England - Knowledge

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terms of its use of the catholic creeds, its pattern of ministry, its buildings and aspects of its liturgy, but which also embodied Protestant insights in its theology and in the overall shape of its liturgical practice. The way that this is often expressed is by saying that the Church of England is both 'catholic and reformed.'

7365: 6131:. Gardening, and visiting gardens, are regarded as typically English pursuits. The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. At large country houses, the English garden usually included lakes, sweeps of gently rolling lawns set against groves of trees, and recreations of classical temples, 1421:

are consequently subject to considerable disagreement; the emerging consensus is that it occurred on a large scale in the south and east but was less substantial to the north and west, where Celtic languages continued to be spoken even in areas under Anglo-Saxon control. Roman-dominated Christianity

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explains, "The Reformation must not be confused with the changes introduced into the Church of England during the "Reformation Parliament" of 1529–36, which were of a political rather than a religious nature, designed to unite the secular and religious sources of authority within a single sovereign

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is also a significant national media centre. The UK publishing sector, including books, directories and databases, journals, magazines and business media, newspapers and news agencies, has a combined turnover of around £20 billion and employs around 167,000 people. National newspapers produced

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and the withdrawal of Roman army units, to defend the frontiers in continental Europe and partake in civil wars. Celtic Christian monastic and missionary movements flourished. This period of Christianity was influenced by ancient Celtic culture in its sensibilities, polity, practices and theology.

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and Frisians who had long raided the coasts of the Roman province. These groups then began to settle in increasing numbers over the course of the fifth and sixth centuries, initially in the eastern part of the country. Their advance was contained for some decades after the Britons' victory at the

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The religious settlement that eventually emerged in the reign of Elizabeth gave the Church of England the distinctive identity that it has retained to this day. It resulted in a Church that consciously retained a large amount of continuity with the Church of the Patristic and Medieval periods in

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is the most intensive research cluster for science and technology in the world. In 2022, the UK produced 6.3 per cent of the world's scientific research papers and had a 10.5 per cent share of scientific citations, the third highest in the world (after the United States and China). Scientific

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is the oldest in the world: passenger railways originated in England in 1825. Much of Britain's 10,000 miles (16,000 km) of rail network lies in England, covering the country fairly extensively. There is rail transport access to France and Belgium through an undersea rail link, the

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in 1689. Among the statutes set down were that the law could only be made by Parliament and could not be suspended by the King, also that the King could not impose taxes or raise an army without the prior approval of Parliament. Also since that time, no British monarch has entered the

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continues to exist as a jurisdiction within the United Kingdom. Devolution has stimulated a greater emphasis on a more English-specific identity and patriotism. There is no devolved English government, but an attempt to create a similar system on a sub-regional basis was rejected by

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and natural features in England. They were established to protect the most significant areas of habitat and of geological formations. NNRs are managed on behalf of the nation, many by Natural England themselves, but also by non-governmental organisations, including the members of

3300:: it is mild with temperatures not much lower than 0 °C (32 °F) in winter and not much higher than 32 °C (90 °F) in summer. The weather is damp relatively frequently and is changeable. The coldest months are January and February, the latter particularly on the 2194:, and trade within the British Empire – as well as the standing of the British military and navy – was prestigious. Technologically, this era saw many innovations that proved key to the United Kingdom's power and prosperity. Political agitation at home from radicals such as the 8310:, founded in 1922, is the UK's publicly funded radio, television and Internet broadcasting corporation, and is the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world. It operates numerous television and radio stations in the UK and abroad and its domestic services are funded by the 1445:

During the settlement period the lands ruled by the incomers seem to have been fragmented into numerous tribal territories, but by the 7th century, when substantial evidence of the situation again becomes available, these had coalesced into roughly a dozen kingdoms including

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and had settled in Normandy in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. This conquest led to the almost total dispossession of the English elite and its replacement by a new French-speaking aristocracy, whose speech had a profound and permanent effect on the English language.

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By sea there is ferry transport, both local and international, including from Liverpool to Ireland and the Isle of Man, and Hull to the Netherlands and Belgium. There are around 4,400 miles (7,100 km) of navigable waterways in England, half of which is owned by the

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Students attending English universities now have to pay tuition fees towards the cost of their education, as do English students who choose to attend university in Scotland. Scottish students attending Scottish universities have their fees paid by the devolved Scottish

10235: 5630:; basic areas of learning include English literature, English language, mathematics, science, art & design, citizenship, history, geography, religious education, design & technology, computing, ancient & modern languages, music, and physical education. 13626: 3992:

Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanised and efficient by European standards, producing 60% of food needs with only 2% of the labour force. Two-thirds of production is devoted to livestock, the remainder to arable crops. The main crops that are grown are

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of which has a population of 14.2 million as of 2021, representing the United Kingdom's largest metropolitan area. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around London, the

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and cultural conditions of England, resulting in industrialised agriculture, manufacture, engineering and mining, as well as new and pioneering road, rail and water networks to facilitate their expansion and development. The opening of Northwest England's

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scheme in the world, is a permanent sign installed in a public place in England to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person or event. In 2011 there were around 1,600 museums in England. Entry to most museums and galleries is free.

13093: 14588: 4842:. The south of England has a higher life expectancy than the north, but regional differences seem to be slowly narrowing: between 1991–1993 and 2012–2014, life expectancy in the North East increased by 6.0 years and in the North West by 5.8 years. 7392: 9681: 9303:

explains; "Over the centuries the figure of Arthur became a symbol of British history – a way of explaining the matter of Britain, the relationship between the Saxons and the Celts, and a way of exorcising ghosts and healing the wounds of the

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is the government department responsible for issues affecting people in England up to the age of 19, including education. State-funded schools are attended by approximately 93% of English schoolchildren. Education is the responsibility of the

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With over 56 million inhabitants, England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom, accounting for 84% of the combined total. England taken as a unit and measured against international states would be the 26th largest

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in English history that represented the apogee of the English Renaissance and saw the flowering of great art, drama, poetry, music and literature. England during this period had a centralised, well-organised, and effective government.

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and the largest in Europe, is England's financial centre, with 100 of Europe's 500 largest corporations being based there. London is the largest financial centre in Europe and as of 2014 is the second largest in the world.

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This royal throne of kings, this sceptred isle, this earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, this other Eden, demi-paradise; this fortress, built by nature for herself. This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England.

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sailed from Spain in 1588 as part of a wider plan to invade England and re-establish a Catholic monarchy. The plan was thwarted by bad coordination, stormy weather and successful harrying attacks by an English fleet under

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reception unit within a primary school. Children between the ages of 5 and 11 attend primary school, and secondary school is attended by those aged between 11 and 16. State-funded schools are obliged by law to teach the

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currently ranks the overall knowledge and skills of British 15-year-olds as 13th in the world in literacy, mathematics, and science with the average British student scoring 503.7, well above the OECD average of 493.

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by the British monarch when the doors of the House of Commons are slammed in the face of the monarch's messenger, symbolising the rights of Parliament and its independence from the monarch. With the founding of the

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control to a series of separate enclaves in the more rugged country to the west by the end of the 6th century. Contemporary texts describing this period are extremely scarce, giving rise to its description as a

13421: 2525:, the court system and prisons and probation in England. Crime increased between 1981 and 1995 but fell by 42% in the period 1995–2006. The prison population doubled over the same period, giving it one of the 13100: 12165: 10828: 7356: 4704:

was passed in Parliament with an overwhelming majority across political parties. It sets out emission reduction targets that the UK must comply with legally. It represents the first global legally binding

1299:. The author of one study of Roman Britain suggested that from 43 AD to 84 AD, the Roman invaders killed somewhere between 100,000 and 250,000 people from a population of perhaps 2,000,000. This era saw a 7390: 8827:. England has seen the manufacture some of the most technically advanced racing cars, and many of today's racing companies choose England as their base of operations. England also has a rich heritage in 7337: 9882: 17400: 14456: 5183:, today widely spoken around the world, originated in what is now England, where it remains the principal tongue. According to a 2011 census, it is spoken well or very well by 98% of the population 1857:

of the Holy Bible was published in 1611. It was the standard version of the Bible read by most Protestant Christians for four hundred years until modern revisions were produced in the 20th century.

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holds more than seven million objects, one of the largest and most comprehensive collections in the world, illustrating and documenting global human culture from its beginnings to the present. The

6711:. During the Early Middle Ages the style favoured sculpted crosses and ivories, manuscript painting, gold and enamel jewellery, demonstrating a love of intricate, interwoven designs such as in the 11722: 1363:

Local "congregations" were centred in the monastic community and monastic leaders were more like chieftains, as peers, rather than in the more hierarchical system of the Roman-dominated church.

22304: 20770: 1121:, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago. Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the 22088: 16601: 2005:

England expanded in trade, finance and prosperity. The Royal Navy developed Europe's largest merchant fleet. After the parliaments of England and Scotland agreed, the two countries joined in

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Population of England and Wales by administrative areas. Their size shows their population, with some approximation. Each group of squares in the map key is 20% of total number of districts.

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arrived around 2,500 BC, introducing drinking and food vessels constructed from clay, as well as vessels used as reduction pots to smelt copper ores. It was during this time that major

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examinations are sat by a large number of further education students, and often form the basis of an application to university. Further education covers a wide curriculum of study and

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payments; it provides most of its services free at the point of use, although there are charges for some people for eye tests, dental care, prescriptions and aspects of personal care.

2908:. In 1974, all ceremonial counties were two-tier; and with the metropolitan county tier phased out, the 1996 reform separated the ceremonial county and the administrative county tier. 776:

tribe who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the

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in 180 AD, to settle differences as to Eastern and Western ceremonials, which were disturbing the church. There are traditions linked to Glastonbury claiming an introduction through

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English folklore developed over many centuries. Some of the characters and stories are present across England, but most belong to specific regions. Common folkloric beings include

967:. The term was then used to mean "the land inhabited by the English", and it included English people in what is now south-east Scotland but was then part of the English kingdom of 8721: 7568:

spent most of his composing life in London and became a national icon in Britain, creating some of the most well-known works of classical music, especially his English oratorios,

3383: 15714: 3390:. There are 221 NNRs in England covering 110,000 hectares (1,100 square kilometres). Often they contain rare species or nationally important populations of plants and animals. . 12368: 10565: 392: 5016: 4632: 15750: 14367: 14130: 3126:), which can reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height. However, the longest river entirely in England is the Thames, which is 215 miles (346 km) in length. There are many 3927:

London has also been named as the fastest growing technology hub in Europe, with England having over 100 unique tech companies with a value of $ 1 billion or more. The

14694: 21777: 4445:, which runs through eastern England from London to Newcastle (much of this section is motorway) and onward to the Scottish border. The longest motorway in England is the 397: 15007: 7355: 4335: 3447:

the climate becomes colder and most of England's mountains and high hills are located here and have a major impact on the climate and thus the local fauna of the areas.

3304:, while July is normally the warmest month. Months with mild to warm weather are May, June, September and October. Rainfall is spread fairly evenly throughout the year. 3161:

Most of England's landscape consists of low hills and plains, with upland and mountainous terrain in the north and west of the country. The northern uplands include the

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England is highly industrialised, but since the 1970s there has been a decline in traditional heavy and manufacturing industries, and an increasing emphasis on a more

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receive more rain than anywhere else in the country. Since weather records began, the highest temperature recorded was 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) on 19 July 2022 at

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of 1688, it was constitutionally established that King and Parliament should rule together, though Parliament would have the real power. This was established with the

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with increasing urbanisation. The cuisine of England has, however, recently undergone a revival, which has been recognised by food critics with some good ratings in

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woodlands are common across all of England and provide a great habitat for much of England's wildlife, but these give way in northern and upland areas of England to

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In the 2011 census, 59.4% of the population of England specified their religion as Christian, 24.7% answered that they had no religion, 5% specified that they were

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and has a population larger than any other country in the United Kingdom besides England itself. Other urban areas of considerable size and influence tend to be in

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there were around 20 tribes in the area. Like other regions on the edge of the Empire, Britain had long enjoyed trading links with the Romans. Julius Caesar of the

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England has had a considerable influence on the history of the cinema, producing some of the greatest actors, directors and motion pictures of all time, including

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is responsible for green finance, climate science and innovation, and low carbon generation. In 2022, the United Kingdom was ranked 2 out of 180 countries in the

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oriented economy. Tourism has become a significant industry, attracting millions of visitors to England each year. The export part of the economy is dominated by

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in London has produced some of the most critically acclaimed special effects in modern film. Many successful Hollywood films have been based on English people,

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in the 1st century, various forms of art such as statues, busts, glasswork and mosaics were the norm. There are numerous surviving artefacts, such as those at

4409: 1944:. With the reopening of theatres, fine arts, literature and performing arts flourished throughout the Restoration of the "Merry Monarch" Charles II. After the 9889: 9428: 7618:, were said to have freed themselves from foreign musical influences. There was a revival in the profile of composers from England in the 20th century led by 5278:, while 3.7% of the population belongs to other religions and 7.2% did not give an answer. Christianity is the most widely practised religion in England. The 22074: 17370: 16147: 5984:

and architecture characterised by pilaster-strips, blank arcading, baluster shafts and triangular headed openings. After the Norman conquest in 1066 various

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These tales may have come to prominence, at least in part, as an attempt by the Norman ruling elite to legitimise their rule of the British Isles, finding

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is used. The etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars; it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an

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forests (mainly plantations) which also benefit certain forms of wildlife. Some species have adapted to the expanded urban environment, particularly the

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is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and widely considered the most prestigious. Wimbledon has a major place in the English cultural calendar.

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the food of England has historically been characterised by its simplicity of approach and a reliance on the high quality of natural produce. During the

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is one of London's main domestic and international transport hubs providing both commuter rail and high-speed rail services across the UK and to Paris,

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It was made under the personal supervision of Walt Disney, and he took special care when animating British fantasy. He called them his "English Cycle".

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from 1190 onwards so that English ships could fly the flag as a means of protection when entering the Mediterranean. A red cross was a symbol for many

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and it provides one of the most prominent symbols of England. England does not have an official national anthem, as the United Kingdom as a whole has

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Power shifts in east-central Europe led to World War I; hundreds of thousands of English soldiers died fighting for the United Kingdom as part of the

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Gascoin, J. "A reappraisal of the role of the universities in the Scientific Revolution", in Lindberg, David C. and Westman, Robert S., eds (1990),

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forms have appeared whose reception is often controversial, though traditionalist resistance movements continue with support in influential places.

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A dispute over the succession to Edward led to an unsuccessful Norwegian Invasion in September 1066 close to York in the North, and the successful

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is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the

1790:. The Roanoke colony failed and is known as the lost colony after it was found abandoned on the return of the late-arriving supply ship. With the 21109: 20537: 17032: 11122: 9685: 9344: 7699:

are among the highest-selling recording artists in the world. Many musical genres have origins in (or strong associations with) England, such as

7383: 4693:, and wind power production is its fastest growing supply. Wind power contributed 26.8% of UK electricity generation in 2022. England is home to 17139: 17050: 17002: 16945: 14658: 12096: 5922:. It was the Romans who founded the first cities and towns such as London, Bath, York, Chester and St Albans. Perhaps the best-known example is 22517: 21405: 21216: 20732: 15208: 12399: 11024: 5737: 5646: 5201:

for England, but English is the only language used for official business. Despite the country's relatively small size, there are many distinct

10115: 21181: 20827: 20605: 15186: 13923: 7775: 5689: 4819:. Most of the department's expenses are on the NHS – £98.6 billion was spent in 2008–2009. Regulatory bodies such as the 4792:

responsible for providing the majority of healthcare in the country. The NHS began on 5 July 1948, putting into effect the provisions of the

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confirmed the naval supremacy Britain had established during the course of the eighteenth century. The Napoleonic Wars fostered a concept of

15893: 10091: 8856:; founding and winning some of the world's most famous international competitive tournaments across the various race formats, including the 2406:, there are 543 members of parliament (MPs) for constituencies in England, out of the 650 total. England is represented by 347 MPs from the 1478:

culminated in the conquest of the north and east of England, overthrowing the kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia and East Anglia. Wessex under

1024:, came to be used for the entire country is not known, but it seems this is related to the custom of calling the Germanic people in Britain 22629: 22283: 22254: 22041: 21512: 21291: 20895: 17717: 16924: 16648: 16532: 15657: 14875: 11088: 9760: 9227:

People who strictly identified as "Wiccan". Other Pagan paths, such as Druidism, and general "Pagan" have not been included in this number.

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Some folk figures are based on semi or actual historical people whose story has been passed down centuries. On 5 November people celebrate

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was a hypothetical development in the late 19th and early 20th century, when English composers, often those lecturing or trained at the

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There is debate about when Christianity was first introduced; it was no later than the 4th century, probably much earlier. According to

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Geographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, plus such offshore islands as the

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England is also divided into local government districts. The district can align to a ceremonial county, or be a district tier within a

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from the ages of seven, most commonly French, Spanish or German. It was reported in 2007 that around 800,000 school students spoke a

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are two upland areas in the south-west of the country. The approximate dividing line between terrain types is often indicated by the

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was left as the only surviving English kingdom, and under his successors, it steadily expanded at the expense of the kingdoms of the

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The Pennines, known as the "backbone of England", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the

23352: 22522: 21452: 21311: 21263: 19710: 17426: 15754: 14371: 13713: 12919: 12147: 8687: 8195: 7663:, many English bands and solo artists have been cited as the most influential and best-selling musicians of all time. Acts such as 6355: 5202: 2967: 2511: 2152: 17263: 14685: 12747: 10944: 8014:

in London has a claim to being the oldest continuously working film studio in the world. Famous for recording many motion picture

5325:, which has around 26 million baptised members (of whom the vast majority are not regular churchgoers). It forms part of the 2479:. The general essence of English law is that it is made by judges sitting in courts, applying their common sense and knowledge of 2111:, many workers moved from England's countryside to new and expanding urban industrial areas to work in factories, for instance at 1845:, a kingdom which had been a long-time rival to English interests, inherited the throne of England as James I, thereby creating a 1395:

withdrawals left Britain open to invasion by pagan, seafaring warriors from north-western continental Europe, chiefly the Saxons,

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families, and in 2011 that figure was 26.5%. About half of the population increase between 1991 and 2001 was due to immigration.

4438: 4158:, England was home to many significant inventors during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Famous English engineers include 2526: 1746:

were more political than theological. He also legally incorporated his ancestral land Wales into the Kingdom of England with the

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from 597. Disputes between the Roman- and Celtic-dominated forms of Christianity ended in victory for the Roman tradition at the

1427: 674: 17619: 17441:"Origins of Rugby – Codification 'The innovation of running with the ball was introduced some time between 1820 and 1830.'" 15011: 14479: 13781: 11813: 9258:

since the 1980s has voiced strong views against it in favour of traditional architecture and put his ideas into practice at his

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built on this. Under the Stuarts, Continental artists were influential especially the Flemish, examples from the period include

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People who strictly identified as "Pagan". Other Pagan paths, such as Wicca or Druidism, have not been included in this number.

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is generally thought to have been developed in the early medieval period among the farming and metalworking communities of the

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is said to have "saved more lives ... than were lost in all the wars of mankind since the beginning of recorded history."

4189:, which opened in 1830. With his role in the marketing and manufacturing of the steam engine, and invention of modern coinage, 2395: 1954: 1808: 125: 17826: 11361: 4717:, while meeting energy demand. Shifting availabilities of resources and development of technologies also change the country's 1758:. The former took the country back to Catholicism while the latter broke from it again, forcefully asserting the supremacy of 22649: 21487: 21060: 20133: 19626: 19604: 19578: 19555: 19533: 19514: 19495: 19457: 19419: 19396: 19374: 19355: 19333: 19314: 19295: 19276: 19254: 19233: 19209: 19190: 19157: 19138: 19112: 19093: 19072: 19050: 19026: 19000: 18977: 18958: 18939: 18920: 18901: 18882: 18863: 18844: 18825: 18806: 18783: 18762: 18739: 18707: 18686: 18667: 18648: 18629: 18610: 18591: 18572: 18550: 18531: 18512: 18489: 18467: 18448: 18429: 18407: 18385: 18366: 18347: 18328: 18304: 18285: 18262: 18239: 18215: 18196: 18174: 18155: 18115: 18093: 18071: 18049: 18030: 18011: 17992: 17973: 17954: 17784: 16383: 16298: 12508: 12018: 11331: 11180: 10838: 10690: 10595: 10143: 9999: 9517: 8991:

after his father's execution, when he hid in an oak to avoid detection by the parliamentarians before safely reaching exile.

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London dominates the media sector in England: national newspapers and television and radio are largely based there, although

8241:, holding over 150 million items in almost all known languages and formats, including around 25 million books. The 7961: 4812: 1312: 17747: 17668: 9483: 8785:, England has produced many world champions across the weight divisions internationally recognised by the governing bodies. 8660:

is the governing body responsible for distributing funds and providing strategic guidance for sporting activity in England.

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is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2010 its MBA programme was ranked best in the world by the

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Out of the 51,005,610 residents of England over the age of three, 50,161,765 (98%) can speak English "well" or "very well"

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in 953. A fresh wave of Scandinavian attacks from the late 10th century ended with the conquest of this united kingdom by

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were constructed. By heating together tin and copper, which were in abundance in the area, the Beaker culture people made

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in England are usually split into classes: first class, upper second class, lower second class, third, and unclassified.

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basis where there are 4.5 million members (most of whom are English). There has been one Pope from England to date,

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began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England is home to

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of the seventeenth century, the landscape garden was described as a "living work of art" when first opened in the 1750s.

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is the epoch in the Tudor age of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I ("the Virgin Queen"). Historians often depict it as the

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flourished, providing philosophers, and the universities of Oxford and Cambridge were founded with royal patronage. The

23411: 22717: 22644: 21502: 21482: 21425: 21390: 21038: 21006: 20970: 20351: 14716: 12858:

Ronald Shillingford (2010). "The History of the World's Greatest- Entrepreneurs: Biographies of Success". p. 64–69

10535: 10465: 9209:

itself was never part of the British Empire, but today there are around 420,000 people of English origins living there.

8699: 8683: 6040: 5465:; his symbolic cross is included in the flag of England. There are many other English and associated saints, including 5269: 4966: 3037: 2379:

governments. There has been debate about how to counterbalance this in England. Originally it was planned that various

1603:, an English legal charter used to limit the sovereign's powers by law and protect the privileges of freemen. Catholic 1068:

is also applied to England in a more poetic capacity, though its original meaning is the island of Britain as a whole.

198: 17879: 16597: 16132: 10815:

Changing scenes and flying machines: re-examination of spectacle and the spectacular in Restoration theatre, 1660–1714

6089:

was launched. In addition to this, around the same time the Industrial Revolution paved the way for buildings such as

3169:, straddling the border between England and Scotland. The highest point in England, at 978 metres (3,209 ft), is 2514:. A decision of the Supreme Court is binding on every other court in the hierarchy, which must follow its directions. 21497: 21395: 21050: 21043: 20910: 20875: 20860: 20760: 20368: 20087: 19829: 19167: 16801: 16155: 15155: 14537: 13054: 12785: 12063: 8326:. It is the world's largest of any kind. It broadcasts radio news, speech and discussions in more than 40 languages. 6746:

as part of their court; portrait painting, which would remain an enduring part of English art, was boosted by German

5670: 5556: 5411: 5368: 4785: 3585: 3506: 2928: 2522: 2242: 1418: 16735: 14784: 12533: 10236:"Large-scale population movements into and from Britain south of Hadrian's Wall in the fourth to sixth centuries AD" 10194: 9654: 8530: 6732: 4697:, the largest offshore wind farm in the world, situated in waters roughly 89 kilometres off the coast of Yorkshire. 22376: 21582: 21134: 21092: 21016: 21011: 20915: 20793: 20500: 20444: 17378: 15686: 15076: 5806: 5674: 5615: 5517:

have a history of a small minority on the island since 1070. They were expelled from England in 1290 following the

4994: 4950: 4793: 4690: 4678: 4431: 4186: 3663: 2423: 2368: 2329: 1982: 1747: 1252: 1248: 384: 358: 253: 17554: 12715: 10983: 10053: 5208:

Cornish died out as a community language in the 18th century but is being revived, and is now protected under the

3405:

is the minister responsible for environmental protection, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England.

2256:

Since the 20th century, there has been significant population movement to England, mostly from other parts of the

2229:, and there was a speeding-up of technological innovations; automobiles became the primary means of transport and 1100: 22106: 21645: 21462: 21400: 21326: 21021: 20870: 20817: 20780: 20745: 20719: 20620: 19969: 19753: 13599: 13569: 12479: 11204: 10891: 8588: 8542: 8129: 8067:

the five most commercially successful English directors since 2001. Other contemporary English directors include

8039: 7994:. Some of the most commercially successful films of all time have been produced in England, including two of the 6154:

and gardens which appeared around the world in the 19th century. The English landscape garden was centred on the

5755: 5627: 5028: 4839: 4737: 4565: 4550: 4128: 3301: 2530: 2372: 2081: 2013:

in 1707. To accommodate the union, institutions such as the law and national churches of each remained separate.

698: 106: 16713: 14318: 9945: 8295: 1973:

gutted the city of London, but it was rebuilt shortly afterward with many significant buildings designed by Sir

1145:

began to recede, humans repopulated the area; genetic research suggests they came from the northern part of the

23082: 23077: 23060: 22950: 22219: 22066: 21592: 21380: 21306: 21201: 21154: 21070: 20990: 20950: 20740: 20523: 20334: 19819: 19010: 15392: 15130: 15080: 14871: 14292: 14243: 13844: 13777: 13519: 13004: 12445: 12406: 12346: 11556: 10762: 9606: 9405: 9142: 8824: 8534: 8164: 8043:(1979), a film regularly voted the funniest of all time by the UK public. English producers are also active in 6665: 5758:

include some of the highest-ranked universities in the world. As of 2024, four England-based universities, the

5251: 5243: 4762: 3903:. England is a leader in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors and in key technical industries, particularly 3240: 2979: 2932: 2871: 2848: 2518: 2285: 371: 277: 68: 17482: 17153: 14287: 14239: 11883: 8922: 4627:

in South London. England also has extensive domestic and international aviation links. The largest airport is

1157:. As the seas rose, it was separated from Ireland 10,000 years ago and from Eurasia two millennia later. 1020:

shape. How and why a term derived from the name of a tribe that was less significant than others, such as the

22722: 22034: 21801: 21607: 21537: 21507: 21477: 21442: 21344: 21316: 21234: 21142: 21026: 20805: 20555: 19783: 17071: 14766: 13815: 12897: 9105: 9058: 8782: 7588: 7534: 7522: 7503: 7497: 6802: 5740:

is the government department responsible for higher education in England. Students are generally entitled to

5435: 5334: 4824: 4816: 3900: 3545: 3349: 2579: 15870: 15835: 15420: 15102: 14430: 13955: 13195: 12637: 11931: 2874:. These are used primarily as a geographical frame of reference. Of these, 38 developed gradually since the 22680: 22189: 21920: 21844: 21816: 21762: 21565: 21555: 21492: 21447: 21420: 21273: 21258: 20955: 20930: 20865: 20755: 20375: 20289: 19778: 19703: 16833: 16354: 14951: 11457: 9989: 8828: 8747: 8515: 8044: 7882: 7854: 7610:, which was the longest running classical music festival of its kind until the final concerts in 1912. The 7347: 6998: 6414: 5822: 5780:. The University of Cambridge, founded in 1209, and the University of Oxford, founded in 1096, are the two 5776: 5622: 4664: 4470: 4285: 3989:

accounted for 7 per cent GVA in 2005 and grew at an average of 6 per cent per annum between 1997 and 2005.

3643: 3578: 3489:

is by far the largest urban area in England and one of the busiest cities in the world. It is considered a

3486: 1359: 669: 659: 17241: 17215: 14610: 12664:"From the Margins to the Mainstream – Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries" 10394: 9336: 7432:. It has its own distinct variations and regional peculiarities. Ballads featuring Robin Hood, printed by 3544:, population size is not a prerequisite for city status. Traditionally the status was given to towns with 3063:

England is closer than any other part of mainland Britain to the European continent. It is separated from

2119:, with the latter the world's first industrial city. England maintained relative stability throughout the 22732: 22659: 22344: 22213: 21811: 21789: 21757: 21752: 21734: 21675: 21597: 21587: 21522: 21385: 21349: 21147: 20925: 20564: 20434: 20389: 20250: 19768: 19763: 19743: 17281: 16224:

Matthew Collin, John Godfrey (2010). "Altered State: The Story of Ecstasy Culture and Acid House" p. 258.

15623: 14632: 14352: 13688: 13652: 11646: 9267: 8873: 8290: 8135: 7787: 7611: 7311: 6359: 6190: 6173: 6008: 5813:

are the oldest schools in the English-speaking world. Many of England's most well-known schools, such as

5810: 5791:

has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The

5364: 5053: 5032: 3866: 3243:

are in the central and southern regions of the country, consisting of green rolling hills, including the

2998: 2864: 2468: 2277: 2250: 2246: 1958: 1355: 1083: 160: 17580: 15293: 6400:

and the Renaissance, English cuisine enjoyed an excellent reputation, though a decline began during the

6135:

ruins, bridges, and other picturesque architecture, designed to recreate an idyllic pastoral landscape.

4013:. England retains a significant fishing industry. Its fleets bring home a variety of fish, ranging from 3950: 2268:. Since the 1970s there has been a large move away from manufacturing and an increasing emphasis on the 1028:

or English Saxons to distinguish them from continental Saxons (Eald-Seaxe) of Old Saxony in Germany. In

23045: 23015: 22759: 22654: 22634: 22371: 21871: 21772: 21612: 20429: 20397: 20260: 20200: 20082: 20077: 17650: 16399: 14990: 12667: 10860: 9576: 9332: 9050: 8519: 8319: 8154: 8047:

and English actors, directors and crew feature regularly in American films. The UK film council ranked

8000: 7507: 7485: 6962: 6806: 6743: 6597:

Common non-alcoholic drinks include tea and coffee; frequently consumed alcoholic drinks include wine,

6292: 6143: 5879: 5788: 5576: 5194: 4942: 4620: 4492: 2951: 2943: 1901: 1372: 1316: 746: 710: 633: 609: 182: 18417: 18395: 17046: 16683: 14662: 11856: 10792: 10680: 247: 23416: 23406: 23053: 22512: 22007: 21767: 21572: 21545: 21055: 20935: 20240: 20092: 17135: 17010: 16949: 15529: 12100: 11334:(1 January 1998). "Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom". 10031: 9795: 9628: 9370: 9247: 9194: 9045: 8943:

There are numerous other symbols and symbolic artefacts, both official and unofficial, including the

8570: 8554: 8523: 8253:

galleries house the national collections of British and international modern art; they also host the

8034: 8019: 7900: 7862: 7463: 6919: 6306: 5771: 4706: 4430:

is the government body responsible for overseeing transport in England. The department is run by the

3703: 3683: 3480: 3221: 2939: 2147:; however, this failed to manifest and the Napoleonic forces were defeated by the British: at sea by 1272: 1228: 17517: 16899: 15216: 12151: 11028: 9856: 4949:, it has received many economic migrants from the other parts of the United Kingdom. There has been 3401:

with responsibilities relating to the protection and enhancement of the environment in England. The

1408:, but subsequently resumed, overrunning the fertile lowlands of Britain and reducing the area under 23157: 22792: 22664: 22288: 21905: 21435: 21075: 20822: 20329: 20235: 20205: 20150: 20102: 16550: 11851: 11440: 10787: 10345: 9300: 8619: 8006: 7762: 6747: 6704: 5959: 5610: 5330: 4897: 4741: 4714: 4427: 4136: 2745: 2360: 2356: 2128: 2010: 1994: 1663: 1392: 883: 797: 20: 16678: 13930: 8576: 5728:

Higher education students normally attend university from age 18 onwards, where they study for an

4576:

was Europe's largest construction project with a £15 billion projected cost, opened in 2022.

4350:. Founded on 28 November 1660, It is the oldest national scientific institution in the world. The 3943:, although not in other parts of the UK. The government has devolved responsibility to the bank's 1125:

period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years. After the

22319: 22050: 21963: 21784: 21719: 21430: 21087: 20341: 20215: 19814: 19696: 19543: 19018: 16626: 12238: 11054: 10099: 9040: 8816: 8770: 8545:

in the first-ever international football match in 1872. Referred to as the "home of football" by

8116: 8023: 7138: 7069: 6913: 6670: 6363: 6169: 6139: 5967: 5875: 5767: 5759: 5666: 4890: 4851: 4820: 4701: 4569: 4442: 4370: 4159: 3888: 2947: 2860: 2856: 2546: 2537:, manages most prisons, housing 81,309 prisoners in England and Wales as of September 2022. 2460: 2445: 2411: 2336: 2261: 1917: 1853:, although this had no basis in English law. Under the auspices of James VI and I the Authorised 1615:

was given to the English monarchy by the Pope. During the 14th century, the Plantagenets and the

1525: 1431: 840: 481: 354: 17725: 16656: 15661: 15038: 14879: 14510: 12561:"Unicorn nest: UK hits milestone of 100 $ 1bn tech companies, more than rest of Europe combined" 11905: 11092: 9768: 8626:, England became the first country to win the World Cups in football, rugby union, and cricket. 8277:

is one of the world's most visited cities, regularly taking the top five most visited cities in

6854:

was an English author, poet and philosopher, best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative

6330:. There are various national and regional folk activities, participated in to this day, such as 23401: 23312: 22337: 22224: 21900: 20965: 20358: 20270: 20140: 20005: 20000: 18081: 16858: 16429: 16191: 15809: 9967: 9186: 9035: 8753: 8691: 8623: 8615: 8056: 7858: 7850: 7838: 7635: 7615: 7565: 7469: 7083: 7029: 6873: 6814: 6094: 6063:

a form of architecture echoing classical antiquity synthesised with Christianity appeared, the

5792: 4640: 4561: 4308: 4170:, and numerous important bridges, revolutionising public transport and modern-day engineering. 3236:, Dartmoor and Exmoor of the Southwest Peninsula include upland moorland supported by granite. 2863:, controlled through a variety of types of administrative entities created for the purposes of 2839: 2415: 2241:. Residential patterns were altered in England by private motoring, and by the creation of the 2218: 2048: 1913: 1799: 1667: 1632: 1533: 1475: 1459: 1386: 552: 19468: 16022: 14265: 13874: 12420: 9911: 5356: 5246:, figures now show that Polish is the main language spoken in England after English. In 2022, 3408: 1730:

broke from communion with the Catholic Church, over issues relating to his divorce, under the

426: 22940: 22785: 22481: 22315: 22197: 22152: 22055: 21895: 21851: 21714: 21300: 20407: 20402: 20346: 20155: 19384: 18103: 17026: 15483: 14188: 14002: 13749: 12689: 12615: 11419: 9544: 9092: 9010: 8999: 8988: 8952: 8911: 8729: 8629: 8424: 8361:

Magazines and journals published in England that have achieved worldwide circulation include

8183: 7971: 7811: 7413: 7305: 7169: 7061: 6884: 6830: 6579: 6406: 6401: 6272: 6257: 6236:. While many legends and folk-customs are thought to be ancient, such as the tales featuring 6155: 6074: 5971: 5447: 5400: 5380: 5291: 5247: 4828: 4757: 4458: 4324: 4269: 4175: 4163: 4155: 4151: 3916: 3823: 3783: 3570: 3165:, a chain of uplands dividing east and west, the Lake District mountains in Cumbria, and the 3053: 2495: 2403: 2364: 2344: 2325: 2249:

to all permanent residents free at the point of need. Combined, these prompted the reform of

2210: 2108: 2064: 2044: 1937: 1869: 1850: 1767: 1624: 1608: 1592: 1548: 1537: 1332: 981:

of 1086 covered the whole of England, meaning the English kingdom, but a few years later the

973: 828: 17333:"England 2-1 Germany (aet): Kelly gives Lionesses Wembley final triumph | UEFA Women's EURO" 15039:"The Social Effects of Travel to Learn Patterns – A Case Study of 16–19 Year Olds in London" 13982: 13383: 12589: 12041: 11671: 11066: 10270:"Celtic whispers: revisiting the problems of the relation between Brittonic and Old English" 10269: 9292: 8841:

is a widely popular sport in England; a professional competitive sport, it is a traditional

6267:

tales originating from Brythonic traditions entered English folklore and developed into the

5337:

and parish churches are historic buildings of significant architectural importance, such as

3141: 22559: 22401: 21915: 21856: 21821: 21709: 21682: 21193: 20363: 20317: 20220: 20145: 20072: 20055: 20031: 17695: 17440: 15179:"The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2007 – Profile for London School of Economics" 14426: 14397: 12811: 11172:

The persistence of Victorian liberalism:The Politics of Social Reform in Britain, 1870–1900

8919: 8671: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8607: 8439: 8088: 7779: 7582: 7197: 7154: 7106: 6971: 6928: 6856: 6818: 6636: 6559: 6539: 6496: 6300: 6202: 6016: 5763: 5749: 5638: 5604: 5572: 5486: 5482: 5396: 4990: 4978: 4608: 4544: 4421: 3803: 3723: 3420: 3057: 3010: 2920: 2898: 2564: 2340: 2320: 2183: 1970: 1889: 1842: 1659: 1654:. Eventually it led to the Yorkists losing the throne entirely to a Welsh noble family the 1584: 1564: 1515: 1423: 1409: 1115:

The earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of

836: 816: 625: 454: 210: 16249: 11347: 9968:"Function and significance of Bell Beaker pottery according to data from residue analyses" 8249:

houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The

7976: 6111: 1521: 41: 8: 23025: 22945: 22802: 22749: 22737: 22438: 21992: 21910: 21888: 21883: 21866: 21861: 21839: 21729: 21687: 20324: 20277: 20116: 20067: 19895: 19890: 19799: 19036: 17318: 16470: 16018: 13344: 12755: 11609: 10870: 10728: 8820: 8766: 8622:

situated in London is sometimes referred to as the "Mecca of Cricket". After winning the

8584: 8550: 8381: 8348: 8187: 8159: 7807: 7649: 7097: 7005: 6975: 6967: 6783: 6720: 6712: 6393: 6132: 6028: 5848: 5693: 5564: 5350: 5318: 5295: 5263: 5133: 4886: 4674: 4616: 4612: 4596: 4592: 4450: 4347: 4305: 4273: 3986: 3878: 3772: 3553: 3533: 3424: 3379: 3332: 3095: 2560: 2315: 2265: 2156: 2135:

is noted for its elegance and achievements in the fine arts and architecture. During the

2092: 2087: 2043:

Under the newly formed Kingdom of Great Britain, output from the Royal Society and other

1990: 1986: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1905: 1865: 1846: 1828: 1743: 1636: 1612: 1588: 1572: 1529: 1351: 1126: 1095: 916: 843:, founded in 1209. Both universities are ranked among the most prestigious in the world. 793: 639: 615: 348: 289: 283: 265: 19171: 18697: 17114: 16315: 14211:"Cornish people formally declared a national minority along with Scots, Welsh and Irish" 12923: 12815: 8438:

many sports that are now played around the world. Sports originating in England include

7887: 7133:

with his satirical verse became well regarded. The English played a significant role in

6530:

is a well-known stew originating in the northwest. Some of the more popular cheeses are

5532:

is the most common of these, now accounting for around 5% of the population in England.

4488: 3196:

around 300 million years ago. Their geological composition includes, among others,

2490:

The court system is headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the

1997:

to defeat James and become the king. Some English people, especially in the north, were

23182: 22835: 22797: 22780: 22727: 22701: 22527: 22473: 22144: 21987: 21943: 21724: 21702: 21697: 21665: 21577: 20750: 20470: 20312: 20169: 20128: 20097: 20036: 19915: 19847: 19748: 19728: 19593: 19567: 19430: 19408: 19244: 19127: 18989: 18751: 18501: 18229: 17462:"Rugby League World Cup 2013 will provide the sport with a true test of its popularity" 17267: 16758: 15058: 13921: 13177: 12829: 12191: 10948: 10327: 9100: 8968: 8903: 8805: 8653: 8435: 8238: 8124: 7991: 7814:, it is the second-largest street festival in the UK, attracting over 80,000 visitors. 7692: 7606:

Classical music attracted much attention in the 18th century with the formation of the

7442: 7162: 6842: 6829:, regarded as the voice of British sculpture, and of British modernism in general. The 6090: 6048: 5985: 5927: 5842: 5814: 5669:, which are funded by private sources. Standards in state schools are monitored by the 5518: 5506: 5455: 5326: 5279: 4974: 4946: 4805: 4588: 4454: 4092: 3857:

England's economy is one of the largest and most dynamic in the world, with an average

3852: 3468: 3440: 3394: 3288: 2966:

From 1994 until the early 2010s England was divided for a few purposes into regions; a

2806: 2556: 2552: 2440: 2384: 2380: 2348: 2203: 1909: 1854: 1816: 1812: 1791: 1651: 1596: 1580: 1507: 1308: 1077: 948: 900: 896: 888: 824: 789: 781: 738: 439: 413: 271: 18251: 17401:"England 1st country to win Cricket World Cup, Football World Cup and Rugby World Cup" 16483: 13604: 11530: 11508: 10654: 5657:

Although most English secondary schools are comprehensive, there are selective intake

3365:

with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.

3220:

in upland areas, indented by fertile valleys of the region's rivers. They contain two

2190:

London became the largest and most populous metropolitan area in the world during the

2080:. In 1825 the world's first permanent steam locomotive-hauled passenger railway – the 1224: 23005: 22896: 22754: 22002: 21948: 21550: 20282: 20015: 20010: 19910: 19862: 19622: 19600: 19588: 19574: 19551: 19529: 19510: 19491: 19453: 19436: 19415: 19392: 19370: 19351: 19329: 19310: 19291: 19272: 19250: 19229: 19223: 19205: 19186: 19153: 19134: 19108: 19089: 19083: 19068: 19046: 19022: 18996: 18973: 18954: 18935: 18916: 18897: 18878: 18859: 18840: 18821: 18802: 18795: 18779: 18773: 18758: 18735: 18703: 18682: 18663: 18644: 18625: 18606: 18587: 18568: 18546: 18527: 18508: 18485: 18463: 18444: 18425: 18403: 18381: 18362: 18343: 18324: 18318: 18300: 18281: 18258: 18235: 18211: 18192: 18170: 18151: 18130: 18111: 18089: 18067: 18045: 18026: 18007: 17988: 17969: 17950: 17780: 17627: 16379: 16151: 15458: 15062: 14760: 14487: 13785: 13050: 13000: 12781: 12014: 11696: 11176: 10834: 10686: 10638: 10591: 10331: 10319: 10315: 10139: 9995: 9190: 9182: 9023: 8956: 8907: 8883: 8670:, Warwickshire in the early 19th century. The top level of club participation is the 8315: 8269: 8191: 8052: 7959:. Hitchcock and Lean are among the most critically acclaimed filmmakers. Hitchcock's 7822: 7767: 7720: 7530: 7511: 7451: 7049: 6957: 6945: 6822: 6751: 6724: 6708: 6543: 6527: 6500: 6456: 6241: 6233: 6213: 6116: 6020: 5923: 5919: 5867: 5733: 5685: 5592: 5579:, there are roughly 53,172 people who identify as Pagan in England, including 11,026 5470: 5360: 5338: 5283: 5198: 5103: 4921:. There is an English diaspora in former parts of the British Empire; especially the 4881: 4801: 4789: 4766: 4694: 4669: 4540: 4532: 4351: 4233: 4217: 4197:) is regarded as one of the most influential entrepreneurs in history. The physician 4182: 3940: 3912: 3436: 3294: 3272: 3186: 2507: 2407: 2293: 2120: 2073: 1881: 1873: 1751: 1735: 1731: 1704: 1471: 1435: 1382: 1347: 1320: 1296: 1220: 1146: 1138: 1122: 940: 765: 686: 518: 338: 62: 17944: 17853: 14841: 13806: 13229: 12318:"Mammals in Britain's cities: A spotter's guide – in pictures | Urban wildlife" 11775: 10277: 9201:, a category which includes all peoples from Great Britain and Ireland. Chileans of 9159:

power: the Anglican Church did not make substantial change in doctrine until later."

8955:. The Tudor rose was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of the 8030:

saw the production of the first gory horror films showing blood and guts in colour.

7602:

are the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed band in popular music.

7595: 7229: 6825:

style with their vivid and detailed style. Prominent among 20th-century artists was

6362:. There is no official national costume, but a few are well established such as the 3435:

in most areas, lacking extremes of cold or heat, but does have a few small areas of

2878:; these were reformed to 51 in 1974 and to their current number in 1996. Each has a 1486:. This brought about the political unification of England, first accomplished under 23391: 23242: 23000: 22866: 22858: 22843: 22775: 22742: 22452: 22269: 22259: 22249: 22234: 22124: 21997: 21980: 21975: 21958: 21938: 21744: 20597: 20479: 20419: 20304: 20225: 19995: 19060: 18059: 15901: 15801: 15050: 12833: 12819: 12288: 11343: 11115:"Regency | British Architectural Dates and Styles | Property | UK | Mayfair Office" 10428: 10311: 9711: 9296: 9029: 8861: 8808:

in early April. It is the most watched horse race in the UK, and three-time winner

8717: 8499: 8410: 8363: 8246: 8242: 8234: 8211: 8171: 7983: 7956: 7920: 7908: 7891: 7834: 7803: 7712: 7704: 7700: 7653: 7627: 7623: 7576: 7570: 7561: 7289: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7181: 6986: 6941: 6923: 6909: 6851: 6755: 6736: 6523: 6519: 6367: 6343: 6264: 6185: 6161: 6124: 6068: 5871: 5717: 5346: 5235: 5231: 5180: 5153: 5093: 5073: 4868: 4797: 4628: 4528: 4384: 4202: 4140: 4132: 3962: 3537: 3498: 3494: 3444: 3344: 3297: 3174: 3127: 3071:) by a 21-mile (34 km) sea gap, though the two countries are connected by the 2640: 2269: 2052: 1974: 1933: 1929: 1723: 1643: 1503: 1479: 1463: 1212: 1200: 1059: 936: 875: 859: 855: 804: 777: 773: 259: 170: 15262: 11486: 9699:

2011 Census – Population and household estimates for England and Wales, March 2011

6847: 4083: 1750:. There were internal religious conflicts during the reigns of Henry's daughters, 1698: 23282: 23257: 23252: 23172: 23112: 23020: 22909: 22871: 22613: 22554: 22430: 21670: 21560: 21251: 21211: 20412: 20210: 19900: 19852: 19773: 19343: 19040: 18560: 18477: 18274: 17774: 17751: 17672: 17559: 17506:

Fry, Peter (July 2000). Samuel Ryder: The Man Behind the Ryder Cup. Wright Press.

16508: 16457: 15366: 15124:"The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies" 13068:"Cambridge remains most intensive science and technological cluster in the world" 13047:

Technopoles of the World: the Making of Twenty-First-Century Industrial Complexes

12970: 9698: 9288: 9202: 8948: 8937: 8879: 8580: 8538: 8354: 8230: 8215: 8199: 8064: 8027: 7987: 7912: 7433: 7285: 7281: 7241: 7225: 7189: 7177: 7053: 6798: 6787: 6779: 6763: 6688: 6488: 6452: 6387: 6253: 6064: 6056: 5989: 5802: 5797: 5729: 5376: 5314: 5223: 5123: 5063: 4982: 4970: 4958: 4835: 4648: 4355: 4339: 4221: 4190: 4171: 4144: 4116: 3982: 3966: 3932: 3928: 3874: 3743: 3549: 3432: 3370: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3225: 3115: 3068: 3049: 2994: 2971: 2887: 2879: 2792: 2787: 2680: 2670: 2610: 2480: 2472: 2352: 2221:. Developments in warfare technology saw many cities damaged by air-raids during 2136: 2100: 2030: 2006: 2002: 1921: 1885: 1832: 1763: 1689: 1616: 1544: 1495: 1467: 1405: 1195: 1117: 1029: 1002: 785: 726: 317: 48: 22096: 16979: 16501: 16450: 14368:"The Cornish Language Development Project – Evaluation – Final Report" 10916: 5926:

stretching right across northern England. Another well-preserved example is the

4099:

Prominent English figures from the field of science and mathematics include Sir

2021: 996:

The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by

23332: 23322: 23247: 23227: 23217: 23177: 23117: 22985: 22980: 22975: 22886: 22876: 22848: 22596: 22579: 22574: 22443: 22229: 22111: 21283: 21164: 21102: 20663: 20546: 20484: 20265: 20255: 19857: 19679: 19614: 16340:

David Christopher (2002). "British Culture: An Introduction". p. 74. Routledge,

11482: 9682:"Population estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland" 9366:"Standard Area Measurements for Administrative Areas (December 2023) in the UK" 9255: 9251: 9145:

Standard Area Measurement, 'total extent of the realm' (area to mean low water)

9133:

ONS Standard Area Measurement, 'area to mean high water excluding inland water'

9078: 8915: 8801: 8702:. Rugby League is most popular among towns in the northern English counties of 8562: 8463: 8226: 8203: 8179: 8096: 8076: 8011: 7799: 7526: 7480: 7475: 7265: 7261: 7185: 7130: 7122: 7118: 7065: 7009: 6794: 6767: 6696: 6674: 6653: 6547: 6531: 6468: 6464: 6429: 6351: 6331: 6323: 6268: 6165: 6128: 6106: 6086: 6078: 6001: 5993: 5931: 5895: 5862:

monuments were erected during the prehistoric period; among the best known are

5859: 5701: 5658: 5552: 5545: 5525: 5388: 5227: 5143: 5012: 5005: 4962: 4918: 4914: 4872: 4862: 4686: 4652: 4555: 4516: 4343: 4253: 4237: 4225: 4213: 4104: 3920: 3870: 3858: 3460: 3308: 3248: 3244: 3072: 3029: 2990: 2986: 2912: 2905: 2902: 2799: 2770: 2762: 2757: 2735: 2620: 2585: 2281: 2226: 2164: 2148: 2068: 2060: 2051:

to create innovations in science and engineering, while the enormous growth in

1925: 1803: 1787: 1779: 1775: 1655: 1620: 1576: 1568: 1499: 1396: 1343: 1244: 1161: 1039: 932: 769: 702: 589: 333: 307: 204: 92: 22914: 17593: 15054: 12342: 10288: 6643: 1811:. This failure did not end the threat: Spain launched two further armadas, in 1802:

in the East. During the Elizabethan period, England was at war with Spain. An

23385: 23367: 23354: 23302: 23287: 23202: 23197: 23192: 23152: 22881: 22564: 22360: 21339: 20900: 20798: 20788: 20587: 20582: 20185: 20041: 19948: 19943: 19885: 19804: 19683: 19440: 19264: 18314: 18184: 18143: 18134: 17940: 16572: 15728: 14589:"Table KS209EW 2011 Census: Religion, local authorities in England and Wales" 13570:"Minister of State (Minister for Business, Energy and Clean Growth) – GOV.UK" 11986: 10865: 10323: 9271: 9263: 9178: 9155: 8984: 8964: 8887: 8797: 8762: 8725: 8657: 8633: 8561:

in the UK. England is recognised by FIFA as the birthplace of club football:

8553:. With a British television audience peak of 32.30 million viewers, the 8514:. England has been crowned world champion in several major sports including: 8393: 8375: 8369: 8219: 8104: 8100: 7966: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7846: 7826: 7752: 7660: 7639: 7553: 7549: 7541: 7517: 7491: 7437: 7293: 7277: 7257: 7253: 7221: 7201: 7158: 7078: 7057: 7037: 7033: 7013: 6890: 6771: 6700: 6606: 6535: 6512: 6480: 6335: 6319: 6237: 6138:

By the end of the 18th century, the English garden was being imitated by the

6044: 5997: 5952: 5941: 5891: 5826: 5633: 5510: 5407: 4986: 4954: 4953:. The proportion of ethnically European residents totals at 81.7%, including 4922: 4827:

are organised on a UK-wide basis, as are non-governmental bodies such as the

4777: 4633:

world's second busiest airport measured by number of international passengers

4584: 4572:

is responsible for the economic and safety regulation of England's railways.

4508: 4437:

England has a dense and modern transportation infrastructure. There are many

4359: 4331: 4265: 4198: 4124: 4120: 4078: 3974: 3908: 3529: 3416: 3362: 3354: 3320: 3229: 3193: 3166: 3135: 3045: 3033: 3025: 2916: 2891: 2832: 2775: 2730: 2660: 2625: 2590: 2273: 2257: 2230: 2191: 2175: 1963: 1838: 1739: 1647: 1276: 978: 867: 706: 140: 127: 16128: 14090: 14028: 13871:"Shifting Identities – statistical data on ethnic identities in the US" 12400:

Regional economic activity by gross value added (balanced), UK: 1998 to 2017

10543: 10473: 5414:

is the third largest Christian practice and grew out of Anglicanism through

4997:, especially former British colonies, and 2.9% identified as multiracial or 4838:

is 77.5 years for males and 81.7 years for females, the highest of the four

3947:

for managing the monetary policy of the country and setting interest rates.

3397:

is a non-departmental public body, established in 1995 and sponsored by the

1977:. By the mid-to-late 17th century, two political factions had emerged – the 1599:. The period saw changes in trade and legislation, including the signing of 1377: 1149:. The sea level was lower than the present day and Britain was connected by 907:, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. 764:

The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the

23307: 23222: 23097: 23030: 22995: 22274: 22264: 21206: 20577: 20439: 20294: 19920: 19905: 19880: 19872: 18225: 16302: 9198: 9054: 9006: 8960: 8895: 8793: 8789: 8737: 8695: 8679: 8675: 8667: 8495: 8471: 8451: 8420: 8342: 8254: 8084: 8060: 7952: 7948: 7928: 7924: 7842: 7680: 7668: 7631: 7619: 7545: 7457: 7417: 7416:

is centuries old and has contributed to several genres prominently; mostly

7245: 7237: 7193: 7150: 7126: 7114: 6648: 6602: 6571: 6563: 6551: 6444: 6433: 6371: 6347: 6339: 6151: 6147: 6024: 5937: 5903: 5830: 5818: 5745: 5741: 5732:. There are over 90 universities in England, all but one of which are 5498: 5462: 5451: 5342: 5287: 5219: 4934: 4774: 4644: 4577: 4520: 4478: 4466: 4374: 4363: 4289: 4281: 4257: 4108: 4100: 4088: 3954: 3936: 3331:, while the lowest was −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) on 10 January 1982 in 3328: 3233: 3170: 3111: 3103: 3099: 2883: 2665: 2635: 2615: 2214: 2026: 1795: 1778:, the first English colony in the Americas was founded in 1585 by explorer 1719: 1715: 1280: 1231:

was the spoken language during this time. Society was tribal; according to

1189: 758: 177: 20515: 17909: 17887: 14809: 14563:"British Sign Language gets official status after 19 years of campaigning" 13440:"Britain produced record amount of wind power in 2022, National Grid says" 12067: 9888:. Palaeolithic Rivers of South-West Britain Project (2006). Archived from 8732:, played both in England and Scotland. The biennial golf competition, the 8610:

is a composite England and Wales team. One of the game's top rivalries is

7810:

community. It is the largest open-air Asian festival in Europe. After the

5544:

are next in number, adding up to 2.8% combined, introduced from India and

4647:

is the major waterway in England, with imports and exports focused at the

3020: 1536:

and concluded with an English victory against a larger French army in the

1487: 23317: 23262: 23162: 23010: 22591: 22491: 22179: 21692: 21622: 20195: 19938: 19930: 19219: 16371:

Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895–1960: On the Halls on the Screen

14969: 13299: 13281: 13226:"27 September 1825 – Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway" 10630: 9287:

history ill-suited to the task during an era when members of the deposed

9284: 8832: 8758: 8720:. There are professional tours for men and women, in two main tours: the 8663: 8511: 8503: 8447: 8428: 8299: 8265: 8112: 8108: 8092: 8072: 8048: 8015: 7944: 7818: 7794:

movement from the late 1980s, which inspired the pan-European culture of

7732: 7696: 7688: 7684: 7664: 7599: 7557: 7429: 7273: 7269: 7249: 7233: 7134: 7073: 7045: 6953: 6949: 6905: 6826: 6810: 6716: 6630: 6587: 6504: 6484: 6420: 6397: 6276: 6198: 6082: 6060: 5974: 5887: 5662: 5568: 5502: 5494: 5490: 5474: 5415: 5306: 5216:, and is taught to some degree in several primary and secondary schools. 4938: 4482: 4474: 4462: 4461:, a distance of 232 miles (373 km). Other major routes include: the 4446: 4378: 4297: 4112: 4030: 4014: 3882: 3862: 3752: 3490: 3316: 3256: 3252: 3146: 3119: 2875: 2825: 2818: 2675: 2499: 2467:). Despite now being part of the United Kingdom, the legal system of the 2452: 2435: 2399: 2199: 2160: 2132: 1860: 1759: 1755: 1628: 1604: 1600: 1556: 1447: 1300: 1256: 1150: 986: 968: 922: 820: 808: 651: 377: 23075: 22919: 18503:

The Age of Plantagenet and Valois: The Struggle for Supremacy, 1328–1498

13181: 10289:"The P-Celtic Place Names of North-East England and South-East Scotland" 8994: 8898:. Since 1606 the St George's Cross has formed part of the design of the 5962:'s secular buildings were simple constructions mainly using timber with 4507:

Bus transport across the country is widespread; major companies include

3307:

Important influences on the climate of England are its proximity to the

23272: 23232: 23212: 23137: 22990: 22924: 22305:

List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom

22244: 20451: 20190: 16802:"Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism" 16488: 12722: 10642: 8944: 8933: 8899: 8857: 8703: 8330: 8120: 8068: 7916: 7895: 7783: 7740: 7736: 7728: 7676: 7672: 7540:

Early English composers in classical music include Renaissance artists

7404: 7146: 7142: 7110: 7041: 7025: 7021: 7017: 6937: 6933: 6775: 6759: 6728: 6327: 6245: 6194: 6168:

preserve great gardens and landscape parks throughout the country. The

6077:

followed in a more refined style, evoking a simple Palladian form; the

6052: 5911: 5907: 5863: 5584: 5423: 5310: 5299: 4718: 4604: 4512: 4396: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4293: 4249: 4241: 4209: 4194: 4010: 3978: 3931:, founded in 1694 as private banker to the government of England and a 3792: 3692: 3672: 3565: 3541: 3521: 3513: 3452: 3213: 3131: 3123: 3107: 3076: 2813: 2630: 2605: 2595: 2510:. It was created in 2009 after constitutional changes, taking over the 2456: 2376: 2289: 2238: 2234: 2179: 2170: 2124: 2116: 2112: 2096: 2056: 1998: 1727: 1514:. However, the native royal dynasty was restored with the accession of 1279:. The best-known of the native tribes who attempted to resist were the 1238: 1204: 1169: 1142: 1104: 812: 730: 597: 19661: 19643: 18951:

Writing the English Republic: Poetry, Rhetoric and Politics, 1627–1660

14343: 12824: 12799: 9429:"Regional gross value added (balanced) per head and income components" 8882:

since the 13th century. Originally, the flag was used by the maritime

7865:. Other forms of entertainment that originated in England include the 1662:

who invaded with Welsh and Breton mercenaries, gaining victory at the

23327: 23187: 23102: 22904: 22239: 22098: 21970: 21878: 19953: 19824: 18148:

Greater Manchester Votes: A Guide to the New Metropolitan Authorities

17830: 17096: 16182: 14322: 14154:"Almost a quarter of state school pupils are from an ethnic minority" 12264:"Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – GOV.UK" 11366: 9259: 8980: 8891: 8733: 8611: 8479: 8336: 8080: 7870: 7830: 7744: 7716: 7708: 7644: 7217: 6618: 6591: 6567: 6425: 6375: 6284: 6249: 5883: 5427: 5419: 5190: 4930: 4600: 4573: 4301: 4261: 4245: 4167: 4038: 4026: 3970: 3904: 3885:

principles, yet maintains an advanced social welfare infrastructure.

3812: 3732: 3525: 3517: 3464: 3448: 3324: 3259:; where they meet the sea they form white rock exposures such as the 3209: 3201: 3197: 3150: 3091: 3084: 3080: 2985:

Ceremonially and administratively, the region is divided between the

2710: 2695: 2690: 2476: 2464: 2419: 2222: 1893: 1304: 1284: 1251:

in 55 BC; although largely unsuccessful, he managed to set up a

1165: 1108: 904: 734: 722: 19649: 19470:

The Story of a Great Delusion in a Series of Matter-of-fact Chapters

14420:"On being a Cornish "Celt": changing Celtic heritage and traditions" 13897:"Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories" 10302:

Härke, Heinrich (2011). "Anglo-Saxon Immigration and Ethnogenesis".

8434:

England has a strong sporting heritage, and during the 19th century

7002:, remains one of the most championed authors in English literature. 6900: 6895: 6244:, others date from after the Norman invasion. The legends featuring 5966:

for roofing. Ecclesiastical architecture ranged from a synthesis of

5748:

and living costs. The first degree offered to undergraduates is the

5641:

was founded in 1096, making it the world's second-oldest university.

4685:

Successive governments have outlined numerous commitments to reduce

4580:, a new high-speed north–south railway line, is under construction. 1900:

respectively. This was an interwoven part of the wider multifaceted

1880:

Based on conflicting political, religious and social positions, the

23277: 23127: 23122: 22606: 22569: 22457: 22411: 22202: 22162: 22157: 22129: 21831: 19688: 17594:"The History of British Motorsport and Motor Racing at Silverstone" 17478: 8842: 8467: 8401:

has overall responsibility over media and broadcasting in England.

8207: 7795: 7748: 7425: 6731:

was popular at Winchester and Canterbury, examples survive such as

6684: 6610: 6508: 6492: 6476: 6448: 6296: 6221: 6081:

at Bath is one of the best examples of this. With the emergence of

5981: 5915: 5541: 5533: 5466: 5439: 5431: 5213: 4745: 4624: 4500: 4277: 4185:, built the first public inter-city railway line in the world, the 4042: 3763: 3412: 3374: 3312: 3276: 3217: 3178: 3162: 2725: 2685: 2600: 2195: 2140: 1897: 1783: 1414: 1354:, while others claim through Lucius of Britain. By 410, during the 1324: 1268: 1181: 892: 871: 863: 851: 714: 681: 593: 11147:. England: Pen & Sword Books Limited, CPI UK, South Yorkshire. 10566:"Royal Navy History, Tudor Period and the Birth of a Regular Navy" 7849:

in 1830. England is home to numerous major orchestras such as the

3114:

is the longest river flowing through England. It empties into the

23292: 23267: 23237: 23132: 23107: 22586: 22396: 22207: 20503: 19809: 18563:(1996). "Introduction". In Mark Ormrod & P.G. Lindley (ed.). 17003:"BBC: World's largest broadcaster & Most trusted media brand" 16946:"BBC: World's largest broadcaster & Most trusted media brand" 16329:

Entertainment: A Pictorial History of the Past One Thousand Years

15081:"Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills Committee Contents" 13959: 13498:

Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment

13468:"The world's biggest offshore wind farm is now fully operational" 13444: 13203: 12641: 9764: 8853: 8846: 8809: 8707: 8599: 8491: 8475: 8443: 8302:

in Manchester is the largest media-production facility in Europe.

8264:

has overall responsibility for cultural property and heritage. A

7756: 7724: 7173: 6992: 6878: 6692: 6575: 6555: 6280: 5705: 5697: 5588: 5537: 5478: 5443: 4536: 4018: 3832: 3456: 3154: 3036:. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an 2982:

devolution with the regional structure outside London abolished.

2782: 2752: 2740: 2650: 2645: 2383:

would be devolved, but following the proposal's rejection by the

1635:; starting in 1348, it eventually killed up to half of England's 1552: 1483: 1439: 1288: 1232: 1173: 1154: 1130: 1049: 997: 990: 742: 302: 22406: 22329: 20230: 19655: 19348:

Start of Play: Cricket and Culture in Eighteenth-Century England

17651:"Where are F1 teams based? Mercedes, Ferrari, Red Bull and more" 16598:"English World Heritage Sites to get strongest ever protections" 10869: 8728:. The world's oldest golf tournament, and golf's first major is 8281:. It is considered a global centre of finance, art and culture. 8127:

or events. The 'English Cycle' of Disney animated films include

7256:. Since then England has continued to produce novelists such as 1932:

followed. After Cromwell's death and the resignation of his son

1837:

The political structure of the island changed in 1603, when the

1319:, many agricultural items and silk. In the 3rd century, Emperor 1267:

The Romans invaded Britain in 43 AD during the reign of Emperor

957:", is in the late-ninth-century translation into Old English of 952: 926: 23297: 23147: 22955: 22601: 22486: 22386: 22174: 21953: 18719:

Beyond the Constitution? Englishness in a post-devolved Britain

15923: 14835:"From Expulsion (1290) to Readmission (1656): Jews and England" 12534:"London Has Officially Become the Technology Capital of Europe" 11603:"Constitutional reform: A Supreme Court for the United Kingdom" 9014: 8778: 8743: 8459: 8455: 8278: 8274: 7866: 7837:

is one of the world's foremost classical ballet companies. The

6980: 6869: 6583: 6288: 6229: 6036: 6032: 5963: 5948: 5275: 5113: 4926: 4524: 4058: 4006: 3998: 3892: 3869:, is responsible for developing and executing the government's 3652: 3182: 3064: 3052:. It is bordered by two other countries of the United Kingdom: 2715: 2705: 2033:

from the Terrace of Somerset House looking towards St. Paul's,

1940:

was invited to return as monarch in 1660, in a move called the

1511: 1491: 1490:

in 927 and definitively established after further conflicts by

1455: 1451: 1422:

had, in general, been replaced in the conquered territories by

1185: 1177: 1064: 1021: 944: 879: 750: 119: 86: 19009: 16881:"These Are the World's Most Popular City Destinations in 2019" 16827:"A review of research and literature on museums and libraries" 13843: 13337:"Delta Expects New Slots To Foster Growth At Heathrow Airport" 13259: 11723:"Offender management statistics quarterly: April to June 2022" 11007: 8845:. Another popular sport commonly associated with pub games is 8591:. At 90,000 capacity, it is the biggest stadium in the UK and 5017:

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

3600: 3361:

The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the

1583:. They reigned for three centuries, some noted monarchs being 23167: 23142: 22462: 22391: 22134: 21930: 19432:

Our great public schools: their traditions, customs and games

16925:"Europe's largest, digital, tech and creative hub: MediaCity" 16600:. Institute of Historic Building Conservation. Archived from 14457:"The Cornish: They revolted in 1497, now they're at it again" 14370:. Hywel Evans, Aric Lacoste / ERS. p. 20. Archived from 13922:

Centre for Population and Urban Research, Monash University.

13168:

Lesley, Lewis (1983). "Runcorn – A Rapid Transit New Town?".

9206: 8928: 8838: 8603: 8487: 8483: 6614: 6598: 6472: 6460: 6437: 6225: 6209: 5899: 5580: 5560: 5529: 5004:

In 2007, 22% of primary school children in England were from

4496: 4369:

Scientific research and development remains important in the

4354:

was founded in 1799 by leading English scientists, including

4054: 3994: 3712: 3561: 3557: 3205: 2720: 2655: 1400: 1292: 1216: 1134: 1007: 847: 718: 16521:"Does Andy Serkis's motion capture acting deserve an Oscar?" 13812:"World Population Prospects: Analytical Report for the 2004" 11412:"Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly" 9358: 6047:. Medieval architecture was completed with the 16th-century 2870:

Outside the London region, England's highest tier is the 48

2455:

legal system, developed over the centuries, is the basis of

23207: 22381: 22167: 18913:

A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester

17211: 17154:"ABCs: National daily newspaper circulation September 2008" 15156:"QS World University Rankings 2023 | Top Universities" 15043:

Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit

13849:"Ethnicity and National Identity in England and Wales 2011" 12507:. City of London Policy Resources Committee. Archived from 11776:"The problem of 'county confusion' – and how to resolve it" 9168:

Figure of 550,000 military deaths is for England and Wales.

8894:

in the 12th and 13th centuries, and became associated with

8713: 8546: 8507: 8250: 7791: 6865: 6299:. These stories are most centrally brought together within 6176:

and is said to be the largest gardening show in the world.

5945: 5665:

exam. Around 7.2 per cent of English schoolchildren attend

5650: 5514: 5392: 5239: 5083: 4336:

The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge

4229: 4062: 4050: 4046: 4022: 3895:

is the financial capital of England and the United Kingdom.

2700: 1978: 1339: 1328: 1295:, ended with Boudica's suicide following her defeat at the 1032:, the Saxon tribe gave their name to the word for England ( 958: 784:, which included Wales after 1535, ceased to be a separate 19389:

Library of the world's best literature, ancient and modern

18717:

Kenny, Michael; English, Richard; Hayton, Richard (2008).

18699:

Outlines of primitive belief among the Indo-European races

18108:

A Dictionary of British Folk-tales in the English Language

16784:"Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport" 16129:"The Birth of British Music: Handel – The Conquering Hero" 14870: 14747:. p. 8. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019 14181:"Immigration rise increases segregation in British cities" 13776: 12444: 10880:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 9926: 8190:

fall within England. Some of the best-known of these are:

7833:

is a major annual cultural event in the English calendar.

5621:

Children between the ages of 3 and 5 attend nursery or an

5242:. However, following the 2011 census data released by the 4945:

to Spain. Due in particular to the economic prosperity of

4681:, and wind power production is its fastest growing supply. 3403:

Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

2225:. Following the war, the British Empire experienced rapid 1957:

when it is sitting, which is annually commemorated at the

1611:

became a Plantagenet fief during the 13th century and the

20424: 19015:

Britain 2001: The Official Handbook of the United Kingdom

18932:

The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century

17119: 15095: 13300:"HS2: When will the line open and how much will it cost?" 8976: 8812:

is the most successful racehorse in the event's history.

8387: 8323: 8307: 7421: 7129:

who is regarded as the founder of conservatism. The poet

6683:

The earliest known examples are the prehistoric rock and

6217: 6115:

The landscape garden at Stourhead. Inspired by the great

5713: 4811:

The government department responsible for the NHS is the

4607:. There are several extensive tram networks, such as the 4481:

from Liverpool via Manchester to East Yorkshire, and the

4406:

Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology

4390: 4377:

to facilitate production and co-operation with industry.

4034: 4002: 1275:, and the area was incorporated into the Roman Empire as 1180:, and later iron from iron ores. The development of iron 18660:

Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History

16492:

magazine poll: 29 September 2000) Retrieved 27 June 2015

14511:"Number of primaries teaching foreign languages doubles" 13983:"An Englishman's home is his casa as thousands go south" 13808:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

13545:"Department for Energy Security & Net Zero – GOV.UK" 13412:"UK Renewable Energy Roadmap Crown copyright, July 2011" 13094:"International comparison of the UK research base, 2022" 9741: 9337:"2021 Census Area Profile – England Country (E92000001)" 8746:

was created in Birmingham in the late 19th century, and

3263:. This also includes relatively flat plains such as the 2938:

At the community level, much of England is divided into

1646:

waged between the two branches of the royal family, the

1192:), as well as the production of more effective weapons. 993:

in Englaland", thus using it in the more ancient sense.

858:. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the 18416: 18394: 11749: 11405: 11403: 11401: 10963: 8182:

holds a complementary role, focussed on landscapes and

7652:, whose musicals have achieved enormous success in the 7638:

and others. Present-day composers from England include

7436:

in the 16th century, are an important artefact, as are

5011:

England contains one indigenous national minority, the

4734:

Minister of State for Business, Energy and Clean Growth

4724:

The current energy policy is the responsibility of the

4564:

is a planned state-owned public body that will oversee

4288:. Other inventions include the iron plate railway, the 3939:. The bank has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes in 2099:

and the combined fleets of France and Spain during the

2016: 2001:

and continued to support James and his sons. Under the

19975:

Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)

19667: 18837:

A constitutional and legal history of medieval England

16573:"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" 16546:"Barry Ronge's Classic DVD : Alice in Wonderland" 16400:"Harry Potter becomes highest-grossing film franchise" 14060: 14058: 14056: 14054: 14052: 14050: 13520:"UK Undergoing 'Remarkable Shift' in Power Generation" 10939: 10937: 10611: 10516: 10077:

Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World

9395: 9393: 9391: 9389: 8632:

was prominent in organising the format for the modern

5591:

had the highest such proportion at 42.5%, followed by

4410:

Minister of State for Science, Research and Innovation

4208:

Inventions and discoveries of the English include the

4021:. England is also rich in natural resources including 3512:

While many cities in England are quite large, such as

1985:. Though the Tories initially supported Catholic king 1579:

of fiefs the family had inherited in France including

19288:

Decentralized democratic governance in new millennium

18042:

England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075–1225

17801:"The Great Seal of the Commonwealth of England, 1651" 16533:"Tim Webber: the man who put Sandra Bullock in space" 15075: 13228:. The Stockton and Darlington Railway. Archived from 13161: 11814:"Tiers shed as regional government offices disappear" 11409: 10488: 10171: 9946:"Tertiary Rivers: Tectonic and structural background" 9673: 8849:, and England has produced several world champions. 6836: 5684:

examinations. Students may then opt to continue into

2506:

is the highest court for criminal and civil cases in

1502:

in 1016, turning it into the centre of a short-lived

1335:

was subsequently proclaimed emperor a century later.

1033: 19664: – news items from BBC News relating to England 19183:

The Oxford illustrated history of English literature

17307:"Hurst the hero for England in the home of football" 14901: 14899: 14897: 13384:"BBC – Weather Centre – Climate Change – Wind Power" 12943: 12941: 12690:"World Guide – England – Economy Overview" 11647:"Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice" 11398: 10295: 10188: 10186: 10159: 9068: 7790:. England was at the forefront of the illegal, free 6912:

continued among the educated classes, as well as an

6455:, chicken or pork) served with assorted vegetables, 5680:

After finishing compulsory education, students take

5551:

A small minority of the population practise ancient

4804:. The NHS is largely funded by general taxation and 4358:. Some experts claim that the earliest concept of a 4323:

and many modern techniques and technologies used in

3471:, both of which thrive in urban and suburban areas. 846:

England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and

21644: 19980:

Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)

17319:"Tracking 30 years of TV's most watched programmes" 14047: 14000: 13188: 13127:"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology" 12369:"The Complete Guide To: Cathedral cities in the UK" 11053: 10934: 9386: 8852:The English are keen sailors and enjoy competitive 8565:, founded in 1857, is the world's oldest club. The 7204:are somewhat related. Empiricism continued through 5313:traditions and some Anglicans regard themselves as 5210:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

4730:

Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero

3319:. Rainfall is higher in the west, and parts of the 2272:. As part of the United Kingdom, the area joined a 19670: – official website of the British Government 19592: 19566: 19407: 19126: 19121: 18988: 18794: 18750: 18716: 18500: 18273: 18250: 18141: 17829:. Number10.gov.uk. 13 January 2003. Archived from 15708: 14684: 14591:. Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012 14120: 14003:"Record numbers leave the country for life abroad" 12949:"The formal title as adopted in the royal charter" 12287: 11773: 11761: 11388: 11287: 11242: 10375: 10363: 10056:. Alfred John Church, William Jackson Brudribh, Ed 9476: 9458:"Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions" 8788:Originating in 17th and 18th-century England, the 8716:has been prominent in England, due in part to its 6790:becoming two of England's most treasured artists. 5383:, the Church has organised ecclesiastically on an 3899:The economy of England is the largest part of the 3399:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 2521:is the minister responsible to Parliament for the 1141:remained. Roughly 11,000 years ago, when the 19652: – wildlife and the natural world of England 19646: – national body protecting English heritage 19509:(3rd ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. 18657: 17541: 17180:"Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport" 15290:"Ancient Roman architecture in England and Wales" 15103:"Financial support for higher education students" 14894: 13899:. Statistics Canada. 2 April 2008. Archived from 13839: 13837: 13835: 13833: 12938: 12881: 11745: 11743: 11410:Sherman, Jill; Andrew Norfolk (5 November 2004). 10183: 7366:Henry Purcell's "The Queen's Dolour (A Farewell)" 6695:, but also feature further south, for example at 6443:Traditional examples of English food include the 5782:oldest universities in the English-speaking world 5375:The second-largest Christian denomination is the 5298:. The church regards itself as both Catholic and 4800:, prepared by the economist and social reformer, 4655:, one of the United Kingdom's three major ports. 4402:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology 1989:, some of them, along with the Whigs, during the 1734:in 1534 which proclaimed the monarch head of the 1203:is one of the most significant pieces of ancient 23383: 22318:. Partial suspension of sovereignty due to the 19410:English poetry of the Romantic period, 1789–1830 15894:"The Bronze Age: Henry Moore and his successors" 15710:"How to make the perfect full English breakfast" 15158:. QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. February 2017 14001:Travis, Alan; Sarah Knapton (16 November 2007). 13282:"Crossrail's giant tunnelling machines unveiled" 12997:The Royal Institution : an informal history 12166:"It's official – the Wren is our commonest bird" 11977: 11975: 11091:. Entry on Sciencemuseum website. Archived from 10448: 10446: 9883:"Palaeolithic Archaeology Teaching Resource Box" 9490:. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023 9331: 7521:. Traditional English Christmas carols include " 7125:. More radical elements were later countered by 5250:became an official language of England when the 4643:, however, water transport is very limited. The 4485:from Birmingham to Bristol and the South West. 4154:from the 17th century. As the birthplace of the 1642:Between 1453 and 1487, a civil war known as the 1547:in October 1066, accomplished by an army led by 721:to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by the 22097:Countries, territories and dependencies of the 19621:(New ed.). Sutton: Sutton Publishing Ltd. 17620:"F1 Champions: Dan Wheldon killed in Las Vegas" 16994: 16299:Great dynasties of the world: The Chipperfields 16250:"Royal Academy of Music | University of London" 14804: 14802: 14661:. PewResearch.org. 19 June 2008. Archived from 11983:"North West England & Isle of Man: climate" 11458:"The Act of Union between England and Scotland" 11362:"The coming of the Tudors and the Act of Union" 11225: 11081: 9686:Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom) 9061:: Saint George is the patron saint of England. 8963:symbol in that it merged the white rose of the 8399:Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport 8262:Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport 7105:Some of the most prominent philosophers of the 5524:Especially since the 1950s, religions from the 5513:. There are non-Christian religions practised. 4691:one of the best sites in Europe for wind energy 4679:one of the best sites in Europe for wind energy 4260:; and theories such as the Darwinian theory of 792:brought into effect a political union with the 19246:Edward Jenner, the Cheltenham years, 1795–1823 16938: 16832:. Arts Council. September 2011. Archived from 15946: 15944: 15658:"The S.Pellegrino World's 50 Best Restaurants" 15622:. Woodlands-Junior.kent.sch.uk. Archived from 14686:"People here 'must obey the laws of the land'" 14396:. Government Office South West. Archived from 14280: 14122:"One fifth of children from ethnic minorities" 13830: 13772: 13770: 13366: 13364: 13362: 12896:. American Heritage Publishing. Archived from 12421:"The Welfare State – Never Ending Reform" 11740: 11481: 11196: 11003: 11001: 10827:Adler, Philip J.; Pouwels, Randall L. (2007). 10131: 9401:"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022" 9185:. In Canada there are around 6.5 million 8771:first ever World Championship Formula One race 8119:in London in 2011. The visual effects company 7778:in the summer and autumn are popular, such as 7455:collections. Some of the best-known songs are 6956:, were major philosophers of the Middle Ages. 6586:served with jam or cream, dried fruit loaves, 6011:flourished, with prime examples including the 5738:Department for Business, Innovation and Skills 5720:provide both academic and vocational courses. 5696:) often form part of a secondary school site. 5647:Programme for International Student Assessment 4091:is one of the most influential figures in the 3110:respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the 1551:invading at Hastings late September 1066. The 827:has been widely adopted by other nations. The 23061: 22345: 22082: 20531: 19704: 19323: 16535:. Evening Standard. Retrieved 17 January 2014 15337: 15335: 13155: 12999:. Final chapter by Alban. London: J. Murray. 11972: 11263:"Obituaries: Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle" 10817:" (PhD. Diss. Loughborough University, 2016). 10752:"The term 'Great Britain' in the Middle Ages" 10443: 10264:. Boydell and Brewer Press. pp. 174–178. 10132:Rees, Bob; Shute, Paul; Kelly, Nigel (2003). 9374:. Office for National Statistics. 31 May 2024 9274:continued to practise in the classical style. 9177:For instance, in 1980 around 50 million 7384:Elgar's "Pomp & Circumstance March No. 1" 6966:, was a prominent Christian mystic. With the 6805:continued the landscape tradition, while the 6566:. Traditional English dessert dishes include 6059:houses domestically. In the aftermath of the 3586: 3208:landscapes in calcite areas such as parts of 2976:2004 North East England devolution referendum 1623:and of France; the two powers clashed in the 951:. The earliest recorded use of the term, as " 22284:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 22255:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 18967: 18910: 18600: 17854:"England's Rose – The Official History" 17776:The Cult of Saint George in Medieval England 17464:. The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 September 2015 17202: 17200: 16079: 15800: 15681: 15679: 15109:. House of Commons Library. 31 January 2024. 15036: 14799: 13319: 13317: 12438: 11260: 11049: 11011: 10826: 10262:The Cruciform Brooch and Anglo-Saxon England 9327: 9325: 9323: 9321: 8925:both incorporated the flag of Saint George. 8886:. The English monarch paid a tribute to the 8878:The St George's Cross has been the national 8835:, and has produced several world champions. 5661:to which entrance is subject to passing the 5333:acting as its symbolic worldwide head. Many 5015:, recognised by the UK government under the 4941:. Since the late 1990s, many English people 2367:. Today England is governed directly by the 2167:, shared with the English, Scots and Welsh. 1188:, advancing agriculture (for instance, with 964:Ecclesiastical History of the English People 709:, of which it covers approximately 62%, and 22808:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 22250:Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands 20545: 19035: 17902: 17880:"Jason Cowley loves the Commonwealth Games" 17649:Asher, Richard; Hardy, Ed (5 August 2022). 17518:"Traditional Final: It's Nadal and Federer" 17031:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 16502:Statistical Yearbook 2011: 7.3 UK directors 16232: 16230: 15985: 15983: 15941: 15554: 15552: 15550: 15523: 15521: 15170: 15129:. November 2014. p. 17. Archived from 15008:"Independent Schools in the United Kingdom" 14952:"Secretary of State for Education – GOV.UK" 14866: 14864: 14862: 14810:"United Kingdom – History of the Flag" 14633:"In depth history of the Church of England" 14203: 13767: 13731: 13406: 13404: 13359: 13045:Castells, M.; Hall, P.; Hall, P.G. (2004). 12366: 12360: 12091: 12089: 12087: 12085: 11844: 11314: 11312: 10998: 10685:. Rowman & Littlefield publishers Inc. 10635:English Literature in the Sixteenth Century 10074: 9932: 9692: 8792:is a horse breed best known for its use in 8686:has been a full test nation in lieu of the 6770:. The 18th century saw the founding of the 6304: 5774:, are ranked among the top ten in the 2024 5528:have grown in numbers, due to immigration. 5321:. The monarch of the United Kingdom is the 4726:Department for Energy Security and Net Zero 4543:in London have become a symbol of England. 4412:has responsibility for science in England. 3357:, the most numerous bird species in England 2059:paved the way for the establishment of the 1236: 1053: 1043: 1011: 780:, which began during the 15th century. The 23397:English-speaking countries and territories 23068: 23054: 22518:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 22352: 22338: 22089: 22075: 20538: 20524: 19711: 19697: 19542: 19523: 19504: 19307:The English musical Renaissance, 1860–1940 18915:. Association for Industrial Archaeology. 18356: 17748:"St. George – England's Patron Saint" 17648: 17138:. Department of Culture, Media and Sport. 16706:"Facts and figures of the British Library" 16523:. The Telegraph. Retrieves 11 January 2015 16367: 16091: 15861: 15859: 15857: 15855: 15853: 15606: 15332: 14742:"An Independent Academic Study on Cornish" 14538:"Polish becomes England's second language" 14345:Government Offices for the English Regions 13329: 12281: 11689: 11475: 11291: 10780: 10711: 10709: 8718:cultural and geographical ties to Scotland 8427:to 1966 World Cup winning England captain 7845:in the UK, founded in 1822, receiving its 7560:who was well known for his patriotic song 7188:were main exponents, while the founder of 6833:is an organisation committed to the arts. 6715:discovered in 2009. Some of these blended 6656:, 1821, is an archetypal English painting. 6051:; the four-centred arch, now known as the 4441:, and many other trunk roads, such as the 4075:List of English inventions and discoveries 3593: 3579: 2946:; in Greater London only one such parish, 2355:, joined England and Scotland to form the 2217:, the United Kingdom was again one of the 1619:claimed to be legitimate claimants to the 947:region of what is now the German state of 83:Location of England (dark green) 76: 19342: 19304: 18929: 18732:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 18658:Kaufman, Will; Macpherson, Heidi (2005). 18521: 18086:Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable 17356: 17280: 17197: 17000: 16964: 16900:"Top 100 City Destinations: 2019 Edition" 16368:St. Pierre, Paul Matthew (1 April 2009). 16184:Recording Industry Association of America 16170: 15808:. english-heritage.org.uk. Archived from 15676: 15359: 15284: 15282: 15280: 14145: 14114: 14112: 14085: 14083: 14081: 14079: 13314: 13151: 13149: 13147: 12823: 12778:Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution 12586:"The Bank's relationship with Parliament" 11793: 11354: 11303: 11202: 11025:"Department of History – Napoleonic Wars" 10969: 10275: 10214: 10212: 9747: 9452: 9450: 9318: 8831:, the premier championship of motorcycle 8148: 8111:. Acclaimed for his motion capture work, 5988:were created; the best known include the 5323:supreme governor of the Church of England 4877:List of urban areas in the United Kingdom 4068: 3509:, while the wider United Kingdom has 66. 3388:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 2335:England is part of the United Kingdom, a 2292:in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 1966:in 1660, science was greatly encouraged. 1658:, a branch of the Lancastrians headed by 1303:culture prevail with the introduction of 1052:, related to the Welsh word for England, 939:that settled in Great Britain during the 19526:English Pageantry; An Historical Outline 19242: 18948: 18911:McNeil, Robina; Nevell, Michael (2000). 18797:Conqueror of smallpox: Dr. Edward Jenner 18559: 18438: 18205: 18124: 18039: 17982: 17819: 17330: 17286:"The first international football match" 16471:"Frankenstein: Behind the monster smash" 16451:London Symphony Orchestra and Film Music 16353:. British Film Institute. Archived from 16227: 16145: 16103: 16001: 15980: 15547: 15518: 15341: 15314: 15263:"The Prehistoric Sites of Great Britain" 15118: 15116: 14859: 14829: 14827: 14151: 13401: 12887: 12867: 12748:"Coal | Mines and quarries | MineralsUK" 12082: 11633: 11589: 11577: 11309: 11089:"Manchester – the first industrial city" 10864: 10510: 10452: 10117:The History of Progress in Great Britain 9833:. Edinburgh: Oliver, Boyd and Tweeddale. 9629:"What makes UK universities so popular?" 8993: 8927: 8823:was the first race in the newly created 8752: 8688:Great Britain national rugby league team 8575: 8414: 8294: 8196:Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites 8158: 8022:first performed film music in 1935. The 7886: 7761: 7594: 7172:, agrarian writers sought a way between 6888:, along with Christian writings such as 6846: 6659: 6642: 6419: 6189: 6110: 5936: 5632: 5355: 4896: 4880: 4761: 4668: 4487: 4178:helped spawn the Industrial Revolution. 4082: 3973:and petroleum from the English parts of 3949: 3887: 3407: 3348: 3140: 3019: 2993:; these are further divided into the 32 2886:; these posts are used to represent the 2512:judicial functions of the House of Lords 2463:countries and the United States (except 2439: 2359:. Before the union England was ruled by 2319: 2169: 2086: 2020: 1912:. The Parliamentarians were victorious, 1859: 1520: 1376: 1194: 1099: 476:130,310 km (50,310 sq mi) 466:132,932 km (51,325 sq mi) 19613: 19428: 19263: 19081: 19059: 18619: 18603:Reader's guide to literature in English 18457: 18313: 18294: 18164: 18058: 17963: 17939: 17146: 16236: 16043: 15850: 15687:"Traditional English Food Specialities" 15512: 15393:"The history of the house at Stourhead" 15326: 15237: 15037:Watson, Judith; Church, Andrew (2009). 14508: 14178: 14029:"One in four Britons claim Irish roots" 13924:"Australian Population: Ethnic Origins" 13517: 12912: 12558: 12337: 12335: 12333: 12331: 11946: 11330: 11168: 11150: 10981: 10945:"The first Parliament of Great Britain" 10706: 10617: 10522: 10506: 10024:"Dig uncovers Boudicca's brutal streak" 9816: 9753: 9299:, were still active in the isles. Also 9262:development in Dorset. Architects like 9009:featuring three lions, originated with 8176:Department for Culture, Media and Sport 7975:is often regarded as the first British 6518:Sausages are commonly eaten, either as 6424:English foods: clockwise from top left— 6150:. It also had a major influence on the 5371:traditionally takes place at the Abbey. 3957:manufacture luxury vehicles in England. 3015: 2402:of the British Parliament based at the 2351:, putting into effect the terms of the 1819:, but both were driven back by storms. 921:The name "England" is derived from the 427:Unification of Angles, Saxons and Danes 23384: 19564: 19507:Local Government in the United Kingdom 19405: 19383: 19326:Department for Transport annual report 19180: 19166: 19147: 19102: 18891: 18872: 18792: 18638: 18584:The Greek & Latin roots of English 18540: 18498: 18476: 18337: 18271: 18231:Britons: Forging the Nation, 1701–1837 18224: 18102: 18080: 18001: 17966:Introduction to historical linguistics 17515: 16972:"About the BBC – What is the BBC" 16756: 16334: 16318:. BBC News. Retrieved 13 December 2014 16055: 15974: 15962: 15950: 15594: 15558: 15494: 15415: 15413: 15353: 15277: 15024: 14926: 14255: 14109: 14076: 13494:"What is the 2008 Climate Change Act?" 13167: 13144: 12922:. English-Crafts.co.uk. Archived from 12875: 12797: 12780:. Cambridge University Press. p. 248. 12397: 12097:"What is the Climate like in Britain?" 12066:. nationalparks.gov.uk. Archived from 11838: 11811: 11557:"The Common Law in the British Empire" 11318: 11156: 10715: 10678: 10494: 10415: 10259: 10218: 10209: 10177: 10165: 10113: 9843: 9828: 9735: 9447: 9421: 9212: 9019:gules, three lions passant guardant or 9005:The Royal Arms of England, a national 8951:, and the Three Lions featured on the 8902:, a Pan-British flag designed by King 8567:England women's national football team 7982:Major film studios in England include 6275:, Welsh and French sources, featuring 5583:. 24.7% of people in England declared 5187:English language learning and teaching 4796:. It was based on the findings of the 3338: 2529:in Western Europe at 147 per 100,000. 1822: 1673: 1381:Replica of the 7th-century ceremonial 1342:, missionaries were sent from Rome by 23049: 22333: 22070: 21643: 20519: 20499: 19692: 19587: 19548:The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 6 19485: 19466: 19285: 19218: 18986: 18853: 18695: 18676: 18622:Political Ideologies: An Introduction 18581: 17851: 17845: 17495:Scotland is the home of golf ... 17309:. FIFA.com. Retrieved 15 January 2015 17240:. WorldSquash2008.com. Archived from 17047:"TV Licence Fee: facts & figures" 15989: 15777:"The Prehistoric Cave Art of England" 15717:from the original on 10 January 2022. 15660:. TheWorlds50Best.com. Archived from 15620:"What is England's national costume?" 15530:"King Arthur, 'Once and Future King'" 15500: 15176: 15113: 14824: 14535: 14454: 14118: 13980: 13518:Proctor, Darrell (24 November 2020). 13323: 13252:"Home page | Office of Rail and Road" 12994: 12871: 12846: 12614:. BankofEngland.co.uk. Archived from 12588:. BankofEngland.co.uk. Archived from 12367:O'Brian, Harriet (24 November 2007). 12297:Research records (formerly PastScape) 11799: 11755: 11348:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a029948 10788:"Oliver Cromwell (English statesman)" 10369: 10301: 10021: 8736:, is named after English businessman 8186:. 17 of the 25 United Kingdom UNESCO 7962:The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog 7028:are other established authors of the 6594:as well as sweet or spiced biscuits. 6260:, are among the best-known of these. 6127:, set an international trend for the 6123:Landscape gardening, as developed by 5379:. Since its reintroduction after the 4382:journals produced in England include 4162:, best known for the creation of the 3574: 3474: 2067:, a period of profound change in the 1884:was fought between the supporters of 1722:, and exploration intensified in the 357:, direct government exercised by the 69:National anthem of the United Kingdom 22523:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 19718: 19447: 19364: 19199: 18834: 18815: 18748: 18729: 18723:Institute for Public Policy Research 18641:King Arthur: myth-making and history 18375: 18183: 18020: 17772: 17266:. NRA-Rounders.co.uk. Archived from 17208:"Sheffield FC: 150 years of history" 16376:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 16212: 16067: 15644: 15582: 15570: 15249: 14938: 14697:from the original on 10 January 2022 14659:"Global Anglicanism at a Crossroads" 14394:"South West – Cornish Language" 14246:2011 Census. Retrieved 21 July 2015. 14133:from the original on 10 January 2022 13370: 12666:. DCMS. 9 March 2007. Archived from 12502:"The Global Financial Centres Index" 12328: 11930:. Environment Agency. Archived from 11392: 11203:Atterbury, Paul (17 February 2011). 11175:. Greenwood Publishing. p. 13. 10381: 10233: 10195:"Overview: Anglo-Saxons, 410 to 800" 10089: 9987: 9910:. A Geo East Project. Archived from 9679: 8698:, the present-day embodiment of the 8593:the second-largest stadium in Europe 5294:was unable to annul his marriage to 5212:. It is spoken by 0.1% of people in 4771:Social Insurance and Allied Services 4713:aims to play a key role in limiting 4150:England was a leading centre of the 3935:since 1946, is the United Kingdom's 2950:, exists as of 2014 after they were 2286:administration of the United Kingdom 2017:Late modern and contemporary periods 1738:. In contrast with much of European 19505:Wilson, David; Game, Chris (2002). 19249:. University Press of New England. 19133:. London: Oxford University Press. 19065:An outline of European architecture 18771: 18248: 17693: 17516:Clarey, Christopher (5 July 2008). 17371:"Cricket: Flaw Lord's out of order" 17368: 17172: 17065:"The Work of the BBC World Service" 17053:from the original on 27 April 2011. 16148:"The Guinness Book of Records 1999" 16115: 15410: 15201: 14878:. Statistics.gov.uk. Archived from 14781:"Cambridge History of Christianity" 13784:. statistics.gov.uk. Archived from 13376: 12894:Invention & Technology Magazine 12452:. statistics.gov.uk. Archived from 12398:Fenton, Trevor (12 December 2018). 12213:"Natural England: Designated sites" 12123:"Record high temperatures verified" 11954:"River Thames and London (England)" 11774:www.abcounties.com (26 June 2013). 11697:"New record high prison population" 11670:. HomeOffice.gov.uk. Archived from 11248: 11228:"Women: From Abolition to the Vote" 11008:Office for National Statistics 2000 10429:"Norman invasion word impact study" 9484:"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography" 9205:are somewhat of an anomaly in that 8867: 8506:. It has helped the development of 7608:Birmingham Triennial Music Festival 6007:Throughout the Plantagenet era, an 5723: 4587:network in two English cities: the 3548:, so there are smaller cities like 3367:National nature reserves in England 3028:located in the English counties of 2504:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 2095:was a naval engagement between the 1920:. Leader of the Parliament forces, 1571:inherited the English throne under 1184:allowed the construction of better 835:in the English-speaking world: the 811:(which served as the basis for the 13: 16351:"The Directors' Top Ten Directors" 15891: 15753:. Icons of England. Archived from 15367:"Architects to hear Prince appeal" 14840:. Goldsmiths.ac.uk. Archived from 14288:"QS205EW – Proficiency in English" 14258:"English: Not America's Language?" 14152:Shepherd, Jessica (22 June 2011). 14091:"British Immigration Map Revealed" 13653:"BBC History on William Beveridge" 13422:"RenewableUK News website article" 13343:. 23 February 2011. Archived from 13196:"Runcorn New Town – 7.3 Transport" 12968: 12920:"English Inventors and Inventions" 12640:. EconomyWatch.com. Archived from 11487:"Devolution in the United Kingdom" 11336:Publius: The Journal of Federalism 10892:"London's Burning: The Great Fire" 10395:"Overview: The Normans, 1066–1154" 10267: 9254:represent the modernist movement, 8700:Rugby Football League Championship 8684:England national rugby league team 8559:most watched television event ever 8237:and is one of the world's largest 8178:. A non-governmental charity, the 7403:Problems playing these files? See 7318: 7299: 6837:Literature, poetry, and philosophy 6801:were major landscape artists. The 6322:to commemorate the foiling of the 5270:History of Christianity in England 4967:origins in the Indian subcontinent 4547:offers cycling routes nationally. 4352:Royal Institution of Great Britain 3315:and the warming of the sea by the 3038:Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty 2970:for the London Region created the 2475:, as a separate legal system from 2284:. Since the late 20th century the 1438:(664), which was ostensibly about 1358:, Britain was left exposed by the 1262: 1048:". A romantic name for England is 1042:name for the English language is " 825:parliamentary system of government 815:systems of many other countries), 89: (green & dark grey) 14: 23428: 22359: 19637: 19269:A dictionary of political thought 19129:English Local Government Reformed 18276:Normans: The History of a Dynasty 17214:. 24 October 2007. Archived from 16655:. 15 January 2009. Archived from 16649:"250 Years of the British Museum" 16331:p. 24. Retrieved 3 February 2011. 16135:from the original on 14 May 2017. 14536:Booth, Robert (30 January 2013). 14455:Dugan, Emily (6 September 2009). 14256:Mujica, Mauro E. (19 June 2003). 14066:"Population of England and Wales" 13049:. London: Routledge. pp. 98–100. 12559:Willems, Michiel (20 June 2021). 10917:"The History Press | The Stuarts" 10833:. Cengage Learning. p. 340. 10583: 10192: 9863:. Current Publishing. 24 May 2007 9577:"Country profile: United Kingdom" 9538: 9197:in 1999 denoted their origins as 8979:tree is a symbol of England: the 6479:, grilled tomatoes, fried bread, 6055:, was a defining feature as were 5671:Office for Standards in Education 5557:Neopaganism in the United Kingdom 5521:, and were allowed back in 1656. 5369:coronation of the British monarch 4893:, colour-coded to show population 4773:served as the basis for the post- 3079:. England also has shores on the 2391:, this has not been carried out. 1868:restored the monarchy under King 1794:, England also competed with the 1419:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain 1058:, and made popular by its use in 749:, the population was 56,490,048. 711:over 100 smaller adjacent islands 705:. It is located on the island of 16:Country within the United Kingdom 22508:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 20502: 19673: 19429:Webster, Frederick A.M. (1937). 18894:A Book of the Beginnings, Vol. 1 17910:"The Great Saint George Revival" 17872: 17793: 17766: 17740: 17710: 17687: 17661: 17642: 17612: 17586: 17574: 17547: 17535: 17509: 17500: 17481:official website. Archived from 17467: 17455: 17433: 17419: 17393: 17362: 17350: 17324: 17312: 17300: 17274: 17256: 17230: 17142:from the original on 5 May 2011. 17128: 17107: 17089: 17057: 17049:. BBC Press Office. April 2010. 17039: 16948:. Media Newsline. Archived from 16917: 16873: 16851: 16819: 16794: 16776: 16750: 16728: 16698: 16671: 16641: 16619: 16590: 16565: 16554:. 15 August 2010. Archived from 16538: 16526: 16514: 16495: 16484:"Life of Brian tops comedy poll" 16477: 16463: 16444: 16428:. Ealing Studios. Archived from 16418: 16392: 16361: 16343: 16321: 16316:"The circus comes to the Circus" 16309: 16292: 16267: 16242: 16218: 16206: 16176: 16164: 16139: 16121: 16109: 16097: 16085: 16073: 16061: 16049: 16037: 16007: 15995: 15968: 15956: 15916: 15885: 15824: 15794: 15769: 15743: 15721: 15701: 15650: 15638: 15612: 15600: 15588: 15576: 15564: 15527: 15506: 15476: 15451: 15446:Jardins, potagers et labyrinthes 15438: 15385: 15347: 15320: 15308: 15255: 15243: 15231: 15177:Hoyle, Ben (23 September 2007). 15148: 15069: 15030: 15018: 15000: 14983: 14962: 14944: 14932: 14920: 14773: 14734: 14709: 14677: 14651: 14625: 14603: 14581: 14555: 14529: 14509:Lipsett, Anthea (26 June 2008). 14502: 14448: 14412: 14386: 14337: 14311: 14264:. Washington, DC. Archived from 14249: 14233: 14179:Leppard, David (10 April 2005). 14172: 14119:Paton, Graeme (1 October 2007). 14021: 13974: 13956:"Inmigración británica en Chile" 13948: 13915: 13889: 13863: 13814:. United Nations. Archived from 13800: 13706: 13670: 13645: 13619: 13587: 13562: 13537: 13511: 13486: 13460: 13432: 13292: 13274: 13244: 13218: 13119: 13086: 13060: 13039: 13013: 12988: 12962: 12861: 12852: 12840: 12791: 12770: 12740: 12708: 12682: 12656: 12630: 12604: 12578: 12552: 12526: 12494: 12468: 12413: 12391: 12310: 12256: 12231: 12205: 12184: 12158: 12140: 12115: 12099:. Woodlands Kent. Archived from 12064:"National Parks – About us" 12056: 12034: 12001: 11920: 11898: 11882:. EuroTunnel.com. Archived from 11872: 11832: 11812:Cooper, Hilary (29 March 2011). 11805: 11767: 11715: 11657: 11639: 11627: 11559:. H-net.msu.edu. 19 October 2000 11389:Kenny, English & Hayton 2008 11288:Clark, Steed & Marshall 1973 10863:. BBC. Retrieved 6 August 2008; 10629:From the 1944 Clark lectures by 10590:. Forgotten Books. p. 176. 10316:10.1179/174581711X13103897378311 10022:Burke, Jason (2 December 2000). 9831:The Principles of Gaelic Grammar 9541:A Brief History of Great Britain 9295:and his nephews of the Scottish 9277: 9240: 9230: 9221: 9171: 9085: 9071: 9049:are often considered unofficial 8769:in 1990. The circuit hosted the 7996:highest-grossing film franchises 7388: 7370: 7352: 7334: 6908:. Following the Norman conquest 6463:. Other prominent meals include 5675:Independent Schools Inspectorate 5673:, and in private schools by the 5616:Secretary of State for Education 4794:National Health Service Act 1946 4539:Busway opening in 1971. The red 4477:from London to South Wales, the 4473:which encircles Manchester, the 4432:Secretary of State for Transport 4268:. Newton developed the ideas of 4187:Liverpool and Manchester Railway 3216:. The Pennine landscape is high 2890:locally. Some counties, such as 2859:consist of up to four levels of 2578: 2572: 2424:Green Party of England and Wales 2369:Parliament of the United Kingdom 2330:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1916:and the kingdom replaced by the 1697: 1682: 1575:, adding England to the budding 1346:at the request of the chieftain 385:Parliament of the United Kingdom 40: 21646:Countries of the United Kingdom 20746:Countries of the United Kingdom 18696:Keary, Charles Francis (1882). 18543:Education in the United Kingdom 18400:The New Encyclopædia Britannica 18297:The Kings and Queens of England 17932: 17750:. Britannia.com. Archived from 17671:. 24 March 2016. Archived from 17427:"Father of the modern Olympics" 16757:Youngs, Ian (31 October 2002). 15869:. Tiscali.co.uk. Archived from 15834:. Tiscali.co.uk. Archived from 15292:. Castles.me.uk. Archived from 14217:. 23 April 2014. Archived from 13981:Burke, Jason (9 October 2005). 13600:Environmental Performance Index 12716:"Economy of the United Kingdom" 12478:. London.gov.uk. Archived from 12150:. MetOffice.com. Archived from 11780:Association of British Counties 11595: 11583: 11571: 11549: 11523: 11501: 11450: 11434: 11382: 11324: 11297: 11281: 11261:Golley, John (10 August 1996). 11254: 11219: 11162: 11137: 11107: 11043: 11017: 10975: 10909: 10884: 10854: 10820: 10807: 10749: 10743: 10727:. UK Parliament. Archived from 10672: 10647: 10623: 10558: 10528: 10500: 10458: 10421: 10409: 10387: 10338: 10286: 10227: 10092:"Architecture in Roman Britain" 10083: 10068: 10054:"Cornelius Tacitus, The Annals" 10046: 10015: 9994:. James Lorimer & Company. 9981: 9960: 9938: 9875: 9849: 9837: 9822: 9810: 9783: 9729: 9704: 9647: 9621: 9591: 9569: 9532: 9502: 9162: 9148: 8987:commemorate the escape of King 7330:Thomas Tallis' "Lamentations I" 7068:was the best-known poet of the 6313:History of the Kings of Britain 6071:being particularly championed. 5853: 5587:, compared with 14.6% in 2001. 5461:The patron saint of England is 5234:at home, the most common being 5029:Languages of the United Kingdom 4840:countries of the United Kingdom 4738:Environmental Performance Index 4566:rail transport in Great Britain 4558:, which was completed in 1994. 4535:originated in England with the 4493:London St Pancras International 3601:Largest conurbations in England 3459:, which is the most successful 2540: 2373:countries of the United Kingdom 2202:enabled legislative reform and 2082:Stockton and Darlington Railway 1227:, arrived from Central Europe. 1082:For a chronological guide, see 23083:Ceremonial counties of England 22951:Northern Ireland Sign Language 22220:British Indian Ocean Territory 20741:Counties of the United Kingdom 19290:. Concept Publishing Company. 19011:Office for National Statistics 18953:. Cambridge University Press. 18359:Beatrix Potter to Harry Potter 18257:. Cambridge University Press. 18210:. Cambridge University Press. 18169:. Cambridge University Press. 18167:Anglo-Saxon England, Volume 12 17779:. Boydell Press. p. 149. 17696:"Part relishes Taylor triumph" 17583:BBC. Retrieved 11 October 2011 17475:"Scotland is the home of golf" 15782:. ArchaeologyDataService.ac.uk 14872:Office for National Statistics 14293:Office for National Statistics 14244:Office for National Statistics 13845:Office for National Statistics 13778:Office for National Statistics 13748:. 3 March 2008. Archived from 12888:Wohleber, Curt (Spring 2006). 12446:Office for National Statistics 12407:Office for National Statistics 12343:"2011 Census – Built-up areas" 11762:Redcliffe-Maud & Wood 1974 11665:"Crime over the last 25 years" 11027:. 28 July 2014. Archived from 9462:Office for National Statistics 9433:Office for National Statistics 9406:Office for National Statistics 9345:Office for National Statistics 9136: 9127: 9118: 8959:as a symbol of peace. It is a 8825:Formula One World Championship 8535:England national football team 7969:genre in film, while his 1929 7483:are of English origin such as 6872:wrote in Latin. The period of 6733:Benedictional of St. Æthelwold 6624: 6366:associated with cockneys, the 5418:. It gained popularity in the 5252:British Sign Language Act 2022 5244:Office for National Statistics 4788:(NHS), is the publicly funded 4689:emissions. Notably, the UK is 2897:The second tier is made up of 2849:Ceremonial counties of England 2519:Secretary of State for Justice 1366: 935:". The Angles were one of the 1: 19658: – English tourist board 19595:The Idea of English Ethnicity 18361:. National Portrait Gallery. 17542:Kaufman & Macpherson 2005 17369:Fay, Stephen (21 June 1998). 17321:. BBC. Retrieved 25 June 2015 14783:. Hugh McLeod. Archived from 13603:. 3 June 2020. Archived from 12721:. PTeducation. Archived from 11928:"Severn Bore and Trent Aegir" 9311: 9106:Outline of the United Kingdom 9039:(used for England during the 8783:Marquess of Queensberry Rules 8549:, England hosted and won the 7589:Music for the Royal Fireworks 7535:God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen 7523:We Wish You a Merry Christmas 7504:London Bridge Is Falling Down 6882:and the secular prose of the 6558:, have been created, such as 6511:(usually eaten cold) and the 6256:, and their battles with the 5833:are fee-paying institutions. 5807:The King's School, Canterbury 4989:. 4.0% of the population are 4856: 4845: 4825:Nursing and Midwifery Council 4817:Secretary of State for Health 4751: 4740:. A law has been passed that 4232:; the first successful human 3985:and alcoholic beverages. The 2304: 2034: 1498:in 1013 and again by his son 1089: 803:England is the origin of the 768:. It takes its name from the 21513:Universal basic income (UBI) 19569:The Christian Travel Planner 19152:. Rowman & Littlefield. 18987:Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2002). 18586:. Rowman & Littlefield. 18066:. Rowman & Littlefield. 17718:"Phil Taylor player profile" 17001:Newswire7 (13 August 2009). 16759:"The art of Turner protests" 15107:commonslibrary.parliament.uk 15083:. publications.parliament.uk 14484:Cornish Language Partnership 14351:. gos.gov.uk. Archived from 13958:. Galeon.com. Archived from 13873:. Bnet. 2001. Archived from 13678:"NHS Expenditure in England" 13116:(last checked 11 March 2023) 11985:. Met Office. Archived from 11750:Encyclopædia Britannica 2002 11608:. DCA.gov.uk. Archived from 10947:. Parliament. Archived from 10536:"Richard III (r. 1483–1485)" 10431:. BBC News. 20 February 2008 10276:Kortlandt, Frederik (2018). 10221:Early Christian Christianity 10075:Goldsworthy, Adrian (2016). 9857:"500,000 BC – Boxgrove" 9659:Times Higher Education (THE) 8829:Grand Prix motorcycle racing 8589:UEFA Women's Euro 2022 final 8045:international co-productions 8040:Monty Python's Life of Brian 7883:Cinema of the United Kingdom 7855:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 6574:– all generally served with 6415:best restaurant in the world 6146:, the gardens of the future 5777:QS World University Rankings 5623:Early Years Foundation Stage 5598: 5559:is primarily represented by 5286:, which left communion with 4665:Energy in the United Kingdom 4469:which encircles London, the 4415: 3919:, the United Kingdom's main 3487:Greater London Built-up Area 3467:, and other animals such as 3004: 2531:His Majesty's Prison Service 2487:– to the facts before them. 2186:to show cultural divisions. 2063:. Domestically it drove the 1428:reintroduced by missionaries 1360:end of Roman rule in Britain 1287:. Later, an uprising led by 989:went "out of Scotlande into 823:branch of Christianity; its 741:lies to the south-east, and 7: 22214:British Antarctic Territory 21518:Water supply and sanitation 21217:Weapons of mass destruction 21202:His Majesty's Naval Service 20508:Articles related to England 20251:English language in England 20246:Innovations and discoveries 19970:Postwar Britain (1945–1979) 19678:Geographic data related to 19524:Withington, Robert (2008). 19450:Underachievement in schools 19185:. Oxford University Press. 19173:The New American Cyclopædia 19148:Reitan, Earl Aaron (2003). 18934:. Oxford University Press. 18778:. Oxford University Press. 18601:Hawkins-Dady, Mark (1996). 18522:Gallagher, Michael (2006). 18460:London: a musical gazetteer 18342:. Oxford University Press. 18208:Two lives of Saint Cuthbert 18189:The Life of William Cobbett 18044:. Oxford University Press. 17858:Museum of Rugby, Twickenham 16859:"Ten years of free museums" 16460:LSO. Retrieved 30 June 2011 16426:"History of Ealing Studios" 16406:. London. 11 September 2007 16306:Retrieved 18 February 2011. 14693:. London. 9 February 2008. 13021:"Metric system was British" 12612:"Monetary Policy Committee" 11535:The People's Law Dictionary 11169:Haggard, Robert F. (2001). 10984:"The Workshop of the World" 10861:"Democracy Live: Black Rod" 10682:Roanak:the abandoned colony 10079:. Hachette UK. p. 276. 9716:Online Etymology Dictionary 9680:Park, Neil (24 June 2020). 9655:"World University Rankings" 9579:. BBC News. 26 October 2009 9064: 8874:National symbols of England 8748:the Wimbledon Championships 8614:series between England and 8291:Media in the United Kingdom 7806:festival celebrated by the 7788:Reading and Leeds Festivals 7612:English Musical Renaissance 7312:Music of the United Kingdom 6179: 6174:Royal Horticultural Society 6085:during Victorian period, a 6009:English Gothic architecture 5960:Early medieval architecture 5882:there was a development of 5878:. With the introduction of 5365:English Gothic architecture 5257: 5033:English language in England 5022: 4951:significant Irish migration 4742:UK greenhouse gas emissions 4711:UK government energy policy 4311:, joint development of the 3867:Chancellor of the Exchequer 3204:, and also coal. There are 2999:Wards of the City of London 2527:highest incarceration rates 2469:Courts of England and Wales 2459:legal systems used in most 2309: 2278:European Economic Community 2251:local government in England 2247:publicly funded health care 2155:. The major victory at the 1959:State Opening of Parliament 1718:, England began to develop 1555:themselves originated from 1356:decline of the Roman Empire 1129:only large mammals such as 1084:Timeline of English history 931:, which means "land of the 910: 878:. The country's capital is 839:, founded in 1096, and the 833:the two oldest universities 733:to the south-west, and the 713:. It has land borders with 513:438/km (1,134.4/sq mi) 10: 23433: 21613:Stereotypes of the British 19550:. University of Michigan. 19067:. University of Michigan. 18930:Molyneaux, George (2015). 18839:. University of Michigan. 18793:Levine, Israel E. (1960). 18753:The Arthurian Encyclopedia 18679:The earliest English kings 18567:. Stamford: Paul Watkins. 18565:The Black Death in England 18526:. London: Franklin Watts. 18402:. University of Michigan. 18357:Eccleshare, Julia (2002). 18206:Colgrave, Bertram (1985). 18146:; Marshall, Sally (1973). 18125:Chappell, William (1966). 17852:Smith, Jed (3 June 2005). 17669:"Inside MotoGP™ · History" 17581:Red Rum: Aintree favourite 17443:. Rugbyfootballhistory.com 16190:. riaa.com. Archived from 15448:, Mondatori Electra, Milan 14319:"English language history" 13714:"NHS costs and exemptions" 11447:]. Retrieved 13 April 2021 8971:. It is also known as the 8871: 8652:. England competes in the 8408: 8322:owned and operated by the 8288: 8155:List of museums in England 8152: 7880: 7508:The Grand Old Duke of York 7486:Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary 7309: 7303: 7220:. Authors from around the 6963:Revelations of Divine Love 6840: 6807:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 6687:pieces, most prominent in 6634: 6628: 6385: 6381: 6293:Knights of the Round Table 6271:. These were derived from 6183: 6172:is held every year by the 6144:Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg 6104: 6100: 6093:. Since the 1930s various 5880:Ancient Roman architecture 5846: 5840: 5836: 5789:London School of Economics 5690:Further education colleges 5602: 5430:, and among tin miners in 5267: 5261: 5026: 4866: 4860: 4849: 4755: 4721:through changes in costs. 4662: 4621:Nottingham Express Transit 4465:from London to Leeds, the 4419: 4072: 3850: 3846: 3478: 3419:. The park was created by 3342: 3286: 3282: 3173:in the Lake District. The 3008: 2974:two years later. A failed 2550: 2544: 2433: 2313: 2145:invade from the south-east 1902:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1826: 1373:England in the Middle Ages 1370: 1273:conquering much of Britain 1093: 1081: 1075: 1071: 914: 891:, and conurbations in the 393:House of Commons 18: 23412:United Kingdom by country 23093: 22968: 22933: 22895: 22857: 22834: 22827: 22820: 22768: 22710: 22694: 22679: 22622: 22547: 22540: 22500: 22472: 22429: 22422: 22367: 22313: 22297: 22188: 22143: 22105: 22028: 21929: 21830: 21778:First Minister and deputy 21743: 21656: 21652: 21639: 21635: 21536: 21376: 21367: 21325: 21242: 21233: 21192: 21133: 21002: 20998: 20989: 20851: 20779: 20731: 20727: 20718: 20651: 20563: 20554: 20513: 20464: 20388: 20303: 20181: 20177: 20168: 20124: 20115: 20063: 20054: 20024: 19988: 19962: 19929: 19871: 19840: 19792: 19736: 19727: 19391:. International society. 18835:Lyon, Bryce Dale (1960). 18462:. Yale University Press. 18439:Fafinski, Stefan (2007). 18234:. Yale University Press. 18064:The Anglosphere Challenge 18040:Bartlett, Robert (1999). 18004:Politics: an introduction 17964:Arlotto, Anthony (1971). 17429:. BBC. 22 September 2017. 17331:UEFA.com (31 July 2022). 16904:Euromonitor International 16456:30 September 2011 at the 15484:"RHS Chelsea Flower Show" 15077:United Kingdom Parliament 15055:10.1080/02690940903166971 14765:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 12800:"Isambard Kingdom Brunel" 12293:"Richmond Park (397979)" 12013:. Joseph J. Hobbs. 2008. 11143:Bennet, Geoffrey (2004). 10921:www.thehistorypress.co.uk 10721:"Making the Act of Union" 10466:"Edward I (r. 1272–1307)" 10346:"The Christian Tradition" 9991:Inventions and Trade. P.8 9948:. University of Cambridge 9796:Oxford English Dictionary 9046:I Vow to Thee, My Country 8682:in 1895. Since 2008, the 8656:, held every four years. 8320:international broadcaster 8079:. Current actors include 8035:BFI Top 100 British films 8020:London Symphony Orchestra 7876: 7863:London Symphony Orchestra 7464:Pastime with Good Company 6999:A Midsummer Night's Dream 6920:Middle English literature 6809:, led by artists such as 6582:. Sweet pastries include 6471:(generally consisting of 6307:Historia Regum Britanniae 5772:University College London 4891:non-metropolitan counties 4709:target set by a country. 4707:climate change mitigation 4658: 4551:Rail transport in England 4373:, with many establishing 3945:Monetary Policy Committee 3610: 3481:List of places in England 3433:temperate oceanic climate 3423:in the 17th century as a 3134:, within the aptly named 2961: 2571: 2498:for civil cases, and the 2253:in the mid-20th century. 680: 668: 658: 646: 622: 604: 585: 575: 565: 551: 547: 537: 527: 517: 507: 497: 487: 480: 470: 460: 453: 449: 436: 423: 419: 412: 408: 404: 390: 383: 368: 364: 347: 313: 301: 231: 176: 166: 156: 112: 102: 75: 55: 37: 30: 23158:East Riding of Yorkshire 22793:Kingdom of Great Britain 22289:Turks and Caicos Islands 21406:Environmental inequality 20330:The Football Association 19565:Wright, Kevin J (2008). 19490:. Taylor & Francis. 19309:. Taylor & Francis. 19305:Stradling, R.A. (1993). 18991:A to Z of STS scientists 18968:O'Hanlon, Ardal (2008). 18949:Norbrook, David (2000). 18877:. Kessinger Publishing. 18820:. Taylor & Francis. 18775:The Great Song Thesaurus 18620:Heywood, Andrew (2007). 18605:. Taylor & Francis. 18524:The United Kingdom Today 18499:Fowler, Kenneth (1967). 17377:. London. Archived from 15209:"FT Global MBA Rankings" 15185:. London. Archived from 14463:. London. Archived from 14187:. London. Archived from 13739:"Budget 2008, Chapter C" 13685:House of Commons Library 13631:Institute for Government 12375:. London. Archived from 12192:"Natural History Museum" 12010:World Regional Geography 11418:. London. Archived from 11050:McNeil & Nevell 2000 11012:McNeil & Nevell 2000 10587:England Under the Tudors 10260:Martin, Toby F. (2015). 10219:Lehane, Brendan (1968). 10030:. London. Archived from 9510:"England – Culture" 9111: 9051:English national anthems 8967:and the red rose of the 8636:. London has hosted the 8618:, contested since 1882. 8404: 8284: 7965:(1926) helped shape the 6129:English landscape garden 5811:King's School, Rochester 5611:Department for Education 5363:is a notable example of 5331:Archbishop of Canterbury 4715:greenhouse gas emissions 4428:Department for Transport 4181:The Father of Railways, 3877:. Usually regarded as a 3098:lie on the tidal rivers 2956:allowed their recreation 2502:for criminal cases. The 2477:the one used in Scotland 2357:Kingdom of Great Britain 2213:. Two decades later, in 2129:William Pitt the Younger 2084:– opened to the public. 2011:Kingdom of Great Britain 1995:Prince William of Orange 1892:, known colloquially as 1809:Lord Howard of Effingham 1664:Battle of Bosworth Field 1549:Duke William of Normandy 1297:Battle of Watling Street 798:Kingdom of Great Britain 788:on 1 May 1707, when the 21:England (disambiguation) 19815:History of Anglo-Saxons 19243:Saunders, Paul (1982). 19225:Elizabethan Renaissance 19202:Placenames of the World 19150:The Thatcher Revolution 19019:Stationery Office Books 18892:Massey, Gerald (2007). 18873:Marden, Orison (2003). 18458:Foreman, Susan (2005). 18422:Encyclopædia Britannica 18418:Encyclopædia Britannica 18396:Encyclopædia Britannica 18280:. Hambledon Continuum. 18191:. Home & Van Thal. 18165:Clemoes, Peter (2007). 18129:. New York: AMS Press. 18088:. Wordsworth Editions. 18002:Axford, Barrie (2002). 17983:Atkinson, T.D. (2008). 17949:. Chatto & Windus. 17773:Good, Jonathan (2009). 17555:"Top 20 British Boxers" 17097:"News in your language" 16684:Encyclopædia Britannica 15832:"Early Middle Ages Art" 15806:"Aldborough Roman Site" 15729:"Catherine of Braganza" 14321:. Yaelf. Archived from 14240:QS204EW – Main language 13341:The Wall Street Journal 13302:. BBC. 11 February 2020 13072:University of Cambridge 12975:Encyclopædia Britannica 11958:London Evening Standard 11857:Encyclopædia Britannica 11145:The Battle of Trafalgar 11119:www.mayfairoffice.co.uk 11055:Birmingham City Council 10877:Encyclopædia Britannica 10793:Encyclopædia Britannica 10114:Philip, Robert (1860). 9701:. Accessed 31 May 2013. 9599:"Industrial Revolution" 9124:Englishman/Englishwoman 9041:2002 Commonwealth Games 8817:1950 British Grand Prix 8117:The Imaginarium Studios 7139:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 6914:Anglo-Norman literature 6876:provided the epic poem 6671:John William Waterhouse 6364:Pearly Kings and Queens 6354:in Leicestershire, and 6170:RHS Chelsea Flower Show 6140:French landscape garden 5768:Imperial College London 5760:University of Cambridge 5526:former British colonies 4852:Demographics of England 4821:General Medical Council 4786:National Health Service 4702:Climate Change Act 2008 4641:Canal & River Trust 4570:Office of Rail and Road 4391:British Medical Journal 4371:universities of England 4212:; the first industrial 4160:Isambard Kingdom Brunel 3933:state-owned institution 3118:and is notable for its 2857:subdivisions of England 2547:Subdivisions of England 2446:Royal Courts of Justice 2343:. There has not been a 2337:constitutional monarchy 2243:National Health Service 2076:in 1761 ushered in the 1666:where the Yorkist king 953: 927: 841:University of Cambridge 499:• 2021 census 355:constitutional monarchy 22225:British Virgin Islands 21292:Science and technology 20141:Elizabethan government 20006:Kingdom of East Anglia 20001:Kingdom of Northumbria 19435:. London: Ward, Lock. 19367:Britishness Since 1870 19324:UK Parliament (2007). 19125:; Wood, Bruce (1974). 19103:Rankov, Boris (1994). 19082:Pollard, A.J. (2004). 19045:. Carroll & Graf. 19042:Origins of the British 18624:. Palgrave Macmillan. 18582:Green, Tamara (2003). 18338:Downes, Kerry (2007). 18323:. The Overlook Press. 18320:The Stories of English 18272:Crouch, David (2006). 18150:. Stockport: Redrose. 17694:BBC (6 January 2003). 16736:"The National Gallery" 16473:. BBC. 1 January 2018. 16327:Hamilton, John (2000) 16146:Kynaston, Nic (1998). 15421:"Gardens through time" 15265:. Stone-Circles.org.uk 15010:. 2009. Archived from 14717:"The Methodist Church" 14486:. 2009. Archived from 12995:Caroe, Gwendy (1985). 12798:Spratt, H. P. (1958). 11860:. britannica.com. 2009 11537:. ALM Media Properties 11489:. cabinetoffice.gov.uk 11292:Wilson & Game 2002 11205:"Victorian Technology" 10679:Ordahl, Karen (2007). 9036:Land of Hope and Glory 9002: 8940: 8938:national floral emblem 8804:, is held annually at 8774: 8624:2019 Cricket World Cup 8596: 8537:, whose home venue is 8431: 8303: 8168: 8165:Natural History Museum 8149:Sites and institutions 7904: 7859:Philharmonia Orchestra 7851:BBC Symphony Orchestra 7839:Royal Academy of Music 7771: 7636:Ralph Vaughan Williams 7616:Royal College of Music 7603: 7566:George Frideric Handel 7323: 7094: 6978:, whose works include 6874:Old English literature 6864:Early authors such as 6861: 6815:Dante Gabriel Rossetti 6750:, and natives such as 6699:. With the arrival of 6678: 6657: 6578:; and, more recently, 6495:are consumed, such as 6469:full English breakfast 6440: 6305: 6205: 6120: 5956: 5793:London Business School 5756:England's universities 5642: 5372: 4993:, from Africa and the 4902: 4894: 4781: 4682: 4562:Great British Railways 4504: 4284:his eponymously named 4096: 4069:Science and technology 3958: 3915:. London, home to the 3896: 3881:, it has adopted many 3507:city status in England 3505:which have designated 3428: 3358: 3158: 3041: 2448: 2429: 2332: 2276:initiative called the 2233:'s development of the 2187: 2163:and a united national 2104: 2053:British overseas trade 2049:Scottish Enlightenment 2040: 1914:Charles I was executed 1877: 1540: 1389: 1387:Kingdom of East Anglia 1237: 1208: 1112: 1054: 1044: 1034: 1012: 22941:British Sign Language 22786:Principality of Wales 22630:Bailiwick of Guernsey 22513:British–Irish Council 22501:Political cooperation 22482:Bailiwick of Guernsey 22198:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 22153:Bailiwick of Guernsey 22107:Constituent countries 21269:Free trade agreements 20347:Rugby Football League 19830:Settlement of Britain 19573:. Thomas Nelson Inc. 19486:White, Peter (2002). 19406:Watson, John (1985). 19328:. Stationery Office. 19200:Room, Adrian (2006). 19107:. Osprey Publishing. 18995:. Facts on File Inc. 18856:History in Quotations 18749:Lacy, Norris (1986). 18702:. C Scribner's Sons. 18541:Gearon, Liam (2002). 18443:. Pearson Education. 18295:Crofton, Ian (2007). 18127:The Roxburghe Ballads 18021:Ball, Martin (1993). 17946:London: the biography 17264:"History of the Game" 17160:. UK. 10 October 2008 16577:UNESCO World Heritage 16188:"Top Selling Artists" 16131:. BBC. 15 July 2019. 15924:"About the RSA – RSA" 15689:. TravelSignPosts.com 15459:"Gardens & parks" 14970:"National Curriculum" 11226:Crawford, Elizabeth. 10659:Spartacus Educational 10637:(Oxford, 1954) p. 1, 10350:PicturesofEngland.com 10278:"Relative Chronology" 10234:Dark, Ken R. (2003). 10135:Medicine through time 9988:Reid, Struan (1994). 9829:Forbes, John (1848). 9488:Open Geography Portal 9371:Open Geography Portal 9246:While people such as 9093:United Kingdom portal 9057:is 23 April which is 9011:Richard the Lionheart 9000:Royal Arms of England 8997: 8953:Royal Arms of England 8931: 8918:'s standards and the 8860:, a regatta, and the 8756: 8730:The Open Championship 8694:. Club sides play in 8630:William Penny Brookes 8620:Lord's Cricket Ground 8585:England football team 8579: 8573:, hosted by England. 8533:of these sports. The 8418: 8298: 8162: 8153:Further information: 7894:as T. E. Lawrence in 7890: 7812:Notting Hill Carnival 7765: 7598: 7414:folk music of England 7322: 7306:Folk music of England 7304:Further information: 7170:Industrial Revolution 7089: 7062:Divine Right of Kings 6885:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 6850: 6831:Royal Society of Arts 6793:In the 19th century, 6691:, Northumberland and 6663: 6646: 6580:sticky toffee pudding 6570:or other fruit pies; 6423: 6402:Industrial Revolution 6258:Sheriff of Nottingham 6193: 6156:English country house 6142:, and as far away as 6114: 6075:Georgian architecture 5940: 5847:Further information: 5636: 5401:Doctors of the Church 5381:Catholic Emancipation 5359: 5268:Further information: 5248:British Sign Language 5027:Further information: 4908:country by population 4900: 4884: 4765: 4758:Healthcare in England 4672: 4491: 4459:Anglo-Scottish border 4325:precision engineering 4270:universal gravitation 4193:(business partner of 4166:, a series of famous 4164:Great Western Railway 4156:Industrial Revolution 4152:Scientific Revolution 4086: 3953: 3917:London Stock Exchange 3891: 3631:Principal settlement 3411: 3352: 3177:are near Wales while 3144: 3090:The ports of London, 3023: 2496:High Court of Justice 2471:continued, under the 2443: 2404:Palace of Westminster 2365:Parliament of England 2347:since 1707, when the 2345:government of England 2326:Palace of Westminster 2323: 2173: 2109:Industrial Revolution 2090: 2065:Industrial Revolution 2024: 1928:in 1653; a period of 1863: 1851:King of Great Britain 1827:Further information: 1609:Principality of Wales 1524: 1406:Battle of Mount Badon 1380: 1198: 1103: 974:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 943:. They came from the 829:Industrial Revolution 23085: → 22560:Islands of the Clyde 22316:Sovereign Base Areas 22190:Overseas territories 21618:World Heritage Sites 21411:Environmental issues 21115:Female party leaders 20756:Overseas territories 20364:Rugby Football Union 20032:House of Plantagenet 19286:Singh, Udai (2009). 19181:Rogers, Pat (2001). 19123:Redcliffe-Maud, John 19105:The Praetorian Guard 19085:Imagining Robin Hood 19037:Oppenheimer, Stephen 18875:Home Lover's Library 18854:Major, John (2004). 18677:Kirby, D.P. (2000). 18441:English legal system 18376:Else, David (2007). 18023:The Celtic Languages 17985:English Architecture 17968:. Houghton Mifflin. 17630:on 22 September 2013 17270:on 23 February 2006. 16507:15 June 2012 at the 14480:"Cornish in Schools" 14436:on 20 September 2009 14427:University of Exeter 13718:Department of Health 13627:"UK net zero target" 12890:"The Vacuum Cleaner" 12239:"Environment Agency" 10304:Medieval Archaeology 9771:on 16 September 2008 9552:"Acts of Union 1707" 8638:Summer Olympic Games 8608:England cricket team 8524:Association Football 8440:association football 8188:World Heritage Sites 8089:Benedict Cumberbatch 7198:cooperative movement 7165:were major figures. 7155:Percy Bysshe Shelley 6972:Early Modern English 6929:The Canterbury Tales 6857:The Canterbury Tales 6819:John Everett Millais 6719:styles, such as the 6637:Arts Council England 6560:chicken tikka masala 6497:steak and kidney pie 6301:Geoffrey of Monmouth 6203:Richard I of England 6017:Canterbury Cathedral 5764:University of Oxford 5639:University of Oxford 5605:Education in England 5487:Edward the Confessor 5438:minorities, such as 4813:Department of Health 4609:Manchester Metrolink 4545:National Cycle Route 4439:motorways in England 4422:Transport in England 3879:mixed market economy 3861:of £37,852 in 2022. 3439:and warmer areas in 3087:and Atlantic Ocean. 3016:Landscape and rivers 3011:Geography of England 2921:metropolitan borough 2899:combined authorities 2861:subnational division 2565:Districts of England 2341:parliamentary system 2260:, but also from the 2184:William Powell Frith 2178:is often cited as a 2133:regency of George IV 2078:canal age in Britain 1971:Great Fire of London 1872:and peace after the 1849:. He styled himself 1565:House of Plantagenet 1516:Edward the Confessor 1424:Anglo-Saxon paganism 1219:, deriving from the 862:and west, including 850:, especially in the 837:University of Oxford 817:association football 809:English legal system 745:to the west. At the 701:that is part of the 624:• Summer ( 571:£2.162 trillion 533:£1.940 trillion 489:• 2022 estimate 19:For other uses, see 23364: / 23081:← 22946:Irish Sign Language 22803:Kingdom of Scotland 22640:Bailiwick of Jersey 22623:Lists of islands of 22175:Bailiwick of Jersey 19916:Union with Scotland 19896:English Reformation 19891:English Renaissance 19820:Anglo-Saxon England 19448:West, Anne (2003). 19365:Ward, Paul (2004). 18772:Lax, Roger (1989). 18730:Koch, John (2006). 18639:Higham, NJ (2002). 18249:Cox, Peter (1970). 17833:on 9 September 2008 17600:. Silverstone.co.uk 17238:"History of squash" 17115:"BBC World Service" 16839:on 4 September 2012 16710:The British Library 16629:. BritishMuseum.org 16558:on 9 October 2012. 16019:William Shakespeare 15900:(6). Archived from 15873:on 16 February 2009 15838:on 27 February 2009 15296:on 12 December 2009 14691:The Daily Telegraph 14635:. Church of England 14611:"Church of England" 14325:on 13 February 2010 14191:on 11 February 2008 14127:The Daily Telegraph 14072:. 22 December 2022. 13851:. Statistics.gov.uk 13074:. 20 September 2023 12816:1958Natur.181.1754S 12810:(4626): 1754–1755. 12728:on 23 November 2009 12450:"Regional Accounts" 11934:on 22 November 2010 11886:on 16 November 2008 11063:visitbirmingham.com 10813:Lyndsey Bakewell, " 10655:"Tudor Parliaments" 9861:Current Archaeology 9633:CamVision Education 8672:English Premiership 8551:1966 FIFA World Cup 8349:The Daily Telegraph 8334:in England include 8130:Alice in Wonderland 7817:The most prominent 7808:British Bangladeshi 7650:Andrew Lloyd Webber 7479:among others. Many 7168:In response to the 7098:William Shakespeare 7006:Christopher Marlowe 6976:William Shakespeare 6968:English Renaissance 6784:Thomas Gainsborough 6721:Lindisfarne Gospels 6713:Staffordshire Hoard 6666:The Lady of Shalott 6491:and eggs). Various 6394:early modern period 6342:in the North East, 6067:style of architect 6043:, universities and 6027:. Expanding on the 6013:medieval cathedrals 5849:English Renaissance 5734:public institutions 5694:sixth form colleges 5649:coordinated by the 5628:National Curriculum 5575:. According to the 5565:Neopagan witchcraft 5351:Salisbury Cathedral 5319:Tractarian movement 5296:Catherine of Aragon 5264:Religion in England 4677:, Devon. The UK is 4617:West Midlands Metro 4613:Sheffield Supertram 4597:Newcastle upon Tyne 4593:Tyne and Wear Metro 4541:double-decker buses 4443:A1 Great North Road 4348:academy of sciences 4274:Newtonian mechanics 3987:creative industries 3773:Newcastle upon Tyne 3546:diocesan cathedrals 3380:The Wildlife Trusts 3339:Nature and wildlife 2872:ceremonial counties 2561:Counties of England 2535:Ministry of Justice 2533:, reporting to the 2316:Politics of England 2290:devolved governance 2266:Indian subcontinent 2264:, particularly the 2245:in 1948, providing 2182:. Painting done by 2157:Battle of Trafalgar 2093:Battle of Trafalgar 2045:English initiatives 1946:Glorious Revolution 1936:as Lord Protector, 1866:English Restoration 1829:Union of the Crowns 1823:Union with Scotland 1674:Early modern period 1613:Lordship of Ireland 1534:Saint Crispin's Day 1530:Battle of Agincourt 1506:that also included 1352:Joseph of Arimathea 1096:Prehistoric Britain 917:Toponymy of England 794:Kingdom of Scotland 590:Pound sterling 440:Union with Scotland 334:United Kingdom 137: / 23183:Greater Manchester 22798:Kingdom of Ireland 22781:Kingdom of England 22528:Common Travel Area 22474:Crown Dependencies 22145:Crown Dependencies 21312:Telecommunications 21264:Economic geography 21120:Political scandals 20751:Crown Dependencies 20445:Saint George's Day 20037:House of Lancaster 19848:Kingdom of England 19749:History of England 19662:BBC News – England 19467:White, W. (1885). 18818:The English school 18816:Lowe, Roy (1971). 18482:A Blake dictionary 17890:on 11 October 2013 17860:. RugbyNetwork.net 17827:"National flowers" 17728:on 18 January 2019 17522:The New York Times 17381:on 18 January 2012 17218:on 25 October 2007 17077:on 21 October 2020 16982:on 16 January 2010 16659:on 17 January 2009 16627:"Museum in London" 16511:. UK Film Council. 15812:on 22 October 2009 15757:on 30 October 2009 15664:on 13 January 2010 15189:on 2 December 2008 15014:on 29 August 2009. 14907:"2011 ONS results" 14400:on 13 October 2008 14355:on 12 January 2016 14349:"Cornish language" 14268:on 17 January 2008 14097:. 7 September 2005 13903:on 1 November 2009 13877:on 12 January 2016 13595:"2022 EPI Results" 13206:on 18 October 2014 13156:UK Parliament 2007 12670:on 4 December 2008 12476:"Financial Centre" 12154:on 29 August 2008. 12103:on 14 January 2010 12070:on 27 October 2010 11906:"The River Severn" 11615:on 17 January 2009 11445:The World Factbook 10830:World Civilization 10572:on 18 January 2012 10034:on 22 October 2003 9539:Burns, William E. 9293:Edgar the Ætheling 9101:Outline of England 9059:Saint George's Day 9003: 8941: 8806:Aintree Racecourse 8775: 8690:, which won three 8654:Commonwealth Games 8597: 8432: 8312:television licence 8304: 8239:research libraries 8169: 7905: 7901:Lawrence of Arabia 7821:in England is the 7772: 7693:the Rolling Stones 7604: 7443:The Dancing Master 7324: 7163:William Wordsworth 6970:literature in the 6862: 6843:English literature 6742:The Tudor era saw 6717:Gaelic and Anglian 6679: 6658: 6441: 6206: 6158:and manor houses. 6121: 6091:The Crystal Palace 5957: 5944:is a 14th-century 5843:Culture of England 5815:Winchester College 5643: 5519:Edict of Expulsion 5507:Margaret Clitherow 5456:The Salvation Army 5448:Congregationalists 5434:. There are other 5373: 5327:Anglican Communion 5290:in the 1530s when 5282:of England is the 5280:established church 5254:came into effect. 4947:South East England 4903: 4895: 4806:National Insurance 4782: 4683: 4589:London Underground 4505: 4218:the first computer 4097: 4093:history of science 3959: 3897: 3853:Economy of England 3664:Greater Manchester 3475:Major conurbations 3469:common wood pigeon 3429: 3395:Environment Agency 3373:as key places for 3369:are designated by 3359: 3289:Climate of England 3159: 3042: 2978:cancelled further 2954:until legislation 2557:Combined authority 2553:Regions of England 2449: 2412:Conservative Party 2381:regions of England 2349:Acts of Union 1707 2333: 2328:, the seat of the 2288:has moved towards 2204:universal suffrage 2188: 2105: 2047:combined with the 2041: 1993:invited the Dutch 1991:Revolution of 1688 1888:and those of King 1878: 1855:King James Version 1792:East India Company 1744:roots of the split 1625:Hundred Years' War 1563:Subsequently, the 1541: 1538:Hundred Years' War 1390: 1309:Roman architecture 1277:Britannia province 1209: 1168:monuments such as 1113: 1078:History of England 1038:); similarly, the 977:recorded that the 949:Schleswig-Holstein 782:Kingdom of England 739:Continental Europe 729:to the south, the 561:2022 estimate 539: • Per capita 323:Legal jurisdiction 294:6.0% not stated 178:Ethnic groups 167:Regional languages 23347: 23346: 23341: 23340: 23088: 23080: 23043: 23042: 23039: 23038: 22964: 22963: 22816: 22815: 22675: 22674: 22536: 22535: 22327: 22326: 22064: 22063: 22024: 22023: 22020: 22019: 22016: 22015: 21631: 21630: 21363: 21362: 21229: 21228: 21225: 21224: 21110:Political parties 21034:Foreign relations 20985: 20984: 20981: 20980: 20714: 20713: 20691:Mass surveillance 20669:Foreign relations 20602:Second World War 20493: 20492: 20460: 20459: 20384: 20383: 20290:Science education 20283:Church of England 20164: 20163: 20111: 20110: 20050: 20049: 20016:Kingdom of Sussex 20011:Kingdom of Mercia 19863:Wars of the Roses 19628:978-0-7509-3202-8 19606:978-1-4051-0129-5 19580:978-1-4016-0374-8 19557:978-0-7166-0102-9 19535:978-1-4086-8062-9 19516:978-0-333-94859-0 19497:978-0-415-25772-5 19459:978-0-415-24132-8 19421:978-0-582-49259-2 19398:978-1-60520-202-0 19376:978-0-203-49472-1 19357:978-0-7139-9330-1 19335:978-0-10-170952-1 19316:978-0-415-03493-7 19297:978-81-8069-540-7 19278:978-0-333-33439-3 19256:978-0-87451-215-1 19235:978-0-684-12682-1 19211:978-0-7864-2248-7 19192:978-0-19-285437-7 19159:978-0-7425-2203-9 19140:978-0-19-885091-5 19114:978-1-85532-361-2 19095:978-0-415-22308-9 19074:978-0-14-061613-2 19061:Pevsner, Nikolaus 19052:978-0-7867-1890-0 19028:978-0-11-621278-8 19002:978-0-8160-4606-5 18979:978-0-7506-6439-4 18960:978-0-521-78569-3 18941:978-0-19-871791-1 18922:978-0-9528930-3-5 18903:978-1-60206-829-2 18884:978-0-7661-5324-0 18865:978-0-304-35387-3 18846:978-0-393-95132-5 18827:978-0-7100-6882-8 18808:978-0-671-63888-7 18785:978-0-19-505408-8 18764:978-0-8240-8745-6 18741:978-1-85109-440-0 18709:978-0-7905-4982-8 18688:978-0-415-24210-3 18669:978-1-85109-431-8 18650:978-0-415-21305-9 18631:978-0-230-52179-7 18612:978-1-884964-20-6 18593:978-0-7425-1466-9 18574:978-1-871615-56-2 18552:978-1-85346-715-8 18533:978-0-7496-6488-6 18514:978-0-236-30832-3 18491:978-0-87451-436-0 18469:978-0-300-10402-8 18450:978-1-4058-2358-6 18431:978-0-559-09589-4 18409:978-0-85229-787-2 18387:978-88-6040-136-6 18368:978-1-85514-342-5 18349:978-0-19-921524-9 18330:978-1-58567-601-9 18306:978-1-84724-065-1 18287:978-1-85285-595-6 18264:978-0-521-09612-6 18241:978-0-300-05737-9 18217:978-0-521-31385-8 18198:978-0-8492-2139-2 18176:978-0-521-03834-8 18157:978-0-9502932-0-2 18142:Clark, David M.; 18117:978-0-203-39737-4 18104:Briggs, Katharine 18095:978-1-84022-310-1 18073:978-0-7425-3333-2 18051:978-0-19-925101-8 18032:978-0-415-01035-1 18013:978-0-415-25181-5 17994:978-1-4097-2581-7 17975:978-0-395-12615-8 17956:978-1-85619-716-8 17807:. 18 January 2014 17786:978-1-84383-469-4 17485:on 28 August 2008 17244:on 31 August 2009 16952:on 5 October 2010 16887:. 3 December 2019 16861:. 1 December 2011 16679:"British Library" 16385:978-1-61147-399-5 16080:Hawkins-Dady 1996 15904:on 5 January 2012 15444:Lucia Impelluso, 14991:"OECD: PISA 2018" 14665:on 13 August 2011 14490:on 7 October 2013 14467:on 19 August 2018 14374:on 7 October 2013 13962:on 22 August 2009 13782:"Life expectancy" 13755:on 1 October 2008 13288:. 2 January 2012. 13262:on 28 August 2020 13232:on 7 October 2013 13170:Built Environment 12969:Hunter, Michael. 12825:10.1038/1811754a0 12644:on 5 January 2012 12638:"England Exports" 12514:on 7 October 2009 12456:on 26 August 2009 12379:on 12 August 2009 12219:on 25 August 2021 12172:. 4 February 2020 12148:"English Climate" 12020:978-0-495-38950-7 11852:"English Channel" 11703:. 8 February 2008 11485:(26 March 2009). 11306:, pp. 10–11. 11182:978-0-313-31305-9 10871:"Black Rod" 10840:978-0-495-50262-3 10725:Act of Union 1707 10692:978-0-7425-5263-0 10597:978-1-60620-939-4 10268:Coates, Richard. 10145:978-0-435-30841-4 10001:978-0-921921-30-1 9024:God Save the King 8957:Wars of the Roses 8908:English Civil War 8884:Republic of Genoa 8316:BBC World Service 8270:historical marker 8233:in London is the 8053:Christopher Nolan 7823:Royal Opera House 7768:Royal Albert Hall 7642:, best known for 7531:I Saw Three Ships 7512:Hey Diddle Diddle 7452:Roxburghe Ballads 7393: 7375: 7357: 7339: 7050:scientific method 6958:Julian of Norwich 6946:William of Ockham 6823:Early Renaissance 6752:Nicholas Hilliard 6744:prominent artists 6725:Vespasian Psalter 6544:Double Gloucester 6528:Lancashire hotpot 6501:steak and ale pie 6457:Yorkshire pudding 6242:Wayland the Smith 6117:landscape artists 6021:Westminster Abbey 5750:bachelor's degree 5718:Tertiary colleges 5686:further education 5593:Brighton and Hove 5385:England and Wales 5361:Westminster Abbey 5339:Westminster Abbey 5284:Church of England 5222:teach students a 5199:official language 5191:economic activity 5178: 5177: 5047: 4981:. About 0.7% are 4802:William Beveridge 4790:healthcare system 4767:William Beveridge 4673:Wind turbines at 4533:Bus rapid transit 4286:law of elasticity 4234:blood transfusion 4183:George Stephenson 3941:England and Wales 3913:software industry 3843: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3382:partnership, the 3273:South Coast Plain 3130:; the largest is 2980:regional assembly 2952:abolished in 1965 2933:unitary authority 2508:England and Wales 2422:and four for the 2416:Liberal Democrats 2371:, although other 2294:England and Wales 2280:which became the 2151:, and on land by 2121:French Revolution 2074:Bridgewater Canal 2055:protected by the 1924:declared himself 1882:English Civil War 1874:English Civil War 1736:Church of England 1732:Acts of Supremacy 1705:Queen Elizabeth I 1436:Council of Whitby 1430:from Rome led by 1417:. Details of the 1383:Sutton Hoo helmet 1348:Lucius of Britain 1321:Septimius Severus 1207:found in Britain. 1147:Iberian Peninsula 1139:woolly rhinoceros 1123:Upper Paleolithic 985:stated that King 941:Early Middle Ages 884:metropolitan area 796:that created the 766:Upper Paleolithic 725:to the east, the 717:to the north and 692: 691: 650:dd/mm/yyyy ( 577:• Per capita 339:England and Wales 157:National language 63:God Save the King 23424: 23417:Christian states 23407:Island countries 23379: 23378: 23376: 23375: 23374: 23369: 23365: 23362: 23361: 23360: 23357: 23243:Northamptonshire 23086: 23076: 23070: 23063: 23056: 23047: 23046: 23001:Irish Travellers 22832: 22831: 22828:Modern languages 22825: 22824: 22776:Irish Free State 22733:Northern Ireland 22692: 22691: 22545: 22544: 22453:Northern Ireland 22431:Sovereign states 22427: 22426: 22354: 22347: 22340: 22331: 22330: 22320:Antarctic Treaty 22270:Tristan da Cunha 22260:Ascension Island 22235:Falkland Islands 22125:Northern Ireland 22091: 22084: 22077: 22068: 22067: 22044: 22037: 21745:Northern Ireland 21654: 21653: 21641: 21640: 21637: 21636: 21374: 21373: 21287: 21240: 21239: 21098:House of Commons 21066:Local government 21000: 20999: 20996: 20995: 20906:Renewable energy 20891:hydroelectricity 20729: 20728: 20725: 20724: 20561: 20560: 20540: 20533: 20526: 20517: 20516: 20507: 20506: 20497: 20496: 20473: 20435:Royal supporters 20236:Landscape garden 20206:Country clothing 20179: 20178: 20175: 20174: 20122: 20121: 20061: 20060: 19996:Kingdom of Essex 19759:Local government 19734: 19733: 19713: 19706: 19699: 19690: 19689: 19677: 19676: 19644:English Heritage 19632: 19610: 19598: 19589:Young, Robert JC 19584: 19572: 19561: 19539: 19520: 19501: 19488:Public transport 19482: 19480: 19478: 19463: 19444: 19425: 19413: 19402: 19380: 19361: 19344:Underdown, David 19339: 19320: 19301: 19282: 19260: 19239: 19215: 19196: 19177: 19163: 19144: 19132: 19118: 19099: 19078: 19056: 19032: 19006: 18994: 18983: 18964: 18945: 18926: 18907: 18888: 18869: 18850: 18831: 18812: 18800: 18789: 18768: 18756: 18745: 18726: 18713: 18692: 18673: 18654: 18635: 18616: 18597: 18578: 18561:Goldberg, Jeremy 18556: 18545:. David Fulton. 18537: 18518: 18506: 18495: 18473: 18454: 18435: 18424:. BiblioBazaar. 18413: 18391: 18372: 18353: 18340:Christopher Wren 18334: 18310: 18291: 18279: 18268: 18256: 18245: 18221: 18202: 18180: 18161: 18138: 18121: 18099: 18082:Brewer, Ebenezer 18077: 18055: 18036: 18017: 17998: 17979: 17960: 17926: 17925: 17923: 17921: 17906: 17900: 17899: 17897: 17895: 17886:. Archived from 17876: 17870: 17869: 17867: 17865: 17849: 17843: 17842: 17840: 17838: 17823: 17817: 17816: 17814: 17812: 17797: 17791: 17790: 17770: 17764: 17763: 17761: 17759: 17744: 17738: 17737: 17735: 17733: 17724:. Archived from 17714: 17708: 17707: 17705: 17703: 17691: 17685: 17684: 17682: 17680: 17675:on 24 March 2016 17665: 17659: 17658: 17646: 17640: 17639: 17637: 17635: 17626:. Archived from 17616: 17610: 17609: 17607: 17605: 17590: 17584: 17578: 17572: 17571: 17569: 17567: 17551: 17545: 17539: 17533: 17532: 17530: 17528: 17513: 17507: 17504: 17498: 17497: 17492: 17490: 17471: 17465: 17459: 17453: 17452: 17450: 17448: 17437: 17431: 17430: 17423: 17417: 17416: 17414: 17412: 17397: 17391: 17390: 17388: 17386: 17366: 17360: 17354: 17348: 17347: 17345: 17343: 17328: 17322: 17316: 17310: 17304: 17298: 17297: 17295: 17293: 17278: 17272: 17271: 17260: 17254: 17253: 17251: 17249: 17234: 17228: 17227: 17225: 17223: 17204: 17195: 17194: 17192: 17190: 17176: 17170: 17169: 17167: 17165: 17150: 17144: 17143: 17132: 17126: 17125: 17111: 17105: 17104: 17093: 17087: 17086: 17084: 17082: 17076: 17070:. Archived from 17069: 17061: 17055: 17054: 17043: 17037: 17036: 17030: 17022: 17020: 17018: 17009:. Archived from 16998: 16992: 16991: 16989: 16987: 16978:. Archived from 16968: 16962: 16961: 16959: 16957: 16942: 16936: 16935: 16929: 16921: 16915: 16914: 16912: 16910: 16896: 16894: 16892: 16877: 16871: 16870: 16868: 16866: 16855: 16849: 16848: 16846: 16844: 16838: 16831: 16823: 16817: 16816: 16814: 16812: 16798: 16792: 16791: 16780: 16774: 16773: 16771: 16769: 16754: 16748: 16747: 16745: 16743: 16732: 16726: 16725: 16723: 16721: 16712:. Archived from 16702: 16696: 16695: 16693: 16691: 16675: 16669: 16668: 16666: 16664: 16645: 16639: 16638: 16636: 16634: 16623: 16617: 16616: 16614: 16612: 16606: 16594: 16588: 16587: 16585: 16583: 16569: 16563: 16562: 16542: 16536: 16530: 16524: 16518: 16512: 16499: 16493: 16481: 16475: 16474: 16467: 16461: 16448: 16442: 16441: 16439: 16437: 16422: 16416: 16415: 16413: 16411: 16396: 16390: 16389: 16365: 16359: 16358: 16347: 16341: 16338: 16332: 16325: 16319: 16313: 16307: 16296: 16290: 16289: 16287: 16285: 16271: 16265: 16264: 16262: 16260: 16254:www.london.ac.uk 16246: 16240: 16234: 16225: 16222: 16216: 16210: 16204: 16203: 16201: 16199: 16180: 16174: 16168: 16162: 16161: 16143: 16137: 16136: 16125: 16119: 16113: 16107: 16101: 16095: 16089: 16083: 16077: 16071: 16065: 16059: 16053: 16047: 16041: 16035: 16034: 16032: 16030: 16021:. Archived from 16011: 16005: 15999: 15993: 15987: 15978: 15972: 15966: 15960: 15954: 15948: 15939: 15938: 15936: 15934: 15920: 15914: 15913: 15911: 15909: 15889: 15883: 15882: 15880: 15878: 15863: 15848: 15847: 15845: 15843: 15828: 15822: 15821: 15819: 15817: 15802:English Heritage 15798: 15792: 15791: 15789: 15787: 15781: 15773: 15767: 15766: 15764: 15762: 15747: 15741: 15740: 15738: 15736: 15725: 15719: 15718: 15713:. 25 June 2015. 15712: 15705: 15699: 15698: 15696: 15694: 15683: 15674: 15673: 15671: 15669: 15654: 15648: 15642: 15636: 15635: 15633: 15631: 15616: 15610: 15604: 15598: 15592: 15586: 15580: 15574: 15568: 15562: 15556: 15545: 15544: 15542: 15540: 15525: 15516: 15510: 15504: 15498: 15492: 15491: 15480: 15474: 15473: 15471: 15469: 15455: 15449: 15442: 15436: 15435: 15433: 15431: 15425:English Heritage 15417: 15408: 15407: 15405: 15403: 15389: 15383: 15382: 15380: 15378: 15363: 15357: 15351: 15345: 15339: 15330: 15324: 15318: 15312: 15306: 15305: 15303: 15301: 15286: 15275: 15274: 15272: 15270: 15259: 15253: 15247: 15241: 15235: 15229: 15228: 15226: 15224: 15215:. Archived from 15205: 15199: 15198: 15196: 15194: 15174: 15168: 15167: 15165: 15163: 15152: 15146: 15145: 15143: 15141: 15135: 15128: 15120: 15111: 15110: 15099: 15093: 15092: 15090: 15088: 15073: 15067: 15066: 15034: 15028: 15022: 15016: 15015: 15004: 14998: 14997: 14995: 14987: 14981: 14980: 14978: 14976: 14966: 14960: 14959: 14948: 14942: 14936: 14930: 14924: 14918: 14917: 14915: 14913: 14903: 14892: 14891: 14889: 14887: 14868: 14857: 14856: 14854: 14852: 14846: 14839: 14831: 14822: 14821: 14819: 14817: 14806: 14797: 14796: 14794: 14792: 14777: 14771: 14770: 14764: 14756: 14754: 14752: 14746: 14738: 14732: 14731: 14729: 14727: 14713: 14707: 14706: 14704: 14702: 14688: 14681: 14675: 14674: 14672: 14670: 14655: 14649: 14648: 14642: 14640: 14629: 14623: 14622: 14620: 14618: 14607: 14601: 14600: 14598: 14596: 14585: 14579: 14578: 14576: 14574: 14559: 14553: 14552: 14550: 14548: 14533: 14527: 14526: 14524: 14522: 14506: 14500: 14499: 14497: 14495: 14476: 14474: 14472: 14452: 14446: 14445: 14443: 14441: 14435: 14429:. Archived from 14424: 14416: 14410: 14409: 14407: 14405: 14390: 14384: 14383: 14381: 14379: 14364: 14362: 14360: 14341: 14335: 14334: 14332: 14330: 14315: 14309: 14308: 14303: 14301: 14284: 14278: 14277: 14275: 14273: 14253: 14247: 14237: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14226: 14221:on 24 April 2014 14207: 14201: 14200: 14198: 14196: 14176: 14170: 14169: 14167: 14165: 14149: 14143: 14142: 14140: 14138: 14124: 14116: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14102: 14087: 14074: 14073: 14062: 14045: 14044: 14042: 14040: 14025: 14019: 14018: 14016: 14014: 13998: 13996: 13994: 13978: 13972: 13971: 13969: 13967: 13952: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13941: 13935: 13929:. Archived from 13928: 13919: 13913: 13912: 13910: 13908: 13893: 13887: 13886: 13884: 13882: 13867: 13861: 13860: 13858: 13856: 13841: 13828: 13827: 13825: 13823: 13818:on 7 August 2009 13804: 13798: 13797: 13795: 13793: 13774: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13760: 13754: 13743: 13735: 13729: 13728: 13726: 13724: 13710: 13704: 13703: 13701: 13699: 13694:on 23 April 2010 13693: 13687:. Archived from 13682: 13674: 13668: 13667: 13665: 13663: 13649: 13643: 13642: 13640: 13638: 13623: 13617: 13616: 13614: 13612: 13591: 13585: 13584: 13582: 13580: 13566: 13560: 13559: 13557: 13555: 13541: 13535: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13515: 13509: 13508: 13506: 13504: 13490: 13484: 13483: 13481: 13479: 13474:. September 2022 13464: 13458: 13457: 13455: 13453: 13448:. 6 January 2023 13436: 13430: 13429: 13424:. Archived from 13418: 13416: 13408: 13399: 13398: 13396: 13394: 13380: 13374: 13368: 13357: 13356: 13354: 13352: 13333: 13327: 13321: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13296: 13290: 13289: 13278: 13272: 13271: 13269: 13267: 13258:. Archived from 13248: 13242: 13241: 13239: 13237: 13222: 13216: 13215: 13213: 13211: 13202:. Archived from 13192: 13186: 13185: 13165: 13159: 13153: 13142: 13141: 13139: 13137: 13123: 13117: 13115: 13113: 13111: 13105: 13099:. Archived from 13098: 13090: 13084: 13083: 13081: 13079: 13064: 13058: 13043: 13037: 13036: 13034: 13032: 13017: 13011: 13010: 12992: 12986: 12985: 12983: 12981: 12966: 12960: 12959: 12956:royalsociety.org 12953: 12945: 12936: 12935: 12933: 12931: 12926:on 15 April 2010 12916: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12900:on 13 March 2010 12885: 12879: 12865: 12859: 12856: 12850: 12844: 12838: 12837: 12827: 12795: 12789: 12774: 12768: 12767: 12765: 12763: 12754:. Archived from 12744: 12738: 12737: 12735: 12733: 12727: 12720: 12712: 12706: 12705: 12703: 12701: 12686: 12680: 12679: 12677: 12675: 12660: 12654: 12653: 12651: 12649: 12634: 12628: 12627: 12625: 12623: 12608: 12602: 12601: 12599: 12597: 12582: 12576: 12575: 12573: 12571: 12556: 12550: 12549: 12547: 12545: 12530: 12524: 12523: 12521: 12519: 12513: 12506: 12498: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12487: 12472: 12466: 12465: 12463: 12461: 12442: 12436: 12435: 12433: 12431: 12417: 12411: 12410: 12404: 12395: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12384: 12364: 12358: 12357: 12355: 12353: 12339: 12326: 12325: 12314: 12308: 12307: 12305: 12303: 12289:Historic England 12285: 12279: 12278: 12276: 12274: 12260: 12254: 12253: 12251: 12249: 12235: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12224: 12215:. Archived from 12209: 12203: 12202: 12200: 12198: 12188: 12182: 12181: 12179: 12177: 12162: 12156: 12155: 12144: 12138: 12137: 12135: 12133: 12119: 12113: 12112: 12110: 12108: 12093: 12080: 12079: 12077: 12075: 12060: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12049: 12038: 12032: 12031: 12029: 12027: 12005: 11999: 11998: 11996: 11994: 11979: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11965: 11950: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11939: 11924: 11918: 11917: 11915: 11913: 11902: 11896: 11895: 11893: 11891: 11876: 11870: 11869: 11867: 11865: 11848: 11842: 11836: 11830: 11829: 11827: 11825: 11809: 11803: 11797: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11786: 11771: 11765: 11759: 11753: 11747: 11738: 11737: 11735: 11733: 11719: 11713: 11712: 11710: 11708: 11693: 11687: 11686: 11684: 11682: 11677:on 24 March 2009 11676: 11669: 11661: 11655: 11654: 11643: 11637: 11631: 11625: 11624: 11622: 11620: 11614: 11607: 11599: 11593: 11587: 11581: 11575: 11569: 11568: 11566: 11564: 11553: 11547: 11546: 11544: 11542: 11527: 11521: 11520: 11518: 11516: 11505: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11479: 11473: 11472: 11470: 11468: 11454: 11448: 11441:"United Kingdom" 11438: 11432: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11407: 11396: 11386: 11380: 11379: 11377: 11375: 11370:. BBC News. 2009 11358: 11352: 11351: 11332:Keating, Michael 11328: 11322: 11316: 11307: 11301: 11295: 11285: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11274: 11258: 11252: 11246: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11235: 11223: 11217: 11216: 11214: 11212: 11200: 11194: 11193: 11191: 11189: 11166: 11160: 11154: 11148: 11141: 11135: 11134: 11132: 11130: 11125:on 17 April 2021 11121:. Archived from 11111: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11100: 11085: 11079: 11078: 11076: 11074: 11069:on 26 April 2012 11065:. Archived from 11047: 11041: 11040: 11038: 11036: 11021: 11015: 11005: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10979: 10973: 10967: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10956: 10941: 10932: 10931: 10929: 10927: 10913: 10907: 10906: 10904: 10902: 10888: 10882: 10881: 10873: 10858: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10847: 10824: 10818: 10811: 10805: 10804: 10802: 10800: 10784: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10768:on 25 March 2009 10767: 10761:. Archived from 10756: 10747: 10741: 10740: 10738: 10736: 10713: 10704: 10703: 10701: 10699: 10676: 10670: 10669: 10667: 10665: 10651: 10645: 10627: 10621: 10615: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10604: 10584:Smith, Goldwin. 10581: 10579: 10577: 10568:. Archived from 10562: 10556: 10555: 10553: 10551: 10542:. Archived from 10532: 10526: 10520: 10514: 10504: 10498: 10492: 10486: 10485: 10483: 10481: 10472:. Archived from 10462: 10456: 10450: 10441: 10440: 10438: 10436: 10425: 10419: 10413: 10407: 10406: 10404: 10402: 10391: 10385: 10379: 10373: 10367: 10361: 10360: 10358: 10356: 10342: 10336: 10335: 10299: 10293: 10292: 10284: 10282: 10273: 10265: 10257: 10255: 10253: 10247: 10241:. Archived from 10240: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10216: 10207: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10190: 10181: 10175: 10169: 10163: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10129: 10127: 10125: 10111: 10109: 10107: 10098:. Archived from 10087: 10081: 10080: 10072: 10066: 10065: 10063: 10061: 10050: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10039: 10019: 10013: 10012: 10010: 10008: 9985: 9979: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9942: 9936: 9933:Oppenheimer 2006 9930: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9894: 9887: 9879: 9873: 9872: 9870: 9868: 9853: 9847: 9841: 9835: 9834: 9826: 9820: 9819:, pp. 26–27 9814: 9808: 9807: 9805: 9803: 9787: 9781: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9767:. Archived from 9757: 9751: 9745: 9739: 9733: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9708: 9702: 9696: 9690: 9689: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9661:. 4 October 2022 9651: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9635:. 4 October 2021 9625: 9619: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9609:on 27 April 2008 9605:. Archived from 9595: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9584: 9573: 9567: 9566: 9564: 9562: 9548: 9536: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9516:. Archived from 9506: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9480: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9469: 9454: 9445: 9444: 9442: 9440: 9425: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9414: 9397: 9384: 9383: 9381: 9379: 9362: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9329: 9305: 9297:House of Dunkeld 9281: 9275: 9244: 9238: 9234: 9228: 9225: 9219: 9216: 9210: 9193:. Around 70% of 9191:English ancestry 9183:English ancestry 9175: 9169: 9166: 9160: 9152: 9146: 9140: 9134: 9131: 9125: 9122: 9095: 9090: 9089: 9088: 9081: 9076: 9075: 9074: 8868:National symbols 8706:, Yorkshire and 8640:three times, in 8529:Football is the 8500:greyhound racing 8486:, table tennis, 8425:World Cup trophy 8411:Sport in England 8247:Trafalgar Square 8243:National Gallery 8235:national library 8212:Ironbridge Gorge 8172:English Heritage 7957:Daniel Day-Lewis 7921:Laurence Olivier 7909:Alfred Hitchcock 7835:The Royal Ballet 7804:Bengali New Year 7705:progressive rock 7701:British invasion 7628:Frederick Delius 7624:Benjamin Britten 7562:Rule, Britannia! 7412:The traditional 7395: 7394: 7377: 7376: 7359: 7358: 7341: 7340: 7321: 7290:J. R. R. Tolkien 7216:was involved in 7214:Bernard Williams 7210:Bertrand Russell 7206:John Stuart Mill 7182:G. K. Chesterton 7101: 6987:Romeo and Juliet 6974:style appeared. 6924:Geoffrey Chaucer 6852:Geoffrey Chaucer 6782:prevailed, with 6780:High Renaissance 6756:Anthony van Dyck 6737:Luttrell Psalter 6524:toad in the hole 6520:bangers and mash 6412: 6344:Long Sword dance 6310: 6265:High Middle Ages 6186:English folklore 6162:English Heritage 6125:Capability Brown 6069:Christopher Wren 5896:triumphal arches 5872:Rudston Monolith 5823:St Paul's School 5803:Academic degrees 5724:Higher education 5399:are regarded as 5347:Durham Cathedral 5317:, following the 5232:foreign language 5203:regional accents 5189:is an important 5045: 5043:Native speakers 5037: 5036: 4869:English diaspora 4798:Beveridge Report 4529:Stagecoach Group 4362:was invented by 4236:; the motorised 4214:spinning machine 4203:smallpox vaccine 4141:Christopher Wren 4133:Joseph Priestley 3983:aircraft engines 3963:service industry 3613: 3612: 3595: 3588: 3581: 3572: 3571: 3499:English Midlands 3495:northern England 3445:North of England 3345:Fauna of England 3298:maritime climate 3241:English Lowlands 3175:Shropshire Hills 3128:lakes in England 3056:by Scotland and 2865:local government 2582: 2576: 2575: 2396:House of Commons 2270:service industry 2153:Arthur Wellesley 2039: 2036: 2009:, to create the 1975:Christopher Wren 1955:House of Commons 1724:Age of Discovery 1701: 1686: 1644:War of the Roses 1504:North Sea Empire 1480:Alfred the Great 1242: 1225:La Tène cultures 1201:Battersea Shield 1172:(phase III) and 1060:Arthurian legend 1057: 1047: 1037: 1015: 956: 930: 876:Shropshire Hills 805:English language 778:Age of Discovery 755:the largest city 637: 613: 558: 540: 530: 152: 151: 149: 148: 147: 142: 141:51.500°N 0.117°W 138: 135: 134: 133: 130: 115:and largest city 80: 44: 28: 27: 23432: 23431: 23427: 23426: 23425: 23423: 23422: 23421: 23382: 23381: 23372: 23370: 23366: 23363: 23358: 23355: 23353: 23351: 23350: 23348: 23343: 23342: 23337: 23283:South Yorkshire 23258:Nottinghamshire 23253:North Yorkshire 23173:Gloucestershire 23113:Buckinghamshire 23089: 23074: 23044: 23035: 22991:English Gypsies 22960: 22929: 22891: 22872:Scottish Gaelic 22853: 22812: 22764: 22706: 22683: 22671: 22618: 22614:Isles of Scilly 22555:Channel Islands 22532: 22496: 22468: 22418: 22363: 22358: 22328: 22323: 22309: 22298:Former colonies 22293: 22184: 22139: 22109: 22101: 22095: 22065: 22060: 22047: 22040: 22033: 22012: 21925: 21826: 21739: 21648: 21627: 21532: 21488:Public holidays 21468:Life expectancy 21359: 21321: 21301:London Exchange 21297:Stock exchanges 21285: 21284:Pound sterling 21252:Bank of England 21221: 21212:Royal Air Force 21188: 21129: 21061:Law enforcement 20977: 20886:hydraulic frac. 20847: 20828:Lakes and lochs 20775: 20771:Former colonies 20710: 20706:Women's history 20681:Law enforcement 20647: 20593:First World War 20550: 20544: 20509: 20501: 20494: 20489: 20476: 20469: 20456: 20430:Royal standards 20380: 20299: 20160: 20107: 20046: 20020: 19984: 19958: 19925: 19901:Elizabethan era 19867: 19853:Norman Conquest 19836: 19788: 19774:English society 19723: 19717: 19674: 19650:Natural England 19640: 19635: 19629: 19619:The Black Death 19615:Ziegler, Philip 19607: 19581: 19558: 19536: 19517: 19498: 19476: 19474: 19460: 19422: 19399: 19385:Warner, Charles 19377: 19358: 19336: 19317: 19298: 19279: 19257: 19236: 19212: 19193: 19160: 19141: 19115: 19096: 19075: 19053: 19029: 19003: 18980: 18970:Global Airlines 18961: 18942: 18923: 18904: 18885: 18866: 18847: 18828: 18809: 18786: 18765: 18757:. Garland Pub. 18742: 18710: 18689: 18670: 18651: 18632: 18613: 18594: 18575: 18553: 18534: 18515: 18492: 18470: 18451: 18432: 18410: 18388: 18369: 18350: 18331: 18307: 18288: 18265: 18242: 18218: 18199: 18177: 18158: 18118: 18096: 18074: 18052: 18033: 18014: 17995: 17976: 17957: 17935: 17930: 17929: 17919: 17917: 17916:. 23 April 1998 17908: 17907: 17903: 17893: 17891: 17878: 17877: 17873: 17863: 17861: 17850: 17846: 17836: 17834: 17825: 17824: 17820: 17810: 17808: 17799: 17798: 17794: 17787: 17771: 17767: 17757: 17755: 17754:on 8 March 2017 17746: 17745: 17741: 17731: 17729: 17716: 17715: 17711: 17701: 17699: 17692: 17688: 17678: 17676: 17667: 17666: 17662: 17647: 17643: 17633: 17631: 17618: 17617: 17613: 17603: 17601: 17592: 17591: 17587: 17579: 17575: 17565: 17563: 17560:Bleacher Report 17553: 17552: 17548: 17540: 17536: 17526: 17524: 17514: 17510: 17505: 17501: 17488: 17486: 17473: 17472: 17468: 17460: 17456: 17446: 17444: 17439: 17438: 17434: 17425: 17424: 17420: 17410: 17408: 17399: 17398: 17394: 17384: 17382: 17375:The Independent 17367: 17363: 17355: 17351: 17341: 17339: 17329: 17325: 17317: 17313: 17305: 17301: 17291: 17289: 17279: 17275: 17262: 17261: 17257: 17247: 17245: 17236: 17235: 17231: 17221: 17219: 17206: 17205: 17198: 17188: 17186: 17178: 17177: 17173: 17163: 17161: 17152: 17151: 17147: 17134: 17133: 17129: 17113: 17112: 17108: 17095: 17094: 17090: 17080: 17078: 17074: 17067: 17063: 17062: 17058: 17045: 17044: 17040: 17024: 17023: 17016: 17014: 16999: 16995: 16985: 16983: 16970: 16969: 16965: 16955: 16953: 16944: 16943: 16939: 16927: 16923: 16922: 16918: 16908: 16906: 16898: 16890: 16888: 16879: 16878: 16874: 16864: 16862: 16857: 16856: 16852: 16842: 16840: 16836: 16829: 16825: 16824: 16820: 16810: 16808: 16800: 16799: 16795: 16782: 16781: 16777: 16767: 16765: 16755: 16751: 16741: 16739: 16734: 16733: 16729: 16719: 16717: 16716:on 31 July 2020 16704: 16703: 16699: 16689: 16687: 16677: 16676: 16672: 16662: 16660: 16647: 16646: 16642: 16632: 16630: 16625: 16624: 16620: 16610: 16608: 16607:on 2 April 2017 16604: 16596: 16595: 16591: 16581: 16579: 16571: 16570: 16566: 16544: 16543: 16539: 16531: 16527: 16519: 16515: 16509:Wayback Machine 16500: 16496: 16482: 16478: 16469: 16468: 16464: 16458:Wayback Machine 16449: 16445: 16435: 16433: 16432:on 26 July 2013 16424: 16423: 16419: 16409: 16407: 16398: 16397: 16393: 16386: 16366: 16362: 16357:on 17 May 2012. 16349: 16348: 16344: 16339: 16335: 16326: 16322: 16314: 16310: 16297: 16293: 16283: 16281: 16273: 16272: 16268: 16258: 16256: 16248: 16247: 16243: 16235: 16228: 16223: 16219: 16211: 16207: 16197: 16195: 16181: 16177: 16169: 16165: 16158: 16144: 16140: 16127: 16126: 16122: 16114: 16110: 16102: 16098: 16092:Eccleshare 2002 16090: 16086: 16078: 16074: 16066: 16062: 16054: 16050: 16042: 16038: 16028: 16026: 16025:on 28 June 2008 16013: 16012: 16008: 16000: 15996: 15988: 15981: 15973: 15969: 15961: 15957: 15949: 15942: 15932: 15930: 15922: 15921: 15917: 15907: 15905: 15892:Turner, Chris. 15890: 15886: 15876: 15874: 15865: 15864: 15851: 15841: 15839: 15830: 15829: 15825: 15815: 15813: 15799: 15795: 15785: 15783: 15779: 15775: 15774: 15770: 15760: 15758: 15751:"Types of Beer" 15749: 15748: 15744: 15734: 15732: 15727: 15726: 15722: 15707: 15706: 15702: 15692: 15690: 15685: 15684: 15677: 15667: 15665: 15656: 15655: 15651: 15643: 15639: 15629: 15627: 15618: 15617: 15613: 15607:Withington 2008 15605: 15601: 15593: 15589: 15581: 15577: 15569: 15565: 15557: 15548: 15538: 15536: 15528:Wood, Michael. 15526: 15519: 15511: 15507: 15499: 15495: 15482: 15481: 15477: 15467: 15465: 15457: 15456: 15452: 15443: 15439: 15429: 15427: 15419: 15418: 15411: 15401: 15399: 15391: 15390: 15386: 15376: 15374: 15365: 15364: 15360: 15352: 15348: 15340: 15333: 15325: 15321: 15313: 15309: 15299: 15297: 15288: 15287: 15278: 15268: 15266: 15261: 15260: 15256: 15248: 15244: 15236: 15232: 15222: 15220: 15213:Financial Times 15207: 15206: 15202: 15192: 15190: 15175: 15171: 15161: 15159: 15154: 15153: 15149: 15139: 15137: 15136:on 5 March 2016 15133: 15126: 15122: 15121: 15114: 15101: 15100: 15096: 15086: 15084: 15074: 15070: 15035: 15031: 15023: 15019: 15006: 15005: 15001: 14993: 14989: 14988: 14984: 14974: 14972: 14968: 14967: 14963: 14950: 14949: 14945: 14937: 14933: 14925: 14921: 14911: 14909: 14905: 14904: 14895: 14885: 14883: 14869: 14860: 14850: 14848: 14847:on 21 July 2011 14844: 14837: 14833: 14832: 14825: 14815: 14813: 14808: 14807: 14800: 14790: 14788: 14787:on 21 July 2012 14779: 14778: 14774: 14758: 14757: 14750: 14748: 14744: 14740: 14739: 14735: 14725: 14723: 14715: 14714: 14710: 14700: 14698: 14683: 14682: 14678: 14668: 14666: 14657: 14656: 14652: 14638: 14636: 14631: 14630: 14626: 14616: 14614: 14609: 14608: 14604: 14594: 14592: 14587: 14586: 14582: 14572: 14570: 14561: 14560: 14556: 14546: 14544: 14534: 14530: 14520: 14518: 14507: 14503: 14493: 14491: 14478: 14470: 14468: 14461:The Independent 14453: 14449: 14439: 14437: 14433: 14422: 14418: 14417: 14413: 14403: 14401: 14392: 14391: 14387: 14377: 14375: 14366: 14358: 14356: 14342: 14338: 14328: 14326: 14317: 14316: 14312: 14299: 14297: 14286: 14285: 14281: 14271: 14269: 14254: 14250: 14238: 14234: 14224: 14222: 14215:The Independent 14209: 14208: 14204: 14194: 14192: 14177: 14173: 14163: 14161: 14150: 14146: 14136: 14134: 14117: 14110: 14100: 14098: 14089: 14088: 14077: 14064: 14063: 14048: 14038: 14036: 14035:. 16 March 2001 14027: 14026: 14022: 14012: 14010: 13992: 13990: 13979: 13975: 13965: 13963: 13954: 13953: 13949: 13939: 13937: 13936:on 19 July 2011 13933: 13926: 13920: 13916: 13906: 13904: 13895: 13894: 13890: 13880: 13878: 13869: 13868: 13864: 13854: 13852: 13842: 13831: 13821: 13819: 13805: 13801: 13791: 13789: 13775: 13768: 13758: 13756: 13752: 13741: 13737: 13736: 13732: 13722: 13720: 13712: 13711: 13707: 13697: 13695: 13691: 13680: 13676: 13675: 13671: 13661: 13659: 13651: 13650: 13646: 13636: 13634: 13633:. 20 April 2020 13625: 13624: 13620: 13610: 13608: 13607:on 21 June 2023 13593: 13592: 13588: 13578: 13576: 13568: 13567: 13563: 13553: 13551: 13543: 13542: 13538: 13528: 13526: 13516: 13512: 13502: 13500: 13492: 13491: 13487: 13477: 13475: 13466: 13465: 13461: 13451: 13449: 13438: 13437: 13433: 13420: 13414: 13410: 13409: 13402: 13392: 13390: 13382: 13381: 13377: 13369: 13360: 13350: 13348: 13335: 13334: 13330: 13322: 13315: 13305: 13303: 13298: 13297: 13293: 13280: 13279: 13275: 13265: 13263: 13250: 13249: 13245: 13235: 13233: 13224: 13223: 13219: 13209: 13207: 13194: 13193: 13189: 13166: 13162: 13154: 13145: 13135: 13133: 13125: 13124: 13120: 13109: 13107: 13106:on 5 March 2023 13103: 13096: 13092: 13091: 13087: 13077: 13075: 13066: 13065: 13061: 13044: 13040: 13030: 13028: 13019: 13018: 13014: 13007: 12993: 12989: 12979: 12977: 12971:"Royal Society" 12967: 12963: 12951: 12947: 12946: 12939: 12929: 12927: 12918: 12917: 12913: 12903: 12901: 12886: 12882: 12874:, p. 335; 12866: 12862: 12857: 12853: 12845: 12841: 12796: 12792: 12775: 12771: 12761: 12759: 12758:on 20 July 2016 12746: 12745: 12741: 12731: 12729: 12725: 12718: 12714: 12713: 12709: 12699: 12697: 12688: 12687: 12683: 12673: 12671: 12662: 12661: 12657: 12647: 12645: 12636: 12635: 12631: 12621: 12619: 12610: 12609: 12605: 12595: 12593: 12584: 12583: 12579: 12569: 12567: 12557: 12553: 12543: 12541: 12532: 12531: 12527: 12517: 12515: 12511: 12504: 12500: 12499: 12495: 12485: 12483: 12482:on 13 July 2011 12474: 12473: 12469: 12459: 12457: 12443: 12439: 12429: 12427: 12419: 12418: 12414: 12402: 12396: 12392: 12382: 12380: 12373:The Independent 12365: 12361: 12351: 12349: 12341: 12340: 12329: 12316: 12315: 12311: 12301: 12299: 12286: 12282: 12272: 12270: 12262: 12261: 12257: 12247: 12245: 12237: 12236: 12232: 12222: 12220: 12211: 12210: 12206: 12196: 12194: 12190: 12189: 12185: 12175: 12173: 12164: 12163: 12159: 12146: 12145: 12141: 12131: 12129: 12121: 12120: 12116: 12106: 12104: 12095: 12094: 12083: 12073: 12071: 12062: 12061: 12057: 12047: 12045: 12040: 12039: 12035: 12025: 12023: 12021: 12007: 12006: 12002: 11992: 11990: 11981: 11980: 11973: 11963: 11961: 11952: 11951: 11947: 11937: 11935: 11926: 11925: 11921: 11911: 11909: 11904: 11903: 11899: 11889: 11887: 11878: 11877: 11873: 11863: 11861: 11850: 11849: 11845: 11837: 11833: 11823: 11821: 11810: 11806: 11798: 11794: 11784: 11782: 11772: 11768: 11760: 11756: 11748: 11741: 11731: 11729: 11721: 11720: 11716: 11706: 11704: 11695: 11694: 11690: 11680: 11678: 11674: 11667: 11663: 11662: 11658: 11645: 11644: 11640: 11632: 11628: 11618: 11616: 11612: 11605: 11601: 11600: 11596: 11588: 11584: 11576: 11572: 11562: 11560: 11555: 11554: 11550: 11540: 11538: 11529: 11528: 11524: 11514: 11512: 11511:. Parliament.uk 11507: 11506: 11502: 11492: 11490: 11480: 11476: 11466: 11464: 11456: 11455: 11451: 11439: 11435: 11425: 11423: 11408: 11399: 11387: 11383: 11373: 11371: 11360: 11359: 11355: 11329: 11325: 11317: 11310: 11302: 11298: 11286: 11282: 11272: 11270: 11267:The Independent 11259: 11255: 11247: 11243: 11233: 11231: 11224: 11220: 11210: 11208: 11201: 11197: 11187: 11185: 11183: 11167: 11163: 11155: 11151: 11142: 11138: 11128: 11126: 11113: 11112: 11108: 11098: 11096: 11095:on 9 March 2012 11087: 11086: 11082: 11072: 11070: 11048: 11044: 11034: 11032: 11031:on 28 July 2014 11023: 11022: 11018: 11006: 10999: 10989: 10987: 10980: 10976: 10968: 10964: 10954: 10952: 10951:on 21 June 2008 10943: 10942: 10935: 10925: 10923: 10915: 10914: 10910: 10900: 10898: 10890: 10889: 10885: 10859: 10855: 10845: 10843: 10841: 10825: 10821: 10812: 10808: 10798: 10796: 10786: 10785: 10781: 10771: 10769: 10765: 10754: 10748: 10744: 10734: 10732: 10719: 10714: 10707: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10677: 10673: 10663: 10661: 10653: 10652: 10648: 10628: 10624: 10616: 10612: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10575: 10573: 10564: 10563: 10559: 10549: 10547: 10546:on 10 July 2008 10534: 10533: 10529: 10521: 10517: 10509:, p. 230; 10505: 10501: 10493: 10489: 10479: 10477: 10476:on 24 June 2008 10464: 10463: 10459: 10451: 10444: 10434: 10432: 10427: 10426: 10422: 10414: 10410: 10400: 10398: 10393: 10392: 10388: 10380: 10376: 10368: 10364: 10354: 10352: 10344: 10343: 10339: 10300: 10296: 10280: 10251: 10249: 10245: 10238: 10232: 10228: 10217: 10210: 10200: 10198: 10193:James, Edward. 10191: 10184: 10176: 10172: 10164: 10160: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10123: 10121: 10105: 10103: 10090:Bedoyere, Guy. 10088: 10084: 10073: 10069: 10059: 10057: 10052: 10051: 10047: 10037: 10035: 10020: 10016: 10006: 10004: 10002: 9986: 9982: 9972: 9970: 9966: 9965: 9961: 9951: 9949: 9944: 9943: 9939: 9931: 9927: 9917: 9915: 9914:on 5 March 2011 9906: 9898: 9896: 9892: 9885: 9881: 9880: 9876: 9866: 9864: 9855: 9854: 9850: 9842: 9838: 9827: 9823: 9815: 9811: 9801: 9799: 9789: 9788: 9784: 9774: 9772: 9759: 9758: 9754: 9750:, pp. 6–7. 9746: 9742: 9734: 9730: 9720: 9718: 9710: 9709: 9705: 9697: 9693: 9678: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9653: 9652: 9648: 9638: 9636: 9627: 9626: 9622: 9612: 9610: 9597: 9596: 9592: 9582: 9580: 9575: 9574: 9570: 9560: 9558: 9550: 9537: 9533: 9523: 9521: 9508: 9507: 9503: 9493: 9491: 9482: 9481: 9477: 9467: 9465: 9464:. 24 April 2024 9456: 9455: 9448: 9438: 9436: 9435:. 24 April 2024 9427: 9426: 9422: 9412: 9410: 9409:. 26 March 2024 9399: 9398: 9387: 9377: 9375: 9364: 9363: 9359: 9349: 9347: 9330: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9308: 9289:House of Wessex 9282: 9278: 9268:Francis Johnson 9245: 9241: 9235: 9231: 9226: 9222: 9217: 9213: 9203:English descent 9176: 9172: 9167: 9163: 9153: 9149: 9141: 9137: 9132: 9128: 9123: 9119: 9114: 9091: 9086: 9084: 9077: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9013:in 1198. It is 8973:Rose of England 8947:, the nation's 8880:flag of England 8876: 8870: 8800:horse race the 8761:world champion 8581:Wembley Stadium 8539:Wembley Stadium 8423:presenting the 8413: 8407: 8355:Financial Times 8293: 8287: 8231:British Library 8216:Blenheim Palace 8200:Tower of London 8157: 8151: 8142:Winnie the Pooh 8136:The Jungle Book 8065:Paul Greengrass 8028:Christopher Lee 8026:films starring 7913:Charlie Chaplin 7885: 7879: 7776:music festivals 7656:and worldwide. 7448:Robert Harley's 7434:Wynkyn de Worde 7410: 7409: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7397: 7396: 7389: 7386: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7371: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7360: 7353: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7335: 7332: 7325: 7319: 7314: 7308: 7302: 7300:Performing arts 7286:Terry Pratchett 7282:Agatha Christie 7242:Rudyard Kipling 7226:Charles Dickens 7190:guild socialism 7178:William Cobbett 7176:and tradition; 7103: 7096: 7054:social contract 7030:Elizabethan age 6845: 6839: 6799:J. M. W. Turner 6788:Joshua Reynolds 6764:Godfrey Kneller 6689:North Yorkshire 6681: 6680: 6673:, 1888, in the 6639: 6633: 6627: 6554:hybrid dishes, 6451:(usually beef, 6410: 6390: 6388:English cuisine 6384: 6336:Maypole dancing 6188: 6182: 6109: 6103: 6065:English Baroque 6057:wattle and daub 6045:parish churches 6031:there was also 5990:Tower of London 5979:Early Christian 5955:in East Sussex. 5856: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5798:Financial Times 5730:academic degree 5726: 5702:apprenticeships 5688:for two years. 5667:private schools 5659:grammar schools 5607: 5601: 5553:Pagan religions 5391:, while saints 5377:Catholic Church 5315:Anglo-Catholics 5292:Henry VIII 5272: 5266: 5260: 5224:second language 5035: 5025: 5006:ethnic minority 4879: 4865: 4859: 4854: 4848: 4836:life expectancy 4769:'s 1942 report 4760: 4754: 4667: 4661: 4649:Port of Tilbury 4631:, which is the 4568:from 2024. The 4424: 4418: 4356:Henry Cavendish 4340:learned society 4222:modern computer 4191:Matthew Boulton 4172:Thomas Newcomen 4145:Richard Dawkins 4117:Stephen Hawking 4081: 4073:Main articles: 4071: 3969:, automotives, 3967:pharmaceuticals 3929:Bank of England 3875:economic policy 3855: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3744:South Hampshire 3633: 3606: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3483: 3477: 3371:Natural England 3347: 3341: 3311:, its northern 3291: 3285: 3269:Somerset Levels 3265:Salisbury Plain 3261:cliffs of Dover 3226:Yorkshire Dales 3145:The village of 3116:Bristol Channel 3069:Hauts-de-France 3050:Isles of Scilly 3018: 3013: 3007: 2995:London Boroughs 2972:London Assembly 2968:1998 referendum 2964: 2942:with their own 2888:British monarch 2880:Lord Lieutenant 2853: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2790: 2788:North Yorkshire 2785: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2573: 2567: 2549: 2543: 2492:Court of Appeal 2481:legal precedent 2473:Treaty of Union 2438: 2432: 2410:, 116 from the 2389:2004 referendum 2353:Treaty of Union 2318: 2312: 2307: 2137:Napoleonic Wars 2101:Napoleonic Wars 2037: 2031:Georgian period 2019: 2007:political union 1922:Oliver Cromwell 1870:Charles II 1835: 1833:Treaty of Union 1825: 1774:Competing with 1764:Elizabethan era 1712: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1702: 1694: 1693: 1690:King Henry VIII 1687: 1676: 1617:House of Valois 1545:Norman Conquest 1496:Sweyn Forkbeard 1375: 1369: 1291:, Queen of the 1271:, subsequently 1265: 1263:Ancient history 1153:to Ireland and 1118:Homo antecessor 1098: 1092: 1087: 1080: 1074: 1030:Scottish Gaelic 1006:, in which the 937:Germanic tribes 919: 913: 786:sovereign state 727:English Channel 632: 629: 608: 578: 568: 556: 538: 528: 510: 500: 490: 473: 463: 442: 429: 374: 343: 327: 318:Sovereign state 297: 243: 242: 235: 227: 194: 193: 186: 145: 143: 139: 136: 131: 128: 126: 124: 123: 122: 116: 98: 97: 90: 66: 61:Predominantly " 60: 51: 46: 45: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 23430: 23420: 23419: 23414: 23409: 23404: 23399: 23394: 23368:53.13°N 1.38°W 23345: 23344: 23339: 23338: 23336: 23335: 23333:Worcestershire 23330: 23325: 23323:West Yorkshire 23320: 23315: 23310: 23305: 23300: 23295: 23290: 23285: 23280: 23275: 23270: 23265: 23260: 23255: 23250: 23248:Northumberland 23245: 23240: 23235: 23230: 23228:City of London 23225: 23220: 23218:Leicestershire 23215: 23210: 23205: 23200: 23195: 23190: 23185: 23180: 23178:Greater London 23175: 23170: 23165: 23160: 23155: 23150: 23145: 23140: 23135: 23130: 23125: 23120: 23118:Cambridgeshire 23115: 23110: 23105: 23100: 23094: 23091: 23090: 23073: 23072: 23065: 23058: 23050: 23041: 23040: 23037: 23036: 23034: 23033: 23028: 23023: 23018: 23016:Northern Irish 23013: 23008: 23003: 22998: 22993: 22988: 22983: 22978: 22972: 22970: 22966: 22965: 22962: 22961: 22959: 22958: 22953: 22948: 22943: 22937: 22935: 22931: 22930: 22928: 22927: 22922: 22917: 22912: 22907: 22901: 22899: 22893: 22892: 22890: 22889: 22884: 22879: 22874: 22869: 22863: 22861: 22855: 22854: 22852: 22851: 22846: 22840: 22838: 22829: 22822: 22818: 22817: 22814: 22813: 22811: 22810: 22805: 22800: 22795: 22790: 22789: 22788: 22778: 22772: 22770: 22766: 22765: 22763: 22762: 22757: 22752: 22747: 22746: 22745: 22740: 22735: 22730: 22723:United Kingdom 22720: 22714: 22712: 22711:Current states 22708: 22707: 22705: 22704: 22698: 22696: 22689: 22677: 22676: 22673: 22672: 22670: 22669: 22668: 22667: 22662: 22657: 22650:United Kingdom 22647: 22642: 22637: 22632: 22626: 22624: 22620: 22619: 22617: 22616: 22611: 22610: 22609: 22604: 22597:Northern Isles 22594: 22589: 22584: 22583: 22582: 22577: 22567: 22562: 22557: 22551: 22549: 22542: 22538: 22537: 22534: 22533: 22531: 22530: 22525: 22520: 22515: 22510: 22504: 22502: 22498: 22497: 22495: 22494: 22489: 22484: 22478: 22476: 22470: 22469: 22467: 22466: 22460: 22455: 22450: 22444:United Kingdom 22441: 22435: 22433: 22424: 22420: 22419: 22417: 22416: 22415: 22414: 22409: 22404: 22399: 22394: 22389: 22384: 22374: 22368: 22365: 22364: 22357: 22356: 22349: 22342: 22334: 22325: 22324: 22314: 22311: 22310: 22308: 22307: 22301: 22299: 22295: 22294: 22292: 22291: 22286: 22281: 22280: 22279: 22278: 22277: 22267: 22262: 22252: 22247: 22242: 22237: 22232: 22230:Cayman Islands 22227: 22222: 22217: 22210: 22205: 22200: 22194: 22192: 22186: 22185: 22183: 22182: 22177: 22172: 22171: 22170: 22165: 22160: 22149: 22147: 22141: 22140: 22138: 22137: 22132: 22127: 22122: 22116: 22114: 22112:United Kingdom 22103: 22102: 22094: 22093: 22086: 22079: 22071: 22062: 22061: 22059: 22058: 22053: 22046: 22045: 22038: 22030: 22029: 22026: 22025: 22022: 22021: 22018: 22017: 22014: 22013: 22011: 22010: 22005: 22000: 21995: 21990: 21985: 21984: 21983: 21973: 21968: 21967: 21966: 21964:First Minister 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21355:Rail transport 21352: 21347: 21342: 21337: 21331: 21329: 21323: 21322: 21320: 21319: 21314: 21309: 21304: 21294: 21289: 21281: 21276: 21271: 21266: 21261: 21256: 21255: 21254: 21243: 21237: 21231: 21230: 21227: 21226: 21223: 21222: 21220: 21219: 21214: 21209: 21204: 21198: 21196: 21190: 21189: 21187: 21186: 21185: 21184: 21177:Prime Minister 21174: 21173: 21172: 21162: 21157: 21152: 21151: 21150: 21139: 21137: 21131: 21130: 21128: 21127: 21125:Shadow Cabinet 21122: 21117: 21112: 21107: 21106: 21105: 21103:House of Lords 21100: 21090: 21085: 21084: 21083: 21078: 21068: 21063: 21058: 21053: 21048: 21047: 21046: 21036: 21031: 21030: 21029: 21019: 21014: 21009: 21003: 20993: 20987: 20986: 20983: 20982: 20979: 20978: 20976: 20975: 20974: 20973: 20968: 20960: 20959: 20958: 20953: 20945: 20940: 20939: 20938: 20933: 20928: 20920: 20919: 20918: 20913: 20908: 20903: 20898: 20893: 20888: 20883: 20878: 20873: 20863: 20857: 20855: 20849: 20848: 20846: 20845: 20840: 20835: 20830: 20825: 20820: 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20275: 20274: 20273: 20263: 20258: 20256:Middle England 20253: 20248: 20243: 20238: 20233: 20228: 20223: 20218: 20213: 20208: 20203: 20198: 20193: 20188: 20182: 20172: 20166: 20165: 20162: 20161: 20159: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20143: 20138: 20137: 20136: 20125: 20119: 20113: 20112: 20109: 20108: 20106: 20105: 20100: 20095: 20090: 20085: 20080: 20075: 20070: 20064: 20058: 20052: 20051: 20048: 20047: 20045: 20044: 20039: 20034: 20028: 20026: 20022: 20021: 20019: 20018: 20013: 20008: 20003: 19998: 19992: 19990: 19989:Prior Kingdoms 19986: 19985: 19983: 19982: 19977: 19972: 19966: 19964: 19960: 19959: 19957: 19956: 19951: 19946: 19941: 19935: 19933: 19927: 19926: 19924: 19923: 19918: 19913: 19908: 19903: 19898: 19893: 19888: 19883: 19877: 19875: 19869: 19868: 19866: 19865: 19860: 19858:Angevin Empire 19855: 19850: 19844: 19842: 19838: 19837: 19835: 19834: 19833: 19832: 19827: 19822: 19812: 19807: 19802: 19796: 19794: 19790: 19789: 19787: 19786: 19784:United Kingdom 19781: 19776: 19771: 19766: 19761: 19756: 19751: 19746: 19740: 19738: 19731: 19725: 19724: 19722: articles 19716: 19715: 19708: 19701: 19693: 19687: 19686: 19671: 19665: 19659: 19653: 19647: 19639: 19638:External links 19636: 19634: 19633: 19627: 19611: 19605: 19585: 19579: 19562: 19556: 19540: 19534: 19528:. Read Books. 19521: 19515: 19502: 19496: 19483: 19464: 19458: 19445: 19426: 19420: 19403: 19397: 19381: 19375: 19362: 19356: 19350:. Allen Lane. 19340: 19334: 19321: 19315: 19302: 19296: 19283: 19277: 19265:Scruton, Roger 19261: 19255: 19240: 19234: 19216: 19210: 19197: 19191: 19178: 19176:. D. Appleton. 19168:Ripley, George 19164: 19158: 19145: 19139: 19119: 19113: 19100: 19094: 19079: 19073: 19057: 19051: 19033: 19027: 19007: 19001: 18984: 18978: 18965: 18959: 18946: 18940: 18927: 18921: 18908: 18902: 18889: 18883: 18870: 18864: 18851: 18845: 18832: 18826: 18813: 18807: 18790: 18784: 18769: 18763: 18746: 18740: 18727: 18714: 18708: 18693: 18687: 18674: 18668: 18655: 18649: 18636: 18630: 18617: 18611: 18598: 18592: 18579: 18573: 18557: 18551: 18538: 18532: 18519: 18513: 18496: 18490: 18474: 18468: 18455: 18449: 18436: 18430: 18414: 18408: 18392: 18386: 18373: 18367: 18354: 18348: 18335: 18329: 18315:Crystal, David 18311: 18305: 18292: 18286: 18269: 18263: 18246: 18240: 18222: 18216: 18203: 18197: 18181: 18175: 18162: 18156: 18144:Steed, Michael 18139: 18122: 18116: 18100: 18094: 18078: 18072: 18060:Bennett, James 18056: 18050: 18037: 18031: 18018: 18012: 17999: 17993: 17987:. Read Books. 17980: 17974: 17961: 17955: 17941:Ackroyd, Peter 17936: 17934: 17931: 17928: 17927: 17901: 17871: 17844: 17818: 17792: 17785: 17765: 17739: 17709: 17686: 17660: 17641: 17611: 17585: 17573: 17546: 17544:, p. 958. 17534: 17508: 17499: 17466: 17454: 17432: 17418: 17407:. 15 July 2019 17392: 17361: 17357:Underdown 2000 17349: 17323: 17311: 17299: 17273: 17255: 17229: 17196: 17171: 17145: 17127: 17106: 17088: 17056: 17038: 17013:on 10 May 2011 17007:Media Newsline 16993: 16963: 16937: 16916: 16872: 16850: 16818: 16793: 16775: 16749: 16727: 16697: 16670: 16640: 16618: 16589: 16564: 16537: 16525: 16513: 16494: 16476: 16462: 16443: 16417: 16391: 16384: 16378:. p. 79. 16374:. New Jersey: 16360: 16342: 16333: 16320: 16308: 16291: 16266: 16241: 16239:, p. 371. 16226: 16217: 16205: 16194:on 1 July 2007 16175: 16173:, p. 166. 16171:Stradling 1993 16163: 16156: 16138: 16120: 16108: 16106:, p. 690. 16096: 16084: 16082:, p. 970. 16072: 16070:, p. 268. 16060: 16058:, p. 360. 16048: 16036: 16006: 15994: 15979: 15977:, p. 135. 15967: 15955: 15940: 15928:www.thersa.org 15915: 15884: 15849: 15823: 15793: 15768: 15742: 15720: 15700: 15675: 15649: 15637: 15611: 15609:, p. 224. 15599: 15587: 15585:, p. 649. 15575: 15573:, p. 732. 15563: 15546: 15517: 15515:, p. 272. 15505: 15493: 15488:www.rhs.org.uk 15475: 15463:National Trust 15450: 15437: 15409: 15397:National Trust 15384: 15358: 15346: 15344:, p. 189. 15331: 15319: 15317:, p. 326. 15307: 15276: 15254: 15252:, p. 317. 15242: 15240:, p. 383. 15230: 15200: 15169: 15147: 15112: 15094: 15068: 15049:(5): 389–414. 15029: 15027:, p. 102. 15017: 14999: 14982: 14961: 14943: 14931: 14929:, p. 246. 14919: 14893: 14882:on 7 July 2009 14858: 14823: 14812:. FlagSpot.net 14798: 14772: 14733: 14708: 14676: 14650: 14624: 14602: 14580: 14554: 14528: 14501: 14447: 14411: 14385: 14336: 14310: 14279: 14248: 14232: 14202: 14171: 14144: 14108: 14075: 14046: 14020: 13973: 13947: 13914: 13888: 13862: 13829: 13799: 13788:on 25 May 2009 13766: 13730: 13705: 13669: 13644: 13618: 13586: 13561: 13536: 13524:POWER Magazine 13510: 13485: 13459: 13431: 13428:on 9 May 2015. 13400: 13375: 13373:, p. 781. 13358: 13347:on 13 May 2011 13328: 13313: 13291: 13273: 13256:www.orr.gov.uk 13243: 13217: 13187: 13160: 13143: 13118: 13085: 13059: 13038: 13027:. 13 July 2007 13012: 13005: 12987: 12961: 12937: 12911: 12880: 12870:, p. 13; 12860: 12851: 12839: 12790: 12769: 12739: 12707: 12681: 12655: 12629: 12618:on 8 July 2009 12603: 12592:on 8 July 2009 12577: 12551: 12540:. 21 July 2021 12525: 12493: 12467: 12437: 12412: 12390: 12359: 12327: 12324:. 17 May 2012. 12309: 12280: 12255: 12230: 12204: 12183: 12157: 12139: 12114: 12081: 12055: 12033: 12019: 12000: 11989:on 5 June 2011 11971: 11945: 11919: 11897: 11871: 11843: 11841:, p. 315. 11831: 11804: 11792: 11766: 11754: 11739: 11714: 11688: 11656: 11638: 11626: 11594: 11592:, p. 127. 11582: 11570: 11548: 11522: 11509:"Lists of MPs" 11500: 11483:Cabinet Office 11474: 11449: 11433: 11422:on 25 May 2010 11397: 11395:, p. 180. 11381: 11353: 11323: 11308: 11304:Gallagher 2006 11296: 11280: 11253: 11251:, p. 180. 11241: 11218: 11195: 11181: 11161: 11149: 11136: 11106: 11080: 11052:, p. 9.; 11042: 11016: 10997: 10974: 10970:Gallagher 2006 10962: 10933: 10908: 10883: 10868:, ed. 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John Murray. 10208: 10182: 10180:, p. 143. 10170: 10158: 10144: 10102:on 3 July 2009 10082: 10067: 10045: 10014: 10000: 9980: 9959: 9937: 9935:, p. 173. 9925: 9874: 9848: 9836: 9821: 9809: 9782: 9752: 9748:Molyneaux 2015 9740: 9738:, p. 570. 9728: 9703: 9691: 9672: 9646: 9620: 9590: 9568: 9531: 9520:on 16 May 2008 9514:britainusa.com 9501: 9475: 9446: 9420: 9385: 9357: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9276: 9256:Prince Charles 9252:Richard Rogers 9239: 9229: 9220: 9211: 9170: 9161: 9147: 9135: 9126: 9116: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9109: 9108: 9103: 9097: 9096: 9082: 9079:England portal 9066: 9063: 8920:Commonwealth's 8916:New Model Army 8872:Main article: 8869: 8866: 8802:Grand National 8666:originated in 8583:, home of the 8571:UEFA Euro 2022 8563:Sheffield F.C. 8510:, sailing and 8409:Main article: 8406: 8403: 8289:Main article: 8286: 8283: 8227:British Museum 8204:Jurassic Coast 8192:Hadrian's Wall 8184:country houses 8180:National Trust 8150: 8147: 8097:Felicity Jones 8077:Richard Curtis 8012:Ealing Studios 7979:feature film. 7878: 7875: 7841:is the oldest 7800:Boishakhi Mela 7774:Large outdoor 7564:. 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Lawrence 7230:Brontë sisters 7186:Hilaire Belloc 7131:Alexander Pope 7123:Jeremy Bentham 7119:Samuel Johnson 7088: 7010:Edmund Spenser 6841:Main article: 6838: 6835: 6821:, revived the 6803:Norwich School 6795:John Constable 6768:William Dobson 6697:Creswell Crags 6675:Pre-Raphaelite 6654:John Constable 6641: 6640: 6629:Main article: 6626: 6623: 6465:fish and chips 6447:, featuring a 6386:Main article: 6383: 6380: 6372:Morris costume 6356:cheese-rolling 6352:bottle-kicking 6346:in Yorkshire, 6332:Morris dancing 6324:Gunpowder Plot 6269:Arthurian myth 6184:Main article: 6181: 6178: 6166:National Trust 6107:English garden 6105:Main article: 6102: 6099: 6087:Gothic Revival 6079:Royal Crescent 6002:Windsor Castle 5994:Warwick Castle 5932:Bath, Somerset 5924:Hadrian's Wall 5868:Devil's Arrows 5860:standing stone 5855: 5852: 5841:Main article: 5838: 5835: 5725: 5722: 5692:(particularly 5603:Main article: 5600: 5597: 5546:Southeast Asia 5436:non-conformist 5262:Main article: 5259: 5256: 5228:third language 5193:. 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Empire 2018: 2015: 2003:Stuart dynasty 1950:Bill of Rights 1926:Lord Protector 1847:personal union 1824: 1821: 1780:Walter Raleigh 1748:1535–1542 acts 1703: 1696: 1695: 1688: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1621:House of Capet 1577:Angevin Empire 1393:Roman military 1371:Main article: 1368: 1365: 1264: 1261: 1245:Roman Republic 1217:Celtic culture 1162:Beaker culture 1094:Main article: 1091: 1088: 1076:Main article: 1073: 1070: 912: 909: 703:United Kingdom 690: 689: 684: 678: 677: 672: 666: 665: 662: 656: 655: 648: 644: 643: 630: 623: 620: 619: 606: 602: 601: 587: 583: 582: 579: 576: 573: 572: 569: 566: 563: 562: 559: 549: 548: 545: 544: 541: 535: 534: 531: 525: 524: 521: 515: 514: 511: 509:• Density 508: 505: 504: 501: 498: 495: 494: 491: 488: 485: 484: 478: 477: 474: 471: 468: 467: 464: 461: 458: 457: 451: 450: 447: 446: 443: 437: 434: 433: 432:by 12 July 927 430: 424: 421: 420: 417: 416: 410: 409: 406: 405: 402: 401: 395: 388: 387: 381: 380: 375: 369: 366: 365: 362: 361: 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22801: 22799: 22796: 22794: 22791: 22787: 22784: 22783: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22773: 22771: 22769:Former states 22767: 22761: 22758: 22756: 22753: 22751: 22748: 22744: 22741: 22739: 22736: 22734: 22731: 22729: 22726: 22725: 22724: 22721: 22719: 22716: 22715: 22713: 22709: 22703: 22700: 22699: 22697: 22695:Island groups 22693: 22690: 22687: 22682: 22678: 22666: 22663: 22661: 22658: 22656: 22653: 22652: 22651: 22648: 22646: 22643: 22641: 22638: 22636: 22633: 22631: 22628: 22627: 22625: 22621: 22615: 22612: 22608: 22605: 22603: 22600: 22599: 22598: 22595: 22593: 22590: 22588: 22585: 22581: 22578: 22576: 22573: 22572: 22571: 22568: 22566: 22565:Great Britain 22563: 22561: 22558: 22556: 22553: 22552: 22550: 22548:Island groups 22546: 22543: 22539: 22529: 22526: 22524: 22521: 22519: 22516: 22514: 22511: 22509: 22506: 22505: 22503: 22499: 22493: 22490: 22488: 22485: 22483: 22480: 22479: 22477: 22475: 22471: 22464: 22461: 22459: 22456: 22454: 22451: 22449: 22445: 22442: 22440: 22437: 22436: 22434: 22432: 22428: 22425: 22421: 22413: 22410: 22408: 22405: 22403: 22400: 22398: 22395: 22393: 22390: 22388: 22385: 22383: 22380: 22379: 22378: 22375: 22373: 22370: 22369: 22366: 22362: 22361:British Isles 22355: 22350: 22348: 22343: 22341: 22336: 22335: 22332: 22321: 22317: 22312: 22306: 22303: 22302: 22300: 22296: 22290: 22287: 22285: 22282: 22276: 22273: 22272: 22271: 22268: 22266: 22263: 22261: 22258: 22257: 22256: 22253: 22251: 22248: 22246: 22243: 22241: 22238: 22236: 22233: 22231: 22228: 22226: 22223: 22221: 22218: 22216: 22215: 22211: 22209: 22206: 22204: 22201: 22199: 22196: 22195: 22193: 22191: 22187: 22181: 22178: 22176: 22173: 22169: 22166: 22164: 22161: 22159: 22156: 22155: 22154: 22151: 22150: 22148: 22146: 22142: 22136: 22133: 22131: 22128: 22126: 22123: 22121: 22118: 22117: 22115: 22113: 22108: 22104: 22100: 22099:British Crown 22092: 22087: 22085: 22080: 22078: 22073: 22072: 22069: 22057: 22054: 22052: 22049: 22048: 22043: 22039: 22036: 22032: 22031: 22027: 22009: 22006: 22004: 22001: 21999: 21996: 21994: 21991: 21989: 21986: 21982: 21979: 21978: 21977: 21974: 21972: 21969: 21965: 21962: 21960: 21957: 21955: 21952: 21951: 21950: 21947: 21945: 21942: 21940: 21937: 21936: 21934: 21932: 21928: 21922: 21919: 21917: 21914: 21912: 21909: 21907: 21904: 21902: 21899: 21897: 21894: 21890: 21887: 21886: 21885: 21882: 21880: 21877: 21873: 21870: 21868: 21865: 21863: 21860: 21859: 21858: 21855: 21853: 21850: 21846: 21843: 21842: 21841: 21838: 21837: 21835: 21833: 21829: 21823: 21820: 21818: 21815: 21813: 21810: 21808: 21805: 21803: 21800: 21796: 21793: 21792: 21791: 21788: 21786: 21783: 21779: 21776: 21774: 21771: 21769: 21766: 21765: 21764: 21761: 21759: 21756: 21754: 21751: 21750: 21748: 21746: 21742: 21736: 21733: 21731: 21728: 21726: 21723: 21721: 21718: 21716: 21713: 21711: 21708: 21704: 21701: 21700: 21699: 21696: 21694: 21691: 21689: 21686: 21684: 21681: 21677: 21674: 21672: 21669: 21668: 21667: 21664: 21663: 21661: 21659: 21655: 21651: 21647: 21642: 21638: 21634: 21624: 21621: 21619: 21616: 21614: 21611: 21609: 21606: 21604: 21601: 21599: 21596: 21594: 21591: 21589: 21586: 21584: 21581: 21579: 21576: 21574: 21571: 21567: 21564: 21563: 21562: 21559: 21557: 21554: 21552: 21549: 21547: 21544: 21543: 21541: 21539: 21535: 21529: 21528:Welfare state 21526: 21524: 21521: 21519: 21516: 21514: 21511: 21509: 21506: 21504: 21501: 21499: 21496: 21494: 21491: 21489: 21486: 21484: 21481: 21479: 21476: 21474: 21473:Mental health 21471: 21469: 21466: 21464: 21461: 21459: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21437: 21434: 21432: 21429: 21428: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21417: 21416:Ethnic groups 21414: 21412: 21409: 21407: 21404: 21402: 21399: 21397: 21394: 21392: 21389: 21387: 21384: 21382: 21379: 21378: 21375: 21372: 21370: 21366: 21356: 21353: 21351: 21348: 21346: 21343: 21341: 21340:Bus transport 21338: 21336: 21335:Air transport 21333: 21332: 21330: 21328: 21324: 21318: 21315: 21313: 21310: 21308: 21305: 21302: 21298: 21295: 21293: 21290: 21288: 21282: 21280: 21279:Manufacturing 21277: 21275: 21272: 21270: 21267: 21265: 21262: 21260: 21257: 21253: 21250: 21249: 21248: 21245: 21244: 21241: 21238: 21236: 21232: 21218: 21215: 21213: 21210: 21208: 21205: 21203: 21200: 21199: 21197: 21195: 21191: 21183: 21180: 21179: 21178: 21175: 21171: 21168: 21167: 21166: 21163: 21161: 21158: 21156: 21155:Civil service 21153: 21149: 21146: 21145: 21144: 21141: 21140: 21138: 21136: 21132: 21126: 21123: 21121: 21118: 21116: 21113: 21111: 21108: 21104: 21101: 21099: 21096: 21095: 21094: 21091: 21089: 21086: 21082: 21081:republicanism 21079: 21077: 21074: 21073: 21072: 21069: 21067: 21064: 21062: 21059: 21057: 21054: 21052: 21049: 21045: 21042: 21041: 21040: 21037: 21035: 21032: 21028: 21025: 21024: 21023: 21020: 21018: 21015: 21013: 21010: 21008: 21005: 21004: 21001: 20997: 20994: 20992: 20988: 20972: 20969: 20967: 20964: 20963: 20961: 20957: 20954: 20952: 20949: 20948: 20946: 20944: 20941: 20937: 20934: 20932: 20929: 20927: 20924: 20923: 20921: 20917: 20914: 20912: 20909: 20907: 20904: 20902: 20901:North Sea oil 20899: 20897: 20894: 20892: 20889: 20887: 20884: 20882: 20879: 20877: 20874: 20872: 20869: 20868: 20867: 20864: 20862: 20859: 20858: 20856: 20854: 20850: 20844: 20841: 20839: 20836: 20834: 20831: 20829: 20826: 20824: 20821: 20819: 20816: 20812: 20809: 20808: 20807: 20804: 20800: 20799:Great Britain 20797: 20795: 20792: 20791: 20790: 20789:British Isles 20787: 20786: 20784: 20782: 20778: 20772: 20769: 20767: 20764: 20762: 20759: 20757: 20754: 20752: 20749: 20747: 20744: 20742: 20739: 20738: 20736: 20734: 20730: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20717: 20707: 20704: 20702: 20699: 20697: 20694: 20692: 20689: 20687: 20684: 20682: 20679: 20675: 20672: 20671: 20670: 20667: 20665: 20662: 20660: 20657: 20656: 20654: 20650: 20642: 20639: 20637: 20634: 20633: 20631: 20627: 20624: 20622: 20619: 20618: 20616: 20612: 20609: 20607: 20604: 20603: 20601: 20599: 20596: 20594: 20591: 20589: 20588:Edwardian era 20586: 20584: 20583:Victorian era 20581: 20579: 20576: 20574: 20571: 20570: 20568: 20566: 20562: 20559: 20557: 20553: 20548: 20541: 20536: 20534: 20529: 20527: 20522: 20521: 20518: 20512: 20505: 20498: 20486: 20483: 20481: 20478: 20477: 20472: 20468: 20467: 20463: 20453: 20450: 20446: 20443: 20442: 20441: 20438: 20436: 20433: 20431: 20428: 20426: 20423: 20421: 20418: 20414: 20413:national flag 20411: 20410: 20409: 20406: 20404: 20401: 20399: 20396: 20395: 20393: 20391: 20387: 20377: 20374: 20370: 20369:national team 20367: 20365: 20362: 20361: 20360: 20357: 20353: 20352:national team 20350: 20348: 20345: 20344: 20343: 20340: 20336: 20335:national team 20333: 20331: 20328: 20327: 20326: 20323: 20319: 20318:national team 20316: 20315: 20314: 20311: 20310: 20308: 20306: 20302: 20296: 20293: 20291: 20288: 20284: 20281: 20280: 20279: 20276: 20272: 20269: 20268: 20267: 20264: 20262: 20259: 20257: 20254: 20252: 20249: 20247: 20244: 20242: 20239: 20237: 20234: 20232: 20229: 20227: 20224: 20222: 20219: 20217: 20214: 20212: 20209: 20207: 20204: 20202: 20199: 20197: 20194: 20192: 20189: 20187: 20186:Afternoon tea 20184: 20183: 20180: 20176: 20173: 20171: 20167: 20157: 20154: 20152: 20149: 20147: 20144: 20142: 20139: 20135: 20132: 20131: 20130: 20127: 20126: 20123: 20120: 20118: 20114: 20104: 20101: 20099: 20096: 20094: 20091: 20089: 20086: 20084: 20081: 20079: 20076: 20074: 20071: 20069: 20066: 20065: 20062: 20059: 20057: 20053: 20043: 20042:House of York 20040: 20038: 20035: 20033: 20030: 20029: 20027: 20023: 20017: 20014: 20012: 20009: 20007: 20004: 20002: 19999: 19997: 19994: 19993: 19991: 19987: 19981: 19978: 19976: 19973: 19971: 19968: 19967: 19965: 19961: 19955: 19952: 19950: 19949:Edwardian era 19947: 19945: 19944:Victorian era 19942: 19940: 19937: 19936: 19934: 19932: 19928: 19922: 19919: 19917: 19914: 19912: 19909: 19907: 19904: 19902: 19899: 19897: 19894: 19892: 19889: 19887: 19886:Stuart period 19884: 19882: 19879: 19878: 19876: 19874: 19870: 19864: 19861: 19859: 19856: 19854: 19851: 19849: 19846: 19845: 19843: 19839: 19831: 19828: 19826: 19823: 19821: 19818: 19817: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19805:Roman Britain 19803: 19801: 19798: 19797: 19795: 19791: 19785: 19782: 19780: 19779:British Isles 19777: 19775: 19772: 19770: 19767: 19765: 19762: 19760: 19757: 19755: 19752: 19750: 19747: 19745: 19742: 19741: 19739: 19735: 19732: 19730: 19726: 19721: 19714: 19709: 19707: 19702: 19700: 19695: 19694: 19691: 19685: 19684:OpenStreetMap 19681: 19672: 19669: 19666: 19663: 19660: 19657: 19654: 19651: 19648: 19645: 19642: 19641: 19630: 19624: 19620: 19616: 19612: 19608: 19602: 19599:. Blackwell. 19597: 19596: 19590: 19586: 19582: 19576: 19571: 19570: 19563: 19559: 19553: 19549: 19545: 19541: 19537: 19531: 19527: 19522: 19518: 19512: 19508: 19503: 19499: 19493: 19489: 19484: 19472: 19471: 19465: 19461: 19455: 19452:. Routledge. 19451: 19446: 19442: 19438: 19434: 19433: 19427: 19423: 19417: 19412: 19411: 19404: 19400: 19394: 19390: 19386: 19382: 19378: 19372: 19369:. Routledge. 19368: 19363: 19359: 19353: 19349: 19345: 19341: 19337: 19331: 19327: 19322: 19318: 19312: 19308: 19303: 19299: 19293: 19289: 19284: 19280: 19274: 19271:. Macmillan. 19270: 19266: 19262: 19258: 19252: 19248: 19247: 19241: 19237: 19231: 19227: 19226: 19221: 19217: 19213: 19207: 19204:. McFarland. 19203: 19198: 19194: 19188: 19184: 19179: 19175: 19174: 19169: 19165: 19161: 19155: 19151: 19146: 19142: 19136: 19131: 19130: 19124: 19120: 19116: 19110: 19106: 19101: 19097: 19091: 19088:. Routledge. 19087: 19086: 19080: 19076: 19070: 19066: 19062: 19058: 19054: 19048: 19044: 19043: 19038: 19034: 19030: 19024: 19020: 19016: 19012: 19008: 19004: 18998: 18993: 18992: 18985: 18981: 18975: 18971: 18966: 18962: 18956: 18952: 18947: 18943: 18937: 18933: 18928: 18924: 18918: 18914: 18909: 18905: 18899: 18895: 18890: 18886: 18880: 18876: 18871: 18867: 18861: 18857: 18852: 18848: 18842: 18838: 18833: 18829: 18823: 18819: 18814: 18810: 18804: 18799: 18798: 18791: 18787: 18781: 18777: 18776: 18770: 18766: 18760: 18755: 18754: 18747: 18743: 18737: 18733: 18728: 18724: 18720: 18715: 18711: 18705: 18701: 18700: 18694: 18690: 18684: 18681:. Routledge. 18680: 18675: 18671: 18665: 18661: 18656: 18652: 18646: 18643:. Routledge. 18642: 18637: 18633: 18627: 18623: 18618: 18614: 18608: 18604: 18599: 18595: 18589: 18585: 18580: 18576: 18570: 18566: 18562: 18558: 18554: 18548: 18544: 18539: 18535: 18529: 18525: 18520: 18516: 18510: 18505: 18504: 18497: 18493: 18487: 18483: 18479: 18478:Foster, Damon 18475: 18471: 18465: 18461: 18456: 18452: 18446: 18442: 18437: 18433: 18427: 18423: 18419: 18415: 18411: 18405: 18401: 18397: 18393: 18389: 18383: 18379: 18374: 18370: 18364: 18360: 18355: 18351: 18345: 18341: 18336: 18332: 18326: 18322: 18321: 18316: 18312: 18308: 18302: 18298: 18293: 18289: 18283: 18278: 18277: 18270: 18266: 18260: 18255: 18254: 18247: 18243: 18237: 18233: 18232: 18227: 18226:Colley, Linda 18223: 18219: 18213: 18209: 18204: 18200: 18194: 18190: 18186: 18182: 18178: 18172: 18168: 18163: 18159: 18153: 18149: 18145: 18140: 18136: 18132: 18128: 18123: 18119: 18113: 18110:. Routledge. 18109: 18105: 18101: 18097: 18091: 18087: 18083: 18079: 18075: 18069: 18065: 18061: 18057: 18053: 18047: 18043: 18038: 18034: 18028: 18025:. Routledge. 18024: 18019: 18015: 18009: 18006:. Routledge. 18005: 18000: 17996: 17990: 17986: 17981: 17977: 17971: 17967: 17962: 17958: 17952: 17948: 17947: 17942: 17938: 17937: 17915: 17911: 17905: 17889: 17885: 17884:New Statesman 17881: 17875: 17859: 17855: 17848: 17832: 17828: 17822: 17806: 17802: 17796: 17788: 17782: 17778: 17777: 17769: 17753: 17749: 17743: 17727: 17723: 17722:Dartsdatabase 17719: 17713: 17697: 17690: 17674: 17670: 17664: 17656: 17652: 17645: 17629: 17625: 17621: 17615: 17599: 17595: 17589: 17582: 17577: 17562: 17561: 17556: 17550: 17543: 17538: 17523: 17519: 17512: 17503: 17496: 17484: 17480: 17476: 17470: 17463: 17458: 17442: 17436: 17428: 17422: 17406: 17402: 17396: 17380: 17376: 17372: 17365: 17358: 17353: 17338: 17334: 17327: 17320: 17315: 17308: 17303: 17287: 17283: 17282:Paul Mitchell 17277: 17269: 17265: 17259: 17243: 17239: 17233: 17217: 17213: 17209: 17203: 17201: 17185: 17181: 17175: 17159: 17155: 17149: 17141: 17137: 17131: 17123: 17121: 17116: 17110: 17102: 17098: 17092: 17073: 17066: 17060: 17052: 17048: 17042: 17034: 17028: 17012: 17008: 17004: 16997: 16981: 16977: 16973: 16967: 16951: 16947: 16941: 16933: 16926: 16920: 16905: 16901: 16886: 16885:Bloomberg.com 16882: 16876: 16860: 16854: 16835: 16828: 16822: 16807: 16803: 16797: 16789: 16785: 16779: 16764: 16760: 16753: 16738:. ArtInfo.com 16737: 16731: 16715: 16711: 16707: 16701: 16686: 16685: 16680: 16674: 16658: 16654: 16650: 16644: 16628: 16622: 16603: 16599: 16593: 16578: 16574: 16568: 16561: 16557: 16553: 16552: 16547: 16541: 16534: 16529: 16522: 16517: 16510: 16506: 16503: 16498: 16491: 16490: 16485: 16480: 16472: 16466: 16459: 16455: 16452: 16447: 16431: 16427: 16421: 16405: 16401: 16395: 16387: 16381: 16377: 16373: 16372: 16364: 16356: 16352: 16346: 16337: 16330: 16324: 16317: 16312: 16305: 16304: 16300: 16295: 16280: 16279:www.ppluk.com 16276: 16270: 16255: 16251: 16245: 16238: 16233: 16231: 16221: 16215:, p. 65. 16214: 16209: 16193: 16189: 16185: 16179: 16172: 16167: 16159: 16157:9780851120706 16153: 16149: 16142: 16134: 16130: 16124: 16117: 16112: 16105: 16104:Chappell 1966 16100: 16093: 16088: 16081: 16076: 16069: 16064: 16057: 16052: 16046:, p. 74. 16045: 16040: 16024: 16020: 16016: 16010: 16003: 16002:Norbrook 2000 15998: 15992:, p. 48. 15991: 15986: 15984: 15976: 15971: 15965:, p. 17. 15964: 15959: 15953:, p. 35. 15952: 15947: 15945: 15929: 15925: 15919: 15903: 15899: 15898:Tate Magazine 15895: 15888: 15872: 15868: 15867:"English art" 15862: 15860: 15858: 15856: 15854: 15837: 15833: 15827: 15811: 15807: 15803: 15797: 15778: 15772: 15756: 15752: 15746: 15730: 15724: 15716: 15711: 15704: 15688: 15682: 15680: 15663: 15659: 15653: 15647:, p. 76. 15646: 15641: 15626:on 5 May 2009 15625: 15621: 15615: 15608: 15603: 15597:, p. 26. 15596: 15591: 15584: 15579: 15572: 15567: 15561:, p. 25. 15560: 15555: 15553: 15551: 15535: 15531: 15524: 15522: 15514: 15509: 15503:, p. 50. 15502: 15497: 15489: 15485: 15479: 15464: 15460: 15454: 15447: 15441: 15426: 15422: 15416: 15414: 15398: 15394: 15388: 15373:. 12 May 2009 15372: 15368: 15362: 15356:, p. 17. 15355: 15350: 15343: 15342:Atkinson 2008 15338: 15336: 15329:, p. 14. 15328: 15323: 15316: 15315:Colgrave 1985 15311: 15295: 15291: 15285: 15283: 15281: 15264: 15258: 15251: 15246: 15239: 15234: 15219:on 4 May 2011 15218: 15214: 15210: 15204: 15188: 15184: 15180: 15173: 15157: 15151: 15132: 15125: 15119: 15117: 15108: 15104: 15098: 15082: 15078: 15072: 15064: 15060: 15056: 15052: 15048: 15044: 15040: 15033: 15026: 15021: 15013: 15009: 15003: 14992: 14986: 14971: 14965: 14957: 14953: 14947: 14941:, p. 28. 14940: 14935: 14928: 14923: 14908: 14902: 14900: 14898: 14881: 14877: 14873: 14867: 14865: 14863: 14843: 14836: 14830: 14828: 14811: 14805: 14803: 14786: 14782: 14776: 14768: 14762: 14743: 14737: 14722: 14718: 14712: 14696: 14692: 14687: 14680: 14664: 14660: 14654: 14647: 14634: 14628: 14612: 14606: 14590: 14584: 14568: 14564: 14558: 14543: 14539: 14532: 14516: 14512: 14505: 14489: 14485: 14481: 14466: 14462: 14458: 14451: 14432: 14428: 14421: 14415: 14399: 14395: 14389: 14373: 14369: 14354: 14350: 14346: 14340: 14324: 14320: 14314: 14307: 14296: 14294: 14289: 14283: 14267: 14263: 14262:The Globalist 14259: 14252: 14245: 14241: 14236: 14220: 14216: 14212: 14206: 14190: 14186: 14182: 14175: 14159: 14155: 14148: 14132: 14128: 14123: 14115: 14113: 14096: 14092: 14086: 14084: 14082: 14080: 14071: 14067: 14061: 14059: 14057: 14055: 14053: 14051: 14034: 14030: 14024: 14008: 14004: 13988: 13984: 13977: 13961: 13957: 13951: 13932: 13925: 13918: 13902: 13898: 13892: 13876: 13872: 13866: 13850: 13846: 13840: 13838: 13836: 13834: 13817: 13813: 13809: 13803: 13787: 13783: 13779: 13773: 13771: 13751: 13747: 13740: 13734: 13719: 13715: 13709: 13690: 13686: 13679: 13673: 13658: 13654: 13648: 13632: 13628: 13622: 13606: 13602: 13601: 13596: 13590: 13575: 13571: 13565: 13550: 13546: 13540: 13525: 13521: 13514: 13499: 13495: 13489: 13473: 13469: 13463: 13447: 13446: 13441: 13435: 13427: 13423: 13413: 13407: 13405: 13389: 13385: 13379: 13372: 13367: 13365: 13363: 13346: 13342: 13338: 13332: 13326:, p. 63. 13325: 13320: 13318: 13301: 13295: 13287: 13283: 13277: 13261: 13257: 13253: 13247: 13231: 13227: 13221: 13205: 13201: 13197: 13191: 13183: 13179: 13175: 13171: 13164: 13158:, p. 175 13157: 13152: 13150: 13148: 13132: 13128: 13122: 13102: 13095: 13089: 13073: 13069: 13063: 13056: 13055:0-415-10015-1 13052: 13048: 13042: 13026: 13022: 13016: 13008: 13002: 12998: 12991: 12976: 12972: 12965: 12957: 12950: 12944: 12942: 12925: 12921: 12915: 12899: 12895: 12891: 12884: 12878:, p. 183 12877: 12873: 12869: 12868:Saunders 1982 12864: 12855: 12849:, p. 214 12848: 12843: 12835: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12817: 12813: 12809: 12805: 12801: 12794: 12787: 12786:0-521-34804-8 12783: 12779: 12773: 12757: 12753: 12749: 12743: 12724: 12717: 12711: 12695: 12691: 12685: 12669: 12665: 12659: 12643: 12639: 12633: 12617: 12613: 12607: 12591: 12587: 12581: 12566: 12562: 12555: 12539: 12535: 12529: 12510: 12503: 12497: 12481: 12477: 12471: 12455: 12451: 12447: 12441: 12426: 12422: 12416: 12408: 12401: 12394: 12378: 12374: 12370: 12363: 12348: 12344: 12338: 12336: 12334: 12332: 12323: 12319: 12313: 12298: 12294: 12290: 12284: 12269: 12265: 12259: 12244: 12240: 12234: 12218: 12214: 12208: 12193: 12187: 12171: 12167: 12161: 12153: 12149: 12143: 12128: 12124: 12118: 12102: 12098: 12092: 12090: 12088: 12086: 12069: 12065: 12059: 12043: 12037: 12022: 12016: 12012: 12011: 12004: 11988: 11984: 11978: 11976: 11959: 11955: 11949: 11933: 11929: 11923: 11907: 11901: 11885: 11881: 11875: 11859: 11858: 11853: 11847: 11840: 11835: 11819: 11815: 11808: 11802:, p. 53. 11801: 11796: 11781: 11777: 11770: 11763: 11758: 11752:, p. 100 11751: 11746: 11744: 11728: 11724: 11718: 11702: 11698: 11692: 11673: 11666: 11660: 11652: 11648: 11642: 11636:, p. 67. 11635: 11634:Fafinski 2007 11630: 11611: 11604: 11598: 11591: 11590:Fafinski 2007 11586: 11580:, p. 60. 11579: 11578:Fafinski 2007 11574: 11558: 11552: 11536: 11532: 11526: 11510: 11504: 11488: 11484: 11478: 11463: 11459: 11453: 11446: 11442: 11437: 11421: 11417: 11413: 11406: 11404: 11402: 11394: 11391:, p. 3; 11390: 11385: 11369: 11368: 11363: 11357: 11349: 11345: 11341: 11337: 11333: 11327: 11321:, p. 50. 11320: 11315: 11313: 11305: 11300: 11294:, p. 55. 11293: 11290:, p. 1; 11289: 11284: 11268: 11264: 11257: 11250: 11245: 11229: 11222: 11206: 11199: 11184: 11178: 11174: 11173: 11165: 11158: 11153: 11146: 11140: 11124: 11120: 11116: 11110: 11094: 11090: 11084: 11068: 11064: 11060: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11030: 11026: 11020: 11013: 11010:, p. 5; 11009: 11004: 11002: 10985: 10982:Hudson, Pat. 10978: 10972:, p. 14. 10971: 10966: 10950: 10946: 10940: 10938: 10922: 10918: 10912: 10897: 10893: 10887: 10879: 10878: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10842: 10836: 10832: 10831: 10823: 10816: 10810: 10795: 10794: 10789: 10783: 10764: 10760: 10753: 10746: 10730: 10726: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10710: 10694: 10688: 10684: 10683: 10675: 10660: 10656: 10650: 10644: 10640: 10636: 10632: 10626: 10619: 10614: 10599: 10593: 10589: 10588: 10571: 10567: 10561: 10545: 10541: 10537: 10531: 10524: 10519: 10512: 10511:Goldberg 1996 10508: 10503: 10496: 10491: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10461: 10454: 10453:Bartlett 1999 10449: 10447: 10430: 10424: 10417: 10412: 10396: 10390: 10384:, p. 23. 10383: 10378: 10371: 10366: 10351: 10347: 10341: 10333: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10313: 10309: 10305: 10298: 10290: 10279: 10271: 10263: 10244: 10237: 10230: 10222: 10215: 10213: 10196: 10189: 10187: 10179: 10174: 10168:, p. 16. 10167: 10162: 10147: 10141: 10138:. Heinemann. 10137: 10136: 10120:. Vol. 2 10119: 10118: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10086: 10078: 10071: 10055: 10049: 10033: 10029: 10025: 10018: 10003: 9997: 9993: 9992: 9984: 9969: 9963: 9947: 9941: 9934: 9929: 9913: 9909: 9895:on 5 May 2021 9891: 9884: 9878: 9862: 9858: 9852: 9845: 9840: 9832: 9825: 9818: 9813: 9798: 9797: 9792: 9786: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9756: 9749: 9744: 9737: 9732: 9717: 9713: 9707: 9700: 9695: 9687: 9683: 9676: 9660: 9656: 9650: 9634: 9630: 9624: 9608: 9604: 9603:Ace.mmu.ac.uk 9600: 9594: 9578: 9572: 9557: 9556:parliament.uk 9553: 9546: 9542: 9535: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9505: 9489: 9485: 9479: 9463: 9459: 9453: 9451: 9434: 9430: 9424: 9408: 9407: 9402: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9390: 9373: 9372: 9367: 9361: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9317: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9291:, especially 9290: 9286: 9280: 9273: 9272:Quinlan Terry 9269: 9265: 9264:Raymond Erith 9261: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9248:Norman Foster 9243: 9233: 9224: 9215: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9165: 9157: 9156:Roger Scruton 9151: 9144: 9139: 9130: 9121: 9117: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9094: 9083: 9080: 9069: 9062: 9060: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9047: 9042: 9038: 9037: 9032: 9031: 9026: 9025: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9001: 8996: 8992: 8990: 8986: 8985:Oak Apple Day 8982: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8954: 8950: 8949:floral emblem 8946: 8939: 8935: 8930: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8906:. During the 8905: 8901: 8897: 8893: 8889: 8888:Doge of Genoa 8885: 8881: 8875: 8865: 8863: 8862:America's Cup 8859: 8855: 8850: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8822: 8818: 8813: 8811: 8807: 8803: 8799: 8798:National Hunt 8795: 8791: 8786: 8784: 8780: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8763:Nigel Mansell 8760: 8755: 8751: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8726:European Tour 8723: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8659: 8658:Sport England 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8634:Olympic Games 8631: 8627: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8605: 8601: 8594: 8590: 8587:, during the 8586: 8582: 8578: 8574: 8572: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8527: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8498:horseracing, 8497: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8462:, badminton, 8461: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8437: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8402: 8400: 8396: 8395: 8394:The Economist 8390: 8389: 8384: 8383: 8378: 8377: 8376:The Spectator 8372: 8371: 8370:New Scientist 8366: 8365: 8359: 8357: 8356: 8351: 8350: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8338: 8332: 8327: 8325: 8321: 8317: 8313: 8309: 8301: 8297: 8292: 8282: 8280: 8276: 8271: 8268:, the oldest 8267: 8263: 8258: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8223: 8221: 8220:Lake District 8217: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8146: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8137: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8106: 8105:Lashana Lynch 8102: 8101:Emilia Clarke 8098: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8029: 8025: 8024:Hammer Horror 8021: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8008: 8003: 8002: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7980: 7978: 7974: 7973: 7968: 7964: 7963: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7941:Michael Caine 7938: 7937:Julie Andrews 7934: 7933:Peter Sellers 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7903: 7902: 7898:'s 1962 epic 7897: 7893: 7892:Peter O'Toole 7889: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7847:royal charter 7844: 7843:conservatoire 7840: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7827:Covent Garden 7824: 7820: 7815: 7813: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7769: 7764: 7760: 7758: 7754: 7753:drum and bass 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7661:popular music 7657: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7640:Michael Nyman 7637: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7591: 7590: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7578: 7573: 7572: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7550:Henry Purcell 7547: 7543: 7542:Thomas Tallis 7538: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7519: 7518:Humpty Dumpty 7514: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7500: 7499: 7498:Jack and Jill 7494: 7493: 7492:Roses Are Red 7488: 7487: 7482: 7478: 7477: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7465: 7460: 7459: 7454: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7438:John Playford 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7408: 7406: 7385: 7367: 7349: 7331: 7313: 7307: 7297: 7295: 7294:J. K. Rowling 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7278:Aldous Huxley 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7258:George Orwell 7255: 7254:Lewis Carroll 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7222:Victorian era 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7202:G. D. H. Cole 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7166: 7164: 7160: 7159:William Blake 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7107:Enlightenment 7102: 7099: 7093: 7087: 7085: 7081: 7080: 7079:Paradise Lost 7075: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7060:wrote on the 7059: 7055: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7038:Thomas Hobbes 7035: 7034:Francis Bacon 7031: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7014:Philip Sydney 7011: 7007: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6995: 6994: 6989: 6988: 6983: 6982: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6932:, along with 6931: 6930: 6925: 6922:emerged with 6921: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6906:hagiographies 6903: 6902: 6897: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6849: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6778:based on the 6777: 6773: 6772:Royal Academy 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6701:Roman culture 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6667: 6662: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6645: 6638: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6603:English beers 6600: 6595: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6536:Red Leicester 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6516: 6514: 6513:Cornish pasty 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6481:black pudding 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6449:roasted joint 6446: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6422: 6418: 6416: 6409: 6408: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6360:Cooper's Hill 6357: 6353: 6349: 6348:Mummers Plays 6345: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6320:Bonfire Night 6316: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6238:Offa of Angel 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6187: 6177: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5998:Durham Castle 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5954: 5953:Robertsbridge 5950: 5947: 5943: 5942:Bodiam Castle 5939: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5904:Roman temples 5901: 5897: 5893: 5892:amphitheaters 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5858:Many ancient 5850: 5844: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5827:Harrow School 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5790: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5742:student loans 5739: 5735: 5731: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5678: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5655: 5652: 5648: 5640: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5617: 5612: 5606: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5511:Thomas Becket 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5408:Protestantism 5404: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5220:State schools 5217: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5197:mandating an 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5182: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5007: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4955:White British 4952: 4948: 4944: 4943:have migrated 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4923:United States 4920: 4916: 4911: 4909: 4899: 4892: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4832: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4779: 4778:welfare state 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4722: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4585:rapid transit 4581: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4557: 4552: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4386: 4380: 4376: 4375:science parks 4372: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4360:metric system 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4332:Royal Society 4328: 4326: 4322: 4319:, the modern 4318: 4314: 4310: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4266:atomic theory 4263: 4259: 4258:steam engines 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4199:Edward Jenner 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4129:Joseph Lister 4126: 4125:Francis Crick 4122: 4121:Edward Jenner 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4079:Royal Society 4076: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3975:North Sea oil 3972: 3968: 3964: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3909:arms industry 3906: 3902: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3865:, led by the 3864: 3860: 3854: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3685: 3684:West Midlands 3681: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3596: 3591: 3589: 3584: 3582: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3417:Richmond Park 3414: 3410: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3363:British Isles 3356: 3355:Eurasian wren 3351: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3321:Lake District 3318: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3303: 3302:English coast 3299: 3296: 3290: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3230:Peak District 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3194:Paleozoic Era 3190: 3188: 3187:Tees–Exe line 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3167:Cheviot Hills 3164: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3137: 3136:Lake District 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3046:Isle of Wight 3039: 3035: 3034:Herefordshire 3031: 3027: 3026:Malvern Hills 3022: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2900: 2895: 2893: 2892:Herefordshire 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2843: 2836: 2829: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2803: 2796: 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England's 9044: 9034: 9028: 9022: 9018: 9007:coat of arms 9004: 8972: 8969:Lancastrians 8942: 8936:, England's 8896:Saint George 8877: 8851: 8837: 8814: 8794:horse racing 8790:thoroughbred 8787: 8781:, under the 8776: 8742: 8738:Samuel Ryder 8712: 8696:Super League 8680:Huddersfield 8678:was born in 8676:Rugby league 8668:Rugby School 8662: 8628: 8598: 8531:most popular 8528: 8496:thoroughbred 8452:rugby league 8433: 8421:Elizabeth II 8392: 8386: 8380: 8374: 8368: 8362: 8360: 8353: 8347: 8343:The Guardian 8341: 8335: 8328: 8305: 8259: 8255:Turner Prize 8224: 8170: 8140: 8134: 8128: 8085:Daniel Craig 8061:Ridley Scott 8038: 8032: 8005: 8001:Harry Potter 7999: 7981: 7970: 7960: 7953:Kate Winslet 7949:Helen Mirren 7929:John Gielgud 7925:Vivien Leigh 7906: 7899: 7816: 7773: 7669:Led Zeppelin 7658: 7643: 7632:Gustav Holst 7620:Edward Elgar 7605: 7587: 7581: 7575: 7569: 7546:William Byrd 7539: 7516: 7502: 7496: 7490: 7484: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7458:Greensleeves 7456: 7450: 7441: 7418:sea shanties 7411: 7402: 7246:Thomas Hardy 7238:George Eliot 7194:Arthur Penty 7167: 7151:Mary Shelley 7127:Edmund Burke 7115:Thomas Paine 7104: 7095: 7090: 7077: 7070:Commonwealth 7048:, including 7004: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6961: 6960:, who wrote 6927: 6926:, author of 6918: 6899: 6889: 6883: 6877: 6863: 6855: 6792: 6748:Hans Holbein 6741: 6705:Lullingstone 6682: 6664: 6649:The Hay Wain 6647: 6596: 6588:Eccles cakes 6572:spotted dick 6552:Anglo-Indian 6548:Blue Stilton 6517: 6445:Sunday roast 6442: 6405: 6391: 6340:Rapper sword 6317: 6312: 6273:Anglo-Norman 6262: 6207: 6160: 6152:public parks 6148:Emperor Paul 6137: 6122: 6073: 6041:great houses 6025:York Minster 6006: 5958: 5857: 5854:Architecture 5831:Rugby School 5796: 5786: 5775: 5754: 5746:tuition fees 5727: 5716:and others. 5704:, including 5679: 5656: 5644: 5620: 5608: 5550: 5523: 5463:Saint George 5460: 5405: 5374: 5343:York Minster 5304: 5273: 5218: 5207: 5185: 5179: 5044: 5010: 5003: 4935:South Africa 4912: 4904: 4887:metropolitan 4834:The average 4833: 4815:, under the 4810: 4783: 4775:World War II 4770: 4723: 4699: 4684: 4645:River Thames 4637: 4582: 4578:High Speed 2 4560: 4549: 4521:Mobico Group 4506: 4453:through the 4436: 4425: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4368: 4364:John Wilkins 4346:'s national 4329: 4290:thermosiphon 4282:Robert Hooke 4207: 4180: 4176:steam engine 4149: 4137:Thomas Young 4109:Robert Hooke 4101:Isaac Newton 4098: 4089:Isaac Newton 3991: 3960: 3955:Aston Martin 3937:central bank 3926: 3901:UK's economy 3898: 3856: 3822: 3802: 3782: 3762: 3742: 3722: 3702: 3682: 3662: 3642: 3632: 3511: 3501:. There are 3484: 3461:urban mammal 3430: 3392: 3360: 3329:Lincolnshire 3306: 3292: 3238: 3234:West Country 3191: 3171:Scafell Pike 3160: 3089: 3062: 3054:to the north 3043: 2984: 2965: 2948:Queen's Park 2937: 2913:shire county 2910: 2896: 2884:High Sheriff 2869: 2854: 2748:of Yorkshire 2616:Lincolnshire 2541:Subdivisions 2516: 2489: 2484: 2461:Commonwealth 2450: 2408:Labour Party 2393: 2334: 2262:Commonwealth 2255: 2215:World War II 2208: 2200:suffragettes 2189: 2106: 2042: 2027:River Thames 1969:In 1666 the 1968: 1918:Commonwealth 1904:, involving 1879: 1836: 1773: 1720:naval skills 1716:Tudor period 1713: 1670:was killed. 1652:Lancastrians 1641: 1562: 1542: 1532:, fought on 1526:King Henry V 1444: 1391: 1337: 1281:Catuvellauni 1266: 1249:invade twice 1210: 1159: 1127:last ice age 1116: 1114: 1063: 1025: 1017: 1001: 995: 982: 972: 962: 920: 845: 802: 763: 694: 693: 670:Calling code 567:• Total 462:• Total 248:Christianity 84: 56: 25: 23371: / 23318:West Sussex 23263:Oxfordshire 23163:East Sussex 22915:Guernésiais 22760:Isle of Man 22645:Isle of Man 22592:Isle of Man 22492:Isle of Man 22377:Terminology 22180:Isle of Man 21993:Health care 21901:Health care 21807:Health care 21715:Health care 21623:Anglosphere 21498:Social care 21453:Immigration 21396:Drug policy 21160:Departments 21088:Nationality 20861:Agriculture 20794:terminology 20761:City status 20632:Since 1979 20359:Rugby union 20191:Anglophilia 20134:Middle Ages 19939:Regency era 19931:Late Modern 19841:Middle Ages 19800:Prehistoric 19477:2 September 19414:. Longman. 18858:. Cassell. 18801:. Messner. 18380:. EDT srl. 18378:Inghilterra 18299:. Quercus. 17920:5 September 17634:15 December 17598:Silverstone 17527:5 September 17405:India Today 17385:9 September 17342:20 November 17248:5 September 17222:5 September 17189:21 December 17081:16 February 16932:MediaCityUK 16843:24 February 16742:5 September 16690:5 September 16633:5 September 16611:5 September 16582:8 September 16259:24 February 16198:5 September 16056:Watson 1985 16029:5 September 15975:Rogers 2001 15963:Rogers 2001 15951:Warner 1902 15908:9 September 15877:5 September 15842:5 September 15816:5 September 15786:5 September 15761:5 September 15735:5 September 15731:. Tea.co.uk 15693:5 September 15668:5 September 15595:Briggs 2004 15559:Higham 2002 15354:Downes 2007 15300:5 September 15269:5 September 15162:28 February 15025:Gearon 2002 14927:Gearon 2002 14886:5 September 14816:5 September 14791:5 September 14751:26 December 14726:5 September 14701:5 September 14669:5 September 14329:5 September 14295:2011 census 14101:5 September 14039:26 November 13993:5 September 13822:5 September 13759:5 September 13746:HM Treasury 13723:5 September 13698:5 September 13662:5 September 13637:20 November 13306:5 September 13136:12 February 13031:5 September 12980:24 February 12930:5 September 12876:Levine 1960 12700:9 September 12694:World Guide 12648:5 September 12622:5 September 12596:5 September 12518:5 September 12486:5 September 12383:8 September 12107:5 September 12048:8 September 11890:5 September 11839:Axford 2002 11732:14 November 11707:5 September 11681:5 September 11619:5 September 11467:25 December 11462:Historic UK 11426:5 September 11374:9 September 11319:Reitan 2003 11234:10 December 11188:26 December 11157:Colley 1992 10990:10 December 10955:5 September 10846:24 December 10772:19 February 10735:5 September 10716:Colley 1992 10698:24 December 10631:C. S. Lewis 10603:26 December 10576:24 December 10495:Fowler 1967 10416:Crouch 2006 10355:5 September 10310:(1): 1–28. 10178:Wright 2008 10166:Rankov 1994 10151:24 December 10124:23 December 10106:23 December 10060:22 December 10038:5 September 10007:23 December 9973:21 December 9952:9 September 9918:20 December 9899:20 December 9867:20 December 9844:Foster 1988 9802:5 September 9775:5 September 9736:Ripley 1869 9285:Anglo-Saxon 9237:Parliament. 9195:Australians 9027:. However, 8983:symbol and 8912:Interregnum 8833:road racing 8821:Silverstone 8767:Silverstone 8765:driving at 8759:Formula One 8664:Rugby union 8512:Formula One 8504:fox hunting 8448:rugby union 8429:Bobby Moore 8266:blue plaque 8113:Andy Serkis 8109:Emma Watson 8093:Lena Headey 8073:Guy Ritchie 8057:Mike Newell 8049:David Yates 8016:film scores 7945:Gary Oldman 7819:opera house 7780:Glastonbury 7733:gothic rock 7721:heavy metal 7697:Def Leppard 7689:David Bowie 7685:Rod Stewart 7665:the Beatles 7600:The Beatles 7583:Water Music 7571:The Messiah 7558:Thomas Arne 7430:dance music 7274:Enid Blyton 7270:C. S. Lewis 7250:H. G. Wells 7234:Jane Austen 7135:romanticism 7084:Restoration 7082:during the 7074:John Milton 7046:materialism 6954:Franciscans 6952:, who were 6950:Roger Bacon 6827:Henry Moore 6811:Holman Hunt 6631:English art 6625:Visual arts 6540:Wensleydale 6505:cottage pie 6485:baked beans 6398:Middle Ages 6368:Royal Guard 6326:centred on 6277:King Arthur 6263:During the 6199:Maid Marian 6083:romanticism 6061:Renaissance 6049:Tudor style 6029:Norman base 5975:monasticism 5928:Roman Baths 5912:Roman forts 5908:Roman roads 5663:eleven-plus 5585:no religion 5577:2011 census 5495:Thomas More 5491:John Fisher 5416:John Wesley 5307:High Church 5195:legislation 5171:Population 5046:(thousands) 4985:, 0.6% are 4939:New Zealand 4583:There is a 4334:, formally 4317:locomotives 4309:road marker 4306:"cat's eye" 4298:rubber band 4228:along with 4113:Alan Turing 4031:natural gas 4011:sugar beets 3977:along with 3883:free market 3873:policy and 3863:HM Treasury 3753:Southampton 3622:Conurbation 3604:2011 census 3491:global city 3317:Gulf Stream 3257:South Downs 3147:Glenridding 3120:Severn Bore 3058:to the west 2997:and the 25 2929:city status 2903:county-tier 2901:and the 27 2876:Middle Ages 2769:Not shown: 2746:East Riding 2500:Crown Court 2453:English law 2436:English law 2418:, five for 2400:lower house 2361:its monarch 2161:Britishness 2143:planned to 2107:During the 2038: 1750 2029:during the 1942:Restoration 1760:Anglicanism 1756:Elizabeth I 1714:During the 1707:(1558–1603) 1692:(1491–1547) 1668:Richard III 1660:Henry Tudor 1637:inhabitants 1633:hit England 1629:Black Death 1605:monasticism 1601:Magna Carta 1557:Scandinavia 1460:East Anglia 1448:Northumbria 1367:Middle Ages 1344:Eleutherius 1333:Constantine 1301:Greco-Roman 1257:Trinovantes 1253:client king 1211:During the 1151:land bridge 987:Malcolm III 969:Northumbria 954:Engla londe 923:Old English 747:2021 census 647:Date format 472:• Land 378:Charles III 254:no religion 144: / 23386:Categories 23273:Shropshire 23233:Merseyside 23213:Lancashire 23138:Derbyshire 22925:Sercquiais 22245:Montserrat 21959:Government 21867:Government 21862:Parliament 21578:Literature 21458:Innovation 21391:Demography 21286:(currency) 21135:Government 21093:Parliament 21017:Devolution 21012:Corruption 20947:Materials 20881:geothermal 20565:Chronology 20452:Tudor rose 20156:Parliament 19544:World Book 19017:. London: 18896:. Cosimo. 18507:. Putnam. 18253:Demography 17811:27 October 17758:1 February 17702:18 January 17604:31 October 17489:4 December 17292:15 January 17184:www.gov.uk 17164:17 October 16976:BBC Online 16909:3 December 16891:3 December 16811:29 January 16806:www.gov.uk 16788:www.gov.uk 16489:Total Film 16410:2 November 15990:Rowse 1971 15501:Keary 1882 15223:25 January 15140:4 November 14956:www.gov.uk 14912:28 October 14876:"Religion" 14851:1 February 14639:25 January 14617:4 December 14547:30 January 14440:1 February 14272:1 February 14164:17 January 14129:. London. 13579:24 October 13574:www.gov.uk 13549:www.gov.uk 13324:White 2002 13078:4 December 13006:0719542456 12904:8 December 12872:White 1885 12847:Oakes 2002 12752:MineralsUK 12405:(Report). 12352:5 February 12268:www.gov.uk 12176:2 December 12127:Met Office 12074:5 December 12042:"Pennines" 12026:6 December 11993:5 December 11938:5 December 11912:5 December 11800:Singh 2009 11342:(1): 217. 11273:2 December 11211:13 October 11059:"Heritage" 10435:3 December 10401:3 December 10370:Kirby 2000 10201:3 December 9761:"Germania" 9613:1 February 9583:1 February 9561:27 January 9543:. p. 9524:1 February 9494:9 December 9312:References 9189:who claim 8989:Charles II 8945:Tudor rose 8934:Tudor rose 8923:Great Seal 8900:Union Flag 8858:match race 8704:Lancashire 8692:World Cups 8352:, and the 8331:Manchester 8121:Framestore 8069:Sam Mendes 8007:James Bond 7992:Shepperton 7917:David Lean 7896:David Lean 7881:See also: 7861:, and the 7786:, and the 7784:V Festival 7741:acid house 7737:shoegazing 7729:indie rock 7677:Elton John 7673:Pink Floyd 7470:Maggie May 7405:media help 7310:See also: 7147:John Keats 7143:Lord Byron 7111:John Locke 7042:empiricism 7026:Ben Jonson 7022:John Donne 7018:Thomas Kyd 6938:Pearl Poet 6776:classicism 6760:Peter Lely 6729:Gothic art 6709:Aldborough 6635:See also: 6605:, such as 6592:mince pies 6407:Restaurant 6392:Since the 6376:Beefeaters 6328:Guy Fawkes 6246:Robin Hood 6195:Robin Hood 6053:Tudor arch 5876:Castlerigg 5864:Stonehenge 5595:at 42.4%. 5452:Unitarians 5424:Lancashire 5420:mill towns 5406:A form of 5335:cathedrals 5311:Low Church 5305:There are 5300:Protestant 5134:Portuguese 4979:Bangladesh 4867:See also: 4857:Population 4846:Demography 4752:Healthcare 4719:energy mix 4605:Sunderland 4591:, and the 4513:FirstGroup 4457:up to the 4455:North West 4397:The Lancet 4321:seed drill 4313:light bulb 4250:hovercraft 4242:lawn mower 4210:jet engine 4195:James Watt 4168:steamships 3979:Wytch Farm 3911:, and the 3793:Nottingham 3784:Nottingham 3693:Birmingham 3673:Manchester 3566:Chichester 3542:Nottingham 3522:Manchester 3514:Birmingham 3479:See also: 3463:after the 3453:coniferous 3386:, and the 3214:Derbyshire 3132:Windermere 3124:tidal bore 3077:Folkestone 3060:by Wales. 2931:, or be a 2814:Merseyside 2776:Tyne & 2641:Northants. 2631:Shropshire 2596:Lancashire 2551:See also: 2457:common law 2385:North East 2305:Governance 2299:referendum 2239:air travel 2235:jet engine 2180:Golden Age 2125:George III 2117:Manchester 2113:Birmingham 2097:Royal Navy 2057:Royal Navy 1938:Charles II 1894:Roundheads 1886:Parliament 1786:and named 1768:golden age 1728:Henry VIII 1593:Edward III 1426:, but was 1239:Geographia 1205:Celtic art 1170:Stonehenge 1143:ice sheets 1105:Stonehenge 1090:Prehistory 915:See also: 901:North East 897:North West 889:South East 874:, and the 819:, and the 813:common law 731:Celtic Sea 503:56,490,048 493:57,106,398 482:Population 445:1 May 1707 353:Part of a 349:Government 303:Demonym(s) 85:– in 23328:Wiltshire 23188:Hampshire 23103:Berkshire 23078:1974–1996 22905:Auregnais 22541:Geography 22240:Gibraltar 21988:Education 21944:Geography 21896:Education 21852:Geography 21802:Education 21773:Executive 21758:Geography 21710:Education 21683:Geography 21463:Languages 21401:Education 21327:Transport 21165:Ministers 21051:Judiciary 21022:Elections 20962:Wildlife 20871:biodiesel 20853:Resources 20843:Volcanoes 20833:Mountains 20818:Coastline 20720:Geography 20674:1814–1919 20636:political 20621:political 20573:Formation 20376:Wimbledon 20221:Education 20073:Districts 20056:Geography 19954:The Blitz 19911:Civil War 19825:Heptarchy 19754:Education 19737:Overviews 19441:638146843 18135:488599560 17894:5 October 17679:30 August 17655:Autosport 17447:15 August 17101:bbc.co.uk 16768:10 August 16551:The Times 16213:Else 2007 16068:Cole 1947 15645:Else 2007 15583:Lacy 1986 15571:Koch 2006 15250:Lowe 1971 15183:The Times 15063:145187656 14939:West 2003 14494:5 October 14378:5 October 14185:The Times 14137:14 August 13855:5 October 13388:bbc.co.uk 13371:Else 2007 13236:5 October 12732:8 October 11964:17 August 11880:"History" 11864:15 August 11563:20 August 11541:5 October 11493:16 August 11416:The Times 11393:Ward 2004 11367:BBC Wales 11073:4 October 10633:; Lewis, 10382:Lyon 1960 10332:162331501 10324:0076-6097 9712:"England" 9350:14 August 9333:UK Census 9260:Poundbury 9187:Canadians 9179:Americans 9030:Jerusalem 8981:Royal Oak 8961:syncretic 8892:Crusaders 8734:Ryder Cup 8616:Australia 8612:The Ashes 8541:, played 8480:billiards 8337:The Times 8300:MediaCity 8225:London's 8167:in London 8081:Tom Hardy 8037:includes 7972:Blackmail 7871:pantomime 7831:The Proms 7796:teknivals 7717:glam rock 7709:hard rock 7645:The Piano 7552:from the 7426:hornpipes 7218:analytics 7200:advocate 7076:authored 7040:wrote on 6619:brown ale 6568:apple pie 6493:meat pies 6489:mushrooms 6426:tea cakes 6285:Excalibur 6250:Merry Men 6095:modernist 5920:aqueducts 5916:stockades 5884:basilicas 5744:to cover 5599:Education 5573:Heathenry 5428:Yorkshire 5412:Methodism 5410:known as 5389:Adrian IV 5329:with the 5040:Language 5019:in 2014. 4995:Caribbean 4969:, mostly 4931:Australia 4748:by 2050. 4695:Hornsea 2 4675:Den Brook 4601:Gateshead 4574:Crossrail 4416:Transport 4379:Cambridge 4366:in 1668. 4302:mousetrap 4262:evolution 4246:seat belt 4039:limestone 4027:petroleum 3971:crude oil 3905:aerospace 3813:Sheffield 3804:Sheffield 3733:Liverpool 3724:Liverpool 3709:1,777,934 3689:2,440,986 3669:2,553,379 3649:9,787,426 3534:Newcastle 3526:Liverpool 3518:Sheffield 3465:brown rat 3449:Deciduous 3437:subarctic 3425:deer park 3421:Charles I 3325:Coningsby 3295:temperate 3232:. In the 3210:Yorkshire 3202:limestone 3198:sandstone 3151:Ullswater 3096:Newcastle 3092:Liverpool 3085:North Sea 3081:Irish Sea 3005:Geography 2958:in 2007. 2802:Yorkshire 2711:Hampshire 2696:Berkshire 2691:Wiltshire 2523:judiciary 2465:Louisiana 2420:Reform UK 2223:the Blitz 2196:Chartists 1999:Jacobites 1898:Cavaliers 1890:Charles I 1631:epidemic 1585:Richard I 1581:Aquitaine 1518:in 1042. 1488:Æthelstan 1432:Augustine 1410:Brittonic 1385:from the 1331:), where 1313:aqueducts 1305:Roman law 1285:Caratacus 1255:from the 1229:Brythonic 1221:Hallstatt 1166:Neolithic 1109:Neolithic 983:Chronicle 928:Englaland 905:Yorkshire 735:Irish Sea 723:North Sea 660:Drives on 605:Time zone 557:(nominal) 232:Religion 23278:Somerset 23128:Cornwall 23123:Cheshire 23021:Scottish 22920:Jèrriais 22836:Germanic 22750:Guernsey 22738:Scotland 22660:Scotland 22607:Shetland 22570:Hebrides 22458:Scotland 22423:Politics 22412:Hibernia 22203:Anguilla 22163:Guernsey 22158:Alderney 22130:Scotland 22051:Category 22003:Religion 21949:Politics 21916:Religion 21857:Politics 21845:timeline 21832:Scotland 21817:Religion 21768:Assembly 21763:Politics 21730:Religion 21688:Politics 21676:timeline 21593:Religion 21573:Identity 21436:Scotland 21381:Cannabis 21307:Taxation 21194:Military 21076:monarchs 21071:Monarchy 20991:Politics 20951:forestry 20931:Scottish 20922:Fishing 20781:Physical 20701:Taxation 20696:Military 20686:Maritime 20659:Economic 20652:By topic 20617:Postwar 20611:military 20606:civilian 20598:Interwar 20480:Category 20425:Oak tree 20420:Heraldry 20325:Football 20278:Religion 20241:Identity 20226:Folklore 20151:Monarchy 20117:Politics 20088:Parishes 20068:Counties 19769:Military 19764:Maritime 19744:Timeline 19617:(2003). 19591:(2008). 19546:(2007). 19387:(1902). 19346:(2000). 19267:(1982). 19222:(1971). 19170:(1869). 19063:(1942). 19039:(2006). 19013:(2000). 18484:. UPNE. 18480:(1988). 18420:(2009). 18398:(2002). 18317:(2004). 18228:(1992). 18187:(1947). 18106:(2004). 18084:(2006). 18062:(2004). 17943:(2000). 17914:BBC News 17864:8 August 17837:8 August 17566:12 April 17479:PGA Tour 17337:UEFA.com 17140:Archived 17051:Archived 16763:BBC News 16505:Archived 16454:Archived 16133:Archived 16116:Lax 1989 15715:Archived 15534:BBC News 15468:10 April 15430:10 April 15402:10 April 15371:BBC News 14761:cite web 14721:BBC News 14695:Archived 14567:ITV News 14517:. London 14225:23 April 14195:8 August 14160:. London 14131:Archived 14095:BBC News 14033:BBC News 14013:8 August 14009:. London 13989:. London 13847:(2011). 13657:BBC News 13529:11 April 13478:13 April 13351:23 March 13286:BBC News 13200:rudi.net 13182:23286723 13110:11 March 13025:BBC News 12696:. Intute 12425:BBC News 12291:(2015). 12132:22 March 11960:. London 11820:. London 11701:BBC News 11269:. 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