1541:
1970:
3294:
66:
7298:
1499:
7262:
6595:
5968:
3551:
7287:
893:
3440:
881:
1829:
7274:
6605:
1898:; and (3) economic models of political or exploitative class processes. Within the field of political science, there is generally a distinction between international political economy (studied by international relations scholars) and comparative political economy (studied by comparative politics scholars).
1752:, for his work on making the distinction between "profit" and "sustenance", in modern political economy terms, surplus and that required for the reproduction of classes respectively. He also calls for the creation of a science to explain society and goes on to outline these ideas in his major work, the
2226:'s approach and call to action which advocated for the re-introduction of political consideration and political science knowledge more generally into the discipline of economics as a way of improving the robustness of the discipline and remedying its shortcomings, which had become clear following the
1707:
as natural-law; and persisted despite evidence to the contrary during the First World War. Today, the term "economics" usually refers to the narrow study of the economy absent other political and social considerations while the term "political economy" represents a distinct and competing approach.
2349:
studies political economy within the wider geographical studies of human-environment interactions wherein economic actions of humans transform the natural environment. Apart from these, attempts have been made to develop a geographical political economy that prioritises commodity production and
2336:
attempts to reconstruct past political economies by examining the material evidence for administrative strategies to control and mobilize resources. This evidence may include architecture, animal remains, evidence for craft workshops, evidence for feasting and ritual, evidence for the import or
2077:
suggests that a political economy approach "interrogates economic doctrines to disclose their sociological and political premises.... in sum, regards economic ideas and behavior not as frameworks for analysis, but as beliefs and actions that must themselves be explained". This approach informs
2362:
deals with political economy because human activity has the greatest effect upon the environment, its central concern being the environment's suitability for human activity. The ecological effects of economic activity spur research upon changing market economy incentives. Additionally and more
2375:
examines the institutional aspects of media and telecommunication systems. As the area of study focusing on aspects of human communication, it pays particular attention to the relationships between owners, labor, consumers, advertisers, structures of production and the state and the power
1905:
theory closely intertwined with political economy. Both approaches model voters, politicians and bureaucrats as behaving in mainly self-interested ways, in contrast to a view, ascribed to earlier mainstream economists, of government officials trying to maximize individual
1820:. At present, political economy refers to different yet related approaches to studying economic and related behaviours, ranging from the combination of economics with other fields to the use of different, fundamental assumptions challenging earlier economic assumptions.
2216:) engaged themes related to political economy. In the second half of the 20th century, lawyers associated with the Chicago School incorporated certain intellectual traditions from economics. However, since the crisis in 2007 legal scholars especially related to
2237:. The rationale for this academic unit was that "the disciplines of Politics and Economics are inextricably linked", and that it was "not possible to properly understand political processes without exploring the economic context in which politics operates".
1716:
Originally, political economy meant the study of the conditions under which production or consumption within limited parameters was organized in nation-states. In that way, political economy expanded the emphasis on economics, which comes from the Greek
1702:
indicate that use of the term "economics" began to overshadow "political economy" around roughly 1910, becoming the preferred term for the discipline by 1920. According to economist Clara Mattei, this shift was driven by the increasing consensus of
2329:
expressions in the U.S. entertainment media) by means of broader historical, political and sociological processes. Analyses of structural features of transnational processes focus on the interactions between the world capitalist system and local
2598:
3620:
1758:. In Al-Muqaddimah Khaldun states, "Civilization and its well-being, as well as business prosperity, depend on productivity and people's efforts in all directions in their own interest and profit" – seen as a modern precursor to
4265:
3479:
3955:
3364:
2251:
In 2017, the
Political Economy UK Group (abbreviated PolEconUK) was established as a research consortium in the field of political economy. It hosts an annual conference and counts among its member institutions
2248:. It was created as a means of combining political and economic analyses of capitalism which were viewed by the founders to be insufficient as independent disciplines in explaining the 2008 financial crisis.
2306:
studies the effects of persons' involvement in society as members of groups and how that changes their ability to function. Many sociologists start from a perspective of production-determining relation from
1698:, a proponent of mathematical methods applied to the subject, advocated economics for brevity and with the hope of the term becoming "the recognised name of a science". Citation measurement metrics from
3538:
3219:
4960:
2580:
4004:"Chang, H. J. (2002). Breaking the Mould – An Institutionalist Political Economy Alternative to the Neo-Liberal Theory of the Market and State", in "Cambridge Journal of Economics", 26(5),
1725:(meaning "law" or "order"). Political economy was thus meant to express the laws of production of wealth at the state level, quite like economics concerns putting home to order. The phrase
3617:
2201:
have employed political economy to explore the ways in the past that persons and groups with common economic interests have used politics to effect changes beneficial to their interests.
4007:
3530: • Weingast, Barry R., Kenneth A. Shepsle, and Christopher Johnsen (1981). "The Political Economy of Benefits and Costs: A Neoclassical Approach to Distributive Politics,"
2171:, the analysis of dimensions lacking a standard economic value (e.g. the political economy of language, of gender, or of religion) often draws on concepts used in Marxian critiques of
2982:
2783:
4262:
3435:
2112:, was "almost single-handedly responsible for creating international political economy as a field of study." In the United States, these approaches are associated with the journal
3726:
2343:
is the fulcrum on which political economy exerts its force in studying decision making (not only in prices), but as the field of study whose assumptions model political economy.
2579:
Hacker, Jacob S.; Hertel-Fernandez, Alexander; Pierson, Paul; Thelen, Kathleen (2021), Hertel-Fernandez, Alexander; Hacker, Jacob S.; Thelen, Kathleen; Pierson, Paul (eds.),
3476:
1926:
and complex decision making in which context the term "positive political economy" is common. Other "traditional" topics include analysis of such public policy issues as
4328:
3952:
3838:
3742:
3668:
3495:
3361:
3266:
3154:
3081:
3065:
1962:
and the politics of excessive deficits. An interesting example would be the publication in 1954 of the first manual of
Political Economy in the Soviet Union, edited by
2325:
studies political economy by investigating regimes of political and economic value that condition tacit aspects of sociocultural practices (e.g. the pejorative use of
6550:
4477:
2281:
Because political economy is not a unified discipline, there are studies using the term that overlap in subject matter, but have radically different perspectives:
2875:
2491:
4980:
4085:
3535:
3216:
6420:
4711:
4957:
4057:
1618:, and how these are shaped by institutions, laws, and government policy. Originating in the 18th century, it is the precursor to the modern discipline of
6412:
6367:
3759:
5929:
3912:
6130:
4643:
4554:
3803:
3772:
3407:
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2204:
Political economy and law is a recent attempt within legal scholarship to engage explicitly with political economy literature. In the 1920s and 1930s,
6435:
6388:
4565:
6336:
6320:
4450:
4077:
3932:
3887:
3704:] (in Russian) (1st ed.). Marxists Internet Archive: Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R (published 2014). 1954.
3311:
2687:
2104:(IPE) an interdisciplinary field comprising approaches to the actions of various actors. According to International Relations scholar Chris Brown,
6500:
6425:
4344:
2691:
2526:
1788:
to the physiocrats generally receive much greater attention. The world's first professorship in political economy was established in 1754 at the
5041:
3097:
2835:
6525:
4457:
4418:
3783:
3021:
2172:
6002:
3418:
2132:
2974:
2767:
1650:
4585:
4516:
4005:
2155:
The use of a political economy approach by anthropologists, sociologists, and geographers used in reference to the regimes of politics or
6530:
6315:
4407:
3209:
3037:
3007:
2855:
923:
855:
4991:
4818:
4527:
3571:
6535:
4308:
4135:
4108:
3978:
3876:
3814:
3723:
3343:
3170:
2516:
2421:
2007:
and institutions. Topics have included the breakup of nations, the origins and rate of change of political institutions in relation to
1527:
4383:
4178:
6641:
6545:
4124:
3010:
3332:
3177:
6515:
6510:
6490:
6480:
6475:
6398:
5174:
5123:
4360:
4254:
3865:
3612:
3522:
3057:
2851:
2356:
documents change, often using it to argue political economy; some historical works take political economy as the narrative's frame.
4297:
4189:
4789:
3242:
2948:
2716:
7339:
6555:
6430:
6310:
5521:
5296:
4325:
3835:
2363:
recently, ecological theory has been used to examine economic systems as similar systems of interacting species (e.g., firms).
6450:
6075:
6050:
3947:
Alesina, Alberto, and
Roberto Perotti (1994). "The Political Economy of Growth: A Critical Survey of the Recent Literature,"
3739:
3665:
3492:
3263:
3151:
3078:
3062:
2592:
2408:
4669:
McCoy, Drew R. "The
Elusive Republic: Political Economy in Jeffersonian America", Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina.
4223:
2003:. From the mid-1990s, the field has expanded, in part aided by new cross-national data sets allowing tests of hypotheses on
7329:
6608:
6570:
6560:
6470:
5110:
3138:
2145:
3584:, and José-Víctor Ríos-Rull (1999). "On the Size of U.S. Government: Political Economy in the Neoclassical Growth Model,"
6485:
6465:
6455:
6445:
6289:
4474:
4212:
3234:
3127:
2541:
2300:
studies the distribution of resources so that the material wants of a society are satisfied; enhance societal well-being.
2073:
which may treat economic ideologies as the phenomenon to explain, per the traditions of
Marxian political economy. Thus,
2745:
2220:, have turned to more explicitly engage with the debates, methodology and various themes within political economy texts.
6575:
6565:
6460:
5662:
5506:
4772:
4745:
4485: • Acemoglu, Daron (2003). "Why Not a Political Coase Theorem? Social Conflict, Commitment, and Politics,"
2814:
2663:
2630:
2016:
2873:
6540:
6495:
6152:
6055:
5995:
4977:
4152:
3825:
3188:
3104:
3044:
2958:
2536:
2322:
2227:
1882:
associate political economy with three sub-areas: (1) the role of government and/or class and power relationships in
1395:
17:
3594: • Galasso, Vincenzo, and Paola Profeta (2002). "The Political Economy of Social Security: A Survey,"
1950:
politics. Empirical analysis includes the influence of elections on the choice of economic policy, determinants and
7278:
6520:
5597:
2388:
1789:
1001:
1540:
7214:
5081:
4033:
3993:
Perotti, Enrico (2014). "The
Political Economy of Finance", in "Capitalism and Society" Vol. 9, No. 1, Article 1
2441:
2245:
2101:
2087:
1891:
916:
31:
7302:
5008:
4680:
4493:
7171:
6825:
6666:
6393:
4054:
3640:
2159:
that emerge primarily at the level of states or regional governance, but also within smaller social groups and
1655:; household management. The earliest works of political economy are usually attributed to the British scholars
1641:, with theoretical works exploring the administration of states' wealth; "political" signifying the Greek word
1520:
1390:
1168:
1016:
4281:
3830: • _____ (2010). "Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems,"
6778:
6634:
5909:
5714:
5511:
5100:
2471:
1405:
254:
4551:
3800:
3769:
3404:
3377:
1729:(translated in English to "political economy") first appeared in France in 1615 with the well-known book by
516:
7119:
7029:
6598:
6346:
5988:
5647:
5635:
5167:
3599:
2456:
2004:
1999:, including the seeming discrepancy of economic policy and economist's recommendations through the lens of
1154:
986:
957:
4097:
6671:
6505:
6279:
6157:
6125:
5533:
5362:
5286:
5214:
5046:
4562:
3970:
Keefer, Philip (2004). "What Does
Political Economy Tell Us about Economic Development and Vice Versa?"
3702:
Political
Economy: A Textbook issued by the Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R
3697:
Political
Economy: A Textbook issued by the Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R
3676: • Alesina, Alberto, and Roberto Perotti (1995). "The Political Economy of Budget Deficits,"
1458:
865:
85:
75:
4847:
4074:
3929:
3884:
3308:
1955:
7324:
6145:
5657:
5640:
5516:
4341:
3546: • Breyer, Friedrich (1994). "The Political Economy of Intergenerational Redistribution,"
2269:
2114:
1914:. As such, economists and political scientists often associate political economy with approaches using
1813:
1676:
991:
962:
909:
859:
389:
379:
5025:
Maggi, Giovanni, and Andrés Rodríguez-Clare (2007). "A Political-Economy Theory of Trade
Agreements,"
1730:
7334:
6933:
6661:
6065:
5538:
5137:
2832:
1840:
1513:
1118:
269:
4891:
Hirth, Kenneth G. 1996. Political Economy and Archaeology: Perspectives on Exchange and Production.
4454:
4415:
3780:
3734: • _____ and Torsten Persson (2008). "political institutions, economic approaches to,"
3018:
7266:
7114:
7104:
6901:
6627:
6140:
5740:
5702:
5528:
4763:
3924:
Bolton, Patrick, and Gérard Roland (1997). "The Breakup of Nations: A Political Economy Analysis,"
2486:
2261:
2234:
2056:
1947:
1876:
1233:
1123:
838:
576:
531:
384:
153:
97:
3415:
591:
7297:
7076:
6964:
6859:
6341:
6229:
5971:
5707:
5623:
5618:
5586:
5160:
2501:
2448:
2241:
2048:
1943:
1911:
1895:
1163:
541:
349:
339:
299:
289:
196:
119:
4582:
3695:
2435:
2402:
2233:
In 2010, the only Department of Political Economy in the United Kingdom formally established at
1966:, which mixed the classic theoretical approach of the time with the soviet political discourse.
7186:
6906:
6734:
6383:
5954:
5690:
5496:
5491:
5476:
5443:
5301:
4656:
Cohen, Benjamin J. "The transatlantic divide: Why are American and British IPE so different?",
4513:
1915:
1695:
1631:
1607:
1400:
1342:
1288:
711:
556:
294:
234:
191:
138:
4404:
3907:(2001). "New Tools in Comparative Political Economy: The Database of Political Institutions,"
2779:
7109:
7099:
7061:
7034:
6996:
6969:
6879:
6788:
6707:
6697:
6264:
6224:
6182:
6045:
5784:
5759:
5652:
5581:
5306:
5269:
5247:
5242:
5010:
Foundations of Real-World Economics; What Every Economics Student Needs To Know (3rd edition)
4988:
4810:
4786:"About Political Economy | Department of Political Economy | King's College London"
4637:
4524:
4066:
3568:
3388:
2105:
2070:
1996:
1801:
1687:
1544:
1220:
1053:
845:
526:
501:
486:
344:
284:
264:
259:
5068:
Riches and Poverty : An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain, 1750–1834
4391:
4305:
4132:
3975:
3873:
3811:
3340:
2188:
1768:
were the first major exponents of political economy, although the intellectual responses of
7056:
6896:
6869:
6864:
6761:
6244:
6162:
5697:
5501:
5345:
4466:
4380:
4175:
4156:
4105:
3556:
2656:
Principles of political economy : with some of their applications to social philosophy
2257:
2192:
2180:
2123:
2044:
2012:
1992:
1951:
1805:
1704:
1330:
1201:
1191:
1176:
1103:
1021:
596:
418:
369:
334:
274:
239:
143:
133:
80:
8:
7236:
7230:
7156:
7071:
7016:
6891:
6756:
6702:
6284:
6080:
6030:
6011:
5924:
5789:
5613:
5571:
5311:
5274:
4121:
3629:
3329:
3326:
Political Economy, Oligopoly and Experimental Games: The Selected Essays of Martin Shubik
3174:
1927:
1883:
1759:
1699:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1442:
1352:
1206:
1108:
1058:
996:
822:
631:
453:
394:
319:
309:
279:
206:
114:
5749:
5095:
4357:
4251:
3519:
1959:
1672:
491:
7181:
6746:
6362:
6025:
5864:
5576:
5543:
5481:
5019:
Political Economy and Liberalism in France : The Contributions of Frédéric Bastiat
4703:
4294:
3862:
3353:
3055: • Brandt, Loren, and Thomas G. Rawski (2008). "Chinese economic reforms,"
2929:
2681:
2476:
2265:
2052:
2032:
2028:
1923:
1480:
1073:
850:
806:
611:
448:
443:
423:
374:
314:
304:
249:
244:
216:
211:
181:
49:
4785:
3239:
7146:
7134:
7129:
7001:
6991:
6911:
6854:
6798:
5939:
5884:
5724:
5719:
5433:
5357:
5143:
4928:
4868:
4768:
4741:
4707:
4625:
4148:
3821:
3751:
3657:
2954:
2933:
2921:
2708:
2669:
2659:
2636:
2626:
2588:
2531:
2521:
2496:
2481:
2431:
2398:
2253:
2217:
1988:
1852:
1793:
1627:
1559:
1475:
1149:
1011:
967:
940:
741:
716:
626:
506:
463:
399:
364:
354:
186:
104:
5799:
2294:
rigorously assesses and studies a set of beliefs and their applicability to reality.
1737:. Other contemporary scholars attribute the roots of this study to the 13th Century
666:
7166:
7011:
6986:
6793:
6783:
6773:
6135:
6035:
5874:
5859:
5369:
5340:
5328:
5318:
5254:
5234:
5204:
5199:
4918:
4695:
4615:
4396:
3229:
2913:
2775:
2366:
2240:
In 2012, the Sheffield Political Economy Research Institute (SPERI) was founded at
2184:
2168:
2074:
2000:
1981:
1902:
1797:
1773:
1599:
1425:
1181:
1035:
791:
736:
721:
706:
691:
621:
601:
581:
536:
409:
359:
329:
324:
4025:, and James A. Robinson (2006). "Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective,"
2917:
671:
7176:
6943:
6938:
6751:
6254:
6187:
6177:
6040:
5879:
5839:
5819:
5680:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5428:
5399:
5259:
5017:
4995:
4984:
4969:
4964:
4589:
4569:
4558:
4531:
4520:
4497:
4481:
4461:
4438:
4434:
4422:
4411:
4387:
4364:
4348:
4332:
4312:
4301:
4285:
4269:
4258:
4243:
4227:
4220:
4216:
4193:
4182:
4167:
4139:
4128:
4112:
4081:
4061:
4037:
4011:
3982:
3959:
3936:
3891:
3880:
3869:
3842:
3818:
3807:
3787:
3776:
3746:
3730:
3672:
3644:
3624:
3575:
3542:
3526:
3514:(1983). "A Theory of Competition among Pressure Groups for Political Influence,"
3499:
3483:
3451:
3422:
3411:
3384:
3368:
3347:
3336:
3315:
3270:
3246:
3223:
3192:
3181:
3158:
3142:
3131:
3108:
3085:
3069:
3048:
3025:
3014:
2879:
2839:
2213:
2209:
2163:. Because these regimes influence and are influenced by the organization of both
2137:
2127:
2060:
2024:
2008:
1984:
1969:
1887:
1856:
1738:
1691:
1603:
1503:
1485:
1310:
1295:
885:
796:
761:
726:
661:
586:
571:
458:
433:
428:
404:
176:
171:
39:
5147:
5133:
3135:
2311:. Marx's theories on the subject of political economy are contained in his book
7291:
7139:
7051:
7046:
6803:
6724:
6719:
6650:
6580:
6105:
5946:
5849:
5844:
5486:
5335:
5291:
5209:
5183:
5056:
4317:
4022:
3715:
3511:
3205:
3146: • Mitra, Devashish (2008). "trade policy, political economy of,"
2618:
2556:
2551:
2506:
2372:
2223:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2119:
2118:, which in the 1970s became the leading journal of IPE under the editorship of
1832:
1809:
1660:
1595:
1567:
1381:
1300:
1254:
1196:
816:
801:
766:
751:
731:
701:
521:
438:
128:
124:
5769:
5002:
Journal of Australian Political Economy, Australian Political Economy Movement
4699:
4620:
4209:
3124:
2640:
551:
7318:
7242:
7198:
7161:
7091:
7066:
6976:
6874:
6820:
6815:
6240:
6192:
6095:
6070:
5869:
5854:
5829:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5779:
5774:
5423:
5384:
5281:
5114:
4949:
4629:
3854:
3792:
3286:
3282:
3116:
2925:
2737:
2673:
2205:
2149:
2109:
2079:
1973:
1939:
1872:
1855:
in explaining how political institutions, the political environment, and the
1817:
1777:
1664:
1305:
1283:
1258:
1088:
781:
771:
746:
686:
681:
676:
656:
646:
616:
606:
511:
414:
35:
5127:
5118:
4401:
The Zero-sum Society: Distribution and the Possibilities For Economic Change
4186:
3768:, in the Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions series. Cambridge.
3403:(Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press). Description and content
2738:"economics | Definition, History, Examples, Types, & Facts | Britannica"
2136:. There also is a more critical school of IPE, inspired by thinkers such as
2098:, an international journal founded by Sheffield University scholars in 1996.
2094:(Manchester University Press, 1999). It also informs much work published in
65:
7041:
6981:
6729:
6687:
6440:
6235:
5889:
5834:
5794:
5566:
5438:
5404:
5394:
5352:
5229:
5224:
4932:
2546:
2326:
2141:
2066:
Other important landmarks in the development of political economy include:
2020:
1963:
1935:
1781:
1686:" gradually began to replace the term "political economy" with the rise of
1068:
897:
811:
756:
651:
641:
636:
561:
109:
4336: • Barry, John 2001. "Justice, Nature and Political Economy,"
3797:
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
3185:
3101:
3041:
7193:
7081:
7006:
6923:
6842:
6835:
6692:
6085:
5894:
5389:
5374:
4583:"The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?"
3581:
3559:(1995). "The Politics and Economics of Redistribution and Inefficiency,"
2904:
Bertholet, Auguste (2020-05-27). "The intellectual origins of Mirabeau".
2511:
2333:
2314:
2288:
studies power relations and their relationship to achieving desired ends.
2176:
1919:
1812:, in 1805, became England's first professor of political economy, at the
1765:
1749:
1668:
1587:
1571:
1372:
1337:
1240:
1228:
1093:
786:
776:
566:
201:
3121:
Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order
1498:
7247:
7086:
6928:
6886:
6830:
6219:
6215:
6197:
6172:
6060:
5824:
5754:
5685:
5630:
4905:
May, Robert M.; Levin, Simon A.; Sugihara, George (February 21, 2008).
4278:
2340:
2291:
1860:
1769:
1754:
1656:
1591:
1462:
1452:
1447:
1186:
1048:
696:
496:
5980:
4030:
3859:
The Making of Economic Policy: A Transaction Cost Politics Perspective
1594:). Widely studied phenomena within the discipline are systems such as
7021:
6918:
6847:
6741:
6714:
6167:
6100:
5934:
5764:
5379:
5264:
5219:
5030:
4490:
3304:
3073: • Helsley, Robert W. (2008). "urban political economy,"
2581:"The American Political Economy: A Framework and Agenda for Research"
2346:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2198:
2036:
1922:
and in examining phenomena beyond economics' standard remit, such as
1868:
1864:
1848:
1844:
1785:
1745:
1741:
1683:
1619:
1563:
1347:
1245:
1128:
1083:
1063:
546:
477:
57:
4923:
4906:
4548:
In Search of Stability: Explorations in Historical Political Economy
4535:
4446:
4231:
3994:
3681:
3637:
3459:
3319:
34:. For the study of political science through economic analysis, see
6294:
4606:
Brown, Chris (July 1999). "Susan Strange—a critical appreciation".
4049:• Mukand, Sharun W. (2008). "policy reform, political economy of,"
3589:
2578:
2285:
1931:
1579:
1470:
1430:
1113:
1098:
1078:
947:
7286:
6619:
4248:
Political Economy of the Environment An Interdisciplinary Approach
3632:(1989). "Alternative Approaches to the Political Business Cycle,"
3436:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
3285:(1981). "Game Theory Models and Methods in Political Economy," in
3258:
Lohmann, Susanne (2008). "rational choice and political science,"
30:
For the study of political economy on an international level, see
6768:
6248:
5152:
3356:(1990). "The Emerging Discipline of Political Economy," ch. 1 in
2359:
2353:
1907:
1575:
1385:
1043:
1828:
6090:
4291:
Justice, Society and Nature An Exploration of Political Ecology
2492:
European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE)
2369:
examines social class, production, labor, race, gender and sex.
2040:
1643:
1638:
1435:
1377:
1275:
880:
1690:
coinciding with the publication of an influential textbook by
5548:
5323:
4839:
3563:, December, 17, pp. 115–136, reprinted in Williamson (1996),
3454:(1974). "The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society,"
2653:
3720:
Principled Agents?: The Political Economy of Good Government
2585:
The American Political Economy: Politics, Markets, and Power
5000:
David, F., "Utopia and the Critique of Political Economy."
3766:
Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
1987:
and political institutions concerning interactions between
5051:
Interactions in Political Economy: Malvern After Ten Years
4289: • Gleeson, Brendan, and Nicholas Low (1998).
6810:
1637:
Political economy originated within 16th century western
1583:
5146:
1802-1876, a writer on political economy, some books at
3433:
Rose, N. L. (2001). "Regulation, Political Economy of,"
1667:, although they were preceded by the work of the French
1622:. Political economy in its modern form is considered an
4974:
Institutional Economics: Its Place in Political Economy
3487: • Rose-Ackerman, Susan (2008). "bribery,"
2337:
export of prestige goods, or evidence for food storage.
4118:
Transition and Economics: Politics, Markets, and Firms
2015:, financial markets and regulation, the importance of
3610:• Drazen, Allan (2008). "Political business cycles,"
2868:
Mark Robbins (2016) "Why we need political economy,"
2766:
Weingast, Barry R.; Wittman, Donald A. (2011-07-07).
5134:
An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy
4145:
The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization
3002:Weingast, Barry R., and Donald Wittman, ed., 2008.
6368:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
4550:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 3–6.
4322:
Rational Ecology: Environment and Political Economy
3249:, sect. 2, The Social Decision Process, pp. 106–08.
3756:Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics
38:. For the effects of politics on the economy, see
6389:Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
3471:• Bose, Niloy. "corruption and economic growth,"
7316:
6337:Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia
6321:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
4904:
4273: • Banzhaf, H. Spencer, ed. (2012).
2946:
4508:Persson, Torsten, and Guido Tabellini (2003).
4443:Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy
4100:(2002), "The Political Economy of Transition,"
3473:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online
3399:Alt, James E.; Shepsle, Kenneth (eds.) (1990),
2797:
2765:
2527:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1804:was appointed a Political Economy chair at the
4738:Research Handbook on Political Economy and Law
4642:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
4275:The Political Economy of Environmental Justice
3301:A Game-Theoretic Approach to Political Economy
2376:relationships embedded in these relationships.
6635:
5996:
5168:
5059:, Swinnen, Johan, and Zusman, Pinhas (2011).
2133:The Review of International Political Economy
1521:
917:
27:Study of the development of social production
4681:"Law and the Political Economy of the World"
3134:and ch. 1, " The New Global Economic Order"
2686:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2587:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 4–5,
2312:
2130:. They are also associated with the journal
6316:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
4512:, Munich Lectures in Economics. MIT Press.
3754:(1986). "The New Institutional Economics,"
2856:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
2517:Important publications in political economy
6642:
6628:
6003:
5989:
5175:
5161:
3401:Perspectives on Positive Political Economy
3358:Perspectives on Positive Political Economy
3051:, drilled to at each economic-system link.
2947:Bertholet, Auguste; Kapossy, Béla (2023).
2853:). "'political economy' and 'economics'",
2844:
2690:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2422:International Journal of Political Economy
1839:Political economy most commonly refers to
1800:was the first tenured professor. In 1763,
1528:
1514:
924:
910:
4956:. Monthly Review Press, New York. Review
4922:
4658:Review of International Political Economy
4619:
4352: • Boyce, James K. (2002).
2903:
6399:West African Economic and Monetary Union
4354:The Political Economy of the Environment
4051:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3736:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3662:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3613:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3489:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3260:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3213:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3148:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3075:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3058:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3004:The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy
2772:The Oxford Handbook of Political Science
1968:
1894:, which studies the economic impacts of
1827:
1647:and "economy" signifying the Greek word
1539:
6010:
4735:
4678:
4277:Stanford U.P. Description and contents
4161:
2979:Political Economy, Athabasca University
2780:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199604456.013.0038
2428:Journal of Australian Political Economy
14:
7317:
6311:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
6131:UN Conference on Trade and Development
5297:Measures of national income and output
2654:Mill, John Stuart, 1806–1873. (2009).
2617:
2276:
1980:A rather recent focus has been put on
6623:
6076:Import substitution industrialization
5984:
5156:
5036:O'Hara, Phillip Anthony, ed. (1999).
4605:
4510:The Economic Effects Of Constitutions
3634:Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
3596:European Journal of Political Economy
3548:European Journal of Political Economy
2409:European Journal of Political Economy
2084:The Free Economy and the Strong State
1823:
7273:
6604:
6330:Europe, Central Asia, and North Asia
5061:Political Power and Economic Policy.
4761:Capital in the Twenty-First Century,
4143: • Manor, James (1999).
2703:
2701:
2623:An Introduction to Political Economy
2574:
2572:
1682:In the late 19th century, the term "
6649:
6290:Central American Integration System
4688:Leiden Journal of International Law
4206:Political Economy in Macroeconomics
3687:
3235:Social Choice and Individual Values
2542:Political economy of climate change
2482:Economic study of collective action
2092:The Political Economy of New Labour
1626:field, drawing on theory from both
24:
5182:
4893:Journal of Archaeological Research
4717:from the original on March 4, 2016
3972:Annual Review of Political Science
3291:Handbook of Mathematical Economics
1954:models of electoral outcomes, the
1835:, international relations theorist
1549:Discours sur l'oeconomie politique
25:
7351:
6153:International Chamber of Commerce
6056:Export-oriented industrialization
5075:
5038:Encyclopedia of Political Economy
4027:American Political Science Review
2698:
2569:
2537:Political economy in anthropology
2043:in explaining economic outcomes,
1976:, international relations scholar
1764:Leading on from this, the French
1396:Biology and political orientation
7296:
7285:
7272:
7261:
7260:
6603:
6594:
6593:
5967:
5966:
4487:Journal of Comparative Economics
4471:Incentives and Political Economy
4246:, and Christine Oughton (2011).
4102:Journal of Economic Perspectives
3374:Game Theory and Political Theory
2709:"political economy | Britannica"
2389:Constitutional Political Economy
2086:(Palgrave Macmillan, 1988), and
1790:University of Naples Federico II
1497:
891:
879:
64:
7215:List of social science journals
4954:The Political Economy of Growth
4898:
4885:
4861:
4850:from the original on 2019-03-06
4832:
4821:from the original on 2022-08-16
4803:
4792:from the original on 2019-03-06
4778:
4754:
4729:
4672:
4663:
4650:
4608:Review of International Studies
4599:
4575:
4540:
4502:
4427:
4369:
4236:
4198:
4090:
4071:The Polítical Economy of Reform
4043:
4016:
3998:
3987:
3964:
3941:
3918:
3897:
3848:
3799:. Cambridge University Press.
3708:
3650:
3604:
3504:
3465:
3445:
3427:
3393:
3275:
3252:
3198:
3163:
3090:
3030:
2996:
2985:from the original on 2022-02-07
2967:
2953:(in French). Geneva: Slatkine.
2940:
2897:
2884:
2862:
2829:The Theory of Political Economy
2786:from the original on 2022-05-15
2768:"Overview Of Political Economy"
2748:from the original on 2015-06-15
2719:from the original on 2019-12-14
2625:. University of Toronto Press.
2601:from the original on 2022-05-03
2102:International political economy
1892:international political economy
1602:, as well as phenomena such as
166:Concepts, theory and techniques
32:International political economy
7172:Science and technology studies
6394:Southern African Customs Union
5930:Publications in macroeconomics
5040:, 2 v. Routledge. 2003 review
4844:The Political Economy UK Group
4170:(2007:3) "Political Economy,"
4069:, and Mariano Tommasi (1998).
3926:Quarterly Journal of Economics
3516:Quarterly Journal of Economics
3186:JEL Classification Codes Guide
3184:with context for its usage in
3102:JEL Classification Codes Guide
3042:JEL Classification Codes Guide
2821:
2806:
2759:
2730:
2647:
2611:
1878:Journal of Economic Literature
1735:Traité de l'economie politique
1391:Theories of political behavior
1017:Political history of the world
13:
1:
7340:Critique of political economy
5910:Critique of political economy
4942:
4377:Political Economy of Fairness
4116: • _____ (2000).
3764: • _____ (1990).
3372: • _____ (1986).
3324: • _____ (1999).
3299: • _____ (1984).
2918:10.1080/01916599.2020.1763745
2472:Critique of political economy
2350:"spatialities" of capitalism.
2244:by professors Tony Payne and
2063:, theoretical and empirical.
1796:. The Neapolitan philosopher
1406:Critique of political economy
6551:Telecommunications equipment
6356:Middle East and North Africa
6347:European Union Customs Union
5101:Resources in other libraries
4185:. Abstract-linked-footnotes
3565:The Mechanisms of Governance
3532:Journal of Political Economy
2975:"What is Political Economy?"
2950:La Physiocratie et la Suisse
2457:Studies in Political Economy
2175:. Such approaches expand on
2005:comparative economic systems
1711:
987:Outline of political science
7:
7330:Schools of economic thought
6280:Andean Community of Nations
6158:Bilateral investment treaty
6126:International Monetary Fund
5113:(U.S.) "Political Economy"
5070:Cambridge University Press.
5063:Cambridge University Press.
4660:, Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2007.
4375:• Zajac, Edward E. (1996).
4324:, Blackburn Press. B&N
3567:, Oxford University Press,
2464:
2416:Latin American Perspectives
2380:
2242:The University of Sheffield
1918:assumptions, especially in
1875:—influence each other. The
1760:Classical Economic thought.
10:
7356:
6146:International Trade Centre
5658:New neoclassical synthesis
5641:Real business-cycle theory
4546:Mayer, Charles S. (1987).
3949:World Bank Economic Review
3909:World Bank Economic Review
3289:and M. Intriligator, ed.,
2270:London School of Economics
2212:) and intellectuals (e.g.
2115:International Organization
1901:Public choice theory is a
1814:East India Company College
1677:Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot
1649:
1578:) and their governance by
992:Index of politics articles
29:
7256:
7223:
7207:
6954:
6680:
6657:
6589:
6421:Aircraft & Spacecraft
6411:
6376:
6355:
6329:
6303:
6272:
6263:
6206:
6114:
6066:Foreign exchange reserves
6018:
5964:
5916:
5904:
5738:
5672:
5605:
5596:
5558:
5453:
5415:
5190:
5140:(1712-1780), two volumes.
5096:Resources in your library
4736:Haskell, John D. (2015).
4700:10.1017/S0922156512000635
4621:10.1017/S0260210599005318
4581:cf: Baker, David (2006).
3550:, 10(1), pp. 61–84.
2906:History of European Ideas
2850:Groenwegen, Peter. (1987
2812:Marshall, Alfred. (1890)
2803:Steiner (2003), pp. 61–62
2522:Marxian political economy
1960:central-bank independence
1956:political business cycles
1841:interdisciplinary studies
6141:World Trade Organization
5663:Saltwater and freshwater
5128:"Politics and economics"
5027:American Economic Review
4811:"Why Political Economy?"
4764:Harvard University Press
3832:American Economic Review
3586:American Economic Review
3456:American Economic Review
3439:, pp. 12967–12970.
3211:2008). "public choice,"
3195:, drilled to at JEL: D7.
2563:
2487:Constitutional economics
2395:Economics & Politics
2144:; two major figures are
154:JEL classification codes
6860:international relations
6342:Eurasian Economic Union
6230:Repeal of the Corn Laws
5587:International economics
5512:Overlapping generations
5016:Leroux, Robert (2011),
4873:Encyclopedia Britannica
4679:Kennedy, David (2013).
4624:(inactive 2024-08-27).
3660:(2008). "public debt,"
3328:, v. 1, Edward Elgar.
3293:, Elsevier, v. 1, pp.
2815:Principles of Economics
2502:Institutional economics
2179:scholarship related to
1912:social welfare function
1896:international relations
1731:Antoine de Montchrétien
1401:Political organisations
1164:International relations
1002:Politics by subdivision
340:Industrial organization
197:Computational economics
7187:Quantum social science
6384:East African Community
6265:Regional organizations
5955:Mathematical economics
5691:Modern monetary theory
5444:Universal basic income
5066:Winch, Donald (1996).
4204:Drazen, Allan (2000).
4067:Sturzenegger, Federico
2313:
1997:political institutions
1977:
1836:
1696:William Stanley Jevons
1552:
192:Experimental economics
7224:Other categorizations
7077:International studies
7062:History of technology
6997:Communication studies
6880:public administration
6225:The Wealth of Nations
6183:Special economic zone
6046:Comparative advantage
5785:Wesley Clair Mitchell
5760:Thomas Robert Malthus
5582:Development economics
4907:"Ecology for bankers"
4596:, 11(2), pp. 227–250.
4594:New Political Economy
4467:Laffont, Jean-Jacques
3561:Greek Economic Review
3557:Williamson, Oliver E.
3475:, 2nd Edition, 2010.
2859:, v. 3, pp. 905–906.
2442:New Political Economy
2262:King's College London
2235:King's College London
2228:2008 financial crisis
2106:University of Warwick
2096:New Political Economy
2071:New political economy
1972:
1831:
1802:Joseph von Sonnenfels
1721:(meaning "home") and
1688:mathematical modeling
1545:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1543:
1481:Political campaigning
1221:Public administration
1054:Collective leadership
7057:Historical sociology
6245:Economic nationalism
6163:Economic integration
5507:Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans
5346:Liquidity preference
5022:, London, Routledge.
5007:Komls, John (2023).
4453:and chapter-preview
4445:, MIT Press. Review
4390:and chapter-preview
4219:& ch. 1-preview
4084:and chapter-preview
3872:and chapter-preview
3630:Nordhaus, William D.
3350:, Political Economy.
2827:Jevons, W. Stanley.
2193:Immanuel Wallerstein
2124:Peter J. Katzenstein
2055:and the relation of
2045:macroeconomic policy
2029:transition economies
1880:classification codes
1806:University of Vienna
1705:classical liberalism
1331:Separation of powers
1202:Political psychology
1177:Comparative politics
1155:political scientists
1142:Academic disciplines
1022:Political philosophy
419:Social choice theory
36:Public choice theory
7237:Geisteswissenschaft
7231:Behavioral sciences
7157:Political sociology
7072:Information science
7017:Development studies
6501:Integrated circuits
6285:Caribbean Community
6081:Net capital outflow
6031:Balance of payments
6012:International trade
5925:Macroeconomic model
5790:John Maynard Keynes
5572:Economic statistics
5517:General equilibrium
4869:"political economy"
4338:Economy and Society
4168:Alesina, Alberto F.
3694:Written at Moscow.
2277:Related disciplines
1928:economic regulation
1884:resource allocation
1700:Google Ngram Viewer
1504:Politics portal
1353:Election commission
1324:Government branches
1207:Political sociology
1059:Confessional system
997:Politics by country
886:Business portal
207:Operations research
187:National accounting
7292:Society portal
6779:auxiliary sciences
6413:Exports by product
6363:Arab Customs Union
6026:Absolute advantage
5865:Edward C. Prescott
5577:Monetary economics
4994:2023-04-12 at the
4983:2011-05-10 at the
4963:2015-05-01 at the
4588:2011-06-23 at the
4568:2023-04-30 at the
4557:2013-03-09 at the
4530:2023-04-12 at the
4519:2013-01-15 at the
4496:2012-03-04 at the
4480:2013-05-10 at the
4460:2023-04-12 at the
4421:2023-04-12 at the
4410:2023-04-30 at the
4386:2014-03-06 at the
4363:2013-05-22 at the
4347:2017-11-12 at the
4331:2013-05-17 at the
4311:2023-04-12 at the
4300:2013-05-10 at the
4284:2013-01-19 at the
4268:2013-07-23 at the
4257:2013-06-23 at the
4226:2010-12-07 at the
4215:2010-10-22 at the
4192:2017-02-06 at the
4181:2011-06-11 at the
4147:, The World Bank.
4138:2023-04-12 at the
4127:2018-04-16 at the
4111:2021-05-01 at the
4080:2012-10-11 at the
4060:2013-05-22 at the
4036:2012-05-27 at the
4010:2019-10-31 at the
3981:2023-04-12 at the
3974:, 7, pp. 247–272.
3958:2011-11-17 at the
3935:2012-04-01 at the
3890:2018-12-15 at the
3879:2023-04-30 at the
3868:2017-11-17 at the
3841:2013-11-05 at the
3817:2023-04-12 at the
3806:2013-03-09 at the
3786:2023-04-30 at the
3775:2013-03-09 at the
3752:North, Douglass C.
3745:2013-05-22 at the
3729:2013-05-10 at the
3671:2013-05-22 at the
3658:Buchanan, James M.
3643:2020-04-01 at the
3623:2010-12-29 at the
3574:2023-04-12 at the
3541:2013-05-10 at the
3525:2011-05-11 at the
3498:2013-05-22 at the
3482:2010-12-29 at the
3421:2023-04-12 at the
3410:2013-03-09 at the
3383:2013-03-09 at the
3367:2023-04-12 at the
3354:Peter C. Ordeshook
3346:2023-04-30 at the
3335:2012-05-24 at the
3314:2011-06-29 at the
3269:2013-05-22 at the
3245:2013-07-01 at the
3222:2018-01-07 at the
3191:2013-11-18 at the
3180:2017-11-05 at the
3157:2013-05-22 at the
3141:2013-03-09 at the
3130:2013-01-22 at the
3107:2013-11-18 at the
3084:2013-05-22 at the
3068:2013-05-28 at the
3047:2013-11-18 at the
3024:2023-04-30 at the
3013:2013-01-25 at the
2878:2019-04-02 at the
2838:2023-04-12 at the
2742:www.britannica.com
2713:www.britannica.com
2477:Economic sociology
2266:Warwick University
2189:André Gunder Frank
1978:
1924:government failure
1910:from some kind of
1837:
1824:Current approaches
1727:économie politique
1694:in 1890. Earlier,
1576:national economies
1553:
1187:Political analysis
1119:Semi-parliamentary
217:Industrial complex
212:Middle income trap
7325:Political economy
7312:
7311:
7152:Political economy
7147:Political ecology
7002:Community studies
6992:Cognitive science
6955:Interdisciplinary
6855:Political science
6617:
6616:
6407:
6406:
6377:Subsaharan Africa
6208:Political economy
5978:
5977:
5951:Political economy
5895:N. Gregory Mankiw
5885:Thomas J. Sargent
5734:
5733:
5725:Market monetarism
5529:Endogenous growth
5358:National accounts
5148:Project Gutenberg
5144:Harriet Martineau
5087:Political economy
5082:Library resources
4917:(7181): 893–895.
4397:Thurow, Lester C.
3360:, Cambridge, pp.
3230:Arrow, Kenneth J.
3100:as drilled to in
2892:The Capital Order
2594:978-1-316-51636-2
2532:Political ecology
2497:Economic ideology
2218:international law
2001:transaction costs
1940:market protection
1886:for each type of
1853:political science
1628:political science
1624:interdisciplinary
1600:financial markets
1560:political science
1556:Political economy
1538:
1537:
1486:Political parties
1426:Electoral systems
1150:Political science
1124:Semi-presidential
1036:Political systems
1012:Political history
1007:Political economy
934:
933:
18:Political Economy
16:(Redirected from
7347:
7335:Economic systems
7300:
7290:
7289:
7276:
7275:
7264:
7263:
7167:Regional science
7012:Cultural studies
6987:Business studies
6644:
6637:
6630:
6621:
6620:
6607:
6606:
6597:
6596:
6270:
6269:
6136:World Bank Group
6036:Balance of trade
6005:
5998:
5991:
5982:
5981:
5970:
5969:
5875:William Nordhaus
5860:Robert Lucas Jr.
5750:François Quesnay
5603:
5602:
5370:Nominal rigidity
5341:Demand for money
5319:Microfoundations
5255:Financial crisis
5235:Effective demand
5205:Aggregate supply
5200:Aggregate demand
5177:
5170:
5163:
5154:
5153:
5047:Pressman, Steven
4970:Commons, John R.
4937:
4936:
4926:
4902:
4896:
4889:
4883:
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4880:
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4826:
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4782:
4776:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4740:. Edward Elgar.
4733:
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4573:
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4538:
4506:
4500:
4435:Persson, Torsten
4431:
4425:
4395: •
4373:
4367:
4356:, Edward Elgar.
4242:• Dietz, Simon,
4240:
4234:
4202:
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4159:
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4088:
4047:
4041:
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3895:
3852:
3846:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3691:
3685:
3678:IMF Staff Papers
3654:
3648:
3608:
3602:
3508:
3502:
3469:
3463:
3452:Krueger, Anne O.
3449:
3443:
3431:
3425:
3397:
3391:
3339:and contents of
3279:
3273:
3256:
3250:
3202:
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3094:
3088:
3077:, 2nd Edition.
3034:
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2938:
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2895:
2888:
2882:
2866:
2860:
2848:
2842:
2831:, 1879, 2nd ed.
2825:
2819:
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2795:
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2685:
2677:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2576:
2367:Cultural studies
2318:
2185:underdevelopment
2169:economic capital
2075:Charles S. Maier
1942:, institutional
1903:microfoundations
1798:Antonio Genovesi
1774:John Stuart Mill
1675:(1694–1774) and
1673:François Quesnay
1653:
1639:moral philosophy
1632:modern economics
1530:
1523:
1516:
1502:
1501:
1292:
1237:
1192:Political theory
1182:Election science
1172:
1158:
936:
935:
926:
919:
912:
898:Money portal
896:
895:
894:
884:
883:
380:Natural resource
172:Economic systems
68:
45:
44:
21:
7355:
7354:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7315:
7314:
7313:
7308:
7284:
7252:
7219:
7203:
7177:Science studies
6961:Administration
6950:
6676:
6653:
6651:Social sciences
6648:
6618:
6613:
6585:
6531:Pharmaceuticals
6403:
6372:
6351:
6325:
6299:
6259:
6255:Dedollarisation
6202:
6188:Trade agreement
6178:Free-trade zone
6119:
6117:
6110:
6051:Current account
6041:Capital account
6014:
6009:
5979:
5974:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5912:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5880:Joseph Stiglitz
5840:Milton Friedman
5820:Friedrich Hayek
5741:macroeconomists
5730:
5729:
5728:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5539:Mundell–Fleming
5534:Matching theory
5472:Keynesian cross
5449:
5448:
5447:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5186:
5181:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5078:
5073:
5057:Rausser, Gordon
5053:Routledge, 1996
4996:Wayback Machine
4985:Wayback Machine
4965:Wayback Machine
4945:
4940:
4924:10.1038/451893a
4903:
4899:
4895:, 4(3):203–239.
4890:
4886:
4877:
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4655:
4651:
4635:
4634:
4604:
4600:
4590:Wayback Machine
4580:
4576:
4570:Wayback Machine
4561:and scrollable
4559:Wayback Machine
4545:
4541:
4532:Wayback Machine
4521:Wayback Machine
4507:
4503:
4498:Wayback Machine
4484:
4482:Wayback Machine
4465: •
4464:
4462:Wayback Machine
4439:Guido Tabellini
4432:
4428:
4423:Wayback Machine
4412:Wayback Machine
4394:
4388:Wayback Machine
4374:
4370:
4365:Wayback Machine
4351:
4349:Wayback Machine
4335:
4333:Wayback Machine
4316: •
4315:
4313:Wayback Machine
4302:Wayback Machine
4288:
4286:Wayback Machine
4272:
4270:Wayback Machine
4259:Wayback Machine
4244:Jonathan Michie
4241:
4237:
4228:Wayback Machine
4217:Wayback Machine
4203:
4199:
4194:Wayback Machine
4183:Wayback Machine
4166:
4162:
4142:
4140:Wayback Machine
4129:Wayback Machine
4115:
4113:Wayback Machine
4095:
4091:
4082:Wayback Machine
4065: •
4064:
4062:Wayback Machine
4053:, 2nd Edition.
4048:
4044:
4038:Wayback Machine
4023:Acemoglu, Daron
4021:
4017:
4012:Wayback Machine
4003:
3999:
3992:
3988:
3983:Wayback Machine
3969:
3965:
3960:Wayback Machine
3946:
3942:
3937:Wayback Machine
3928:, 112(4), pp.
3923:
3919:
3903:Beck, Thorsten
3902:
3898:
3892:Wayback Machine
3883:Review-excerpt
3881:Wayback Machine
3870:Wayback Machine
3853:
3849:
3843:Wayback Machine
3829:
3819:Wayback Machine
3808:Wayback Machine
3791: •
3790:
3788:Wayback Machine
3777:Wayback Machine
3763:
3750: •
3749:
3747:Wayback Machine
3738:, 2nd Edition.
3733:
3731:Wayback Machine
3716:Timothy, Besley
3713:
3709:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3675:
3673:Wayback Machine
3664:, 2nd Edition.
3655:
3651:
3645:Wayback Machine
3628: •
3627:
3625:Wayback Machine
3616:, 2nd Edition.
3609:
3605:
3593:
3580: •
3579:
3578:, pp. 195–218.
3576:Wayback Machine
3555: •
3554:
3545:
3543:Wayback Machine
3529:
3527:Wayback Machine
3512:Becker, Gary S.
3509:
3505:
3500:Wayback Machine
3491:, 2nd Edition.
3486:
3484:Wayback Machine
3470:
3466:
3450:
3446:
3432:
3428:
3423:Wayback Machine
3412:Wayback Machine
3398:
3394:
3385:Wayback Machine
3371:
3369:Wayback Machine
3352: •
3351:
3348:Wayback Machine
3337:Wayback Machine
3323:
3316:Wayback Machine
3298:
3280:
3276:
3271:Wayback Machine
3262:, 2nd Edition.
3257:
3253:
3247:Wayback Machine
3228: •
3227:
3224:Wayback Machine
3206:Tullock, Gordon
3203:
3199:
3193:Wayback Machine
3182:Wayback Machine
3168:
3164:
3159:Wayback Machine
3150:, 2nd Edition.
3145:
3143:Wayback Machine
3132:Wayback Machine
3115: •
3114:
3112:
3109:Wayback Machine
3095:
3091:
3086:Wayback Machine
3072:
3070:Wayback Machine
3061:, 2nd Edition.
3054:
3052:
3049:Wayback Machine
3035:
3031:
3026:Wayback Machine
3015:Wayback Machine
3001:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2945:
2941:
2902:
2898:
2890:Mattei, Clara.
2889:
2885:
2880:Wayback Machine
2867:
2863:
2849:
2845:
2840:Wayback Machine
2826:
2822:
2811:
2807:
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2798:
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2764:
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2735:
2731:
2722:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2679:
2678:
2666:
2652:
2648:
2633:
2619:Bladen, Vincent
2616:
2612:
2604:
2602:
2595:
2577:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2467:
2462:
2383:
2279:
2161:social networks
2157:economic values
2138:Antonio Gramsci
2128:Stephen Krasner
2061:economic policy
2009:economic growth
1985:economic policy
1916:rational-choice
1888:economic system
1857:economic system
1826:
1714:
1692:Alfred Marshall
1558:is a branch of
1534:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1421:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1326:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:Public interest
1296:Domestic policy
1286:
1279:
1278:
1267:
1266:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1212:
1211:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1039:
1038:
1027:
1026:
982:
981:
972:
941:Politics series
930:
892:
890:
878:
871:
870:
841:
831:
830:
829:
828:
592:von Böhm-Bawerk
480:
469:
468:
230:
222:
221:
177:Economic growth
167:
159:
158:
100:
98:classifications
43:
40:Economic policy
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7353:
7343:
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7337:
7332:
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7310:
7309:
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7294:
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7270:
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7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7120:social science
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7052:Global studies
7049:
7047:Gender studies
7044:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7032:
7030:social science
7026:Environmental
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
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6759:
6754:
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6737:
6732:
6727:
6725:macroeconomics
6722:
6720:microeconomics
6712:
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6695:
6684:
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6678:
6677:
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6658:
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6426:Aircraft parts
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6115:
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6109:
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6106:Trading nation
6103:
6098:
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6078:
6073:
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6058:
6053:
6048:
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6016:
6015:
6008:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5985:
5976:
5975:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5952:
5949:
5947:Microeconomics
5944:
5943:
5942:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5850:Lawrence Klein
5847:
5845:Paul Samuelson
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5800:Michał Kalecki
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5715:Disequilibrium
5712:
5711:
5710:
5703:Post-Keynesian
5700:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5683:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5660:
5655:
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5644:
5643:
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5611:
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5600:
5594:
5593:
5589:
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5569:
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5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:Related fields
5556:
5555:
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5536:
5531:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5487:Phillips curve
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5441:
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5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5355:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5338:
5336:Money creation
5333:
5332:
5331:
5321:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5294:
5292:Liquidity trap
5289:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5210:Business cycle
5207:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:Basic concepts
5188:
5187:
5184:Macroeconomics
5180:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5141:
5131:
5130:article links.
5121:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:External links
5074:
5072:
5071:
5064:
5054:
5044:
5034:
5023:
5014:
5005:
4998:
4967:
4950:Baran, Paul A.
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4897:
4884:
4860:
4831:
4817:. 2012-11-05.
4802:
4777:
4773:978-0674430006
4753:
4747:978-1781005347
4746:
4728:
4671:
4662:
4649:
4614:(3): 531–535.
4598:
4574:
4539:
4501:
4426:
4379:, MIT Press
4368:
4318:John S. Dryzek
4235:
4208:, Princeton.
4197:
4160:
4098:Roland, Gérard
4089:
4073:, MIT Press.
4042:
4029:, 100(1), pp.
4015:
3997:
3986:
3963:
3940:
3917:
3896:
3855:Dixit, Avinash
3847:
3834:, 100(3), pp.
3793:Ostrom, Elinor
3758:, 142(1), pp.
3707:
3686:
3649:
3603:
3503:
3464:
3444:
3426:
3392:
3283:Shubik, Martin
3274:
3251:
3197:
3162:
3117:Gilpin, Robert
3089:
3029:
2995:
2966:
2959:
2939:
2896:
2883:
2870:Policy Options
2861:
2843:
2820:
2805:
2796:
2758:
2729:
2697:
2665:978-1116761184
2664:
2658:. Bibliolife.
2646:
2632:978-1442632103
2631:
2610:
2593:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2557:Socioeconomics
2554:
2552:Social capital
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2507:Land value tax
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2445:
2438:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2405:
2392:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2373:Communications
2370:
2364:
2357:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2331:
2327:pseudo-Spanish
2320:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2249:
2238:
2231:
2224:Thomas Piketty
2221:
2206:legal realists
2202:
2196:
2187:postulated by
2153:
2146:Matthew Watson
2120:Robert Keohane
2099:
2031:, the role of
1948:distributional
1833:Robert Keohane
1825:
1822:
1816:, Haileybury,
1810:Thomas Malthus
1794:southern Italy
1713:
1710:
1679:(1727–1781).
1661:Thomas Malthus
1596:labour markets
1582:systems (e.g.
1570:systems (e.g.
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1493:
1492:
1489:
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1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
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1428:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1375:
1369:
1366:Related topics
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1301:Foreign policy
1298:
1293:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:Policy studies
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1162:
1160:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1136:
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1061:
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1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
983:
980:Primary topics
979:
978:
977:
974:
973:
971:
970:
965:
960:
954:
951:
950:
944:
943:
932:
931:
929:
928:
921:
914:
906:
903:
902:
901:
900:
888:
873:
872:
869:
868:
863:
853:
848:
842:
837:
836:
833:
832:
827:
826:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
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524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
483:
482:
481:
475:
474:
471:
470:
467:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
385:Organizational
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
231:
229:By application
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
122:
117:
112:
107:
101:
95:
94:
91:
90:
89:
88:
83:
78:
70:
69:
61:
60:
54:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7352:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7295:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7259:
7258:
7255:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7243:Human science
7241:
7239:
7238:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7222:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7206:
7200:
7199:Vegan studies
7197:
7195:
7192:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7162:Public health
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7096:Philosophies
7095:
7093:
7092:Media studies
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7067:Human ecology
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6977:Anthrozoology
6975:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6953:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6902:developmental
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6875:public policy
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6826:legal systems
6824:
6822:
6821:legal history
6819:
6817:
6816:jurisprudence
6814:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6740:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6656:
6652:
6645:
6640:
6638:
6633:
6631:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6610:
6602:
6600:
6592:
6591:
6588:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6536:Photovoltaics
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6262:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6241:Protectionism
6239:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6193:Trade barrier
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6116:Organizations
6113:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6096:Trade justice
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6071:Globalization
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6006:
6001:
5999:
5994:
5992:
5987:
5986:
5983:
5973:
5963:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5870:Peter Diamond
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5855:Edmund Phelps
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5830:Richard Stone
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5815:Joan Robinson
5813:
5811:
5810:Simon Kuznets
5808:
5806:
5805:Gunnar Myrdal
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5780:Irving Fisher
5778:
5776:
5775:Knut Wicksell
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5744:
5742:
5737:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5636:New classical
5634:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5385:Shrinkflation
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5282:Interest rate
5280:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5239:Expectations
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5178:
5173:
5171:
5166:
5164:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5138:James Steuart
5135:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5115:working-paper
5112:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5029:, 97(4), pp.
5028:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5004:, 1 Jan. 2017
5003:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4976:, Macmillan.
4975:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4888:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4791:
4787:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4765:
4762:
4757:
4749:
4743:
4739:
4732:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4666:
4659:
4653:
4645:
4639:
4631:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4578:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4534:, and review
4533:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4489:, 31(4), pp.
4488:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4340:, 30(3), pp.
4339:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4293:, Routledge.
4292:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4250:, Routledge.
4249:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4230:, and review
4229:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4172:NBER Reporter
4169:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4153:9780821344705
4150:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4120:, MIT Press.
4119:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4104:, 16(1), pp.
4103:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3914:
3911:,15(1), pp.
3910:
3906:
3900:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3861:. MIT Press.
3860:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3840:
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3826:9780521405997
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3698:
3690:
3683:
3680:, 42(1), pp.
3679:
3674:
3670:
3667:
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3646:
3642:
3639:
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3631:
3626:
3622:
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3615:
3614:
3607:
3601:
3598:, 18(1), pp.
3597:
3591:
3588:, 89(5), pp.
3587:
3583:
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3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3534:, 89(4), pp.
3533:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3518:, 98(3), pp.
3517:
3513:
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3376:, Cambridge.
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3166:
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3149:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3123:, Princeton.
3122:
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3110:
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3033:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3006:. Oxford UP.
3005:
2999:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2962:
2960:9782051029391
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2449:Public Choice
2446:
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2151:
2150:Robert W. Cox
2147:
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2117:
2116:
2111:
2110:Susan Strange
2107:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2093:
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2085:
2081:
2080:Andrew Gamble
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2057:constitutions
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1975:
1974:Susan Strange
1971:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
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1889:
1885:
1881:
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1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1843:drawing upon
1842:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1818:Hertfordshire
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1778:David Ricardo
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1739:Tunisian Arab
1736:
1732:
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1724:
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1709:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
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1674:
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1665:David Ricardo
1662:
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1306:Civil society
1304:
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1284:Public policy
1282:
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1125:
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1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:Parliamentary
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Hybrid regime
1087:
1085:
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1080:
1077:
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523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
487:de Mandeville
485:
484:
479:
473:
472:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
416:
415:Public choice
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
390:Participation
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Institutional
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
300:Expeditionary
298:
296:
293:
291:
290:Environmental
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
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243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
226:
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218:
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210:
208:
205:
203:
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195:
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190:
188:
185:
183:
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163:
162:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
121:
120:International
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:Branches and
93:
92:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
72:
71:
67:
63:
62:
59:
56:
55:
51:
47:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7301:
7277:
7265:
7235:
7151:
7042:Food studies
6982:Area studies
6735:mathematical
6730:econometrics
6688:Anthropology
6511:Live animals
6491:Gas turbines
6304:Asia-Pacific
6236:Mercantilism
6223:
6207:
6118:and policies
5890:Paul Krugman
5835:Hyman Minsky
5795:Alvin Hansen
5567:Econometrics
5544:Overshooting
5497:Harrod–Domar
5492:Arrow–Debreu
5439:Central bank
5405:Unemployment
5395:Supply shock
5353:Money supply
5230:Disinflation
5225:Demand shock
5086:
5067:
5060:
5050:
5037:
5026:
5018:
5009:
5001:
4973:
4953:
4914:
4910:
4900:
4892:
4887:
4876:. Retrieved
4872:
4863:
4852:. Retrieved
4843:
4834:
4823:. Retrieved
4814:
4805:
4794:. Retrieved
4780:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4737:
4731:
4721:December 24,
4719:. Retrieved
4691:
4687:
4674:
4665:
4657:
4652:
4638:cite journal
4611:
4607:
4601:
4593:
4577:
4547:
4542:
4509:
4504:
4486:
4475:Description.
4470:
4442:
4429:
4403:, Penguin.
4400:
4376:
4371:
4358:Description.
4353:
4337:
4326:description.
4321:
4290:
4274:
4247:
4238:
4205:
4200:
4171:
4163:
4157:Description.
4144:
4117:
4101:
4092:
4070:
4050:
4045:
4026:
4018:
4000:
3989:
3971:
3966:
3951:, 8(3), pp.
3948:
3943:
3925:
3920:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3858:
3850:
3831:
3810:and preview
3796:
3765:
3755:
3735:
3724:Description.
3719:
3710:
3701:
3696:
3689:
3677:
3661:
3652:
3633:
3611:
3606:
3595:
3585:
3582:Krusell, Per
3564:
3560:
3547:
3531:
3515:
3506:
3488:
3472:
3467:
3455:
3447:
3434:
3429:
3400:
3395:
3373:
3357:
3325:
3300:
3290:
3277:
3259:
3254:
3233:
3212:
3200:
3165:
3147:
3120:
3113:For example:
3092:
3074:
3056:
3053:For example:
3032:
3003:
2998:
2987:. Retrieved
2978:
2969:
2949:
2942:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2891:
2886:
2869:
2864:
2854:
2846:
2828:
2823:
2813:
2808:
2799:
2788:. Retrieved
2771:
2761:
2750:. Retrieved
2741:
2732:
2721:. Retrieved
2712:
2655:
2649:
2622:
2613:
2603:, retrieved
2584:
2547:Social model
2455:
2447:
2440:
2427:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2394:
2387:
2323:Anthropology
2280:
2214:John Commons
2142:Karl Polanyi
2131:
2113:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2065:
2021:backwardness
2017:institutions
1979:
1964:Lev Gatovsky
1936:rent-seeking
1900:
1877:
1838:
1782:Henry George
1763:
1753:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1681:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1608:distribution
1588:institutions
1555:
1554:
1548:
1234:street-level
1109:Presidential
1069:Dictatorship
1006:
939:Part of the
856:Publications
821:
444:Sociological
417: /
315:Geographical
295:Evolutionary
270:Digitization
235:Agricultural
148:
139:Mathematical
110:Econometrics
7303:Wikiversity
7194:Social work
7082:Linguistics
7007:Criminology
6924:criminology
6907:personality
6865:comparative
6843:Linguistics
6836:private law
6693:archaeology
6516:Natural gas
6481:Electronics
6476:Electricity
6086:Outsourcing
6019:Terminology
5770:Léon Walras
5653:Supply-side
5482:Accelerator
5390:Stagflation
5375:Price level
5270:Demand-pull
4978:Description
4552:Description
4514:Description
4451:description
4405:Description
4381:Description
4295:Description
4252:Description
4210:Description
4122:Description
4075:Description
3863:Description
3801:Description
3770:Description
3636:, (2), pp.
3378:Description
3330:Description
3318:and review
3309:Description
3238:, 2nd ed.,
3125:Description
3008:Description
2512:Law of rent
2334:Archaeology
2315:Das Kapital
2210:Robert Hale
2181:development
2177:neo-Marxian
2108:professor,
2049:environment
2013:development
1952:forecasting
1920:game theory
1808:, Austria.
1766:physiocrats
1750:Ibn Khaldun
1746:Sociologist
1669:physiocrats
1373:Sovereignty
1338:Legislature
1241:Technocracy
1229:Bureaucracy
1094:Meritocracy
1074:Directorial
692:von Neumann
345:Information
285:Engineering
265:Development
260:Demographic
202:Game theory
144:Methodology
7319:Categories
7248:Humanities
7182:historical
7115:psychology
7087:Management
6929:demography
6887:Psychology
6870:philosophy
6831:public law
6762:integrated
6556:Telephones
6220:Adam Smith
6216:Free trade
6198:Trade bloc
6173:ATA Carnet
6061:Fair trade
5825:John Hicks
5755:Adam Smith
5708:Circuitism
5698:Ecological
5686:Chartalism
5631:Monetarism
5606:Mainstream
5502:Solow–Swan
5477:Multiplier
5434:Commercial
5329:Endogenous
5287:Investment
5013:Routledge.
4943:References
4878:2017-06-15
4854:2019-03-04
4825:2022-04-26
4796:2019-03-04
4572:Cambridge.
4473:, Oxford.
3930:1057–1090.
3722:, Oxford.
3458:, 64(3),
2989:2022-02-06
2790:2022-05-15
2752:2022-05-15
2723:2022-05-15
2641:1013947543
2605:2022-06-18
2341:Psychology
2292:Philosophy
2199:Historians
1944:corruption
1861:capitalist
1770:Adam Smith
1755:Muqaddimah
1671:, such as
1657:Adam Smith
1612:inequality
1592:government
1463:Governance
1453:Government
1448:Federalism
1049:City-state
851:Economists
722:Schumacher
627:Schumpeter
597:von Wieser
517:von Thünen
478:economists
454:Statistics
449:Solidarity
370:Managerial
335:Humanistic
330:Historical
275:Ecological
240:Behavioral
134:Mainstream
7126:Planning
7105:economics
7022:Education
6919:Sociology
6897:cognitive
6848:semiotics
6799:political
6757:technical
6742:Geography
6715:Economics
6451:Computers
6436:Car parts
6431:Aluminium
6168:Incoterms
6101:Trade war
5935:Economics
5765:Karl Marx
5673:Heterodox
5648:Stockholm
5614:Keynesian
5380:Recession
5275:Cost-push
5265:Inflation
5220:Deflation
5126:(Europe)
5124:VoxEU.org
5117:abstract
4972:(1934 ).
4958:extrract.
4708:153363066
4630:1469-9044
4055:Abstract.
3740:Abstract.
3666:Abstract.
3618:Abstract.
3552:Abstract.
3493:Abstract.
3477:Abstract.
3441:Abstract.
3305:MIT Press
3264:Abstract.
3152:Abstract.
3079:Abstract.
3063:Abstract.
2934:219747599
2926:0191-6599
2912:: 91–96.
2682:cite book
2674:663099414
2436:0156-5826
2403:0954-1985
2347:Geography
2330:cultures.
2309:Karl Marx
2304:Sociology
2298:Economics
2258:Cambridge
2246:Colin Hay
2088:Colin Hay
2037:ethnicity
1908:utilities
1869:communist
1865:socialist
1849:sociology
1845:economics
1786:Karl Marx
1742:Historian
1712:Etymology
1684:economics
1651:οἰκονομία
1620:economics
1580:political
1566:studying
1564:economics
1443:Unitarism
1431:Elections
1419:Subseries
1348:Judiciary
1343:Executive
1246:Adhocracy
1129:Theocracy
1084:Feudalism
1064:Democracy
767:Greenspan
732:Samuelson
712:Galbraith
682:Tinbergen
622:von Mises
617:Heckscher
577:Edgeworth
395:Personnel
355:Knowledge
320:Happiness
310:Financial
280:Education
255:Democracy
149:Political
115:Heterodox
58:Economics
7267:Category
7135:regional
7130:land use
6965:business
6934:internet
6892:abnormal
6794:military
6784:economic
6774:cultural
6747:physical
6708:physical
6698:cultural
6599:Category
6571:Vehicles
6561:Textiles
6506:Iron ore
6471:Diamonds
6295:Mercosur
6273:Americas
5972:Category
5917:See also
5905:Critique
5739:Notable
5681:Austrian
5429:Monetary
5416:Policies
5248:Rational
5243:Adaptive
4992:Archived
4989:preview.
4981:Archived
4961:Archived
4952:(1957).
4933:18288170
4848:Archived
4819:Archived
4790:Archived
4767:, 2014,
4712:Archived
4694:: 7–48.
4586:Archived
4566:Archived
4563:preview.
4555:Archived
4536:extract.
4528:Archived
4517:Archived
4494:Archived
4491:620–652.
4478:Archived
4469:(2000).
4458:Archived
4441:(2000).
4419:Archived
4416:preview.
4408:Archived
4399:(1980).
4384:Archived
4361:Archived
4345:Archived
4342:381–394.
4329:Archived
4320:, 2000.
4309:Archived
4306:preview.
4298:Archived
4282:Archived
4266:Archived
4263:preview.
4255:Archived
4232:extract.
4224:Archived
4213:Archived
4190:Archived
4187:version.
4179:Archived
4136:Archived
4133:preview.
4125:Archived
4109:Archived
4078:Archived
4058:Archived
4034:Archived
4008:Archived
3979:Archived
3956:Archived
3953:351–371.
3933:Archived
3888:Archived
3877:Archived
3866:Archived
3857:(1996).
3839:Archived
3815:Archived
3804:Archived
3795:(1990).
3784:Archived
3781:preview.
3773:Archived
3743:Archived
3727:Archived
3718:(2007).
3669:Archived
3641:Archived
3621:Archived
3572:Archived
3539:Archived
3536:642–664.
3523:Archived
3520:371–400.
3496:Archived
3480:Archived
3419:Archived
3416:preview.
3408:Archived
3389:preview.
3381:Archived
3365:Archived
3344:Archived
3333:Archived
3312:Archived
3287:K. Arrow
3267:Archived
3243:Archived
3240:ch. VIII
3232:(1963).
3220:Archived
3217:Abstract
3189:Archived
3178:Archived
3175:JEL: D74
3171:JEL: D72
3155:Archived
3139:Archived
3128:Archived
3119:(2001),
3105:Archived
3082:Archived
3066:Archived
3045:Archived
3022:Archived
3019:preview.
3011:Archived
2983:Archived
2876:Archived
2836:Archived
2784:Archived
2746:Archived
2717:Archived
2621:(2016).
2599:archived
2465:See also
2381:Journals
2286:Politics
2268:and the
2053:fairness
1993:economic
1982:modeling
1932:monopoly
1568:economic
1471:Ideology
1289:doctrine
1250:Service
1114:Republic
1099:Monarchy
1079:Federacy
968:Category
948:Politics
860:journals
846:Glossary
797:Stiglitz
762:Rothbard
742:Buchanan
727:Friedman
717:Koopmans
707:Leontief
687:Robinson
572:Marshall
476:Notable
424:Regional
400:Planning
375:Monetary
305:Feminist
250:Cultural
245:Business
50:a series
48:Part of
7279:Commons
7110:history
7100:science
7035:studies
6769:History
6681:Primary
6667:History
6662:Outline
6609:Commons
6486:Engines
6249:Autarky
5940:Applied
5720:Marxian
5598:Schools
4525:preview
4447:extract
4176:pp. 1–5
4031:115–131
3836:641–672
3320:extract
3098:JEL: F5
2833:p. xiv.
2360:Ecology
2354:History
2173:capital
2033:culture
1572:markets
1476:Culture
1386:Country
1044:Anarchy
958:Outline
866:Schools
858: (
817:Piketty
812:Krugman
677:Kuznets
667:Kalecki
642:Polanyi
532:Cournot
527:Bastiat
512:Ricardo
502:Malthus
492:Quesnay
464:Welfare
434:Service
105:Applied
81:Outline
76:History
6970:public
6912:social
6804:social
6703:social
6566:Trucks
6526:Petrol
6466:Cotton
6456:Copper
6446:Coffee
6091:Tariff
5454:Models
5424:Fiscal
5400:Saving
5260:Growth
5119:links.
5084:about
5042:links.
5033:–1406.
4931:
4911:Nature
4840:"Home"
4771:
4744:
4706:
4628:
4455:links.
4437:, and
4392:links.
4279:links.
4151:
4106:29–50.
4086:links.
3905:et al.
3874:links.
3824:
3812:links.
3592:–1181.
3460:p. 291
3341:Part I
3040:as in
3038:JEL: P
2957:
2932:
2924:
2894:, 2022
2672:
2662:
2639:
2629:
2591:
2434:
2401:
2254:Oxford
2208:(e.g.
2165:social
2047:, the
2041:gender
2025:reform
1989:agents
1890:; (2)
1663:, and
1644:polity
1614:, and
1604:growth
1590:, and
1551:, 1758
1436:voting
1378:Polity
1276:Policy
1255:Public
1169:theory
802:Thaler
782:Ostrom
777:Becker
772:Sowell
752:Baumol
657:Myrdal
652:Sraffa
647:Frisch
637:Knight
632:Keynes
607:Fisher
602:Veblen
587:Pareto
567:Menger
562:George
557:Jevons
552:Walras
542:Gossen
410:Public
405:Policy
360:Labour
325:Health
182:Market
7140:urban
6944:urban
6939:rural
6789:human
6752:human
6672:Index
6576:Wheat
6546:Steel
6541:Ships
5549:NAIRU
5467:AD–AS
5462:IS–LM
5324:Money
5136:, by
4815:SPERI
4715:(PDF)
4704:S2CID
4684:(PDF)
4261:and
4221:link.
3915:–176.
3762:–237.
3700:[
3600:1–29.
3569:ch. 8
3462:–303.
3405:links
3362:9–30.
3297:-330.
3136:link.
2930:S2CID
2564:Notes
1873:mixed
1871:, or
1723:nomos
1719:oikos
1616:trade
1459:forms
1382:State
1259:Civil
963:Index
839:Lists
807:Hoppe
792:Lucas
757:Solow
747:Arrow
737:Simon
702:Lange
697:Hicks
672:Röpke
662:Hayek
612:Pigou
582:Clark
497:Smith
459:Urban
439:Socio
429:Rural
129:Macro
125:Micro
86:Index
7208:List
6581:Wine
6496:Gold
6461:Corn
6441:Coal
5619:Neo-
5522:DSGE
5215:CAGR
5111:NBER
5031:1374
4987:and
4929:PMID
4769:ISBN
4742:ISBN
4723:2015
4644:link
4626:ISSN
4523:and
4414:and
4304:and
4149:ISBN
4131:and
3976:PDF.
3885:link
3822:ISBN
3779:and
3684:–31.
3647:–68.
3590:1156
3414:and
3387:and
3173:and
3017:and
2955:ISBN
2922:ISSN
2692:link
2688:link
2670:OCLC
2660:ISBN
2637:OCLC
2627:ISBN
2589:ISBN
2432:ISSN
2399:ISSN
2191:and
2183:and
2167:and
2148:and
2140:and
2126:and
2039:and
2027:and
1995:and
1991:and
1946:and
1851:and
1784:and
1744:and
1630:and
1598:and
1574:and
1562:and
823:more
547:Marx
537:Mill
522:List
6811:Law
6521:Oil
5624:New
5363:SNA
5312:NNI
5307:GNI
5302:GDP
4919:doi
4915:451
4696:doi
4616:doi
3913:165
3760:230
3295:285
3169:At
3096:At
3036:At
2914:doi
2776:doi
2090:'s
2082:'s
2059:to
1792:in
1584:law
787:Sen
507:Say
365:Law
7321::
6247:,
6228:,
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5049:,
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1938:,
1934:,
1930:,
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