1606:. The pharmacokinetic properties vary between dosage forms and should not be interchanged. A medication error was cited in the Institute for Safe Medication Practices where Prostin E2 was used in place of Cervidil. The hospital had run out of Cervidil which is a 10 mg endocervical insert and the provider decided to use half of a 20 mg Prostin E2 vaginal suppository. Cervidil delivers the drug at a constant rate and can be removed as necessary while Prostin E2 dissolves immediately and can not be removed. This error resulted in an emergency C-section since the fetus's heart rate dropped suddenly.
547:
524:
45:
36:
6950:
1346:, which is a common obstetric practice, and increases the chances for a successful induction. Pharmacological methods are sometimes required to induce cervical ripening that does not occur naturally. The natural ripening of the cervix is mediated by prostaglandins, thus a common pharmacological method is to use external prostaglandins such as PGE
1543:
For the vaginal insert (brand name
Cervidil), the manufacturer recommends keeping the medication frozen until use since it does not need to be warmed to room temperature. Once the package is open, a water miscible lubricant may be used to insert the medication, using your finger place the device into
1539:
can come in a gel formulation that requires six hour dosing or it can come as a slow release dinoprostone pessary that does not need to be re-administered and can be taken out if necessary. In a quality improvement project done in UK, the switch from prostaglandin gel to the slow release dinoprostone
1544:
the vagina and position the device transversely in the posterior vaginal fornix. The person receiving the drug should remain laying down for two hours after administration of the insert is complete. The manufacturer also recommends waiting 30 minutes after removal of insert before starting oxytocin.
1402:
is not feticidal, and only induces abortion by stimulating uterine contractions. It is recommended that 20 mg of dinoprostone vaginal suppository be administered every three to five hours to evacuate the uterus. The abortion should occur within 24 hours after the beginning of administration of
1578:
Dinoprostone as a vaginal suppository is contraindicated for women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease or active disease of the cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, or renal systems. Caution is required for people with a history of cervical malignancy, hypo- or hypertension, anemia, epilepsy,
902:
in fetuses and newborns. They allow the ductus arteriosus to remain open, providing the necessary connection between the pulmonary artery and descending aorta that allows the blood to bypass the fetus's underdeveloped lungs and be transported to the placenta for oxygenation. The ductus arteriosus
1642:
in the seminal fluid of sheep. The structure of prostaglandins is conserved in mammals, but it is also produced by marine organisms which allowed for more research into their biological roles. Prostaglandins were discovered to be products of arachidonic acid and with the ability to radio label
1582:
Endocervical gel is contraindicated in those with who have a history of C-sections or major uterine surgery, if the fetus is in distress and delivery is not imminent, vaginal bleeding throughout the pregnancy that is unexplained, history of difficult labors and deliveries, have cephalopelvic
1547:
The vaginal gel (brand name
Prostin E2, Canada) is administered through a prefilled syringe and the medication is placed in the posterior fornix of the vagina. After administration people should stay laying down for at least 30 minutes after they have received the drug.
1434:
The insert and gel forms have been shown to have minimal gastrointestinal effects, but are more associated with increase stimulation of the uterus as well as fetal distress. Uterine hyperstimulation is effectively treated by stopping use of prostaglandin
1599:) is given in excess, hyper-stimulation of the uterus occurs and immediate discontinuation of the drug usually results in resolution of toxic effects. If symptoms continue a beta adrenergic drug (e.g. terbutaline) can be used.
923:
was used in another report to dilate the ductus arteriosus in newborns with various cardiovascular defects to allow for better perfusion of the lungs and kidneys. On the other hand, the post-partal synthesis of
610:
1397:
is a common pharmacological method of termination of pregnancy, particularly in the second trimester or for missed abortion, which is a miscarriage in which the fetus did not evacuate the uterus. However,
2942:
1419:
is its effect on gastrointestinal smooth muscle resulting in nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Other side effects include headache, shivering, and chills. The suppository form of prostaglandin E
1342:) is a natural process that occurs before labor, in which the cervix becomes softer, thinner, and dilated, enabling the fetus to pass through the cervix. A ripe cervix is favorable prior to
1634:
independently in 1935 as factors contained in human seminal fluid. Prostaglandins were noted for having blood pressure reducing effects and smooth muscle regulation effects. Prostaglandin E
3489:
652:
InChI=1S/C20H32O5/c1-2-3-6-9-15(21)12-13-17-16(18(22)14-19(17)23)10-7-4-5-8-11-20(24)25/h4,7,12-13,15-17,19,21,23H,2-3,5-6,8-11,14H2,1H3,(H,24,25)/b7-4-,13-12+/t15-,16+,17+,19+/m0/s1
5025:
5336:
1178:). The activation of these different EP receptors is dependent on the type of triggering stress stimuli and results in the corresponding stress response. Activation of EP
1158:
is involved almost all typical inflammation markers such as redness, swelling, and pain. It regulates these responses through binding to G coupled protein prostaglandin E
4396:
5477:
2864:"Improving induction of labour - a quality improvement project addressing Caesarean section rates and length of process in women undergoing induction of labour"
7015:
204:
2328:"Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials"
919:
being used to treat ductus-dependent congenital heart diseases in newborns to delay surgical treatment until the pulmonary arteries grew. In addition, PGE
138:
911:, prostaglandins can be used to keep the ductus arteriosus open longer than normal to sustain healthy oxygen saturation levels in the blood. Although PGE
2949:
6237:
6207:
6038:
668:
1618:
dinoprostone has a plasma half-life of approximately 2.5–5 minutes, after vaginal administration, with most metabolites being excreted in the urine.
1313:
also assists the kidneys with systemic blood pressure control by modifying water and sodium excretion. In addition, it is also thought to activate EP
5243:
4863:
6090:
6070:
5626:
5576:
6396:
5861:
5751:
5746:
5731:
5666:
5616:
5571:
5136:
6803:
6634:
6624:
6048:
5726:
5706:
5691:
5681:
5661:
5656:
5611:
5586:
5551:
5397:
5228:
5006:
4904:
4843:
4804:
4603:
4593:
4501:
4389:
87:
6833:
6828:
6793:
6768:
6629:
6490:
6347:
5948:
5943:
5741:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5696:
5686:
5676:
5651:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5621:
5606:
5601:
5561:
5520:
5500:
5457:
5452:
5437:
5427:
5422:
5407:
5286:
5208:
5163:
5077:
5053:
5043:
4491:
624:
6818:
6773:
6584:
6530:
6515:
6364:
6075:
6023:
5908:
5756:
5701:
5671:
5646:
5596:
5591:
5581:
5566:
5515:
5510:
5467:
5402:
5392:
5362:
5306:
5276:
5233:
5223:
5072:
4996:
4848:
4761:
4558:
4236:
2744:
McDonagh M, Skelly AC, Hermesch A, Tilden E, Brodt ED, Dana T, et al. (2021-03-22). "Cervical
Ripening in the Outpatient Setting".
1894:
1439:. Other monitoring parameters include sustained uterine contractions and fetal distress. In babies there may be decreased breathing and
6823:
6798:
6788:
6639:
6614:
6599:
6564:
6540:
6535:
6286:
5736:
5556:
5490:
5462:
5447:
5442:
5417:
5033:
5001:
4981:
4924:
4809:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4553:
4548:
1651:
in the lab in the 1970. This advancement paved the way for later studies that helped define the actions and response of prostaglandin E
6926:
6843:
6559:
6505:
6500:
5535:
5382:
5291:
5248:
4799:
4712:
4598:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4110:
3118:
1567:) is used to induce labor and should not be used in people that are contraindicated to give birth vaginally or spontaneous labor. PGE
1358:
of the literature found that outpatient cervical ripening with dinoprostone or single-balloon catheters did not increase the risk of
879:
Dinoprostone has important effects in labor by inducing softening of the cervix and causing uterine contraction, and also stimulates
6705:
6609:
6604:
5412:
5377:
5253:
5213:
4382:
5495:
5344:
1531:) should only be administered by, or under the direct supervision of, a physician and careful monitoring should be performed. PGE
3432:
1734:
2973:
Calder AA, MacKenzie IZ (September 1997). "Review of
Propess--a controlled release dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2 ) pessary".
4054:
3893:
3173:
2261:
1660:
1294:
1030:
857:
675:
3036:
4319:
1508:
1026:
2660:
ACOG Committee on
Practice Bulletins -- Obstetrics (August 2009). "ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 107: Induction of labor".
1579:
jaundice, asthma, or pulmonary diseases. The suppository formulation is also not indicated for viable fetus evacuation.
1403:
dinoprostone; if it does not, dinoprostone should no longer be given and other interventions would be required, such as
1325:
release, resulting in an elevation of GFR and sodium retention to raise systemic blood pressure levels within the body.
1154:) is involved in several inflammation and immunity pathways. As one of the most abundant prostaglandins in the body, PGE
155:
6985:
1423:
is associated with increased severity of these symptoms. Fever is also a common side effect with use of prostaglandin E
1210:
and has also been shown in studies to have a role in hypothermia and anorexia. In addition to inflammatory effects, PGE
2504:
Furuyashiki T, Narumiya S (March 2011). "Stress responses: the contribution of prostaglandin E(2) and its receptors".
2051:
1916:
1888:
735:
644:
2557:
Gomez I, Foudi N, Longrois D, Norel X (August 2013). "The role of prostaglandin E2 in human vascular inflammation".
1583:
disproportion, less than six previous term babies with nonvertex presentation, hyper or hypotonic uterine patterns.
4071:
3395:
1293:), along with other prostaglandins, are synthesized within the cortex and medulla of the kidney. The role of renal
5372:
4229:
1373:) achieves cervical ripening and softening by stimulating uterine contractions as well as directly acting on the
289:
234:
119:
3008:
1243:
1079:, increase membrane excitability. As a result, this causes peripheral nerve endings to report painful stimuli.
1571:
should not be used in people with allergies to prostaglandins or any components in the drugs formulations. PGE
1123:
from forming into antibody-secreting plasma cells. When this process is suppressed, it causes a decrease in a
969:
limits the immune response by preventing B-lymphocyte differentiation and their ability to present antigens.
950:, acts as a direct vasodilator by acting on smooth muscle to cause dilation of blood vessels. In addition, PGE
372:
6980:
4103:
1214:
has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects as well, due to its different actions on varying receptors.
939:
serves as a bronchodilator, but its use in this setting is limited by the fact that it also causes coughing.
6919:
1668:
1540:
pessary was able to lower cesarian section rates in women undergoing induction of labor in maternity care.
1381:
analog available for use in cervical ripening: Prepidil, a vaginal gel, and
Cervidil, a vaginal insert. PGE
853:
542:
423:
7010:
6975:
4511:
4454:
1073:
965:
receptor signaling and proliferation, and may play a role in resolution of inflammation. In addition, PGE
503:
6940:
4934:
4819:
4742:
4635:
4222:
1472:
1385:
is similar to oxytocin in terms of successful labor induction and the time from induction to delivery.
1309:
work to increase medullary blood flow as well as inhibit sodium reabsorption within kidney tubules. PGE
1302:
6876:
2592:
Torres R, Picado C, de Mora F (January 2015). "The PGE2-EP2-mast cell axis: an antiasthma mechanism".
492:
6990:
4617:
4436:
3886:
3166:
2375:
Rabow MW, Pantilat SE, Shah AC, Poree L, Steiger S (2020). Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW (eds.).
2070:
990:
842:
830:
133:
2279:"A live imaging cell motility screen identifies prostaglandin E2 as a T cell stop signal antagonist"
1491:
to cause various downstream effects to cause direct contractions in the myometrium. In addition, PGE
7000:
6713:
6694:
6649:
5091:
4258:
4096:
4022:
3061:"Success of prostaglandin E2 in structure-function is a challenge for structure-based therapeutics"
929:
908:
731:
719:
519:
2376:
1971:"Chapter 18: The Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, & Related Compounds"
1970:
7005:
6970:
4419:
4337:
4059:
715:
192:
57:
6755:
6675:
3970:
1404:
1018:
986:
3871:
1878:
472:
6732:
5188:
4425:
4182:
4141:
4131:
4030:
4003:
3854:
3648:
3546:
3301:
1974:
412:
363:
20:
3140:
1691:
7020:
6871:
5993:
5846:
5316:
3949:
3879:
3159:
3072:
432:
5154:
5063:
2824:
Bygdeman M (December 1984). "The use of prostaglandins and their analogues for abortion".
8:
5821:
3591:
1339:
810:
327:
318:
19:
This article is about the medication "dinoprostone". For the medication "dinoprost", see
3076:
2326:
Bhala N, Emberson J, Merhi A, Abramson S, Arber N, Baron JA, et al. (August 2013).
1761:
Shirley M (October 2018). "Dinoprostone
Vaginal Insert: A Review in Cervical Ripening".
1186:
results in the suppression of impulse behaviors in response to psychological stress. PGE
546:
523:
6683:
4411:
4214:
2888:
2863:
2765:
2721:
2696:
2539:
2481:
2454:
2427:
2402:
2352:
2327:
2303:
2278:
2207:
2153:
2128:
2016:
1991:
1786:
1440:
1343:
1269:
activates smooth muscles to cause contractions on longitudinal muscle when acting on EP
814:
166:
3095:
3060:
2918:
2837:
2343:
2144:
44:
6217:
5886:
5856:
4363:
3955:
3923:
3100:
2990:
2893:
2879:
2841:
2806:
2769:
2757:
2726:
2677:
2639:
2609:
2574:
2531:
2486:
2432:
2357:
2308:
2257:
2234:
2199:
2158:
2047:
2021:
1912:
1884:
1846:
1778:
1644:
1359:
1351:
1076:
899:
727:
262:
249:
111:
2543:
2098:
1790:
1730:
1639:
1072:
receptors, an increase in excitability via cation channels as well as inhibition of
352:
97:
6995:
6899:
6891:
6886:
6190:
5776:
5267:
5146:
4963:
4886:
4878:
4771:
4684:
4535:
4473:
4355:
4177:
3797:
3748:
3642:
3597:
3290:
3257:
3231:
3196:
3090:
3080:
2982:
2883:
2875:
2833:
2796:
2749:
2716:
2708:
2669:
2601:
2566:
2521:
2513:
2476:
2466:
2422:
2414:
2347:
2339:
2298:
2290:
2211:
2189:
2176:
Silove ED, Coe JY, Shiu MF, Brunt JD, Page AJ, Singh SP, Mitchell MD (March 1981).
2148:
2140:
2078:
2011:
2003:
1770:
1556:
1535:
comes in many dosage forms with varying pharmacokinetic properties. For example PGE
1135:
1124:
1014:
865:
784:
769:
758:
754:
559:
217:
4374:
2659:
1138:
function, cell division of T-lymphocytes, and the development of TH1 lymphocytes.
6954:
6747:
6679:
6589:
6264:
6242:
6212:
4909:
4249:
3906:
3270:
2712:
2673:
2605:
711:
27:
3914:
2570:
1190:
is involved in regulating illness-induced memory impairment via activation of EP
6269:
6222:
5787:
5349:
4408:
4065:
3932:
3782:
3774:
3733:
3713:
3705:
3697:
3664:
3656:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3419:
3411:
3362:
3354:
3065:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1840:
1377:
present in the cervix to soften it. There are currently two formulations of PGE
1230:) serves a significant role in vascular smooth muscle tone regulation. It is a
765:
723:
2630:
Tenore JL (May 2003). "Methods for cervical ripening and induction of labor".
2256:(7th ed.). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited. p. 404.
1774:
1021:(allowing more blood flow into an inflamed area of the body) when acting on EP
6964:
6866:
6550:
6335:
6232:
6110:
6095:
6028:
5958:
4280:
3965:
3215:
2418:
2294:
1631:
1627:
1503:-mediated water transport in collecting tubules. As a result, blockage of PGE
1496:
1355:
1239:
1100:
703:
535:
3085:
2517:
2194:
2177:
6406:
6323:
6249:
6227:
6180:
6115:
6085:
6065:
6060:
5983:
5871:
5296:
5258:
5126:
4953:
4789:
4674:
4481:
4203:
3940:
3756:
3689:
3675:
3322:
3104:
2994:
2897:
2761:
2753:
2730:
2681:
2643:
2613:
2578:
2535:
2490:
2436:
2361:
2312:
2162:
2075:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
2025:
1850:
1782:
1659:
was approved for medical use in the United States in 1977 and it is on the
1231:
1006:
212:
2986:
2845:
2810:
2801:
2784:
2455:"Prostaglandins as the Agents That Modulate the Course of Brain Disorders"
2238:
2203:
915:
is more commonly used in this setting, there has been a report of oral PGE
6881:
6783:
6724:
6594:
6579:
6520:
6485:
6463:
6443:
6391:
6376:
6318:
6276:
6202:
6170:
6155:
5988:
5973:
5898:
5836:
5831:
5505:
5178:
5141:
5116:
5111:
4958:
4914:
4873:
4868:
4766:
4702:
4679:
4669:
4588:
4563:
4530:
4496:
4327:
4290:
4198:
4172:
4167:
4040:
3994:
3979:
3945:
3574:
3379:
3345:
2471:
1500:
1374:
1262:
receptors, which activates the Ca2+ pathway and decreased cAMP activity.
1235:
1057:
743:
105:
2083:
1575:
should be stopped before other oxytocic agents like oxytocin are given.
392:
6813:
6574:
6545:
6525:
6478:
6473:
6458:
6433:
6401:
6369:
6340:
6296:
6195:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6105:
6018:
6013:
5953:
5938:
5918:
5903:
5876:
5851:
5841:
5826:
5816:
5530:
5485:
5472:
5387:
5173:
5168:
5121:
5058:
5038:
4991:
4583:
4405:
4345:
4162:
4157:
4035:
4008:
3902:
3838:
3206:
3182:
2526:
1338:
In the setting of labor and delivery, cervical ripening (also known as
1306:
1104:
884:
880:
780:
586:
403:
2007:
1431:
should be stopped if a person experiences side effects such as fever.
1037:
production. NSAIDs blocking COX-2 and decreasing the production of PGE
6838:
6778:
6510:
6468:
6453:
6448:
6438:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6328:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6185:
6165:
6160:
6125:
6120:
6080:
6053:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5978:
5933:
5928:
5891:
5881:
5806:
5525:
5432:
5281:
5218:
5131:
5048:
4853:
4838:
4659:
4654:
4285:
4275:
4270:
4245:
3984:
3767:
1495:
inhibits Na+ absorption within the Thick
Ascending Limb (TAL) of the
1452:
1116:
826:
338:
137:
91:
1911:(69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 538–540.
1880:
Neonatal Formulary: Drug Use in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life
1559:
to a medication are any reasons to not use the drug. Prostaglandin E
6671:
6666:
6495:
6357:
6352:
6291:
6281:
6259:
6254:
6175:
6150:
6100:
6043:
6033:
5968:
5963:
5923:
5238:
4858:
4664:
4309:
4300:
3910:
3726:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
2748:. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).
1992:"Enzymes of the cyclooxygenase pathways of prostanoid biosynthesis"
1512:
1448:
1127:
822:
707:
452:
383:
150:
35:
4088:
1146:
In response to physiologic and psychologic stress, prostaglandin E
852:
was first synthesized in 1970 and approved for medical use by the
609:
6808:
6619:
6386:
5913:
5866:
5811:
5357:
3565:
3558:
3554:
2178:"Oral prostaglandin E2 in ductus-dependent pulmonary circulation"
1246:(cAMP) to decrease intracellular calcium levels via the IP and EP
1130:
response because of the decrease in production of antibodies. PGE
1001:
receptors, it increases body temperature, resulting in fever. PGE
972:
768:(COX) enzymes to form prostaglandin endoperoxides. Specifically,
710:
properties that is used as a medication. Dinoprostone is used in
1119:. In addition, it can suppress an immune response by inhibiting
6569:
5770:
3901:
2277:
Wiemer AJ, Hegde S, Gumperz JE, Huttenlocher A (October 2011).
1444:
1120:
1112:
962:
838:
818:
739:
483:
3151:
2276:
6381:
3818:
3473:
2126:
1322:
1010:
903:
normally begins to close upon birth due to an increase of PGE
806:
600:
463:
2861:
2743:
2127:
Sharma M, Sasikumar M, Karloopia SD, Shahi BN (April 2001).
1839:
Xi M, Gerriets V (2020). "Prostaglandin E2 (Dinoprostone)".
734:
until surgery can be carried out. It is also used to manage
508:
2225:
Schlemmer M, Khoss A, Salzer HR, Wimmer M (July 1982). "".
1277:
effects on respiratory smooth muscle result in relaxation.
1056:
receptors are a component in feeling pain via inflammatory
443:
2325:
2224:
2044:
Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition
1630:
and British physiologist M.W. Goldblatt, first discovered
2069:
4244:
2087:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
1876:
1451:
and it is not recommended in those who have had a prior
1388:
825:
and it is not recommended in those who have had a prior
753:
synthesis within the body begins with the activation of
2785:"Prostaglandins: overview in obstetrics and gynecology"
2559:
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids
2556:
1661:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
858:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
2374:
1643:
arachidonic acid in the early 1960s, American chemist
1301:
within the kidney is to maintain renal blood flow and
6938:
1979:(14th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
1733:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1686:
1684:
1254:
can also induce vasoconstriction via activation of EP
1005:
is also a predominant prostanoid that contributes to
898:, are important in the structure and function of the
883:
to release factors that stimulate bone resorption by
2452:
2403:"Regulation of immune responses by prostaglandin E2"
1638:
itself was identified in 1962 by Swedish biochemist
1305:(GFR) through localized vasodilation. COX-2-derived
4512:
4455:
4404:
2591:
2503:
2459:
Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease
1989:
1883:(5 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 2010.
371:
82:)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxo-prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid
5793:
4935:
4820:
4743:
4636:
2175:
1681:
1202:results in regulation of illness induced fever. EP
1095:) contributes to the inflammation when bound to EP
837:which results in the opening and softening of the
4618:
4437:
2694:
813:. In babies there may be decreased breathing and
6962:
6714:
6695:
6650:
5092:
1990:Smith WL, Urade Y, Jakobsson PJ (October 2011).
351:
2972:
2862:O'Dwyer S, Raniolo C, Roper J, Gupta M (2015).
2695:Rouse DJ, Riggs TW, Schorge JO (January 2021).
2625:
2623:
1845:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
326:
6756:
2046:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 361.
1115:formation by regulating apoptosis of immature
973:Central and peripheral nervous systems effects
7016:World Health Organization essential medicines
6733:
5189:
4390:
4230:
4104:
3887:
3167:
5317:
2620:
2381:Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020
2129:"Prostaglandins in Congential Heart Disease"
1602:There are many different dosage forms of PGE
154:
2782:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1692:"Dinoprostone topical Use During Pregnancy"
856:in the United States in 1977. It is on the
4397:
4383:
4237:
4223:
4111:
4097:
3894:
3880:
3174:
3160:
3058:
2065:
2063:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
545:
522:
411:
43:
34:
3094:
3084:
2887:
2800:
2720:
2525:
2480:
2470:
2426:
2351:
2302:
2193:
2152:
2082:
2037:
2035:
2015:
1968:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
829:. It works by binding and activating the
817:. Caution should be taken in people with
730:open. In babies it is used in those with
431:
2823:
2400:
2041:
1909:British national formulary : BNF 69
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1217:
1087:As mentioned previously, prostaglandin E
985:) has a variety of functions within the
874:
3016:Institute for Safe Medication Practices
2060:
1925:
1760:
1710:
1415:A common side effect of prostaglandin E
1141:
928:in newborns is considered one cause of
632:CCCCC(/C=C/1(CC(=O)1C/C=C\CCCC(=O)O)O)O
518:
391:
110:
6963:
5788:
4151:Prevention and treatment of hemorrhage
2746:AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews
2629:
2032:
1797:
1647:was able to synthesize prostaglandin E
1458:
1443:. Care should be taken in people with
1265:Within the gastrointestinal tract, PGE
764:. Once activated, AA is oxygenated by
536:
268:
243:
128:
4378:
4218:
4092:
3875:
3155:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3031:
3029:
2975:Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2857:
2855:
2826:Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
2789:Journal of Reproduction and Fertility
2697:"A Tribute to Nancy C. Chescheir, MD"
2655:
2653:
2448:
2446:
2383:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education
2251:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2077:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1857:
1389:Termination of intrauterine pregnancy
1017:infiltration from increased vascular
890:Natural prostaglandins, including PGE
491:
471:
256:
145:
96:
62:Prostin E2, Cervidil, Propess, others
6411:Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs):
4125:Induction and augmentation of labour
3147:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3009:"Dinoprostone dosage forms confused"
1901:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1737:from the original on 16 January 2017
1551:
1333:
1027:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
805:include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
783:moiety of the COX enzyme to produce
216:
4520:Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2
4463:Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1
4118:
2497:
2453:Famitafreshi H, Karimian M (2020).
2133:Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
1609:
1427:. Administration of prostaglandin E
1041:remediates fever and inflammation.
451:
342:
13:
6382:AM-404 (N-arachidonoylaminophenol)
6200:Anthranilic acids (fenamic acids):
5852:Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid)
4943:Tooltip Prostaglandin EP4 receptor
4828:Tooltip Prostaglandin EP3 receptor
4751:Tooltip Prostaglandin EP2 receptor
4644:Tooltip Prostaglandin EP1 receptor
3047:
3026:
2904:
2852:
2650:
2443:
2115:
14:
7032:
6872:γ-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid)
6218:Meclofenamic acid (meclofenamate)
4627:Tooltip Prostaglandin E2 receptor
4446:Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor
3490:Arachidonic acid 15-hydroperoxide
3133:
1976:Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
1877:Northern Neonatal Network (208).
1749:
1518:
1280:
1099:receptors. In terms of immunity,
907:metabolism, but in newborns with
736:gestational trophoblastic disease
177:
6948:
6927:Leukotriene signaling modulators
6719:Tooltip Prostaglandin F synthase
6700:Tooltip Prostaglandin E synthase
6659:Tooltip Prostaglandin D synthase
5101:Tooltip Prostaglandin F receptor
3396:Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide
2880:10.1136/bmjquality.u203804.w4027
2783:Singh EJ, Zuspan FP (May 1974).
1897:from the original on 2017-01-13.
1350:, or dinoprostone. Results of a
1134:also has roles in inhibition of
1033:, resulting in a decrease of PGE
1029:(NSAIDs) blocks the activity of
794:) which is then converted to PGE
570:
6238:Talinflumic acid (talinflumate)
6228:Morniflumic acid (morniflumate)
6208:Floctafenic acid (floctafenate)
6191:Tiaprofenic acid (tiaprofenate)
3181:
3119:"Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs"
3111:
3059:Serhan CN, Levy B (July 2003).
3001:
2966:
2935:
2868:BMJ Quality Improvement Reports
2817:
2776:
2737:
2688:
2585:
2550:
2394:
2368:
2319:
2270:
2245:
2218:
2169:
2091:
1511:can limit the efficacy of loop
1410:
1328:
954:inhibits platelet aggregation.
657:Key:XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-ARSRFYASSA-N
6761:Tooltip Thromboxane A synthase
5812:Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
5026:16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E
1983:
1244:cyclic adenosine monophosphate
1242:by increasing the activity of
1238:. It promotes vasodilation of
576:
564:
1:
6920:Receptor/signaling modulators
6742:Tooltip Prostacyclin synthase
6243:Tolfenamic acid (tolfenamate)
6213:Flufenamic acid (flufenamate)
6203:Etofenamic acid (etofenamate)
5259:Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I
5198:Tooltip Prostacyclin receptor
2943:"Prostin E2 Pfizer Monograph"
2838:10.1016/S0306-3356(21)00617-8
2506:Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
2344:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60900-9
2145:10.1016/S0377-1237(01)80134-9
1674:
1206:is functionally similar to EP
1103:have the ability to regulate
5326:Tooltip Thromboxane receptor
2713:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004382
2674:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b48ef5
2606:10.1016/j.molimm.2014.03.007
738:. It may be used within the
7:
6392:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
6223:Mefenamic acid (mefenamate)
5877:Salicylate (salicylic acid)
3327:(Prostacyclin/Epoprostenol)
2919:"Administration and Dosing"
2571:10.1016/j.plefa.2013.04.004
2401:Kalinski P (January 2012).
2227:Zeitschrift für Kardiologie
1586:
1473:G protein-coupled receptors
1273:receptors. In contrast, PGE
1082:
702:, is a naturally occurring
10:
7037:
6071:Bucloxic acid (blucloxate)
5989:Indometacin (indomethacin)
1621:
1303:glomerular filtration rate
1250:receptors. Conversely, PGE
801:Common side effects of PGE
554:Chemical and physical data
18:
6986:Drugs developed by AbbVie
6911:
6856:
6754:
6731:
6712:
6693:
6648:
6233:Niflumic acid (niflumate)
5786:
5769:
5544:
5337:Carbocyclic thromboxane A
5315:
5187:
5090:
5015:
4933:
4818:
4741:
4634:
4616:
4510:
4453:
4435:
4418:
4354:
4336:
4318:
4299:
4257:
4191:
4150:
4124:
4049:
4021:
3964:
3931:
3922:
3583:
3545:
3498:
3482:
3472:
3431:
3404:
3388:
3378:
3344:
3315:
3269:
3250:
3243:
3224:
3214:
3205:
3189:
3041:American Chemical Society
2701:Obstetrics and Gynecology
2662:Obstetrics and Gynecology
2632:American Family Physician
2071:World Health Organization
1775:10.1007/s40265-018-0995-2
991:peripheral nervous system
843:dilation of blood vessels
665:
640:
620:
598:
585:
558:
553:
534:
502:
482:
462:
442:
422:
402:
382:
362:
337:
317:
285:
280:
233:
228:
203:
191:
165:
118:
104:
86:
66:
56:
51:
42:
33:
6551:Menatetrenone (vitamin K
6374:Aminophenols (anilines):
4338:Calcium channel blockers
2419:10.4049/jimmunol.1101029
2295:10.4049/jimmunol.1100103
1969:Hwa J, Martin K (2017).
930:patent ductus arteriosus
909:congenital heart disease
732:congenital heart defects
720:termination of pregnancy
6877:Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid
6274:Enolic acids (oxicams):
5817:Benorilate (benorylate)
4263:adrenoreceptor agonists
3145:Drug Information Portal
3086:10.1073/pnas.1733589100
2518:10.1038/nrendo.2010.194
2195:10.1161/01.CIR.63.3.682
1973:. In Katzung BG (ed.).
1077:potassium (K+) channels
935:The aerosol form of PGE
716:bleeding after delivery
6676:selenium tetrachloride
3123:www.accessdata.fda.gov
2754:10.23970/ahrqepccer238
1405:dilation and curettage
1025:receptors. The use of
987:central nervous system
309:)-7- hept-5-enoic acid
6345:Aminonicotinic acids:
4192:Induction of abortion
4023:Contraction induction
2987:10.1080/jog.17.S2.S53
2802:10.1530/jrf.0.0410211
2407:Journal of Immunology
2283:Journal of Immunology
2254:Textbook of Pathology
1626:Swedish physiologist
1218:Smooth muscle effects
875:Physiological effects
779:) is modified by the
744:injection into a vein
21:Prostaglandin F2alpha
6981:Aromatase inhibitors
5994:Indometacin farnesil
5847:Magnesium salicylate
5478:Pinane thromboxane A
5239:Iloprost (ciloprost)
4859:Iloprost (ciloprost)
4665:Iloprost (ciloprost)
4248:/labor repressants (
2874:(1): u203804.w4027.
2594:Molecular Immunology
2472:10.2147/DNND.S240800
1667:was approved by the
1591:When prostaglandin E
1142:Neurological effects
5822:Carbasalate calcium
3592:bronchoconstriction
3077:2003PNAS..100.8609S
2981:(Suppl 2): S53-67.
2042:Hamilton R (2015).
1459:Mechanism of action
1340:cervical effacement
811:uterine contraction
757:(AA) by the enzyme
252:(Prescription only)
30:
7011:Secondary alcohols
6976:Alkene derivatives
6684:selenium disulfide
6316:4-Aminoquinolines:
4076:Never to phase III
3037:"Prostaglandin E2"
2668:(2 Pt 1): 386–97.
1698:. 17 December 2019
1441:low blood pressure
1344:induction of labor
946:, similarly to PGE
815:low blood pressure
26:
6936:
6935:
6852:
6851:
5887:Sodium salicylate
5857:Methyl salicylate
5780:
5765:
5764:
5086:
5085:
4612:
4611:
4429:
4372:
4371:
4364:Magnesium sulfate
4356:Myosin inhibitors
4212:
4211:
4086:
4085:
4017:
4016:
3956:Methylergometrine
3924:Cervical ripening
3869:
3868:
3541:
3540:
3468:
3467:
3374:
3373:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3335:
2263:978-93-5152-369-7
2008:10.1021/cr2002992
1769:(15): 1615–1624.
1663:. Prostaglandin E
1614:The synthetic PGE
1557:Contraindications
1552:Contraindications
1352:systematic review
1334:Cervical ripening
1236:endothelial cells
1044:Additionally, PGE
997:interacts with EP
900:ductus arteriosus
864:works as well as
860:. Prostaglandin E
728:ductus arteriosus
698:), also known as
683:
682:
611:Interactive image
504:CompTox Dashboard
272:
260:
247:
181:
148:
131:
16:Chemical compound
7028:
6991:Carboxylic acids
6953:
6952:
6951:
6944:
6887:Arachidonic acid
6762:
6758:
6743:
6739:
6720:
6716:
6701:
6697:
6660:
6656:
6483:Others/unsorted:
6058:Propionic acids:
6039:Sulindac sulfide
5804:Salicylic acids:
5795:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5774:
5327:
5323:
5199:
5195:
5102:
5098:
4944:
4940:
4829:
4825:
4752:
4748:
4645:
4641:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4521:
4517:
4464:
4460:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4432:
4423:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4376:
4375:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4178:Methylergonovine
4113:
4106:
4099:
4090:
4089:
3929:
3928:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3873:
3872:
3643:vasoconstriction
3480:
3479:
3386:
3385:
3248:
3247:
3222:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3197:Arachidonic acid
3176:
3169:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3127:
3126:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3098:
3088:
3056:
3045:
3044:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2954:
2948:. Archived from
2947:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2923:www.cervidil.com
2915:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2859:
2850:
2849:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2804:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2627:
2618:
2617:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2529:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2474:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2355:
2338:(9894): 769–79.
2323:
2317:
2316:
2306:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2252:Mohan H (2015).
2249:
2243:
2242:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2197:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2124:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2019:
1996:Chemical Reviews
1987:
1981:
1980:
1966:
1923:
1922:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1874:
1855:
1854:
1836:
1795:
1794:
1758:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1727:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1688:
1610:Pharmacokinetics
1198:activation of EP
1136:cytotoxic T-cell
961:also suppresses
809:, and excessive
755:arachidonic acid
679:
678:
671:
613:
593:
578:
572:
566:
549:
538:
527:
526:
512:
510:
495:
475:
455:
435:
415:
395:
375:
355:
345:
344:
330:
270:
267:
258:
255:
245:
242:
220:
199:Intravaginal, IV
179:
176:
158:
147:
144:
141:
130:
127:
114:
100:
47:
38:
31:
29:
28:Prostaglandin E2
25:
7036:
7035:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7001:Obstetric drugs
6961:
6960:
6959:
6949:
6947:
6939:
6937:
6932:
6907:
6903:
6900:Prostaglandin H
6895:
6892:Prostaglandin G
6848:
6760:
6750:
6748:Tranylcypromine
6741:
6737:
6727:
6718:
6708:
6699:
6689:
6680:sodium selenite
6658:
6654:
6644:
6590:Rosmarinic acid
6554:
6362:Sulfonanilides:
6265:Oxyphenbutazone
5791:
5773:
5761:
5540:
5481:
5353:
5340:
5325:
5321:
5311:
5271:
5268:Prostaglandin E
5263:, epoprostenol)
5262:
5197:
5193:
5183:
5158:
5155:Prostaglandin F
5150:
5147:Prostaglandin D
5100:
5096:
5082:
5067:
5064:Prostaglandin F
5029:
5011:
4976:
4973:Prostaglandin E
4967:
4964:Prostaglandin E
4942:
4939:
4929:
4910:Ricinoleic acid
4899:
4896:Prostaglandin E
4890:
4887:Prostaglandin E
4882:
4879:Prostaglandin D
4827:
4824:
4814:
4784:
4781:Prostaglandin E
4775:
4772:Prostaglandin E
4750:
4747:
4737:
4697:
4694:Prostaglandin E
4688:
4685:Prostaglandin E
4643:
4640:
4626:
4622:
4608:
4539:
4536:Prostaglandin D
4519:
4516:
4506:
4477:
4474:Prostaglandin D
4462:
4459:
4445:
4441:
4422:
4414:
4403:
4373:
4368:
4350:
4332:
4314:
4295:
4262:
4253:
4243:
4213:
4208:
4187:
4146:
4120:
4119:Obstetric drugs
4117:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4066:Clinical trials
4045:
4013:
3997:
3990:Dinoprostone/E2
3969:
3960:
3933:Ergot alkaloids
3918:
3900:
3870:
3865:
3858:
3849:
3829:
3809:
3801:
3786:
3778:
3760:
3752:
3737:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3579:
3569:
3562:
3537:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3494:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3427:
3423:
3415:
3400:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3332:
3326:
3311:
3305:
3294:
3283:
3265:
3261:
3239:
3235:
3201:
3185:
3180:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3071:(15): 8609–11.
3057:
3048:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2905:
2860:
2853:
2822:
2818:
2781:
2777:
2742:
2738:
2693:
2689:
2658:
2651:
2628:
2621:
2590:
2586:
2555:
2551:
2502:
2498:
2451:
2444:
2399:
2395:
2386:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2324:
2320:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2250:
2246:
2223:
2219:
2174:
2170:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2040:
2033:
2002:(10): 5821–65.
1988:
1984:
1967:
1926:
1919:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1891:
1875:
1858:
1837:
1798:
1759:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1666:
1658:
1655:Prostaglandin E
1654:
1650:
1637:
1624:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:Prostaglandin E
1521:
1507:synthesis with
1506:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1463:Prostaglandin E
1461:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1365:Prostaglandin E
1349:
1336:
1331:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1285:Prostaglandin E
1283:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1229:
1225:
1222:Prostaglandin E
1220:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1133:
1110:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1074:hyperpolarizing
1071:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1024:
1004:
1000:
996:
984:
980:
977:Prostaglandin E
975:
968:
960:
953:
949:
945:
938:
927:
922:
918:
914:
906:
897:
893:
877:
869:
866:prostaglandin E
863:
851:
848:Prostaglandin E
834:
831:prostaglandin E
804:
797:
793:
788:
785:prostaglandin H
778:
773:
770:prostaglandin G
762:
759:phospholipase A
752:
712:labor induction
696:
689:
686:Prostaglandin E
674:
672:
669:(what is this?)
666:
661:
658:
653:
648:
647:
636:
633:
628:
627:
616:
591:
581:
575:
569:
530:
506:
498:
478:
458:
438:
418:
398:
378:
358:
341:
333:
313:
310:
293:
292:
276:
224:
194:
187:
168:
161:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7034:
7024:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7006:Prostaglandins
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6971:Abortifacients
6958:
6957:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6884:
6882:Diacylglycerol
6879:
6874:
6869:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6763:
6752:
6751:
6746:
6744:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6721:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6702:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6669:
6663:
6661:
6652:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6367:
6355:
6350:
6338:
6326:
6321:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6270:Phenylbutazone
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5800:
5798:
5781:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5330:
5328:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5244:Isocarbacyclin
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5202:
5200:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5105:
5103:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4977:(dinoprostone)
4974:
4970:
4965:
4961:
4956:
4947:
4945:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4900:(dinoprostone)
4897:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4864:Isocarbacyclin
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4832:
4830:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4785:(dinoprostone)
4782:
4778:
4773:
4769:
4764:
4755:
4753:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4698:(dinoprostone)
4695:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4648:
4646:
4638:
4629:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4524:
4522:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4465:
4457:
4448:
4439:
4430:
4416:
4415:
4402:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4379:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4219:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4009:Carboprost/F2α
4006:
3999:
3998:
3995:Sulprostone/E2
3992:
3987:
3982:
3980:Misoprostol/E1
3975:
3973:
3966:Prostaglandins
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3907:labor inducers
3899:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3876:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3851:(Dinoprostone)
3847:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3560:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3324:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3284:(Dinoprostone)
3281:
3276:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3219:
3216:Prostaglandins
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3141:"Dinoprostone"
3135:
3134:External links
3132:
3129:
3128:
3110:
3046:
3025:
3000:
2965:
2934:
2903:
2851:
2816:
2775:
2736:
2687:
2649:
2638:(10): 2123–8.
2619:
2584:
2565:(2–3): 55–63.
2549:
2496:
2442:
2393:
2367:
2318:
2289:(7): 3663–70.
2269:
2262:
2244:
2217:
2168:
2114:
2099:"Dinoprostone"
2090:
2059:
2052:
2031:
1982:
1924:
1917:
1900:
1889:
1856:
1796:
1748:
1731:"Dinoprostone"
1709:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1640:Sune Bergström
1635:
1632:prostaglandins
1623:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1519:Administration
1517:
1504:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1366:
1347:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:Kidney effects
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:smooth muscles
1227:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1131:
1108:
1101:prostaglandins
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1034:
1022:
1009:via enhancing
1002:
998:
994:
982:
978:
974:
971:
966:
958:
951:
947:
943:
936:
925:
920:
916:
912:
904:
895:
891:
876:
873:
867:
861:
849:
832:
802:
795:
791:
786:
776:
771:
766:cyclooxygenase
760:
750:
724:newborn babies
694:
687:
681:
680:
663:
662:
660:
659:
656:
654:
651:
643:
642:
641:
638:
637:
635:
634:
631:
623:
622:
621:
618:
617:
615:
614:
606:
604:
596:
595:
589:
583:
582:
579:
573:
567:
562:
556:
555:
551:
550:
540:
532:
531:
529:
528:
515:
513:
500:
499:
497:
496:
488:
486:
480:
479:
477:
476:
468:
466:
460:
459:
457:
456:
448:
446:
440:
439:
437:
436:
428:
426:
420:
419:
417:
416:
408:
406:
400:
399:
397:
396:
388:
386:
380:
379:
377:
376:
368:
366:
360:
359:
357:
356:
348:
346:
335:
334:
332:
331:
323:
321:
315:
314:
312:
311:
296:
288:
287:
286:
283:
282:
278:
277:
275:
274:
265:
253:
239:
237:
231:
230:
226:
225:
223:
222:
209:
207:
201:
200:
197:
195:administration
189:
188:
186:
185:
183:
173:
171:
163:
162:
160:
159:
142:
124:
122:
116:
115:
108:
102:
101:
94:
84:
83:
68:
64:
63:
60:
54:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7033:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6956:
6946:
6945:
6942:
6929:
6928:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6910:
6904:
6898:
6896:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6867:Linoleic acid
6865:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6759:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6740:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6717:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6698:
6692:
6685:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6657:
6647:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6336:Fluproquazone
6334:
6333:Quinazolines:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6111:Flunoxaprofen
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6096:Dexketoprofen
6094:
6092:
6091:Dexindoprofen
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6029:Proglumetacin
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5959:Difenpiramide
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5896:Acetic acids:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5772:
5768:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5627:Fenprostalene
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5577:Delprostenate
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5350:Thromboxane A
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5324:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5272:(alprostadil)
5266:
5264:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5196:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5153:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5099:
5089:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4971:
4969:
4968:(alprostadil)
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4941:
4932:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4894:
4892:
4891:(alprostadil)
4885:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4826:
4817:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4779:
4777:
4776:(alprostadil)
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4749:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4692:
4690:
4689:(alprostadil)
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4642:
4633:
4630:
4625:
4615:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4518:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4452:
4449:
4444:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4400:
4395:
4393:
4388:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:Hexoprenaline
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4114:
4109:
4107:
4102:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4004:Dinoprost/F2α
4001:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3885:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3328:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3295:(Alprostadil)
3289:
3288:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3004:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2955:on 2021-01-28
2951:
2944:
2938:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2856:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2832:(3): 573–84.
2831:
2827:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2624:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2512:(3): 163–75.
2511:
2507:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2053:9781284057560
2049:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1920:
1918:9780857111562
1914:
1910:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1890:9780470750353
1886:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1670:
1662:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1628:Ulf von Euler
1619:
1607:
1600:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1497:Loop of Henle
1474:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1408:
1406:
1386:
1376:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:meta-analysis
1353:
1345:
1341:
1326:
1324:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1278:
1263:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1215:
1162:receptors (EP
1139:
1137:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1121:B lymphocytes
1118:
1114:
1107:function. PGE
1106:
1102:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1059:
1042:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
992:
988:
970:
964:
955:
940:
933:
931:
910:
901:
888:
886:
882:
872:
870:
859:
855:
846:
844:
840:
836:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
799:
789:
782:
774:
767:
763:
756:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:prostaglandin
701:
697:
690:
677:
670:
664:
655:
650:
649:
646:
639:
630:
629:
626:
619:
612:
608:
607:
605:
602:
597:
590:
588:
584:
563:
561:
557:
552:
548:
544:
541:
539:
537:ECHA InfoCard
533:
525:
521:
520:DTXSID4022947
517:
516:
514:
505:
501:
494:
490:
489:
487:
485:
481:
474:
470:
469:
467:
465:
461:
454:
450:
449:
447:
445:
441:
434:
430:
429:
427:
425:
421:
414:
410:
409:
407:
405:
401:
394:
390:
389:
387:
385:
381:
374:
370:
369:
367:
365:
361:
354:
350:
349:
347:
340:
336:
329:
325:
324:
322:
320:
316:
308:
304:
300:
295:
294:
291:
284:
279:
273: Rx-only
266:
264:
254:
251:
241:
240:
238:
236:
232:
227:
219:
214:
211:
210:
208:
206:
202:
198:
196:
190:
184:
175:
174:
172:
170:
164:
157:
152:
143:
140:
135:
126:
125:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
59:
55:
52:Clinical data
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
22:
6925:
6918:
6863:
6482:
6410:
6407:Propacetamol
6397:Parapropamol
6373:
6361:
6344:
6332:
6324:Floctafenine
6315:
6273:
6250:Azapropazone
6247:Pyrazolones:
6246:
6199:
6181:Tarenflurbil
6116:Flurbiprofen
6086:Dexibuprofen
6066:Benoxaprofen
6061:Alminoprofen
6057:
5984:Glucametacin
5895:
5872:Salicylamide
5862:Salacetamide
5803:
5752:Trimoprostil
5747:Tiprostanide
5732:Spiriprostil
5667:Naxaprostene
5617:Esuberaprost
5572:Cobiprostone
5370:Antagonists:
5369:
5333:
5304:Antagonists:
5303:
5297:Treprostinil
5205:
5137:Fluprostenol
5127:Cloprostenol
5108:
5022:
4989:Antagonists:
4988:
4972:
4954:Lubiprostone
4950:
4922:Antagonists:
4921:
4895:
4835:
4797:Antagonists:
4796:
4790:Treprostinil
4780:
4758:
4710:Antagonists:
4709:
4693:
4675:Lubiprostone
4651:
4546:Antagonists:
4545:
4527:
4489:Antagonists:
4488:
4482:Treprostinil
4470:
4204:Mifepristone
4137:Dinoprostone
4136:
3989:
3985:Gemeprost/E1
3950:Syntometrine
3941:Acetergamine
3845:
3841:stimulation:
3837:
3825:
3821:stimulation:
3817:
3805:
3792:
3766:
3743:
3725:
3681:
3676:vasodilation
3674:
3641:
3590:
3380:Leukotrienes
3346:Thromboxanes
3279:
3144:
3122:
3113:
3068:
3064:
3040:
3019:
3015:
3003:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2957:. Retrieved
2950:the original
2937:
2926:. Retrieved
2922:
2871:
2867:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2795:(5): 211–4.
2792:
2788:
2778:
2745:
2739:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2665:
2661:
2635:
2631:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2462:
2458:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2385:. Retrieved
2380:
2377:"Acute Pain"
2370:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2253:
2247:
2233:(7): 452–7.
2230:
2226:
2220:
2188:(3): 682–8.
2185:
2181:
2171:
2139:(2): 134–8.
2136:
2132:
2106:. Retrieved
2102:
2093:
2084:10665/325771
2074:
2043:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1908:
1903:
1879:
1841:
1766:
1762:
1739:. Retrieved
1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1555:
1546:
1542:
1522:
1462:
1433:
1414:
1411:Side effects
1392:
1364:
1362:deliveries.
1337:
1329:Medical uses
1321:to increase
1297:-derived PGE
1284:
1264:
1234:produced by
1221:
1145:
1113:T-lymphocyte
1086:
1048:acting on EP
1043:
1019:permeability
1007:inflammation
976:
956:
941:
934:
889:
878:
847:
800:
748:
726:to keep the
700:dinoprostone
699:
692:
685:
684:
673:
667:
306:
302:
298:
235:Legal status
229:Legal status
156:Dinoprostone
120:License data
79:
75:
71:
7021:Uterotonics
6864:Precursors:
6804:Nicogrelate
6784:Furegrelate
6725:Bimatoprost
6635:Trifenagrel
6625:Tiflamizole
6595:Rutecarpine
6580:Resveratrol
6521:Glimepiride
6486:Anitrazafen
6464:Robenacoxib
6444:Lumiracoxib
6377:Acetanilide
6319:Antrafenine
6277:Ampiroxicam
6171:Pranoprofen
6156:Naproxcinod
6049:Zidometacin
5974:Fenclofenac
5899:Aceclofenac
5837:Ethenzamide
5832:Dipyrocetyl
5727:Rosaprostol
5707:Posaraprost
5692:Penprostene
5682:Ornoprostil
5662:Mexiprostil
5657:Meteneprost
5612:Eptaloprost
5587:Dimoxaprost
5552:Arbaprostil
5506:Seratrodast
5398:BMS-180,291
5229:Carbacyclin
5179:Unoprostone
5159:(dinoprost)
5142:Latanoprost
5117:Bimatoprost
5112:Alfaprostol
5068:(dinoprost)
5007:ONO-AE3-208
4959:Misoprostol
4915:Sulprostone
4905:Remiprostol
4874:Misoprostol
4869:Latanoprost
4844:Carbacyclin
4805:PF-04418948
4767:Misoprostol
4703:Sulprostone
4680:Misoprostol
4670:Latanoprost
4604:Vidupiprant
4594:Timapiprant
4589:Setipiprant
4564:Fevipiprant
4531:Indometacin
4502:Vidupiprant
4497:Laropiprant
4328:Indometacin
4303:antagonists
4291:Terbutaline
4199:Misoprostol
4173:Ergometrine
4168:Demoxytocin
4062:from market
4041:Demoxytocin
3946:Ergometrine
3903:Uterotonics
3860:(Dinoprost)
3584:By function
3575:Virodhamine
3306:(Dinoprost)
3207:Prostanoids
3183:Eicosanoids
3022:(17). 2013.
2600:(1): 61–8.
2527:2433/156404
2413:(1): 21–8.
2182:Circulation
1471:) binds to
1375:collagenase
1307:prostanoids
1232:vasodilator
1064:binds to EP
1058:nociception
885:osteoclasts
881:osteoblasts
871:in babies.
594: g·mol
543:100.006.052
473:CHEBI:15551
281:Identifiers
106:MedlinePlus
67:Other names
58:Trade names
6965:Categories
6834:Samixogrel
6829:Rolafagrel
6814:Picotamide
6794:Midazogrel
6769:Camonagrel
6630:Timegadine
6575:Pamicogrel
6546:Licofelone
6526:Hyperforin
6491:Clobuzarit
6479:Valdecoxib
6474:Tilmacoxib
6459:Polmacoxib
6434:Etoricoxib
6402:Phenacetin
6370:Nimesulide
6348:Clonixeril
6341:Proquazone
6297:Lornoxicam
6196:Vedaprofen
6146:Miroprofen
6141:Loxoprofen
6136:Ketoprofen
6131:Indoprofen
6106:Fenoprofen
6019:Oxametacin
6014:Nabumetone
5954:Diclofenac
5949:Clometacin
5944:Cinmetacin
5939:Bumadizone
5919:Alclofenac
5904:Acemetacin
5842:Guacetisal
5827:Diflunisal
5777:inhibitors
5742:Tilsuprost
5722:Rivenprost
5717:Rioprostil
5712:Prostalene
5697:Pimilprost
5687:Oxoprostol
5677:Nocloprost
5652:Luprostiol
5642:Lanproston
5637:Froxiprost
5632:Flunoprost
5622:Etiproston
5607:Enisoprost
5602:Eganoprost
5562:Ciprostene
5531:Terutroban
5521:Sulotroban
5501:Samixogrel
5486:Ramatroban
5473:Picotamide
5458:Mipitroban
5453:Linotroban
5438:Imitrodast
5428:ICI-192605
5423:ICI-185282
5408:Domitroban
5388:Argatroban
5287:Taprostene
5209:ACT-333679
5174:Travoprost
5169:Tafluprost
5164:Sulotroban
5122:Carboprost
5078:Taprenepag
5059:Omidenepag
5054:Nocloprost
5044:Evatanepag
5039:Carboprost
4992:Grapiprant
4584:Ramatroban
4492:Asapiprant
4412:modulators
4406:Prostanoid
4346:Nifedipine
4246:Tocolytics
4163:Carbetocin
4158:Carboprost
4036:Carbetocin
3768:leukocytes
3547:Nonclassic
2959:2020-07-31
2928:2020-07-31
2707:(1): 1–2.
2387:2020-08-04
2108:2020-07-27
1842:StatPearls
1675:References
1645:E.J. Corey
1475:(GPCRs) EP
1117:thymocytes
1105:lymphocyte
1060:. When PGE
993:. When PGE
781:peroxidase
599:3D model (
587:Molar mass
433:K7Q1JQR04M
404:ChemSpider
364:IUPHAR/BPS
319:CAS Number
290:IUPAC name
6839:Terbogrel
6819:Pirmagrel
6779:Dazoxiben
6774:Dazmegrel
6667:Retinoids
6585:Romazarit
6531:Itazigrel
6516:FR-122047
6511:Flumizole
6469:Rofecoxib
6454:Parecoxib
6449:Mavacoxib
6439:Firocoxib
6429:Deracoxib
6424:Cimicoxib
6419:Celecoxib
6414:Apricoxib
6365:Flosulide
6329:Glafenine
6312:Tenoxicam
6307:Piroxicam
6302:Meloxicam
6186:Tepoxalin
6166:Pirprofen
6161:Oxaprozin
6126:Ibuproxam
6121:Ibuprofen
6081:Carprofen
6076:Butibufen
6054:Zomepirac
6024:Oxindanac
6009:Mofezolac
6004:Lonazolac
5999:Ketorolac
5979:Fentiazac
5934:Bufexamac
5929:Bromfenac
5909:Aclofenac
5892:Triflusal
5882:Salsalate
5807:Aloxiprin
5757:Viprostol
5702:Piriprost
5672:Nileprost
5647:Limaprost
5597:Ecraprost
5592:Doxaprost
5582:Deprostil
5567:Clinprost
5526:Terbogrel
5516:SQ-29,548
5511:SQ-28,668
5468:ONO-11120
5433:Ifetroban
5403:Daltroban
5393:Bay U3405
5363:Vapiprost
5334:Agonists:
5307:RO1138452
5282:Selexipag
5277:Ralinepag
5234:Cicaprost
5224:BMY-45778
5219:Beraprost
5206:Agonists:
5132:Enprostil
5109:Agonists:
5073:Simenepag
5049:Gemeprost
5023:Agonists:
4997:GW-627368
4951:Agonists:
4854:Enprostil
4849:Cicaprost
4839:Beraprost
4836:Agonists:
4762:Butaprost
4759:Agonists:
4660:Enprostil
4655:Beraprost
4652:Agonists:
4559:Bay U3405
4528:Agonists:
4471:Agonists:
4409:signaling
4286:Ritodrine
4276:Fenoterol
4271:Buphenine
4132:Dinoprost
4072:Phase III
4060:Withdrawn
3971:analogues
3911:oxytocics
3727:platelets
3483:Precursor
3389:Precursor
3225:Precursor
3190:Precursor
2770:233711901
1741:8 January
1696:Drugs.com
1671:in 1977.
1513:diuretics
1453:C-section
1015:leukocyte
827:C-section
722:, and in
493:ChEMBL548
193:Routes of
167:Pregnancy
98:Monograph
92:Drugs.com
6955:Medicine
6915:See also
6824:Ridogrel
6799:Nafagrel
6789:Isbogrel
6672:Selenium
6640:Tropesin
6615:SC-58125
6600:Satigrel
6565:NCX-4040
6541:L-670596
6536:L-655240
6496:Curcumin
6358:Flunixin
6353:Clonixin
6292:Isoxicam
6287:Enolicam
6282:Droxicam
6260:Isopyrin
6255:Dipyrone
6176:Suprofen
6151:Naproxen
6101:Fenbufen
6044:Tolmetin
6034:Sulindac
5969:Felbinac
5964:Etodolac
5924:Bendazac
5737:Tiaprost
5557:Ataprost
5545:Unsorted
5491:Ridogrel
5463:ONO-3708
5448:L-670596
5443:L-655240
5418:GR-32191
5034:Aganepag
5016:Unsorted
5002:L-161982
4982:TCS-2510
4925:L-798106
4810:TG 4-155
4733:SC-51322
4728:SC-51089
4723:SC-19220
4718:ONO-8130
4554:AZD-1981
4549:ADC-3680
4420:Receptor
4310:Atosiban
4301:Oxytocin
4183:Oxytocin
4142:Oxytocin
4031:Oxytocin
3770:: induce
3729:: induce
3555:Lipoxins
3105:12861081
2995:15511754
2898:26734422
2762:33818996
2731:33278282
2682:19623003
2644:12776961
2614:24768319
2579:23756023
2544:21554307
2536:21116297
2491:32021549
2465:: 1–13.
2437:22187483
2362:23726390
2313:21900181
2163:27407318
2073:(2019).
2026:21942677
1895:Archived
1851:31424863
1791:52978808
1783:30317521
1735:Archived
1587:Toxicity
1487:, and EP
1449:glaucoma
1360:cesarean
1174:, and EP
1128:antibody
1111:affects
1083:Immunity
835:receptor
823:glaucoma
708:oxytocic
676:(verify)
384:DrugBank
328:363-24-6
205:ATC code
169:category
151:DailyMed
70:PGE2, (5
6996:Ketones
6844:U63557A
6809:Ozagrel
6620:Tenidap
6560:NCX-466
6506:FK-3311
6501:DuP-697
6387:Bucetin
5914:Amfenac
5867:Salicin
5536:TRA-418
5383:AA-2414
5373:12-HETE
5358:U-46619
5292:TRA-418
5249:MRE-269
4800:AH-6809
4713:AH-6809
4599:TM30089
4579:QAV-680
4574:MK-7246
4569:MK-1029
4426:ligands
3793:inhibit
3744:inhibit
3405:Initial
3073:Bibcode
2889:4693078
2846:6391777
2811:4599109
2722:8011513
2482:6970614
2428:3249979
2353:3778977
2304:3178752
2239:6958133
2212:2535420
2204:7460252
2154:4925861
2103:PubChem
2017:3285496
1702:27 July
1622:History
1182:via PGE
1125:humoral
894:and PGE
592:352.471
560:Formula
413:4444059
393:DB00917
353:5280360
339:PubChem
301:,11α,13
221:)
215: (
213:G02AD02
182: C
153::
136::
112:a682512
74:,11α,13
6941:Portal
6857:Others
6706:HQL-79
6610:SC-560
6605:SC-236
6570:NS-398
5771:Enzyme
5413:EP-045
5378:13-APA
5318:TP (TX
5254:NS-304
5214:AFP-07
4320:NSAIDs
4055:WHO-EM
3557:(LX) (
3499:Eoxins
3474:Eoxins
3244:Active
3103:
3096:166355
3093:
2993:
2896:
2886:
2844:
2809:
2768:
2760:
2729:
2719:
2680:
2642:
2612:
2577:
2542:
2534:
2489:
2479:
2435:
2425:
2360:
2350:
2332:Lancet
2311:
2301:
2260:
2237:
2210:
2202:
2161:
2151:
2050:
2024:
2014:
1915:
1887:
1849:
1789:
1781:
1509:NSAIDs
1445:asthma
1258:and EP
1068:and EP
1052:and EP
963:T cell
839:cervix
819:asthma
742:or by
740:vagina
625:SMILES
484:ChEMBL
453:D00079
263:℞-only
261:
248:
149:
139:by INN
132:
5496:S-145
5345:I-BOP
5190:IP (I
5093:FP (F
4619:EP (E
4438:DP (D
4250:G02CA
3839:labor
3819:fever
3433:SRS-A
3012:(PDF)
2953:(PDF)
2946:(PDF)
2766:S2CID
2540:S2CID
2208:S2CID
1787:S2CID
1763:Drugs
1323:renin
1317:or EP
1295:COX-2
1194:. PGE
1031:COX-2
1011:edema
807:fever
706:with
645:InChI
601:JSmol
464:ChEBI
6757:TXAS
6715:PGFS
6696:PGES
5794:PTGS
3915:G02A
3476:(EX)
3382:(LT)
3348:(TX)
3218:(PG)
3101:PMID
2991:PMID
2894:PMID
2842:PMID
2807:PMID
2758:PMID
2727:PMID
2678:PMID
2640:PMID
2610:PMID
2575:PMID
2532:PMID
2487:PMID
2433:PMID
2358:PMID
2309:PMID
2258:ISBN
2235:PMID
2200:PMID
2159:PMID
2048:ISBN
2022:PMID
1913:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1847:PMID
1779:PMID
1743:2017
1704:2020
1595:(PGE
1563:(PGE
1527:(PGE
1499:and
1483:, EP
1479:, EP
1467:(PGE
1369:(PGE
1354:and
1289:(PGE
1226:(PGE
1170:, EP
1166:, EP
1150:(PGE
1091:(PGE
1013:and
989:and
981:(PGE
841:and
790:(PGH
775:(PGG
444:KEGG
424:UNII
373:1883
88:AHFS
6734:PGI
6651:PGD
5789:COX
4002:F:
3978:E:
3968:and
3855:PGF
3846:PGE
3826:PGE
3806:PGE
3798:PGD
3783:LTB
3775:TXA
3757:PGI
3749:PGD
3734:TXA
3714:LTE
3706:LTD
3698:LTC
3690:PGI
3682:PGE
3665:TXB
3657:TXA
3649:PGF
3630:LTE
3622:LTD
3614:LTC
3606:TXA
3598:PGD
3251:D/J
3091:PMC
3081:doi
3069:100
2983:doi
2884:PMC
2876:doi
2834:doi
2797:doi
2750:doi
2717:PMC
2709:doi
2705:137
2670:doi
2666:114
2602:doi
2567:doi
2522:hdl
2514:doi
2477:PMC
2467:doi
2423:PMC
2415:doi
2411:188
2348:PMC
2340:doi
2336:382
2299:PMC
2291:doi
2287:187
2190:doi
2149:PMC
2141:doi
2079:hdl
2012:PMC
2004:doi
2000:111
1771:doi
1669:FDA
1501:ADH
1447:or
1398:PGE
1393:PGE
957:PGE
942:PGE
924:PGE
854:FDA
821:or
749:PGE
693:PGE
509:EPA
343:CID
305:,15
250:POM
218:WHO
134:EMA
78:,15
6967::
6682:,
6678:,
6481:;
6409:;
6372:;
6360:;
6343:;
6331:;
6314:;
6272:;
6245:;
6198:;
6056:;
5894:;
5320:A2
5157:2α
5095:2α
5066:2α
4936:EP
4821:EP
4744:EP
4637:EP
4513:DP
4456:DP
4068::
3857:2α
3651:2α
3564:,
3304:2α
3273:/F
3143:.
3121:.
3099:.
3089:.
3079:.
3067:.
3063:.
3049:^
3039:.
3028:^
3020:18
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