300:
4185:
4104:
4050:
3977:
3899:
3764:
3752:
3684:
3480:
3388:, suggesting that vision is basically for directing action, not providing knowledge.
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2750:
2579:
2452:
2424:
2419:
2328:, which is considered the fifth primary taste, is a relatively recent development in
2238:
perception of patterns on the skin surface (e.g., edges, curvature, and texture) and
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7677:"On the Perception of Incongruity: A Paradigm" by Jerome S. Bruner and Leo Postman.
7104:
7054:
6772:
6523:
5281:
5230:
3717:
3316:
From Gibson's early work derived an ecological understanding of perception known as
1939:
When people encounter an unfamiliar target, they are very open to the informational
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8651:
8451:
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7740:
7729:"Solving the "real" mysteries of visual perception: The world as an outside memory"
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1826:
Although people traditionally viewed the senses as passive receptors, the study of
1781:, but subjectively seems mostly effortless because this processing happens outside
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A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
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The Effect of Experience on the Perception and Representation of Dialect Variants
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The confusing ambiguity of perception is exploited in human technologies such as
2890:
2885:, may not necessarily perceive the 'shape-shifting' as their world changes. This
2877:
In the case of visual perception, some people can see the percept shift in their
2858:
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the perirhinal cortex is needed to associate the feeling with a specific source.
2688:
2677:
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1972:
1960:
According to Alan Saks and Gary Johns, there are three components to perception:
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1000:
247:
69:
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2582:, are highly correlated with pleasantness scores of affective touch. Inhibitory
1874:
The process of perception begins with an object in the real world, known as the
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8541:
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8257:
8116:
7923:
7073:"Focused Attention in The Perception and Retrieval of Multidimensional Stimuli"
6979:
5735:
5614:
5598:
5560:
4502:
4280:
4081:
3914:
3873:
3803:
3617:). Also, when asked to provide verticality judgments, highly self-transcendent
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can see, is its receptive field. Receptive fields have been identified for the
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2788:
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The different kinds of sensation (such as warmth, sound, and taste) are called
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and chemical triggers in the body. Although sexual arousal may arise without
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Case LK, Laubacher CM, Olausson H, Wang B, Spagnolo PA, Bushnell MC (2016).
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that birds respond to as though they were the eyes of a dangerous predator.
2578:(fMRI), shows that signals in the anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the
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12115:
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11754:
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11703:
11698:
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9303:
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8746:
8681:
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8481:
8331:
8201:
8111:
8091:
7807:
7654:
7460:
7425:"How previous experience shapes perception in different sensory modalities"
7409:
6868:
6515:
5954:
5882:
5720:
5671:
5568:
5494:
5421:
5356:
5222:
5051:
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2830:
2627:
2434:
2403:
2193:, which produces neural signals in response to the sound. By the ascending
2084:
1859:
1766:). The following process connects a person's concepts and expectations (or
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1412:
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1036:
980:
539:
232:
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6960:
5273:
5125:"Room reflection and constancy in speech-like sounds: Within-band effects"
4719:
4684:
4463:
4138:
Pomerantz, James R. (2003): "Perception: Overview". In: Lynn Nadel (Ed.),
3195:
refers to the tendency to group together forms of similar shape, pattern,
2368:, depending upon whether the things they sense are harmful or beneficial.
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8176:
8141:
8096:
8067:
4479:"Response Latency Tuning by Retinal Circuits Modulates Signal Efficiency"
3888:
3828:
3600:
3369:
2989:
2886:
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of the human brain, from where the auditory information then goes to the
1940:
1808:
1482:
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1265:
1051:
454:
161:
53:
10995:
7607:
Can You Believe Your Eyes?: Over 250 Illusions and Other Visual Oddities
6849:
3225:" is the term used when stimuli are presented at the same time, whereas
12258:
12213:
12077:
12072:
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12024:
11948:
11908:
11855:
11840:
11764:
11228:
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9968:
9835:
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9448:
9423:
9388:
9243:
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8870:
8596:
8561:
8511:
8294:
8181:
8106:
7705:
6626:
5702:
4998:
scientificamerican.com. Dr. Tim Jacob, Cardiff University. 22 May 2009.
4675:
4658:
4369:"Retinal Ganglion Cells-Diversity of Cell Types and Clinical Relevance"
3904:
3858:
3679:
3656:
3608:
3531:
3235:
3145:
3091:
2897:
2846:
2639:
2165:
2159:
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2019:
1976:
1968:
1839:
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1402:
1059:
690:
354:
88:
57:
6720:
Gaulin, Steven J. C. and Donald H. McBurney. Evolutionary Psychology.
5916:
3102:
patterns in the stimulus based on certain rules. These principles are
2438:
Though the phrase "I owe you" can be heard as three distinct words, a
11870:
11816:
11683:
11213:
11203:
11148:
11138:
10980:
10965:
10802:
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9865:
9572:
9030:
8995:
8975:
8521:
8406:
8336:
8289:
8252:
8191:
8121:
7829:(Winter 2023 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
7744:
6764:
5685:
Kinnavane L, Amin E, Olarte-SĂĄnchez CM, Aggleton JP (November 2016).
4762:
3848:
3783:
3589:
3004:
2985:
2704:
2656:
2562:
2512:
2466:
2377:
2364:
2321:
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2294:
2158:
and 20,000 Hz. Frequencies higher than audio are referred to as
2134:
2114:
2094:
1823:
exist in objective reality rather than in the mind of the perceiver.
1785:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1317:
504:
6618:
4266:
2141:
detection). Frequencies capable of being heard by humans are called
1703:, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the
698:
96:
12039:
12029:
12019:
11958:
11831:
11688:
11486:
10990:
10899:
10695:
10604:
10338:
10288:
10268:
10133:
9428:
8970:
8531:
8386:
8161:
8126:
7881:(Fall 2023 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
7855:(Fall 2021 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
7153:
https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-02-167
5684:
3690:
3592:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3300:
3099:
3000:
2407:
2317:
2154:, the range of which is typically considered to be between 20
1827:
1362:
1342:
1260:
1094:
529:
524:
484:
7926:(2001). "'Neurobiology: Feeling bumps and holes. News and Views",
6666:
The Certainty of Uncertainty: Dialogues Introducing Constructivism
6555:
Vision and Mind. Selected Readings in the Philosophy of Perception
5874:
5459:"Executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and timing deficits"
5457:
Parker KL, Lamichhane D, Caetano MS, Narayanan NS (October 2013).
5413:
3484:
this collaborative interaction from different perspectives, e.g.,
3063:
2787:(including bodily contact) that leads to, enhances, and maintains
12208:
12062:
12014:
11976:
11880:
11821:
11153:
11010:
10417:
10365:
10323:
10308:
10278:
9408:
8820:
8526:
8456:
8426:
8391:
8326:
8284:
8269:
8136:
8013:
Cognitive Penetrability of Perception and Epistemic Justification
7979:
7185:
6997:(8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. pp. 144â146.
4476:
4142:, Vol. 3, London: Nature Publishing Group, pp. 527â537.
3818:
3604:
2918:
Perception is one of the oldest fields in psychology. The oldest
2901:
2834:
2800:
2739:
2516:
2122:
2031:
1955:
1843:
1732:
1372:
1312:
48:
8001:
7646:
Of Anchors & Sails: Personality-Ability Trait Constellations
5456:
3522:
in the embryonic stage of development, i.e., even before birth.
11467:
11457:
11163:
10926:
10350:
10328:
10258:
10236:
9522:
9071:
8416:
8366:
8279:
8151:
3883:
3878:
3161:
shape as completely enclosed by the border and ignore the gaps.
2935:
2889:
nature has been demonstrated by an experiment that showed that
2862:
2854:
2792:
2762:
2508:
2395:
2289:
2060:
1876:
1751:
1716:
1712:
1347:
1041:
8036:
5398:"The evolution of brain activation during temporal processing"
4934:
Basic neurochemistry: molecular, cellular, and medical aspects
3372:, write that the purpose of perception is knowledge. However,
3345:
by an organism will never suffer change as time goes on. This
3234:
The contrast effect was noted by the 17th Century philosopher
3203:
Later research has identified additional grouping principles.
2258:
The concept of haptic perception is related to the concept of
11693:
11495:
11408:
11403:
11177:
11087:
11062:
10873:
10123:
9719:
9622:
9268:
8921:
Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
8516:
8466:
8028:
7985:
6835:
4536:"Neural mechanisms of rapid sensitivity to syntactic anomaly"
3573:
3196:
2981:
2957:
2820:
2551:
Somatosensory system § Neural processing of social touch
2474:
2391:
2352:, muscle nerves, etc.; and temperature, which is detected by
2325:
2271:
2230:
The process of recognizing objects through touch is known as
2155:
2130:
1863:
1835:
1820:
1816:
1696:
1304:
1046:
7995:
4028:. "Perception" in Gregory, Zangwill (1987) pp. 598â601.
2730:
is sometimes divided into two functions by neuroscientists:
12228:
11981:
10344:
10318:
8461:
8441:
8436:
8361:
8319:
8304:
7776:"A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness"
5861:(2011). "The missing sensory modality: the immune system".
5446:. UniSci â Daily University Science News. 27 February 2001.
4989:
Why do two great tastes sometimes not taste great together?
3618:
3596:
3588:
systems or in the brain's processing of sense information.
3259:
2956:
is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing
2866:
2615:
2387:
2337:
2285:
2072:
spike, a sudden spike in neuron membrane electric voltage.
1919:
544:
6663:
London: RoutledgeFalmer; Poerksen, Bernhard (ed.) (2004),
6573:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 199â200.
6194:
5244:
Warren RM (1970). "Restoration of missing speech sounds".
3675:
symbol for some cards (e.g. red spades and black hearts).
3349:
theory thus allows for a needful evolutionary adjustment.
2470:) and use such information to understand spoken language.
11208:
10313:
7522:
Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior
7121:
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1999.
6816:, in Perception-Action Cycle. 2011, Springer. p. 601-636.
5320:
4740:
4366:
2566:
associated with affective touch is activated more in the
2190:
2182:
2178:
1943:
contained in the target and the situation surrounding it.
1720:
7165:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,
2477:
of the speech, as well as the physical characteristics,
8861:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
4970:
Food texture: measurement and perception (page 3â4/311)
4838:
4836:
4092:
4090:
3629:
2893:
have multiple interpretations on the perceptual level.
6661:
Radical Constructivism: A Way of Knowing and Learning,
4830:
Daniel D. Chiras. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2005.
4734:
4656:
4584:
3580:
has focused on the relation of this to other kinds of
3231:
applies when stimuli are presented one after another.
2537:
refers to cognitive processes specialized in handling
1815:
include the extent to which sensory qualities such as
10530:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
7151:
2023; 7(2): 167; doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302167.
6203:(2nd ed.). Sinauer Associates. pp. 78, 80.
5967:
5635:
5450:
5444:"Brain Areas Critical To Human Time Sense Identified"
4420:"The structure and precision of retinal spike trains"
3736:
1796:
has progressed by combining a variety of techniques.
1770:) with restorative and selective mechanisms, such as
7514:
7512:
7023:"Illusory Conjunctions in the Perception of Objects"
6646:
Consciousness in Action, S. L. Hurley, illustrated,
6237:
Banerjee JC (1994). "Gestalt Theory of Perception".
5961:
4885:. trendcentral.com. 23 February 2010. Archived from
4833:
4171:
4087:
2382:
Smell is the process of absorbing molecules through
2308:
Traditionally, there have been four primary tastes:
1891:. This raw pattern of neural activity is called the
1742:
Perception is not only the passive receipt of these
76:
from single or multi-view depth maps or silhouettes.
6828:
5919:"Interoception, contemplative practice, and health"
5129:
The Neurophysiological Bases of Auditory Perception
5122:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4659:"Identifying objects by touch: An "expert system.""
4417:
4367:Kim US, Mahroo OA, Mollon JD, Yu-Wai-Man P (2021).
2390:. These molecules diffuse through a thick layer of
2164:, while frequencies below audio are referred to as
2053:
intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
7560:
7558:
7556:
7554:
6794:The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory?
6266:(4th ed.). Brooks/Cole Pub. Co. p. 144.
6005:
6003:
5395:
4793:
4218:"Perception, Attribution, and, Judgment of Others"
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3969:
2992:from the physical world to the realm of the mind.
7509:
7369:
6831:"Perception as a closed-loop convergence process"
6670:Exeter: Imprint Academic; Wright. Edmond (2005).
5968:Atkinson RL, Atkinson RC, Smith EE (March 1990).
5123:Watkins AJ, Raimond A, Makin SJ (23 March 2010).
12277:
6241:. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 107â108.
6051:
6049:
6047:
6045:
5638:"Bidirectional Modulation of Recognition Memory"
5599:"Recognizing: the judgement of prior occurrence"
4919:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4585:D'Ambrose C, Choudhary R (2003). Elert G (ed.).
4177:
4038:
4036:
4034:
3537:The Interactive Activation and Competition Model
2672:appear to have a strong modulatory influence on
7597:
7551:
7020:
6413:Social cognition: understanding self and others
6239:Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Psychological Terms
6100:Elsevier's dictionary of psychological theories
6000:
5974:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. pp. 177â183.
4697:
4317:
4010:
3525:
3464:
1777:Perception depends on complex functions of the
7773:
7472:
7470:
6931:
6374:The psychology of judgment and decision making
6324:
6322:
6090:
5803:
5536:
5396:Rao SM, Mayer AR, Harrington DL (March 2001).
5200:
2284:of substances, including, but not limited to,
1956:Saks and John's three components to perception
39:"Percept" redirects here. For other uses, see
11047:
10711:
9735:
9087:
8052:
6403:
6042:
4842:
4604:
4096:
4031:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3431:
2646:. One particular component of the brain, the
2394:; come into contact with one of thousands of
1661:
1193:
663:
11061:
10460:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
7946:The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
7911:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
7518:
7200:Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,
6716:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6366:
6364:
4930:
4849:. Demos Medical Publishing. pp. 39â40.
4657:Klatzky RL, Lederman SJ, Metzger VA (1985).
4527:
4470:
4418:Berry MJ, Warland DK, Meister M (May 1997).
4360:
4178:Willis WD, Coggeshall RE (31 January 2004).
4103:. Demos Medical Publishing. pp. 33â37.
2356:. All basic tastes are classified as either
2336:of food in the mouth. Other factors include
2181:, which collect and filter sound waves; the
1811:, in terms of the information they process.
7939:The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems
7726:
7571:. Oxford University Press. pp. 24â27.
7467:
7277:
7244:
7211:
6934:"A Feature-Integration Theory of Attention"
6824:
6822:
6814:Information theory of decisions and actions
6702:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6672:Narrative, Perception, Language, and Faith,
6538:Vision and Brain: How we perceive the world
6319:
6280:
6009:
5116:
4796:The senses considered as perceptual systems
4411:
4278:
4134:
4132:
3584:, and whether it takes place in peripheral
3127:that are far apart as two separate objects.
2618:is perceived and experienced. Although the
2574:(BOLD) contrast imaging, identified during
2386:, which are absorbed by humans through the
1746:, but it is also shaped by the recipient's
11054:
11040:
10718:
10704:
9742:
9728:
9094:
9080:
8059:
8045:
7642:
7603:
7564:
7182:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,
6566:
6442:
6129:
6096:
5809:
4084:. Elemente der Psychophysik. Leipzig 1860.
3990:
3363:
2960:information. A sensory system consists of
1869:
1668:
1654:
1551:Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
1200:
1186:
670:
656:
8029:Articles and topics related to Perception
7998:Examples of well-known optical illusions.
7450:
7440:
7399:
7389:
7295:
7262:
7229:
6992:
6902:
6858:
6848:
6505:
6409:
6361:
6055:
5944:
5934:
5710:
5661:
5581:
5550:
5511:
5484:
5474:
5346:
5174:"Primacy of Multimodal Speech Perception"
5171:
5041:
4909:"#8 Food Trend for 2010: I Want My Umami"
4674:
4561:
4551:
4533:
4510:
4453:
4443:
4394:
4384:
4343:
4318:Gollisch T, Meister M (28 January 2010).
4281:"Exemplar-based model of social judgment"
4042:
3418:
3396:Building and maintaining sense organs is
2799:, sexual stimulation is strongly tied to
2589:
2348:, which is detected through a variety of
2003:
1566:Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery
7820:
7519:Coon D, Mitterer JO (29 December 2008).
7169:http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1682
7119:The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition.
7070:
6819:
6786:
6681:
6607:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
6597:
6236:
5389:
5090:
4261:Sincero, Sarah Mae. 2013. "Perception."
4129:
3967:
3552:
3260:Perception as direct perception (Gibson)
3062:
2433:
2083:
2030:
1920:Bruner's model of the perceptual process
1794:psychology's understanding of perception
63:
47:
7976:Several different aspects on perception
7879:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
7853:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
7846:
7827:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
6806:
6741:
6587:from the original on 25 September 2015.
6328:
6286:
6016:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 43â46.
5857:
5596:
5007:
3938:
3936:
3557:
3311:
2811:found in erogenous zones of the body.)
2600:
2185:, which transforms the sound pressure (
14:
12278:
7986:Comprehensive set of optical illusions
7525:. Cengage Learning. pp. 171â172.
7476:
7422:
6744:"The reflex arc concept in psychology"
6735:
6553:". In: Alva Noë/Evan Thompson (Eds.),
6448:
6332:Contrast in judgments of mental health
6261:
6135:
5733:
5243:
4843:DeVere R, Calvert M (31 August 2010).
4791:
4097:DeVere R, Calvert M (31 August 2010).
4049:. Cengage Learning. pp. 123â124.
3595:show that specific practices (such as
2026:
60:can be perceived in more than one way.
11272:Somatosensory system (sense of touch)
11035:
10699:
9723:
9075:
8891:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
8040:
8027:
7872:
7643:Stanek K, Ones D (20 November 2023).
7604:Block JR, Yuker HE (1 October 2002).
7370:Fiori F, David N, Aglioti SM (2014).
7066:
7064:
7016:
7014:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6803:nature reviews neuroscience 11:127-38
6540:", Cambridge, MIT Press, pp. 155-178.
6370:
6139:Visual perception: essential readings
5905:Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology
5463:Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
5180:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 51.
4615:
3286:approach was introduced by professor
3071:
2795:. Distinct from the general sense of
2769:
2576:functional magnetic resonance imaging
2260:extended physiological proprioception
27:Interpretation of sensory information
11257:Vestibular system (sense of balance)
10725:
8991:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
8911:The World as Will and Representation
7624:from the original on 9 November 2011
7585:from the original on 9 November 2011
7565:Hardy M, Heyes S (2 December 1999).
7539:from the original on 9 November 2011
7497:from the original on 9 November 2011
7331:from the original on 2 February 2016
7132:Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny
6551:A Theory of Direct Visual Perception
6469:from the original on 9 November 2011
6430:from the original on 9 November 2011
6391:from the original on 9 November 2011
6349:from the original on 9 November 2011
6307:from the original on 9 November 2011
6178:, 5th ed., New York: Worth, p. 281.
6156:from the original on 9 November 2011
6117:from the original on 9 November 2011
6078:from the original on 9 November 2011
6030:from the original on 9 November 2011
5988:from the original on 9 November 2011
5377:. p. Introduction to Psychology
5153:from the original on 9 November 2011
5097:How Does Scent Drive Human Behavior?
5064:
4979:Andrew J. Rosenthal. Springer, 1999.
4951:from the original on 9 November 2011
4911:. foodchannel.com. 6 December 2009.
4863:from the original on 9 November 2011
4846:Navigating Smell and Taste Disorders
4638:from the original on 9 November 2011
4246:
4198:from the original on 9 November 2011
4117:from the original on 9 November 2011
4100:Navigating Smell and Taste Disorders
3933:
3891:, the Buddhist concept of perception
3630:Effect of motivation and expectation
8018:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
8007:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
5835:The Secret Advantage Of Being Short
4063:from the original on 2 January 2017
3479:. Cognitive psychologist professor
3290:, who rejected the assumption of a
3206:
2324:. The recognition and awareness of
24:
12316:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
11252:Auditory system (sense of hearing)
7877:, in Zalta EN, Nodelman U (eds.),
7825:, in Zalta EN, Nodelman U (eds.),
7310:
7212:Val Danilov I (17 February 2023).
7061:
7011:
6986:
6887:
6636:from the original on 13 June 2013.
6557:, Cambridge, MIT Press, pp. 77â89.
5113:. Psychology Press, 2nd ed., p. 20
5109:E. R. Smith, D. M. Mackie (2000).
5071:American Psychological Association
4982:
4915:from the original on 11 July 2011.
4587:"Frequency range of human hearing"
3854:Neural correlates of consciousness
3060:as a notable example from hearing.
2825:Other senses enable perception of
2622:is not associated with a specific
25:
12327:
11267:Gustatory system (sense of taste)
11262:Olfactory system (sense of smell)
7967:
7483:. Cengage Learning. p. 193.
7480:Psychology: Themes and Variations
6570:Phenomenology of the Human Person
6293:. Psychology Press. p. 219.
6264:Psychology: themes and variations
6010:Sonderegger T (16 October 1998).
5516:. Basic Books. pp. 117â118.
5178:The Handbook of Speech Perception
4267:https://explorable.com/perception
4140:Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science
2584:transcranial magnetic stimulation
2280:) is the ability to perceive the
1866:is strongly influenced by smell.
1586:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
1286:Neuropsychological rehabilitation
1167:Social and political philosophers
11519:Infrared sensing in vampire bats
10678:
9101:
9054:
9044:
9043:
7982:Theories of Richard. L. Gregory.
7866:
7840:
7814:
7767:
7720:
7694:
7671:
7636:
7416:
7363:
7304:
7271:
7238:
6978:on 5 September 2008 – via
6874:
6650:, 2002, 0674007964, pp. 430â432.
6056:Goldstein EB (15 October 2009).
3758:
3746:
3542:Recognition-By-Components Theory
3267:of perception assume there is a
1634:
1622:
1610:
1222:
711:
697:
637:
95:
11247:Visual system (sense of vision)
8841:Meditations on First Philosophy
8066:
7948:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7901:
7429:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
7377:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
7205:
7191:
7174:
7157:
7141:
7124:
7111:
6925:
6659:Glasersfeld, Ernst von (1995),
6653:
6640:
6591:
6560:
6543:
6530:
6481:
6416:. Guilford Press. p. 421.
6377:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 38â41.
6255:
6230:
6221:
6188:
6168:
6142:. Psychology Press. p. 7.
5910:
5897:
5851:
5828:
5778:
5753:
5727:
5678:
5629:
5590:
5575:
5530:
5505:
5436:
5363:
5314:
5288:
5237:
5194:
5176:. In Pisoni D, Remez R (eds.).
5165:
5103:
5084:
5058:
5001:
4963:
4937:. Academic Press. p. 825.
4901:
4875:
4814:
4785:
4691:
4650:
4578:
4311:
4272:
4255:
4210:
3332:, held by such philosophers as
2814:
2544:
2234:. It involves a combination of
1813:Perceptual issues in philosophy
9749:
9518:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
8002:The Epistemology of Perception
7733:Canadian Journal of Psychology
7297:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304192
7264:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304185
7231:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301156
7186:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp
7021:Treisman A, Schmidt H (1982).
6449:Popper AN (30 November 2010).
5654:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2278-15.2015
5339:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1130-15.2016
5172:Rosenblum LD (15 April 2008).
4663:Perception & Psychophysics
4145:
4075:
3961:
2722:
13:
1:
12301:Neuropsychological assessment
11389:Auditory perception (hearing)
7780:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
7477:Weiten W (17 December 2008).
6932:Treisman A, Gelade G (1980).
6598:Richards RJ (December 1976).
6227:Goldstein (2009). pp. 105â107
6197:"Gestalt Grouping Principles"
4931:Siegel GJ, Albers RW (2006).
4043:Bernstein DA (5 March 2010).
3921:
3705:
3104:organized into six categories
3090:) are a set of principles in
2941:
2861:, and sensations felt in the
2614:refers to how the passage of
2129:) is the ability to perceive
2063:, which send a signal to the
1774:, that influence perception.
1576:ReyâOsterrieth complex figure
1571:Miniâmental state examination
1281:Neuropsychological assessment
380:Industrial and organizational
12035:Olfactory reference syndrome
11812:Alice in Wonderland syndrome
10880:Perception as interpretation
10590:Aestheticization of politics
9026:Philosophy of space and time
7610:. Robson. pp. 173â174.
7423:Snyder J (31 October 2015).
7134:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
7089:10.1016/0010-0285(82)90006-8
7039:10.1016/0010-0285(82)90006-8
6953:10.1016/0010-0285(80)90005-5
6829:Ahissar E., Assa E. (2016).
6507:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.11.012
6290:The dictionary of psychology
5266:10.1126/science.167.3917.392
5215:10.1016/j.heares.2007.01.014
5127:. In Lopez-Poveda EA (ed.).
5008:Brookes J (13 August 2010).
4821:Human biology (Page 201/464)
4800:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
4712:10.1016/0010-0285(87)90008-9
4616:Moore BC (15 October 2009).
4336:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.009
4279:Smith ER, ZĂĄrate MA (1992).
3926:
3779:Alice in Wonderland syndrome
3622:exteroceptive, visual cues.
3526:Other theories of perception
3465:Shared Intentionality theory
3223:Simultaneous contrast effect
3031:
2932:Gestalt School of Psychology
2906:European peacock butterflies
2904:. For example, the wings of
2572:blood oxygen level-dependent
2442:reveals no clear boundaries.
1541:Benton Visual Retention Test
535:Human factors and ergonomics
7:
12234:Sensory processing disorder
11404:Gustation (taste or flavor)
11394:Equilibrioception (balance)
9563:Internalism and externalism
8901:The Phenomenology of Spirit
7649:. University of Minnesota.
7107:– via Science Direct.
7057:– via Science Direct.
5734:Themes UF (29 March 2017).
5642:The Journal of Neuroscience
5091:Bergland C (29 June 2015).
3732:
3457:spatial locations (see the
3384:to humans use eyesight for
3368:Many philosophers, such as
3254:
3026:
2791:, possibly even leading to
2485:, and mood of the speaker.
2340:, which is detected by the
1596:Wisconsin Card Sorting Task
1546:Continuous Performance Task
34:Perception (disambiguation)
10:
12332:
12188:Supernumerary phantom limb
11524:Infrared sensing in snakes
11384:Visual perception (vision)
7896:
7774:O'Regan JK, Noë A (2001).
6812:Tishby, N. and D. Polani,
6549:Gibson, James J. (2002): "
6064:. Sage. pp. 309â313.
6062:Encyclopedia of Perception
5971:Introduction to psychology
5615:10.1037/0033-295X.87.3.252
5561:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.480
4624:. Sage. pp. 136â137.
4622:Encyclopedia of Perception
4534:Kim AE, Gilley PM (2013).
4503:10.1038/s41598-019-51756-y
4153:"Sensation and Perception"
3774:Action-specific perception
3709:
3671:reversed the color of the
3633:
3561:
3468:
3438:Feature integration theory
3435:
3432:Feature integration theory
3374:evolutionary psychologists
3210:
3075:
3035:
2945:
2872:
2818:
2796:
2773:
2686:
2604:
2548:
2527:
2450:
2417:
2375:
2269:
2243:experienced during touch.
2223:
2043:
1923:
1834:has demonstrated that the
38:
31:
12251:
12196:
12165:
12134:
12086:
12053:
12005:
11967:
11939:Microwave auditory effect
11899:
11797:
11790:
11763:
11740:
11712:
11671:
11613:
11602:
11570:
11547:
11494:
11485:
11438:
11376:
11333:
11280:
11237:
11194:
11185:
11176:
11124:
11106:Transduction (physiology)
11086:
11073:
10958:
10925:
10833:
10731:
10658:
10582:
10431:
10204:
9911:
9823:
9757:
9689:
9638:
9487:
9394:Evolutionary epistemology
9364:
9109:
9039:
8963:
8762:
8502:
8230:
8074:
8034:
7792:10.1017/S0140525X01000115
7681:, 18, pp. 206-223. 1949.
6536:Stone, James V. (2012): "
6455:. Springer. p. 150.
6103:. Elsevier. p. 126.
6060:. In Goldstein EB (ed.).
5539:The American Psychologist
5131:. Springer. p. 440.
4620:. In Goldstein EB (ed.).
4386:10.3389/fneur.2021.661938
3271:. This is the claim that
2682:
2650:, is responsible for the
2568:anterior cingulate cortex
2520:had even been disturbed.
2446:
2413:
2276:Taste (formally known as
2039:
1556:Hayling and Brixton tests
1251:Cognitive neuropsychology
914:Middle Eastern philosophy
310:Applied behavior analysis
11944:Music-specific disorders
11300:Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
9666:Philosophy of perception
9469:Representational realism
9439:Naturalized epistemology
9016:Philosophy of psychology
8951:Simulacra and Simulation
7688:15 February 2006 at the
7442:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00594
7391:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00734
7136:Harvard University Press
6995:Sensation and Perception
6732:, Chapter 4, pp. 81â101.
6648:Harvard University Press
6201:Sensation and Perception
5936:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00763
5476:10.3389/fnint.2013.00075
5371:"Multi-Modal Perception"
5067:"Scents and sensibility"
5065:Weir K (February 2011).
4994:28 November 2011 at the
4553:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00045
4424:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
4297:10.1037/0033-295x.99.1.3
4265:Retrieved 8 March 2020 (
4046:Essentials of Psychology
4007:Goldstein (2009) pp. 5â7
3869:Philosophy of perception
3844:Multisensory integration
3712:Philosophy of perception
3488:, and neurobiology. The
3088:Gestalt laws of grouping
2934:, with an emphasis on a
2523:
2460:is the process by which
2371:
2265:
2219:
2209:for further processing.
2079:
1246:Clinical neuropsychology
74:reconstructing 3D shapes
41:Percept (disambiguation)
12296:Experimental psychology
11924:Auditory verbal agnosia
11778:Juxtacapillary receptor
11001:Relational frame theory
10976:Higher nervous activity
10610:Evolutionary aesthetics
10560:The Aesthetic Dimension
9646:Outline of epistemology
9479:Transcendental idealism
8881:Critique of Pure Reason
7922:Flanagan, J. R., &
6174:Gray, Peter O. (2006):
5923:Frontiers in Psychology
4445:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5411
4184:. Springer. p. 1.
3839:Model-dependent realism
3655:Sets can be created by
3364:Evolutionary psychology
3269:poverty of the stimulus
2922:laws in psychology are
2648:suprachiasmatic nucleus
2199:primary auditory cortex
1870:Process and terminology
1790:experimental psychology
500:Behavioral neuroscience
157:Behavioral neuroscience
11919:Auditory hallucination
11529:Surface wave detection
11134:Multimodal integration
10971:Experiential avoidance
10540:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
10490:Lectures on Aesthetics
9593:Problem of other minds
8472:Typeâtoken distinction
8300:Hypostatic abstraction
8082:Abstract object theory
7974:Theories of Perception
7944:Gibson, J. J. (1987).
7937:Gibson, J. J. (1966).
7679:Journal of Personality
7655:10.24926/9781946135988
7278:Val Danilov I (2023).
7245:Val Danilov I (2023).
7130:Tomasello, M. (2019).
7117:Tomasello, M. (1999).
6097:Roeckelein JE (2006).
5810:Wettlaufer AK (2003).
5296:"Somatosensory Cortex"
5034:10.1098/rsta.2010.0117
4975:2 January 2017 at the
4826:2 January 2017 at the
4082:Gustav Theodor Fechner
3425:closed-loop perception
3419:Closed-loop perception
3347:social constructionist
3084:principles of grouping
3078:Principles of grouping
3068:
2881:. Others, who are not
2839:position of body parts
2670:central nervous system
2595:Multi-modal perception
2590:Multi-modal perception
2443:
2119:
2036:
2012:multistable perception
2004:Multistable perception
1926:Social identity theory
1842:testing, analogous to
1689:
1428:Patricia Goldman-Rakic
1291:Traumatic brain injury
1256:Cognitive neuroscience
1137:Aesthetic philosophers
550:Psychology of religion
490:Behavioral engineering
176:Cognitive neuroscience
142:Affective neuroscience
77:
61:
12178:Phantom limb syndrome
12126:Tactile hallucination
11315:Glossopharyngeal (IX)
11116:Active sensory system
10986:Ironic process theory
10751:Cognitive flexibility
10685:Philosophy portal
9671:Philosophy of science
9651:Faith and rationality
9533:Descriptive knowledge
9404:Feminist epistemology
9344:Nicholas Wolterstorff
9061:Philosophy portal
8941:Being and Nothingness
8357:Mental representation
7930:, 412(6845):389â91. (
7851:, in Zalta EN (ed.),
7167:284(1863), 20171682.
6993:Goldstein EB (2010).
6903:Goldstein EB (2015).
6799:8 August 2017 at the
6567:Sokolowski R (2008).
6410:Moskowitz GB (2005).
5846:All Things Considered
5814:. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
3895:Shared intentionality
3646:perceptual expectancy
3553:Effects on perception
3520:Shared intentionality
3515:Shared intentionality
3502:Shared intentionality
3490:Shared intentionality
3477:Shared intentionality
3471:Shared intentionality
3451:illusory conjunctions
3334:Ernst von Glasersfeld
3318:perception-in-action,
3096:Gestalt psychologists
3066:
2666:dopaminergic pathways
2437:
2197:these are led to the
2087:
2034:
1792:in the 19th century,
1629:Philosophy portal
1617:Psychology portal
1591:Wechsler Memory Scale
1561:Lexical Decision Task
718:Philosophy portal
644:Psychology portal
67:
51:
12311:Sources of knowledge
11987:Labyrinthine fistula
11954:Spatial hearing loss
11653:Campaniform sensilla
11368:Somatosensory cortex
10630:Philosophy of design
10510:In Praise of Shadows
10500:The Critic as Artist
9603:Procedural knowledge
9588:Problem of induction
8986:Feminist metaphysics
7907:Arnheim, R. (1969).
7568:Beginning Psychology
7077:Cognitive Psychology
7027:Cognitive Psychology
6941:Cognitive Psychology
6911:. pp. 109â112.
6752:Psychological Review
5903:Kolb & Whishaw:
5844:by Robert Krulwich.
5736:"Sensory Corpuscles"
5603:Psychological Review
5582:Metzinger T (2003).
5512:Metzinger T (2009).
4700:Cognitive Psychology
4591:The Physics Factbook
4285:Psychological Review
3976:. Worth Publishers.
3910:Transsaccadic memory
3558:Effect of experience
3312:Perception-in-action
3121:all else being equal
3094:, first proposed by
3058:phonemic restoration
3043:Perceptual constancy
3038:Subjective constancy
3017:somatosensory system
2851:abdominal distension
2829:(vestibular sense);
2805:physical stimulation
2709:the Libet experiment
2601:Time (chronoception)
2557:somatosensory cortex
2342:olfactory epithelium
1805:Sensory neuroscience
1788:. Since the rise of
1162:Philosophers of mind
32:For other uses, see
11773:Nociceptin receptor
11643:Merkel nerve ending
11628:Mechanotransduction
11016:Thought suppression
10640:Philosophy of music
10615:Mathematical beauty
9681:Virtue epistemology
9676:Social epistemology
9656:Formal epistemology
9543:Epistemic injustice
9538:Exploratory thought
9339:Ludwig Wittgenstein
8831:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
8342:Linguistic modality
7941:, Houghton Mifflin.
7821:Hatfield G (2023),
7727:O'Regan JK (1992).
7702:"Predictive Coding"
7184:47(6), 1291-1294.,
7071:Treisman A (1977).
6850:10.7554/eLife.12830
6792:Friston, K. (2010)
6782:on 6 November 2018.
6329:Kushner LH (2008).
6287:Corsini RJ (2002).
5848:, NPR. 18 May 2009.
5840:21 May 2009 at the
5402:Nature Neuroscience
5258:1970Sci...167..392W
5137:2010nbap.book.....L
5026:2010RSPTA.368.3491B
5020:(1924): 3491â3502.
4755:2001Natur.412..445R
4495:2019NatSR...915110T
4436:1997PNAS...94.5411B
4234:on 25 February 2021
3968:Schacter D (2011).
3564:Perceptual learning
3386:collision avoidance
3330:constructivist view
3297:ambient optic array
3292:poverty of stimulus
3228:successive contrast
3179:: the principle of
3154:: the principle of
3133:: the principle of
3113:: the principle of
3054:roughness constancy
2065:retina bipolar cell
2027:Types of perception
1914:stimulus modalities
1641:Medicine portal
1333:Executive functions
1172:Women in philosophy
902:Indigenous American
685:Part of a series on
495:Behavioral genetics
410:Occupational health
152:Behavioral genetics
83:Part of a series on
12135:Nociception (pain)
11727:Olfactory receptor
11679:Photoreceptor cell
11633:Lamellar corpuscle
11557:Photomorphogenesis
11419:nociception (pain)
11111:Sensory processing
10635:Philosophy of film
10625:Patterns in nature
10595:Applied aesthetics
10570:Why Beauty Matters
10356:Life imitating art
10217:Art for art's sake
9334:Timothy Williamson
9124:Augustine of Hippo
9021:Philosophy of self
9011:Philosophy of mind
8275:Embodied cognition
8187:Scientific realism
7847:Downing L (2021),
7708:on 5 December 2013
6676:Palgrave Macmillan
5703:10.1002/hipo.22615
5093:"Psychology Today"
4676:10.3758/BF03211351
3864:Perceptual paradox
3794:Embodied cognition
3699:Embodied cognition
3390:Neuropsychologists
3354:General Tau Theory
3284:perceptual ecology
3265:Cognitive theories
3249:neuronal synchrony
3165:Good Continuation:
3072:Grouping (Gestalt)
3069:
2781:Sexual stimulation
2776:Sexual stimulation
2770:Sexual stimulation
2761:Recent studies on
2749:(specifically the
2728:Recognition memory
2674:mental chronometry
2444:
2300:gustatory calyculi
2253:active exploration
2187:impedance matching
2120:
2037:
1969:motivational state
1909:sensory modalities
1851:perceptual systems
1764:object recognition
1353:Motor coordination
865:Eastern philosophy
612:Schools of thought
450:Sport and exercise
296:Applied psychology
78:
62:
12291:Cognitive science
12273:
12272:
12267:
12266:
12252:Biases and errors
12247:
12246:
12183:Somatoparaphrenia
12152:Pain dissociation
11997:MĂ©niĂšre's disease
11929:Cortical deafness
11807:Visual impairment
11786:
11785:
11648:Bulbous corpuscle
11638:Tactile corpuscle
11606:sensory receptors
11598:
11597:
11481:
11480:
11434:
11433:
11399:Olfaction (smell)
11353:Vestibular cortex
11335:Cerebral cortices
11172:
11171:
11159:Motion perception
11029:
11028:
10788:Critical thinking
10756:Cognitive liberty
10693:
10692:
10645:Psychology of art
10520:Art as Experience
9717:
9716:
9583:Privileged access
9219:SĂžren Kierkegaard
9069:
9068:
8248:Category of being
8217:Truthmaker theory
7996:Optical Illusions
7980:Richard L Gregory
7917:978-0-520-24226-5
7849:"George Berkeley"
7664:978-1-946135-98-8
7617:978-1-86105-586-6
7578:978-0-19-832821-6
7532:978-0-495-59911-1
7490:978-0-495-60197-5
7004:978-0-495-60149-4
6918:978-1-285-76388-0
6730:978-0-13-111529-3
6580:978-0-521-71766-3
6462:978-1-4419-6113-6
6423:978-1-59385-085-2
6384:978-0-07-050477-6
6342:978-0-549-91314-6
6300:978-1-58391-328-4
6273:978-0-534-34014-8
6262:Weiten W (1998).
6248:978-81-85880-28-0
6210:978-0-87893-938-1
6184:978-0-7167-0617-5
6149:978-0-86377-598-7
6136:Yantis S (2001).
6110:978-0-444-51750-0
6071:978-1-4129-4081-8
6023:978-0-8220-5327-9
5981:978-0-15-543689-3
5869:(10): 1265â1267.
5821:978-90-420-1035-2
5790:sensoryhealth.org
5765:sensoryhealth.org
5697:(11): 1393â1413.
5523:978-0-465-04567-9
5302:. 31 October 2019
5252:(3917): 392â393.
5187:978-0-470-75677-5
5146:978-1-4419-5685-9
5111:Social Psychology
4944:978-0-12-088397-4
4856:978-1-932603-96-5
4807:978-0-313-23961-8
4792:Gibson J (1966).
4749:(6845): 445â448.
4631:978-1-4129-4081-8
4225:Pearson Education
4191:978-0-306-48033-1
4110:978-1-932603-96-5
4056:978-0-495-90693-3
3983:978-1-4292-3719-2
3948:sensoryhealth.org
3900:Simulated reality
3685:predictive coding
3568:With experience,
3481:Michael Tomasello
3189:The principle of
3170:good continuation
3167:the principle of
2978:somatic sensation
2962:sensory receptors
2801:hormonal activity
2751:perirhinal cortex
2580:prefrontal cortex
2535:Facial perception
2458:Speech perception
2453:Speech perception
2425:Social perception
2420:Social perception
2232:haptic perception
2226:Haptic perception
2056:the optic nerve.
2046:Visual perception
1893:proximal stimulus
1678:
1677:
1510:("H.M.", patient)
1503:Hans-Lukas Teuber
1423:Elkhonon Goldberg
1210:
1209:
1018:
1017:
680:
679:
577:Counseling topics
520:Consumer behavior
261:Psycholinguistics
147:Affective science
16:(Redirected from
12323:
11914:Auditory agnosia
11846:Optic neuropathy
11795:
11794:
11663:Stretch receptor
11611:
11610:
11509:Magnetoreception
11504:Electroreception
11492:
11491:
11414:mechanoreception
11363:Gustatory cortex
11358:Olfactory cortex
11192:
11191:
11183:
11182:
11101:Sensory receptor
11084:
11083:
11056:
11049:
11042:
11033:
11032:
10726:Mental processes
10720:
10713:
10706:
10697:
10696:
10683:
10682:
10681:
10575:
10565:
10555:
10545:
10535:
10525:
10515:
10505:
10495:
10485:
10475:
10465:
10455:
10445:
9744:
9737:
9730:
9721:
9720:
9661:Metaepistemology
9639:Related articles
9613:Regress argument
9548:Epistemic virtue
9299:Bertrand Russell
9274:Duncan Pritchard
9234:Hilary Kornblith
9149:Laurence BonJour
9096:
9089:
9082:
9073:
9072:
9059:
9058:
9057:
9047:
9046:
8956:
8946:
8936:
8926:
8916:
8906:
8896:
8886:
8876:
8866:
8856:
8846:
8836:
8826:
8816:
8806:
8796:
8786:
8776:
8452:Substantial form
8264:Cogito, ergo sum
8207:Substance theory
8061:
8054:
8047:
8038:
8037:
8025:
8024:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7873:Rohlf M (2023),
7870:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7844:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7823:"René Descartes"
7818:
7812:
7811:
7771:
7765:
7764:
7745:10.1037/h0084327
7724:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7713:
7704:. Archived from
7698:
7692:
7675:
7669:
7668:
7640:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7601:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7590:
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7546:
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7474:
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7444:
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7403:
7393:
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7361:
7360:
7354:
7350:
7348:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7330:
7319:
7308:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7284:OBM Neurobiology
7275:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7251:OBM Neurobiology
7242:
7236:
7235:
7233:
7218:OBM Neurobiology
7209:
7203:
7195:
7189:
7178:
7172:
7161:
7155:
7149:OBM Neurobiology
7145:
7139:
7128:
7122:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7068:
7059:
7058:
7018:
7009:
7008:
6990:
6984:
6983:
6977:
6971:. Archived from
6938:
6929:
6923:
6922:
6909:Cengage Learning
6907:. Stamford, CT:
6900:
6885:
6878:
6872:
6862:
6852:
6826:
6817:
6810:
6804:
6790:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6775:. Archived from
6765:10.1037/h0070405
6748:
6742:Dewey J (1896).
6739:
6733:
6718:
6679:
6657:
6651:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6604:
6595:
6589:
6588:
6564:
6558:
6547:
6541:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6509:
6500:(6): 1073â1083.
6485:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6452:Music Perception
6446:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6371:Plous S (1993).
6368:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6326:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6234:
6228:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6217:on 23 July 2011.
6213:. Archived from
6192:
6186:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6161:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6094:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6053:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6007:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5948:
5938:
5914:
5908:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5855:
5849:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5807:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5714:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5665:
5648:(39): 13323â35.
5633:
5627:
5626:
5597:Mandler (1980).
5594:
5588:
5587:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5554:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5488:
5478:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5350:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5300:The Human Memory
5292:
5286:
5285:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5209:(1â2): 132â147.
5203:Hearing Research
5198:
5192:
5191:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5120:
5114:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5045:
5005:
4999:
4986:
4980:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4928:
4917:
4916:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4889:on 18 April 2011
4879:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4840:
4831:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4799:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4763:10.1038/35086588
4738:
4732:
4731:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4678:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4613:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4565:
4555:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4514:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4457:
4447:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4398:
4388:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4347:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4276:
4270:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4233:
4227:. Archived from
4222:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4155:. Archived from
4149:
4143:
4136:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4094:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4040:
4029:
4026:Gregory, Richard
4023:
4008:
4005:
3988:
3987:
3975:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3940:
3814:Experience model
3799:Change blindness
3763:
3762:
3761:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3636:Set (psychology)
3546:Irving Biederman
3486:psychophysiology
3378:depth perception
3207:Contrast effects
2891:ambiguous images
2883:picture thinkers
2678:interval timing.
2652:circadian rhythm
2498:word recognition
2429:social cognition
2384:olfactory organs
2350:mechanoreceptors
2195:auditory pathway
2113: Purple is
2112:
2102:
2092:
2070:action potential
1832:ambiguous images
1670:
1663:
1656:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1535:
1519:
1511:
1418:Norman Geschwind
1398:Arthur L. Benton
1387:
1338:Natural language
1307:
1235:
1226:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1195:
1188:
907:Aztec philosophy
786:Ancient Egyptian
768:
767:
720:
716:
715:
714:
701:
682:
681:
672:
665:
658:
642:
641:
640:
607:Research methods
266:Psychophysiology
128:Basic psychology
99:
80:
79:
21:
12331:
12330:
12326:
12325:
12324:
12322:
12321:
12320:
12306:Sensory systems
12276:
12275:
12274:
12269:
12268:
12263:
12243:
12192:
12161:
12130:
12082:
12049:
12001:
11963:
11895:
11886:Stereoblindness
11827:Color blindness
11782:
11759:
11736:
11708:
11667:
11615:Mechanoreceptor
11604:
11594:
11590:Machine hearing
11585:Computer vision
11580:Robotic sensing
11566:
11543:
11477:
11430:
11372:
11348:Auditory cortex
11329:
11276:
11239:Sensory systems
11233:
11168:
11120:
11078:
11076:
11069:
11060:
11030:
11025:
10954:
10921:
10829:
10808:Problem solving
10793:Decision-making
10727:
10724:
10694:
10689:
10679:
10677:
10654:
10578:
10573:
10563:
10553:
10550:Critical Essays
10543:
10533:
10523:
10513:
10503:
10493:
10483:
10473:
10463:
10453:
10443:
10427:
10200:
10114:Ortega y Gasset
9907:
9819:
9753:
9748:
9718:
9713:
9685:
9634:
9553:Gettier problem
9483:
9414:Foundationalism
9360:
9309:Wilfrid Sellars
9264:Alvin Plantinga
9144:George Berkeley
9111:Epistemologists
9105:
9100:
9070:
9065:
9055:
9053:
9035:
8959:
8954:
8944:
8934:
8924:
8914:
8904:
8894:
8884:
8874:
8864:
8854:
8844:
8834:
8824:
8814:
8804:
8801:De rerum natura
8794:
8784:
8774:
8758:
8498:
8402:Physical object
8238:Abstract object
8226:
8212:Theory of forms
8147:Meaning of life
8070:
8065:
8030:
8015:Article in the
8004:Article in the
7988:, presented by
7970:
7924:Lederman, S. J.
7909:Visual Thinking
7904:
7899:
7894:
7893:
7884:
7882:
7875:"Immanuel Kant"
7871:
7867:
7858:
7856:
7845:
7841:
7832:
7830:
7819:
7815:
7772:
7768:
7725:
7721:
7711:
7709:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7690:Wayback Machine
7676:
7672:
7665:
7641:
7637:
7627:
7625:
7618:
7602:
7598:
7588:
7586:
7579:
7563:
7552:
7542:
7540:
7533:
7517:
7510:
7500:
7498:
7491:
7475:
7468:
7421:
7417:
7368:
7364:
7352:
7351:
7342:
7341:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7317:
7309:
7305:
7276:
7272:
7243:
7239:
7210:
7206:
7202:13(8), 841-849.
7196:
7192:
7179:
7175:
7162:
7158:
7146:
7142:
7129:
7125:
7116:
7112:
7069:
7062:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6991:
6987:
6975:
6936:
6930:
6926:
6919:
6901:
6888:
6827:
6820:
6811:
6807:
6801:Wayback Machine
6791:
6787:
6779:
6746:
6740:
6736:
6719:
6682:
6658:
6654:
6645:
6641:
6633:
6619:10.2307/2107193
6602:
6596:
6592:
6581:
6565:
6561:
6548:
6544:
6535:
6531:
6486:
6482:
6472:
6470:
6463:
6447:
6443:
6433:
6431:
6424:
6408:
6404:
6394:
6392:
6385:
6369:
6362:
6352:
6350:
6343:
6327:
6320:
6310:
6308:
6301:
6285:
6281:
6274:
6260:
6256:
6249:
6235:
6231:
6226:
6222:
6211:
6193:
6189:
6173:
6169:
6159:
6157:
6150:
6134:
6130:
6120:
6118:
6111:
6095:
6091:
6081:
6079:
6072:
6054:
6043:
6033:
6031:
6024:
6008:
6001:
5991:
5989:
5982:
5966:
5962:
5915:
5911:
5902:
5898:
5856:
5852:
5842:Wayback Machine
5833:
5829:
5822:
5808:
5804:
5794:
5792:
5786:"Your 8 Senses"
5784:
5783:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5761:"Your 8 Senses"
5759:
5758:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5732:
5728:
5683:
5679:
5634:
5630:
5595:
5591:
5580:
5576:
5552:10.1.1.188.8271
5535:
5531:
5524:
5510:
5506:
5455:
5451:
5442:
5441:
5437:
5394:
5390:
5380:
5378:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5333:(21): 5850â60.
5319:
5315:
5305:
5303:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5242:
5238:
5199:
5195:
5188:
5170:
5166:
5156:
5154:
5147:
5121:
5117:
5108:
5104:
5089:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5063:
5059:
5006:
5002:
4996:Wayback Machine
4987:
4983:
4977:Wayback Machine
4968:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4945:
4929:
4920:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4892:
4890:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4866:
4864:
4857:
4841:
4834:
4828:Wayback Machine
4819:
4815:
4808:
4790:
4786:
4739:
4735:
4696:
4692:
4655:
4651:
4641:
4639:
4632:
4614:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4583:
4579:
4532:
4528:
4475:
4471:
4416:
4412:
4365:
4361:
4316:
4312:
4277:
4273:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4201:
4199:
4192:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4160:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4137:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4111:
4095:
4088:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4064:
4057:
4041:
4032:
4024:
4011:
4006:
3991:
3984:
3966:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3944:"Your 8 Senses"
3942:
3941:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3789:Binding Problem
3769:
3759:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3737:
3735:
3722:George Berkeley
3714:
3708:
3638:
3632:
3566:
3560:
3555:
3528:
3511:binding problem
3473:
3467:
3459:binding problem
3440:
3434:
3421:
3366:
3360:in perception.
3314:
3288:James J. Gibson
3262:
3257:
3215:
3213:Contrast effect
3209:
3080:
3074:
3049:color constancy
3040:
3034:
3029:
3013:auditory system
2997:receptive field
2966:neural pathways
2950:
2944:
2900:and biological
2875:
2859:urinary bladder
2823:
2817:
2778:
2772:
2725:
2694:Sense of agency
2691:
2689:Sense of agency
2685:
2676:, particularly
2636:cerebral cortex
2632:neuroscientists
2609:
2607:time perception
2603:
2592:
2563:Affective touch
2553:
2547:
2532:
2530:Face perception
2526:
2462:spoken language
2455:
2449:
2422:
2416:
2380:
2374:
2354:thermoreceptors
2330:Western cuisine
2274:
2268:
2228:
2222:
2207:cerebral cortex
2175:auditory system
2118:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2098:
2093: Brown is
2090:
2082:
2048:
2042:
2029:
2006:
1973:emotional state
1958:
1928:
1922:
1872:
1809:computationally
1727:is mediated by
1674:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1509:
1508:Henry Molaison
1498:Roger W. Sperry
1493:Mark Rosenzweig
1478:Karl H. Pribram
1468:Alexander Luria
1438:Kenneth Heilman
1408:Antonio Damasio
1388:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1368:Problem solving
1328:Decision making
1308:
1305:Brain functions
1303:
1296:
1295:
1276:Neurophysiology
1236:
1233:
1216:Neuropsychology
1206:
1177:
1176:
1142:Epistemologists
1132:
1131:
1120:
1119:
1056:
1032:
1031:
1020:
1019:
765:
764:
753:
712:
710:
709:
676:
638:
636:
629:
628:
627:
626:
602:Psychotherapies
570:
560:
559:
480:
472:
471:
470:
469:
298:
288:
287:
286:
285:
248:Neuropsychology
130:
70:Computer vision
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12329:
12319:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12271:
12270:
12265:
12264:
12262:
12261:
12255:
12253:
12249:
12248:
12245:
12244:
12242:
12241:
12236:
12231:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12211:
12206:
12200:
12198:
12194:
12193:
12191:
12190:
12185:
12180:
12175:
12169:
12167:
12166:Proprioception
12163:
12162:
12160:
12159:
12154:
12149:
12144:
12138:
12136:
12132:
12131:
12129:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12092:
12090:
12084:
12083:
12081:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12059:
12057:
12051:
12050:
12048:
12047:
12042:
12037:
12032:
12027:
12022:
12017:
12011:
12009:
12003:
12002:
12000:
11999:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11973:
11971:
11965:
11964:
11962:
11961:
11956:
11951:
11946:
11941:
11936:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11905:
11903:
11897:
11896:
11894:
11893:
11888:
11883:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11803:
11801:
11792:
11788:
11787:
11784:
11783:
11781:
11780:
11775:
11769:
11767:
11761:
11760:
11758:
11757:
11752:
11746:
11744:
11742:Thermoreceptor
11738:
11737:
11735:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11722:Taste receptor
11718:
11716:
11710:
11709:
11707:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11675:
11673:
11669:
11668:
11666:
11665:
11660:
11655:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11619:
11617:
11608:
11600:
11599:
11596:
11595:
11593:
11592:
11587:
11582:
11576:
11574:
11568:
11567:
11565:
11564:
11559:
11553:
11551:
11545:
11544:
11542:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11506:
11500:
11498:
11489:
11483:
11482:
11479:
11478:
11476:
11475:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11448:Proprioception
11444:
11442:
11436:
11435:
11432:
11431:
11429:
11428:
11427:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11380:
11378:
11374:
11373:
11371:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11339:
11337:
11331:
11330:
11328:
11327:
11322:
11320:Trigeminal (V)
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11291:
11289:
11278:
11277:
11275:
11274:
11269:
11264:
11259:
11254:
11249:
11243:
11241:
11235:
11234:
11232:
11231:
11226:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11200:
11198:
11196:Sensory organs
11189:
11180:
11174:
11173:
11170:
11169:
11167:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11130:
11128:
11122:
11121:
11119:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11092:
11090:
11081:
11071:
11070:
11059:
11058:
11051:
11044:
11036:
11027:
11026:
11024:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10996:Mental fatigue
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10962:
10960:
10956:
10955:
10953:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10931:
10929:
10923:
10922:
10920:
10919:
10914:
10913:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10856:
10855:
10845:
10839:
10837:
10831:
10830:
10828:
10827:
10822:
10821:
10820:
10815:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10769:
10768:
10758:
10753:
10748:
10743:
10737:
10735:
10729:
10728:
10723:
10722:
10715:
10708:
10700:
10691:
10690:
10688:
10687:
10675:
10670:
10665:
10659:
10656:
10655:
10653:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10622:
10620:Neuroesthetics
10617:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10600:Arts criticism
10597:
10592:
10586:
10584:
10580:
10579:
10577:
10576:
10566:
10556:
10546:
10536:
10526:
10516:
10506:
10496:
10486:
10476:
10470:On the Sublime
10466:
10456:
10446:
10435:
10433:
10429:
10428:
10426:
10425:
10420:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10341:
10336:
10334:Interpretation
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10250:
10249:
10244:
10234:
10229:
10227:Artistic merit
10224:
10219:
10214:
10208:
10206:
10202:
10201:
10199:
10198:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9915:
9913:
9909:
9908:
9906:
9905:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9876:Psychoanalysis
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9827:
9825:
9821:
9820:
9818:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9761:
9759:
9755:
9754:
9747:
9746:
9739:
9732:
9724:
9715:
9714:
9712:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9690:
9687:
9686:
9684:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9642:
9640:
9636:
9635:
9633:
9632:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9502:
9493:
9491:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9379:Constructivism
9376:
9370:
9368:
9362:
9361:
9359:
9358:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9329:Baruch Spinoza
9326:
9324:P. F. Strawson
9321:
9316:
9314:Susanna Siegel
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9289:W. V. O. Quine
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9189:Nelson Goodman
9186:
9181:
9179:Edmund Gettier
9176:
9171:
9166:
9164:René Descartes
9161:
9156:
9154:Gilles Deleuze
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9129:William Alston
9126:
9121:
9119:Thomas Aquinas
9115:
9113:
9107:
9106:
9099:
9098:
9091:
9084:
9076:
9067:
9066:
9064:
9063:
9051:
9040:
9037:
9036:
9034:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8967:
8965:
8964:Related topics
8961:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8947:
8937:
8931:Being and Time
8927:
8917:
8907:
8897:
8887:
8877:
8867:
8857:
8847:
8837:
8827:
8817:
8807:
8797:
8787:
8777:
8766:
8764:
8760:
8759:
8757:
8756:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8508:
8506:
8504:Metaphysicians
8500:
8499:
8497:
8496:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8323:
8322:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8260:
8258:Causal closure
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8132:Libertarianism
8129:
8124:
8119:
8117:Existentialism
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8078:
8076:
8072:
8071:
8064:
8063:
8056:
8049:
8041:
8035:
8032:
8031:
8022:
8021:
8010:
7999:
7993:
7983:
7977:
7969:
7968:External links
7966:
7965:
7964:
7956:
7942:
7935:
7920:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7865:
7839:
7813:
7786:(5): 939â973.
7766:
7739:(3): 461â488.
7719:
7693:
7670:
7663:
7635:
7616:
7596:
7577:
7550:
7531:
7508:
7489:
7466:
7415:
7362:
7303:
7270:
7237:
7204:
7190:
7188:. 2011.04.012.
7173:
7156:
7140:
7123:
7110:
7083:(1): 107â141.
7060:
7033:(1): 107â141.
7010:
7003:
6985:
6980:Science Direct
6924:
6917:
6886:
6818:
6805:
6785:
6759:(4): 359â370.
6734:
6680:
6652:
6639:
6613:(2): 218â233.
6590:
6579:
6559:
6542:
6529:
6480:
6461:
6441:
6422:
6402:
6383:
6360:
6341:
6318:
6299:
6279:
6272:
6254:
6247:
6229:
6220:
6209:
6187:
6167:
6148:
6128:
6109:
6089:
6070:
6041:
6022:
5999:
5980:
5960:
5909:
5896:
5850:
5827:
5820:
5802:
5777:
5752:
5726:
5677:
5628:
5609:(3): 252â271.
5589:
5586:. p. 508.
5574:
5529:
5522:
5514:The Ego Tunnel
5504:
5449:
5435:
5388:
5375:Lumen Waymaker
5362:
5313:
5287:
5236:
5193:
5186:
5164:
5145:
5115:
5102:
5083:
5057:
5000:
4981:
4962:
4943:
4918:
4900:
4874:
4855:
4832:
4813:
4806:
4784:
4733:
4706:(3): 342â368.
4690:
4669:(4): 299â302.
4649:
4630:
4603:
4577:
4526:
4469:
4430:(10): 5411â6.
4410:
4359:
4330:(2): 150â164.
4310:
4271:
4254:
4245:
4209:
4190:
4170:
4159:on 10 May 2011
4144:
4128:
4109:
4086:
4074:
4055:
4030:
4009:
3989:
3982:
3960:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3915:Visual routine
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3874:Proprioception
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3804:Cognitive bias
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3755:
3734:
3731:
3718:Rene Descartes
3710:Main article:
3707:
3704:
3642:perceptual set
3634:Main article:
3631:
3628:
3614:proprioception
3562:Main article:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3534:
3527:
3524:
3507:Intentionality
3498:Intentionality
3494:Intentionality
3469:Main article:
3466:
3463:
3436:Main article:
3433:
3430:
3423:The theory of
3420:
3417:
3365:
3362:
3313:
3310:
3304:perception is
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3211:Main article:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3187:
3174:
3162:
3149:
3142:visual texture
3128:
3076:Main article:
3073:
3070:
3036:Main article:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
2954:sensory system
2948:Sensory system
2946:Main article:
2943:
2940:
2874:
2871:
2853:, fullness of
2819:Main article:
2816:
2813:
2789:sexual arousal
2774:Main article:
2771:
2768:
2724:
2721:
2687:Main article:
2684:
2681:
2626:, the work of
2624:sensory system
2605:Main article:
2602:
2599:
2591:
2588:
2549:Main article:
2546:
2543:
2528:Main article:
2525:
2522:
2451:Main article:
2448:
2445:
2418:Main article:
2415:
2412:
2376:Main article:
2373:
2370:
2270:Main article:
2267:
2264:
2240:proprioception
2224:Main article:
2221:
2218:
2109:
2099:
2089:
2081:
2078:
2044:Main article:
2041:
2038:
2035:Cerebrum lobes
2028:
2025:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1921:
1918:
1871:
1868:
1801:quantitatively
1779:nervous system
1737:pressure waves
1729:odor molecules
1705:sensory system
1701:nervous system
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1619:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1463:Rodolfo LlinĂĄs
1460:
1458:Benjamin Libet
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:Donald O. Hebb
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
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1293:
1288:
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1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1157:Metaphysicians
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1085:Metaphilosophy
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
970:
969:
963:
962:
961:
960:
959:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
923:
922:
921:
911:
910:
909:
899:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
837:
836:
830:
829:
828:
827:
826:
825:
820:
810:
805:
800:
795:
794:
793:
788:
775:
774:
766:
760:
759:
758:
755:
754:
752:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
706:
703:
702:
694:
693:
687:
686:
678:
677:
675:
674:
667:
660:
652:
649:
648:
647:
646:
631:
630:
625:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
573:
572:
571:
566:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
468:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
301:
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258:
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245:
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230:
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220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
193:Cross-cultural
190:
185:
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173:
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159:
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144:
139:
133:
132:
131:
126:
125:
122:
121:
120:
119:
114:
109:
101:
100:
92:
91:
85:
84:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12328:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12283:
12281:
12260:
12257:
12256:
12254:
12250:
12240:
12237:
12235:
12232:
12230:
12227:
12225:
12224:Hallucination
12222:
12220:
12219:Derealization
12217:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12201:
12199:
12195:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12173:Asomatognosia
12171:
12170:
12168:
12164:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12150:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12139:
12137:
12133:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12111:Hyperesthesia
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12096:Astereognosis
12094:
12093:
12091:
12089:
12085:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12061:
12060:
12058:
12056:
12052:
12046:
12043:
12041:
12038:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12026:
12023:
12021:
12018:
12016:
12013:
12012:
12010:
12008:
12004:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11992:Labyrinthitis
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11974:
11972:
11970:
11966:
11960:
11957:
11955:
11952:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11940:
11937:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11906:
11904:
11902:
11898:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11879:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11804:
11802:
11800:
11796:
11793:
11789:
11779:
11776:
11774:
11771:
11770:
11768:
11766:
11762:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11747:
11745:
11743:
11739:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11719:
11717:
11715:
11714:Chemoreceptor
11711:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11676:
11674:
11672:Photoreceptor
11670:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11658:Slit sensilla
11656:
11654:
11651:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11620:
11618:
11616:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11601:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11577:
11575:
11573:
11569:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11554:
11552:
11550:
11546:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11502:
11501:
11499:
11497:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11484:
11474:
11473:Visceral pain
11471:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11445:
11443:
11441:
11437:
11425:
11424:thermoception
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11411:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11381:
11379:
11375:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11343:Visual cortex
11341:
11340:
11338:
11336:
11332:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11305:Olfactory (I)
11303:
11301:
11298:
11296:
11293:
11292:
11290:
11288:
11287:spinal nerves
11284:
11279:
11273:
11270:
11268:
11265:
11263:
11260:
11258:
11255:
11253:
11250:
11248:
11245:
11244:
11242:
11240:
11236:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11201:
11199:
11197:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11175:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11144:Consciousness
11142:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11132:
11131:
11129:
11127:
11123:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11093:
11091:
11089:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11072:
11068:
11064:
11057:
11052:
11050:
11045:
11043:
11038:
11037:
11034:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10963:
10961:
10957:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10935:Consolidation
10933:
10932:
10930:
10928:
10924:
10918:
10915:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10897:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10875:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10854:
10851:
10850:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10841:
10840:
10838:
10836:
10832:
10826:
10823:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10810:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10783:Consciousness
10781:
10779:
10778:Comprehension
10776:
10774:
10771:
10767:
10764:
10763:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10749:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10738:
10736:
10734:
10730:
10721:
10716:
10714:
10709:
10707:
10702:
10701:
10698:
10686:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10661:
10660:
10657:
10651:
10650:Theory of art
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10618:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10587:
10585:
10581:
10572:
10571:
10567:
10562:
10561:
10557:
10552:
10551:
10547:
10541:
10537:
10531:
10527:
10522:
10521:
10517:
10512:
10511:
10507:
10501:
10497:
10492:
10491:
10487:
10482:
10481:
10477:
10472:
10471:
10467:
10462:
10461:
10457:
10452:
10451:
10447:
10442:
10441:
10440:Hippias Major
10437:
10436:
10434:
10430:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10388:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10346:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10299:Entertainment
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10239:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10222:Art manifesto
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10212:Appropriation
10210:
10209:
10207:
10203:
10197:
10196:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10104:Merleau-Ponty
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9919:Abhinavagupta
9917:
9916:
9914:
9910:
9904:
9903:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9871:Postmodernism
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9828:
9826:
9822:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9762:
9760:
9756:
9752:
9745:
9740:
9738:
9733:
9731:
9726:
9725:
9722:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9691:
9688:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9643:
9641:
9637:
9631:
9630:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9568:Justification
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9507:
9503:
9501:
9499:
9495:
9494:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9444:Phenomenalism
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9434:NaĂŻve realism
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9384:Contextualism
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9367:
9363:
9357:
9356:
9352:
9350:
9349:Vienna Circle
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9284:Hilary Putnam
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9259:Robert Nozick
9257:
9255:
9254:John McDowell
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9214:Immanuel Kant
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9184:Alvin Goldman
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9112:
9108:
9104:
9097:
9092:
9090:
9085:
9083:
9078:
9077:
9074:
9062:
9052:
9050:
9042:
9041:
9038:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9006:Phenomenology
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8968:
8966:
8962:
8953:
8952:
8948:
8943:
8942:
8938:
8933:
8932:
8928:
8923:
8922:
8918:
8913:
8912:
8908:
8903:
8902:
8898:
8893:
8892:
8888:
8883:
8882:
8878:
8873:
8872:
8868:
8863:
8862:
8858:
8853:
8852:
8848:
8843:
8842:
8838:
8833:
8832:
8828:
8823:
8822:
8818:
8813:
8812:
8808:
8803:
8802:
8798:
8793:
8792:
8788:
8783:
8782:
8778:
8773:
8772:
8768:
8767:
8765:
8763:Notable works
8761:
8755:
8754:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8509:
8507:
8505:
8501:
8495:
8494:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8321:
8318:
8317:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8265:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8229:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8167:Phenomenalism
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8087:Action theory
8085:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8073:
8069:
8062:
8057:
8055:
8050:
8048:
8043:
8042:
8039:
8033:
8026:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8003:
8000:
7997:
7994:
7991:
7987:
7984:
7981:
7978:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7962:
7957:
7955:
7954:0-89859-959-8
7951:
7947:
7943:
7940:
7936:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7921:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7905:
7880:
7876:
7869:
7854:
7850:
7843:
7828:
7824:
7817:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7793:
7789:
7785:
7781:
7777:
7770:
7762:
7758:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7738:
7734:
7730:
7723:
7707:
7703:
7697:
7691:
7687:
7684:
7680:
7674:
7666:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7647:
7639:
7623:
7619:
7613:
7609:
7608:
7600:
7584:
7580:
7574:
7570:
7569:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7538:
7534:
7528:
7524:
7523:
7515:
7513:
7496:
7492:
7486:
7482:
7481:
7473:
7471:
7462:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7434:
7430:
7426:
7419:
7411:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7378:
7373:
7366:
7358:
7346:
7327:
7323:
7322:Elsevier Inc.
7316:
7315:
7307:
7298:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7274:
7265:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7248:
7241:
7232:
7227:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7208:
7201:
7194:
7187:
7183:
7177:
7170:
7166:
7160:
7154:
7150:
7144:
7137:
7133:
7127:
7120:
7114:
7106:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7067:
7065:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7017:
7015:
7006:
7000:
6996:
6989:
6981:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6947:(1): 97â136.
6946:
6942:
6935:
6928:
6920:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6884:
6882:
6877:
6870:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6825:
6823:
6815:
6809:
6802:
6798:
6795:
6789:
6778:
6774:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6753:
6745:
6738:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6722:Prentice Hall
6717:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6695:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6677:
6674:Basingstoke:
6673:
6669:
6667:
6662:
6656:
6649:
6643:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6586:
6582:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6563:
6556:
6552:
6546:
6539:
6533:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6484:
6468:
6464:
6458:
6454:
6453:
6445:
6429:
6425:
6419:
6415:
6414:
6406:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6376:
6375:
6367:
6365:
6348:
6344:
6338:
6335:. p. 1.
6334:
6333:
6325:
6323:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6292:
6291:
6283:
6275:
6269:
6265:
6258:
6250:
6244:
6240:
6233:
6224:
6216:
6212:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6191:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6171:
6155:
6151:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6132:
6116:
6112:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6093:
6077:
6073:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6046:
6029:
6025:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6006:
6004:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5973:
5972:
5964:
5956:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5913:
5906:
5900:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5875:10.1068/p7119
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5854:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5831:
5823:
5817:
5813:
5806:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5766:
5762:
5756:
5741:
5740:Abdominal Key
5737:
5730:
5722:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5681:
5673:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5632:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5593:
5585:
5578:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5545:(7): 480â92.
5544:
5540:
5533:
5525:
5519:
5515:
5508:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5453:
5445:
5439:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5414:10.1038/85191
5411:
5408:(3): 317â23.
5407:
5403:
5399:
5392:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5317:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5240:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5197:
5189:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5168:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5106:
5098:
5094:
5087:
5072:
5068:
5061:
5053:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4985:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4966:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4848:
4847:
4839:
4837:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4817:
4809:
4803:
4798:
4797:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4737:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4694:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4653:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4592:
4588:
4581:
4573:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4540:Front Psychol
4537:
4530:
4522:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4473:
4465:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4414:
4406:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4249:
4230:
4226:
4219:
4213:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4174:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4093:
4091:
4083:
4078:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3985:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3964:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3932:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:Introspection
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:Generic views
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3809:Cultural bias
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3730:
3727:
3726:Immanuel Kant
3723:
3719:
3713:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:playing cards
3665:
3661:
3658:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3644:(also called
3643:
3637:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3443:Anne Treisman
3439:
3429:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3412:prosopagnosia
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:metabolically
3394:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3382:fiddler crabs
3379:
3375:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3240:Wilhelm Wundt
3237:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:states that,
3118:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3039:
3024:
3022:
3021:interoception
3018:
3014:
3010:
3009:visual system
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:Fechner's law
2925:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2747:temporal lobe
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2698:schizophrenia
2695:
2690:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2644:basal ganglia
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2628:psychologists
2625:
2621:
2620:sense of time
2617:
2613:
2612:Chronoception
2608:
2598:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2487:Reverberation
2484:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2344:of the nose;
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2236:somatosensory
2233:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:temporal lobe
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2177:includes the
2176:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2133:by detecting
2132:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2106:
2103: Red is
2096:
2086:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2047:
2033:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2013:
1998:
1997:environmental
1994:
1993:The Situation
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:The Perceiver
1963:
1962:
1961:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:Jerome Bruner
1930:Psychologist
1927:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1883:distal object
1880:
1878:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:Psychophysics
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:striking the
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Brenda Milner
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:Alan Baddeley
1391:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Consciousness
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:Brain regions
1239:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:Phenomenology
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
972:
971:
968:
965:
964:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
927:
924:
920:
917:
916:
915:
912:
908:
905:
904:
903:
900:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
863:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
844:
841:
840:
839:
838:
835:
832:
831:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
792:
791:Ancient Greek
789:
787:
784:
783:
782:
779:
778:
777:
776:
773:
770:
769:
763:
757:
756:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
719:
708:
707:
705:
704:
700:
696:
695:
692:
689:
688:
684:
683:
673:
668:
666:
661:
659:
654:
653:
651:
650:
645:
635:
634:
633:
632:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
597:Psychologists
595:
593:
590:
588:
587:Organizations
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
569:
564:
563:
556:
555:Psychometrics
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
515:Consciousness
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
476:
475:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
435:Psychotherapy
433:
431:
430:Psychometrics
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
297:
292:
291:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
203:Developmental
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
182:
179:
178:
177:
174:
172:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
134:
129:
124:
123:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
103:
102:
98:
94:
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87:
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82:
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71:
66:
59:
55:
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12157:Phantom pain
12142:Hyperalgesia
12116:Hypoesthesia
11934:Hearing loss
11755:TRP channels
11732:Osmoreceptor
11699:Photopigment
11623:Baroreceptor
11562:Gravitropism
11534:Frog hearing
11514:Echolocation
11310:Facial (VII)
11125:
11066:
10834:
10568:
10558:
10548:
10518:
10508:
10488:
10478:
10468:
10458:
10448:
10438:
10385:
10370:
10361:Magnificence
10343:
10193:
10159:Schopenhauer
9994:Coomaraswamy
9912:Philosophers
9900:
9831:Aestheticism
9627:
9597:
9528:Common sense
9506:A posteriori
9505:
9497:
9459:Reductionism
9353:
9304:Gilbert Ryle
9174:Fred Dretske
9159:Keith DeRose
9103:Epistemology
8981:Epistemology
8949:
8939:
8929:
8919:
8909:
8899:
8889:
8879:
8869:
8859:
8849:
8839:
8829:
8819:
8809:
8799:
8791:NyÄya SĆ«tras
8789:
8779:
8769:
8751:
8667:Wittgenstein
8612:Schopenhauer
8491:
8482:Unobservable
8396:
8332:Intelligence
8262:
8202:Subjectivism
8197:Spiritualism
8112:Essentialism
8092:Anti-realism
8016:
8005:
7990:Michael Bach
7945:
7938:
7927:
7908:
7902:Bibliography
7883:, retrieved
7878:
7868:
7857:, retrieved
7852:
7842:
7831:, retrieved
7826:
7816:
7783:
7779:
7769:
7736:
7732:
7722:
7710:. Retrieved
7706:the original
7696:
7678:
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7606:
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7567:
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7313:
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7026:
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6988:
6973:the original
6944:
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6834:
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6788:
6777:the original
6756:
6750:
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6671:
6664:
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6451:
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6432:. Retrieved
6412:
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6373:
6351:. Retrieved
6331:
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6289:
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6170:
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6138:
6131:
6119:. Retrieved
6099:
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6080:. Retrieved
6061:
6032:. Retrieved
6012:
5990:. Retrieved
5970:
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5789:
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5764:
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5743:. Retrieved
5739:
5729:
5694:
5690:
5680:
5645:
5641:
5631:
5606:
5602:
5592:
5584:Being No One
5583:
5577:
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5374:
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5299:
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5128:
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5086:
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5070:
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4953:. Retrieved
4933:
4903:
4891:. Retrieved
4887:the original
4877:
4865:. Retrieved
4845:
4816:
4795:
4787:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4703:
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4666:
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4640:. Retrieved
4621:
4594:. Retrieved
4590:
4580:
4543:
4539:
4529:
4489:(1): 15110.
4486:
4482:
4472:
4427:
4423:
4413:
4376:
4373:Front Neurol
4372:
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4313:
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4262:
4257:
4248:
4236:. Retrieved
4229:the original
4224:
4212:
4200:. Retrieved
4180:
4173:
4161:. Retrieved
4157:the original
4147:
4139:
4119:. Retrieved
4099:
4077:
4065:. Retrieved
4045:
3971:
3963:
3951:. Retrieved
3947:
3715:
3697:
3689:
3683:
3678:Philosopher
3677:
3666:
3662:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3624:
3612:
3567:
3474:
3455:
3447:
3441:
3422:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3395:
3367:
3357:
3351:
3337:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3281:
3277:mental model
3263:
3245:firing rates
3233:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3202:
3190:
3180:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3155:
3151:
3134:
3130:
3114:
3110:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3053:
3047:
3042:
3041:
2994:
2953:
2951:
2920:quantitative
2917:
2914:
2895:
2876:
2833:, including
2831:acceleration
2827:body balance
2824:
2815:Other senses
2779:
2760:
2755:Firing rates
2744:
2736:recollection
2735:
2731:
2726:
2713:
2705:pathological
2703:Even in non-
2702:
2693:
2692:
2664:One or more
2663:
2655:
2610:
2593:
2570:. Increased
2561:
2556:
2554:
2545:Social touch
2534:
2533:
2502:
2491:
2472:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2423:
2404:subconscious
2400:
2381:
2363:
2357:
2307:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2277:
2275:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2231:
2229:
2214:superimposed
2211:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2126:
2121:
2074:
2058:
2049:
2017:
2010:
2007:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1964:
1959:
1929:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:transduction
1886:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1860:sensory maps
1848:
1825:
1776:
1741:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1488:Oliver Sacks
1453:Muriel Lezak
1448:Edith Kaplan
1413:Phineas Gage
1357:
1271:Neuroanatomy
1129:Philosophers
1037:Epistemology
858:South Africa
813:Contemporary
762:Philosophies
540:Intelligence
271:Quantitative
238:Mathematical
233:Intelligence
223:Experimental
218:Evolutionary
208:Differential
45:
29:
12239:Synesthesia
12147:Hypoalgesia
12121:Paresthesia
12106:Formication
12101:CMT disease
12068:Hypergeusia
11891:Visual snow
11866:Photophobia
11861:Papilledema
11851:Oscillopsia
11837:Hemeralopia
11704:Aureochrome
11539:Toad vision
11463:Suffocation
11377:Perceptions
10825:Prospection
10798:Imagination
10761:Forecasting
10741:Association
10454:(c. 335 BC)
10444:(c. 390 BC)
10423:Work of art
10376:Picturesque
10232:Avant-garde
10189:Winckelmann
10064:Kierkegaard
9989:Collingwood
9959:Baudrillard
9886:Romanticism
9856:Historicism
9790:Mathematics
9608:Proposition
9578:Objectivity
9464:Reliabilism
9454:Rationalism
9399:Fallibilism
9374:Coherentism
9319:Ernest Sosa
9294:Thomas Reid
9279:James Pryor
9249:G. E. Moore
9239:David Lewis
9229:Saul Kripke
9224:Peter Klein
9204:Susan Haack
9134:Robert Audi
8811:Metaphysics
8795:(c. 200 BC)
8785:(c. 350 BC)
8775:(c. 350 BC)
8662:Collingwood
8567:Malebranche
8315:Information
8243:Anima mundi
8222:Type theory
8177:Physicalism
8142:Materialism
8097:Determinism
8068:Metaphysics
7885:11 November
7859:11 November
7833:11 November
7712:24 February
7353:|work=
7290:(4): 1â17.
7257:(4): 1â17.
6058:"Constancy"
5691:Hippocampus
5076:11 December
4291:(1): 3â21.
4263:Explorable.
3829:Ideasthesia
3601:mindfulness
3370:Jerry Fodor
3341:desired or
3323:invariants,
3182:common fate
3177:Common Fate
3146:resemblance
2990:transducers
2924:Weber's law
2887:esemplastic
2843:suffocation
2732:familiarity
2723:Familiarity
2539:human faces
2440:spectrogram
2408:instinctive
2201:within the
2189:); and the
2151:frequencies
1856:modular way
1819:, smell or
1756:expectation
1581:Stroop Test
1483:Pasko Rakic
1443:Eric Kandel
1266:Human brain
1052:Metaphysics
967:By religion
823:Continental
803:Renaissance
582:Disciplines
455:Suicidology
350:Educational
305:Anomalistic
281:Theoretical
256:Personality
188:Comparative
171:Cognitivism
162:Behaviorism
54:Necker cube
12286:Perception
12280:Categories
12259:Pareidolia
12214:Allochiria
12197:Multimodal
12078:Parageusia
12073:Hypogeusia
12045:Phantosmia
12025:Hyperosmia
11969:Vestibular
11949:Palinopsia
11909:Amblyaudia
11856:Palinopsia
11841:Nyctalopia
11765:Nociceptor
11572:Artificial
11295:Optic (II)
11126:Perception
11075:Processes
11067:perception
11006:Mental set
10885:Peripheral
10835:Perception
10818:strategies
10393:Recreation
10371:Perception
10264:Creativity
9964:Baumgarten
9954:Baudelaire
9836:Classicism
9751:Aesthetics
9709:Discussion
9699:Task Force
9618:Simplicity
9598:Perception
9474:Skepticism
9449:Positivism
9424:Infinitism
9389:Empiricism
9244:John Locke
9209:David Hume
9199:Anil Gupta
9194:Paul Grice
9169:John Dewey
9139:A. J. Ayer
8871:Monadology
8805:(c. 80 BC)
8512:Parmenides
8397:Perception
8295:Experience
8182:Relativism
8157:Naturalism
8107:Enactivism
7311:Sumner M.
7224:(1): 156.
6843:: e12830.
6176:Psychology
6013:Psychology
5863:Perception
5859:Bedford FL
5327:J Neurosci
4618:"Audition"
4596:22 January
4379:: 661938.
3972:Psychology
3922:References
3905:Simulation
3859:Pareidolia
3765:Psychology
3753:Philosophy
3706:Philosophy
3693:processes)
3680:Andy Clark
3657:motivation
3648:or simply
3609:meditation
3532:Enactivism
3273:sensations
3236:John Locke
3136:similarity
3131:Similarity
3092:psychology
2942:Physiology
2938:approach.
2898:camouflage
2879:mind's eye
2847:gag reflex
2809:corpuscles
2640:cerebellum
2505:morphology
2359:appetitive
2314:bitterness
2295:taste buds
2246:Professor
2183:middle ear
2179:outer ears
2167:infrasonic
2161:ultrasonic
2135:vibrations
2105:middle ear
2020:Rubin vase
1983:The Target
1977:experience
1975:, and (3)
1924:See also:
1840:hypothesis
1683:(from
1681:Perception
1403:David Bohm
1358:Perception
1060:Aesthetics
749:Categories
691:Philosophy
510:Competence
375:Humanistic
355:Ergonomics
340:Counseling
315:Assessment
252:Perception
213:Ecological
89:Psychology
58:Rubin vase
12055:Gustatory
12007:Olfactory
11871:Photopsia
11817:Amaurosis
11791:Disorders
11684:Cone cell
11603:Types of
11214:Inner ear
11149:Cognition
11139:Awareness
11088:Sensation
11063:Sensation
10981:Intention
10966:Attention
10900:Harmonics
10853:RGB model
10803:Intuition
10773:Foresight
10766:affective
10746:Awareness
10733:Cognition
10398:Reverence
10304:Eroticism
10274:Depiction
10247:Masculine
10149:Santayana
10109:Nietzsche
10054:Hutcheson
10044:Heidegger
10029:Greenberg
9984:Coleridge
9949:Balthasar
9934:Aristotle
9896:Theosophy
9891:Symbolism
9866:Modernism
9851:Formalism
9573:Knowledge
9558:Induction
9508:knowledge
9500:knowledge
9031:Teleology
8996:Mereology
8976:Cosmology
8835:(c. 1000)
8732:Plantinga
8722:Armstrong
8672:Heidegger
8647:Whitehead
8632:Nietzsche
8552:Descartes
8522:Aristotle
8477:Universal
8407:Principle
8377:Necessity
8337:Intention
8290:Existence
8253:Causality
8192:Solipsism
8122:Free will
7800:0140-525X
7753:0008-4255
7355:ignored (
7345:cite book
6881:CC BY 4.0
5547:CiteSeerX
4305:0033-295X
3927:Citations
3849:Near sets
3784:Apophenia
3590:Empirical
3570:organisms
3338:invariant
3192:good form
3186:obscured.
3116:proximity
3111:Proximity
3032:Constancy
2986:olfaction
2980:(touch),
2657:ultradian
2513:semantics
2511:, and/or
2467:phonetics
2378:Olfaction
2322:saltiness
2310:sweetness
2292:, called
2278:gustation
2191:inner ear
2115:inner ear
2095:outer ear
1828:illusions
1786:awareness
1783:conscious
1772:attention
1768:knowledge
1760:attention
1735:involves
1711:involves
1691:perceptio
1518:(patient)
1318:Attention
1152:Logicians
1147:Ethicists
1105:Political
1065:Education
986:Christian
981:Confucian
880:Indonesia
834:By region
772:By period
505:Cognition
420:Political
330:Community
167:Cognitive
117:Subfields
12040:Parosmia
12030:Hyposmia
12020:Dysosmia
11959:Tinnitus
11901:Auditory
11876:Polyopia
11832:Diplopia
11689:Rod cell
11487:Nonhuman
11440:Internal
11281:Sensory
11187:External
11096:Stimulus
11079:concepts
11021:Volition
11011:Thinking
10991:Learning
10940:Encoding
10673:Category
10605:Axiology
10474:(c. 500)
10464:(c. 100)
10339:Judgment
10294:Emotions
10289:Elegance
10269:Cuteness
10242:Feminine
10205:Concepts
10174:Tanizaki
10154:Schiller
10139:Richards
10129:RanciĂšre
10099:Maritain
10034:Hanslick
9974:Benjamin
9846:Feminism
9815:Theology
9795:Medieval
9785:Japanese
9780:Internet
9694:Category
9513:Analysis
9498:A priori
9489:Concepts
9429:Innatism
9366:Theories
9049:Category
8971:Axiology
8825:(c.â270)
8753:more ...
8707:Anscombe
8702:Strawson
8697:Davidson
8592:Berkeley
8532:Plotinus
8493:more ...
8432:Relation
8412:Property
8387:Ontology
8310:Identity
8231:Concepts
8162:Nihilism
8127:Idealism
8075:Theories
7808:12239892
7686:Archived
7683:Yorku.ca
7628:24 March
7622:Archived
7589:24 March
7583:Archived
7543:24 March
7537:Archived
7501:24 March
7495:Archived
7461:26582982
7410:25278866
7326:Archived
7324:, 2009.
7105:11201516
7055:11201516
6883:license.
6869:27159238
6797:Archived
6773:14028152
6724:. 2003.
6631:Archived
6585:Archived
6524:16732916
6516:17178409
6473:24 March
6467:Archived
6434:24 March
6428:Archived
6395:24 March
6389:Archived
6353:24 March
6347:Archived
6311:24 March
6305:Archived
6160:24 March
6154:Archived
6121:24 March
6115:Archived
6082:26 March
6076:Archived
6034:24 March
6028:Archived
5992:24 March
5986:Archived
5955:26106345
5883:22308900
5838:Archived
5721:27398938
5672:26424881
5569:10424155
5495:24198770
5422:11224550
5357:27225773
5282:30356740
5231:12111361
5223:17317056
5157:26 March
5151:Archived
5052:20603363
4992:Archived
4973:Archived
4955:26 March
4949:Archived
4913:Archived
4893:26 March
4867:26 March
4861:Archived
4824:Archived
4771:11473320
4642:26 March
4636:Archived
4572:23515395
4521:31641196
4405:34093409
4354:20152123
4202:25 March
4196:Archived
4163:24 March
4121:26 March
4115:Archived
4067:25 March
4061:Archived
3733:See also
3691:learning
3593:research
3582:learning
3578:Research
3576:sphere.
3301:paradigm
3255:Theories
3100:perceive
3027:Features
2936:holistic
2910:eyespots
2785:stimulus
2517:phonemes
2494:audition
2365:aversive
2318:sourness
2127:audition
1879:stimulus
1748:learning
1363:Planning
1343:Learning
1261:Dementia
1110:Religion
1095:Ontology
1075:Language
1029:Branches
976:Buddhist
931:American
853:Ethiopia
818:Analytic
798:Medieval
739:Glossary
724:Contents
617:Timeline
530:Feelings
525:Emotions
485:Behavior
479:Concepts
440:Religion
425:Positive
415:Pastoral
400:Military
365:Forensic
360:Feminist
345:Critical
335:Consumer
325:Coaching
320:Clinical
198:Cultural
137:Abnormal
12209:Agnosia
12088:Tactile
12063:Ageusia
12015:Anosmia
11977:Vertigo
11881:Scotoma
11822:Anopsia
11283:cranial
11154:Feeling
10945:Storage
10813:methods
10668:Outline
10583:Related
10450:Poetics
10418:Tragedy
10408:Sublime
10381:Quality
10366:Mimesis
10324:Harmony
10309:Fashion
10284:Ecstasy
10279:Disgust
10195:more...
10164:Scruton
10089:Lyotard
10024:Goodman
10004:Deleuze
9939:Aquinas
9929:Alberti
9902:more...
9881:Realism
9861:Marxism
9841:Fascism
9824:Schools
9810:Science
9765:Ancient
9629:more...
9409:Fideism
9355:more...
8821:Enneads
8815:(c. 50)
8781:Timaeus
8771:Sophist
8717:Dummett
8712:Deleuze
8652:Russell
8642:Bergson
8637:Meinong
8617:Bolzano
8577:Leibniz
8557:Spinoza
8542:Aquinas
8527:Proclus
8457:Thought
8447:Subject
8427:Reality
8422:Quality
8392:Pattern
8352:Meaning
8327:Insight
8285:Essence
8270:Concept
8172:Realism
8137:Liberty
8102:Dualism
7897:Sources
7761:1486554
7452:4628108
7435:: 594.
7401:4166896
7384:: 734.
7097:7053925
7047:7053925
6961:7351125
6860:4913359
6627:2107193
5946:4460802
5929:: 763.
5891:9546850
5745:13 July
5712:5082501
5663:4588607
5623:2166238
5486:3813949
5430:3570715
5381:8 March
5348:4879201
5306:8 March
5274:5409744
5254:Bibcode
5246:Science
5133:Bibcode
5043:2944383
5022:Bibcode
4779:4413295
4751:Bibcode
4728:3157751
4720:3608405
4685:4034346
4563:3600774
4512:6806000
4491:Bibcode
4483:Sci Rep
4464:9144251
4432:Bibcode
4396:8175861
4345:3717333
4238:8 March
3819:Feeling
3739:Portals
3605:Tai Chi
3586:sensory
3358:percept
3157:closure
3152:Closure
3125:stimuli
2974:hearing
2958:sensory
2902:mimicry
2873:Reality
2835:gravity
2783:is any
2763:lesions
2740:deja vu
2668:in the
2410:level.
2346:texture
2148:audible
2137:(i.e.,
2123:Hearing
1951:target.
1947:target.
1897:percept
1844:science
1744:signals
1733:hearing
1719:of the
1697:sensory
1373:Thought
1313:Arousal
1115:Science
1070:History
996:Islamic
956:Russian
951:Italian
936:British
926:Western
919:Iranian
895:Vietnam
870:Chinese
843:African
781:Ancient
744:History
729:Outline
592:Outline
465:Traffic
460:Systems
395:Medical
228:Gestalt
112:History
107:Outline
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11799:Visual
11750:Cilium
11496:Animal
11468:Nausea
11458:Thirst
11453:Hunger
11325:Spinal
11164:Qualia
10950:Recall
10927:Memory
10917:Visual
10910:Speech
10890:Social
10870:Haptic
10843:Amodal
10574:(2009)
10564:(1977)
10554:(1946)
10544:(1939)
10534:(1935)
10524:(1934)
10514:(1933)
10504:(1891)
10494:(1835)
10484:(1757)
10351:Kitsch
10329:Humour
10259:Comedy
10237:Beauty
10179:Vasari
10169:Tagore
10144:Ruskin
10084:LukĂĄcs
10074:Langer
10019:Goethe
9944:BalĂĄzs
9924:Adorno
9805:Nature
9770:Africa
9523:Belief
9419:Holism
8955:(1981)
8945:(1943)
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