779:. They were forced to raise the siege when Sertorius approached, after which Pius returned to Gaul. He then offered a reward of 100 silver talents and 20,000 acres of land to any Roman who would betray Sertorius. This resulted in Sertorius no longer trusting his Roman bodyguard and exchanged it for an Iberian one. Continued successes during 73 BC saw him ease up and allow Pompey to take the burden of the final phases of the war, with Sertorius' murder in 72 BC. He imposed new taxes in Hispania Ulterior after the end of Sertorius' rebellion. Pius' governorship ended in 71 BC with the end of the war. He disbanded his army after crossing the
634:
for enduring – as their enemy did – constant hunger without either tent or campfire, his army was useless. The light armour and consequent agility of his
Iberian warriors meant Sertorius was constantly shifting his focus and changing the situation, until Metellus was at his wits' end. Metellus was no longer young, and after the many heroic contests of his youth he was now somewhat inclined to ease and luxury, while Sertorius was full of mature vigour. ... When Sertorius challenged Metellus to single combat, Metellus' men cheered and urged him to fight it out, general to general, and they mocked him when he declined.
258:
414:. Here he met up with Gnaeus Octavius, who had abandoned Rome, but both men soon fell out with each other, over Metellus Pius' troops demanding that their commander take over overall command from Gnaeus Octavius. The Senate then asked him to negotiate with Cinna on their behalf, during which time he recognized Cinna as the legitimate consul. However, with Cinna's occupation of Rome and the executions initiated by Gaius Marius, Metellus Pius decided to abandon Rome and head to
749:
fought
Metellus. After Hirtuleius had fallen Sertorius switched places with Perpenna and launched several personally-led attacks on Metellus. (Sertorius probably reckoned Metellus' army would break without its leader.) Metellus stood his ground and in the course of the fight he was wounded by a spear. This turned out to be a turning point in the battle, for Metellus' men counter-attacked in revenge and pushed back the Iberians.
482:, bringing new troops with him. He, like many of the aristocracy, only joined Sulla when it was prudent to do so, and not because they approved of his measures, such as his first march on Rome. Regardless, recognizing Metellus as possessing propraetorian imperium and his influence as a member of the powerful Metellan faction, Sulla made him his principal subordinate. By July 83 BC, the Senate, under the direction of the consul
427:
629:− was defeated by Sertorius (79 BC). After Thorius's defeat Metellus decided to take on Sertorius himself. Metellus was a solid if unspectacular general, under normal circumstances he would have easily trounced his opponent with his superior forces, but now he was pitted against the tactically brilliant Sertorius. Plutarch describes the unequal campaign which followed:
701:
sweltering while
Metellus' legionaries remained relatively fresh. Since his enemy remained drawn up in front of his camp for hours, Metellus had plenty of time to study their dispositions and make his own plans accordingly. He had observed that Hirtuleius had posted his strongest units in the centre of his battle-line.
796:
Regardless of his working relationship with Pompey in
Hispania, Metellus Pius' politics meant that he was opposed to Pompey's continued irregular extra-magisterial career throughout the 60s BC. Though Pompey was largely untouchable, senatorial resentment could be visited upon his clients and (former)
748:
Plutarch remarks that this battle was forced upon
Sertorius. This was probably done by his Celt-Iberian troops who wanted to defend Segontia, one of their native towns. The fighting started at noon and lasted well into the night. Sertorius first fought Pompey while his legates Perpenna and Hirtuleius
662:
with a large army to give
Metellus what assistance he could, while Pius' governorship was prorogued. Both men worked well together, but were hard pressed to win any encounter with Sertorius himself. With Pompey's arrival in 76 BC, Sertorius turned his attention to him, inflicting severe losses on the
758:
Metellus then complacently decided to rest his troops and made camp. Sertorius in the meantime had regrouped his men and in the evening launched an unexpected attack on
Metellus' camp, and attempted to exploit its vulnerable position by cutting it off with a trench. Unfortunately for the Sertorians,
700:
when
Hirtuleius made the mistake of trying to force his opponent into a pitched battle. He mustered his army soon after dawn and marched on Metellus' encampment. Metellus mustered his troops too, but kept them behind his entrenchments until noon. It was extremely hot and Hirtuleius' troops were soon
654:
upon entering the
Iberian peninsula and had to retreat. The end result was that an exhausted Metellus was pushed out of his province (Hispania Ulterior). Metellus probably had a security problem. Sertorius was rumored to have many spies in his camp. On a later occasion a young officer asked Metellus
633:
He was accustomed to regular warfare with heavy infantry. He liked to command a solid, ponderous bloc of infantry. This formation was superbly trained to push back and vanquish the enemy in close quarter combat. For constantly chasing men who floated like the wind over the mountains he had to climb
753:
All the Romans who saw or heard of this were filled with shame at the idea of deserting their commander. The same event filled them with fury against the enemy. So, they covered
Metellus with their shields and carried him out of danger. Then they fell energetically on the Iberians and pushed them
787:
together with Pompey on December 30, 71 BC. Regardless of the triumph, during those eight years of resistance he was unable to conclusively defeat Sertorius, and it was only after Sertorius' assassination by his own men that the rebels were forced to cede to the military ability of Metellus Pius.
759:
Pompey and his army now showed up and forced them to withdraw. Over the course of the battle Pompey had lost 6,000 men while Sertorius had lost only 3,000, but to offset this Perperna had lost some 5,000 soldiers. Metellus' losses are unknown, but must have been significant as well.
551:
During this entire period, he was shown to be one of Sulla's best subordinates. Finally in 80 BC, he was appointed consul alongside Sulla. Metellus Pius used his position to reward Quintus Calidius, who had helped bring his father back, by supporting his bid for the
704:
When the battle finally commenced Metellus held back his own centre and concentrated on winning on the flanks. After defeating his opponent's flanks he enveloped Hirtuleius' centre and slaughtered them. This was the classic tactic used by
667:. Unfortunately for Sertorius, his legates were not able to contain Metellus, and he arrived just in time to save Pompey. Against Sertorius's legates Metellus and Pompey had more success. In 75 BC, Pompey defeated Sertorius's legates
358:
In 88 BC, after being sidelined by his political opponents, Sulla marched his legions on Rome and took the capital. He took revenge on his enemies and forced Marius into exile. Sulla then left Italy and went east to fight in the
355:
in Rome during this period, most likely during Metellus' praetorship. Cicero remarked of Metellus' ability: 'although no real orator, he was nonetheless not without some capacity for public speech'.
658:
When the consuls of 78 BC declined to join Metellus as proconsuls once their terms ended, the Senate in late 77 BC, hearing of Metellus' ongoing reverses at the hands of Sertorius, decided to send
290:, Metellus Pius launched a campaign to bring his father back from exile. He produced a petition in 99 BC to this effect, and his constant pleading on the subject resulted in Quintus Calidius, the
693:
The battle was Metellus' first major victory in the Sertorian War. It freed Metellus' army from the western theatre and allowed him to march against Sertorius' rear in the eastern theatre.
286:, returning to Rome in 107 BC, when the actions of Gaius Marius forcibly recalled his father. In 100 BC, after his father was banished due to the political maneuverings of Gaius Marius and
455:
governor of the province, but this was unrecognized by Cinna and his regime at Rome. Nevertheless, it wasn't until 84 BC that the Marians at Rome were able to send out their own governor,
478:
By 83 BC, Sulla had returned from the east and was slowly marching towards Rome for his confrontation with the Marian regime. Moving quickly, Metellus was the first to meet him along the
858:
and thus was a third cousin of his adoptive father. At the time of his adoption the new Caecilius was a grown man, but he had not yet shown himself in any way. He received name
574:, an opponent of Sulla, established himself in Hispania and began a rebellion against the Senate. In 80 BC, after Sertorius had defeated Lucius Fufidius, the governor of
2158:
329:
in the following year (88 BC). During his praetorship, he was tasked with enrolling the Italian allies as new Roman citizens within sixty days, in accordance with the
767:
Metellus Pius spent the winter of 75–74 BC in Gaul, where he received two legions in reinforcements. Upon his return to Hispania in 74 BC, he captured the towns of
617:
From the start, it was clear that Metellus was outclassed by the brilliant Sertorius suffering repeated defeats through Sertorius’ use of guerrilla tactics. His
713:
almost a century and a half previous. Hirtuleius lost 20,000 men at Italica and fled north to join his commander Sertorius who was squaring off against Pompey.
335:. Once this was completed, Metellus Pius returned to the front, and replaced the legate Gaius Cosconius on the southern front. He harassed the territory around
655:
the intention behind one of his order. He retorted: "If the shirt on my back knew what I have in mind, I would take it off and throw it into the fire."
2140:
274:, was the son of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, who was consul in 109 BC. His career began in that same year, when he accompanied his father to
2396:
2149:
2122:
2212:
1158:
108:
1704:
VIII 15, 8; IX 1, 5; Vell. II 30, 2; Plut. Sert. 12—13; 19—22; 27; Pomp. 18—19; App. BC I 108—112, 115, 121; Ib. 101; Auc. Vir. Ill. 63, 2;
2078:
582:, they dispatched Metellus to take charge of the war against Sertorius. Arriving in Hispania in 79 BC Metellus established his bases at
2275:
2203:
2185:
1986:
2230:
626:
2421:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2221:
896:. In the novels he is characterised as having a stutter, and is referred to by contemporaries, including Sulla, as "the Piglet".
411:
2381:
2376:
2014:
859:
855:
2371:
1963:
1895:
1876:
1764:
2426:
2406:
2266:
195:
103:
2431:
451:, but both men fell out, and Crassus was forced to leave and eventually join up with Sulla in Greece. Metellus acted as
298:"Pius" for the constancy and inflexibility with which he fought for his father's political rehabilitation and return to
2401:
2194:
508:, in a six-hour battle at the river Aesis, only to be blockaded by Carbo himself. When word of Sulla's victory at the
443:
Arriving in Africa by early 86 BC, Metellus Pius started raising an army from his clients, with the intent of joining
202:. He, because of his constant and unbending attempts to have his father officially recalled from exile, was given the
2167:
2113:
2010:
1855:
1836:
1815:
1134:
517:
2284:
2029:
1993:
1394:, 5.23; Broughton II, pp. 82, 86; Brennan, p. 506; Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain, pp. 83–84
578:, the Senate decided to send Metellus once his term as consul had ended. Upgrading Hispania Ulterior to a consular
541:
399:, fearing that they may need additional troops and commanders, ordered Metellus Pius to negotiate a peace with the
2071:
1783:
802:
524:, defeating them and plundering the town. Metellus then achieved a victory over the consul Carbo and his general
498:
245:
slowly grinding down the rebels from 79 to 72/71 BC. For his victories during the Sertorian War he was granted a
811:, the prosecution called on as witnesses a number of key anti-Pompeian former consuls, including Metellus Pius.
520:, another one of Carbo's lieutenants, Pompey's cavalry caught Censorinus's fleeing troops outside their base at
2366:
2361:
505:
436:
380:
847:
2416:
1576:, 18; Pompey had refused to wait for Metellus before engaging Sertorius in battle and almost lost his army.
516:, severely harassed by Pompey who acted as Metellus's cavalry commander. Some time later Metellus defeated
294:
of 98 BC passing a law which allowed his father to return. As a result of his fidelity, he was given the
287:
1946:
2064:
1933:
736:
726:
2386:
2036:
310:
835:
672:
536:
for Sulla. With Sulla's victory in 82 BC, he began rewarding his supporters, and made Metellus the
364:
621:
Thorius (probably Lucius Thorius Balbus) −dispatched to come to the assistance of the governor of
2351:
1700:
Sallust Hist. I 110—121; II 28, 59, 68—70; III 45 M; IV 49 M; Liv. Per. 91—93; Strabo III 4, 13;
843:
668:
494:
448:
415:
344:
2411:
2329:
2131:
815:
456:
452:
444:
376:
1756:
489:
In 82 BC, Sulla sent him to secure the northern parts of Italy, he was accompanied by a young
395:
they marched on Rome and laid siege to the city. During the early phase of this conflict, the
2356:
851:
509:
483:
360:
834:
Quintus Caecilius had no natural children. Therefore by his will he adopted a member of the
2176:
150:
431:
8:
900:
331:
306:
587:
2391:
1152:
893:
647:
217:. He successfully commanded Sulla's forces in the northern theatre (northern Italy and
1959:
1891:
1872:
1851:
1832:
1811:
1760:
1140:
1130:
688:
676:
651:
622:
575:
571:
392:
384:
234:
145:
595:
2087:
1752:
1701:
823:
768:
710:
664:
603:
537:
291:
222:
77:
735:. They then followed Sertorius inland to a town called Segontia and finally won a
257:
1866:
1826:
1805:
887:
881:
875:
807:
732:
722:
318:
646:
in 78 BC, Pius was forced to ask for help from Lucius Manlius, the governor of
579:
533:
525:
283:
218:
191:
136:
2345:
2302:
2048:
1915:(in German). Vol. III, 1. Stuttgart: Butcher. cols. 1221–24 – via
1675:
1144:
839:
819:
784:
565:
270:
246:
238:
164:
154:
1480:, p. 48; Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain, pp. 117–118.
2104:
1680:
Ancient Rome: From the Early Republic to the Assassination of Julius Caesar
1127:
The collapse of Rome : Marius, Sulla and the first Civil War, 91-70 BC
396:
388:
226:
199:
83:
237:(a former supporter of Marius) on the Iberian peninsula; in the so-called
904:
464:
407:
367:. In 87 BC, Metellus Pius' command was extended, with his appointment as
426:
309:
as a result of his family's eminence and influence. The outbreak of the
1916:
521:
468:
368:
140:
611:
1709:
1084:
776:
741:
643:
545:
479:
230:
89:
2056:
994:
2320:
1620:
1068:
842:, son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica, and maternal grandson of
706:
529:
400:
266:
910:
as the fictional main character Decius Caecilius Metellus' uncle.
696:
Metellus and Hirtuleius were campaigning near the Roman colony of
375:. Later that year, however, saw a dispute between the two consuls
2311:
798:
772:
697:
618:
553:
502:
472:
460:
372:
326:
314:
295:
275:
203:
71:
1907:
351:, at the time a young man, remembered hearing Metellus speak at
16:
Roman politician and general, Pontifex Maximus, consul in 80 BCE
1705:
863:
854:. On the paternal side this nobleman was the great grandson of
659:
513:
490:
447:, the principal opponent of Cinna and Marius. He was joined by
348:
340:
336:
242:
2002:
639:
322:
305:
Sometime during the 90s BC, Metellus Pius was elected to the
214:
862:
and further became the consul of 52 BC and father-in-law of
731:
Metellus came to the aid of Pompey after his near defeat at
213:
During the civil wars between 88 and 80 BC, Pius sided with
1790:. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association.
1171:
Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain, p.67
780:
299:
1747:
Badian, Ernst (2012). "Caecilius Metellus Pius, Quintus".
321:
in the northern theatre; he won some battles against the
814:
Metellus Pius was a friend and patron of the noted poet
1831:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
1521:
1056:
475:(in North-Western Italy) by late 84 BC or early 83 BC.
1913:
Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
970:
459:. Upon his arrival, he drove out Metellus who fled to
1958:(in German). Vol. 1. Passau: Verlag Karl Stutz.
1926:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology
982:
958:
874:
Metellus Pius is a prominent character in the novels
938:
Cic. P. Red. 37; Ad Quir. 6; Arch. 6; Vell. II 15, 3
387:. Cinna, expelled from Rome, met up with the exiled
1546:
198:was banished from Rome through the machinations of
1868:The age of Cinna: crucible of late republican Rome
1124:
739:against Sertorius himself. Metellus was acclaimed
650:, but Manlius was defeated by Sertorius's legate
642:in 79 BC, and suffering a defeat by Sertorius at
325:. As a result of these victories, he was elected
190:– 63 BC) was a general and statesman of the
2343:
317:in late 89 BC, probably serving the consul
2072:
1828:Plutarch's Sertorius: a historical commentary
860:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica
512:reached them, Carbo retreated to his base at
371:, responsible for continuing the war against
265:Metellus Pius, a member of the distinguished
1906:
1810:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
501:. Metellus defeated Carbo's lieutenant, the
347:, who died during the storming of Venusia.
2079:
2065:
1769:– via Oxford Research Encyclopedias.
1708:II 10; Eutrop. VI 1, 3; 5, 2; Oros. V 23;
1606:, 22; Brennan, p. 508; Broughton II, p. 98
1157:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
675:while Metellus defeated Hirtuleius at the
1807:The last generation of the Roman republic
1794:
1782:
1751:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
1657:
1655:
1094:
1078:
1062:
1025:
1004:
976:
964:
926:
463:; pursued here, he and the Numidian king
1885:
1527:
775:, before joining Pompey at the siege of
425:
256:
2397:Pontifices maximi of the Roman Republic
1953:
1773:
1757:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1229
1616:
1614:
1612:
1090:
1029:
1000:
988:
638:After an unsuccessful push towards the
430:Fantasy portrait of Metellus Pius from
261:Coin of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius
229:the following year alongside Sulla. As
2344:
1864:
1746:
1652:
1351:Brennan, pg. 506; Broughton II, pg. 84
1311:Broughton II, pg. 84; Brennan, pg. 506
1244:
1242:
1240:
1074:
471:. From here, Metellus made his way to
406:Marching to Rome, he made camp at the
2086:
2060:
1923:
1845:
1803:
1776:The praetorship in the Roman republic
1649:Broughton II, p. 104; Brennan, p. 508
1552:
1032:, p. 378; Diod. 37.2.9—11; App.
818:. Pius died around 63 BC; that year,
716:
421:
1890:. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword.
1691:Broughton II, p. 122; Smith, p. 1060
1609:
1503:Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain
1461:Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain
1414:Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain
1362:Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain
1340:Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain
754:back. Victory changed sides.Plutarch
486:, declared Metellus a public enemy.
2231:P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum
1888:Sertorius and the struggle of Spain
1871:. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
1505:, pp. 118–119; Broughton II, p. 93.
1237:
829:
92:(against Sertorius) (79–71 BC)
13:
2249:P. Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus
2240:P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio
1904:
1824:
762:
540:in 81 BC, following the murder of
14:
2443:
1797:Magistrates of the Roman republic
1788:Magistrates of the Roman republic
1225:Brennan, pg. 381; Lovano, pg. 115
1125:Sampson, Gareth C. (2013-09-09).
1115:Lovano, pg. 115; Brennan, pg. 543
343:, and defeated the rebel leader,
2267:L. Caecilius Metellus Delmaticus
1459:, pp. 226–227; Philip Matyszak,
570:Sometime during his consulship,
559:
542:Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex
1739:
1727:
1718:
1694:
1685:
1668:
1643:
1630:
1596:
1579:
1558:
1533:
1508:
1497:, 2.1.2 and 2.3.5; John Leach,
1483:
1466:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1406:
1397:
1380:
1367:
1354:
1345:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1043:
791:
467:were forced to flee onwards to
252:
181:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius
23:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius
2195:L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus
1715:I 1, 12; II 1, 2—34 3, 5; 7, 5
1019:
1010:
941:
932:
919:
797:subordinates. When the former
437:Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
60:Politician and military leader
1:
2382:1st-century BC Roman praetors
2377:1st-century BC Roman generals
1129:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire.
913:
869:
848:Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur
184:
46:
32:
2372:1st-century BC Roman consuls
2168:P. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus
1924:Smith, William, ed. (1867).
850:and great-great-grandson of
7:
2427:People of the Sertorian War
2422:People of Sulla's civil war
2407:Roman governors of Hispania
1749:Oxford Classical Dictionary
671:and Gaius Herennius at the
288:Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
221:). In 81 BC he became
10:
2448:
2432:Ancient Roman triumphators
2294:Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius
1905:Münzer, Friedrich (1897).
1501:, p. 47; Philip Matyszak,
727:Battle of Saguntum (75 BC)
720:
686:
682:
563:
2402:Roman governors of Africa
2213:P. Licinius Crassus Dives
2096:
2045:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2007:
1991:
1981:
1976:
1886:Matyszak, Philip (2013).
1795:Broughton, T R S (1986).
1774:Brennan, T Corey (2000).
1275:Broughton III, pgs. 40-41
801:and associate of Pompey,
174:
170:
160:
132:
124:
119:
115:
99:
64:
56:
41:
28:
21:
2276:Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus
2003:L. Cornelius Sulla Felix
1865:Lovano, Michael (2002).
899:He is also mentioned in
627:Marcus Domitius Calvinus
518:Gaius Marcius Censorinus
412:Publius Licinius Crassus
365:Mithridates VI of Pontus
1987:Gn. Cornelius Dolabella
1954:Zmeskal, Klaus (2009).
864:Gnaeus Pompey the Great
844:Lucius Licinius Crassus
449:Marcus Licinius Crassus
345:Quintus Poppaedius Silo
339:, captured the town of
1216:Gruen, pgs. 7 & 18
816:Aulus Licinius Archias
756:
660:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
636:
457:Gaius Fabius Hadrianus
445:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
440:
391:, and with their ally
377:Lucius Cornelius Cinna
313:saw him employed as a
262:
241:. He served alongside
215:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
2367:1st-century BC clergy
2362:2nd-century BC Romans
2204:M. Cornelius Cethegus
2186:L. Caecilius Metellus
1804:Gruen, Erich (1995).
1293:Cic. Arch. 6—7, 9, 31
877:The First Man in Rome
852:Gaius Laelius Sapiens
751:
663:Pompeian army at the
631:
548:from 82 BC to 80 BC.
510:Battle of Sacriportus
484:Gnaeus Papirius Carbo
429:
361:First Mithridatic War
260:
125:Years of service
2321:Imp. Caesar Augustus
2159:P. Cornelius Calussa
2015:Ap. Claudius Pulcher
1908:"Caecilius 98"
1846:Leach, John (1978).
1825:Konrad, C F (1994).
1447:, 2.5.31; Plutarch,
1320:Broughton II, pg. 82
1284:Broughton II, pg. 79
1266:Broughton II, pg. 78
1257:Broughton II, pg. 68
1207:Broughton II, pg. 61
1189:Broughton II, pg. 60
1180:Broughton II, pg. 55
856:Metellus Macedonicus
846:, great-grandson of
233:Pius fought against
2417:Supporters of Sulla
2312:M. Aemilius Lepidus
2222:M. Aemilius Lepidus
2132:A. Cornelius Cossus
1568:, 1.110; Plutarch,
1493:, 91.4; Frontinus,
1016:Brennan, pp 377-378
901:John Maddox Roberts
889:Fortune's Favorites
783:, and celebrated a
332:lex Plautia Papiria
307:College of Pontiffs
282:(cadet) during the
2285:Q. Mucius Scaevola
2258:P. Mucius Scaevola
2150:M. Fabius Ambustus
2030:Q. Mucius Scaevola
2011:P. Servilius Vatia
1977:Political offices
1724:Gruen, pp. 262–265
1476:, 18; John Leach,
1455:, 18; John Leach,
1451:, 18.3; Plutarch,
1390:, 1.113; Orosius,
1248:Leach, 1978, p. 26
894:Colleen McCullough
717:Sucro and Saguntum
673:Battle of Valentia
648:Gallia Transalpina
441:
422:Supporter of Sulla
263:
196:Metellus Numidicus
104:Metellus Numidicus
36: 128 BC
2339:
2338:
2089:Pontifices maximi
2055:
2054:
2046:Succeeded by
2022:Religious titles
2008:Succeeded by
1984:M. Tullius Decula
1965:978-3-88849-304-1
1941:Missing or empty
1934:cite encyclopedia
1897:978-1-84884-787-3
1878:978-3-515-07948-8
1766:978-0-19-938113-5
1625:Life of Sertorius
1604:Life of Sertorius
1587:Life of Sertorius
1570:Life of Sertorius
1453:Life of Sertorius
1412:Philip Matyszak,
1375:Life of Sertorius
1360:Philip Matyszak,
1338:Philip Matyszak,
925:All offices from
822:succeeded him as
805:, was accused of
689:Battle of Italica
677:Battle of Italica
652:Lucius Hirtuleius
623:Hispania Citerior
576:Hispania Ulterior
572:Quintus Sertorius
432:Guillaume Rouillé
410:, accompanied by
393:Quintus Sertorius
178:
177:
151:Sulla's civil war
146:Bellum Octavianum
2439:
2387:Caecilii Metelli
2303:C. Julius Caesar
2081:
2074:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2038:Pontifex maximus
2027:Preceded by
1982:Preceded by
1974:
1973:
1969:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1920:
1910:
1901:
1882:
1861:
1848:Pompey the Great
1842:
1821:
1800:
1791:
1784:Broughton, T R S
1779:
1770:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1702:Valerius Maximus
1698:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1674:Matthew Dillon,
1672:
1666:
1663:Pompey the Great
1659:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1634:
1628:
1618:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1583:
1577:
1572:, 19; Plutarch,
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1499:Pompey the Great
1487:
1481:
1478:Pompey the Great
1470:
1464:
1457:Pompey the Great
1441:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1425:Gruen, pp. 18–19
1423:
1417:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1148:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1088:
1082:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1008:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
945:
939:
936:
930:
923:
830:Family relations
824:pontifex maximus
799:plebeian tribune
665:Battle of Lauron
604:Sierra de Gredos
600:Viccus Caecilius
544:. He was also a
538:Pontifex Maximus
292:plebeian tribune
223:pontifex maximus
189:
186:
120:Military service
78:Pontifex maximus
51:
48:
37:
34:
19:
18:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2177:Ti. Coruncanius
2092:
2085:
2051:
2042:
2032:
2017:
2013:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1966:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1898:
1879:
1858:
1839:
1818:
1767:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1673:
1669:
1660:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1631:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1597:
1584:
1580:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1522:
1513:
1509:
1488:
1484:
1471:
1467:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1411:
1407:
1403:Brennan, p. 512
1402:
1398:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:Smith, pg. 1060
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1238:
1234:Lovano, pg. 120
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1150:
1149:
1137:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1093:, p. 379;
1089:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1003:, p. 378;
999:
995:
987:
983:
975:
971:
963:
959:
946:
942:
937:
933:
924:
920:
916:
883:The Grass Crown
872:
832:
803:Gaius Cornelius
794:
765:
763:The final years
729:
723:Battle of Sucro
721:Main articles:
719:
691:
685:
669:Marcus Perperna
592:Castra Caecilia
568:
562:
499:Marcus Lucullus
424:
381:Gnaeus Octavius
319:Pompeius Strabo
255:
187:
153:
149:
143:
139:
109:Metellus Scipio
107:
95:
80:(81–63 BC)
49:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2445:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:120s BC births
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2328:: Held by the
2326:12 BC – AD 375
2323:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2009:
2006:
1990:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1951:
1928:. Vol. 2.
1921:
1902:
1896:
1883:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1843:
1837:
1822:
1816:
1801:
1799:. Vol. 3.
1792:
1780:
1778:. Vol. 2.
1771:
1765:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1693:
1684:
1667:
1651:
1642:
1629:
1608:
1595:
1589:, 21; Appian,
1578:
1574:Life of Pompey
1557:
1545:
1532:
1530:, p. 119.
1520:
1507:
1482:
1474:Life of Pompey
1465:
1449:Life of Pompey
1436:
1427:
1418:
1405:
1396:
1392:Contra Paganos
1379:
1377:, 12–13 passim
1366:
1353:
1344:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1198:Lovano, pg. 95
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1135:
1117:
1108:
1106:Lovano, pg. 71
1099:
1095:Broughton 1952
1083:
1079:Broughton 1952
1077:, p. 44;
1067:
1063:Broughton 1952
1055:
1042:
1028:, p. 42;
1026:Broughton 1952
1018:
1009:
1005:Broughton 1986
993:
991:, p. 377.
981:
977:Broughton 1952
969:
965:Broughton 1952
957:
940:
931:
929:, p. 540.
927:Broughton 1952
917:
915:
912:
871:
868:
831:
828:
793:
790:
764:
761:
718:
715:
687:Main article:
684:
681:
564:Main article:
561:
558:
534:Cisalpine Gaul
526:Gaius Norbanus
506:Gaius Carrinas
495:Marcus Crassus
423:
420:
383:flare up into
284:Jugurthine War
254:
251:
219:Cisalpine Gaul
192:Roman Republic
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
137:Jugurthine War
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
101:
97:
96:
94:
93:
87:
81:
75:
68:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
43:
39:
38:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2444:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Roman legates
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2050:
2049:Julius Caesar
2041:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2004:
1998:80 BC
1996:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1859:
1857:0-8476-6035-4
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1838:0-8078-2139-X
1834:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1817:0-520-02238-6
1813:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1733:Gruen, p. 267
1730:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1688:
1682:(2005), p. 92
1681:
1677:
1676:Lynda Garland
1671:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1555:, p. 48.
1554:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1528:Matyszak 2013
1524:
1517:
1511:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1463:, pp. 96–101.
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1415:
1409:
1400:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1329:Gruen, pg. 18
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1136:9781473826854
1132:
1128:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1097:, p. 47.
1096:
1092:
1087:
1081:, p. 47.
1080:
1076:
1071:
1065:, p. 47.
1064:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1013:
1007:, p. 41.
1006:
1002:
997:
990:
985:
979:, p. 37.
978:
973:
966:
961:
954:
950:
944:
935:
928:
922:
918:
911:
909:
907:
902:
897:
895:
891:
890:
885:
884:
879:
878:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
827:
825:
821:
820:Julius Caesar
817:
812:
810:
809:
804:
800:
789:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
760:
755:
750:
746:
744:
743:
738:
734:
728:
724:
714:
712:
708:
702:
699:
694:
690:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
656:
653:
649:
645:
641:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
567:
566:Sertorian War
560:Sertorian War
557:
555:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:Pompey Magnus
487:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:propraetorian
450:
446:
439:
438:
433:
428:
419:
417:
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:contubernalis
277:
273:
272:
271:gens Caecilia
268:
259:
250:
248:
244:
240:
239:Sertorian War
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:. His father
193:
182:
173:
169:
166:
165:Roman triumph
163:
159:
156:
155:Sertorian War
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
114:
111:(adopted son)
110:
105:
102:
98:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
67:
63:
59:
57:Occupation(s)
55:
44:
40:
31:
27:
20:
2357:63 BC deaths
2325:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2105:Numa Marcius
2100:
2088:
2037:
2035:
2001:
1994:Roman consul
1992:
1955:
1943:|title=
1925:
1912:
1887:
1867:
1847:
1827:
1806:
1796:
1787:
1775:
1748:
1740:Bibliography
1729:
1720:
1713:Stratagemata
1712:
1696:
1687:
1679:
1670:
1662:
1661:John Leach,
1645:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1434:Gruen, p. 19
1430:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1374:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1347:
1339:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1126:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1091:Brennan 2000
1086:
1070:
1058:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1030:Brennan 2000
1021:
1012:
1001:Brennan 2000
996:
989:Brennan 2000
984:
972:
967:, p. 5.
960:
952:
951:64.4; Plut.
948:
943:
934:
921:
905:
898:
888:
882:
876:
873:
833:
813:
806:
795:
792:Later career
766:
757:
752:
747:
745:by his men.
740:
730:
703:
695:
692:
657:
637:
632:
616:
607:
599:
591:
583:
569:
550:
532:, pacifying
522:Sena Gallica
488:
477:
442:
435:
416:North Africa
405:
389:Gaius Marius
357:
352:
330:
304:
279:
269:
264:
253:Early career
212:
207:
200:Gaius Marius
180:
179:
144:
133:Battles/wars
86:(80 BC)
74:(89 BC)
45:63 BC (aged
2141:S. Minucius
2114:C. Papirius
1539:Frontinus,
1514:Frontinus,
1443:Frontinus,
1075:Lovano 2002
1036:1.53; Auc.
554:praetorship
465:Hiempsal II
408:Alban Hills
206:(nickname)
2346:Categories
1917:Wikisource
1850:. Biddle.
1638:Civil Wars
1602:Plutarch,
1591:Civil Wars
1585:Plutarch,
1566:Civil Wars
1553:Leach 1978
1541:Stratagems
1516:Stratagems
1495:Stratagems
1472:Plutarch,
1445:Stratagems
1373:Plutarch,
914:References
870:In fiction
777:Calagurris
608:Caeciliana
584:Metellinum
469:Mauretania
369:propraetor
311:Social War
188: 128
141:Marsic War
2392:Optimates
2123:Q. Furius
2043:81–63 BC
1956:Adfinitas
1710:Frontinus
1388:Histories
1386:Sallust,
1153:cite book
1145:893910287
1038:Vir. Ill.
836:patrician
773:Segobriga
742:imperator
644:Lacobriga
606:, and at
602:, at the
546:Monetalis
514:Ariminium
480:Via Appia
353:contiones
235:Sertorius
231:proconsul
128:109–72 BC
100:Relatives
90:Proconsul
50: 65
2330:emperors
1786:(1952).
1665:, p. 51.
1640:, 1.110.
1636:Appian,
1621:Plutarch
1593:, 1.110.
1564:Appian,
1543:, 2.3.5.
1518:, 2.1.2.
1416:, p. 85.
840:Cornelia
808:maiestas
769:Bilbilis
707:Hannibal
588:Medellín
580:province
530:Faventia
401:Samnites
363:against
267:plebeian
106:(father)
1491:Epitome
1364:, p.81.
1342:, p.80.
838:family
785:triumph
698:Italica
683:Italica
612:Setúbal
610:, near
596:Cáceres
594:(today
586:(today
503:praetor
473:Liguria
461:Numidia
373:Samnium
341:Venusia
327:praetor
296:agnomen
278:as his
276:Numidia
247:triumph
225:, then
204:agnomen
72:Praetor
2272:103 BC
2263:114 BC
2254:130 BC
2245:132 BC
2236:141 BC
2227:150 BC
2218:180 BC
2209:212 BC
2200:213 BC
2191:221 BC
2182:243 BC
2173:254 BC
2164:304 BC
2155:332 BC
2146:390 BC
2137:420 BC
2128:431 BC
2119:449 BC
2110:509 BC
2101:715 BC
2000:With:
1962:
1894:
1875:
1854:
1835:
1814:
1763:
1706:Florus
1489:Livy,
1143:
1133:
1040:63, 1.
947:Sall.
908:series
737:battle
711:Cannae
619:legate
397:Senate
349:Cicero
337:Apulia
315:legate
243:Pompey
227:consul
161:Awards
84:Consul
65:Office
2317:12 BC
2308:44 BC
2299:63 BC
2290:81 BC
2281:89 BC
1627:, 21.
1051:Brut.
1049:Cic.
1034:BCiv.
733:Sucro
640:Tagus
323:Marsi
1960:ISBN
1947:help
1892:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1812:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1159:link
1141:OCLC
1131:ISBN
1053:305.
955:8.4.
953:Mar.
949:Iug.
906:SPQR
886:and
781:Alps
771:and
725:and
497:and
379:and
300:Rome
208:Pius
42:Died
29:Born
1753:doi
892:by
709:at
598:),
590:),
528:at
434:'s
385:war
2348::
2319::
2310::
2301::
2292::
2283::
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1938::
1936:}}
1932:{{
1911:.
1759:.
1678:,
1654:^
1623:,
1611:^
1239:^
1155:}}
1151:{{
1139:.
903:'
880:,
866:.
826:.
679:.
625:,
614:.
556:.
493:,
418:.
403:.
302:.
249:.
210:.
185:c.
47:c.
33:c.
2332:.
2080:e
2073:t
2066:v
1968:.
1949:)
1945:(
1919:.
1900:.
1881:.
1860:.
1841:.
1820:.
1755::
1161:)
1147:.
183:(
52:)
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