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256:. There has been a "purist" backlash against these; and even today one can find companies that will build "real" (i.e. not electronic) residential organs, customized for individual homes. But by the turn of the 21st century, with a few occasional exceptions, it was the electronic organ and the synthesizer to which professionals and amateurs now turned to for practice and informal use at home.
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were incorporated into residence organs, which had the side-effect of eliminating the profession of residence organist, requiring the operator to do no more than operate the organ stops and expression pedals (which, in its turn, was eliminated within a decade, that too being encoded onto the paper
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Residence organs rose to greater popularity in the 17th century, and by the 18th century much larger ones were being built, in
England, Holland, and France. It was the end of the 19th century and the turn of the 20th that saw the advent of large and complex purpose-built residence organs in the
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is also engineered for compactness. In early designs, the action was very simple and comprised a sprung arrangement where air was compressed in the lower chest of the organ, and depressing a key would open a pallet that would release the air up to the pipe ranks. Later designs, as technology
162:, and a single manual. They are also generally less ornate than other kinds of organs, having plainer façades as the major effort in their construction goes towards miniaturization of the mechanism and achieving a church organ sound with domestic acoustics.
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organ are the most correct, the others being types of organs that can physically be used as residence organs, but that are not restricted to use solely in that context, and can also be used in, say, small churches, theatres, and so forth. A
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private homes of those wealthy enough to afford such things, usually not played by the owners themselves but by professional organists whose services they would hire, for private concerts and the like. A four-manual organ was built in
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organs) can be used in a residential setting, but the notion of a residence organ strictly embodies a permanence of place that is belied by the notion of portability embodied by the portatives and positives. Similarly, a
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The
Bicentennial Tracker: in commemoration of the Bicentennial of the United States of America, 1776–1976, and the twentieth anniversary of the Organ Historical Society, inc., 1956–1976
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Various construction techniques are employed in pursuit of the latter goal. The lengthy pipework of the low registers in a church organ simply doesn't fit into a home, and so devices such as a
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where (at that time) residence organs were often constructed by amateurs and enthusiasts themselves. Several such purpose-built residence organs survive from centuries past, including
154:, being constricted by the relative paucity of space for the mechanisms in a residence as opposed to a church, theatre, or other larger building. They commonly have no
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organs, for practice at home by a professional organist, or as home instruments for amateur organists. Their use can be traced as far back as the 16th century where
34:
powered by air pumped via two hand bellows by the organist's wife. The four levers at the side are probably decorations, but could have been slider controls.
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But things changed in the 20th century with the advent of new technologies. Right at the start of the century the paper-roll playing mechanisms of the
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Such residence organs were the province of professional house organ makers (who continue to exist even today) in the main, with a notable exception of
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in 1891 by the Willis company, for example, and such things were symbols of ostentation and opulence on the parts of their owners.
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progressed, started to encompass more of what could be found in church and other organs and more complex mechanisms, including
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roll itself). Residence organs in the 1930s grew to encompass an even wider range of instruments with the advent of the
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between 1894 and 1932, only 65 survived to the end of the 20th century. (One such was the one at
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organ) is in general a small organ for a room, but not necessarily for a room of someone's home.
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illustrates a very early type, of the many types, of residence organ, in this instance a single
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Robinson, Albert F. (1976). "The
Residence Organ in an Industrial Society, 1860–1930".
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The overlap of definitions parallels an overlap of uses. Residence organs can be used as
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Kassel, Richard (2006). "house organ". In
Douglas Earl Bush and Richard Kassel (ed.).
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587:(reprinted by READ BOOKS, 2007 ed.). New York: J. fischer & Bro. pp.
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Barnes, William
Harrison (1937). "Location and Space Requirements of the Organ".
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Continuum
Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: Performance and production
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owned more than a dozen residence organs, as did many members of his nobility.
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193:(rather than pipes), and eventually electric rather than mechanical actions.
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431:. Vol. 2. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 317–318.
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are employed to achieve the same sound but with more compact mechanisms.
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385:(2006). "chamber organ". In Douglas Earl Bush and Richard Kassel (ed.).
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Kobbé, Gustav (November 1911). "A Novel Phase of
Musical Development".
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The
Contemporary American Organ Its Evolution, Design And Construction
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Owen, Barbara (2003). "residence organ". In John
Shepherd (ed.).
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412:. Encyclopedia of keyboard instruments. Vol. 3. Routledge.
391:. Encyclopedia of keyboard instruments. Vol. 3. Routledge.
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All the Stops: The
Glorious Pipe Organ and Its American Masters
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Whitney, Craig (2004). "Monster Organs, Mammoth Audiences".
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installed in a personal home. Strictly speaking, the names
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In construction, they are generally less elaborate than
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513:"Rich Men Who Have Organs Built in Their Homes".
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488:Orpha Caroline Ochse (1988).
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119:(also known imprecisely as a
519:. 1911-09-17. pp. SM12.
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483:. Organ Historical Society.
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42:(also known variously as a
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409:The organ: an encyclopedia
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613:Donald Knuth's pipe organ
460:. Vestal Press. pp.
248:and (later) the analogue
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212:that is preserved at
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527:The Lotus Magazine
516:The New York Times
383:Fesperman, John T.
206:Parma Conservatory
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598:978-1-4067-6023-1
571:978-1-58648-262-6
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191:reed organs
622:Categories
555:(2). 1922.
272:References
214:Versailles
198:Toggenburg
32:pipe organ
366:Owen 2003
351:Owen 2003
317:Owen 2003
87:residence
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260:See also
173:, and a
158:, a few
141:practice
68:practice
60:continuo
496:330–332
241:pianola
218:Aeolian
121:cabinet
112:cabinet
81:) is a
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182:action
156:pedals
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110:, and
29:manual
536:JSTOR
167:quint
160:stops
127:, or
108:trunk
98:or a
91:house
79:organ
74:, or
72:trunk
56:choir
44:house
593:ISBN
566:ISBN
500:ISBN
466:ISBN
433:ISBN
414:ISBN
393:ISBN
180:The
169:, a
125:desk
89:and
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462:973
252:as
228:.)
224:in
104:box
48:box
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38:A
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