378:
629:, noted: "The broadcast concessionaires knew what to abide by. There was a healthy market and a growing demand that allowed them to develop and consolidate themselves as television companies. That went away quickly with the new TV." Daisy Cañón noted in 2003 that the privatization of Colombian television caused it to step back from a pluralism perspective, as the ability of Caracol and RCN to attract viewers and ratings causes high-quality cultural and other programs to be missed. Paula Arenas, former head of
544:, the last news program on the channel, and its producer CPS went off the air for lack of money, its news director calling the action a sign of the sure death of that channel; the next, Andes Televisión and Proyectamos Televisión turned in their slots and called it quits due to the CNTV banning infomercials and depriving the companies of vital revenues. The rapidly deteriorating situation prompted the
201:(such as 1991), those wishing to bid for a newscast could not bid for any other programming. The pressure for equal political representation made the production of newscasts among the most coveted and scrutinized elements of the mixed system. For instance, the 1983 round of concessions awarded six spaces for newscasts, three of them to conservative interests and three to liberals.
610:
In
November 2016, ANTV awarded Canal Uno's concession spaces for 10 years (starting in May 2017) to Plural Comunicaciones, a consortium of CM&, NTC, RTI and the US-based firm Hemisphere. The bidding was not without controversy. Jorge Barón Televisión had asked for a review of its 2013 request for
615:
David Luna and requested precautionary measures before the
Superintendency of Industry and Commerce in order to stop the bidding, arguing that it was not true that the company had surrendered the timeslots it had until 2013. The ANTV defended itself by arguing that the adjudication in 2003 was made
341:
would be at a disadvantage. Even though the channels had similar coverage area and technical capacity, as both were managed by
Inravisión from the same transmitter sites, it was perceived that their positioning after Cadena Uno might hurt them. They proposed the names Telecolombia and Telenacional
56:
as the sole producers of programs that aired on the two major channels. Following the introduction of two national private television channels to the country in the late 1990s, the recession of that same time period and a resulting combination of falling ratings and declining advertising revenues,
606:
The original length of these contracts was 10 years beginning 1 January 2004, but all except the RTI/Programar contract, which the companies opted to not renew, were extended in
September 2013 by the Autoridad Nacional de Televisión (ANTV), successor of the CNTV, to an expiration date of 30 April
451:
was placed in charge of developing a channel-wide news service. They also contracted one agency, Mejía y
Asociados, to market advertising for the entire channel, while they began selling and buying programs as a single group on the international market. There was significantly less cooperation on
82:
In 1955, the
Colombian government created what would be the model of national television for the next four decades. For the preceding year, the lone national channel had focused exclusively on educational and cultural programs. However, a fall in the world price of coffee, the country's principal
289:
were allocated between 4 and 13.5 hours a week. In the 1991 bidding cycle, the minimum was 8 hours a week, with a maximum of 16. For most companies, this was a major increase in output, which came with increased costs to
Inravisión for the programming time. (The minimum was further raised to 9.5
624:
Several television figures in
Colombia have posthumously mourned the loss of the mixed system, noting that it was one of the reasons that television in Colombia developed to be stronger than that of its Latin American peers and that privatization, as happened with the launch of Caracol and RCN,
459:
The timing was exceedingly poor. Along with the decreases in advertising revenue related to the
Colombian recession of the late 1990s, many of the major advertisers, linked to the economic groups that controlled Caracol and RCN, pulled their advertising budgets from the mixed system. To survive
141:
would bid, old ones would compete for new positions, and some would leave the air. At the start of the next calendar year, television schedules completely changed. These bidding cycles occurred in 1972, 1975, 1977, 1981, 1983, 1987, 1991 (see below), and 1997. (Note the varied length of the
471:
had asked for six of the eighteen daily hours of programming to be removed and for license costs to be lowered; their collective deficits had reached 100 billion
Colombian pesos (about US$ 53 million) and by 2001, their combined debts would exceed 26 billion pesos (about US$ 11.3 million).
633:, noted as part of Señal Colombia's series covering the 60th anniversary of television in Colombia that privatization caused television "as a creative exercise" to become a loss-making proposal and also that more recent Colombian television programs are more focused and formulaic.
455:
It was known at the time that the public-commercial Inravisión channels would be affected, but nobody predicted it would be as rapid a change as it was. In the first year of the private channels, they were growing at the rate anticipated for their fifth year of broadcasting.
310:
would take place in 1997 with new programming in 1998. QAP, known for its impartiality and independence, believed that this act served solely to get them (as well as several other newscasts critical of the government) off the air and withdrew from the 1997 bidding.
501:, saw a sharp and unexpected increase in its output — from a mere 5.5 hours at the start of 1998 to 41 hours a week after PUNCH's departure. Many of these programs were repeats, which led to further ratings declines. Companies like JES went from being
516:, which produced the weeknight 9:30pm newscasts on Canal A, made the decision to cease operations for reasons that included nonpayment of salaries of reporters and a debt of 14 billion Colombian pesos (over US$ 6 million). Less than ten
401:
of 1997, however, including Caracol and RCN which had limited spaces on the two major channels from January–July 1998. However, Caracol and RCN enjoyed limited output; notably, Caracol was left without any timeslots on Saturdays. Other
305:
Initially, the contract would run for six years with the government retaining the option to extend the contracts for another six. This element was dropped in a new television law late in 1996, which thus meant that a new
539:
The situation continued to worsen, and one channel was affected more than the other: while early on it had a ratings advantage over its public competitor, Canal A began to experience serious issues. One week in March,
94:, the state broadcaster), chose the timeslots and the programs they should air, and operated the national television infrastructure. The first of the major production companies began to spring up, such as
381:
Ratings share for Colombian TV channels 1998-2003. Note the shrinkage of the green and yellow spaces belonging to Canal A and Canal Uno and corresponding growth of RCN (red) and Caracol (blue). Source:
220:
that produced the newscast by the same name, left the air at the end of 1997). There were several exceptions: Jorge Enrique Pulido TV ceased operations in 1990 after its proprietor was murdered, and
278:
applied, and 24 won. These 24 were split into two groups of 12, originally dubbed Telenorte and Telesur, that would air their programs on competing channels. There were several other major changes:
142:
concessions: three years in the 1970s, two years in the early 1980s, four years in the mid-late 1980s, and six years after the passage of the Colombian Constitution of 1991.) There was also a small
579:
crisis but also due to out-of-date equipment and, in the case of the former, costly pension liabilities. Inravisión was replaced by RTVC (Radio Televisión Nacional de Colombia), now known as
297:
A new governing body was established (in accordance with Article 77 of the Constitution of 1991) to relieve Inravisión of its regulatory functions: the Comisión Nacional de Televisión (
787:
Vizcaíno, Milciades (July 2004). "La legislación de televisión en Colombia: entre el Estado y el mercado" [Colombian television legislation: between the state and the market].
612:
636:
Those that support privatization note that it made television much more responsive to viewer demands and increased the role of market forces in the Colombian television industry.
616:
to a temporary union between Programar and RTI and which also applied for the 40-month extension that was given to the licensees in 2013, though RTI and Programar did not agree.
464:, or infomercials, but those caused viewers to flee Canal Uno and Canal A, as did the increased programming flexibility enjoyed by the new private channels. The crisis was on.
122:, companies were assigned slots on both channels indiscriminately, and the mixed system began its 26-year reign as the undisputed model of commercial television in Colombia.
118:
known as TVC, briefly held a contract to program as much as 50% of the broadcast day, but did not meet with success. When Colombia gained a second national channel in 1972,
697:
625:
killed off many positive qualities of Colombia's television industry. In a 2004 retrospective on 50 years of television in Colombia, Iván McAllister, then the president of
69:, took total control of Canal Uno's operations, marking the first time since the 1950s that one entity was responsible for programming the network's entire broadcast day.
221:
1072:
1910:
595:
of the same year resulted in a dramatic realignment of the survivors on Canal Uno. Of the seven remnants, six were grouped into time-sharing cooperatives:
177:
Newscasts were particularly affected by these bidding periods, being particular points of pressure from political parties. New ones would appear after
243:, later to be known as CPT, were pioneers in this venue of programming. CPT was sold in 1988, did not bid in 1991, and returned at the start of 1998.
452:
Canal Uno, where companies operated in a much more independent manner, though several groups of companies began creating common advertising firms.
225:
346:
In March 1993, more ratings information came to Colombian screens. A court decision forced Inravisión to ban sexual and violent scenes from the
247:
548:
newspaper to dub the channel "a dying lion", a riff on its long-standing lion-themed idents. Coestrellas's mid-2003 liquidation left just one
648:– a similar system in the Netherlands which was run mostly by member-based public broadcasting associations along with some private companies
254:
that had the license to broadcast the Olympic Games and World Cup, was formed. It included such major names as R.T.I., Caracol, RCN, PUNCH,
61:
went into a tailspin that led to many closing in bankruptcy or becoming production companies for the private networks. By 2003, only seven
1801:
1297:
1287:
1779:
1415:
1385:
1351:
1257:
1222:
765:
556:) approved by the government on 19 June 2003, RTI was moved to Canal Uno. After several months of showing nothing but programs from
1749:
1718:
1627:
1567:
1476:
1445:
1187:
1154:
1124:
1093:
840:
735:
1828:
1687:
1657:
1597:
1536:
1506:
1321:
1021:
991:
961:
931:
901:
871:
810:
607:
2017. RTVC Sistema de Medios Públicos, along with Jorge Barón/Sportsat, NTC/Coltevisión and CM&, currently program Canal Uno.
1051:
705:
1854:
65:
were left on Canal Uno, later reduced to four. In May 2017, Plural Comunicaciones, a consortium including several former
671:
603:. Each of the four groups received 25% of Canal Uno's airtime, including the production of a newscast for each group.
580:
193:
in 1998 found itself moving from its traditional 7pm time to 12:30pm; both newscasts were linked with factions of the
512:, the bankruptcy reorganization law then in force in Colombia; this number rose to seven by July. Later in the year,
645:
611:
a ten-year extension, which the ANTV denied. For its part, Programar Televisión filed a criminal complaint against
439:
began to find ways to cooperate. The twelve Canal A companies formed the Canal A Society, within which each of the
1915:
271:
90:(National Channel), which was the only TV network in the country. The government, in turn (from 1964, through
194:
596:
599:
with newcomer Sportsat, NTC with Colombiana de Televisión and RTI with Programar Televisión, along with
473:
630:
366:
159:
429:
377:
232:, or administrative expiration of the contracts these companies had with Inravisión, was declared).
389:
In 1997, Colómbia awarded two private television licenses to Caracol and RCN, two of the largest
151:
513:
448:
22:
569:
520:
were left by August 2001. Some companies continued to work together, such as a partnership on
358:
had to submit their material to Inravisión 72 hours in advance to determine its suitability.
1294:
1284:
354:
were now required to state if the program was appropriate for minors to view. In addition,
490:
435:
Understanding that more unity was needed within each channel against the new competition,
322:
had disappeared as a result of losing bids, but six vanished in the 1991 cycle, including
213:
147:
8:
1771:
190:
1741:
1437:
1407:
1377:
1343:
1249:
1214:
757:
411:
1710:
1679:
1649:
1619:
1589:
1559:
1528:
1498:
1468:
1313:
1179:
1146:
1116:
1085:
1013:
983:
953:
923:
893:
863:
832:
727:
425:
240:
185:
after 1997) or move to new time slots (for instance, Datos y Mensajes and its flagship
95:
83:
export, forced the government to cut the portion of its budget allotted to television.
35:) are companies that produce television programs, especially for the public-commercial
1043:
802:
416:
1863:] (Video) (in Spanish). Señal Colombia Sistema de Medios Públicos. Archived from
342:
for the two channels, but ultimately, the two channels became Cadena Uno and Canal A.
323:
171:
259:
255:
114:(in 1963) also entered the new medium of television; their initial joint effort, a
626:
1301:
1291:
478:
182:
1864:
1904:
557:
494:
369:, on account of its internal problems. The spaces were returned to the CNTV.
91:
103:
532:, but that flopped so badly that Datos y Mensajes' flagship news program,
525:
421:
197:). Newscasts either ran on weekdays or on weekends and holidays. At some
46:
The Colombian television model from 1954 to the late 1990s, known as the
575:
Inravisión and Audiovisuales were liquidated in 2004, partly due to the
1774:[Concessions to three Canal Uno operators extended 40 months].
670:
Vecino Valero, Sandra Liliana; Muñoz Betancur, Isabel Cristina (2003).
314:
There were a variety of issues that accompanied the new bidding cycle:
212:
crisis did so at the end of one of those calendar years (for instance,
111:
133:
Every several years—often in every government—bidding cycles known as
282:
The quota for nationally-produced content increased, from 50% to 60%.
36:
274:
precipitated major changes in the way the licensing was handled. 31
167:
86:
Private companies bid to lease timeslots to air their shows on the
960:(in Spanish). Bogota: Casa Editorial El Tiempo. 30 December 1997.
1885:
1772:"Amplían por 40 meses concesiones a tres operadores de Canal Uno"
521:
119:
40:
1808:(in Spanish). Bogota: Casa Publisher El Tiempo. 30 November 2016
990:(in Spanish). Bogota: Casa Editorial El Tiempo. 5 January 1998.
568:), on 24 October 2003, Canal A became the government-controlled
552:
on the Canal A side standing, RTI. As part of a salvation plan (
600:
107:
493:
all returned their spaces to the CNTV. As the spaces came in,
383:
18:
Colombian television companies under unique state-run system
669:
1888:
Impacto económico de las industrias culturales en Colombia
896:[The bad hour of the programadora Audiovisuales].
758:"Abren nueva licitación en camales [sic] privados"
393:; their channels took to the air on 10 July 1998. Some 25
1074:(Now a dead link. Information is saved on the talk page.)
443:
acquired a program specialty. For instance, RTI produced
318:
In the 1983 and 1987 bidding cycles combined, only three
1016:[Lawsuits against television auction continue].
489:
leave the air: TeVecine, DFL Televisión, PUNCH, JES and
239:), usually with movies and special programs. Promec and
1856:
Todo lo que vimos: del sistema mixto a la privatización
613:
Minister of Information Technologies and Communications
235:
Separate bidding cycles were held to program holidays (
189:
wound up moving from weekdays to weekends in 1992; the
1346:[Programadora Tevecine goes into production].
406:
presented Caracol's marquee programs on that day, the
372:
326:, which protested along with four other disqualified
1014:"Siguen demandas contra la licitación de television"
397:
still applied for spaces on the two channels in the
1894:] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Convenio Andrés Bello.
1892:Economic impact of cultural industries in Colombia
1861:All we saw: From the mixed system to privatization
1149:[The twelve against the lion of Canal A].
1283:Value of Colombian peso converted to US dollars:
926:[National Television Commission starts].
482:, to competitor Caracol in order to stay afloat.
1902:
1829:"¿Por qué critican la licitación del Canal Uno?"
162:and one in 2000 that awarded spaces returned by
1344:"Programadora Tevecine se va por la producción"
894:"La mala hora de la programadora Audiovisuales"
505:to program producers for the private networks.
301:or CNTV). This entity began operations in 1995.
154:(whose owner was murdered); a larger off-cycle
1314:"Crecen las deudas de las programadoras de TV"
760:[Bidding opened on private channels].
508:By March 2001, six companies had fallen under
228:were forced out for nonpayment of debt (after
1682:[The measures came too late for us].
861:
730:[CNTV assigned spaces on Canal Uno].
1114:
924:"Arranca la Comisión Nacional de Televisión"
700:[The birth of cultural industries].
698:"El nacimiento de las industrias culturales"
476:saw itself forced to sell its star program,
1911:Television production companies of Colombia
1827:Medina, María Alejandra (8 November 2016).
1244:
1242:
1240:
1182:[Without signal, the TV business].
862:Duque Salazar, Ana Lucía (19 August 1991).
137:were opened. At these times, new potential
1886:Ministerio de Cultura de Colombia (2003).
1739:
1708:
1592:[Public television keeps losing].
1557:
1471:[Audiovisuales left without air].
1209:
1207:
1205:
1083:
835:[Cromavisión to exit television].
414:and the revived CPT) and the long-running
1531:[More companies invoke Law 550].
1410:[JES will return its TV spaces].
1217:[The year of the rupture: 1998].
1174:
1172:
158:in 1996 that awarded the former slots of
1466:
1371:
1369:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1237:
786:
682:: Analysis of a television product]
376:
1202:
986:[The legacy of QAP and AM-PM].
686:(in Spanish). Universidad de La Sabana.
665:
663:
661:
1903:
1826:
1782:from the original on 25 September 2020
1744:[Goodbye lion, hello condor].
1740:Luz Monroy, Martha (22 October 2003).
1721:from the original on 25 September 2020
1630:from the original on 25 September 2020
1570:from the original on 25 September 2020
1479:from the original on 25 September 2020
1418:from the original on 25 September 2020
1388:from the original on 25 September 2020
1375:
1354:from the original on 25 September 2020
1316:[TV programmers' debts grow].
1260:from the original on 25 September 2020
1225:from the original on 25 September 2020
1169:
1157:from the original on 25 September 2020
1127:from the original on 25 September 2020
1096:from the original on 25 September 2020
956:[The final broadcast of QAP].
843:from the original on 25 September 2020
833:"Cromavisión saldría de la televisión"
813:from the original on 25 September 2020
768:from the original on 25 September 2020
738:from the original on 25 September 2020
536:, was off the air by the end of 2001.
460:financially, many companies turned to
181:and old ones might disappear (such as
1879:
1366:
1272:
1190:from the original on 29 November 2020
964:from the original on 18 December 2016
805:[Promec to exit television].
676:: Análisis de un producto televisivo"
619:
146:in 1991 to award the former slots of
1709:Luz Monroy, Martha (26 March 2003).
1590:"Televisión pública sigue perdiendo"
1115:León Giraldo, Diego (26 July 1998).
658:
485:The year 2000 saw several important
1835:(in Spanish). Bogota: Comunican S.A
1558:Luz Monroy, Martha (15 June 2001).
1501:[Programadoras in crisis].
1467:Sandoval, Carlos (21 August 1998).
1448:from the original on 3 October 2013
1180:"Sin sintonía, el negocio de la TV"
1084:Luz Monroy, Martha (15 July 2003).
1046:[TV programs stay on air].
1044:"Programas de TV siguen en el aire"
728:"CNTV asignó espacios en Canal Uno"
591:The salvation plan of 2003 and the
586:
373:Privatization, recession and crisis
337:It was worried that the Cadena Dos
13:
1529:"Más empresas se acogen a Ley 550"
1408:"JES entregará sus espacios de TV"
1252:[50 Years of Television].
994:from the original on 23 March 2017
866:[TV 92: Proposals heard].
447:and large-scale game shows, while
14:
1927:
1778:(in Spanish). 13 September 2013.
1752:from the original on 4 March 2016
1713:[Canal A, a dying lion].
1690:from the original on 6 March 2014
1660:from the original on 6 March 2014
1652:[Hora Cero is finished].
1600:from the original on 4 March 2016
1469:"Audiovisuales se quedó sin aire"
1444:(in Spanish). 29 September 2000.
1414:(in Spanish). 13 September 2000.
1324:from the original on 4 March 2016
1117:"El Canal A se lanza a la guerra"
1054:from the original on 15 July 2018
1024:from the original on 4 March 2016
934:from the original on 4 March 2016
904:from the original on 4 March 2016
874:from the original on 4 March 2016
803:"Promec saldría de la televisión"
528:, Datos y Mensajes and two other
125:
1680:"Las medidas nos llegaron tarde"
1622:[The lion's awakening].
1539:from the original on 4 June 2015
1509:from the original on 3 June 2015
1186:(in Spanish). 10 February 2000.
839:(in Spanish). 5 September 1991.
646:Dutch public broadcasting system
1847:
1820:
1794:
1764:
1733:
1702:
1672:
1642:
1612:
1582:
1551:
1521:
1491:
1460:
1430:
1400:
1336:
1306:
1147:"Los doce contra el león del A"
1139:
1119:[Canal A goes to war].
1108:
1077:
1066:
1036:
1006:
976:
946:
916:
900:(in Spanish). 23 October 1997.
864:"TV 92: Se oyen las propuestas"
809:(in Spanish). 26 January 1991.
581:RTVC Sistema de Medios Públicos
330:alleging the illegality of the
265:
1711:"Canal A, un león que agoniza"
1596:(in Spanish). 22 August 2001.
1376:Yances, Germán (28 May 2000).
886:
855:
825:
795:
780:
750:
720:
690:
299:National Television Commission
272:Colombian Constitution of 1991
208:that disappeared prior to the
1:
1686:(in Spanish). 18 March 2003.
1656:(in Spanish). 17 March 2003.
1505:(in Spanish). 23 March 2001.
1050:(in Spanish). 31 March 1993.
1020:(in Spanish). 7 August 1991.
984:"El legado de QAP y de AM-PM"
652:
241:Producciones Eduardo Lemaitre
1802:"ANTV adjudica el Canal Uno"
1350:(in Spanish). 2 March 2000.
1221:(in Spanish). 11 June 2004.
1215:"El año de la ruptura: 1998"
930:(in Spanish). 13 June 1995.
734:(in Spanish). 5 March 1996.
704:. April 2012. Archived from
566:Ministerio de Comunicaciones
195:Colombian Conservative Party
77:
52:("mixed system"), relied on
7:
1626:(in Spanish). 7 July 2001.
1320:(in Spanish). 8 June 2001.
1256:(in Spanish). 11 May 2004.
764:(in Spanish). 6 June 2000.
639:
285:In the 1987 bidding cycle,
10:
1932:
1440:[Cenpro no more].
1380:[PUNCH, no more].
1250:"50 Años de la Televisión"
954:"La última emisión de QAP"
791:(in Spanish) (28): 87–103.
250:Colombia, a consortium of
150:(which went bankrupt) and
72:
1742:"Adiós león, hola condor"
1499:"Programadoras en crisis"
1088:[The survivors].
365:would vanish in 1995-96,
224:; Promec Televisión; and
1562:[En Vivo dies].
474:Colombiana de Televisión
230:caducidad administrativa
1620:"El despertar del león"
1300:9 November 2012 at the
1290:9 November 2012 at the
631:Producciones Cinevisión
367:Producciones Cinevisión
160:Producciones Cinevisión
152:Jorge Enrique Pulido TV
102:, founded in 1956) and
1916:Television in Colombia
597:Jorge Barón Televisión
430:Proyectamos Televisión
386:
23:Colombian broadcasting
380:
222:Multimedia Televisión
1650:"Se acabó Hora Cero"
1153:. 19 November 1998.
1086:"Las sobrevivientes"
674:Yo soy Betty, la fea
290:hours a week in the
570:Señal Institucional
542:Noticiero Hora Cero
1438:"Cenpro no va más"
1378:"PUNCH, no va más"
702:Revista Credencial
620:Critical reception
554:Plan de Salvamento
387:
191:Noticiero 24 Horas
96:Producciones PUNCH
43:/Segunda Cadena).
39:(and, until 2003,
491:Cenpro Televisión
324:Do Re Creativa TV
214:Noticiero Criptón
148:Promec Televisión
106:. Radio networks
1923:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1798:
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1791:
1789:
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1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1737:
1731:
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1728:
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1706:
1700:
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1640:
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1610:
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1607:
1605:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1535:. 17 July 2001.
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1464:
1458:
1457:
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1404:
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1359:
1340:
1334:
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1331:
1329:
1310:
1304:
1281:
1270:
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1265:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1211:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
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789:Historia Crítica
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587:After the crisis
534:Noticiero TV Hoy
412:Andes Televisión
350:(family block).
260:Datos y Mensajes
256:Producciones JES
187:Noticiero TV Hoy
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1867:on 9 March 2016
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1560:"Murió En Vivo"
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564:(an arm of the
417:Sábados Felices
408:Premier Caracol
375:
361:One additional
348:franja familiar
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88:Cadena Nacional
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5:
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524:that included
479:Padres e Hijos
420:variety show (
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246:In the 1980s,
172:DFL Televisión
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120:Segunda Cadena
110:(in 1967) and
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467:By 1999, the
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1865:the original
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706:the original
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562:programadora
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266:1991 changes
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217:
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199:licitaciones
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179:licitaciones
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135:licitaciones
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116:programadora
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104:RTI Colombia
100:programadora
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27:
26:
20:
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526:Coestrellas
422:Coestrellas
226:Cromavisión
98:(the first
31:(literally
1905:Categories
1746:El Tiempo'
680:Ugly Betty
653:References
593:licitación
462:televentas
399:licitación
332:licitación
308:licitación
292:licitación
166:including
156:licitación
144:licitación
128:licitación
92:Inravisión
33:programmer
1806:El Tiempo
1776:El Tiempo
1715:El Tiempo
1684:El Tiempo
1654:El Tiempo
1624:El Tiempo
1594:El Tiempo
1564:El Tiempo
1533:El Tiempo
1503:El Tiempo
1473:El Tiempo
1442:El Tiempo
1412:El Tiempo
1382:El Tiempo
1348:El Tiempo
1318:El Tiempo
1254:El Tiempo
1219:El Tiempo
1184:El Tiempo
1151:El Tiempo
1121:El Tiempo
1090:El Tiempo
1048:El Tiempo
1018:El Tiempo
988:El Tiempo
958:El Tiempo
928:El Tiempo
898:El Tiempo
868:El Tiempo
837:El Tiempo
807:El Tiempo
762:El Tiempo
732:El Tiempo
546:El Tiempo
294:of 1997.)
78:1950s-70s
37:Canal Uno
1839:20 March
1812:20 March
1780:Archived
1750:Archived
1719:Archived
1688:Archived
1658:Archived
1628:Archived
1598:Archived
1568:Archived
1537:Archived
1507:Archived
1477:Archived
1446:Archived
1416:Archived
1386:Archived
1352:Archived
1322:Archived
1298:Archived
1288:Archived
1258:Archived
1223:Archived
1188:Archived
1155:Archived
1125:Archived
1094:Archived
1052:Archived
1022:Archived
998:22 March
992:Archived
968:22 March
962:Archived
932:Archived
902:Archived
872:Archived
841:Archived
811:Archived
766:Archived
736:Archived
640:See also
237:festivos
168:TeVecine
1871:23 June
1786:23 June
1756:23 June
1725:23 June
1694:23 June
1664:23 June
1634:23 June
1574:23 June
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1513:23 June
1483:23 June
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1229:23 June
1194:23 June
1161:23 June
1131:23 June
1100:23 June
1058:23 June
1028:23 June
938:23 June
908:23 June
878:23 June
847:23 June
817:23 June
772:23 June
742:23 June
601:CM&
522:Canal A
514:En Vivo
510:Ley 550
449:En Vivo
445:novelas
410:movie (
112:Caracol
73:History
41:Canal A
1604:8 June
1328:2 June
712:8 June
1890:[
1859:[
684:(PDF)
678:[
384:IBOPE
204:Most
1873:2021
1841:2017
1814:2017
1788:2021
1758:2021
1727:2021
1696:2021
1666:2021
1636:2021
1606:2012
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1485:2021
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1424:2021
1394:2021
1360:2021
1330:2012
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1285:1999
1266:2021
1231:2021
1196:2021
1163:2021
1133:2021
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1060:2021
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1000:2017
970:2017
940:2021
910:2021
880:2021
849:2021
819:2021
774:2021
744:2021
714:2014
270:The
258:and
216:, a
170:and
126:The
57:the
432:).
426:CPS
248:OTI
183:QAP
108:RCN
21:In
1907::
1831:.
1804:.
1368:^
1274:^
1239:^
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1171:^
660:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
