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corpses, they are 'out of sight, out of mind.' In the end, what would you gain from everlasting remembrance? Absolutely nothing. So what is left worth living for? This alone: justice in thought, goodness in action, speech that cannot deceive, and a disposition glad of whatever comes, welcoming it as necessary, as familiar, as flowing from the same source and fountain as yourself.
706:"as much intensity of feeling...as in most of the nobler modern books of religion, only a sterner power controlling it." "People fail to understand Marcus," he writes, "not because of his lack of self-expression, but because it is hard for most men to breathe at that intense height of spiritual life, or, at least, to breathe soberly."
378:, writing in the mid-3rd century, makes mention of Marcus' literary legacy, saying "He was concerned with all aspects of excellence, and in his love of ancient literature he was second to no man, Roman or Greek; this is evident from all his sayings and writings which have come down to us", a passage which may refer to the
1061:, that pain is never unbearable or unending, so you can remember these limits and not add to them in your imagination. Remember too that many common annoyances are pain in disguise, such as sleepiness, fever and loss of appetite. When they start to get you down, tell yourself you are giving in to pain.
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Enough of this miserable, whining life. Stop monkeying around! Why are you troubled? What’s new here? What’s so confounding? The one responsible? Take a good look. Or just the matter itself? Then look at that. There’s nothing else to look at. And as far as the gods go, by now you could try being more
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All things are interwoven with one another; a sacred bond unites them; there is scarcely one thing that is isolated from another. Everything is coordinated, everything works together in giving form to one universe. The world-order is a unity made up of multiplicity: God is one, pervading all things;
999:
What if someone despises me? Let me see to it. But I will see to it that I won't be found doing or saying anything contemptible. What if someone hates me? Let me see to that. But I will see to it that I'm kind and good-natured to all, and prepared to show even the hater where they went wrong. Not in
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His Stoic ideas often involve avoiding indulgence in sensory affections, a skill which will free a man from the pains and pleasures of the material world. He claims that the only way a man can be harmed by others is to allow his reaction to overpower him. An internal orderly and rational nature, or
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Keep this thought handy when you feel a bit of rage coming on – it isn't manly to be enraged. Rather, gentleness and civility are more human, and therefore manlier. A real person doesn't give way to anger and discontent, and such a person has strength, courage, and endurance – unlike the angry and
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A person who doesn't know what the universe is doesn't know who they are. A person who doesn't know their purpose in life doesn't know who they are or what the universe is. A person who doesn't know any of these things doesn't know why they are here. So what to make of people who seek or avoid the
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Be like a rocky promontory against which the restless surf continually pounds; it stands fast while the churning sea is lulled to sleep at its feet. I hear you say, "How unlucky that this should happen to me!" Not at all! Say instead, "How lucky that I am not broken by what has happened and am not
317:
is divided into 12 books that chronicle different periods of
Aurelius' life. The passages in each book are not necessarily in chronological order, seeing as they were written as Aurelius' own personal musings. The style of writing that permeates the text is one that is simplified, straightforward,
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When you wake up in the morning, tell yourself: The people I deal with today will be meddling, ungrateful, arrogant, dishonest, jealous, and surly. They are like this because they can't tell good from evil. But I have seen the beauty of good, and the ugliness of evil, and have recognized that the
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Don't tell yourself anything more than what the initial impressions report. It's been reported to you that someone is speaking badly about you. This is the report – the report wasn't that you've been harmed. I see that my son is sick – but not that his life is at risk. So always stay within your
338:
Aurelius advocates finding one's place in the universe and sees that everything came from nature, and so everything shall return to it in due time. Another strong theme is of maintaining focus and to be without distraction all the while maintaining strong ethical principles such as "Being a good
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are less spoken of now than they were in their own days. For all things fade away, become the stuff of legend, and are soon buried in oblivion. Mind you, this is true only for those who blazed once like bright stars in the firmament, but for the rest, as soon as a few clods of earth cover their
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You have the power to strip away many superfluous troubles located wholly in your judgment, and to possess a large room for yourself embracing in thought the whole cosmos, to consider everlasting time, to think of the rapid change in the parts of each thing, of how short it is from birth until
461:, with a letter saying: "I have had for some time an old copy of the Emperor Marcus' most profitable book, so old indeed that it is altogether falling to pieces.… This I have had copied and am able to hand down to posterity in its new dress." Arethas also mentions the work in marginal notes (
288:
It is unlikely that Marcus
Aurelius ever intended the writings to be published. The work has no official title, so "Meditations" is one of several titles commonly assigned to the collection. These writings take the form of quotations varying in length from one sentence to long paragraphs.
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As for others whose lives are not so ordered, he reminds himself constantly of the characters they exhibit daily and nightly at home and abroad, and of the sort of society they frequent; and the approval of such men, who do not even stand well in their own eyes has no value for
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are now. The next thing to do – consider carefully the task at hand for what it is, while remembering that your purpose is to be a good human being. Get straight to doing what nature requires of you, and speak as you see most just and fitting – with kindness, modesty, and
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Do not then consider life a thing of any value. For look at the immensity of time behind thee, and to the time which is before thee, another boundless space. In this infinity then what is the difference between him who lives three days and him who lives three
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I'm constantly amazed by how easily we love ourselves above all others, yet we put more stock in the opinions of others than in our own estimation of self....How much credence we give to the opinions our peers have of us and how little to our very
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Not to feel exasperated or defeated or despondent because your days aren't packed with wise and moral actions. But to get back up when you fail, to celebrate behaving like a human—however imperfectly—and fully embrace the pursuit you've embarked
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Whenever you suffer pain, keep in mind that it's nothing to be ashamed of and that it can't degrade your guiding intelligence, nor keep it from acting rationally and for the common good. And in most cases you should be helped by the saying of
539:
is thereafter quoted in many Greek compilations from the 14th to 16th centuries. This, specifically after the fall of
Constantinople in 1453, as it was among the Greek texts reintroduced by fleeing scholars to European intellectual circles.
483:), and it was this title which the book bore in the manuscript from which the first printed edition was made in the 16th century. Arethas' own copy has now vanished, but it is thought to be the likely ancestor of the surviving manuscripts.
725:." "We can't be happy, but we can be good; let us therefore pretend that, so long as we are good, it doesn't matter being unhappy." Both Russell and Rees find an element of Marcus' Stoic philosophy in the philosophical system of
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all being is one, all law is one (namely, the common reason which all thinking persons possess) and all truth is one– if, as we believe, there can be but one path to perfection for beings that are alike in kind and reason.
752:
called Marcus
Aurelius "the noblest of all the men who, by sheer intelligence and force of character, have prized and achieved goodness for its own sake and not for any reward." Gregory Hays' translation of
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Never regard something as doing you good if it makes you betray a trust or lose your sense of shame or makes you show hatred, suspicion, ill-will or hypocrisy or a desire for things best done behind closed
431:, a work dating to the 10th century but containing much earlier material. The anthology contains an epigram dedicated to "the Book of Marcus". It has been proposed that this epigram was written by the
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In your actions, don't procrastinate. In your conversations, don't confuse. In your thoughts, don't wander. In your soul, don't be passive or aggressive. In your life, don't be all about business.
680:
Marcus
Aurelius has been lauded for his capacity "to write down what was in his heart just as it was, not obscured by any consciousness of the presence of listeners or any striving after effect."
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Through him I became acquainted with the conception of a community based on equality and freedom of speech for all, and of a monarchy concerned primarily to uphold the liberty of the subject.
362:. This allows one to rise above faulty perceptions of "good" and "bad"—things out of your control like fame and wealth are (unlike things in your control) irrelevant and neither good nor bad.
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Whatever happens to you has been waiting to happen since the beginning of time. The twining strands of fate wove both of them together: your own existence and the things that happen to you.
451:
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suggests the books may also have been written for mental stimulation, as
Aurelius was removed from the cultural and intellectual life of Rome for the first time in his life. Source:
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The first thing to do – don't get worked up. For everything happens according to the nature of all things, and in a short time you'll be nobody and nowhere even as the great emperors
1261:. By 1568, when Xylander completed his second edition, he no longer had access to the source and it has been lost ever since. The first English translation was published in 1634 by
620:
was added a Latin translation by
Xylander who also included brief notes. Conrad Gesner stated in his dedicatory letter that he "received the books of Marcus from the gifted poet
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Drama, combat, terror, numbness, and subservience – every day these things wipe out your sacred principles, whenever your mind entertains them uncritically or lets them slip in.
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A cucumber is bitter. Throw it away. There are briars in the road. Turn aside from them. This is enough. Do not add, "And why were such things made in the world?"
838:
If thou art pained by any external thing, it is not this that disturbs thee, but thy own judgment about it. And it is in thy power to wipe out this judgment now.
795:, the former Prime Minister of China, has said that he has read the Meditations a hundred times. He also stated that he was "very deeply impressed" by the work.
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Does the light of a lamp shine and keep its glow until its fuel is spent? Why shouldn't your truth, justice, and self-control shine until you are extinguished?
909:
Let opinion be taken away, and no man will think himself wronged. If no man shall think himself wronged, then is there no more any such thing as wrong.
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in 1683. This is a 14th-century manuscript which survives in a very corrupt state, and about forty-two lines have dropped out by accidental omissions.
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found them contradictory and inconsistent, evidence of a "tired age" where "even real goods lose their savour." Using Marcus as an example of greater
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afraid of what is about to happen. The same blow might have struck anyone, but not many would have absorbed it without capitulation or complaint."
2908:
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Soon you'll be ashes or bones. A mere name at most—and even that is just a sound, an echo. The things we want in life are empty, stale, trivial.
1291:
Meditations of the
Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, a new translation from the Greek original, with a Life, Notes, &c., by R. Graves
1011:
Do not act as if thou wert going to live ten thousand years. Death hangs over thee. While thou livest, while it is in thy power, be good.
508:) of his own life by Marcus the Emperor in twelve books," which is the first mention of a division of the work into twelve books. The
192:
1555:'s many writings in what he calls 'the common dialect' are another excellent example of non-atticizing but highly educated Greek."
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is that the manuscript from which it was printed is now lost, so that it is one of the two principal sources of all modern texts.
1187:
wrongdoer has a nature related to my own—not of the same blood or birth, but the same mind, and possessing a share of the divine.
128:
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Marcus
Aurelius Antoninus to Himself: an English translation with introductory study on stoicism and the last of the Stoics
2021:
Mac
Suibhne, S. (2009). "'Wrestle to be the man philosophy wished to make you': Marcus Aurelius, reflective practitioner".
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261:, where he spent much time planning military campaigns from 170 to 180. Some of it was written while he was positioned at
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Marcus Aurelius wrote the following about Severus (a person who is not clearly identifiable according to the footnote):
519:, a grammarian of Constantinople, quotes passages from Books IV and V attributing them to Marcus. About 200 years later
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as a source for his own guidance and self-improvement. It is possible that large portions of the work were written at
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straightforward and kind. It’s the same, whether you’ve examined these things for a hundred years, or only three.
446:(c. 860–935), a bishop who was a great collector of manuscripts. At some date before 907 he sent a volume of the
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Take away your opinion, and there is taken away the complaint, Take away the complaint, and the hurt is gone
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is unknown, and its earliest clear mention by another writer dates from the early 10th century. The historian
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Words that everyone once used are now obsolete, and so are the men whose names were once on everyone's lips:
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702:. Though Murray criticizes Marcus for the "harshness and plainness of his literary style", he finds in his
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writes that "Marcus Antoninus composed a book for the education of his son Marcus , full of all worldly (
20:
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Other manuscripts are of little independent value for reconstructing the text. The main ones are the
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is the importance of analyzing one's judgment of self and others and developing a cosmic perspective:
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and his cousin Andreas in 1559. Both it and the accompanying Latin translation were produced by
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throughout his deployments as a Marine Corps officer in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan and Iraq.
211:
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713:"unendingly moving and inspiring," but does not offer them up as works of original philosophy.
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in case something should befall him, but he instead "for three days discussed the books of his
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393:, thought to have been written in the 4th century, records that before Marcus set out on the
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dissolution, and how the void before birth and that after dissolution are equally infinite.
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first impressions, and don't add to them in your head – this way nothing can happen to you.
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425:) of Marcus." Another possible reference is in the collection of Greek poems known as the
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by Seamus Mac Suibhne. It has been described as "a favorite" of United States President
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Wolf, Edita. 2016. "Others as Matter of Indifference in Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations."
2038:
1946:
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818:
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427:
2474:, a new translation from the Greek original, with a Life, Notes, &c., by R. Graves
807:"Everything is only for a day, both that which remembers and that which is remembered"
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Kraye, Jill. 2012. "Marcus Aurelius and Neostoicism in Early Modern Philosophy." In
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Put an end once for all to this discussion of what a good man should be, and be one.
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complaining. The nearer a man comes to a calm mind, the closer he is to strength.
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Shame on the soul, to falter on the road of life while the body still perseveres.
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makes use of some thirty quotations taken from books I, III, IV, V, IX, and XI.
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The present-day text is based almost entirely upon two manuscripts. One is the
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The Daily Stoic: 366 Meditations on Wisdom, Perseverance and the Art of Living
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Often injustice lies in what you aren't doing, not only in what you are doing.
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philosophy, he found the Stoic ethical philosophy to contain an element of "
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The Climax of Rome: The Final Achievements of the Ancient World, AD 161–337
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A little flesh, a little breath, and a Reason to rule all – that is myself.
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This article is about the writings by Marcus Aurelius. For other uses, see
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How to Think Like a Roman Emperor: The Stoic Philosophy of Marcus Aurelius
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Ceporina, Matteo (2012), "The Meditations", in Marcel van Ackeren (ed.),
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570:(T), first published in 1558/9 but now lost. The other manuscript is the
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from AD 161 to 180, recording his private notes to himself and ideas on
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Rees, D. A. 2000. "Joseph Bryennius and Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations."
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Dickson, Keith. 2009. "Oneself as Others: Aurelius and Autobiography."
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a critical way, or to show off my patience, but genuinely and usefully.
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305:, in modern Hungary – one of the sites where Marcus Aurelius worked on
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The Thoughts of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, by George Long
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Gill, Christopher. 2012. "Marcus and Previous Stoic Literature." In
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234:'things to one's self') is a series of personal writings by
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1895:, edited by A. S. L. Farquhrson (1944). New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
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Annas, Julia. 2004. "Marcus Aurelius: Ethics and Its Background."
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wrote in a philosophical context without thought of publication.
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Edited by Marcel van Ackeren, 515–531. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
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Edited by Marcel van Ackeren, 382–395. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
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praise of those who have no knowledge of where or who they are?
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one after the other". A doubtful mention is made by the orator
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The Puppet and the Sage: Images of the Self in Marcus Aurelius
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1245:(first print edition) of the original Greek was published by
1235:, English translation by Meric Casaubon, second edition, 1635
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The Emperor's Handbook: A New Translation of the Meditations
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ed. and trans. by Xylander. Zürich: Andreas Gessner, 1558.
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where he refers to passages in the "Treatise to Himself" (
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The communings with himself of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
1277:
The Meditations of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
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in 1558 or 1559. It was published at the instigation of
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The Inner Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius.
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1911:
1909:
1868:(3rd ed.). Dover Publications. pp. 168–169.
1543:. Oxford University Press. p. 29. "Close imitation of
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The Thoughts Of The Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
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The Inner Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius
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first translated the Meditations into Latin in 1558.
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Meditations of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
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Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Graecolatina Pragensia
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Rhizai: A Journal for Ancient Philosophy and Science
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1906:
1303:; reprinted many times, including in Vol. 2 of the
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dates from the issue of the first printed edition (
2011:The Washington Post Bestseller List June 9th, 2002
1945:
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1760:"Introduction" in Meditations: A New Translation
781:, and former United States Secretary of Defense
496:lexicon published in the late 10th century. The
442:The first direct mention of the work comes from
2232:The Meditations Of The Emperor Marcus Antoninus
1940:
1022:Of the life of man the duration is but a point.
732:In the Introduction to his 1964 translation of
668:(D) with 112 extracts from books I–IX, and the
2346:. London and New York: Bloomsbury (Continuum).
2230:Farquharson, A. S. L. (1944), "Introduction",
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1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
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1571:published August 2014, accessed November 2014.
773:The book has been described as a prototype of
417:, he says: "You do not need the exhortations (
409:in about AD 364. In an address to the emperor
38:First page of the 1811 English translation by
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2146:Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao Interviewed
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2335:The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius: A Study.
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1605:The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
648:is contained in a codex which passed to the
604:and printed by his cousin Andreas Gesner at
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1824:
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1268:Some popular English translations include:
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2343:Marcus Aurelius: A Guide for the Perplexed
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1363:Meditations. Marcus Aurelius and his times
249:Marcus Aurelius wrote the 12 books of the
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179:
32:
2225:, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 45–61
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1715:
770:s bestseller list for two weeks in 2002.
2307:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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1736:
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1451:Meditations with selected correspondence
1449:Robin Hard, and Christopher Gill (2011)
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802:
632:. The importance of this edition of the
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1920:. London: Routledge. pp. 248–256.
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1885:
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292:
2909:Ancient Greek philosophical literature
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2257:Haines, C. R. (1916), "Introduction",
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2234:, vol. 1, Oxford University Press
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1789:
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1628:
672:(C) with 29 extracts from Books I–IV.
358:allow one to live in harmony with the
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2433:, 1898, at the Stoic Therapy eLibrary
2424:, 1862, at the Stoic Therapy eLibrary
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1980:
1891:Rees, D. A. 1992. "Introduction." In
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1616:
1599:Roberts, John, ed. 23 October 2011. "
1400:C. Scot Hicks, David V. Hicks (2002)
281:) and the second book was written at
2284:Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy
1882:
1836:
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659:
608:. The book was bound with a work by
350:permeates and guides all existence.
2376:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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1587:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1293:, 1792; new edition, Halifax, 1826.
1253:. His source was a manuscript from
1168:IV. 33, trans. Scot and David Hicks
535:) experience and instruction." The
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2266:
2057:"An American reader: Bill Clinton"
1762:. The Modern Library. p. 51.
1301:The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius
787:The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius
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365:
14:
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2193:De seipso, seu vita sua, libri 12
1580:Sellars, John. 23 October 2011. "
1515:John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners
1465:Meditations - The New Translation
1365:. Walter J. Black, Inc. New York.
1204:VII. 9, trans. Maxwell Staniforth
951:VI. 29, trans. Maxwell Staniforth
940:III. 4, trans. Maxwell Staniforth
785:carried his own personal copy of
740:discussed the profound impact of
318:and perhaps reflecting Aurelius'
273:on the river Granova (modern-day
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2390:
2337:Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1837:Hall, Frederick William (1913).
1499:
1485:
1218:I. 14, trans. Maxwell Staniforth
616:, also a first edition). To the
91:
16:Literary work by Marcus Aurelius
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2330:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
2312:A Companion to Marcus Aurelius.
2298:A Companion to Marcus Aurelius.
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2119:, and Stephen Hanselman. 2016.
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1857:
1841:. Clarendon Press. p. 251.
1830:
1751:
1569:Thinker At War: Marcus Aurelius
628:", i.e. from the collection at
2824:Meditations of Marcus Aurelius
2223:A Companion to Marcus Aurelius
2162:"Marcus Aurelius, Meditations"
1987:. London: Weidenfeld. p.
1839:A companion to classical texts
1622:
1593:
1574:
1558:
1533:
626:Otto Heinrich, Prince Palatine
549:
397:, he was asked to publish his
1:
1918:History of Western Philosophy
1866:Five Stages of Greek Religion
1527:
1436:The Essential Marcus Aurelius
558:Xylander Latin edition (1558)
500:calls the work "a directing (
301:Ruins of the ancient city of
2528:
2279:Berryman, Sylvia Ann. 2010.
2243:, Harvard University Press,
1631:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
1467:. Woodburn House Publishing
1434:, and John P. Piazza (2008)
857:VIII. 50, trans. George Long
675:
646:Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1950
223:
7:
2831:Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta
2464:public domain audiobook at
2340:Stephens, William O. 2012.
1916:Russell, Bertrand (2004) .
1478:
1333:Marcus Aurelius Meditations
1223:
891:III. 7, trans. Gregory Hays
544:Wilhelm Holzmann (Xylander)
21:Meditation (disambiguation)
10:
2925:
2362:
2214:
1453:. Oxford University Press
1275:, and James Moore (1742).
1192:II. 1, trans. Gregory Hays
1180:IV. 50, trans. George Long
1027:II. 17, trans. C.R. Haines
1016:IV. 17, trans. George Long
879:V. 33, trans. Gregory Hays
586:The modern history of the
215:
61:Unknown, probably untitled
18:
2840:
2760:
2696:
2664:
2623:
2614:
2536:
2485:Multiple editions of the
2035:10.1080/14623940903138266
1864:Murray, Gilbert (2002) .
1547:was not required because
962:V. 8, trans. Gregory Hays
928:IV. 7, trans. George Long
903:V. 9, trans. Gregory Hays
614:Proclus vel De Felicitate
532:
505:
480:
422:
370:The early history of the
76:
66:
56:
46:
31:
2817:Enchiridion of Epictetus
2333:Rutherford, R. B. 1989.
1981:Grant, Michael (1993) .
1629:Birley, Anthony (2012).
1404:. Simon & Schuster.
666:Codex Darmstadtinus 2773
652:from the collection of
486:The next mention of the
2810:Discourses of Epictetus
1351:revised edition (1998)
1349:Oxford World's Classics
1339:reprint edition (1992)
686:Jean-Jacques Rousseau's
566:(P), also known as the
452:Archbishop of Heracleia
2884:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
2616:Philosophical concepts
2239:Hadot, Pierre (1998),
2166:Loeb Classical Library
1758:Hays, Gregory (2002).
1316:Loeb Classical Library
1236:
1221:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1139:
1128:
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882:
871:
860:
849:
835:
823:
808:
736:, the Anglican priest
709:Rees (1992) calls the
559:
525:Ecclesiastical History
523:(c. 1295–1360) in his
399:Precepts of Philosophy
336:
310:
2796:Seneca's Consolations
2303:Hadot, Pierre. 2001.
1539:Swain, Simon (1996).
1361:Classics Club (1945)
1255:Heidelberg University
1231:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1140:
1129:
1117:
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1094:
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932:
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907:
895:
883:
872:
861:
850:
836:
824:
810:
806:
684:compares the work to
630:Heidelberg University
557:
437:Theophylact Simocatta
331:
300:
2894:Texts in Koine Greek
2324:Robertson, D. 2019.
2081:Armed Forces Journal
1541:Hellenism and Empire
1463:David Gildea (2024)
1421:. Penguin Classics.
1385:Gregory Hays (2002)
1329:A. S. L. Farquharson
1310:C. R. Haines (1916)
832:IV. 49, trans. Hicks
640:Codex Vaticanus 1950
624:from the library of
572:Codex Vaticanus 1950
521:Nicephorus Callistus
439:in the 7th century.
293:Structure and themes
2784:Letters to Lucilius
2566:Antipater of Tarsus
2561:Diogenes of Babylon
2319:Classical Quarterly
2261:, William Heinemann
2023:Reflective Practice
1493:Ancient Rome portal
775:reflective practice
764:The Washington Post
670:Codex Parisinus 319
481:τὰ εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἠθικά
444:Arethas of Caesarea
325:A central theme to
100:Part of a series on
57:Original title
28:
2777:Paradoxa Stoicorum
2440:by Marcus Aurelius
1369:Maxwell Staniforth
1337:Everyman's Library
1237:
819:Maxwell Staniforth
809:
759:The Modern Library
738:Maxwell Staniforth
560:
428:Palatine Anthology
311:
26:
2904:Ethics literature
2879:2nd-century books
2866:
2865:
2756:
2755:
2445:Project Gutenberg
2431:, by G.H. Rendall
2371:"Marcus Aurelius"
2191:Marcus Aurelius,
2127:Portfolio/Penguin
2062:Los Angeles Times
1507:Philosophy portal
1438:. J. P. Tarcher.
1273:Francis Hutcheson
843:VIII. 47, trans.
799:Select quotations
660:Other manuscripts
415:On Brotherly Love
233:
221:
203:
202:
86:
85:
77:Publication place
2916:
2853:Stoic Opposition
2841:Related articles
2804:(Musonius Rufus)
2621:
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2523:
2516:
2509:
2500:
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2493:Internet Archive
2458:
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2398:. translated by
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1389:. Random House.
1305:Harvard Classics
1279:. Indianapolis:
1251:Wilhelm Xylander
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715:Bertrand Russell
598:Wilhelm Xylander
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395:Marcomannic Wars
385:Historia Augusta
356:clear-mindedness
244:Stoic philosophy
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2791:Seneca's Essays
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2601:Marcus Aurelius
2532:
2527:
2461:The Meditations
2455:
2438:The Meditations
2417:Standard Ebooks
2387:
2369:Sellars, John.
2365:
2360:
2269:
2267:Further reading
2251:
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2204:
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2179:The Daily Stoic
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1312:Marcus Aurelius
1259:Michael Toxites
1242:editio princeps
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695:St. Augustine's
678:
662:
650:Vatican Library
642:
622:Michael Toxites
593:editio princeps
584:
582:Codex Palatinus
576:Vatican Library
568:Codex Toxitanus
564:Codex Palatinus
552:
454:
391:Avidius Cassius
389:s biography of
368:
366:Textual history
295:
265:on campaign in
236:Marcus Aurelius
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139:Antonine Plague
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2065:. 2009-07-04.
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1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1214:
1213:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1132:
1121:
1109:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1060:
1046:
1035:
1023:
1012:
1001:
989:
986:
982:
969:
958:
947:
936:
924:
917:
910:
899:
887:
875:
864:
853:
846:
839:
828:
820:
813:
805:
796:
794:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
766:
765:
760:
756:
751:
750:Michael Grant
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
727:Immanuel Kant
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
700:
696:
692:
691:
687:
683:
673:
671:
667:
657:
655:
654:Stefano Gradi
651:
647:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:Conrad Gesner
599:
595:
594:
589:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
556:
547:
545:
541:
538:
530:
526:
522:
518:
515:Around 1150,
513:
511:
503:
499:
495:
494:
489:
484:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:
458:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
429:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
386:
381:
377:
373:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
347:
340:
335:
330:
328:
323:
322:perspective.
321:
316:
308:
304:
299:
290:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
240:Roman Emperor
237:
231:
225:
216:Τὰ εἰς ἑαυτόν
213:
209:
208:
196:
191:
189:
184:
182:
177:
176:
174:
173:
168:
165:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
124:
117:
114:
113:
111:
110:
107:
104:
103:
99:
98:
94:
90:
89:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
41:
35:
30:
22:
2848:Stoa Poikile
2829:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2783:
2775:
2771:(Chrysippus)
2768:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2685:
2673:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2538:Philosophers
2491:
2486:
2479:Google Books
2477:
2471:
2460:
2443:
2437:
2428:
2410:
2403:
2385:Translations
2374:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2286:38: 187–209.
2283:
2280:
2273:
2258:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2201:
2192:
2186:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2120:
2080:
2071:
2060:
2051:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2007:
1983:
1976:
1947:
1936:
1917:
1892:
1865:
1859:
1847:
1838:
1832:
1820:
1759:
1753:
1748:, p. xx
1733:, p. xv
1673:
1668:, p. 24
1661:
1656:, p. xv
1649:
1630:
1624:
1619:, p. 22
1612:
1604:
1595:
1585:
1576:
1560:
1540:
1535:
1521:Memento mori
1519:
1464:
1450:
1435:
1418:
1401:
1386:
1372:
1362:
1332:
1311:
1300:
1290:
1281:Liberty Fund
1276:
1267:
1240:
1238:
1232:
1211:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1175:generations?
1173:
1141:
1130:
1118:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1055:
1044:
1032:
1021:
1010:
998:
978:
967:
956:
945:
933:
922:
908:
896:
884:
873:
862:
851:
837:
825:
811:
791:
786:
783:James Mattis
779:Bill Clinton
772:
762:
754:
746:Christianity
733:
731:
710:
708:
703:
697:
688:
679:
669:
665:
663:
645:
643:
633:
617:
613:
591:
587:
585:
571:
567:
563:
561:
542:
536:
524:
517:John Tzetzes
514:
509:
497:
491:
487:
485:
462:
447:
441:
426:
423:παραγγέλματα
414:
403:Exhortations
402:
398:
383:
379:
371:
369:
359:
344:
341:
337:
332:
326:
324:
314:
312:
306:
287:
250:
248:
206:
205:
204:
149:
129:Parthian War
81:Roman Empire
60:
27:Meditations
2858:Neostoicism
2769:On Passions
2740:Prohairesis
2487:Meditations
2476:, 1792, at
2412:Meditations
2400:George Long
2181:2016 p. 104
1956:. pp.
1948:Meditations
1893:Meditations
1790:Haines 1916
1731:Haines 1916
1446:(111 pages)
1419:Meditations
1397:(181 pages)
1387:Meditations
1375:. Penguin.
1373:Meditations
1297:George Long
1233:Meditations
845:George Long
755:Meditations
734:Meditations
723:sour grapes
711:Meditations
704:Meditations
699:Confessions
690:Confessions
634:Meditations
618:Meditations
588:Meditations
574:(A) in the
550:Manuscripts
537:Meditations
488:Meditations
455: [
448:Meditations
380:Meditations
372:Meditations
352:Rationality
327:Meditations
315:Meditations
307:Meditations
255:Koine Greek
251:Meditations
212:Koinē Greek
207:Meditations
150:Meditations
71:Koine Greek
2873:Categories
2719:Eudaimonia
2648:Katalepsis
2576:Posidonius
2556:Chrysippus
2405:Wikisource
2276:2:103–119.
1952:. London:
1903:. p. xvii.
1666:Hadot 1998
1617:Hadot 1998
1528:References
1427:0140449337
1410:0743233832
1395:0679642609
1381:0140441409
1357:0199540594
1345:0679412719
1324:0674990641
988:sincerity.
793:Wen Jiabao
490:is in the
407:Themistius
116:Early life
2733:Oikeiôsis
2655:Diairesis
2641:Adiaphora
2596:Epictetus
2571:Panaetius
2551:Cleanthes
2043:219711815
1565:Iain King
1160:Antoninus
1146:, Caeso,
676:Reception
433:Byzantine
283:Carnuntum
2889:Stoicism
2802:Lectures
2786:(Seneca)
2726:Kathekon
2712:Apatheia
2586:Cornutus
2530:Stoicism
2466:LibriVox
2353:2:13–23.
2291:Arethusa
2150:Newsweek
2129:. 2016.
2077:"Fiasco"
1944:(1964).
1479:See also
1289:(1792).
1224:Editions
1216:—
1202:—
1190:—
1178:—
1166:—
1152:Augustus
1144:Camillus
1134:—
1123:—
1111:—
1102:VIII. 49
1100:—
1090:XI 18.5b
1088:—
1076:—
1064:—
1059:Epicurus
1048:—
1039:VIII. 52
1037:—
1025:—
1014:—
1003:—
991:—
985:Augustus
973:VIII. 51
971:—
960:—
949:—
938:—
926:—
912:—
901:—
889:—
877:—
866:—
855:—
841:—
830:—
815:—
742:Stoicism
533:κοσμικῆς
435:scholar
376:Herodian
303:Aquincum
279:Slovakia
267:Pannonia
263:Aquincum
67:Language
2666:Physics
2606:more...
2490:at the
2363:Studies
2215:Sources
1417:(2006)
1371:(1969)
1331:(1944)
1299:(1862)
1283:, 2008.
1156:Hadrian
1148:Volesus
1136:XII. 15
1066:VII. 64
993:VIII. 5
981:Hadrian
610:Marinus
464:scholia
259:Sirmium
232:
2747:Sophos
2705:Pathos
2697:Ethics
2687:Pneuma
2675:Physis
2581:Seneca
2247:
2133:
2041:
1995:
1964:
1924:
1899:
1872:
1766:
1637:
1471:
1457:
1442:
1425:
1408:
1393:
1379:
1355:
1343:
1322:
1158:, and
1125:XII. 4
1078:IX. 37
1005:XI. 13
886:doors.
868:X. 16,
606:Zürich
469:Lucian
411:Valens
382:. The
339:man."
167:Statue
162:Column
155:Temple
47:Author
2761:Works
2634:Logos
2625:Logic
2402:, at
2039:S2CID
1960:–27.
1553:Galen
1545:Attic
1050:IX. 5
768:'
761:made
719:Stoic
596:) by
529:Greek
506:ἀγωγή
502:Greek
477:Greek
459:]
419:Greek
360:logos
346:logos
320:Stoic
271:Quadi
145:Misc.
123:Reign
2681:Fire
2245:ISBN
2131:ISBN
1993:ISBN
1962:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1469:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1440:ISBN
1423:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1377:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1239:The
1120:own!
1113:X. 9
983:and
935:him.
757:for
693:and
644:The
510:Suda
498:Suda
493:Suda
471:and
354:and
313:The
275:Hron
230:lit.
2442:at
2415:at
2031:doi
1989:139
1603:."
1584:."
898:on.
744:on
277:in
253:in
2875::
2448:,
2373:.
2164:.
2148:,
2125:.
2089:^
2079:.
2059:.
2037:.
2027:10
2025:.
1991:.
1908:^
1884:^
1797:^
1778:^
1738:^
1717:^
1700:^
1685:^
1347:.
1335:.
1318:.
1314:.
1265:.
1154:,
748:.
729:.
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531::
504::
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218:,
214::
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2168:.
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2033::
2001:.
1970:.
1958:2
1930:.
1878:.
1772:.
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