Europe - Knowledge

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profile are appropriate when applied to these peoples. Here we analyze the classification trends of a modern Filipino sample (n = 110) when using the Fordisc 3.1 (FD3) software. We hypothesize that Filipinos represent an admixed population drawn largely from Asian and marginally from European parental gene pools, such that FD3 will classify these individuals morphometrically into reference samples that reflect a range of European admixture, in quantities from small to large. Our results show the greatest classification into Asian reference groups (72.7%), followed by Hispanic (12.7%), Indigenous American (7.3%), African (4.5%), and European (2.7%) groups included in FD3. This general pattern did not change between males and females. Moreover, replacing the raw craniometric values with their shape variables did not significantly alter the trends already observed. These classification trends for Filipino crania provide useful information for casework interpretation in forensic laboratory practice. Our findings can help biological anthropologists to better understand the evolutionary, population historical, and statistical reasons for FD3-generated classifications. The results of our studyindicate that ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology would benefit from population-focused research that gives consideration to histories of colonialism and periods of admixture.

3716: 2273: 2594: 5054: 6193: 23118: 112: 12145: 4561: 3631: 1937: 12173: 7509: 10243: 25433: 1262: 11077: 9664: 9656: 9464: 25350: 8849: 8278: 6831: 8412: 9264: 7663: 4745: 122: 25395: 25365: 7798: 7708: 7459: 2090: 25320: 8939: 6487: 4854: 2254:. The transition of Europe to being a cultural term as well as a geographic one led to the borders of Europe being affected by cultural considerations in the East, especially relating to areas under Byzantine, Ottoman, and Russian influence. Such questions were affected by the positive connotations associated with the term Europe by its users. Such cultural considerations were not applied to the Americas, despite their conquest and settlement by European states. Instead, the concept of "Western civilization" emerged as a way of grouping together Europe and these colonies. 25448: 21702: 12375: 25478: 25463: 25305: 10033: 9272: 9743: 11476: 7467: 8697: 9590: 25335: 10711: 9619: 10073: 12131: 8131: 6598: 5583: 3479: 9365: 8652: 9735: 9456: 8323: 7753: 7262: 3222: 7990: 1945: 9034: 10153: 9416: 7671: 7410: 7849: 8227: 9953: 25960: 10041: 9880: 11152: 9912: 10113: 8367: 2350:, a major tributary of the Ob, as components of a series of partly-joined waterways taking the boundary between Europe and Asia from the Turkish Straits, and the Don River all the way to the Arctic Ocean. In 1721, he produced a more up to date map that was easier to read. However, his proposal to adhere to major rivers as the line of demarcation was never taken up by other geographers who were beginning to move away from the idea of water boundaries as the only legitimate divides between Europe and Asia. 27534: 9424: 2284: 12209: 8705: 9582: 9129: 9084: 9698: 9219: 5365: 10161: 8660: 7561: 7351: 8894: 7945: 7123: 893: 32: 10889: 10542: 9706: 8331: 21793: 12313: 11010: 10663: 9993: 11363: 8990: 2997: 7402: 6283: 11266: 7307: 4843: 25380: 8748: 4179: 2870: 8610: 8235: 7315: 8998: 8602: 8420: 8558: 9920: 10081: 8375: 25982: 23423: 10121: 8139: 7902: 7894: 9137: 7517: 9092: 8857: 6676: 6425: 23435: 8042: 7806: 9373: 8522: 8095: 8050: 7569: 7359: 7219: 7175: 8902: 8514: 8087: 7761: 7716: 7270: 7211: 7167: 7131: 3208: 9961: 4384: 3990: 8182: 10196: 10001: 9329: 9042: 8566: 8286: 7614: 11034: 9627: 8756: 7998: 7606: 4663: 11089: 10914: 10687: 21776: 10790: 10491: 9174: 8477: 8469: 7953: 5190: 2574: 21759: 9227: 10840: 10517: 8812: 8947: 7857: 8804: 3821: 10986: 10735: 8190: 10864: 10816: 10615: 10567: 9182: 2542: 10938: 10591: 10962: 10639: 216: 12159: 21742: 21714: 15651:(..) It is difficult to establish exactly when Islam first appeared in Russia because the lands that Islam penetrated early in its expansion were not part of Russia at the time, but were later incorporated into the expanding Russian Empire. Islam reached the Caucasus region in the middle of the seventh century as part of the Arab 16871:"One decisive action might have forced Philip II to the negotiating table and avoided fourteen years of continuing warfare. Instead the King was able to use the brief respite to rebuild his naval forces and by the end of 1589 Spain once again had an Atlantic fleet strong enough to escort the American treasure ships home." 2735:). Between 4500 and 3000 BCE, these central European neolithic cultures developed further to the west and the north, transmitting newly acquired skills in producing copper artifacts. In Western Europe the Neolithic period was characterised not by large agricultural settlements but by field monuments, such as 20250:

Brasil-Colônia, Geraldo Pieroni doutor em História pela Université Paris-Sorbonnetambém escreveu os livros: Os Excluídos do Reino: Inquisição portuguesa e o degredo para o; Brasil, Os degredados na colonização do; ciganos, Vadios e; autor, Heréticos e Bruxas: os degredados no Brasil Textos publicados

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Southern Europe and Western Europe are the regions with the highest average number of elderly people in the world. In 2021, the percentage of people over 65 years old was 21% in Western Europe and Southern Europe, compared to 19% in all of Europe and 10% in the world. Projections suggest that by 2050

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In general, Europe is not just colder towards the north compared to the south, but it also gets colder from the west towards the east. The climate is more oceanic in the west and less so in the east. This can be illustrated by the following table of average temperatures at locations roughly following

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which is almost on the same latitude, bordering the same ocean. Berlin, Germany; Calgary, Canada; and Irkutsk, in far south-eastern Russia, lie on around the same latitude; January temperatures in Berlin average around 8 °C (14 °F) higher than those in Calgary and they are almost 22 °C

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and one in Rome—claimed rulership over the Church. Although the schism was eventually healed in 1417, the papacy's spiritual authority had suffered greatly. In the 15th century, Europe started to extend itself beyond its geographic frontiers. Spain and Portugal, the greatest naval powers of the time,

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two-and-a-half centuries to recover from the Fourth Crusade before the Ottomans finally took Constantinople in 1453, ... They fatally wounded Byzantium, which was the main cause of its weakened condition when the Muslim onslaught came. Even on the eve of its final collapse, the precondition for

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have replaced the original mixed natural forest, because these grow quicker. The plantations now cover vast areas of land, but offer poorer habitats for many European forest dwelling species which require a mixture of tree species and diverse forest structure. The amount of natural forest in Western

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Isolated monastic communities were the only places to safeguard and compile written knowledge accumulated previously; apart from this, very few written records survive. Much literature, philosophy, mathematics, and other thinking from the classical period disappeared from Western Europe, though they

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landmass. It has a higher ratio of coast to landmass than any other continent or subcontinent. Its maritime borders consist of the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas to the south. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within

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rivers, so southwards from the Kuma and the Manych, but still with the Caucasus entirely in Asia. However, most geographers in the Soviet Union favoured the boundary along the Caucasus crest, and this became the common convention in the later 20th century, although the Kuma–Manych boundary remained

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Not only did the fourth crusade further harden the resentments Greek-speaking Christians felt toward the Latin West, but it further weakened the empire of Constantinople, many say fatally so. After the restoration of Greek imperial rule the city survived as the capital of Byzantium for another two

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started in Europe, specifically the United Kingdom in the late 18th century, and the 19th century saw Western Europe industrialise. Economies were disrupted by the First World War, but by the beginning of the Second World War, they had recovered and were having to compete with the growing economic

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As a continent, the economy of Europe is currently the largest on Earth and it is the richest region as measured by assets under management with over $ 32.7 trillion compared to North America's $ 27.1 trillion in 2008. In 2009 Europe remained the wealthiest region. Its $ 37.1 trillion in

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to Europe. The Gulf Stream is nicknamed "Europe's central heating", because it makes Europe's climate warmer and wetter than it would otherwise be. The Gulf Stream not only carries warm water to Europe's coast but also warms up the prevailing westerly winds that blow across the continent from the

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ABSTRACT: Filipinos represent a significant contemporary demographic group globally, yet they are underrepresented in the forensic anthropological literature. Given the complex population history of the Philippines, it is important to ensure that traditional methods for assessing the biological

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Global shipping and logistic chain reshaped as China's Belt and Road dreams take off in Hellenic Shipping News, 4. December 2018; Wolf D. Hartmann, Wolfgang Maennig, Run Wang: Chinas neue Seidenstraße. (2017), p 59; Jacob Franks "The Blu Banana – the True Heart of Europe" In: Big Think Edge, 31

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In the east, a resurgent Byzantine Empire recaptured Crete and Cyprus from the Muslims, and reconquered the Balkans. Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe from the 9th to the 12th centuries, with a population of approximately 400,000. The Empire was weakened following the

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These Christian allies did not accept the authority of Byzantium, and the Fourth Crusade that sacked Constantinople and established the so-called Latin Empire that lasted until 1261 was a fatal wound from which the empire never recovered until its fall at the hands of the Ottoman Turks in 1453

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December 2014; Zacharias Zacharakis: Chinas Anker in Europa in: Die Zeit 8. May 2018; Harry de Wilt: Is One Belt, One Road a China crisis for North Sea main ports? in World Cargo News, 17 December 2019; Hospers, Gert-Jan "Beyond the blue banana? Structural change in Europe's geo-economy." 2002

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The origins of many of the world's most popular sports today lie in the codification of many traditional games, especially in the United Kingdom. However, a paradoxical feature of European sport is the extent to which local, regional and national variations continue to exist, and even in some

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Later they established themselves in the Anatolian peninsula at the expense of the Byzantine Empire. ... The Byzantines, however, had been severely weakened by the sack of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade (in 1204) and the Western occupation of much of the empire for the next half

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However, the fifty-seven years of plunder that followed made the Byzantine Empire, even when it retook the capital in 1261, genuinely weak. Beginning in 1222, the empire was further weakened by a civil war that lasted until 1355. ... When the Ottomans overran their lands and besieged

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It is notable how the average temperatures for the coldest month, as well as the annual average temperatures, drop from the west to the east. For instance, Edinburgh is warmer than Belgrade during the coldest month of the year, although Belgrade is around 10° of latitude farther south.

4478:, during which liberal uprisings affected all of Europe except for Russia and the UK. These revolutions were eventually put down by conservative elements and few reforms resulted. The year 1859 saw the unification of Romania, as a nation state, from smaller principalities. In 1867, the 6644:) are endangered. Once they were found in most parts of Europe. However, deforestation and hunting caused these animals to withdraw further and further. By the Middle Ages the bears' habitats were limited to more or less inaccessible mountains with sufficient forest cover. Today, the 2048:

are only partly divided by waterways. France, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain are also transcontinental (or more properly, intercontinental, when oceans or large seas are involved) in that their main land areas are in Europe while pockets of their territories are located on other

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According to a population projection of the UN Population Division, Europe's population may fall to between 680 and 720 million people by 2050, which would be 7% of the world population at that time. Within this context, significant disparities exist between regions in relation to

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The Age of Enlightenment was a powerful intellectual movement during the 18th century promoting scientific and reason-based thoughts. Discontent with the aristocracy and clergy's monopoly on political power in France resulted in the French Revolution, and the establishment of the

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In Europe many people are unable to access basic social conditions, which makes it harder for them to thrive and flourish. Access to basic necessities can be compromised, for example 10% of Europeans spend at least 40% of household income on housing. 75 million Europeans feel

2680:), who seem to have appeared in Europe around 43,000 to 40,000 years ago. However, there is also evidence that Homo sapiens arrived in Europe around 54,000 years ago, some 10,000 years earlier than previously thought. The earliest sites in Europe dated 48,000 years ago are 6408:

and so may be regarded geologically as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in the south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. Most of the older geology of western Europe existed as part of the ancient

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cultural, linguistic and ethnic differences which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line. The geographic border between Europe and Asia does not follow any state boundaries and now only follows a few bodies of water. Turkey is generally considered a

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in the last part of the 18th century and spread throughout Europe. The invention and implementation of new technologies resulted in rapid urban growth, mass employment and the rise of a new working class. Reforms in social and economic spheres followed, including the

11135:. The western states moved to link their economies together, providing the basis for the EU and increasing cross border trade. This helped them to enjoy rapidly improving economies, while those states in COMECON were struggling in a large part due to the cost of the 4614:, caused death and mass emigration of millions of Irish people. In the 19th century, 70 million people left Europe in migrations to various European colonies abroad and to the United States. The industrial revolution also led to large population growth, and the 3872:

with headquarters in Crimea, which later adopted Islam as a religion, and ruled over modern-day southern and central Russia for more than three centuries. After the collapse of Mongol dominions, the first Romanian states (principalities) emerged in the 14th century:

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of a large land mass completely or almost completely surrounded by water at its borders. Prior to the adoption of the current convention that includes mountain divides, the border between Europe and Asia had been redefined several times since its first conception in

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The total figures for area and population include only European portions of transcontinental countries. The precision of these figures is compromised by the ambiguous geographical extent of Europe and the lack of references for European portions of transcontinental

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The prevalent definition of Europe as a geographical term has been in use since the mid-19th century. Europe is taken to be bounded by large bodies of water to the north, west and south; Europe's limits to the east and north-east are usually taken to be the

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After the Second World War the economy of the UK was in a state of ruin, and continued to suffer relative economic decline in the following decades. Italy was also in a poor economic condition but regained a high level of growth by the 1950s. West Germany

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split apart due to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean. Finally and very soon afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again, into Laurentia (North America) and the Eurasian continent. The land connection between the two persisted for a considerable time, via

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began with Spanish and Portuguese settlers in the 16th century, and French and English settlers in the 17th century. But numbers remained relatively small until waves of mass emigration in the 19th century, when millions of poor families left Europe.

6479:) and because the rain falls primarily on the side of mountains that is oriented towards the sea, forests grow well on this side, while on the other side, the conditions are much less favourable. Few corners of mainland Europe have not been grazed by 12630:, a province that unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, and whose sovereign status is unclear. Population and density figures are from the first results of 2011 census and are given without the disputed territory of 13362:"Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." 10406:

or Blue Star. The trade between East and West, as well as towards Asia, which had been disrupted for a long time by the two world wars, new borders and the Cold War, increased sharply after 1989. In addition, there is new impetus from the Chinese

6846: 6652:, Scandinavia and Russia; a small number also persist in other countries across Europe (Austria, Pyrenees etc.), but in these areas brown bear populations are fragmented and marginalised because of the destruction of their habitat. In addition, 6346:, leading to interchange of animal species. From around 50 million years ago, rising and falling sea levels have determined the actual shape of Europe and its connections with continents such as Asia. Europe's present shape dates to the 17150: – "Lands to the north of the Black Sea probably yielded the most slaves to the Ottomans from 1450. A compilation of estimates indicates that Crimean Tartars seized about 1,750,000 Ukrainians, Poles, and Russians from 1468 to 1694." 2394:'s efforts to make Russia more European, ignored the whole boundary question with his claim that neither Russia, Scandinavia, northern Germany, nor Poland were fully part of Europe. Since then, many modern analytical geographers like 4799:, which officially ended the First World War in 1919, was harsh towards Germany, upon whom it placed full responsibility for the war and imposed heavy sanctions. Excess deaths in Russia over the course of the First World War and the 11209:

By the millennium change, the EU dominated the economy of Europe, comprising the five largest European economies of the time: Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Spain. In 1999, 12 of the 15 members of the EU joined the

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rather than the nearby and parallel running Ob and Irtysh rivers. This was endorsed by the Russian Empire and introduced the convention that would eventually become commonly accepted. However, this did not come without criticism.

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Important European herbivores are snails, larvae, fish, different birds and mammals, like rodents, deer and roe deer, boars and living in the mountains, marmots, steinbocks, chamois among others. A number of insects, such as the

150: 6848: 2462:, the boundary along the Kuma–Manych Depression was the most commonly used as early as 1906. In 1958, the Soviet Geographical Society formally recommended that the boundary between the Europe and Asia be drawn in textbooks from 610: 278: 4609:

was passed, which significantly improved living conditions in many British cities. Europe's population increased from about 100 million in 1700 to 400 million by 1900. The last major famine recorded in Western Europe, the

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with Latin, Slavic and Germanic roots. Cultural contacts and mixtures shape a large part of the regional cultures of Europe. Europe is often described as "maximum cultural diversity with minimal geographical distances".

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frequently raided the Slavic-speaking areas of contemporary Russia and Ukraine for hundreds of years, until the Russian expansion and conquest of most of northern Eurasia (i.e. Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Siberia).

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to maintain his dominant war capacity in Europe. This English disaster also allowed the Spanish fleet to retain its capability to wage war for the next decades. However, two more Spanish armadas failed to invade England

22483: 2620:), or significant advances of continental ice sheets, in Europe and North America, occurred at intervals of approximately 40,000 to 100,000 years. The long glacial periods were separated by more temperate and shorter 2069:

and share a border with Morocco. According to the current convention, Georgia and Azerbaijan are transcontinental countries where waterways have been completely replaced by mountains as the divide between continents.

2028:. In contrast, the present eastern boundary of Europe partially adheres to the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, which is somewhat arbitrary and inconsistent compared to any clear-cut definition of the term "continent". 5014:

and send troops to aid Finland, but their primary objective in the landing was to encircle Germany and cut the Germans off from Scandinavian resources. Around the same time, Germany moved troops into Denmark. The

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Expanding from their base in central Italy beginning in the third century BCE, the Romans gradually expanded to eventually rule the entire Mediterranean basin and Western Europe by the turn of the millennium. The

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took the greater part of eight hundred years, in which period a long list of Alfonsos, Sanchos, Ordoños, Ramiros, Fernandos, and Bermudos would be fighting their Christian rivals as much as the Muslim invaders.

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Possibly 80 to 90 percent of Europe was once covered by forest. It stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Arctic Ocean. Although over half of Europe's original forests disappeared through the centuries of

5416:, Britain and Ireland are special cases. The former is a land unto itself in the northern ocean that is counted as part of Europe, while the latter are upland areas that were once joined to the mainland until 20227: 12351:. From the 1980s income inequality has been rising and wage shares have been falling. In 2016, the richest 20% of households earned over five times more than the poorest 20%. Many workers experience stagnant 4355:. According to Peter Barrett, "It is widely accepted that 'modern science' arose in the Europe of the 17th century (towards the end of the Renaissance), introducing a new understanding of the natural world." 14223: 6226:

has implications for all regions of Europe, with the extent and nature of impacts varying across the continent. Impacts on European countries include warmer weather and increasing frequency and intensity of

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Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei (11 June 2015).

12114:(for which comparable data is available), Moscow covers the largest population, followed in order by Istanbul, London, Paris, Madrid, Milan, Ruhr Area, Saint Petersburg, Rhein-Süd, Barcelona and Berlin. 2012:, but always as a series of rivers, seas and straits that were believed to extend an unknown distance east and north from the Mediterranean Sea without the inclusion of any mountain ranges. Cartographer 21380:: "The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories." The 21063:: "The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories." The 18685: 2287:

1916 political map of Europe showing most of Moll's waterways replaced by von Strahlenberg's Ural Mountains and Freshfield's Caucasus crest, land features of a type that normally defines a subcontinent

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Europe is normally considered its own continent in the English-speaking world, which uses the seven continent model. Other models consider Europe as part of a Eurasian or Afro-Eurasian continent. See

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developed concerning some countries in Europe, especially Greece, Ireland, Spain and Portugal. As a result, measures were taken, especially for Greece, by the leading countries of the Eurozone. The

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in 1989 and the maps of Central and Eastern Europe were redrawn once more. This made old previously interrupted cultural and economic relationships possible, and previously isolated cities such as

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assets under management represented one-third of the world's wealth. It was one of several regions where wealth surpassed its precrisis year-end peak. As with other continents, Europe has a large

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contain their own complex features, as does mainland Central Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys and basins that complicate the general trend. Sub-regions like

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fell under the control of various tribes. The Germanic and Slav tribes established their domains over Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Eventually the Frankish tribes were united under

302: 12842: 9803:, which despite having a unique degree of autonomy, are not largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs. Areas with little more than a unique tax status, such as the 6847: 6432:

Having lived side by side with agricultural peoples for millennia, Europe's animals and plants have been profoundly affected by the presence and activities of humans. With the exception of

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to 28 European countries and once more making Europe a major economical and political centre of power. However, the United Kingdom withdrew from the EU on 31 January 2020, as a result of a

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Karlo Ruzicic-Kessler "Togliatti, Tito and the Shadow of Moscow 1944/45–1948: Post-War Territorial Disputes and the Communist World", In: Journal of European Integration History, (2/2014).

17108: 12793: 11382:. In 2021, 827,000 persons were given citizenship of an EU member state, an increase of about 14% compared with 2020. 2.3 million immigrants from non-EU countries entered the EU in 2021. 6455:

warm the continent. Southern Europe has a warm but mild climate. There are frequent summer droughts in this region. Mountain ridges also affect the conditions. Some of these, such as the

2381:. At this point he proposed that mountain ranges could be included as boundaries between continents as alternatives to nearby waterways. Accordingly, he drew the new boundary north along 287: 19836: 3912:

was reduced by half. Medieval Britain was afflicted by 95 famines, and France suffered the effects of 75 or more in the same period. Europe was devastated in the mid-14th century by the

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coalesced in the 8th century, signifying the new cultural condominium created through the confluence of Germanic traditions and Christian-Latin culture, defined partly in contrast with

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on 6 January 1992. Its status as a sovereign nation is not recognised by any sovereign nation, nor the UN. Population figures stated as of 2003 census and 2000 estimates, respectively.

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of Europe (the number of people per area) is the second highest of any continent, behind Asia. The population of Europe is currently slowly decreasing, by about 0.2% per year, because

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and had doubled production from pre-war levels by the 1950s. France also staged a remarkable comeback enjoying rapid growth and modernisation; later on Spain, under the leadership of

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Michael Frank: Paneuropäisches Picknick – Mit dem Picknickkorb in die Freiheit (German: Pan-European picnic – With the picnic basket to freedom), in: Süddeutsche Zeitung 17 May 2010.

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The First World War, and especially the Second World War, diminished the eminence of Western Europe in world affairs. After the Second World War the map of Europe was redrawn at the

5397:. An arc of uplands also exists along the north-western seaboard, which begins in the western parts of the islands of Britain and Ireland, and then continues along the mountainous, 605:

Europe covers about 10.18 million km (3.93 million sq mi), or 2% of Earth's surface (6.8% of land area), making it the second-smallest continent (using the

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has resulted in an increase in temperature of 2.3 °C (4.14 °F) (2022) in Europe compared to pre-industrial levels. Europe is the fastest warming continent in the world.

20116: 11979:, beginning in antiquity. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Russian Empire had the majority of the world's Jews living within its borders. In 1897, according to 1083:

stated that "phonologically, the match between Europa's name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor", while Beekes considers a connection to Semitic languages improbable.

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The place name Evros was first used by the ancient Greeks to refer to their northernmost province, which bears the same name today. The principal river there – Evros (today's

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The Byzantine Empire also interacted with the world of Islam to its east and the new European civilization of the west. Both interactions proved costly and ultimately fatal.

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is physiographically considered a transcontinental country, mostly in West Asia (the Middle East). Turkey has a small part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called

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and West Germany were reunited in 1990, the economy of West Germany struggled as it had to support and largely rebuild the infrastructure of East Germany, while the latter

22842: 22213: 22055: 7043: 6810: 22533: 22335: 12414: 6841: 4912:. Economic instability, caused in part by debts incurred in the First World War and 'loans' to Germany played havoc in Europe in the late 1920s and 1930s. This, and the 2676:) and disappeared from the fossil record about 40,000 years ago, with their final refuge being the Iberian Peninsula. The Neanderthals were supplanted by modern humans ( 634: 18806: 17507: 17204: 13235: 11340:

Pan and Pfeil (2004) count 87 distinct "peoples of Europe", of which 33 form the majority population in at least one sovereign state, while the remaining 54 constitute

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is the process of political, legal, economic (and in some cases social and cultural) integration of European states as it has been pursued by the powers sponsoring the

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populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north, and temporarily halted the expansion of the Rus' state to the south and east. Like many other parts of

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Grosfeld, Irena; Rodnyansky, Alexander; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina (August 2013). "Persistent Antimarket Culture: A Legacy of the Pale of Settlement after the Holocaust".

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Different cultural events are organised in Europe, with the aim of bringing different cultures closer together and raising awareness of their importance, such as the

2909:. The Greek political ideals were rediscovered in the late 18th century by European philosophers and idealists. Greece also generated many cultural contributions: in 22468: 19949: 19195: 18611:

Thomas Roser: DDR-Massenflucht: Ein Picknick hebt die Welt aus den Angeln (German – Mass exodus of the GDR: A picnic clears the world) In: Die Presse 16 August 2018.

17066: 14722: 14216: 3665:. Economic growth, together with the lack of safety on the mainland trading routes, made possible the development of major commercial routes along the coast of the 2699:

period—marked by the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock, increased numbers of settlements and the widespread use of pottery—began around 7000 BCE in

22493: 22163: 17728: 16956: 13084: 13050: 12050: 11987:. In 1933, there were about 9.5 million Jewish people in Europe, representing 1.7% of the population, but most were killed, and most of the rest displaced, during 11516:. Slavic languages are mostly spoken in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. Romance languages are spoken primarily in Western and Southern Europe, as well as in 5331: 19972: 18883: 6840: 25180: 22473: 19435: 13449: 12873: 12439: 11143:

was expanded from 6 founding members to 12. The emphasis placed on resurrecting the West German economy led to it overtaking the UK as Europe's largest economy.

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and the Volga, the other following the Kuma–Manych Depression to the Caspian and then the Ural River, and the third abandoning the Don altogether, following the

2242:, the British Isles, France, Christianised western Germany, the Alpine regions and northern and central Italy. The concept is one of the lasting legacies of the 6834: 2207:, linked to Latin and the Catholic church, began to associate itself with the concept of "Europe". The term "Europe" is first used for a cultural sphere in the 22458: 19547: 18675: 5108:. More than 40 million people in Europe had died as a result of the Second World War, including between 11 and 17 million people who perished during 14610: 12707:

is physiographically considered a transcontinental country, mostly in Central Asia (UN region), partly in Eastern Europe, with European territory west of the

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forests in the western Mediterranean. During recent times, deforestation has been slowed and many trees have been planted. However, in many cases monoculture

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Two world wars and an economic depression dominated the first half of the 20th century. The First World War was fought between 1914 and 1918. It started when

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reestablished contacts between Europe, Asia and Africa with extensive trade networks and colonies across the Mediterranean, and had an essential role in the

20837: 16566: 15172: 13019: 2841:

from around the 8th century BCE gradually gave rise to historical Classical antiquity, whose beginning is sometimes dated to 776 BCE, the year of the first

1984:, although politically belonging to Denmark. Nevertheless, there are some exceptions based on sociopolitical and cultural differences. Cyprus is closest to 25170: 22833: 22488: 22178: 19989: 19925: 19618: 16028:

1204 The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople, destroying and pillaging many of its treasures, fatally weakening the empire both economically and militarily

5116:(mostly civilians) during the war, about half of all Second World War casualties. By the end of the Second World War, Europe had more than 40 million 769:

began and were fought to a great extent in Europe, contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the

19399: 17134: 2139:

in the 5th century BCE. Herodotus mentioned that the world had been divided by unknown persons into three parts—Europe, Asia, and Libya (Africa)—with the

22419: 15944:

And though the final blow was struck by the Ottoman Turks, it can plausibly be argued that the fatal injury was inflicted by the Latin crusaders in 1204.

14114: 12429: 12213: 11762: 11309: 10233: 4406:

turned into a global war between 1778 and 1783, Britain found itself opposed by a strong coalition of European powers, and lacking any substantial ally.

3143: 2402: 21394: 20406: 16330: 25045: 22190: 21955: 16426: 11983:, the total Jewish population of Russia was 5.1 million people, which was 4.13% of total population. Of this total, the vast majority lived within the 571: 21011: 15190: 14572: 13162: 11276:

The population of Europe was about 742 million in 2023 according to UN estimates. This is slightly more than one ninth of the world's population. The

21911: 21184: 19898: 13110: 10763: 5559:, which equalise the temperatures on an annual and daily average, are also of particular importance. The water of the Mediterranean extends from the 2279:(1721) by Hermann Moll draws the eastern boundary of Europe along the Don River flowing south-west and the Tobol, Irtysh and Ob rivers flowing north. 726:, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs with multiple explorations and conquests around the world. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, 21950: 20514: 18140: 18104: 18036: 16308: 13136: 22330: 20783: 20047: 18276: 18068: 11487: 5186:, which had already started after the First World War, gradually resulted in the independence of most of the European colonies in Asia and Africa. 4935:

In 1933, Hitler became the leader of Germany and began to work towards his goal of building Greater Germany. Germany re-expanded and took back the

322: 20489: 19262: 19173: 14302: 13503: 3335:

While the Roman empire in the west continued to decline, Roman traditions and the Roman state remained strong in the predominantly Greek-speaking

22550: 22478: 22431: 20260: 18839: 13414:

Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of western civilization. ... Ideas from literature and science also have their roots in ancient Greece.

10237: 6483:

at some point in time, and the cutting down of the preagricultural forest habitat caused disruption to the original plant and animal ecosystems.

18386: 16917: 12584:; it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe. The population and area figures refer to the entire state, including the 6893: 6838: 6428:

Land use map of Europe with arable farmland (yellow), forest (dark green), pasture (light green) and tundra, or bogs, in the north (dark yellow)

4741:). The war left more than 16 million civilians and military dead. Over 60 million European soldiers were mobilised from 1914 to 1918. 26024: 25185: 22787: 21113: 19018: 18497: 17332: 16476: 4335:

marked the start of an Age of Discovery, a period of exploration, invention and scientific development. Among the great figures of the Western

3885:

grew from a small principality under Mongol rule to the largest state in Europe, overthrowing the Mongols in 1480, and eventually becoming the

3110:, a period of unprecedented peace, prosperity and political stability in most of Europe. The empire continued to expand under emperors such as 19867: 19797: 19068:

Carter, J.G. 2011, "Climate change adaptation in European cities", Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 193-198

14363: 12731:; it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe. The population and area figures include the entire state, respectively. 753:

shaped the continent culturally, politically, and economically from the end of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The

25268: 25210: 22730: 21139: 19227: 17646: 13726: 11256: 6571:

is also widely planted in southern Europe. The semi-arid Mediterranean region hosts much scrub forest. A narrow east–west tongue of Eurasian

5003: 3715: 2436:, as a valley that once connected the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and subsequently was proposed as a natural boundary between continents. 21258: 20282: 20198: 15986:

continue to stand for another 250 before ultimately falling to the Muslim Turks, but it had been irrevocably weakened by the Fourth Crusade.

10402:

was designed as an economic geographic representation of the respective economic power of the regions, which was further developed into the

6463:, are oriented east–west and allow the wind to carry large masses of water from the ocean in the interior. Others are oriented south–north ( 203: 24555: 23473: 22376: 14409: 14094:Καὶ τῇ Εὐρώπῃ δὲ συνάπτει διὰ τοῦ μεταξὺ αὐχένος τῆς τε Μαιώτιδος λίμνης καὶ τοῦ Σαρματικοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς διαβάσεως τοῦ Τανάϊδος ποταμοῦ. 11203: 3162:

outlawed pagan religions. This is sometimes considered to mark the end of antiquity; alternatively antiquity is considered to end with the

21271: 21069: 20809: 19767: 15153: 2147:, rather than the Phasis, as the boundary between Europe and Asia. Europe's eastern frontier was defined in the 1st century by geographer 22735: 22272: 22218: 20315: 20029: 17939: 17880: 16531: 16407:

Spinei, Victor. The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Brill, 2009,

16382: 15570: 15208: 14752: 14368: 14059: 13631: 12743:

is physiographically considered a transcontinental country, mostly in Western Asia. A small portion of its territory is located north of

6923: 6882: 6353:

The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the

5113: 3466:

were laid and from where the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula would start. However, no coordinated attempt would be made to drive the

649:, tempering winters and summers, on much of the continent. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable producing more 307: 21653: 18215: 17177: 17021: 16626: 16185: 16143: 16100: 16015: 15973: 15887: 15845: 15251: 14962: 14488:, p. 34: "most Soviet geographers took the watershed of the Main Range of the Greater Caucasus as the boundary between Europe and Asia." 14336: 13911: 13602: 13478: 12667:

population for November 2014. Population and area details include European portion only: Netherlands and three entities outside Europe (

27298: 27157: 22463: 22402: 21386: 20113: 17791: 16359: 14280: 13850: 13401: 11397:

are found on every continent. European ancestry predominates in North America and to a lesser degree in South America (particularly in

11063:

Capitalism has been dominant in the Western world since the end of feudalism. From Britain, it gradually spread throughout Europe. The

4459: 4312: 4139: 3366:, the Muslim Arabs began to make inroads into historically Roman territory, taking the Levant and North Africa and making inroads into 1233: 21409: 21222: 18863: 12775:; it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe. The population and area figures include Georgian estimates for 6850: 1022:

than Europa. Beekes has located toponyms related to that of Europa in the territory of ancient Greece, and localities such as that of

25125: 21983: 20911: 20536: 19747: 17687: 16506: 14097:"And is connected to Europe by the land-strait between Lake Maiotis and the Sarmatian Ocean where the river Tanais crosses through." 7047: 6236: 3343:. During most of its existence, the Byzantine Empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Emperor 1213: 20873: 17665: 16597: 3881:. Previously, these territories were under the successive control of Pechenegs and Cumans. From the 12th to the 15th centuries, the 1988:(or Asia Minor), but is considered part of Europe politically and it is a member state of the EU. Malta was considered an island of 27484: 24399: 22826: 22350: 21611: 21077: 19658: 18595: 16635: 12404: 12083:. 64.9% of the residents live on the European side and 35.1% on the Asian side. The next largest cities in order of population are 11911: 11371: 11252: 6256: 622: 21359: 21042: 20668: 19536: 17584: 12876:

by a vast majority of sovereign nations, nor the UN. Population figures stated as of 2003 census and 2000 estimates, respectively.

3908:

that would strike Europe in the late Middle Ages. The period between 1348 and 1420 witnessed the heaviest loss. The population of

24039: 23127: 22262: 22148: 21830: 20385: 17905: 13942: 12789: 9859: 9566: 9531: 7100: 6889: 6836: 4836: 3563: 283: 191: 23408:

within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.

12212:

Map purportedly displaying the European continent split along cultural and state borders as proposed by the German organisation

872:

take place every five years within the EU; they are considered to be the second-largest democratic elections in the world after

27291: 27177: 24487: 22543: 21331: 18620:

Der 19. August 1989 war ein Test für Gorbatschows" (German – August 19, 1989 was a test for Gorbachev), In: FAZ 19 August 2009.

18475: 15730:

Gerald Mako, "The Islamization of the Volga Bulghars: A Question Reconsidered", Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 18, 2011, 199–223.

14902:

Douka, Katerina; et al. (2012). "A new chronostratigraphic framework for the Upper Palaeolithic of Riparo Mochi (Italy)".

11121: 6916: 3680:

The Middle Ages on the mainland were dominated by the two upper echelons of the social structure: the nobility and the clergy.

3158:

in his honour in 330 CE. Christianity became the sole official religion of the empire in 380 CE, and in 391–392 CE the emperor

3135: 2327:). But maps produced during the 16th to 18th centuries tended to differ in how to continue the boundary beyond the Don bend at 20140: 20088: 19819: 13228: 11300:

predicts that Europe will decline in population between 2022 and 2050 by −7 per cent, without changing immigration movements.

2199:

The Roman Empire did not attach a strong identity to the concept of continental divisions. However, following the fall of the

27286: 27220: 25065: 22371: 21591: 21570: 21549: 21527: 21508: 21373: 21056: 20167: 19702: 18796: 18742: 18255: 18179: 17978: 17933: 17874: 17566: 17541: 17505: 17490: 17434: 17409: 17380: 17346: 17303: 17274: 17171: 16796: 16692: 16412: 16302: 16233: 16179: 16137: 16094: 16051: 16009: 15967: 15930: 15881: 15839: 15748: 15564: 15525: 15439: 15395: 15367: 15326: 15289: 15245: 15056: 15004: 14956: 14689: 14485: 14461: 14436: 14274: 14187: 14052: 14015: 13787: 13753: 13661: 13596: 13557: 13395: 13355: 12912:, is geographically a part of the continent of North America, but has been politically and culturally associated with Europe. 11370:

Europe is home to the highest number of migrants of all global regions at nearly 87 million people in 2020, according to the

6814: 5121: 4154:

and England soon followed in building large colonial empires with vast holdings in Africa, the Americas and Asia. In 1588, a

4051: 3927:

The plague had a devastating effect on Europe's social structure; it induced people to live for the moment as illustrated by

3431: 2291:

The question of defining a precise eastern boundary of Europe arises in the Early Modern period, as the eastern extension of

178: 21197: 19284:

Bryant, S.; Thomas, C.; Bale, J. (1997). "Nettle-feeding nymphalid butterflies: temperature, development and distribution".

17744: 17622: 15531: 15445: 15295: 14632:

A. Vekua; D. Lordkipanidze; G.P. Rightmire; J. Agusti; R. Ferring; G. Maisuradze; et al. (2002). "A new skull of early

14386: 14084: 13563: 13184: 11429:

have large European-derived populations. Africa has no countries with European-derived majorities (or with the exception of

6843: 5389:, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. This extended lowland is known as the 2272: 27281: 27245: 27184: 22000: 19111: 18416: 18361: 16447: 16265: 16057: 12434: 12111: 11919: 6896: 6844: 6500: 6385:

and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the

4795:

and the Ottoman Empire collapsed and broke up into separate nations, and many other nations had their borders redrawn. The

869: 19946: 19202: 19044: 17619: 17200: 12251:

This shared cultural heritage is combined by overlapping indigenous national cultures and folklores, roughly divided into

11754:

Multilingualism and the protection of regional and minority languages are recognised political goals in Europe today. The

6883: 6723:, different species of reptiles (like snakes such as vipers and grass snakes) and amphibians, as well as different birds ( 2016:

suggested in 1715 Europe was bounded by a series of partly-joined waterways directed towards the Turkish straits, and the

27274: 27269: 27215: 22819: 21730: 19596:"Peak GDP (PPP) by the World Bank for Russia, Germany, Brazil, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, the Netherlands and Romania" 16953: 14714: 13504:"Qrakh. Thraciae Veteris Typus. Ex conatibus Geographicis Abrah. Ortelij. Cum Imp. Et Belgico privilegio decennali. 1585" 12747:, considered part of Eastern Europe. However the population and area figures are for the entire state. This includes the 11108:, also recovered and the nation recorded huge unprecedented economic growth beginning in the 1960s in what is called the 9771:

Several dependencies and similar territories with broad autonomy are also found within or close to Europe. This includes

5377:

relatively small areas. The southern regions are more mountainous, while moving north the terrain descends from the high

4964: 4675: 4399: 45: 21210: 19147: 17724: 6860: 5131:

and divided into two blocs, the Western countries and the communist Eastern bloc, separated by what was later called by

27143: 26017: 23311: 22267: 22138: 21988: 21607: 21218: 20569: 17835: 17102: 17060: 14134: 13267: 12652: 12507: 10419: 5527:. The climate is milder in comparison to other areas of the same latitude around the globe due to the influence of the 4602: 4281: 3454:

the power of the Muslims in the south was scarcely felt. It was here that the foundations of the Christian kingdoms of

3395: 2037: 1246: 1219: 618: 21158: 21092: 19969: 19443: 13441: 6842: 6837: 6239:

and impacts on ecosystems. European countries are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, although the

5346:

on 24 February 2022, marking the largest humanitarian and refugee crisis in Europe since the Second World War and the

27225: 25261: 25230: 22060: 21492: 20965: 20619: 20594: 17226:

Gipson, Lawrence Henry (1950). "The American Revolution as an Aftermath of the Great War for the Empire, 1754–1763".

17147: 17034: 16995: 16847: 16725: 16666: 16643: 16455: 15502: 13923: 13296: 5327: 5295: 4502: 4269: 3579: 849: 87: 14602: 12497:

control is exercised by its internationally unrecognised government which declared independence from Moldova in 1990

6888: 27240: 27230: 27172: 27150: 27133: 27128: 27047: 25060: 24421: 23837: 23466: 22617: 22555: 22289: 21866: 18891: 16334: 12970:. Whether countries are considered in Europe or Asia can vary in sources, for example in the classification of the 9795:

is also included due to its unique status within Norway, although it is not autonomous. Not included are the three

6853: 6835: 6525: 5294:

between six Western European states with the goal of a unified economic policy and common market. In 1967 the EEC,

4995: 4994:

on 1 September 1939, prompting France and the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany on 3 September, opening the

3163: 2653: 2401:

The mapmakers continued to differ on the boundary between the lower Don and Samara well into the 19th century. The

2079: 727: 676: 21296: 20939: 19465: 18444: 16156:

Although the empire was revived, the events of 1204 had so weakened Byzantium that it was no longer a great power.

13078:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 12962:

The map shows one of the most commonly accepted delineations of the geographical boundaries of Europe, as used by

11936:

is the second most popular religion in Europe. Over 25 million, or roughly 5% of the population, adhere to it. In

5586: 2593: 27250: 27079: 26945: 26859: 26809: 25160: 25095: 24140: 24006: 23376: 22386: 22245: 21131: 19373: 19079: 16562: 13011: 9854: 9796: 9560: 7094: 5213: 4968: 4846: 4238: 4189:. The principal military base of Philip II in Europe was the Spanish road stretching from the Netherlands to the 3662: 2451:

advocating the Caucasus crest boundary as the "best possible", citing support from various "modern geographers".

852:

since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. A majority of its members have adopted a common currency, the

810: 23813: 21284: 20704: 19615: 6849: 4211:

criticising the selling of indulgences to the church door. He was subsequently excommunicated in the papal bull

2447:

to the Caspian. The question was still treated as a "controversy" in geographical literature of the 1860s, with

27194: 24351: 23961: 22279: 19519: 19403: 19350: 17995: 12752: 12144: 11964:, all of which are at the border to Asia. Many countries in Europe are home to a sizeable Muslim minority, and 11230: 11226: 10431: 9800: 6870: 6196:

Increase of average yearly temperature (2000-2017) above the 20th century average in selected cities in Europe

6192: 3905: 3795: 2482:; and Kuma–Manych Depression, thus placing the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals entirely in Europe. The 1936: 19494:

Some data refers to IMF staff estimates but some are actual figures for the year 2017, made on 12 April 2017.

16423: 10452:

As a whole, Europe's GDP per capita is US$ 21,767 according to a 2016 International Monetary Fund assessment.

6887: 6325:, later resplitting around 550 million years ago to reform as Baltica. Around 440 million years ago 3630: 3602:

became an Islamic state in the 10th century, but was eventually absorbed into Russia several centuries later.

2672:) appeared in Europe 150,000 years ago (115,000 years ago it is found already in the territory of present-day 27504: 27489: 26010: 25970: 24504: 23996: 22664: 22235: 22208: 21245: 20752: 20410: 18024:"Asserts Serbians Face Extinction; Their Plight in Occupied Districts Worse Than Belgians', Says Labor Envoy" 12288: 12056: 11976: 11728: 11712: 6980:

has been the focus of economic integration on the continent since its foundation in 1993. More recently, the

6852: 5104:, ending the Second World War in Europe. The war was the largest and most destructive in human history, with 4657: 4560: 4316: 4186: 3901: 2354: 1005: 406: 111: 21627: 20639: 20252: 15194: 13318: 11434: 6895: 6891: 6871: 27537: 27189: 26819: 26546: 26251: 25876: 25254: 25115: 25100: 24995: 23224: 22252: 22158: 21000: 19890: 13158: 12929: 12925: 12172: 10388: 9788: 6277: 6207: 5093: 3567: 2545: 904:

of the 6th century BCE, dividing the known world into three large landmasses, one of which was named Europe

861: 21182: 20506: 14580: 13106: 11975:

population in Europe was about 1.4 million people in 2020 (about 0.2% of the population). There is a long

5053: 3450:

in 732, which ended their northward advance. In the remote regions of north-western Iberia and the middle

26676: 25836: 24521: 24032: 23459: 23402:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.

22607: 22381: 21929: 21916: 21823: 21631: 21480: 19891:"Global Markets Shudder: Doubts About U.S. Economy and a Debt Crunch in Europe Jolt Hopes for a Recovery" 19506: 19169: 18129: 18093: 18023: 17826:

Heinrich August Winkler (2015). "The Struggle for Independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland".

16292: 13762: 13347: 13132: 12963: 12284: 11948:

in Southeastern Europe, Islam instead of Christianity is the majority religion. This is also the case in

6436:

and northern Russia, few areas of untouched wilderness are currently found in Europe, except for various

5368:

General topographic map of Europe showing physical, political and population characteristics, as per 2024

5339: 5291: 4987: 3849: 3363: 3253: 2760: 2628:

ended about 10,000 years ago. Earth is currently in an interglacial period of the Quaternary, called the

2406: 1027: 1012:, who has argued in favour of a pre-Indo-European origin for the name, explaining that a derivation from 22602: 22040: 21008:

Expert Group Meeting on Policy Responses to Population Ageing and Population Decline /UN/POP/PRA/2000/14

18272: 18061: 16247:

Western Christians, not Muslims, fatally crippled Byzantine power and opened Islam's path into the West.

12991:

This number includes Siberia, (about 38 million people) but excludes European Turkey (about 12 million).

11076: 6878: 6877: 5002:

started on 17 September and Poland fell soon thereafter. On 24 September, the Soviet Union attacked the

3661:

During the High Middle Ages the population of Europe experienced significant growth, culminating in the

3470:

out. The Christian kingdoms were mainly focused on their own internal power struggles. As a result, the

1992:

for centuries, but now it is considered to be part of Europe as well. "Europe", as used specifically in

26854: 26839: 26137: 26122: 24392: 24115: 23935: 22511: 22340: 22067: 21945: 21923: 21692: 21427: 21166: 20486: 19254: 18829: 15415: 14306: 12684: 12444: 11528:

in Eastern Europe. Germanic languages are spoken in Western, Northern and Central Europe as well as in

11317: 11113: 7052:

This list includes all internationally recognised sovereign countries falling even partially under any

6868: 6665: 5485: 5274:, with the idea of unifying Europe to achieve common goals. It includes all European states except for 4812: 4403: 3193: 2444: 2422: 707: 21621: 21117: 19559: 19116: 16368: 12967: 11191:

With the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1991, the post-socialist states underwent

6942:

The political map of Europe is substantially derived from the re-organisation of Europe following the

6863: 6862: 6839: 27235: 27167: 27138: 27123: 26864: 26789: 25781: 25771: 25524: 25040: 25000: 24441: 22718: 22523: 22296: 22030: 22005: 21664: 21171: 21153: 21076:

places Azerbaijan in South Western Asia, with a small portion north of the Caucasus range in Europe.

18395: 15652: 12449: 12236:), as established or defended throughout the medieval and early modern history of Europe, especially 11335: 11281: 11192: 9847: 9553: 7087: 6886: 6880: 6876: 6314: 6244: 6215: 5315: 5156: 4999: 4913: 4606: 4526: 4226: 3909: 3833: 3542:

spread its territory all the way south to the Balkans, reaching its largest territorial extent under

3379: 3371: 2794: 1261: 20070: 16468: 16071:

Constantinople in 1453, sheer poverty and weakness were the causes of the capital city's final fall.

12592:

which is not recognised as a sovereign nation by the vast majority of sovereign nations, nor the UN.

11910:. Although Christianity originated in the Middle East, its centre of mass shifted to Europe when it 10242: 6875: 4438:

resulted in the further dissemination of the ideals of the French Revolution, including that of the

4264:; the region experienced more than 150 famines in a 200-year period between 1501 and 1700. From the 4038:. The Renaissance spread across Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries: it saw the flowering of 2989:, considered a pivotal moment in world history, as the 50 years of peace that followed are known as 2398:

have declared that they see little validity in the Ural Mountains as a boundary between continents.

2299:. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the 18th century, the traditional division of the landmass of 510:

Includes Asian population. Istanbul is a transcontinental city which straddles both Asia and Europe.

26824: 26741: 26324: 26037: 25990: 25756: 25140: 24868: 24630: 24590: 24580: 24528: 23770: 22050: 22020: 22015: 21920: 21279: 19857: 19789: 17643: 16981:

Virginia Aksan, Ottoman Wars, 1700–1860: An Empire Besieged, (Pearson Education Limited, 2007), 28.

11676: 10408: 6901: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6869: 6864: 6861: 6845: 6219: 6185: 4585: 4573: 4273: 4146:(1519–1522). Soon after, the Spanish and Portuguese began establishing large global empires in the 2798: 924: 887: 758: 274: 26002: 19231: 13687: 6885: 6873: 6524:

Europe is just 2–3% or less, while in its Western Russia its 5–10%. The European country with the

5178:, the United States and the Soviet Union, became locked in a fifty-year-long Cold War, centred on 4143: 3688:

in the Early Middle Ages, and soon spread throughout Europe. A struggle for influence between the

2993:, the seminal period of ancient Greece that laid many of the foundations of Western civilisation. 27471: 27162: 27069: 26746: 26456: 26451: 25813: 25808: 24918: 24826: 24125: 24120: 23986: 22713: 22153: 22122: 21256: 21010:. United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. pp. 6, 10. 20640:"Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" 20537:"Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" 20289: 20202: 17695: 14996: 14897: 12256: 11907: 11871: 11493: 11329: 11068:

strength of the United States. The Second World War, again, damaged much of Europe's industries.

7031: 6981: 6959: 6947: 6881: 6866: 6858: 6857: 6854: 5105: 4990:, which allowed the Soviets to invade the Baltic states and parts of Poland and Romania. Germany 4885: 4479: 3920:

in human history which killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe alone—a third of the

3868:, were mostly Turkic-speaking peoples under Mongol suzerainty. They established the state of the 3743: 3595: 2770:

The modern native populations of Europe largely descend from three distinct lineages: Mesolithic

2243: 2208: 2053:

separated from Europe by large bodies of water. Spain, for example, has territories south of the

2032: 806: 659:

consists of a range of national and regional cultures, which form the central roots of the wider

264: 170: 20: 15173:"Thousands of horsemen may have swept into Bronze Age Europe, transforming the local population" 14413: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6884: 6865: 6361:

of Hungary. Europe's most significant feature is the dichotomy between highland and mountainous

1980:

is considered to be part of Europe, while the nearby island of Greenland is usually assigned to

27448: 27255: 26849: 26652: 25751: 25090: 25080: 24669: 24600: 24585: 24066: 24025: 23763: 23757: 23734: 23651: 22897: 22695: 22654: 22644: 22230: 21816: 21089: 21067: 19763: 15922: 15019: 12292: 12245: 12237: 11941: 11672: 11386: 11246: 7473: 7466: 7458: 6879: 6874: 6684: 6568: 6490:

Floristic regions of Europe and neighbouring areas, according to Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch

6464: 6452: 6382: 5058: 5047: 5039: 4979: 4963:

inhabited by ethnic Germans. In early 1939, the remainder of Czechoslovakia was split into the

4804: 4611: 4546: 4521:

perceived the preservation of the Ottoman Empire to be in their best interests. Meanwhile, the

4491: 4443: 4254: 4229:

spread with Protestantism. The plunder of the empires of the Americas allowed Spain to finance

4198: 3861: 3810: 3806: 3783: 3559: 3543: 3170:

in 529 CE; or the rise of Islam in the early 7th century CE. During most of its existence, the

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27 European states are members of the politico-economic European Union, 26 of the border-free

6912:

showing the relationships between various multinational European organisations and agreements

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Sea creatures are also an important part of European flora and fauna. The sea flora is mainly

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at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to radical economic, cultural, and social change in

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Bulliet, Richard; Crossley, Pamela; Headrick, Daniel; Hirsch, Steven; Johnson, Lyman (2011).

19196:"State of Europe's Forests 2007: The MCPFE report on sustainable forest management in Europe" 18207: 17401: 17161: 17018: 16623: 16356: 15235: 14946: 14427:

Tutin, T.G.; Heywood, V.H.; Burges, N.A.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M.; Webb, D.A. (1964).

14333: 13964: 13906: 13586: 12554: 12464: 11980: 11965: 11660: 11353: 11285: 11064: 10392: 9967: 9960: 9952: 9886: 9879: 6609: 6559:

forest; further north within Russia and extreme northern Scandinavia, the taiga gives way to

5524: 5326:

as a unified currency. Between 2004 and 2013, more Central European countries began joining,

5319: 5179: 5089: 5070: 4690: 4581: 4569: 4411: 4370: 4336: 4059: 3980: 3882: 3705: 2842: 2617: 2127:. Anaximander placed the boundary between Asia and Europe along the Phasis River (the modern 2089: 754: 23524: 21406: 21384: 18383: 17795: 17292: 14352: 14264: 13973: 13471: 13385: 10441:

Some European countries are much richer than others. The richest in terms of nominal GDP is

6539:

and coniferous trees dominate. The most important species in central and western Europe are

5030:

but failed to convince the Britons to give up. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union in

4955:

signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy, later in 1938 Germany annexed the

4509:

struggled to safeguard their strategic and commercial interests in the Ottoman domains. The

69: 27415: 26391: 26109: 25975: 25730: 25621: 25195: 24950: 24863: 24841: 24764: 24760: 24689: 24605: 24550: 24545: 24368: 24212: 24101: 23966: 23545: 22742: 22107: 21993: 21226: 20729: 19293: 18939: 18860: 16503: 15959:

A Glorious Disaster: A.D. 1100 to 1300: The Crusades: Blood, Valor, Iniquity, Reason, Faith

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on 25 August 1990 and 28 November 1991, respectively. Their status as sovereign nations is

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through the Low Countries. France capitulated in June 1940. By August, Germany had begun a

4796: 4772: 4679: 4378: 4293: 4234: 4111: 4023: 3494: 3336: 2990: 2783: 2736: 2200: 2124: 1862: 820:

European integration is being advanced institutionally since 1948 with the founding of the

814: 742: 699: 236: 19744: 18994:"Europe is getting warmer, and it's not looking like it's going to cool down anytime soon" 18922:

Beck, Hylke E.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; McVicar, Tim R.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Berg, Alexis;

18797:"Protecting Ukrainian refugees: What can we learn from the response to Kosovo in the 90s?" 18638:

Andreas Rödder, Deutschland einig Vaterland – Die Geschichte der Wiedervereinigung (2009).

18583:

Christian Jennings "Flashpoint Trieste: The First Battle of the Cold War", (2017), pp 244.

17700: 16589: 6210:. According to international climate experts, global temperature rise should not exceed 2 5237: 1940:

Definitions used for the boundary between Asia and Europe in different periods of history.

8: 27577: 27064: 26729: 26666: 26642: 26473: 26334: 26280: 26221: 26192: 26132: 26127: 25985: 25932: 25722: 25681: 25220: 25085: 24955: 24745: 24674: 24431: 24404: 24387: 24375: 24197: 24153: 23991: 23842: 23783: 23646: 23550: 23482: 23336: 23169: 22967: 22538: 22528: 22355: 22240: 21971: 21891: 21876: 21640: 20903: 20673: 19595: 19338: 17662: 14696: 14076: 12648: 12389: 11787: 11700: 11549: 11480: 11470: 10430:

as a common currency. Five European countries rank in the top ten of the world's largest

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and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Ireland in the west to the

6252: 5359: 5335: 5311: 5233: 5221: 4487: 4475: 4451: 4423: 4395: 4285: 4242: 4230: 4107: 3966: 3938: 3921: 3791: 3723: 3625: 3520: 3455: 2854: 2830: 2806: 2802: 2728: 2665: 2625: 2440: 2410: 2332: 2166: 2162: 2009: 1898: 1421: 1053: 1009: 829: 802: 711: 695: 650: 535: 298: 138: 25641: 23903: 23896: 23315: 19654: 19297: 19019:"Climate change impacts scar Europe, but increase in renewables signals hope for future" 18943: 17581: 15105: 14915: 14849: 14792: 14649: 14532: 13627:

Hellenosemitica: An Ethnic and Cultural Study in West Semitic Impact on Mycenaean Greece

11540:, for example). Other Indo-European languages outside the three main groups include the 6664:, the second-largest predator in Europe after the brown bear, can be found primarily in 6486: 5084:

in 1943, the German offensive in the Soviet Union turned into a continual fallback. The

4853: 3146:. Constantine also permanently moved the capital of the empire from Rome to the city of 2685: 2303:

into two continents, Europe and Asia, followed Ptolemy, with the boundary following the

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Michael Gehler "Der alte und der neue Kalte Krieg in Europa" In: Die Presse 19.11.2015.

18592: 18539: 18531: 18169: 18031: 17243: 16786: 16682: 15431:

The Battle of Salamis: The Naval Encounter That Saved Greece – and Western Civilization

15359: 15130: 15091: 15077: 15040: 14874: 14833: 14814: 14745:"Neanderthals Died Out 10,000 Years Earlier Than Thought, With Help From Modern Humans" 14669: 14549: 14514: 13829: 13821: 13718: 12971: 12542: 11984: 11774: 11608: 11537: 11509: 11313: 11312:

of child-bearing age is 1.52, far below the replacement rate. The UN predicts a steady

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as a result of which the monarchy and many of the nobility perished during the initial

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By the mid-19th century, there were three main conventions, one following the Don, the

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of the 9th century. From that time, the term designated the sphere of influence of the

2144: 2143:

and the Phasis forming their boundaries—though he also states that some considered the

2004: 1997: 1922: 1147:

is also sometimes used in Japanese such as in the Japanese name of the European Union,

873: 539: 364: 248: 23940: 21647: 21357: 21040: 20382: 17902: 16909: 15915: 15078:"Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe" 13938: 12259:

and Germanic, but with several components not part of either of these groups (notably

11536:

in Southern Europe. Languages in adjacent areas show significant overlaps (such as in

5216:

movement in Poland weakened the previously rigid communist system. The opening of the

2357:

was the first to depart from the classical Don boundary. He drew a new line along the

2119:. As a name for a part of the known world, it is first used in the 6th century BCE by 59: 27433: 27052: 26879: 26844: 26705: 26700: 26681: 26490: 26317: 26077: 25907: 25761: 25726: 25070: 24972: 24960: 24945: 24925: 24836: 24783: 24755: 24737: 24540: 24416: 24409: 24222: 24170: 24148: 24076: 23872: 23794: 23788: 23728: 23586: 23560: 23540: 23519: 23434: 22942: 22768: 22761: 22676: 22577: 22565: 22314: 22143: 22045: 22025: 22010: 21851: 21843: 21765: 21676: 21587: 21566: 21545: 21523: 21504: 21488: 21109: 20961: 20626:

Christianity has undoubtedly shaped European identity, culture, destiny, and history.

20615: 20590: 20565: 20457: 20351:"Work in progress: Indirect passage from Europe Transmigration via the UK, 1836–1914" 20173: 20163: 19698: 19305: 18965: 18565:

Jessica Caus "Am Checkpoint Charlie lebt der Kalte Krieg" In: Die Welt 4 August 2015.

18543: 18251: 18175: 18000: 17974: 17963: 17929: 17870: 17831: 17562: 17537: 17530: 17486: 17430: 17405: 17376: 17342: 17299: 17270: 17167: 17143: 17098: 17056: 17030: 16910:"European History/Religious Wars in Europe – Wikibooks, open books for an open world" 16843: 16792: 16721: 16688: 16662: 16639: 16451: 16408: 16298: 16229: 16222: 16175: 16133: 16090: 16047: 16005: 15963: 15926: 15877: 15835: 15744: 15560: 15521: 15498: 15435: 15391: 15363: 15322: 15285: 15241: 15135: 15117: 15052: 15000: 14952: 14927: 14879: 14818: 14806: 14661: 14554: 14481: 14457: 14432: 14270: 14183: 14130: 14048: 14011: 13919: 13833: 13783: 13722: 13710: 13592: 13553: 13391: 13351: 12940:

control is exercised by governments which declared independence from Ukraine in 2014.

12869: 12768: 12360: 12233: 12199: 12193: 11996: 11927: 11755: 11708: 11696: 11600: 11589: 11585: 11497: 11475: 11458: 11394: 11379: 11357: 11269: 11184: 11101: 10418:

The European Union, a political entity composed of 27 European states, comprises the

10229: 7908: 7901: 7893: 7053: 6969: 6818: 6720: 6273: 6248: 6203: 5556: 5429: 5409: 5405: 5271: 5267: 5209: 5197: 5132: 5097: 5066: 5027: 5011: 4873: 4800: 4631: 4514: 4435: 4374: 4182: 4091: 4007: 3954: 3894: 3886: 3775: 3719: 3666: 3514: 3478: 3427: 3403: 3391: 3348: 3257: 3197: 3187: 3025: 2982: 2818: 2641: 2525: 2516:

are comparable to the entire European landmass, not to a single European country. ."

2463: 2395: 2292: 2263: 2132: 2054: 1969: 1930: 1854: 1393: 1044: 1023: 841: 821: 746: 723: 646: 638: 551: 369: 25215: 22035: 21685: 21616: 21518:

Brown, Stephen F.; Anatolios, Khaled; Palmer, Martin (2009). O'Brien, Joanne (ed.).

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Accounting for War: Soviet Production, Employment, and the Defence Burden, 1940–1945

17479: 14673: 12228:

and its cultures. The boundaries of Europe were historically understood as those of

12220:"Europe" as a cultural concept is substantially derived from the shared heritage of 7008: 3036:, and many more key aspects in western civilisation. By 200 BCE, Rome had conquered 1953: 1255:: countries not geographically in Europe, but closely associated with the continent 27514: 27509: 27499: 27428: 27105: 27059: 27002: 26931: 26794: 26688: 26637: 26615: 26468: 26415: 26354: 25922: 25896: 25586: 24831: 24821: 24647: 24595: 24499: 24363: 24252: 24202: 24180: 24175: 24106: 23971: 23890: 23847: 23832: 23807: 23802: 23747: 23712: 23697: 23687: 23656: 23625: 23576: 23555: 23504: 23499: 23490: 23372: 22703: 22629: 22612: 22590: 22345: 21718: 21680: 20756: 20445: 20362: 20137: 20092: 19823: 19301: 18955: 18947: 18680: 18523: 17235: 16678: 15125: 15109: 15082: 14919: 14869: 14861: 14853: 14796: 14653: 14544: 14536: 14519: 14161: 14122: 13813: 13702: 12885: 12756: 12744: 12348: 12088: 11945: 11923: 11748: 11740: 11736: 11724: 11716: 11668: 11664: 11656: 11644: 11604: 11596: 11573: 11553: 11545: 11541: 11513: 11260: 11105: 7195: 6973: 6700: 6597: 6299: 6295: 6260: 5783: 5582: 5544: 5503: 5128: 5101: 5062: 5023: 4952: 4917: 4897: 4889: 4865: 4811:'s leadership, confiscations of grain by the Soviet authorities contributed to the 4649: 4641: 4498: 4250: 4027: 3993: 3984: 3803: 3747: 3739: 3709: 3655: 3651: 3615: 3611: 3575: 3486: 3387: 3340: 3171: 3167: 3119: 2216: 2170: 1944: 1582: 1192:") is used casually in referring to much of Europe, besides official names such as 897: 715: 684: 680: 656: 630: 625:, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a 591: 447: 354: 349: 339: 329: 23702: 20367: 20350: 18734: 18514:

Schechtman, Joseph B. (1953). "Postwar Population Transfers in Europe: A Survey".

14686: 13750: 13653: 5006:

and, on 30 November, Finland, the latter of which was followed by the devastating

3517:, which eventually became centred in the German principalities of central Europe. 3351:

that forms the basis of many modern legal systems, funded the construction of the

1831: 777:

took prominence and competed over dominance in Europe and globally. The resulting

52: 27572: 27400: 26901: 26889: 26874: 26829: 26779: 26719: 26661: 26622: 26610: 26603: 26512: 26329: 26312: 26287: 25912: 25882: 25823: 25646: 25205: 25145: 25030: 24878: 24873: 24851: 24771: 24725: 24482: 24436: 24334: 24311: 24294: 24267: 24052: 23922: 23916: 23857: 23620: 23615: 23591: 23427: 23340: 23148: 23027: 22854: 22777: 22684: 22671: 22659: 22634: 22624: 22560: 21560: 21413: 21401: 21390: 21377: 21371: 21363: 21288: 21275: 21262: 21249: 21214: 21201: 21195: 21188: 21175: 21162: 21096: 21084: 21073: 21060: 21054: 21046: 20943: 20493: 20389: 20144: 20120: 19976: 19953: 19843: 19751: 19622: 19502: 18928:"Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution" 18867: 18599: 18390: 18365: 17909: 17732: 17669: 17650: 17626: 17588: 17511: 17338: 17138: 17131: 17092: 17050: 17046: 17025: 16960: 16630: 16510: 16480: 16430: 16363: 16259: 16041: 15515: 15429: 15279: 14923: 14693: 14382: 14340: 14212: 14126: 14110: 14088: 14081: 14063: 13915: 13757: 13547: 13517: 13192: 12589: 12550: 12515: 12419: 12356: 12331: 12305: 11953: 11744: 11732: 11652: 11628: 11624: 11577: 11561: 11366:

Map showing areas of European settlement (people who claim full European descent)

11341: 11305: 11109: 10438:): Germany (6), Russia (7), the United Kingdom (10), France (11) and Italy (13). 9829: 9670: 9663: 9655: 9540: 8711: 8704: 8696: 8441: 7004: 6943: 6613: 6592: 6536: 6362: 6228: 5901: 5160: 5159:, founded in 1947 with the UN, was dissolved in 1954 and 1975, respectively. The 5124:

in Central and Eastern Europe displaced a total of about 20 million people.

5085: 5035: 4920:. Helped by the economic crisis, social instability and the threat of communism, 4881: 4792: 4749: 4726: 4682: 4667: 4645: 4471: 4447: 4427: 4415: 4308: 4039: 3953:

and mortalities until the 18th century. During this period, more than 100 plague

3459: 3447: 3297: 3127: 3115: 2814: 2787: 2771: 2744: 2661: 2649: 2475: 2391: 2370: 2304: 2204: 1993: 1531: 1323: 1071: 920: 750: 703: 660: 575: 359: 344: 334: 242: 25959: 23852: 23682: 19992:. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 19121: 18408: 18358: 16086:

History of the World Christian Movement: Volume 1: Earliest Christianity To 1453

11180: 4260:

The 17th century in Central and parts of Eastern Europe was a period of general

3937:(1353). It was a serious blow to the Roman Catholic Church and led to increased 3256:, Europe entered a long period of change arising from what historians call the " 3221: 3174:

was one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe.

1180:

being more commonly used. In some Turkic languages, the originally Persian name

27545: 27494: 27393: 27357: 27337: 27320: 27260: 27024: 26916: 26894: 26884: 26736: 26714: 26598: 26593: 26578: 26573: 26500: 26446: 26398: 26369: 26275: 26265: 25844: 25564: 25518: 25235: 25155: 25110: 25050: 25015: 24807: 24720: 24625: 24533: 24324: 24158: 24081: 23911: 23778: 23581: 23509: 23405: 23102: 22917: 22200: 21881: 21537: 21353: 21292: 20932: 20844: 20056: 19862: 18801: 18676:"Russia Quits Europe's Rule of Law Body, Sparking Questions Over Death Penalty" 17088: 14988: 14801: 14776: 14631: 14540: 13927:

These islands Pliny, as well as Strabo and Ptolemy, included in the African sea

13654:"Europe – Origin and meaning of the name Europe by Online Etymology Dictionary" 12708: 12546: 12399: 12264: 12221: 12000: 11899: 11887: 11688: 11684: 11680: 11612: 11581: 11569: 11557: 11501: 11297: 11292:

Europe will reach 30%. This is caused by the fact that the population has been

11234: 10894: 10795: 10547: 10496: 10380: 10376: 10372: 9984: 9804: 9430: 9423: 9415: 7677: 7670: 7662: 6996: 6977: 6680: 6669: 6621: 6583:

and southern Russia and ends in Hungary and traverses into taiga to the north.

6410: 6366: 6311: 6240: 6223: 6199: 5579:. None of them is located at high altitude; most of them are close to the sea. 5536: 5532: 5475: 5417: 5307: 5287: 5193: 5183: 5043: 4960: 4761: 4738: 4722: 4706: 4702: 4686: 4518: 4510: 4364: 4324: 4304: 4289: 4265: 4246: 4241:, killing between 25 and 40 percent of its population. In the aftermath of the 4213: 4190: 4159: 4155: 4098: 4035: 3853: 3841: 3814: 3799: 3673:. The growing wealth and independence acquired by some coastal cities gave the 3599: 3583: 3571: 3443: 3285: 3183: 3155: 3111: 3093: 3041: 2934: 2860: 2838: 2834: 2613: 2601: 2484: 2382: 2378: 2328: 2283: 2212: 1910: 1647: 1340: 845: 825: 762: 719: 688: 664: 579: 547: 379: 374: 20177: 20162:. NEW YORK: International Organization for Migration (IOM). 2021. p. 87. 18765:"Ukrainian exodus could be Europe's biggest refugee crisis since World War II" 18527: 12130: 12041:. They are estimated to make up about 18.3% of Europe's population currently. 11284:. This natural decrease in population is reduced by the fact that more people 5364: 5338:, which has been ongoing since 2014, steeply escalated when Russia launched a 4685:. Most European nations were drawn into the war, which was fought between the 3786:, ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule in the south-western peninsula. 2813:, the first advanced civilisation in Europe. The Minoans were followed by the 2652:

hominin remains, dating back roughly 1 million years, have been discovered in

27566: 27519: 27388: 27380: 27347: 27084: 27034: 26926: 26921: 26911: 26761: 26724: 26632: 26627: 26529: 26434: 25861: 25399: 25394: 25384: 25379: 25190: 25075: 24990: 24935: 24795: 24715: 24610: 24460: 24453: 24346: 24299: 24192: 24048: 23597: 23439: 23187: 23153: 22987: 22798: 22782: 22585: 22284: 22112: 21706: 19143: 18647:

Padraic Kenney "A Carnival of Revolution: Central Europe 1989" (2002) pp 109.

17262: 16654: 15619: 15121: 15027: 14515:"Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers" 14347:, Volumes 13–14, 1869. Cited as de facto convention by Baron von Haxthausen, 13714: 12861: 12780: 12380: 12268: 12260: 12252: 12208: 11988: 11895: 11720: 11704: 11620: 11616: 11565: 11414: 11132: 10403: 10047: 10040: 10032: 9712: 9705: 9697: 9688: 8542: 8337: 8330: 8322: 6988: 6909: 6743: 6712: 6661: 6496: 6437: 6347: 6291: 5560: 5548: 5457: 5347: 5109: 5074: 4877: 4824: 4730: 4430:, grew to encompass large parts of Europe before collapsing in 1815 with the 4422:

rose to power in the aftermath of the French Revolution, and established the

4218: 4202: 4135: 4119: 3933: 3751: 3727: 3539: 3415: 3362:

were severely weakened due to the protracted, centuries-lasting and frequent

3139: 3077: 2775: 2565: 2493: 2489: 2220: 2112: 2095: 1981: 1886: 1814: 1769: 1656: 1475: 974: 946: 865: 833: 828:(EU), which represents today the majority of Europe. The European Union is a 774: 392: 24017: 22595: 21208: 20434:"Classification Trends among Contemporary Filipino Crania Using Fordisc 3.1" 20283:"Ensaio sobre a imigração portuguesa e os padrões de miscigenação no Brasil" 19922:"European Leaders Try to Calm Fears Over Greek Debt Crisis and Protect Euro" 17163:

Controversy in marketing theory: for reason, realism, truth, and objectivity

15700: 14834:"The genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia" 14657: 13260: 12950: 12312: 11378:

of 1.8 million people. This accounted for almost 85% of Europe's total

11204:

experienced sudden mass unemployment and plummeting of industrial production

11151: 6499:, Europe still has over one quarter of its land area as forest, such as the 2996: 916:, which itself was also called Europe, before the term meant the continent. 606: 442: 27423: 27362: 27342: 27332: 27042: 27014: 26769: 26507: 26441: 26410: 26359: 26231: 26160: 26097: 26087: 25964: 25917: 25651: 25626: 25437: 25432: 25225: 25025: 24930: 24776: 24750: 24659: 24341: 24329: 24277: 24237: 24232: 24096: 24091: 23630: 23192: 23158: 23107: 21906: 21901: 21367: 21156: 20981: 20157: 19327: 18969: 18951: 17427:

Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe (European History in Perspective)

17328: 15139: 15044: 14984: 14931: 14883: 14810: 14665: 14558: 14456:(2nd ed.). Cambridge New York Melbourne : Cambridge University Press. 12909: 12676: 12486: 12394: 12334:

tends to be highly organized with many sports having professional leagues.

12225: 12203: 11915: 11859: 11797: 11505: 11442: 11437:, depending on context), but there are significant minorities, such as the 11199: 11117: 10024: 9780: 9749: 9742: 9734: 9484: 9470: 9463: 9455: 7109: 6601: 6468: 6433: 6282: 5564: 5283: 5225: 5217: 5136: 4929: 4925: 4861: 4857: 4842: 4768: 4594: 4590: 4565: 4439: 4352: 4332: 4300: 4127: 4087: 4075: 4055: 4003: 3869: 3555: 3547: 3524: 3352: 3159: 3131: 3101: 3057: 3009: 3001: 2864: 2752: 2740: 2732: 2681: 2621: 2505: 2459: 2366: 2347: 2312: 2108: 2025: 2017: 1976:

Islands are generally grouped with the nearest continental landmass, hence

1914: 1842: 1723: 1713: 1704: 1695: 1665: 892: 798: 790: 782: 770: 668: 583: 563: 543: 20011: 19837:

Thanks to the Bank it's a crisis; in the eurozone it's a total catastrophe

18440:

The State of The World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action

16991: 13706: 13292: 11362: 11195:

measures to liberalise their economies and implement free market reforms.

8115: 6567:

trees have been planted, which are very well adapted to its arid climate;

6369:

in the east. These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the

5625: 4178: 3750:

and the Roman Catholic Church in the former Western Roman Empire. In 1095

2869: 2335:), into territory not described in any detail by the ancient geographers. 27479: 27438: 27369: 27074: 26963: 26906: 26834: 26784: 26671: 26647: 26536: 26374: 26292: 26270: 26246: 26092: 26082: 25818: 25786: 25776: 25165: 24913: 24908: 24900: 24885: 24710: 24615: 24426: 24262: 24227: 24207: 24187: 24165: 24130: 23514: 23270: 23087: 23022: 22168: 21896: 21886: 21748: 20449: 19695:

Rethinking International Organisation: Deregulation and Global Governance

17052:

After the Deluge; Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655–1660

15666:

Kennedy, Hugh (1995). "The Muslims in Europe". In McKitterick, Rosamund,

15383: 15351: 12809: 12664: 12534: 12241: 12229: 12071:. All have over 10 million residents, and as such have been described as 12038: 11891: 11883: 11879: 11517: 11426: 11375: 11265: 11128: 11081: 11015: 10716: 10668: 10399: 10167: 10160: 10152: 9278: 9271: 9263: 8666: 8659: 8651: 6747: 6616:. As for the animals, in many parts of Europe most large animals and top 6448: 6398: 6317:. Around 1.1 billion years ago, Baltica and Arctica (as part of the 5691: 5528: 5386: 5229: 5164: 5144: 5143:

alliance and, later, the Soviet Union and Central Europe established the

4972: 4956: 4864:. Here Hitler, on the right, with his closest ally, the Italian dictator 4828: 4637: 4598: 4534: 4506: 4463: 4320: 4299:

From the 15th to 18th centuries, when the disintegrating khanates of the

4151: 4079: 4031: 4011: 3976: 3972: 3913: 3779: 3771: 3697: 3619: 3551: 3506: 3502: 3471: 3344: 3321: 3061: 3037: 2978: 2958: 2918: 2898: 2890: 2885:

Ancient Greece was the founding culture of Western civilisation. Western

2826: 2748: 2677: 2609: 2414: 2362: 2358: 2339: 2316: 2227: 2177: 2128: 2120: 2013: 1949: 1918: 1791: 1761: 1624: 1524: 1436: 901: 794: 691: 642: 587: 21282: 20768: 20760: 20253:"A pena do degredo nas Ordenações do Reino – Jus.com.br | Jus Navigandi" 18665:

Robert Stradling "Teaching 20th-century European history" (2003), pp 61.

16590:"Black Death blamed on man, not rats | UK news | The Observer" 15281:

The Rise of Western Power: A Comparative History of Western Civilization

15113: 14857: 13825: 13779:

The east face of Helicon: west Asiatic elements in Greek poetry and myth

11237:

unemployment rate was 10.3% in 2012. For those aged 15–24 it was 22.4%.

10064: 5853: 5547:

is 16 °C (61 °F), while it is only 13 °C (55 °F) in

4097:

Political intrigue within the Church in the mid-14th century caused the

2751:

cultural horizon flourished at the transition from the Neolithic to the

27009: 26978: 26804: 26799: 26463: 26424: 26386: 26304: 26177: 26062: 26057: 25856: 25766: 25746: 25596: 25324: 25319: 24696: 24684: 24654: 24620: 24560: 24242: 23057: 23017: 22997: 22977: 22882: 22097: 21799: 21300: 20936: 19377: 18535: 18438: 17247: 14865: 12982:, but which are nevertheless considered integral parts of that country. 12893: 12740: 12712: 12704: 12511: 12409: 12352: 12272: 12030: 11961: 11957: 11875: 11863: 11807: 11492:

Europe has about 225 indigenous languages, mostly falling within three

11454: 11450: 11430: 11131:

system were given a large amount of aid by the United States under the

10412: 10364: 9808: 9726: 9113: 9004: 8997: 8989: 8616: 8609: 8601: 8426: 8419: 8411: 8241: 8234: 8226: 7737: 7321: 7314: 7306: 6984:

has been established as a counterpart comprising former Soviet states.

6759: 6755: 6708: 6653: 6516: 6508: 6394: 6386: 6326: 5831: 5512: 5175: 5016: 5007: 4909: 4876:

sweeping through Russia also affected other European nations following

4627: 4542: 4340: 4222: 4043: 3949:. The plague is thought to have returned every generation with varying 3701: 3670: 3535: 3423: 3367: 3261: 3106: 2974: 2966: 2942: 2910: 2764: 2756: 2597: 2479: 2471: 2374: 2296: 2185: 2116: 2050: 2045: 1823: 1802: 1752: 1743: 1731: 1517: 1489: 1452: 1445: 1287: 1183: 837: 396: 25246: 23862: 23677: 18982:

Climate tables of the articles, where the precise sources can be found

18468:"Migrants, refugees, history and precedents | Forced Migration Review" 12672: 6675: 6424: 6243:

and governments of several countries have outlined plans to implement

5224:

then set in motion a peaceful chain reaction, at the end of which the

4901: 2897:, was the fundamental political unit of classical Greece. In 508 BCE, 2377:), then north and east along the latter waterway to its source in the 27456: 27115: 27089: 27019: 26997: 26990: 26774: 26551: 26485: 26381: 26204: 26187: 26072: 26067: 26041: 25927: 25791: 25741: 25661: 25656: 25601: 25534: 25277: 25130: 24967: 24702: 24664: 24257: 24071: 23451: 23399:

Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.

23220: 22992: 21050: 17201:"Scientific Revolution: Chronological Timeline: Copernicus to Newton" 13817: 12905: 12889: 12865: 12772: 12728: 12692: 12688: 12680: 12581: 12454: 12324: 12096: 11968:

has increased the number of Muslim people in Europe in recent years.

11903: 11529: 11457:. Also in Asia, Europeans, especially the Spanish are an influential 11422: 11402: 10127: 10120: 10112: 10104: 10087: 10080: 10072: 9944: 9248: 9158: 8923: 8681: 8630: 8381: 8374: 8366: 6767: 6633: 6625: 6572: 6520: 6480: 6390: 6343: 6318: 6290:

The geological history of Europe traces back to the formation of the

6232: 6059: 5809: 5739: 5576: 5520: 4948: 4940: 4788: 4765: 4483: 4383: 4115: 3989: 3950: 3845: 3829: 3767: 3763: 3681: 3309: 3265: 3147: 3013: 2954: 2950: 2938: 2922: 2886: 2874: 2712: 2624:

which lasted about 10,000–15,000 years. The last cold episode of the

2555: 2418: 2308: 2231: 2181: 2136: 1926: 1875: 1780: 1686: 1482: 1377: 1087: 1034: 1013: 991: 985: 968: 956: 942: 936: 766: 595: 531: 502:

Figures include only European portions of transcontinental countries.

457: 21782: 21661: 20904:"Major Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics and Maps" 20433: 20134:

Minderheitenrechte in Europa. Handbuch der europäischen Volksgruppen

17239: 11659:, in addition to smaller languages in Eastern and Southeast Europe ( 6781:

Biodiversity is protected in Europe through the Council of Europe's

5945: 5434: 4983: 4662: 3897:, steadily expanding to the east and south over the next centuries. 3207: 26983: 26588: 26524: 26495: 26405: 26364: 26172: 26152: 26032: 25851: 25736: 25616: 25606: 25569: 25554: 25539: 25529: 25452: 25447: 25120: 24816: 24637: 24465: 24380: 24319: 24282: 23867: 23412: 23362: 23332: 23253: 23248: 23138: 23072: 23067: 23042: 22902: 22257: 21636: 21243: 21240: 20781: 20393: 20071:"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations" 19957: 17718: 16687:(translation by S.G.C Middlemore ed.). London: Penguin Books. 16624:

Science and Theology Since Copernicus: The Search for Understanding

15096: 12857: 12785: 12776: 12715:. However, only the population figure refers to the entire country. 12602: 12558: 12530: 12320: 12178: 12121: 12076: 12072: 12019: 12015: 11867: 11837: 11827: 11711:. Two other language families reside in the North Caucasus (termed 11446: 11222: 11211: 11136: 11092: 10423: 10202: 10195: 9792: 9763: 9647: 9596: 9589: 9581: 9527: 9143: 9136: 9128: 9098: 9091: 9083: 9062: 8863: 8856: 8848: 8498: 8071: 7827: 7523: 7516: 7508: 7487: 7431: 7114: 6992: 6951: 6657: 6641: 6617: 6512: 6460: 6447:. The conditions for growth are very favourable. In the north, the 6413: 6370: 6338: 6330: 6151: 6107: 6037: 5993: 5923: 5761: 5382: 5253: 5236:, and the Cold War ended. Germany was reunited, after the symbolic 5205: 5168: 4971:. At the time, the United Kingdom and France preferred a policy of 4936: 4734: 4653: 4419: 4277: 4147: 4019: 3917: 3878: 3874: 3755: 3693: 3689: 3643: 3590:

to become the largest state in Europe by the 10th century. In 988,

3498: 3451: 3438:

and reduced their prestige. The Umayyads were then defeated by the

3419: 3411: 3375: 3359: 3325: 3151: 3097: 3053: 3045: 3017: 2945:; in dramatic and narrative verse, starting with the epic poems of 2926: 2914: 2708: 2689: 2645: 2629: 2573: 2467: 2387: 2343: 2153: 2021: 1985: 1603: 1596: 1561: 1545: 1315: 1163: 1019: 778: 731: 599: 418: 23307: 21808: 20229:

Migration and migrant population statistics – Statistics Explained

19889:

Blackstone, Brian; Lauricella, Tom; Shah, Neil (5 February 2010).

15712: 13588:

The Rape of Europa: The Intriguing History of Titian's Masterpiece

11930:. Today, a bit over 25% of the world's Christians live in Europe. 11512:, whose ancestor language came from southern Scandinavia; and the 11088: 9926: 9919: 9911: 9772: 5096:. In June 1944, British and American forces invaded France in the 4807:) amounted to a combined total of 18 million. In 1932–1933, under 4237:(1618–1648) crippled the Holy Roman Empire and devastated much of 3347:

presided over Constantinople's first golden age: he established a

2893:

are often attributed to Ancient Greece. The Greek city-state, the

26955: 26693: 26583: 26541: 26429: 26241: 26236: 26165: 25871: 25866: 25631: 25611: 25591: 25559: 25549: 25482: 25477: 25467: 25462: 25035: 24890: 24802: 23357: 23097: 23047: 23007: 22962: 22957: 22947: 22932: 22927: 22922: 22907: 22892: 22887: 22877: 22872: 22867: 22862: 20784:"Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country" 18769: 16129:

Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture

14603:"How long can we expect the present Interglacial period to last?" 13046: 12933: 12748: 12724: 12610: 12490: 12276: 12034: 12004: 11972: 11937: 11640: 11636: 11632: 11525: 11521: 11398: 11176: 11039: 10845: 10522: 10446: 9684: 9610: 9379: 9372: 9364: 8908: 8901: 8893: 8528: 8521: 8513: 8396: 8130: 8101: 8094: 8086: 8056: 8049: 8041: 7959: 7952: 7944: 7922: 7812: 7805: 7797: 7782: 7767: 7760: 7752: 7722: 7715: 7707: 7635: 7575: 7568: 7560: 7416: 7409: 7401: 7365: 7358: 7350: 7276: 7269: 7261: 7239: 7225: 7218: 7210: 7181: 7174: 7166: 7137: 7130: 7122: 7019: 7000: 6771: 6751: 6704: 6692: 6580: 6529: 6405: 6322: 6307: 6085: 5717: 5568: 5413: 5373: 5343: 5299: 5275: 5257: 5189: 5152: 5117: 4944: 4921: 4893: 4780: 4776: 4718: 4694: 4550: 4530: 4467: 4348: 4102: 4083: 3999: 3942: 3857: 3820: 3759: 3439: 3435: 3358:

From the 7th century onwards, as the Byzantines and neighbouring

3317: 3305: 3301: 3273: 3081: 3073: 2704: 2669: 2578: 2501: 2300: 2193: 2062: 2031:

The current division of Eurasia into two continents now reflects

1989: 1977: 1965: 1672: 1640: 1568: 1503: 1414: 1407: 1386: 1363: 1356: 1349: 1333: 1301: 1294: 1280: 1273: 1266: 1001: 909: 735: 559: 259: 20587:

Europe in Crisis: Intellectuals and the European Idea, 1917–1957

18912:

Josef Wasmayer "Wetter- und Meereskunde der Adria" (1976), pp 5.

17688:"Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" 12812:. However, only the population figure includes the entire state. 12518:. However, only the population figure includes the entire state. 12271:). Historically, special examples with overlapping cultures are 5647: 4860:

began the devastating Second World War in Europe by its leader,

4505:. As the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire seemed imminent, the 4062:

and an emerging merchant class. Patrons in Italy, including the

3738:

reached the height of its power during the High Middle Ages. An

3523:

saw the creation of the first Slavic states and the adoption of

3509:

dynasty who had conquered most of Western Europe, was anointed "

2541: 1956:

in 1472, showing the three continents as domains of the sons of

868:, have also abolished internal border and immigration controls. 27461: 26519: 26226: 26213: 25902: 25671: 25364: 25309: 25304: 25055: 23265: 23143: 23117: 23092: 23082: 23062: 23052: 23037: 23032: 23012: 22982: 22952: 22937: 22912: 21192: 21179: 19080:"EU climate chief sees green strings for car scrappage schemes" 18921: 18834: 14247: 12838: 12834: 12805: 12644: 12631: 12627: 12623: 12606: 12577: 12538: 12319:

is by far the most popular sport in Europe. This picture shows

12150: 12136: 12100: 12084: 12064: 12060: 12008: 11992: 11949: 11410: 11172: 11168: 11160: 11156: 10991: 10919: 10869: 10821: 10740: 10692: 10620: 10572: 10442: 10007: 10000: 9992: 9633: 9626: 9618: 9444: 9349: 9335: 9328: 9233: 9226: 9218: 9203: 9048: 9041: 9033: 8967: 8953: 8946: 8938: 8878: 8833: 8818: 8811: 8803: 8762: 8755: 8747: 8725: 8586: 8572: 8565: 8557: 8292: 8285: 8277: 8255: 8160: 8019: 8004: 7997: 7989: 7974: 7863: 7856: 7848: 7692: 7620: 7613: 7605: 7590: 7291: 7151: 7027: 7023: 6775: 6716: 6688: 6649: 6576: 6560: 6548: 6444: 6334: 6129: 6015: 5875: 5448: 5279: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5148: 4905: 4808: 4784: 4714: 4698: 4344: 4245:, France rose to predominance within Europe. The defeat of the 4123: 4063: 4018:

The Renaissance was a period of cultural change originating in

3865: 3840:

In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic

3825: 3735: 3685: 3482: 3407: 3313: 3289: 3281: 3069: 2970: 2906: 2878: 2822: 2716: 2700: 2673: 2582: 2470:, along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains, then following the 2455: 2324: 2251: 2239: 2189: 2148: 2066: 2041: 1679: 1633: 1617: 1589: 1575: 1554: 1538: 1510: 1468: 1459: 1400: 1370: 1232:

Clickable map of Europe, showing one of the most commonly used

1189: 1096:

to refer to the continent. Chinese, for example, uses the word

1062: 913: 614: 567: 472: 462: 433: 428: 413: 19719:

Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today

19681:

Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today

16887:

Spain's Road to Empire: The Making of a World Power, 1492–1763

15154:"When the First Farmers Arrived in Europe, Inequality Evolved" 12158: 11759:

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

6329:

was formed from Baltica and Laurentia; a further joining with

4529:(1821) marked the beginning of the end of Ottoman rule in the 4106:

took the lead in exploring the world. Exploration reached the

3712:, the Church was responsible for education in much of Europe. 2196:, who took the Tanais (the modern Don River) as the boundary. 27312: 27207: 26751: 26049: 26033: 25676: 25281: 25020: 25010: 25005: 24477: 24472: 23367: 23077: 23002: 22972: 21724: 21646: 21498: 21205: 20810:"Europe's Jewish population has dropped 60% in last 50 years" 20742: 20507:"Regional Distribution of Christians: Christianity in Europe" 17267:

The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought

16563:"Epidemics of the Past: Bubonic Plague – Infoplease.com" 15706: 15074: 14700: 14217:"Western historiography and the problem of "Western" history" 14092: 12668: 12514:. The vast majority of its population (80%) lives within its 12164: 12092: 12068: 11933: 11817: 11533: 11406: 11229:

in 2008. It impacted much of the region. In 2010, fears of a

10967: 10943: 10644: 10596: 9188: 9181: 9173: 8483: 8476: 8468: 8351: 8196: 8189: 8181: 7878: 7538: 7379: 6763: 6564: 6556: 6540: 6504: 6358: 5466: 5438: 5398: 4820: 4816: 4710: 4442:, as well as the widespread adoption of the French models of 4047: 3946: 3704:. The primary source of culture in this period came from the 3639: 3513:" by the Pope in 800. This led in 962 to the founding of the 3467: 3383: 3293: 3269: 3123: 3085: 3049: 3021: 2977:. In the course of the 5th century BCE, several of the Greek 2962: 2946: 2930: 2894: 2810: 2774:, descended from populations associated with the Paleolithic 2720: 2657: 2513: 2509: 2331:(where it is closest to the Volga, now joined with it by the 2250:

often figures in the letters of Charlemagne's court scholar,

2235: 2161:

to his three sons; Europe was defined as stretching from the

2058: 1610: 1496: 1428: 1008:

and the poetry devoted to it. An alternative view is that of

979: 962: 950: 487: 452: 438: 423: 20874:"Istanbul one of four anchor megacities of Europe: Research" 20432:

Go MC, Jones AR, Algee-Hewitt B, Dudzik B, Hughes C (2019).

20249: 19717:

Dornbusch, Rudiger; Nölling, Wilhelm P.; Layard, Richard G.

19679:

Dornbusch, Rudiger; Nölling, Wilhelm P.; Layard, Richard G.

19037: 14168:, 1993, ""Culture and Society in the First Europe", pp185ff. 12864:, both of which can be considered part of Eastern Europe or 7044:

List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe

6811:

List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe

6404:

The northern plain contains the old geological continent of

6211: 3742:

in 1054 split the former Roman Empire religiously, with the

3260:". There were numerous invasions and migrations amongst the 26346: 25339: 25334: 25150: 23258: 22179:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

22173: 21266: 20030:"Population trends 1950 – 2100: globally and within Europe" 19106: 19104: 19102: 19100: 16941:

Jesus Never Existed: An Introduction to the Ultimate Heresy

14426: 13970:

The geographical system of Herodotus examined and explained

12562: 12415:

Financial and social rankings of sovereign states in Europe

12104: 12080: 11215: 11164: 10427: 10144: 9834: 9545: 9393: 9292: 8776: 8307: 8211: 7335: 7079: 6728: 6637: 6629: 6552: 6456: 6374: 6298:, both around 2.25 billion years ago, followed by the 5967: 5669: 5378: 5323: 5140: 4849:(1914–1918) cost the country one quarter of its population. 4832: 4618:

reached a peak of slightly above 25% around the year 1913.

4071: 4067: 4022:, and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The rise of a 3587: 3277: 3065: 2767:, were constructed throughout Western and Southern Europe. 2158: 2140: 1961: 1957: 853: 786: 555: 21169: 19790:"Kosovo: Natural resources key to the future, say experts" 17398:

Napoleon Bonaparte and the legacy of the French Revolution

14715:"Bones reveal Neanderthal child was eaten by a giant bird" 13804:

Davidson, Roderic H. (1960). "Where is the Middle East?".

12489:, internationally recognised as being a legal part of the 10445:

with its US$ 185,829 per capita (2018) and the poorest is

6954:; in 1815, the prevalent form of government was still the 6668:

and in the Balkans, with a handful of packs in pockets of

5552:(40 °F) higher than average temperatures in Irkutsk. 5543:

Therefore, the average temperature throughout the year of

5167:

in 1961 were one of the great international crises of the

5042:

drew the United States into the conflict as allies of the

3650:

The period between the year 1000 and 1250 is known as the

3118:, who spent time on the Empire's northern border fighting 21323: 21253: 20609: 20431: 20201:. Migration Information Source. June 2006. Archived from 19560:"Peak GDP (PPP) by the World Bank for the European Union" 19439: 18273:"The Winter War – When the Finns Humiliated the Russians" 16089:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 405. 12975: 12079:

has the highest total city population, it lies partly in

10367:

among its countries. The richer states tend to be in the

6724: 6544: 4474:

and Russia. This balance would remain in place until the

19:

This article is about the continent. For other uses, see

22841: 20644:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

20511:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

19888: 19097: 16469:

Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans

15873:

Eli Heckscher, International Trade, And Economic History

15319:

Democracy: the unfinished journey 508 BCE – 1993 CE

13085:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

13051:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

12932:

are internationally recognised as being a legal part of

12051:

List of European cities by population within city limits

11765:

set up a legal framework for language rights in Europe.

8736: 7390: 6660:, a Norwegian archipelago far north of Scandinavia. The 6612:

and the presence of humans affected the distribution of

6563:

as the Arctic is approached. In the Mediterranean, many

6532:(1%), while the most forested country is Finland (77%). 5139:". The United States and Western Europe established the 4458:, convened after Napoleon's downfall, established a new 2421:

followed Strahlenberg's prescription. To the south, the

2409:

has the boundary follow the Don beyond Kalach as far as

2277:

A New Map of Europe According to the Newest Observations

1247:

states which straddle the border between Europe and Asia

1214:

Boundaries between the continents § Asia and Europe

1056: 25135: 21036: 20958:

Sport, Representation and Evolving Identities in Europe

17825: 16161: 14491: 14321:

Journey through various provinces of the Russian Empire

14119:

The Idea of Europe From Antiquity to the European Union

13319:"Europe: Human Geography | National Geographic Society" 12440:

List of names of European cities in different languages

11878:

denominations. Among Protestants, the most popular are

9404: 7549: 6946:

in 1815. The prevalent form of government in Europe is

6381:. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the 5404:

This description is simplified. Subregions such as the

5147:. Particular hot spots after the Second World War were 5092:

in history, was the last major German offensive on the

4501:

grew more complex ever since the Ottoman defeat in the

2817:, who collapsed suddenly around 1200 BCE, ushering the 1114:), which is an abbreviation of the transliterated name 21657:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 907–953. 20974: 20705:"The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population" 20564:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 110. 19745:

Appendix B: The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

18171:

The Age of Extremes: A history of the world, 1914–1991

15761:

Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova, Venezia

15670:, pp. 249–272. Cambridge University Press. 052136292X. 15647:

Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security

15412:

Early Physics and Astronomy: A Historical Introduction

14429:

Flora Europaea, Volume 1: Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae

14008:

Genesis and the Jewish antiquities of Flavius Josephus

12029:

A large and increasing number of people in Europe are

11445:. In Asia, European-derived populations, specifically 7933: 7250: 7054:

common geographical or political definitions of Europe

5100:, opening a new front against Germany. Berlin finally 3355:

and brought the Christian church under state control.

2715:. It spread from the Balkans along the valleys of the 2707:, probably influenced by earlier farming practices in 2417:, while other 18th- to 19th-century mapmakers such as 1047: 518:"Europe" as defined by the International Monetary Fund 21690: 21001:"Replacement Migration: Is it a solution for Russia?" 20222: 20220: 19743:"Germany (East)", Library of Congress Country Study, 19655:"The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England" 16875:, Volumes 76–77. Society for Nautical Research., 1990 15821: 14010:. Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. pp. 101–102. 13472:"The European union—a federation or a confederation?" 8978: 6679:

Once roaming the great temperate forests of Eurasia,

6443:

The main natural vegetation cover in Europe is mixed

5531:, an ocean current which carries warm water from the 4217:

in 1520 and his followers were condemned in the 1521

4010:(centre), are portrayed as classical scholars of the 3332:

were preserved in the east, in the Byzantine Empire.

1199: 1193: 1181: 945:

princess. One view is that her name derives from the

21517: 20275: 19201:. EFI Euroforest Portal. p. 182. Archived from 17745:"Assassin Gavrilo Princip gets a statue in Sarajevo" 15718: 14454:

Flora Europaea, Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae

13803: 12978:. Certain countries in Europe, such as France, have 12888:, which can be considered part of Eastern Europe or 12370: 8266: 4296:

and ceased to exist at the end of the 18th century.

3802:. Although it would recover Constantinople in 1261, 3554:

emerged in the late 7th and 8th century and adopted

1929:, and the waterways connecting the Black Sea to the 1074: 1065: 876:. The EU is the third-largest economy in the world. 21562:

The Myth of Continents: A Critique of Metageography

20662: 20660: 20637: 20049:

World Population Prospects 2022, Summary of Results

16784: 16168:Duiker, William J.; Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2010). 15828:Duiker, William J.; Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2010). 15668:

The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 500 – c. 700

14478:

Encyclopedia of European and Asian regional geology

13918:, BiblioLife (BiblioBazaar), 1872. (1817.), p. 50, 13436: 13434: 12430:

List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)

12026:, where Tibetan Buddhism is the majority religion. 12022:, which are minority religions, except in Russia's 11763:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

10234:

List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)

8793: 8446: 8030: 7646: 6995:. Among the smaller European organisations are the 6746:. Important animals that live in European seas are 5523:climate zone of the northern hemisphere, where the 4986:, the Germans turned to the Soviets and signed the 3378:region. Over the next centuries Muslim forces took 3104:. The two centuries that followed are known as the 2508:: "In physical, cultural and historical diversity, 1132:means "continent"); a similar Chinese-derived term 824:, and significantly through the realisation of the 641:is affected by warm Atlantic currents, such as the 60:

http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm

22191:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 21586:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 21544:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 20560:Byrnes, Timothy A.; Katzenstein, Peter J. (2006). 20407:"Reference Populations – Geno 2.0 Next Generation" 20217: 19979:CIA population growth rankings, CIA World Factbook 19766:. US Department of State Office of the historian. 19045:"Global and European temperatures — Climate-ADAPT" 17962: 17529: 17478: 17291: 17029:". Seshadri Kannan (2009). APH Publishing. p. 51. 16494:. By James Bartholomew. Telegraph. 7 August. 2004. 16221: 15914: 15507: 14948:In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon 14777:"My work digging up the shelters of our ancestors" 13510: 11225:in 2009 confirmed that the Eurozone had gone into 6337:. Around 190 million years ago, Gondwana and 5563:to the Alpine arc in its northernmost part of the 5266:also grew after the Second World War. In 1949 the 4771:, leading also to the independence of many former 4134:reached Asia westward across the Atlantic and the 4101:. During this forty-year period, two popes—one in 3040:and over the following two centuries it conquered 2135:) in the Caucasus, a convention still followed by 1086:Most major world languages use words derived from 990:) 'eye, face, countenance', hence their composite 675:, as crucial and shared roots. Beginning with the 20610:Nikodemos Anagnostopoulos, Archimandrite (2017). 20589:. New York; Oxford: Berghahn Books. p. 243. 20559: 18208:"Adolf Hitler: Rise of Power, Impact & Death" 13630:. Brill Archive. p. 128. GGKEY:G19ZZ3TSL38. 11862:, with 76.2% of Europeans considering themselves 8641: 8635: 7340: 7037: 4835:executed 681,692 people; millions of people were 4387:The national boundaries within Europe set by the 4292:) and subsequent conflicts; the state itself was 3485:raids and division of the Frankish Empire at the 2797:of Ukraine and southern Russia in the context of 27564: 20657: 19822:. EUbusiness.com. 8 January 2009. Archived from 19283: 16659:The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity 16167: 15827: 15559:. Columbia University Press. pp. 273, 327. 15495:Picts, Gaels, and Scots: Early Historic Scotland 15070: 15068: 13518:"Greek goddess Europa adorns new five-euro note" 13431: 13083:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 11912:became the official religion of the Roman Empire 11488:List of European languages by number of speakers 9781:autonomous territories of the Kingdom of Denmark 8883: 8730: 8401: 7384: 4268:(1385) east-central Europe was dominated by the 4138:in a Spanish expedition, resulting in the first 4110:in the Atlantic and the southern tip of Africa. 3398:. Between 711 and 720, most of the lands of the 2342:produced a map showing the northern part of the 2226:A cultural definition of Europe as the lands of 137:10,180,000 km (3,930,000 sq mi) ( 21487:. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society. 21485:National Geographic Visual History of the World 20832: 20830: 20669:"5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe" 20584: 19990:"World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision" 18602:, Council of Europe. Retrieved 27 October 2016. 17792:"The Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences" 16224:New Glory: Expanding America's Global Supremacy 16001:City of Man's Desire: A Novel of Constantinople 14512: 14250:Das Nord-und Ostliche Theil von Europa und Asia 14109: 14034:, vol. 1. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1982, fragm. 47a. 13541: 13539: 12980:territories lying geographically outside Europe 12908:, an autonomous constituent country within the 12044: 11374:. In 2005, the EU had an overall net gain from 11320:as a result of emigration and low birth rates. 10238:List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (PPP) 9398: 8120: 8076: 7543: 6833: 5010:for the Red Army. The British hoped to land at 4513:stood to benefit from the decline, whereas the 4197:The Church's power was further weakened by the 2640:, which lived roughly 1.8 million years ago in 2180:and surviving into modern usage is that of the 2157:described the continents as the lands given by 1166: 1148: 1133: 1052:meaning 'to go down, set' (said of the sun) or 996:would mean 'wide-gazing' or 'broad of aspect'. 53:http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Europe 22803: 22149:Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) 17334:Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution 15771: 15769: 15513: 15039: 14508: 14506: 14121:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–61. 13545: 12892:, unilaterally declared its independence from 12868:unilaterally declared their independence from 9526:Within the above-mentioned states are several 8928: 8547: 7927: 7787: 7595: 7244: 7156: 4621: 4616:share of the world population living in Europe 4494:as nation-states from smaller principalities. 4284:had ended with the devastation brought by the 4185:in the centuries following their partition by 3328:would later refer to this as the "Dark Ages". 1173: 1155: 1140: 1127: 1115: 1097: 26018: 25262: 24047: 24033: 23467: 22827: 22372:Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) 21824: 21536: 20499: 19940: 19820:"EU data confirms eurozone's first recession" 19402:. Pr-inside.com. 10 June 2010. Archived from 19339:Democracy Report 2024, Varieties of Democracy 18443:. Oxford University Press. 2000. p. 13. 15906: 15811: 15591: 15065: 14345:Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 14105: 14103: 13424: 13422: 13072: 13070: 13068: 12841:on 17 February 2008. Its sovereign status is 11257:List of European countries by life expectancy 11214:, replacing their national currencies by the 9489: 9354: 9315: 9309: 9253: 9208: 9163: 9073: 9067: 9023: 8972: 8787: 8503: 8312: 8216: 8171: 7838: 7832: 7652: 7498: 7492: 7200: 6924: 6257:European Union commissioner of climate action 5163:in 1948 and 1949 and the construction of the 4034:libraries, often translated from Arabic into 4026:was accompanied by the recovery of forgotten 3770:. In Europe itself, the Church organised the 3546:and causing a series of armed conflicts with 3000:Animation showing the growth and division of 1121: 1109: 1103: 609:). Politically, Europe is divided into about 23193:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark 21583:An Historical Geography of Europe, 1500–1840 20827: 20114:UN predicts huge migration to rich countries 19692: 19590: 19588: 19586: 19584: 19582: 19580: 19578: 19576: 19520:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 18163: 18161: 17663:The Atlantic: Can the US afford immigration? 17260: 16684:The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy 16279:any Western help was submission in Florence. 15949: 15863: 14832:Fu, Qiaomei; et al. (23 October 2014). 14182:(reprint ed.). CUA Press. p. 108. 13887:. Central Intelligence Agency. 7 August 2024 13536: 13336: 12837:unilaterally declared its independence from 12771:can be considered part of Eastern Europe or 12727:can be considered part of Eastern Europe or 12014:Other religions practiced in Europe include 10251: 9303: 9297: 9118: 8838: 8781: 8591: 8458: 8452: 8356: 8260: 7979: 7883: 7742: 7448: 7442: 7296: 6620:species have been hunted to extinction. The 6535:In temperate Europe, mixed forest with both 5028:bombing offensive against the United Kingdom 4748:Map depicting the military alliances of the 4160:England tried unsuccessfully to invade Spain 3605: 3410:rule—save for small areas in the northwest ( 20992: 20955: 20496:, Council of Europe. Retrieved 30 July 2015 19637: 18991: 18878: 18876: 18718: 18709: 18700: 18550: 18339: 18327: 18315: 18303: 18291: 18230: 18188: 18130:"Appeals to Americans to pray for Serbians" 17869:. Cambridge University Press. p. 167. 17844: 17810: 17772: 17763: 17461: 17452: 17443: 17355: 17312: 16994:. The Library of Iberian resources online. 16966: 16893: 16840:Europe and England in the sixteenth century 16814: 16805: 16769: 16745: 16701: 16617: 16615: 16546: 16290: 16252: 16213: 16204: 16119: 16033: 15796: 15787: 15778: 15766: 15610:, Vol. 4, No. 1. (January 1943), pp. 69–74. 15421: 15376: 15273: 15271: 15269: 15051:. Vol. 4. Springer. pp. 157–184. 14503: 14369:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 14295: 14211: 14177: 13855:Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopaedia 2007 13578: 12845:. Its population is July 2009 CIA estimate. 12214:Ständiger Ausschuss für geographische Namen 11890:. Smaller Protestant denominations include 9495: 8686: 8165: 8024: 7697: 7640: 7436: 6958:. Europe's remaining eleven monarchies are 5200:in 1955 as the flag for the whole of Europe 4978:With tensions mounting between Germany and 4815:which caused millions of deaths; surviving 2115:, in reference to the western shore of the 1061:'evening, west', which is at the origin of 558:to the east. Europe shares the landmass of 26025: 26011: 25269: 25255: 24040: 24026: 23474: 23460: 22834: 22820: 22056:Sovereign states and dependent territories 21831: 21817: 21662:The Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online 21558: 20998: 20745:American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 20487:Language facts – European day of languages 20316:"The Columbian Mosaic in Colonial America" 20199:"Europe: Population and Migration in 2005" 19548:World Bank's GDP (Nominal) Data for Russia 19496:World Economic Outlook Database–April 2017 18992:Kayser-Bril, Nicolas (24 September 2018). 18513: 18381:Niewyk, Donald L. and Nicosia, Francis R. 17593:Historical survey – Ways of ending slavery 16677: 16385:. Alamo Community Colleges. Archived from 16076: 15991: 15962:. Christian History Project. p. 136. 15691: 15682: 15673: 15629: 15514:Williams, Stephen; Friell, Gerard (2005). 15478: 15310: 14951:. Princeton University Press. p. 58. 14712: 14497: 14407: 14178:Dawson, Christopher; Olsen, Glenn (1961). 14100: 13845: 13843: 13775: 13617: 13419: 13371: 13065: 12655:are geographically located outside Europe. 12107:each having over three million residents. 10248:GDP (PPP) per capita of European countries 6931: 6917: 6302:shield, the three together leading to the 5575:the 64th, 60th, 55th, 50th, 45th and 40th 5525:prevailing wind direction is from the west 4908:, adopting the Western alphabet and state 4358: 1224: 120: 110: 22174:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 21610:web resources provided by GovPubs at the 20982:"Sustainable Prosperity – Made in Europe" 20782:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 20585:Hewitson, Mark; D’Auria, Matthew (2012). 20366: 20089:"White Europeans: An endangered species?" 19919: 19573: 19537:World Bank's GDP (Nominal) Data for Italy 18959: 18158: 17679: 17604: 17527: 17094:The Partitions of Poland 1772, 1793, 1795 16043:Magill's Guide to Military History: A-Cor 15763:, Newton & Compton editori, Roma 1989 15465: 15463: 15388:A History of Greek Mathematics, Volume II 15335: 15129: 15095: 14873: 14800: 14759: 14548: 14431:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14303:"Boundary of Europe and Asia along Urals" 13681: 13679: 12613:archipelagos, both in the North Atlantic. 12327:before the 2023 renovation works started. 11894:as well as denominations centered in the 11163:, because it has large reserves of lead, 9811:, are also not included for this reason. 7048:Area and population of European countries 5372:Europe makes up the western fifth of the 2073: 2003:The term "continent" usually implies the 912:) – flows through the fertile valleys of 88:Learn how and when to remove this message 23415:which has sovereignty over Vatican City. 22139:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 21612:University of Colorado Boulder Libraries 21501:The Earth and Its Peoples, Brief Edition 20807: 20698: 20696: 20638:Pew Research Center (19 December 2011). 20444:(4). University of Florida Press: 1–11. 20314:Axtell, James (September–October 1991). 20040: 19640:Industrialism: A Dictionary of Sociology 19400:"Global Wealth Stages a Strong Comeback" 18873: 18167: 17862: 17685: 17289: 17087: 16636:Continuum International Publishing Group 16612: 16284: 16114:centuries, but it never fully recovered. 15912: 15356:A History of Greek Mathematics, Volume I 15266: 14248:Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg (1730). 14005: 13782:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 451. 13688:"Kadmos and Europa, and the Phoenicians" 13226: 13222: 13220: 13218: 13216: 13214: 13212: 13210: 13041: 13039: 13037: 12405:European Union as a potential superpower 12311: 12207: 11474: 11372:International Organisation for Migration 11361: 11264: 11253:List of European countries by population 11150: 11087: 11075: 10434:. This includes (ranks according to the 10241: 6674: 6596: 6485: 6423: 6281: 6191: 5581: 5433: 5363: 5260:were now again in the centre of Europe. 5188: 5052: 4996:European Theatre of the Second World War 4852: 4841: 4743: 4661: 4559: 4537:in 1912–1913. Formal recognition of the 4382: 4177: 4150:, Asia, Africa and Oceania. France, the 3988: 3819: 3714: 3629: 3598:as the religion of state. Further east, 3477: 3422:. This territory, under the Arabic name 3370:. In the mid-7th century, following the 2995: 2868: 2592: 2572: 2540: 2282: 2271: 2088: 1943: 1935: 891: 115: 41:lists the same citations more than once. 25276: 21912:Crisis situations and unrest since 2000 21677:Borders in Europe 3000BC to the present 21559:Lewis, Martin W.; Wigen, Kären (1997). 21520:Catholicism & Orthodox Christianity 21346: 21297:"Europe & Central Asia | Data" 21132:British Foreign and Commonwealth Office 20666: 19855: 19737: 19732:Power and Policy in Liberal Democracies 19371: 19332: 18270: 17960: 17921: 17370: 16581: 16383:"Khanate of the Golden Horde (Kipchak)" 16333:. University of Toronto. Archived from 15955: 15921:(Revised ed.). CUA Press. p. 15869: 15469: 15427: 15170: 14774: 13840: 13797: 13591:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 52–. 13584: 13442:"History of the European Union 1945–59" 13387:Ancient Greece: Birthplace of Democracy 12110:When considering the commuter belts or 11595:A distinct non-Indo-European family of 11294:having children below replacement level 11288:from other continents than vice versa. 9532:limited to no international recognition 5270:was founded, following a speech by Sir 4947:became a part of Germany following the 4221:, which divided German princes between 4158:failed to invade England. A year later 3794:, and was weakened considerably by the 2173:, to the Don, separating it from Asia. 629:of about 745 million (about 10% of the 514: 506: 498: 27565: 23481: 22387:European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 21579: 20999:Vishnevsky, Anatoly (15 August 2000). 20313: 19901:from the original on 24 September 2015 19252: 19077: 18245: 18200: 18146:from the original on 16 September 2018 18074:from the original on 16 September 2018 17830:. Yale University Press. p. 110. 17476: 17327: 17225: 16587: 16219: 16125: 16039: 15815: 15644: 15595: 15460: 15211:. University of Oxford. Archived from 15047:, eds. (2001). "European Megalithic". 14983: 14713:Strickland, Ashley (10 October 2018). 14269:. Oxford University Press. p. 8. 14262: 13685: 13676: 13664:from the original on 17 September 2017 13623: 13383: 13344:National Geographic Atlas of the World 12275:with Latin (Romance) and Germanic, or 11743:that is official within the EU, while 11459:minority population in the Philippines 11122:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 10449:with its US$ 3,659 per capita (2019). 9534:. None of them are members of the UN: 4827:. Stalin was also responsible for the 4130:in 1498. The Portuguese-born explorer 3960: 3677:a leading role in the European scene. 2848: 2782:who migrated from Anatolia during the 2604:(Late Neolithic from 3000 to 2000 BCE) 2361:, following the Volga north until the 1004:of Earth herself in the reconstructed 570:. Europe is commonly considered to be 26006: 25250: 24021: 23455: 22815: 22802: 21812: 21580:Pounds, Norman John Greville (1979). 21136:"Country profiles ' Europe ' Georgia" 20808:Sherwood, Harriet (25 October 2020). 20702: 20693: 20348: 19858:"Five Threats to the Common Currency" 19652: 19351:"Member States of the European Union" 18827: 18465: 18419:from the original on 22 December 2019 18279:from the original on 19 December 2021 17942:from the original on 5 September 2015 17395: 17045: 16938: 16860:Tudor Cornwall: portrait of a society 16760: 16736: 16600:from the original on 12 February 2014 16082: 15997: 15645:Hunter, Shireen; et al. (2004). 15552: 15472:The Penguin Atlas of Medieval History 15434:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 1–11. 15382: 15350: 15344: 15233: 14944: 14938: 14901: 14825: 14451: 14389:from the original on 18 February 2018 13905:Falconer, William; Falconer, Thomas. 13207: 13161:. International Monetary Fund. 2022. 13139:from the original on 25 February 2017 13135:. International Monetary Fund. 2022. 13109:. International Monetary Fund. 2022. 13034: 12783:, two regions that have declared and 11395:large populations of European descent 11116:states came under the control of the 6815:International organisations in Europe 6547:. In the north, the taiga is a mixed 6350:period about five million years ago. 5332:June 2016 referendum on EU membership 5106:60 million dead across the world 4839:to remote areas of the Soviet Union. 4066:family of Florentine bankers and the 2805:began c. 3200 BCE in Greece with the 2504:into Asia and Europe as a residue of 2257: 832:political entity that lies between a 765:and eventually the wider world. Both 21731: 21334:from the original on 26 January 2012 20956:Dine, Philip; Crosson, Seán (2010). 20667:Hackett, Conrad (29 November 2017). 20614:. Taylor & Francis. p. 16. 20383:Russians left behind in Central Asia 20132:Christoph Pan, Beate Sibylle Pfeil, 19856:Schultz, Stefan (11 February 2010). 19661:from the original on 2 November 2015 19436:"The CIA World Factbook – GDP (PPP)" 17996:"Fourth of Serbia's Population Dead" 17993: 17969:. Harvard University Press. p. 17556: 17424: 17159: 17097:. New York: Taylor & Routledge. 16569:from the original on 21 October 2008 16311:from the original on 24 October 2007 15316: 15277: 14047:, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 13732:from the original on 1 November 2021 13566:from the original on 22 January 2021 13253: 13165:from the original on 11 January 2020 13113:from the original on 22 January 2021 12653:politically integral parts of France 12580:can be considered part of Europe or 12435:List of European television stations 11782:Religion in Europe according to the 6785:, which has also been signed by the 6739:butterfly, add to the biodiversity. 6526:smallest percentage of forested area 5587:Köppen-Geiger climate classification 4924:developed throughout Europe placing 4486:; 1871 saw the unifications of both 4339:of the 16th and 17th centuries were 3864:. The invaders, who became known as 3177: 3166:in 476 CE; the closure of the pagan 2608:During the 2.5 million years of the 2020:draining into the upper part of the 1033:There have been attempts to connect 25: 22253:European Union Customs Union (EUCU) 22236:European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) 21838: 21686:Online history of Europe in 21 maps 21017:from the original on 29 August 2017 20854:from the original on 1 October 2017 20681:from the original on 17 August 2018 20549:from the original on 1 August 2019. 20464:from the original on 7 January 2021 19476:from the original on 2 October 2019 19372:Fineman, Josh (15 September 2009). 19255:"European bison on 'genetic brink'" 19176:from the original on 6 October 2008 19150:from the original on 11 August 2019 19146:. University of Southampton. 1967. 18842:from the original on 22 August 2016 18409:"Leaders mourn Soviet wartime dead" 18384:The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust 18248:The Origins of the Second World War 18218:from the original on 3 October 2018 17605:Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1942). 17528:Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1988). 17373:The Penguin Atlas of Modern History 17294:The Philosophy of the Enlightenment 17142:". Oxford University Press. p. 13. 16492:Poor studies will always be with us 14993:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology 14166:The Civilization of the Middle Ages 12341: 12295:and the European Capital of Sport. 11920:a prominent role in the development 11417:countries also have a considerable 11053: 9783:(other than Denmark proper), three 5441:of Europe and surrounding regions: 4965:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 4676:Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria 4400:"Old System" of alliances in Europe 4253:in 1683 marked the historic end of 3889:. The state was consolidated under 3142:in 313 CE after three centuries of 2648:to have been discovered in Europe. 2205:culture that developed in its place 13: 22382:Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC) 22159:European Political Community (EPC) 21565:. University of California Press. 21219:European Civil Aviation Conference 20884:from the original on 19 March 2022 20703:Lipka, Michael (9 February 2015). 20517:from the original on 1 August 2013 20012:"2021 World Population Data Sheet" 19870:from the original on 14 April 2010 19770:from the original on 14 April 2015 18745:from the original on 14 March 2020 18688:from the original on 12 March 2022 18447:from the original on 23 April 2022 18110:from the original on 22 April 2021 18042:from the original on 15 March 2020 17965:Russia and the Russians: a history 17725:World Population Growth, 1950–2050 17180:from the original on 19 March 2022 17132:Islam And The Abolition Of Slavery 16998:from the original on 27 March 2017 15719:Brown, Anatolios & Palmer 2009 15298:from the original on 28 April 2022 15254:from the original on 20 March 2022 15237:An Introduction to Urban Geography 14965:from the original on 1 August 2020 14831: 14383:"Do we live in Europe or in Asia?" 14283:from the original on 1 August 2020 14143:from the original on 23 March 2022 13634:from the original on 20 March 2022 13605:from the original on 20 March 2022 13484:from the original on 19 March 2022 13452:from the original on 23 April 2022 13311: 13299:from the original on 30 March 2019 13241:from the original on 23 March 2018 13012:"Largest Countries In Europe 2020" 11858:The largest religion in Europe is 11282:there are fewer births than deaths 6829: 6624:was extinct before the end of the 5114:lost around 27 million people 4233:in Europe for over a century. The 2793:who expanded into Europe from the 2497:in use in some 20th-century maps. 2184:used by Roman-era authors such as 1220:List of transcontinental countries 663:, and together commonly reference 14: 27589: 25231:Western European and Others Group 21601: 21503:. Vol. 1. Cengage Learning. 20914:from the original on 12 June 2018 20263:from the original on 21 June 2022 20091:. Yale Daily News. Archived from 19653:Kreis, Steven (11 October 2006). 18890:. World Book, Inc. Archived from 18809:from the original on 7 March 2022 18777:from the original on 5 April 2022 18478:from the original on 8 March 2022 18359:Europe honours war dead on VE Day 18271:Massari, Ivano (18 August 2015). 17883:from the original on 17 June 2020 17751:from the original on 10 July 2014 17620:Modernisation – Population Change 17207:from the original on 23 July 2013 17198: 17111:from the original on 30 July 2022 17069:from the original on 30 July 2022 16992:"The Seventeenth-Century Decline" 16884: 16294:The course of the Russian history 16174:. Cengage Learning. p. 386. 15834:. Cengage Learning. p. 330. 15741:Storia delle Repubbliche marinare 15448:from the original on 23 June 2022 15209:"Periods – School of Archaeology" 15171:Gibbons, Ann (21 February 2017). 14613:from the original on 26 July 2022 14229:from the original on 13 June 2022 13945:from the original on 15 July 2014 13908:Dissertation on St. Paul's Voyage 13546:M. L. West; West, Morris (2007). 13404:from the original on 27 July 2022 13047:"World Population Prospects 2022" 9799:with devolved powers and the two 6507:of Scandinavia and Russia, mixed 6333:then leading to the formation of 6222:, this could happen before 2050. 6178: 5296:European Coal and Steel Community 5065:in 1945; seated (from the left): 4819:were persecuted and many sent to 4721:, and the United States) and the 3696:in England led to the writing of 2040:divided entirely by water, while 864:. A large bloc of countries, the 27533: 27532: 26865:West South Central United States 25981: 25980: 25958: 25476: 25461: 25446: 25431: 25393: 25378: 25363: 25348: 25333: 25318: 25303: 23433: 23422: 23421: 23116: 21867:Bibliography of European history 21791: 21774: 21757: 21740: 21712: 21700: 21445: 21420: 21316: 21103: 21029: 20949: 20926: 20896: 20866: 20801: 20775: 20736: 20722: 20631: 20603: 20578: 20553: 20529: 20480: 20425: 20399: 20375: 20342: 20307: 20243: 20191: 20150: 20126: 20107: 20081: 20063: 20022: 20004: 19982: 19963: 19913: 19882: 19849: 19830: 19812: 19800:from the original on 7 July 2011 19782: 19756: 19724: 19711: 19686: 19673: 19646: 19631: 19609: 19552: 19541: 19530: 19512: 19488: 19458: 19428: 19418: 19392: 19365: 19343: 19320: 19306:10.1046/j.1365-2311.1997.00082.x 19277: 19265:from the original on 6 July 2022 19246: 19220: 19188: 19162: 19136: 19071: 19062: 19011: 18985: 18976: 18915: 18906: 18854: 18821: 18789: 18757: 18727: 18668: 18659: 18650: 18641: 18632: 18623: 18614: 18605: 18586: 18577: 18568: 18559: 18507: 18490: 18459: 18431: 18401: 18375: 18351: 18264: 18239: 18122: 18086: 18054: 18016: 17987: 17954: 17928:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 373. 17915: 17903:Legacy of famine divides Ukraine 17895: 17856: 17819: 17794:. James Atkinson. Archived from 17784: 17737: 17656: 17636: 17613: 17598: 17575: 17550: 17521: 17499: 17470: 17418: 17389: 17364: 17321: 17283: 17254: 17219: 17192: 17153: 17123: 17081: 17039: 17010: 16984: 16975: 16954:History of Europe – Demographics 16947: 16932: 16920:from the original on 31 May 2022 16902: 16878: 16865: 16852: 16832: 16823: 16778: 16754: 16730: 16710: 16671: 16648: 16555: 16516: 16497: 16485: 16461: 16444:France in the Sixteenth Century. 16436: 16417: 16401: 16375: 16349: 16323: 16268:from the original on 11 May 2013 16188:from the original on 11 May 2013 16146:from the original on 11 May 2013 16103:from the original on 11 May 2013 16060:from the original on 11 May 2013 16018:from the original on 11 May 2013 15976:from the original on 11 May 2013 15890:from the original on 11 May 2013 15848:from the original on 11 May 2013 15805: 15753: 15743:, Odoya, Bologna 2010, 240 pp., 15733: 15724: 15655:of the Iranian Sassanian Empire. 15573:from the original on 21 May 2022 15534:from the original on 30 May 2022 15193:. British Museum. Archived from 14751:. 21 August 2014. Archived from 14725:from the original on 7 July 2022 14687:The million year old tooth from 14579:. 6 January 2017. Archived from 14222:. United Nations. pp. 5–6. 13346:(7th ed.). Washington, DC: 13323:education.nationalgeographic.org 13022:from the original on 8 July 2022 12373: 12304:This section is an excerpt from 12171: 12157: 12143: 12129: 12112:metropolitan areas within Europe 11977:history of Jewish life in Europe 11323: 11032: 11008: 10984: 10960: 10936: 10912: 10887: 10862: 10838: 10814: 10788: 10733: 10709: 10685: 10661: 10637: 10613: 10589: 10565: 10540: 10515: 10489: 10255: 10194: 10159: 10151: 10119: 10111: 10079: 10071: 10039: 10031: 9999: 9991: 9959: 9951: 9918: 9910: 9878: 9741: 9733: 9704: 9696: 9662: 9654: 9625: 9617: 9588: 9580: 9462: 9454: 9422: 9414: 9371: 9363: 9327: 9270: 9262: 9225: 9217: 9180: 9172: 9135: 9127: 9090: 9082: 9040: 9032: 8996: 8988: 8945: 8937: 8900: 8892: 8855: 8847: 8810: 8802: 8754: 8746: 8703: 8695: 8658: 8650: 8608: 8600: 8564: 8556: 8520: 8512: 8475: 8467: 8418: 8410: 8373: 8365: 8329: 8321: 8284: 8276: 8233: 8225: 8188: 8180: 8137: 8129: 8093: 8085: 8048: 8040: 7996: 7988: 7951: 7943: 7900: 7892: 7855: 7847: 7804: 7796: 7759: 7751: 7714: 7706: 7669: 7661: 7612: 7604: 7567: 7559: 7515: 7507: 7465: 7457: 7408: 7400: 7357: 7349: 7313: 7305: 7268: 7260: 7217: 7209: 7173: 7165: 7129: 7121: 6789:as well as non-European states. 6683:now live in nature preserves in 6184:This section is an excerpt from 4967:, controlled by Germany and the 4002:(1511): Contemporaries, such as 3852:, caused a massive migration of 3220: 3206: 3164:fall of the Western Roman Empire 2577:Paleolithic cave paintings from 2084: 2080:Boundary between Europe and Asia 1260: 975: 677:fall of the Western Roman Empire 215: 214: 30: 27080:Latin America and the Caribbean 26946:Latin America and the Caribbean 25804:Possible future supercontinents 22534:Social (and financial) rankings 22336:Financial (and social) rankings 22246:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly 21322: 20960:. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 2. 20562:Religion in an Expanding Europe 19376:. Bloomberg.com. Archived from 19326:not counting the microstate of 19172:. Save America's Forest Funds. 17727:. Population Reference Bureau. 17055:. Cambridge: University Press. 15876:. MIT Press. pp. 178–179. 15660: 15638: 15613: 15608:Journal of the History of Ideas 15601: 15585: 15546: 15487: 15404: 15284:. A&C Black. pp. 7–9. 15227: 15201: 15183: 15164: 15146: 15033: 15013: 14977: 14890: 14768: 14737: 14706: 14680: 14625: 14607:U.S. Department of the Interior 14595: 14565: 14470: 14445: 14420: 14401: 14375: 14357: 14326: 14313: 14256: 14241: 14205: 14196: 14171: 14155: 14115:"Some Europes in Their History" 14069: 14037: 14024: 13999: 13987: 13978: 13957: 13931: 13899: 13873: 13769: 13744: 13646: 13496: 13464: 13377: 13365: 13285: 13273:from the original on 3 May 2018 13261:"Demographia World Urban Areas" 12691:is the official capital, while 11240: 10432:national economies in GDP (PPP) 9797:countries of the United Kingdom 8642: 8636: 7115:Name(s) in official language(s) 6950:, in most cases in the form of 6604:of Europe and bordering regions 4462:in Europe centred on the five " 4201:in 1517 when German theologian 4054:, under the joint patronage of 3663:Renaissance of the 12th century 3426:, became part of the expanding 2821:. Iron Age colonisation by the 2176:The convention received by the 2107:as a geographic term is in the 811:dissolution of the Soviet Union 22154:Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) 19693:Emadi-Coffin, Barbara (2002). 19442:. 15 July 2008. Archived from 19253:Walker, Matt (4 August 2009). 19078:Abnett, Kate (21 April 2020). 18735:"UK leaves the European Union" 17925:A companion to Russian history 17912:". BBC News. 24 November 2006. 17532:A shortened history of England 17298:. Princeton University Press. 17269:. Cambridge University Press. 15624:The Medieval World 300 to 1300 14476:E.M. Moores, R.W. Fairbridge, 14452:Tutin, Thomas Gaskell (1993). 13177: 13151: 13125: 13099: 13004: 12753:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic 11419:population of European origins 11159:'s main economical sources is 10387:are still reemerging from the 9801:Autonomous Regions of Portugal 9074: 9068: 7499: 7341: 7038:List of states and territories 7016:democratic countries in Europe 6216:consequences of climate change 6214:to prevent the most dangerous 6079: 5987: 5895: 5803: 5711: 5555:The large water masses of the 4916:, brought about the worldwide 4541:independent principalities of 4282:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 4227:Religious fighting and warfare 4122:opened the ocean route to the 3796:sack of Constantinople in 1204 3432:second siege of Constantinople 2985:advance in Europe through the 2612:, numerous cold phases called 1110: 1104: 1: 23377:country of the United Kingdom 22377:Eurasian Customs Union (EACU) 20753:American Economic Association 20368:10.1080/21533369.2001.9668313 20355:Journal for Maritime Research 17994:Loti, Pierre (30 June 1918). 17961:Hosking, Geoffrey A. (2001). 17747:. Prague Post. 28 June 2014. 17516:Ottoman Empire – 19th century 17467:National Geographic, 371–373. 17129:W.G. Clarence-Smith (2006). " 16899:National Geographic, 256–257. 16838:Morris, Terence Alan (1998). 16004:. Go-Bos Press. p. 424. 15679:National Geographic, 143–145. 15556:A History of Greek Literature 15517:Theodosius: The Empire at Bay 13549:Indo-European Poetry and Myth 13227:Analysis (19 December 2011). 13133:"GDP Nominal, current prices" 12997: 12289:European Region of Gastronomy 11120:and thus were members of the 11059:Industrial growth (1760–1945) 6991:and 20 of the monetary union 6699:Other carnivores include the 6310:) which became a part of the 5088:, which involved the largest 4791:, as new European countries. 4658:History of the European Union 4503:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 4255:Ottoman expansion into Europe 4187:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 4140:circumnavigation of the globe 3586:expanded from its capital in 3529: 2901:instituted the world's first 2586: 2530: 2488:adopted a boundary along the 2426: 2413:before cutting north towards 2355:Philip Johan von Strahlenberg 1207: 801:. This divide ended with the 683:of Europe in the wake of the 72:to identify unique citations. 26547:Middle East and North Africa 26252:Middle East and North Africa 25582:Other prehistoric continents 22231:European Economic Area (EEA) 21370:for statistical convenience 21328:"Inland fisheries of Europe" 21053:for statistical convenience 20838:"The World's Cities in 2016" 19509:. Accessed on 18 April 2017. 18828:Cuper, Simon (23 May 2014). 17019:Food, Famine And Fertilisers 16785:John Morris Roberts (1997). 16291:Klyuchevsky, Vasily (1987). 16264:. Rockford Institute. 2005. 14924:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.009 14513:Posth; Yu; Ghalichi (2023). 14412:(in Russian). Archived from 14305:(in Russian). Archived from 14127:10.1017/CBO9780511496813.003 14117:. In Pagden, Anthony (ed.). 14006:Franxman, Thomas W. (1979). 13972:, Volume 1, Rivington 1830, 13229:"Global religious landscape" 12510:spanning Eastern Europe and 12045:Major cities and urban areas 11852: Other religions (0.1%) 11761:and the Council of Europe's 11464: 11347: 11272:in and around Europe in 2021 11147:Reunification (1991–present) 11127:The states which retained a 11114:Central and Eastern European 10420:largest single economic area 10389:collapse of the Soviet Union 9789:British Overseas Territories 6672:(Scandinavia, Spain, etc.). 6278:Geological history of Europe 5353: 4756:Russia was plunged into the 4670:throughout the world in 1914 4142:, completed by the Spaniard 3374:, Islam penetrated into the 2546:Last Glacial Maximum refugia 2500:Some view the separation of 2103:The first recorded usage of 1088: 1057: 1048: 1035: 1014: 1006:Proto-Indo-European religion 992: 986: 969: 957: 937: 840:and is based on a system of 738:, and the majority of Asia. 190:$ 24.02 trillion (2022 est; 177:$ 33.62 trillion (2022 est; 7: 22103:International organisations 21930:Russian invasion of Ukraine 21632:National Geographic Society 21540:; Morisson, Cécile (2007). 21481:National Geographic Society 21432:Oxford Learner's Dictionary 21417:also place Georgia in Asia. 21100:also place Georgia in Asia. 20259:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 20147:, English translation 2004. 20123:. Telegraph. 15 March 2007. 20034:European Environment Agency 19507:International Monetary Fund 19049:climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu 18498:Refugees: Save Us! Save Us! 18012:– via Newspapers.com. 17485:. Oxford University Press. 17228:Political Science Quarterly 17166:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 18. 16171:The Essential World History 16126:Frucht, Richard C. (2004). 15831:The Essential World History 15321:. Oxford University Press. 14180:Crisis in Western Education 13763:Online Etymology Dictionary 13624:Astour, Michael C. (1967). 13552:. OUP Oxford. p. 185. 13295:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 12695:is the administrative seat. 12366: 12285:European Capital of Culture 11999:in Europe, followed by the 11768: 11453:and some parts of Northern 9530:independent countries with 9405: 8979: 8737: 8267: 8031: 7934: 7647: 7550: 7391: 7251: 6794: 6286:Surficial geology of Europe 5306:, which in 1993 became the 5292:European Economic Community 4943:in 1935 and 1936. In 1938, 4622:20th century to the present 4225:and Roman Catholic faiths. 3700:and the establishment of a 3550:. Further south, the first 3254:decline of the Roman Empire 2981:would ultimately check the 2761:Megalithic Temples of Malta 2755:. During this period giant 2407:Russian Academy of Sciences 2353:Four years later, in 1725, 1200: 1194: 1182: 1167: 1149: 1134: 1128: 1116: 1098: 1075: 1066: 896:Reconstruction of an early 734:, almost all of Africa and 637:after Asia and Africa. The 10: 27594: 26840:Northeastern United States 23225:British Overseas Territory 22843:Countries and dependencies 22804:Articles related to Europe 22494:Electricity use per capita 22001:Largest metropolitan areas 21474: 21167:World Tourism Organization 21114:"47 countries, one Europe" 20326:(5): 12–18. Archived from 20159:Word migration report 2022 19924:. AOL News. Archived from 19846:. Telegraph. 8 March 2009. 19642:. Oxford University Press. 18870:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 18035:. Washington. p. 13. 16963:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 16588:Revill, Jo (16 May 2004). 16513:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 15901:(Queller and Madden 1997). 15649:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 3. 15520:. Routledge. p. 105. 15497:. Batsford, London, 2004. 15416:Cambridge University Press 15414:. 2nd edition. Cambridge: 15049:Encyclopedia of Prehistory 14904:Journal of Human Evolution 14802:10.1038/d41586-022-01593-3 14541:10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0 14353:Dublin University Magazine 14202:Noted by Cantor, 1993:181. 14093: 14045:Posidonius: The commentary 13968:4.38. C.f. James Rennell, 12985: 12956: 12943: 12915: 12899: 12879: 12848: 12828: 12815: 12799: 12762: 12734: 12718: 12698: 12685:Kingdom of the Netherlands 12658: 12637: 12616: 12595: 12568: 12521: 12500: 12477: 12445:List of villages in Europe 12303: 12197: 12191: 12187: 12048: 11846: Folk religion (0.1%) 11784:Global Religious Landscape 11772: 11707:) are spoken primarily in 11485: 11468: 11413:, while most of the other 11351: 11333: 11327: 11318:Central and Eastern Europe 11250: 11244: 11030: 11006: 10982: 10958: 10934: 10910: 10884: 10860: 10836: 10812: 10784: 10731: 10707: 10683: 10659: 10635: 10611: 10587: 10563: 10537: 10513: 10485: 10422:in the world. Nineteen EU 10379:, while most economies of 10308: $ 20,000 – $ 30,000 10296: $ 30,000 – $ 40,000 10286: $ 40,000 – $ 50,000 10274: $ 50,000 – $ 60,000 10227: 10223: 7041: 6808: 6798: 6731:and other birds of prey). 6666:Central and Eastern Europe 6590: 6271: 6267: 6183: 5519:Europe lies mainly in the 5486:temperate broadleaf forest 5427: 5423: 5393:and at its heart lies the 5357: 5234:communist states collapsed 4635: 4625: 4404:American Revolutionary War 4368: 4362: 4303:were conquered by Russia, 4030:and Arabic knowledge from 3970: 3964: 3708:. Through monasteries and 3623: 3609: 3493:During the Dark Ages, the 3191: 3181: 3168:Platonic Academy of Athens 2858: 2852: 2534: 2523: 2519: 2445:Greater Caucasus watershed 2261: 2238:, and limited to northern 2077: 1217: 1211: 980: 963: 951: 932: 885: 817:to advance significantly. 698:spread in the continent a 673:their Christian successors 598:, and the waterway of the 18: 27528: 27470: 27447: 27414: 27378: 27311: 27205: 27113: 27104: 27033: 26954: 26760: 26564: 26345: 26303: 26212: 26203: 26151: 26108: 26048: 25950: 25708: 25704: 25503: 25499: 25420: 25416: 25292: 25288: 25001:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 24981: 24899: 24736: 24571: 24442:Standard Average European 24310: 24139: 24059: 23949: 23883: 23825: 23721: 23670: 23639: 23569: 23533: 23489: 23394: 23350: 23325: 23300: 23287: 23234: 23210: 23203: 23180: 23167: 23125: 23114: 22853: 22809: 22755: 22694: 22576: 22519: 22510: 22479:Health expense per capita 22395: 22364: 22326: 22322: 22313: 22199: 22131: 22093: 22089: 22080: 21979: 21970: 21938: 21859: 21850: 21665:Columbia University Press 21154:World Health Organization 20986:sustainable-prosperity.eu 20733:, October 25, 1915, p. 11 19697:. Routledge. p. 64. 19466:"The World Bank DataBank" 18724:National Geographic, 535. 18715:National Geographic, 537. 18706:National Geographic, 536. 18556:National Geographic, 530. 18528:10.1017/s0034670500008081 18396:Columbia University Press 18246:Taylor, A. J. P. (1996). 18236:National Geographic, 465. 17816:National Geographic, 480. 17769:National Geographic, 407. 17686:Maddison (27 July 2016). 17595:, Encyclopædia Britannica 17559:History of Trade Unionism 17458:National Geographic, 367. 17449:National Geographic, 350. 17361:National Geographic, 360. 17318:National Geographic, 255. 16972:National Geographic, 269. 16820:National Geographic, 338. 16811:National Geographic, 296. 16788:Penguin History of Europe 16775:National Geographic, 193. 16751:National Geographic, 292. 16716:Jensen, De Lamar (1992), 16707:National Geographic, 254. 16552:National Geographic, 223. 16524:"Plague: The Black Death" 16442:Baumgartner, Frederic J. 16331:"The Destruction of Kyiv" 16210:National Geographic, 211. 16132:. ABC-CLIO. p. 856. 15913:Browning, Robert (1992). 15812:Laiou & Morisson 2007 15802:National Geographic, 199. 15793:National Geographic, 192. 15784:National Geographic, 186. 15775:National Geographic, 158. 15697:National Geographic, 166. 15688:National Geographic, 162. 15635:National Geographic, 135. 15592:Laiou & Morisson 2007 15484:National Geographic, 123. 15240:. Routledge. p. 10. 14692:22 September 2021 at the 14527:(2 March 2023): 117–126. 14252:(in German). p. 106. 14032:Posidonios. Die Fragmente 13756:17 September 2017 at the 13585:FitzRoy, Charles (2015). 13428:National Geographic, 534. 13189:Human Development Reports 13107:"GDP PPP, current prices" 13016:worldpopulationreview.com 12930:Luhansk People's Republic 12926:Donetsk People's Republic 12794:International recognition 12460:OSCE countries statistics 12450:Lists of cities in Europe 12337:instances to predominate. 11914:in the late 4th century. 11731:, most notably including 11715:, most notably including 11336:Genetic history of Europe 10415:towards Africa and Asia. 10318: $ 10,000 – $ 20,000 10268: 10258: 9503: 9496: 9490: 9399: 9355: 9316: 9310: 9304: 9298: 9254: 9209: 9164: 9119: 9024: 8973: 8929: 8884: 8839: 8794: 8788: 8782: 8731: 8687: 8592: 8548: 8504: 8459: 8453: 8447: 8402: 8357: 8313: 8261: 8217: 8172: 8166: 8121: 8077: 8025: 7980: 7928: 7884: 7839: 7833: 7788: 7743: 7698: 7653: 7641: 7596: 7544: 7493: 7449: 7443: 7437: 7385: 7297: 7245: 7201: 7157: 7065:= Member state of the EU 7030:in 2024 according to the 6579:) extends westwards from 6251:in the 21st century, the 6245:climate change mitigation 6206:is getting warmer due to 6080: 5988: 5896: 5804: 5712: 5157:Free Territory of Trieste 5000:Soviet invasion of Poland 4914:Wall Street Crash of 1929 4764:and replaced it with the 4607:Public Health Act of 1875 4527:Greek War of Independence 4402:. Consequently, when the 4126:linking the Atlantic and 3916:, one of the most deadly 3902:Great Famine of 1315–1317 3860:, these territories were 3834:Mongol invasion of Europe 3774:against heretics. In the 3606:High and Late Middle Ages 3505:, a Frankish king of the 3372:Muslim conquest of Persia 3012:, which left its mark on 2215:, as opposed to both the 1921:; to the south-east, the 1259: 1174: 1156: 1141: 1122: 870:Regular popular elections 856:, and participate in the 781:divided Europe along the 728:European powers colonised 493: 471: 402: 388: 318: 294: 270: 258: 223: 210: 198: 186: 165: 161:72.9/km (188/sq mi) (2nd) 157: 145: 133: 107: 27321:Antarctic/Southern Ocean 26325:Transantarctic Mountains 25991:Chronology of continents 25141:Lancaster House Treaties 24631:Christian existentialism 24591:Ancient Roman philosophy 24581:Ancient Greek philosophy 22709:Childhood population (%) 22444:GNI (nominal) per capita 21926:hybrid variant (2020-22) 21400:11 December 2020 at the 21362:26 December 2018 at the 21280:Russian Foreign Ministry 21174:26 December 2010 at the 21045:26 December 2018 at the 20388:15 November 2019 at the 19627:Encyclopædia Britannica. 19228:"European bison, Wisent" 18250:. Simon & Schuster. 17922:Gleason, Abbott (2009). 17425:Grab, Alexander (2003). 17290:Cassirer, Ernst (1979). 17160:Hunt, Shelby D. (2003). 16433:. Oglethorpe University. 15998:Golna, Cornelia (2004). 15870:Findlay, Ronald (2006). 15341:National Geographic, 76. 14765:National Geographic, 21. 14636:from Dmanisi, Georgia". 14498:Lewis & Wigen (1997) 14332:Douglas W. Freshfield, " 13941:. Princeton University. 13446:european-union.europa.eu 13159:"Nominal GDP per capita" 12508:transcontinental country 12471: 12298: 11308:. The average number of 10409:Belt and Road Initiative 10375:in general, followed by 10316: 10306: 10294: 10284: 10272: 10262: 6687:, on the border between 6586: 6511:of the Caucasus and the 6419: 6321:block) became joined to 6255:being one of these. The 6220:greenhouse gas emissions 6186:Climate change in Europe 5509: 5500: 5491: 5482: 5472: 5463: 5454: 5445: 5336:Russo-Ukrainian conflict 5290:in 1957 established the 4928:in power of what became 4831:of 1937–38 in which the 4678:was assassinated by the 4331:The Renaissance and the 4315:Eastern Slavic lands to 4274:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 3811:Constantinople was taken 3243: 3236: 2905:system of government in 2799:Indo-European migrations 2432:by a German naturalist, 2390:, writing in 1760 about 2099:('Queen Europe') in 1582 2038:transcontinental country 1018:would yield a different 888:Europa (consort of Zeus) 542:. It is bordered by the 534:located entirely in the 27070:Caribbean South America 24919:Equality before the law 24126:Romano-Germanic culture 23381:British-Irish Agreement 22144:Council of Europe (CoE) 22123:Transatlantic relations 21654:Encyclopædia Britannica 21639:from the United States 21628:Europe: Human Geography 21622:Encyclopædia Britannica 21522:. Infobase Publishing. 21407:Encyclopædia Britannica 21389:4 February 2021 at the 21287:21 January 2022 at the 21200:5 December 2013 at the 21187:2 November 2018 at the 21161:12 January 2011 at the 21090:Encyclopædia Britannica 21083:19 January 2012 at the 21072:27 January 2021 at the 20542:. Pew Research Center. 20251:pelo autor Fale com o. 19947:Unemployment statistics 19895:The Wall Street Journal 19170:"History and geography" 19144:"Geology map of Europe" 19117:Encyclopædia Britannica 18598:14 January 2022 at the 18168:Hobsbawm, Eric (1995). 17863:Harrison, Mark (2002). 17696:University of Groningen 17631:Encyclopædia Britannica 17587:16 October 2014 at the 17510:26 January 2022 at the 17477:Davies, Norman (1996). 17371:McEvedy, Colin (1972). 16761:Levey, Michael (1971). 16737:Levey, Michael (1967). 16479:9 November 2006 at the 16429:2 November 2015 at the 16369:Encyclopædia Britannica 16083:Irvin, Dale T. (2002). 15739:Marc'Antonio Bragadin, 15470:McEvedy, Colin (1961). 15428:Strauss, Barry (2005). 15278:Daly, Jonathan (2013). 15234:Short, John R. (1987). 14997:Oxford University Press 14658:10.1126/science.1072953 14334:Journey in the Caucasus 14263:Davies, Norman (1996). 14080:7.5.6 (ed. Nobbe 1845, 13686:Beekes, Robert (2004). 13390:. Capstone. p. 5. 12968:Encyclopædia Britannica 12951:Continent § Number 11991:. In the 21st century, 11954:certain parts of Russia 11944:, two countries in the 11330:Ethnic groups in Europe 7032:V-Dem Democracy indices 6982:Eurasian Economic Union 6948:parliamentary democracy 6715:, different species of 6648:lives primarily in the 6294:(Fennoscandia) and the 6218:; without reduction in 5310:. The EU established a 5238:fall of the Berlin Wall 4988:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 4886:First Austrian Republic 4803:(including the postwar 4760:, which threw down the 4612:Great Famine of Ireland 4533:, which ended with the 4480:Austro-Hungarian empire 4359:18th and 19th centuries 3784:fall of Granada in 1492 3744:Eastern Orthodox Church 3396:parts of southern Italy 3364:Byzantine–Sasanian wars 3008:Greece was followed by 2759:monuments, such as the 2244:Carolingian Renaissance 2209:Carolingian Renaissance 1225:Contemporary definition 879: 844:. The EU originated in 807:fall of the Berlin Wall 681:Christian consolidation 671:, particularly through 21:Europe (disambiguation) 26850:Southern United States 26653:Scandinavian Peninsula 25752:Great Australian Bight 25081:Eastern European Group 24670:Continental philosophy 24601:Judeo-Christian ethics 24586:Hellenistic philosophy 24067:Cradle of civilization 23217:(Sovereign Base Areas) 22898:Bosnia and Herzegovina 21356:Statistics Department 21039:Statistics Department 20788:encyclopedia.ushmm.org 20492:2 October 2015 at the 19120:. 2007. Archived from 18952:10.1038/sdata.2018.214 18516:The Review of Politics 18275:. War History Online. 17828:The Age of Catastrophe 17607:English Social History 17429:. Palgrave MacMillan. 17396:Lyons, Martyn (1994). 16959:1 January 2015 at the 16621:Peter Barrett (2004), 16220:Peters, Ralph (2006). 15390:. Dover publications. 13372:Lewis & Wigen 1997 12796:, however, is limited. 12328: 12293:European Youth Capital 12246:Ottoman wars in Europe 12232:(or more specifically 12217: 11981:Russian census of 1897 11942:Bosnia and Herzegovina 11631:) is spoken mainly in 11520:in Central Europe and 11483: 11479:Distribution of major 11387:emigration from Europe 11367: 11273: 11247:Demographics of Europe 11188: 11096: 11085: 10359: 7474:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6904: 6696: 6608:Glaciation during the 6605: 6491: 6465:Scandinavian Mountains 6429: 6383:Scandinavian Mountains 6287: 6263:since 1 December 2019. 6208:anthropogenic activity 6197: 5590: 5516: 5401:-cut spine of Norway. 5369: 5201: 5077: 5040:attack on Pearl Harbor 4959:, which was a part of 4869: 4850: 4753: 4671: 4597:, the legalisation of 4577: 4398:brought to an end the 4391: 4199:Protestant Reformation 4194: 4015: 3862:overrun by the Mongols 3837: 3731: 3647: 3560:First Bulgarian Empire 3490: 3096:ended in 27 BCE, when 3005: 2965:; and in science with 2882: 2780:Early European Farmers 2725:Linear Pottery culture 2637:Homo erectus georgicus 2605: 2590: 2570: 2423:Kuma–Manych Depression 2373:between the Volga and 2288: 2280: 2151:at the River Don. The 2100: 2074:History of the concept 1973: 1968:) and Africa to Cham ( 1941: 1584:Franz Josef Land (Rus) 1234:continental boundaries 1081:Martin Litchfield West 1039:to a Semitic term for 905: 858:European single market 611:fifty sovereign states 68:Please consider using 27326:Antarctic Convergence 26870:Western United States 25201:Three Seas Initiative 25176:Pacific Islands Forum 25041:British–Irish Council 24789:Greek Orthodox Church 24248:Industrial Revolution 24218:Scientific Revolution 23244:Bailiwick of Guernsey 23215:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 22484:Military spending (%) 22474:Unemployment rate (%) 22219:free trade agreements 21984:Areas and populations 21637:European Reading Room 21542:The Byzantine Economy 21412:26 April 2015 at the 21049:places Azerbaijan in 20942:16 March 2018 at the 20908:www.citypopulation.de 19657:. The History Guide. 19286:Ecological Entomology 18466:Bundy, Colin (2016). 17557:Webb, Sidney (1976). 16862:. C. Scribner, p. 400 16858:Rowse, A. L. (1969). 16842:. Routledge, p. 335. 16629:22 April 2022 at the 16040:Powell, John (2001). 15956:Byfield, Ted (2008). 15553:Hadas, Moses (1950). 15041:Peregrine, Peter Neal 14775:Fleming, Nic (2022). 14062:1 August 2020 at the 13707:10.1515/kadm.43.1.167 13087:, Population Division 13053:, Population Division 12953:for more information. 12555:Bailiwick of Guernsey 12465:Pan-European identity 12315: 12211: 12198:Further information: 12057:urban areas of Europe 12049:Further information: 11966:immigration to Europe 11747:is the only European 11661:Balkan Gagauz Turkish 11643:and parts of Russia. 11496:language groups: the 11478: 11435:São Tomé and Príncipe 11365: 11354:Immigration to Europe 11334:Further information: 11296:since the 1970s. The 11268: 11231:sovereign debt crisis 11154: 11091: 11079: 11065:Industrial Revolution 10393:breakup of Yugoslavia 10245: 9968:Bailiwick of Guernsey 9887:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 6972:since the end of the 6903: 6678: 6602:Biogeographic regions 6600: 6569:Mediterranean Cypress 6489: 6427: 6285: 6195: 5585: 5437: 5367: 5322:, and introduced the 5192: 5180:nuclear proliferation 5080:After the staggering 5071:Franklin D. Roosevelt 5056: 5034:. On 7 December 1941 5022:In May 1940, Germany 4856: 4845: 4747: 4665: 4582:Industrial Revolution 4570:Industrial Revolution 4563: 4386: 4371:Industrial Revolution 4337:scientific revolution 4231:religious persecution 4181: 4144:Juan Sebastián Elcano 4060:Roman Catholic Church 3992: 3981:Scientific Revolution 3957:swept across Europe. 3883:Grand Duchy of Moscow 3823: 3718: 3706:Roman Catholic Church 3633: 3596:Orthodox Christianity 3481: 2999: 2872: 2801:5,000 years ago. The 2795:Pontic–Caspian steppe 2786:9,000 years ago; and 2737:causewayed enclosures 2596: 2576: 2548:, c. 20,000 years ago 2544: 2286: 2275: 2262:Further information: 2169:, separating it from 2092: 1964:), Europe to Iafeth ( 1947: 1939: 1212:Further information: 961:) 'wide, broad', and 895: 886:Further information: 755:Industrial Revolution 730:at various times the 607:seven-continent model 126:Hide national borders 116:Show national borders 44:The reason given is: 26392:Greater Central Asia 25976:Continental fragment 25971:Regions of the world 25196:Special Relationship 24606:Christian philosophy 24551:Western Christianity 24213:Age of Enlightenment 24087:Hellenistic Kingdoms 22489:Urban population (%) 22449:GNI (PPP) per capita 21994:European microstates 21376:11 July 2017 at the 21274:26 July 2022 at the 21261:26 July 2022 at the 21095:30 July 2022 at the 21059:11 July 2017 at the 20937:Europe and the Faith 20880:. 14 December 2015. 20847:. 2016. p. 11. 20730:The Pittsburgh Press 20513:. 18 December 2011. 20450:10.5744/fa.2019.1005 20349:Evans, N.J. (2001). 20143:20 July 2011 at the 20119:14 June 2022 at the 19952:14 June 2012 at the 19826:on 30 December 2010. 19638:Scott, John (2005). 19501:24 June 2021 at the 18094:"Serbia and Austria" 17731:22 July 2013 at the 17625:30 July 2022 at the 16939:Humphreys, Kenneth. 16873:The Mariner's Mirror 16448:Macmillan Publishers 16424:The Late Middle Ages 15917:The Byzantine Empire 15814:, pp. 130–131; 15594:, pp. 130–131; 15384:Heath, Thomas Little 15352:Heath, Thomas Little 14999:. pp. 215–216. 14945:Borza, E.N. (1992). 14755:on 18 February 2021. 14703:, found in June 2007 14410:"Physical Geography" 14319:Peter Simon Pallas, 13939:"Europe – Noun" 13384:Covert, Kim (2011). 12425:Healthcare in Europe 12024:Republic of Kalmykia 11693:Kartvelian languages 11439:White South Africans 11221:Figures released by 11072:Cold War (1945–1991) 10468:(nominal, Peak Year) 6966:European integration 6823:European integration 6453:North Atlantic Drift 6304:East European craton 5495:mediterranean forest 5391:Great European Plain 5264:European integration 5082:Battle of Stalingrad 5032:Operation Barbarossa 4880:: in 1919, with the 4813:second Soviet famine 4797:Treaty of Versailles 4773:Russian governorates 4680:Yugoslav nationalist 4603:abolition of slavery 4379:Age of Enlightenment 4319:. Further east, the 4112:Christopher Columbus 4058:, the nobility, the 3995:The School of Athens 3844:tribes, such as the 3832:in 1238, during the 3564:Serbian Principality 3495:Western Roman Empire 3339:, also known as the 3337:Eastern Roman Empire 3231:Charlemagne's empire 3154:) which was renamed 3144:imperial persecution 2991:Golden Age of Athens 2784:Neolithic Revolution 2219:churches and to the 2201:Western Roman Empire 2131:on the territory of 2065:—which are parts of 1996:, may also refer to 1990:North-western Africa 1043:, this being either 815:European integration 743:Age of Enlightenment 687:marked the European 661:Western civilisation 651:continental climates 202:$ 34,230 (2022 est; 27538:Continents of Earth 27065:Brazilian Highlands 26474:Indian subcontinent 26335:Antarctic Peninsula 26133:Southern Hemisphere 26128:Northern Hemisphere 25933:Indian Subcontinent 25723:Submerged continent 25221:West Nordic Council 25086:Eastern Partnership 24675:Analytic philosophy 24376:Classical tradition 24198:Early modern period 24154:Classical antiquity 24149:European Bronze Age 23950:Comprehensive group 23826:Southwestern Europe 23722:Southeastern Europe 23337:unincorporated area 23266:Bailiwick of Jersey 23128:States with limited 22469:Press Freedom Index 22396:Sovereign states by 22241:Eastern Partnership 21877:Classical antiquity 21641:Library of Congress 21395:National Geographic 21303:on 19 February 2011 21213:2 July 2022 at the 21142:on 31 December 2010 21078:National Geographic 20878:Hürriyet Daily News 20761:10.1257/pol.5.3.189 20709:Pew Research Center 20674:Pew Research Center 20612:Orthodoxy and Islam 20138:Living-Diversity.eu 19975:27 May 2016 at the 19842:31 May 2022 at the 19621:17 May 2014 at the 19298:1997EcoEn..22..390B 19234:on 26 December 2016 18944:2018NatSD...580214B 18926:(30 October 2018). 18741:. 1 February 2020. 18389:21 May 2022 at the 18346:National Geographic 18334:National Geographic 18322:National Geographic 18310:National Geographic 18298:National Geographic 18195:National Geographic 17851:National Geographic 17779:National Geographic 17706:on 12 February 2021 17668:4 July 2010 at the 16534:on 16 February 2012 16528:National Geographic 16362:29 May 2008 at the 15707:Bulliet et al. 2011 15317:Dunn, John (1994). 15215:on 19 November 2018 15158:Scientific American 15114:10.1038/nature14317 15106:2015Natur.522..207H 14916:2012JHumE..62..286D 14858:10.1038/nature13810 14850:2014Natur.514..445F 14793:2022Natur.606.1035F 14749:National Geographic 14650:2002Sci...297...85V 14583:on 29 November 2020 14577:National Geographic 14573:"Quaternary Period" 14533:2023Natur.615..117P 14416:on 16 October 2011. 14408:Orlenok V. (1998). 14087:24 May 2020 at the 13776:M. L. West (1997). 13506:. 15 February 1585. 13348:National Geographic 12964:National Geographic 12649:metropolitan France 12491:Republic of Moldova 12390:Early modern Europe 12359:is common even for 11729:Northwest Caucasian 11713:Northeast Caucasian 11500:, derived from the 11481:languages of Europe 11471:Languages of Europe 11310:children per female 11175:, copper, iron and 10385:Southeastern Europe 10264: >$ 60,000 10008:Bailiwick of Jersey 9904:Episkopi Cantonment 7500:Боснa и Херцеговина 7494:Bosna i Hercegovina 6805:Democracy in Europe 6737:small tortoiseshell 6610:most recent ice age 6501:broadleaf and mixed 6253:European Green Deal 5595: 5594:Temperatures in °C 5360:Geography of Europe 5340:full-scale invasion 5222:Pan-European Picnic 5182:. At the same time 5122:post-war expulsions 5112:. The Soviet Union 4982:over the future of 4884:in Germany and the 4847:Serbian war efforts 4837:deported and exiled 4476:Revolutions of 1848 4466:": the UK, France, 4424:First French Empire 4286:Second Northern War 4243:Peace of Westphalia 4108:Southern Hemisphere 3967:Early modern period 3961:Early modern period 3939:persecution of Jews 3922:European population 3782:concluded with the 3724:Philip II of France 3626:Medieval demography 3552:South Slavic states 3521:East Central Europe 3434:(717) weakened the 3430:. The unsuccessful 3406:were brought under 3060:coast, much of the 2957:; in medicine with 2891:rationalist culture 2855:Classical antiquity 2849:Classical antiquity 2829:gave rise to early 2807:Minoan civilisation 2803:European Bronze Age 2778:culture; Neolithic 2729:Mediterranean coast 2626:last glacial period 2167:Strait of Gibraltar 2163:Pillars of Hercules 2010:classical antiquity 1900:Strait of Gibraltar 803:Revolutions of 1989 696:Italian Renaissance 572:separated from Asia 566:with both Asia and 536:Northern Hemisphere 407:Largest urban areas 149:745,173,774 (2021; 104: 46:DuplicateReferences 27353:Great Barrier Reef 26974:Mainland Australia 26682:Apennine Peninsula 26143:Western Hemisphere 26118:Eastern Hemisphere 25714: 25509: 25426: 25298: 24680:Post-structuralism 24643:Christian humanism 24273:Universal suffrage 23483:European diasporas 23236:Crown Dependencies 22608:Capital of Culture 22459:Internet users (%) 22351:Telecommunications 22118:Post-Soviet Europe 21956:predecessor states 21538:Laiou, Angeliki E. 21382:CIA World Factbook 21366:places Georgia in 21248:9 May 2021 at the 21065:CIA World Factbook 20396:, 23 November 2005 19750:1 May 2009 at the 19380:on 28 January 2015 19124:on 4 December 2007 18894:on 9 November 2006 18884:"European Climate" 18866:3 May 2015 at the 18830:"Why Europe works" 18398:, 2000, pp. 45–52. 18364:2018-03-16 at the 18032:The New York Times 17908:2006-11-27 at the 17649:2019-11-09 at the 17609:. Longmans, Green. 17402:St. Martin's Press 17137:2016-04-29 at the 17024:2022-04-17 at the 16718:Renaissance Europe 16565:. Infoplease.com. 16509:7 May 2015 at the 15493:Foster, Sally M., 15360:Dover Publications 14480:, Springer, 1997, 14339:2020-08-01 at the 14309:on 8 January 2012. 14043:I. G. Kidd (ed.), 13914:2017-03-27 at the 13885:The World Factbook 13861:on 28 October 2009 13658:www.etymonline.com 12972:CIA World Factbook 12553:legislated by the 12543:Crown Dependencies 12329: 12218: 12055:The three largest 11985:Pale of Settlement 11775:Religion in Europe 11510:Germanic languages 11484: 11368: 11314:population decline 11278:population density 11274: 11189: 11141:European Community 11139:. Until 1990, the 11112:. The majority of 11097: 11086: 10360: 9785:Crown Dependencies 9567:Population density 9491:Città del Vaticano 8738:Severna Makedonija 8732:Северна Македонија 6905: 6801:Politics of Europe 6787:European Community 6697: 6606: 6492: 6430: 6355:Scottish Highlands 6288: 6198: 5593: 5591: 5517: 5395:North German Plain 5370: 5304:European Community 5202: 5078: 4896:government in the 4874:social revolutions 4870: 4851: 4758:Russian Revolution 4754: 4672: 4605:. In Britain, the 4578: 4555:Congress of Berlin 4523:Serbian Revolution 4456:Congress of Vienna 4432:Battle of Waterloo 4420:Napoleon Bonaparte 4392: 4389:Congress of Vienna 4208:Ninety-five Theses 4195: 4183:Habsburg dominions 4173:3rd Spanish Armada 4169:2nd Spanish Armada 4164:Philip II of Spain 4132:Ferdinand Magellan 4074:, funded prolific 4016: 3929:Giovanni Boccaccio 3891:Ivan III the Great 3838: 3732: 3675:Maritime Republics 3654:, followed by the 3648: 3636:maritime republics 3592:Vladimir the Great 3580:Kingdom of Croatia 3511:Holy Roman Emperor 3491: 3448:Battle of Poitiers 3400:Visigothic Kingdom 3006: 2987:Greco-Persian Wars 2983:Achaemenid Persian 2883: 2697:European Neolithic 2644:, is the earliest 2618:Quaternary ice age 2606: 2591: 2571: 2537:Prehistoric Europe 2449:Douglas Freshfield 2434:Peter Simon Pallas 2289: 2281: 2268:Continental Europe 2258:Modern definitions 2101: 2005:physical geography 1998:Continental Europe 1974: 1942: 1923:Caucasus Mountains 906: 850:expanding eastward 645:, which produce a 562:with Asia, and of 554:to the south, and 546:to the north, the 540:Eastern Hemisphere 538:and mostly in the 158:Population density 102: 27560: 27559: 27554: 27553: 27434:Mediterranean Rim 27307: 27306: 27246:Mediterranean Sea 27100: 27099: 27053:Amazon Rainforest 26880:Canadian Prairies 26845:Pacific Northwest 26706:Iberian Peninsula 26491:Arabian Peninsula 26318:Antarctic Plateau 26078:Three/Four Worlds 26000: 25999: 25946: 25945: 25941: 25940: 25762:Kerguelen Plateau 25700: 25699: 25695: 25694: 25495: 25494: 25490: 25489: 25412: 25411: 25407: 25406: 25244: 25243: 25071:Council of Europe 24973:International law 24926:Constitutionalism 24784:Eastern Orthodoxy 24290:Post–Cold War era 24223:Age of Revolution 24077:Greco-Roman world 24015: 24014: 23449: 23448: 23390: 23389: 23312:autonomous region 23283: 23282: 23279: 23278: 22796: 22795: 22751: 22750: 22506: 22505: 22502: 22501: 22365:Intergovernmental 22309: 22308: 22305: 22304: 22263:Foreign relations 22164:GUAM Organization 22132:Intergovernmental 22076: 22075: 21989:Countries by area 21966: 21965: 21917:COVID-19 pandemic 21593:978-0-521-22379-9 21572:978-0-520-20743-1 21551:978-0-521-84978-4 21529:978-1-60413-106-2 21510:978-0-495-91311-5 21120:on 8 January 2011 21110:Council of Europe 20381:Robert Greenall, 20169:978-92-9268-078-7 20075:population.un.org 19704:978-0-415-19540-9 18684:. 10 March 2022. 18593:The European flag 18257:978-0-684-82947-0 18181:978-0-679-73005-7 18062:"Serbia Restored" 18001:Los Angeles Times 17980:978-0-674-00473-3 17935:978-1-4051-3560-3 17876:978-0-521-89424-1 17653:". BBC – History. 17568:978-0-404-06885-1 17543:978-0-14-010241-3 17536:. Penguin Books. 17492:978-0-19-820171-7 17481:Europe: A History 17436:978-0-333-68275-3 17411:978-0-312-12123-5 17382:978-0-14-051153-6 17375:. Penguin Books. 17348:978-0-394-55948-3 17305:978-0-691-01963-5 17276:978-0-521-37422-4 17199:Hatch, Robert A. 17173:978-0-7656-0932-8 16798:978-0-14-026561-3 16791:. Penguin Books. 16739:Early Renaissance 16694:978-0-14-044534-3 16679:Burckhardt, Jacob 16473:TheHistoryNet.com 16413:978-90-04-17536-5 16304:978-5-244-00072-6 16235:978-1-59523-030-0 16181:978-0-495-90227-0 16139:978-1-57607-800-6 16096:978-0-567-08866-6 16053:978-0-89356-015-7 16011:978-90-804114-4-9 15969:978-0-9689873-7-7 15932:978-0-8132-0754-4 15883:978-0-262-06251-0 15841:978-0-495-90227-0 15749:978-88-6288-082-4 15566:978-0-231-01767-1 15527:978-1-135-78262-7 15441:978-0-7432-7453-1 15397:978-0-486-24074-9 15369:978-0-486-24073-2 15328:978-0-19-827934-1 15291:978-1-4411-1851-6 15247:978-0-7102-0372-4 15090:(7555): 207–211. 15058:978-0-306-46258-0 15006:978-0-19-507618-9 14958:978-0-691-00880-6 14844:(7523): 445–449. 14486:978-0-412-74040-4 14463:978-0-521-41007-6 14438:978-0-521-06661-7 14276:978-0-19-820171-7 14266:Europe: A History 14189:978-0-8132-1683-6 14053:978-0-521-60443-7 14017:978-88-7653-335-8 13789:978-0-19-815221-7 13598:978-1-4081-9211-5 13559:978-0-19-928075-9 13524:. 10 January 2013 13397:978-1-4296-6831-6 13357:978-0-7922-7528-2 12683:) constitute the 12588:independent part 12361:essential workers 12349:socially isolated 12234:Latin Christendom 12200:European folklore 12194:Culture of Europe 11997:Jewish population 11756:Council of Europe 11498:Romance languages 11449:, predominate in 11380:population growth 11358:European diaspora 11342:ethnic minorities 11286:migrate to Europe 11270:Population growth 11187:, Kosovo in 2011. 11102:recovered quickly 11051: 11050: 10775: 10768: 10752: 10751: 10476: 10469: 10398:The model of the 10358: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10230:Economy of Europe 10221: 10220: 9824: 9823: 9820:= Part of the EU 9779:of Finland), two 9777:autonomous county 9769: 9768: 9524: 9523: 7069: 7068: 6970:Council of Europe 6819:Regions of Europe 6721:European hedgehog 6685:Białowieża Forest 6274:Geology of Europe 6249:energy transition 6172: 6171: 5557:Mediterranean Sea 5430:Climate of Europe 5418:rising sea levels 5410:Italian Peninsula 5406:Iberian Peninsula 5272:Winston Churchill 5268:Council of Europe 5210:Mikhail Gorbachev 5204:In the 1980s the 5198:Council of Europe 5196:, adopted by the 5133:Winston Churchill 5067:Winston Churchill 4922:fascist movements 4801:Russian Civil War 4632:History of Europe 4497:In parallel, the 4426:that, during the 4375:French Revolution 4270:Kingdom of Poland 4235:Thirty Years' War 4092:Leonardo da Vinci 4008:Leonardo da Vinci 3895:Ivan the Terrible 3887:Tsardom of Russia 3776:Iberian Peninsula 3720:Tancred of Sicily 3710:cathedral schools 3515:Holy Roman Empire 3428:Umayyad Caliphate 3324:thinkers such as 3258:Age of Migrations 3245: Tributaries 3198:Age of Migrations 3188:Early Middle Ages 3178:Early Middle Ages 2819:European Iron Age 2727:), and along the 2666:Neandertal valley 2664:(named after the 2526:History of Europe 2464:Baydaratskaya Bay 2405:published by the 2396:Halford Mackinder 2295:began to include 2264:Regions of Europe 2228:Latin Christendom 2055:Mediterranean Sea 1931:Mediterranean Sea 1856:Mediterranean Sea 1256: 1028:ancient Macedonia 842:European treaties 822:Council of Europe 757:, which began in 747:French Revolution 710:which led to the 647:temperate climate 552:Mediterranean Sea 550:to the west, the 525: 524: 98: 97: 90: 27585: 27536: 27535: 27515:Global Southwest 27510:Global Southeast 27500:Global Northwest 27495:Global Northeast 27485:Global Heartland 27429:Indian Ocean Rim 27111: 27110: 27003:Island Melanesia 26694:Balkan Peninsula 26469:Himalayan states 26416:Russian Far East 26210: 26209: 26138:Water Hemisphere 26027: 26020: 26013: 26004: 26003: 25984: 25983: 25965:World portal 25963: 25962: 25900: 25849: 25806: 25734: 25711: 25710: 25706: 25705: 25584: 25522: 25506: 25505: 25501: 25500: 25480: 25465: 25450: 25435: 25423: 25422: 25418: 25417: 25397: 25382: 25367: 25352: 25337: 25322: 25307: 25295: 25294: 25290: 25289: 25271: 25264: 25257: 25248: 25247: 25116:EU Customs Union 24648:Secular humanism 24596:Christian ethics 24546:East–West Schism 24529:Physical culture 24253:Great Divergence 24203:Age of Discovery 24042: 24035: 24028: 24019: 24018: 23925: 23906: 23899: 23816: 23814:Meskhetian Turks 23797: 23773: 23771:Turkish Cypriots 23766: 23737: 23600: 23476: 23469: 23462: 23453: 23452: 23437: 23425: 23424: 23411:Governed by the 23373:Northern Ireland 23316:Åland convention 23298: 23297: 23208: 23207: 23178: 23177: 23120: 22855:Sovereign states 22836: 22829: 22822: 22813: 22812: 22800: 22799: 22771: 22764: 22517: 22516: 22341:Free trade areas 22324: 22323: 22320: 22319: 22091: 22090: 22087: 22086: 21977: 21976: 21857: 21856: 21833: 21826: 21819: 21810: 21809: 21804: 21796: 21795: 21794: 21787: 21779: 21778: 21777: 21770: 21762: 21761: 21760: 21753: 21745: 21744: 21743: 21733: 21717: 21716: 21715: 21705: 21704: 21703: 21696: 21681:Historical atlas 21658: 21650: 21597: 21576: 21555: 21533: 21514: 21468: 21467: 21465: 21463: 21449: 21443: 21442: 21440: 21438: 21424: 21418: 21350: 21344: 21343: 21341: 21339: 21320: 21314: 21312: 21310: 21308: 21299:. Archived from 21238: 21236: 21234: 21225:. Archived from 21151: 21149: 21147: 21138:. Archived from 21129: 21127: 21125: 21116:. Archived from 21107: 21101: 21033: 21027: 21026: 21024: 21022: 21016: 21005: 20996: 20990: 20989: 20978: 20972: 20971: 20953: 20947: 20930: 20924: 20923: 20921: 20919: 20900: 20894: 20893: 20891: 20889: 20870: 20864: 20863: 20861: 20859: 20853: 20842: 20834: 20825: 20824: 20822: 20820: 20805: 20799: 20798: 20796: 20794: 20779: 20773: 20772: 20740: 20734: 20726: 20720: 20719: 20717: 20715: 20700: 20691: 20690: 20688: 20686: 20664: 20655: 20654: 20652: 20650: 20635: 20629: 20628: 20607: 20601: 20600: 20582: 20576: 20575: 20557: 20551: 20550: 20548: 20541: 20533: 20527: 20526: 20524: 20522: 20503: 20497: 20484: 20478: 20477: 20471: 20469: 20429: 20423: 20422: 20420: 20418: 20409:. Archived from 20403: 20397: 20379: 20373: 20372: 20370: 20346: 20340: 20339: 20337: 20335: 20311: 20305: 20304: 20302: 20300: 20294: 20288:. Archived from 20287: 20279: 20273: 20272: 20270: 20268: 20247: 20241: 20240: 20238: 20236: 20224: 20215: 20214: 20212: 20210: 20195: 20189: 20188: 20186: 20184: 20154: 20148: 20130: 20124: 20111: 20105: 20104: 20102: 20100: 20085: 20079: 20078: 20067: 20061: 20060: 20059:. pp. 7, 9. 20054: 20044: 20038: 20037: 20026: 20020: 20019: 20008: 20002: 20001: 19999: 19997: 19986: 19980: 19967: 19961: 19944: 19938: 19937: 19935: 19933: 19917: 19911: 19910: 19908: 19906: 19886: 19880: 19879: 19877: 19875: 19853: 19847: 19834: 19828: 19827: 19816: 19810: 19809: 19807: 19805: 19786: 19780: 19779: 19777: 19775: 19760: 19754: 19741: 19735: 19730:Harrop, Martin. 19728: 19722: 19715: 19709: 19708: 19690: 19684: 19677: 19671: 19670: 19668: 19666: 19650: 19644: 19643: 19635: 19629: 19613: 19607: 19606: 19604: 19602: 19592: 19571: 19570: 19568: 19566: 19556: 19550: 19545: 19539: 19534: 19528: 19527: 19516: 19510: 19492: 19486: 19485: 19483: 19481: 19462: 19456: 19455: 19453: 19451: 19432: 19426: 19422: 19416: 19415: 19413: 19411: 19396: 19390: 19389: 19387: 19385: 19369: 19363: 19362: 19360: 19358: 19347: 19341: 19336: 19330: 19324: 19318: 19317: 19281: 19275: 19274: 19272: 19270: 19250: 19244: 19243: 19241: 19239: 19230:. Archived from 19224: 19218: 19217: 19215: 19213: 19207: 19200: 19192: 19186: 19185: 19183: 19181: 19166: 19160: 19159: 19157: 19155: 19140: 19134: 19133: 19131: 19129: 19108: 19095: 19094: 19092: 19090: 19075: 19069: 19066: 19060: 19059: 19057: 19055: 19041: 19035: 19034: 19032: 19030: 19015: 19009: 19008: 19006: 19004: 18989: 18983: 18980: 18974: 18973: 18963: 18919: 18913: 18910: 18904: 18903: 18901: 18899: 18880: 18871: 18858: 18852: 18851: 18849: 18847: 18825: 18819: 18818: 18816: 18814: 18805:. 7 March 2022. 18793: 18787: 18786: 18784: 18782: 18773:. 3 March 2022. 18761: 18755: 18754: 18752: 18750: 18731: 18725: 18722: 18716: 18713: 18707: 18704: 18698: 18697: 18695: 18693: 18681:The Moscow Times 18672: 18666: 18663: 18657: 18654: 18648: 18645: 18639: 18636: 18630: 18627: 18621: 18618: 18612: 18609: 18603: 18590: 18584: 18581: 18575: 18572: 18566: 18563: 18557: 18554: 18548: 18547: 18511: 18505: 18494: 18488: 18487: 18485: 18483: 18472:www.fmreview.org 18463: 18457: 18456: 18454: 18452: 18435: 18429: 18428: 18426: 18424: 18405: 18399: 18379: 18373: 18355: 18349: 18343: 18337: 18331: 18325: 18319: 18313: 18307: 18301: 18295: 18289: 18288: 18286: 18284: 18268: 18262: 18261: 18243: 18237: 18234: 18228: 18227: 18225: 18223: 18204: 18198: 18192: 18186: 18185: 18165: 18156: 18155: 18153: 18151: 18145: 18139:. 27 July 1918. 18134: 18126: 18120: 18119: 18117: 18115: 18109: 18103:. 28 July 1918. 18098: 18090: 18084: 18083: 18081: 18079: 18073: 18066: 18058: 18052: 18051: 18049: 18047: 18041: 18028: 18020: 18014: 18013: 18011: 18009: 17991: 17985: 17984: 17968: 17958: 17952: 17951: 17949: 17947: 17919: 17913: 17899: 17893: 17892: 17890: 17888: 17860: 17854: 17848: 17842: 17841: 17823: 17817: 17814: 17808: 17807: 17805: 17803: 17788: 17782: 17776: 17770: 17767: 17761: 17760: 17758: 17756: 17741: 17735: 17722: 17716: 17715: 17713: 17711: 17705: 17699:. Archived from 17692: 17683: 17677: 17676:. December 1996. 17660: 17654: 17644:The Irish Famine 17640: 17634: 17617: 17611: 17610: 17602: 17596: 17579: 17573: 17572: 17554: 17548: 17547: 17535: 17525: 17519: 17503: 17497: 17496: 17484: 17474: 17468: 17465: 17459: 17456: 17450: 17447: 17441: 17440: 17422: 17416: 17415: 17393: 17387: 17386: 17368: 17362: 17359: 17353: 17352: 17325: 17319: 17316: 17310: 17309: 17297: 17287: 17281: 17280: 17258: 17252: 17251: 17223: 17217: 17216: 17214: 17212: 17196: 17190: 17189: 17187: 17185: 17157: 17151: 17127: 17121: 17120: 17118: 17116: 17085: 17079: 17078: 17076: 17074: 17047:Frost, Robert I. 17043: 17037: 17014: 17008: 17007: 17005: 17003: 16988: 16982: 16979: 16973: 16970: 16964: 16951: 16945: 16944: 16936: 16930: 16929: 16927: 16925: 16914:en.wikibooks.org 16906: 16900: 16897: 16891: 16890: 16882: 16876: 16869: 16863: 16856: 16850: 16836: 16830: 16827: 16821: 16818: 16812: 16809: 16803: 16802: 16782: 16776: 16773: 16767: 16766: 16765:. Penguin Books. 16763:High Renaissance 16758: 16752: 16749: 16743: 16742: 16741:. Penguin Books. 16734: 16728: 16714: 16708: 16705: 16699: 16698: 16675: 16669: 16652: 16646: 16619: 16610: 16609: 16607: 16605: 16585: 16579: 16578: 16576: 16574: 16559: 16553: 16550: 16544: 16543: 16541: 16539: 16530:. Archived from 16520: 16514: 16501: 16495: 16489: 16483: 16465: 16459: 16440: 16434: 16421: 16415: 16405: 16399: 16398: 16396: 16394: 16379: 16373: 16353: 16347: 16346: 16344: 16342: 16337:on 27 April 2011 16327: 16321: 16320: 16318: 16316: 16288: 16282: 16281: 16275: 16273: 16256: 16250: 16249: 16244: 16242: 16227: 16217: 16211: 16208: 16202: 16201: 16195: 16193: 16165: 16159: 16158: 16153: 16151: 16123: 16117: 16116: 16110: 16108: 16080: 16074: 16073: 16067: 16065: 16037: 16031: 16030: 16025: 16023: 15995: 15989: 15988: 15983: 15981: 15953: 15947: 15946: 15941: 15939: 15920: 15910: 15904: 15903: 15897: 15895: 15867: 15861: 15860: 15855: 15853: 15825: 15819: 15809: 15803: 15800: 15794: 15791: 15785: 15782: 15776: 15773: 15764: 15757: 15751: 15737: 15731: 15728: 15722: 15716: 15710: 15704: 15698: 15695: 15689: 15686: 15680: 15677: 15671: 15664: 15658: 15657: 15642: 15636: 15633: 15627: 15620:Norman F. Cantor 15617: 15611: 15605: 15599: 15589: 15583: 15582: 15580: 15578: 15550: 15544: 15543: 15541: 15539: 15511: 15505: 15491: 15485: 15482: 15476: 15475: 15474:. Penguin Books. 15467: 15458: 15457: 15455: 15453: 15425: 15419: 15410:Pedersen, Olaf. 15408: 15402: 15401: 15380: 15374: 15373: 15348: 15342: 15339: 15333: 15332: 15314: 15308: 15307: 15305: 15303: 15275: 15264: 15263: 15261: 15259: 15231: 15225: 15224: 15222: 15220: 15205: 15199: 15198: 15197:on 15 June 2012. 15191:"Ancient Greece" 15187: 15181: 15180: 15168: 15162: 15161: 15150: 15144: 15143: 15133: 15099: 15072: 15063: 15062: 15037: 15031: 15020:Atkinson, R.J.C. 15017: 15011: 15010: 14981: 14975: 14974: 14972: 14970: 14942: 14936: 14935: 14894: 14888: 14887: 14877: 14829: 14823: 14822: 14804: 14772: 14766: 14763: 14757: 14756: 14741: 14735: 14734: 14732: 14730: 14710: 14704: 14684: 14678: 14677: 14629: 14623: 14622: 14620: 14618: 14599: 14593: 14592: 14590: 14588: 14569: 14563: 14562: 14552: 14510: 14501: 14495: 14489: 14474: 14468: 14467: 14449: 14443: 14442: 14424: 14418: 14417: 14405: 14399: 14398: 14396: 14394: 14379: 14373: 14361: 14355: 14330: 14324: 14317: 14311: 14310: 14299: 14293: 14292: 14290: 14288: 14260: 14254: 14253: 14245: 14239: 14238: 14236: 14234: 14228: 14221: 14209: 14203: 14200: 14194: 14193: 14175: 14169: 14162:Norman F. Cantor 14159: 14153: 14152: 14150: 14148: 14107: 14098: 14096: 14095: 14073: 14067: 14041: 14035: 14028: 14022: 14021: 14003: 13997: 13991: 13985: 13982: 13976: 13961: 13955: 13954: 13952: 13950: 13935: 13929: 13903: 13897: 13896: 13894: 13892: 13877: 13871: 13870: 13868: 13866: 13857:. Archived from 13847: 13838: 13837: 13818:10.2307/20029452 13801: 13795: 13793: 13773: 13767: 13748: 13742: 13741: 13739: 13737: 13731: 13692: 13683: 13674: 13673: 13671: 13669: 13650: 13644: 13643: 13641: 13639: 13621: 13615: 13614: 13612: 13610: 13582: 13576: 13575: 13573: 13571: 13543: 13534: 13533: 13531: 13529: 13514: 13508: 13507: 13500: 13494: 13493: 13491: 13489: 13483: 13476: 13468: 13462: 13461: 13459: 13457: 13438: 13429: 13426: 13417: 13416: 13411: 13409: 13381: 13375: 13369: 13363: 13361: 13340: 13334: 13333: 13331: 13329: 13315: 13309: 13308: 13306: 13304: 13289: 13283: 13282: 13280: 13278: 13272: 13265: 13257: 13251: 13250: 13248: 13246: 13240: 13234:. Pewforum.org. 13233: 13224: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13200: 13191:. Archived from 13181: 13175: 13174: 13172: 13170: 13155: 13149: 13148: 13146: 13144: 13129: 13123: 13122: 13120: 13118: 13103: 13097: 13096: 13094: 13092: 13082: 13074: 13063: 13062: 13060: 13058: 13043: 13032: 13031: 13029: 13027: 13008: 12989: 12960: 12947: 12922: 12903: 12886:Nagorno-Karabakh 12883: 12855: 12832: 12822: 12803: 12766: 12757:Nagorno-Karabakh 12745:Greater Caucasus 12738: 12722: 12702: 12662: 12641: 12622:Area figure for 12620: 12599: 12575: 12528: 12504: 12484: 12383: 12378: 12377: 12376: 12342:Social dimension 12175: 12161: 12147: 12133: 12089:Saint Petersburg 11995:has the largest 11956:, as well as in 11946:Balkan peninsula 11924:European culture 11872:Eastern Orthodox 11851: 11845: 11835: 11825: 11815: 11805: 11795: 11749:language isolate 11741:Semitic language 11645:Turkic languages 11597:Uralic languages 11514:Slavic languages 11261:Ageing of Europe 11179:. Miners at the 11054:Economic history 11038: 11036: 11035: 11014: 11012: 11011: 10990: 10988: 10987: 10966: 10964: 10963: 10942: 10940: 10939: 10918: 10916: 10915: 10897: 10893: 10891: 10890: 10868: 10866: 10865: 10844: 10842: 10841: 10820: 10818: 10817: 10798: 10794: 10792: 10791: 10770: 10767:(PPP, Peak Year) 10766: 10754: 10753: 10739: 10737: 10736: 10715: 10713: 10712: 10691: 10689: 10688: 10667: 10665: 10664: 10643: 10641: 10640: 10619: 10617: 10616: 10595: 10593: 10592: 10571: 10569: 10568: 10550: 10546: 10544: 10543: 10521: 10519: 10518: 10499: 10495: 10493: 10492: 10471: 10467: 10455: 10454: 10320: 10319: 10317: 10310: 10309: 10307: 10298: 10297: 10295: 10288: 10287: 10285: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10256: 10252: 10249: 10199: 10198: 10164: 10163: 10155: 10124: 10123: 10115: 10084: 10083: 10075: 10044: 10043: 10035: 10004: 10003: 9995: 9964: 9963: 9955: 9923: 9922: 9914: 9883: 9882: 9826: 9825: 9814: 9813: 9746: 9745: 9737: 9709: 9708: 9700: 9667: 9666: 9658: 9630: 9629: 9621: 9593: 9592: 9584: 9537: 9536: 9499: 9498: 9497:Civitas Vaticana 9493: 9492: 9467: 9466: 9458: 9427: 9426: 9418: 9408: 9402: 9401: 9376: 9375: 9367: 9358: 9357: 9332: 9331: 9319: 9318: 9313: 9312: 9307: 9306: 9301: 9300: 9275: 9274: 9266: 9257: 9256: 9230: 9229: 9221: 9212: 9211: 9185: 9184: 9176: 9167: 9166: 9140: 9139: 9131: 9122: 9121: 9095: 9094: 9086: 9077: 9076: 9071: 9070: 9045: 9044: 9036: 9027: 9026: 9001: 9000: 8992: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8950: 8949: 8941: 8932: 8931: 8905: 8904: 8896: 8887: 8886: 8860: 8859: 8851: 8842: 8841: 8815: 8814: 8806: 8797: 8796: 8791: 8790: 8785: 8784: 8759: 8758: 8750: 8740: 8734: 8733: 8708: 8707: 8699: 8690: 8689: 8663: 8662: 8654: 8645: 8644: 8639: 8638: 8613: 8612: 8604: 8595: 8594: 8569: 8568: 8560: 8551: 8550: 8525: 8524: 8516: 8507: 8506: 8480: 8479: 8471: 8462: 8461: 8456: 8455: 8450: 8449: 8423: 8422: 8414: 8405: 8404: 8378: 8377: 8369: 8360: 8359: 8334: 8333: 8325: 8316: 8315: 8289: 8288: 8280: 8270: 8264: 8263: 8238: 8237: 8229: 8220: 8219: 8193: 8192: 8184: 8175: 8174: 8169: 8168: 8142: 8141: 8133: 8124: 8123: 8098: 8097: 8089: 8080: 8079: 8053: 8052: 8044: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8001: 8000: 7992: 7983: 7982: 7956: 7955: 7947: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7905: 7904: 7896: 7887: 7886: 7860: 7859: 7851: 7842: 7841: 7836: 7835: 7809: 7808: 7800: 7791: 7790: 7764: 7763: 7755: 7746: 7745: 7719: 7718: 7710: 7701: 7700: 7674: 7673: 7665: 7656: 7655: 7650: 7644: 7643: 7617: 7616: 7608: 7599: 7598: 7572: 7571: 7563: 7553: 7547: 7546: 7520: 7519: 7511: 7502: 7501: 7496: 7495: 7470: 7469: 7461: 7452: 7451: 7446: 7445: 7440: 7439: 7413: 7412: 7404: 7394: 7388: 7387: 7362: 7361: 7353: 7344: 7343: 7318: 7317: 7309: 7300: 7299: 7273: 7272: 7264: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7222: 7221: 7213: 7204: 7203: 7196:Andorra la Vella 7178: 7177: 7169: 7160: 7159: 7134: 7133: 7125: 7071: 7070: 7059: 7058: 6974:Second World War 6933: 6926: 6919: 6832: 6701:European wildcat 6656:may be found on 6650:Balkan peninsula 6296:Sarmatian craton 6261:Frans Timmermans 6204:Europe's climate 5784:Saint Petersburg 5596: 5592: 5540:Atlantic Ocean. 5515: 5510: 5506: 5504:temperate steppe 5501: 5497: 5492: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5455: 5451: 5446: 5328:expanding the EU 5129:Yalta Conference 5063:Yalta Conference 5004:Baltic countries 4953:Munich Agreement 4951:. Following the 4918:Great Depression 4906:Turkish Republic 4898:Kingdom of Italy 4888:; in 1922, with 4866:Benito Mussolini 4762:Tsarist monarchy 4668:colonial empires 4666:Map of European 4650:Second World War 4642:Great Depression 4499:Eastern Question 4460:balance of power 4396:Seven Years' War 4251:Battle of Vienna 4082:artists such as 3985:Age of Discovery 3748:Byzantine Empire 3740:East-West Schism 3656:Late Middle Ages 3652:High Middle Ages 3616:Late Middle Ages 3612:High Middle Ages 3582:). To the east, 3576:Duchy of Croatia 3533: 3531: 3487:Treaty of Verdun 3360:Sasanid Persians 3341:Byzantine Empire 3246: 3244: 3239: 3237: 3224: 3210: 3172:Byzantine Empire 2949:; in drama with 2772:hunter-gatherers 2745:megalithic tombs 2686:Geissenklösterle 2588: 2563: 2553: 2431: 2428: 2217:Eastern Orthodox 2171:Northwest Africa 2154:Book of Jubilees 1901: 1893: 1882: 1871: 1857: 1849: 1838: 1826: 1817: 1809: 1798: 1787: 1776: 1764: 1755: 1746: 1738: 1726: 1718: 1709: 1700: 1691: 1682: 1675: 1668: 1661: 1652: 1643: 1636: 1629: 1620: 1613: 1606: 1599: 1592: 1585: 1578: 1571: 1564: 1557: 1550: 1541: 1534: 1527: 1520: 1513: 1506: 1499: 1492: 1485: 1478: 1471: 1464: 1455: 1448: 1440: 1431: 1424: 1417: 1410: 1403: 1396: 1389: 1382: 1373: 1366: 1359: 1352: 1345: 1336: 1328: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1297: 1290: 1283: 1276: 1269: 1264: 1254: 1244: 1231: 1203: 1197: 1187: 1179: 1177: 1176: 1170: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1144: 1143: 1137: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1106: 1101: 1091: 1078: 1069: 1060: 1051: 1038: 1017: 995: 989: 983: 982: 977: 972: 966: 965: 960: 954: 953: 940: 934: 813:, which allowed 716:Age of Discovery 685:Migration Period 657:European culture 639:European climate 631:world population 627:total population 592:Greater Caucasus 517: 509: 501: 485: 480: 448:Saint Petersburg 218: 217: 182: 127: 124: 117: 114: 105: 101: 93: 86: 82: 79: 73: 70:named references 62:(refs: 327, 330) 34: 33: 26: 27593: 27592: 27588: 27587: 27586: 27584: 27583: 27582: 27563: 27562: 27561: 27556: 27555: 27550: 27524: 27466: 27443: 27410: 27374: 27303: 27292:South China Sea 27201: 27144:Central America 27096: 27029: 26950: 26902:Northern Mexico 26890:Northern Canada 26875:Atlantic Canada 26830:Mountain states 26756: 26611:European Russia 26604:Southern Russia 26560: 26513:Iranian Plateau 26341: 26330:West Antarctica 26313:East Antarctica 26299: 26199: 26147: 26123:Land Hemisphere 26104: 26044: 26031: 26001: 25996: 25995: 25957: 25942: 25937: 25923:Eastern Siberia 25913:Central America 25901: 25894: 25888: 25883:Terra Australis 25850: 25834: 25828: 25824:Pangaea Proxima 25807: 25802: 25796: 25735: 25731:microcontinents 25720: 25696: 25691: 25637:East Antarctica 25585: 25580: 25574: 25523: 25519:supercontinents 25515: 25491: 25486: 25481: 25471: 25466: 25456: 25451: 25441: 25436: 25408: 25403: 25398: 25388: 25383: 25373: 25368: 25358: 25353: 25343: 25338: 25328: 25323: 25313: 25308: 25284: 25275: 25245: 25240: 25206:UKUSA Agreement 25146:Lublin Triangle 25031:Baltic Assembly 24983: 24977: 24895: 24732: 24567: 24437:Eurolinguistics 24306: 24295:Information age 24268:Interwar period 24135: 24055: 24046: 24016: 24011: 23945: 23921: 23902: 23895: 23879: 23821: 23812: 23793: 23769: 23762: 23733: 23717: 23671:Northern Europe 23666: 23635: 23596: 23565: 23529: 23485: 23480: 23450: 23445: 23418: 23406:Oceanic islands 23386: 23379:subject to the 23346: 23341:Svalbard Treaty 23339:subject to the 23321: 23314:subject to the 23294: 23292: 23290: 23275: 23230: 23199: 23174: 23171: 23163: 23149:Northern Cyprus 23132: 23129: 23121: 23112: 23028:North Macedonia 22849: 22840: 22805: 22797: 22792: 22774: 22767: 22760: 22747: 22731:Life expectancy 22719:genetic history 22690: 22625:Classical music 22572: 22561:Bologna Process 22524:Ages of consent 22498: 22408:Budget revenues 22391: 22360: 22301: 22195: 22127: 22072: 21962: 21934: 21892:Early modernity 21846: 21837: 21807: 21803:from Wikivoyage 21797: 21792: 21790: 21780: 21775: 21773: 21763: 21758: 21756: 21746: 21741: 21739: 21736: 21732:sister projects 21729:at Knowledge's 21723: 21713: 21711: 21701: 21699: 21691: 21671:Historical Maps 21645: 21604: 21594: 21573: 21552: 21530: 21511: 21477: 21472: 21471: 21461: 21459: 21457:Merriam-Webster 21451: 21450: 21446: 21436: 21434: 21426: 21425: 21421: 21414:Wayback Machine 21402:Wayback Machine 21391:Wayback Machine 21378:Wayback Machine 21364:Wayback Machine 21351: 21347: 21337: 21335: 21321: 21317: 21306: 21304: 21295: 21289:Wayback Machine 21276:Wayback Machine 21263:Wayback Machine 21250:Wayback Machine 21232: 21230: 21229:on 23 July 2013 21223:"Member States" 21221: 21215:Wayback Machine 21202:Wayback Machine 21189:Wayback Machine 21176:Wayback Machine 21163:Wayback Machine 21145: 21143: 21134: 21123: 21121: 21112: 21108: 21104: 21097:Wayback Machine 21085:Wayback Machine 21074:Wayback Machine 21061:Wayback Machine 21047:Wayback Machine 21034: 21030: 21020: 21018: 21014: 21003: 20997: 20993: 20980: 20979: 20975: 20968: 20954: 20950: 20944:Wayback Machine 20931: 20927: 20917: 20915: 20902: 20901: 20897: 20887: 20885: 20872: 20871: 20867: 20857: 20855: 20851: 20840: 20836: 20835: 20828: 20818: 20816: 20806: 20802: 20792: 20790: 20780: 20776: 20741: 20737: 20727: 20723: 20713: 20711: 20701: 20694: 20684: 20682: 20665: 20658: 20648: 20646: 20636: 20632: 20622: 20608: 20604: 20597: 20583: 20579: 20572: 20558: 20554: 20546: 20539: 20535: 20534: 20530: 20520: 20518: 20505: 20504: 20500: 20494:Wayback Machine 20485: 20481: 20467: 20465: 20430: 20426: 20416: 20414: 20413:on 7 April 2016 20405: 20404: 20400: 20390:Wayback Machine 20380: 20376: 20347: 20343: 20333: 20331: 20312: 20308: 20298: 20296: 20292: 20285: 20281: 20280: 20276: 20266: 20264: 20248: 20244: 20234: 20232: 20226: 20225: 20218: 20208: 20206: 20197: 20196: 20192: 20182: 20180: 20170: 20156: 20155: 20151: 20145:Wayback Machine 20131: 20127: 20121:Wayback Machine 20112: 20108: 20098: 20096: 20087: 20086: 20082: 20069: 20068: 20064: 20052: 20046: 20045: 20041: 20028: 20027: 20023: 20010: 20009: 20005: 19995: 19993: 19988: 19987: 19983: 19977:Wayback Machine 19968: 19964: 19954:Wayback Machine 19945: 19941: 19931: 19929: 19920:Lauren Frayer. 19918: 19914: 19904: 19902: 19887: 19883: 19873: 19871: 19854: 19850: 19844:Wayback Machine 19835: 19831: 19818: 19817: 19813: 19803: 19801: 19788: 19787: 19783: 19773: 19771: 19764:"Marshall Plan" 19762: 19761: 19757: 19752:Wayback Machine 19742: 19738: 19729: 19725: 19716: 19712: 19705: 19691: 19687: 19678: 19674: 19664: 19662: 19651: 19647: 19636: 19632: 19623:Wayback Machine 19614: 19610: 19600: 19598: 19594: 19593: 19574: 19564: 19562: 19558: 19557: 19553: 19546: 19542: 19535: 19531: 19518: 19517: 19513: 19503:Wayback Machine 19493: 19489: 19479: 19477: 19464: 19463: 19459: 19449: 19447: 19434: 19433: 19429: 19423: 19419: 19409: 19407: 19398: 19397: 19393: 19383: 19381: 19374:"Bloomberg.com" 19370: 19366: 19356: 19354: 19349: 19348: 19344: 19337: 19333: 19325: 19321: 19282: 19278: 19268: 19266: 19251: 19247: 19237: 19235: 19226: 19225: 19221: 19211: 19209: 19208:on 24 June 2008 19205: 19198: 19194: 19193: 19189: 19179: 19177: 19168: 19167: 19163: 19153: 19151: 19142: 19141: 19137: 19127: 19125: 19110: 19109: 19098: 19088: 19086: 19076: 19072: 19067: 19063: 19053: 19051: 19043: 19042: 19038: 19028: 19026: 19017: 19016: 19012: 19002: 19000: 18990: 18986: 18981: 18977: 18932:Scientific Data 18920: 18916: 18911: 18907: 18897: 18895: 18882: 18881: 18874: 18868:Wayback Machine 18859: 18855: 18845: 18843: 18826: 18822: 18812: 18810: 18795: 18794: 18790: 18780: 18778: 18763: 18762: 18758: 18748: 18746: 18733: 18732: 18728: 18723: 18719: 18714: 18710: 18705: 18701: 18691: 18689: 18674: 18673: 18669: 18664: 18660: 18655: 18651: 18646: 18642: 18637: 18633: 18628: 18624: 18619: 18615: 18610: 18606: 18600:Wayback Machine 18591: 18587: 18582: 18578: 18573: 18569: 18564: 18560: 18555: 18551: 18512: 18508: 18495: 18491: 18481: 18479: 18464: 18460: 18450: 18448: 18437: 18436: 18432: 18422: 18420: 18407: 18406: 18402: 18391:Wayback Machine 18380: 18376: 18366:Wayback Machine 18356: 18352: 18344: 18340: 18332: 18328: 18320: 18316: 18308: 18304: 18296: 18292: 18282: 18280: 18269: 18265: 18258: 18244: 18240: 18235: 18231: 18221: 18219: 18206: 18205: 18201: 18193: 18189: 18182: 18166: 18159: 18149: 18147: 18143: 18132: 18128: 18127: 18123: 18113: 18111: 18107: 18096: 18092: 18091: 18087: 18077: 18075: 18071: 18064: 18060: 18059: 18055: 18045: 18043: 18039: 18026: 18022: 18021: 18017: 18007: 18005: 17992: 17988: 17981: 17959: 17955: 17945: 17943: 17936: 17920: 17916: 17910:Wayback Machine 17900: 17896: 17886: 17884: 17877: 17861: 17857: 17849: 17845: 17838: 17824: 17820: 17815: 17811: 17801: 17799: 17790: 17789: 17785: 17777: 17773: 17768: 17764: 17754: 17752: 17743: 17742: 17738: 17733:Wayback Machine 17723: 17719: 17709: 17707: 17703: 17690: 17684: 17680: 17670:Wayback Machine 17661: 17657: 17651:Wayback Machine 17641: 17637: 17627:Wayback Machine 17618: 17614: 17603: 17599: 17589:Wayback Machine 17580: 17576: 17569: 17555: 17551: 17544: 17526: 17522: 17512:Wayback Machine 17504: 17500: 17493: 17475: 17471: 17466: 17462: 17457: 17453: 17448: 17444: 17437: 17423: 17419: 17412: 17394: 17390: 17383: 17369: 17365: 17360: 17356: 17349: 17326: 17322: 17317: 17313: 17306: 17288: 17284: 17277: 17259: 17255: 17240:10.2307/2144276 17224: 17220: 17210: 17208: 17197: 17193: 17183: 17181: 17174: 17158: 17154: 17139:Wayback Machine 17128: 17124: 17114: 17112: 17105: 17089:Lukowski, Jerzy 17086: 17082: 17072: 17070: 17063: 17044: 17040: 17026:Wayback Machine 17015: 17011: 17001: 16999: 16990: 16989: 16985: 16980: 16976: 16971: 16967: 16961:Wayback Machine 16952: 16948: 16937: 16933: 16923: 16921: 16908: 16907: 16903: 16898: 16894: 16883: 16879: 16870: 16866: 16857: 16853: 16837: 16833: 16828: 16824: 16819: 16815: 16810: 16806: 16799: 16783: 16779: 16774: 16770: 16759: 16755: 16750: 16746: 16735: 16731: 16715: 16711: 16706: 16702: 16695: 16676: 16672: 16653: 16649: 16631:Wayback Machine 16620: 16613: 16603: 16601: 16586: 16582: 16572: 16570: 16561: 16560: 16556: 16551: 16547: 16537: 16535: 16522: 16521: 16517: 16511:Wayback Machine 16502: 16498: 16490: 16486: 16481:Wayback Machine 16467:Don O'Reilly. " 16466: 16462: 16441: 16437: 16431:Wayback Machine 16422: 16418: 16406: 16402: 16392: 16390: 16381: 16380: 16376: 16364:Wayback Machine 16354: 16350: 16340: 16338: 16329: 16328: 16324: 16314: 16312: 16305: 16289: 16285: 16271: 16269: 16258: 16257: 16253: 16240: 16238: 16236: 16218: 16214: 16209: 16205: 16191: 16189: 16182: 16166: 16162: 16149: 16147: 16140: 16124: 16120: 16106: 16104: 16097: 16081: 16077: 16063: 16061: 16054: 16046:. Salem Press. 16038: 16034: 16021: 16019: 16012: 15996: 15992: 15979: 15977: 15970: 15954: 15950: 15937: 15935: 15933: 15911: 15907: 15893: 15891: 15884: 15868: 15864: 15851: 15849: 15842: 15826: 15822: 15810: 15806: 15801: 15797: 15792: 15788: 15783: 15779: 15774: 15767: 15758: 15754: 15738: 15734: 15729: 15725: 15717: 15713: 15705: 15701: 15696: 15692: 15687: 15683: 15678: 15674: 15665: 15661: 15643: 15639: 15634: 15630: 15618: 15614: 15606: 15602: 15590: 15586: 15576: 15574: 15567: 15551: 15547: 15537: 15535: 15528: 15512: 15508: 15492: 15488: 15483: 15479: 15468: 15461: 15451: 15449: 15442: 15426: 15422: 15409: 15405: 15398: 15381: 15377: 15370: 15349: 15345: 15340: 15336: 15329: 15315: 15311: 15301: 15299: 15292: 15276: 15267: 15257: 15255: 15248: 15232: 15228: 15218: 15216: 15207: 15206: 15202: 15189: 15188: 15184: 15169: 15165: 15152: 15151: 15147: 15073: 15066: 15059: 15038: 15034: 15018: 15014: 15007: 14989:Fagan, Brian M. 14982: 14978: 14968: 14966: 14959: 14943: 14939: 14895: 14891: 14830: 14826: 14773: 14769: 14764: 14760: 14743: 14742: 14738: 14728: 14726: 14711: 14707: 14694:Wayback Machine 14685: 14681: 14644:(5578): 85–89. 14630: 14626: 14616: 14614: 14601: 14600: 14596: 14586: 14584: 14571: 14570: 14566: 14511: 14504: 14496: 14492: 14475: 14471: 14464: 14450: 14446: 14439: 14425: 14421: 14406: 14402: 14392: 14390: 14381: 14380: 14376: 14362: 14358: 14351:(1854); review 14341:Wayback Machine 14331: 14327: 14323:, vol. 3 (1773) 14318: 14314: 14301: 14300: 14296: 14286: 14284: 14277: 14261: 14257: 14246: 14242: 14232: 14230: 14226: 14219: 14213:J. G. A. Pocock 14210: 14206: 14201: 14197: 14190: 14176: 14172: 14160: 14156: 14146: 14144: 14137: 14111:J. G. A. Pocock 14108: 14101: 14089:Wayback Machine 14074: 14070: 14064:Wayback Machine 14042: 14038: 14029: 14025: 14018: 14004: 14000: 13992: 13988: 13984:Herodotus, 4:45 13983: 13979: 13962: 13958: 13948: 13946: 13937: 13936: 13932: 13916:Wayback Machine 13904: 13900: 13890: 13888: 13879: 13878: 13874: 13864: 13862: 13849: 13848: 13841: 13806:Foreign Affairs 13802: 13798: 13790: 13774: 13770: 13758:Wayback Machine 13749: 13745: 13735: 13733: 13729: 13690: 13684: 13677: 13667: 13665: 13652: 13651: 13647: 13637: 13635: 13622: 13618: 13608: 13606: 13599: 13583: 13579: 13569: 13567: 13560: 13544: 13537: 13527: 13525: 13516: 13515: 13511: 13502: 13501: 13497: 13487: 13485: 13481: 13474: 13470: 13469: 13465: 13455: 13453: 13440: 13439: 13432: 13427: 13420: 13407: 13405: 13398: 13382: 13378: 13370: 13366: 13358: 13342: 13341: 13337: 13327: 13325: 13317: 13316: 13312: 13302: 13300: 13291: 13290: 13286: 13276: 13274: 13270: 13266:. Demographia. 13263: 13259: 13258: 13254: 13244: 13242: 13238: 13231: 13225: 13208: 13198: 13196: 13183: 13182: 13178: 13168: 13166: 13157: 13156: 13152: 13142: 13140: 13131: 13130: 13126: 13116: 13114: 13105: 13104: 13100: 13090: 13088: 13080: 13076: 13075: 13066: 13056: 13054: 13045: 13044: 13035: 13025: 13023: 13010: 13009: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12992: 12986: 12983: 12974:or that of the 12957: 12954: 12944: 12941: 12916: 12913: 12900: 12897: 12880: 12877: 12849: 12846: 12829: 12826: 12816: 12813: 12800: 12797: 12763: 12760: 12755:and the region 12735: 12732: 12719: 12716: 12699: 12696: 12659: 12656: 12638: 12635: 12617: 12614: 12596: 12593: 12590:Northern Cyprus 12569: 12566: 12551:Channel Islands 12522: 12519: 12501: 12498: 12478: 12474: 12469: 12420:Flags of Europe 12379: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12357:precarious work 12344: 12339: 12338: 12332:Sport in Europe 12309: 12306:Sport in Europe 12301: 12257:Latin (Romance) 12206: 12196: 12190: 12185: 12184: 12183: 12182: 12181: 12176: 12168: 12167: 12162: 12154: 12153: 12148: 12140: 12139: 12134: 12125: 12124: 12053: 12047: 11856: 11855: 11854: 11853: 11849: 11847: 11843: 11841: 11833: 11831: 11823: 11821: 11813: 11811: 11803: 11801: 11793: 11777: 11771: 11677:Karachay-Balkar 11562:Scottish Gaelic 11490: 11473: 11467: 11360: 11352:Main articles: 11350: 11338: 11332: 11326: 11306:fertility rates 11263: 11249: 11243: 11110:Spanish miracle 11056: 11033: 11031: 11009: 11007: 10985: 10983: 10961: 10959: 10937: 10935: 10913: 10911: 10888: 10886: 10885: 10863: 10861: 10839: 10837: 10815: 10813: 10789: 10787: 10786: 10769: 10734: 10732: 10710: 10708: 10686: 10684: 10662: 10660: 10638: 10636: 10614: 10612: 10590: 10588: 10566: 10564: 10541: 10539: 10538: 10516: 10514: 10490: 10488: 10487: 10470: 10315: 10314: 10313: 10305: 10304: 10303: 10293: 10292: 10291: 10283: 10282: 10281: 10271: 10270: 10269: 10261: 10260: 10259: 10250: 10247: 10240: 10228:Main articles: 10226: 10193: 10158: 10118: 10078: 10038: 9998: 9958: 9917: 9877: 9864: 9861: 9850: 9843: 9740: 9703: 9671:Northern Cyprus 9661: 9624: 9587: 9569: 9563: 9556: 9461: 9449:United Kingdom 9421: 9370: 9326: 9269: 9224: 9179: 9134: 9089: 9039: 8995: 8944: 8899: 8854: 8809: 8753: 8712:North Macedonia 8702: 8657: 8607: 8563: 8519: 8474: 8442:Luxembourg City 8417: 8372: 8328: 8283: 8232: 8187: 8136: 8092: 8047: 7995: 7950: 7899: 7854: 7803: 7758: 7713: 7668: 7611: 7566: 7514: 7464: 7407: 7356: 7312: 7267: 7216: 7172: 7128: 7105: 7102: 7097: 7090: 7050: 7042:Main articles: 7040: 7005:Baltic Assembly 6944:Napoleonic Wars 6940: 6939: 6938: 6937: 6906: 6902: 6830: 6825: 6807: 6799:Main articles: 6797: 6783:Bern Convention 6595: 6593:Fauna of Europe 6589: 6422: 6363:Southern Europe 6357:to the rolling 6280: 6272:Main articles: 6270: 6265: 6264: 6229:extreme weather 6189: 6181: 5902:Isles of Scilly 5619: 5614: 5609: 5508: 5507: 5499: 5498: 5490: 5489: 5481: 5480: 5479: 5471: 5470: 5462: 5461: 5453: 5452: 5444: 5443: 5442: 5432: 5426: 5362: 5356: 5161:Berlin blockade 5086:Battle of Kursk 5024:attacked France 4969:Slovak Republic 4882:Weimar Republic 4793:Austria-Hungary 4750:First World War 4727:Austria-Hungary 4683:Gavrilo Princip 4660: 4646:Interwar period 4634: 4626:Main articles: 4624: 4515:Habsburg Empire 4436:Napoleonic rule 4428:Napoleonic Wars 4416:reign of terror 4381: 4367: 4361: 4309:Crimean Khanate 4028:classical Greek 3987: 3969: 3963: 3824:The sacking of 3658:until c. 1500. 3628: 3622: 3610:Main articles: 3608: 3534:. The powerful 3528: 3436:Umayyad dynasty 3418:regions in the 3250: 3249: 3248: 3247: 3242: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3227: 3226: 3225: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3200: 3190: 3182:Main articles: 3180: 3116:Marcus Aurelius 3100:proclaimed the 2867: 2857: 2851: 2733:Cardial culture 2662:Neanderthal man 2569: 2561: 2559: 2551: 2549: 2539: 2533: 2528: 2522: 2478:, and then the 2476:Mugodzhar Hills 2441:Volga–Don Canal 2429: 2425:was identified 2392:Peter the Great 2371:drainage divide 2333:Volga–Don Canal 2305:Turkish Straits 2270: 2260: 2087: 2082: 2076: 1994:British English 1960:– Asia to Sem ( 1906: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1657: 1654: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1258: 1250: 1240: 1236: 1227: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1171: 1153: 1138: 921:Greek mythology 890: 882: 751:Napoleonic Wars 633:) in 2021; the 600:Bosporus Strait 521: 483: 482: 478: 467: 384: 306: 282: 254: 176: 129: 128: 125: 118: 94: 83: 77: 74: 67: 66: 63: 56: 49: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 27591: 27581: 27580: 27575: 27558: 27557: 27552: 27551: 27549: 27548: 27546:Physical Earth 27529: 27526: 27525: 27523: 27522: 27517: 27512: 27507: 27502: 27497: 27492: 27487: 27482: 27476: 27474: 27468: 27467: 27465: 27464: 27459: 27453: 27451: 27445: 27444: 27442: 27441: 27436: 27431: 27426: 27420: 27418: 27412: 27411: 27409: 27408: 27403: 27398: 27397: 27396: 27385: 27383: 27376: 27375: 27373: 27372: 27367: 27366: 27365: 27360: 27358:Mariana Trench 27355: 27345: 27340: 27338:Atlantic Ocean 27335: 27330: 27329: 27328: 27317: 27315: 27309: 27308: 27305: 27304: 27302: 27301: 27299:Southern Ocean 27296: 27295: 27294: 27289: 27287:East China Sea 27279: 27278: 27277: 27267: 27266: 27265: 27264: 27263: 27258: 27253: 27243: 27238: 27233: 27228: 27221:Atlantic Ocean 27218: 27212: 27210: 27203: 27202: 27200: 27199: 27198: 27197: 27192: 27182: 27181: 27180: 27175: 27165: 27160: 27155: 27154: 27153: 27148: 27147: 27146: 27141: 27126: 27120: 27118: 27108: 27102: 27101: 27098: 27097: 27095: 27094: 27093: 27092: 27082: 27077: 27072: 27067: 27062: 27057: 27056: 27055: 27050: 27039: 27037: 27031: 27030: 27028: 27027: 27025:Remote Oceania 27022: 27017: 27012: 27007: 27006: 27005: 26995: 26994: 26993: 26988: 26987: 26986: 26981: 26976: 26960: 26958: 26952: 26951: 26949: 26948: 26943: 26942: 26941: 26940: 26939: 26934: 26919: 26914: 26909: 26904: 26899: 26898: 26897: 26895:Western Canada 26892: 26887: 26885:Eastern Canada 26882: 26877: 26872: 26867: 26862: 26857: 26852: 26847: 26842: 26837: 26832: 26827: 26822: 26817: 26812: 26807: 26802: 26792: 26787: 26782: 26777: 26772: 26766: 26764: 26758: 26757: 26755: 26754: 26749: 26744: 26739: 26734: 26733: 26732: 26727: 26722: 26712: 26711: 26710: 26709: 26708: 26698: 26697: 26696: 26686: 26685: 26684: 26674: 26669: 26659: 26658: 26657: 26656: 26655: 26645: 26640: 26635: 26630: 26620: 26619: 26618: 26613: 26608: 26607: 26606: 26601: 26599:South Caucasus 26596: 26594:North Caucasus 26586: 26576: 26570: 26568: 26562: 26561: 26559: 26558: 26557: 26556: 26555: 26554: 26549: 26544: 26534: 26533: 26532: 26527: 26517: 26516: 26515: 26505: 26504: 26503: 26501:South Caucasus 26493: 26483: 26482: 26481: 26476: 26471: 26461: 26460: 26459: 26454: 26444: 26439: 26438: 26437: 26432: 26422: 26421: 26420: 26419: 26418: 26403: 26402: 26401: 26396: 26395: 26394: 26379: 26378: 26377: 26372: 26370:Aralkum Desert 26367: 26357: 26351: 26349: 26343: 26342: 26340: 26339: 26338: 26337: 26327: 26322: 26321: 26320: 26309: 26307: 26301: 26300: 26298: 26297: 26296: 26295: 26290: 26285: 26284: 26283: 26278: 26268: 26258: 26257: 26256: 26255: 26254: 26249: 26244: 26239: 26224: 26218: 26216: 26207: 26201: 26200: 26198: 26197: 26196: 26195: 26185: 26180: 26175: 26170: 26169: 26168: 26161:Africa-Eurasia 26157: 26155: 26149: 26148: 26146: 26145: 26140: 26135: 26130: 26125: 26120: 26114: 26112: 26106: 26105: 26103: 26102: 26101: 26100: 26095: 26090: 26085: 26075: 26070: 26065: 26060: 26054: 26052: 26046: 26045: 26030: 26029: 26022: 26015: 26007: 25998: 25997: 25994: 25993: 25988: 25978: 25973: 25968: 25952: 25951: 25948: 25947: 25944: 25943: 25939: 25938: 25936: 25935: 25930: 25925: 25920: 25918:Eastern Africa 25915: 25910: 25905: 25891: 25889: 25887: 25886: 25879: 25874: 25869: 25864: 25859: 25854: 25831: 25829: 25827: 25826: 25821: 25816: 25811: 25799: 25797: 25795: 25794: 25789: 25784: 25779: 25774: 25769: 25764: 25759: 25754: 25749: 25744: 25739: 25717: 25715: 25709: 25702: 25701: 25698: 25697: 25693: 25692: 25690: 25689: 25684: 25679: 25674: 25669: 25664: 25659: 25654: 25649: 25644: 25639: 25634: 25629: 25624: 25619: 25614: 25609: 25604: 25599: 25594: 25589: 25577: 25575: 25573: 25572: 25567: 25562: 25557: 25552: 25547: 25542: 25537: 25532: 25527: 25512: 25510: 25504: 25497: 25496: 25493: 25492: 25488: 25487: 25474: 25472: 25459: 25457: 25444: 25442: 25429: 25427: 25421: 25414: 25413: 25410: 25409: 25405: 25404: 25391: 25389: 25376: 25374: 25361: 25359: 25346: 25344: 25331: 25329: 25316: 25314: 25301: 25299: 25293: 25286: 25285: 25274: 25273: 25266: 25259: 25251: 25242: 25241: 25239: 25238: 25236:Westernization 25233: 25228: 25223: 25218: 25216:Visegrád Group 25213: 25208: 25203: 25198: 25193: 25188: 25183: 25178: 25173: 25168: 25163: 25158: 25156:Nordic Council 25153: 25148: 25143: 25138: 25133: 25128: 25123: 25118: 25113: 25108: 25103: 25098: 25093: 25088: 25083: 25078: 25073: 25068: 25063: 25058: 25053: 25051:Bucharest Nine 25048: 25043: 25038: 25033: 25028: 25023: 25018: 25016:Arctic Council 25013: 25008: 25003: 24998: 24993: 24987: 24985: 24979: 24978: 24976: 24975: 24970: 24965: 24964: 24963: 24958: 24953: 24948: 24943: 24938: 24928: 24923: 24922: 24921: 24911: 24905: 24903: 24897: 24896: 24894: 24893: 24888: 24883: 24882: 24881: 24876: 24871: 24866: 24861: 24860: 24859: 24854: 24849: 24844: 24834: 24829: 24824: 24814: 24813: 24812: 24811: 24810: 24800: 24799: 24798: 24793: 24792: 24791: 24781: 24780: 24779: 24769: 24768: 24767: 24742: 24740: 24734: 24733: 24731: 24730: 24729: 24728: 24718: 24713: 24708: 24707: 24706: 24694: 24693: 24692: 24682: 24677: 24672: 24667: 24662: 24657: 24652: 24651: 24650: 24645: 24635: 24634: 24633: 24626:Existentialism 24623: 24618: 24613: 24608: 24603: 24598: 24593: 24588: 24583: 24577: 24575: 24569: 24568: 24566: 24565: 24564: 24563: 24558: 24553: 24548: 24538: 24537: 24536: 24526: 24525: 24524: 24519: 24509: 24508: 24507: 24497: 24492: 24491: 24490: 24485: 24480: 24470: 24469: 24468: 24458: 24457: 24456: 24446: 24445: 24444: 24439: 24429: 24424: 24419: 24414: 24413: 24412: 24402: 24397: 24396: 24395: 24385: 24384: 24383: 24373: 24372: 24371: 24361: 24356: 24355: 24354: 24344: 24339: 24338: 24337: 24332: 24327: 24316: 24314: 24308: 24307: 24305: 24304: 24303: 24302: 24297: 24287: 24286: 24285: 24280: 24275: 24270: 24265: 24260: 24255: 24250: 24245: 24240: 24235: 24230: 24225: 24220: 24215: 24210: 24205: 24200: 24190: 24185: 24184: 24183: 24178: 24173: 24163: 24162: 24161: 24159:Late antiquity 24151: 24145: 24143: 24137: 24136: 24134: 24133: 24128: 24123: 24118: 24113: 24112: 24111: 24110: 24109: 24104: 24094: 24089: 24084: 24074: 24069: 24063: 24061: 24057: 24056: 24045: 24044: 24037: 24030: 24022: 24013: 24012: 24010: 24009: 24004: 23999: 23994: 23989: 23984: 23979: 23974: 23969: 23964: 23959: 23953: 23951: 23947: 23946: 23944: 23943: 23938: 23933: 23928: 23927: 23926: 23914: 23909: 23908: 23907: 23900: 23887: 23885: 23884:Western Europe 23881: 23880: 23878: 23877: 23876: 23875: 23870: 23865: 23860: 23855: 23845: 23840: 23835: 23829: 23827: 23823: 23822: 23820: 23819: 23818: 23817: 23805: 23800: 23799: 23798: 23786: 23781: 23776: 23775: 23774: 23767: 23764:Greek Cypriots 23755: 23750: 23745: 23740: 23739: 23738: 23725: 23723: 23719: 23718: 23716: 23715: 23710: 23705: 23700: 23695: 23690: 23685: 23680: 23674: 23672: 23668: 23667: 23665: 23664: 23659: 23654: 23652:Crimean Tatars 23649: 23643: 23641: 23640:Eastern Europe 23637: 23636: 23634: 23633: 23628: 23623: 23618: 23613: 23608: 23603: 23602: 23601: 23589: 23584: 23579: 23573: 23571: 23570:Central Europe 23567: 23566: 23564: 23563: 23558: 23553: 23548: 23543: 23537: 23535: 23531: 23530: 23528: 23527: 23522: 23517: 23512: 23507: 23502: 23496: 23494: 23487: 23486: 23479: 23478: 23471: 23464: 23456: 23447: 23446: 23444: 23443: 23431: 23417: 23416: 23409: 23403: 23400: 23396: 23395: 23392: 23391: 23388: 23387: 23385: 23384: 23370: 23365: 23360: 23354: 23352: 23351:United Kingdom 23348: 23347: 23345: 23344: 23329: 23327: 23323: 23322: 23320: 23319: 23304: 23302: 23295: 23288: 23285: 23284: 23281: 23280: 23277: 23276: 23274: 23273: 23268: 23263: 23262: 23261: 23256: 23251: 23240: 23238: 23232: 23231: 23229: 23228: 23218: 23211: 23205: 23204:United Kingdom 23201: 23200: 23198: 23197: 23196: 23195: 23184: 23182: 23175: 23168: 23165: 23164: 23162: 23161: 23156: 23151: 23146: 23141: 23135: 23133: 23126: 23123: 23122: 23115: 23113: 23111: 23110: 23105: 23103:United Kingdom 23100: 23095: 23090: 23085: 23080: 23075: 23070: 23065: 23060: 23055: 23050: 23045: 23040: 23035: 23030: 23025: 23020: 23015: 23010: 23005: 23000: 22995: 22990: 22985: 22980: 22975: 22970: 22965: 22960: 22955: 22950: 22945: 22940: 22935: 22930: 22925: 22920: 22918:Czech Republic 22915: 22910: 22905: 22900: 22895: 22890: 22885: 22880: 22875: 22870: 22865: 22859: 22857: 22851: 22850: 22839: 22838: 22831: 22824: 22816: 22810: 22807: 22806: 22794: 22793: 22791: 22790: 22785: 22780: 22773: 22772: 22765: 22757: 22756: 22753: 22752: 22749: 22748: 22746: 22745: 22740: 22739: 22738: 22728: 22723: 22722: 22721: 22711: 22706: 22700: 22698: 22692: 22691: 22689: 22688: 22674: 22669: 22668: 22667: 22662: 22657: 22647: 22642: 22637: 22632: 22627: 22622: 22621: 22620: 22618:film festivals 22610: 22605: 22600: 22599: 22598: 22593: 22582: 22580: 22574: 22573: 22571: 22570: 22569: 22568: 22563: 22553: 22548: 22547: 22546: 22536: 22531: 22526: 22520: 22514: 22508: 22507: 22504: 22503: 22500: 22499: 22497: 22496: 22491: 22486: 22481: 22476: 22471: 22466: 22461: 22456: 22451: 22446: 22441: 22440: 22439: 22429: 22428: 22427: 22417: 22416: 22415: 22405: 22399: 22397: 22393: 22392: 22390: 22389: 22384: 22379: 22374: 22368: 22366: 22362: 22361: 22359: 22358: 22353: 22348: 22343: 22338: 22333: 22327: 22317: 22311: 22310: 22307: 22306: 22303: 22302: 22300: 22299: 22294: 22293: 22292: 22282: 22277: 22276: 22275: 22265: 22260: 22255: 22250: 22249: 22248: 22243: 22233: 22228: 22223: 22222: 22221: 22216: 22205: 22203: 22201:European Union 22197: 22196: 22194: 22193: 22188: 22187: 22186: 22176: 22171: 22166: 22161: 22156: 22151: 22146: 22141: 22135: 22133: 22129: 22128: 22126: 22125: 22120: 22115: 22110: 22105: 22100: 22094: 22084: 22078: 22077: 22074: 22073: 22071: 22070: 22065: 22064: 22063: 22053: 22048: 22043: 22038: 22033: 22028: 22023: 22021:Extreme points 22018: 22016:Climate change 22013: 22008: 22003: 21998: 21997: 21996: 21986: 21980: 21974: 21968: 21967: 21964: 21963: 21961: 21960: 21959: 21958: 21948: 21942: 21940: 21936: 21935: 21933: 21932: 21927: 21914: 21909: 21904: 21899: 21894: 21889: 21884: 21882:Late antiquity 21879: 21874: 21869: 21863: 21861: 21854: 21848: 21847: 21836: 21835: 21828: 21821: 21813: 21806: 21805: 21788: 21786:from Wikiquote 21771: 21754: 21725: 21722: 21721: 21709: 21689: 21688: 21683: 21668: 21667: 21659: 21648:"Europe" 21643: 21634: 21625: 21614: 21603: 21602:External links 21600: 21599: 21598: 21592: 21577: 21571: 21556: 21550: 21534: 21528: 21515: 21509: 21496: 21476: 21473: 21470: 21469: 21444: 21419: 21345: 21315: 21293:the World Bank 21102: 21028: 20991: 20973: 20966: 20948: 20933:Hilaire Belloc 20925: 20895: 20865: 20845:United Nations 20826: 20800: 20774: 20735: 20721: 20692: 20656: 20630: 20620: 20602: 20595: 20577: 20571:978-0521676519 20570: 20552: 20528: 20498: 20479: 20424: 20398: 20374: 20341: 20330:on 17 May 2008 20306: 20295:on 6 July 2011 20274: 20242: 20216: 20205:on 9 June 2008 20190: 20168: 20149: 20125: 20106: 20095:on 19 May 2008 20080: 20062: 20057:United Nations 20039: 20021: 20003: 19981: 19962: 19939: 19912: 19881: 19863:Spiegel Online 19848: 19829: 19811: 19781: 19755: 19736: 19723: 19710: 19703: 19685: 19672: 19645: 19630: 19608: 19572: 19551: 19540: 19529: 19511: 19487: 19457: 19446:on 4 June 2011 19427: 19417: 19406:on 20 May 2011 19391: 19364: 19342: 19331: 19319: 19292:(4): 390–398. 19276: 19245: 19219: 19187: 19161: 19135: 19096: 19070: 19061: 19036: 19025:. 14 June 2023 19023:public.wmo.int 19010: 18984: 18975: 18914: 18905: 18872: 18853: 18820: 18802:British Future 18788: 18756: 18726: 18717: 18708: 18699: 18667: 18658: 18649: 18640: 18631: 18622: 18613: 18604: 18585: 18576: 18567: 18558: 18549: 18522:(2): 151–178. 18506: 18504:. 9 July 1979. 18489: 18458: 18430: 18415:. 9 May 2005. 18400: 18374: 18350: 18338: 18326: 18314: 18302: 18290: 18263: 18256: 18238: 18229: 18199: 18187: 18180: 18157: 18137:New York Times 18121: 18101:New York Times 18085: 18053: 18015: 17986: 17979: 17953: 17934: 17914: 17894: 17875: 17855: 17843: 17837:978-0300204896 17836: 17818: 17809: 17798:on 12 May 2008 17783: 17771: 17762: 17736: 17717: 17678: 17674:Migration News 17655: 17635: 17612: 17597: 17574: 17567: 17549: 17542: 17520: 17518:, Historyworld 17498: 17491: 17469: 17460: 17451: 17442: 17435: 17417: 17410: 17388: 17381: 17363: 17354: 17347: 17320: 17311: 17304: 17282: 17275: 17263:Wokler, Robert 17261:Goldie, Mark; 17253: 17218: 17191: 17172: 17152: 17122: 17104:978-1317886945 17103: 17080: 17062:978-0521544023 17061: 17038: 17009: 16983: 16974: 16965: 16946: 16931: 16901: 16892: 16889:. p. 221. 16885:Kamen, Henry. 16877: 16864: 16851: 16831: 16822: 16813: 16804: 16797: 16777: 16768: 16753: 16744: 16729: 16709: 16700: 16693: 16670: 16655:Weiss, Roberto 16647: 16611: 16580: 16554: 16545: 16515: 16496: 16484: 16460: 16435: 16416: 16400: 16389:on 7 June 2008 16374: 16348: 16322: 16303: 16283: 16251: 16234: 16212: 16203: 16180: 16160: 16138: 16118: 16095: 16075: 16052: 16032: 16010: 15990: 15968: 15948: 15931: 15905: 15882: 15862: 15840: 15820: 15818:, p. 124. 15804: 15795: 15786: 15777: 15765: 15759:G. Benvenuti, 15752: 15732: 15723: 15711: 15709:, p. 250. 15699: 15690: 15681: 15672: 15659: 15637: 15628: 15612: 15600: 15598:, p. 124. 15584: 15565: 15545: 15526: 15506: 15486: 15477: 15459: 15440: 15420: 15403: 15396: 15375: 15368: 15343: 15334: 15327: 15309: 15290: 15265: 15246: 15226: 15200: 15182: 15163: 15160:. 1 July 2020. 15145: 15064: 15057: 15032: 15012: 15005: 14976: 14957: 14937: 14910:(2): 286–299. 14896:42.7–41.5 ka ( 14889: 14824: 14787:(7916): 1035. 14767: 14758: 14736: 14705: 14679: 14624: 14594: 14564: 14502: 14490: 14469: 14462: 14444: 14437: 14419: 14400: 14385:(in Russian). 14374: 14356: 14325: 14312: 14294: 14275: 14255: 14240: 14204: 14195: 14188: 14170: 14154: 14136:978-0511496813 14135: 14099: 14068: 14036: 14023: 14016: 13998: 13995:Geography 11.1 13986: 13977: 13956: 13930: 13898: 13872: 13839: 13812:(4): 665–675. 13796: 13788: 13768: 13743: 13675: 13645: 13616: 13597: 13577: 13558: 13535: 13509: 13495: 13463: 13430: 13418: 13396: 13376: 13364: 13356: 13335: 13310: 13284: 13252: 13206: 13195:on 9 July 2012 13176: 13150: 13124: 13098: 13064: 13033: 13002: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12993: 12990: 12984: 12961: 12955: 12948: 12942: 12923: 12914: 12904: 12898: 12884: 12878: 12874:not recognised 12856: 12847: 12833: 12827: 12823: 12814: 12804: 12798: 12792:independence. 12767: 12761: 12739: 12733: 12723: 12717: 12709:Ural Mountains 12703: 12697: 12663: 12657: 12642: 12636: 12621: 12615: 12600: 12594: 12576: 12567: 12547:United Kingdom 12529: 12520: 12505: 12499: 12485: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12400:European Games 12397: 12392: 12386: 12385: 12384: 12368: 12365: 12343: 12340: 12310: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12222:ancient Greece 12192:Main article: 12189: 12186: 12177: 12170: 12169: 12163: 12156: 12155: 12149: 12142: 12141: 12135: 12128: 12127: 12126: 12119: 12118: 12117: 12116: 12046: 12043: 12001:United Kingdom 11908:Evangelicalism 11900:Pentecostalism 11888:Reformed faith 11848: 11842: 11832: 11822: 11812: 11802: 11792: 11786:survey by the 11780: 11779: 11778: 11773:Main article: 11770: 11767: 11469:Main article: 11466: 11463: 11415:Latin American 11349: 11346: 11328:Main article: 11325: 11322: 11298:United Nations 11245:Main article: 11242: 11239: 11149: 11148: 11074: 11073: 11061: 11060: 11055: 11052: 11049: 11048: 11045: 11042: 11029: 11025: 11024: 11021: 11018: 11005: 11001: 11000: 10997: 10994: 10981: 10977: 10976: 10973: 10970: 10957: 10953: 10952: 10949: 10946: 10933: 10929: 10928: 10925: 10922: 10909: 10905: 10904: 10901: 10898: 10895:United Kingdom 10883: 10879: 10878: 10875: 10872: 10859: 10855: 10854: 10851: 10848: 10835: 10831: 10830: 10827: 10824: 10811: 10807: 10806: 10803: 10800: 10796:European Union 10783: 10780: 10779: 10776: 10761: 10758: 10750: 10749: 10746: 10743: 10730: 10726: 10725: 10722: 10719: 10706: 10702: 10701: 10698: 10695: 10682: 10678: 10677: 10674: 10671: 10658: 10654: 10653: 10650: 10647: 10634: 10630: 10629: 10626: 10623: 10610: 10606: 10605: 10602: 10599: 10586: 10582: 10581: 10578: 10575: 10562: 10558: 10557: 10554: 10551: 10548:United Kingdom 10536: 10532: 10531: 10528: 10525: 10512: 10508: 10507: 10504: 10501: 10497:European Union 10484: 10481: 10480: 10477: 10462: 10459: 10377:Central Europe 10356: 10355: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10311: 10300: 10299: 10289: 10278: 10277: 10267: 10246: 10225: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10208: 10205: 10200: 10191: 10188: 10187: 10182: 10179: 10176: 10173: 10170: 10165: 10156: 10148: 10147: 10142: 10139: 10136: 10133: 10130: 10125: 10116: 10108: 10107: 10102: 10099: 10096: 10093: 10090: 10085: 10076: 10068: 10067: 10062: 10059: 10056: 10053: 10050: 10045: 10036: 10028: 10027: 10022: 10019: 10016: 10013: 10010: 10005: 9996: 9988: 9987: 9985:St. Peter Port 9982: 9979: 9976: 9973: 9970: 9965: 9956: 9948: 9947: 9942: 9939: 9936: 9933: 9930: 9924: 9915: 9907: 9906: 9901: 9898: 9895: 9892: 9889: 9884: 9875: 9872: 9871: 9866: 9857: 9852: 9845: 9840: 9837: 9832: 9822: 9821: 9818: 9805:Canary Islands 9767: 9766: 9761: 9758: 9755: 9752: 9747: 9738: 9730: 9729: 9724: 9721: 9718: 9715: 9710: 9701: 9693: 9692: 9682: 9679: 9676: 9673: 9668: 9659: 9651: 9650: 9645: 9642: 9639: 9636: 9631: 9622: 9614: 9613: 9608: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9594: 9585: 9577: 9576: 9571: 9564: 9558: 9551: 9548: 9543: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9511: 9508: 9505: 9501: 9500: 9487: 9482: 9479: 9476: 9473: 9468: 9459: 9451: 9450: 9447: 9442: 9439: 9436: 9433: 9431:United Kingdom 9428: 9419: 9411: 9410: 9396: 9391: 9388: 9385: 9382: 9377: 9368: 9360: 9359: 9352: 9347: 9344: 9341: 9338: 9333: 9324: 9321: 9320: 9295: 9290: 9287: 9284: 9281: 9276: 9267: 9259: 9258: 9251: 9246: 9243: 9240: 9237: 9231: 9222: 9214: 9213: 9206: 9201: 9198: 9195: 9192: 9186: 9177: 9169: 9168: 9161: 9156: 9153: 9150: 9147: 9141: 9132: 9124: 9123: 9116: 9111: 9108: 9105: 9102: 9096: 9087: 9079: 9078: 9065: 9060: 9057: 9054: 9051: 9046: 9037: 9029: 9028: 9021: 9016: 9013: 9010: 9007: 9002: 8993: 8985: 8984: 8970: 8965: 8962: 8959: 8956: 8951: 8942: 8934: 8933: 8926: 8921: 8918: 8915: 8912: 8906: 8897: 8889: 8888: 8881: 8876: 8873: 8870: 8867: 8861: 8852: 8844: 8843: 8836: 8831: 8828: 8825: 8822: 8816: 8807: 8799: 8798: 8779: 8774: 8771: 8768: 8765: 8760: 8751: 8743: 8742: 8728: 8723: 8720: 8717: 8714: 8709: 8700: 8692: 8691: 8684: 8679: 8676: 8673: 8670: 8664: 8655: 8647: 8646: 8633: 8628: 8625: 8622: 8619: 8614: 8605: 8597: 8596: 8589: 8584: 8581: 8578: 8575: 8570: 8561: 8553: 8552: 8545: 8540: 8537: 8534: 8531: 8526: 8517: 8509: 8508: 8501: 8496: 8493: 8490: 8487: 8481: 8472: 8464: 8463: 8444: 8439: 8436: 8433: 8430: 8424: 8415: 8407: 8406: 8399: 8394: 8391: 8388: 8385: 8379: 8370: 8362: 8361: 8354: 8349: 8346: 8343: 8340: 8335: 8326: 8318: 8317: 8310: 8305: 8302: 8299: 8296: 8290: 8281: 8273: 8272: 8258: 8253: 8250: 8247: 8244: 8239: 8230: 8222: 8221: 8214: 8209: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8194: 8185: 8177: 8176: 8163: 8158: 8155: 8152: 8149: 8143: 8134: 8126: 8125: 8118: 8113: 8110: 8107: 8104: 8099: 8090: 8082: 8081: 8074: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8060: 8054: 8045: 8037: 8036: 8022: 8017: 8014: 8011: 8008: 8002: 7993: 7985: 7984: 7977: 7972: 7969: 7966: 7963: 7957: 7948: 7940: 7939: 7925: 7920: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7906: 7897: 7889: 7888: 7881: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7867: 7861: 7852: 7844: 7843: 7830: 7825: 7822: 7819: 7816: 7810: 7801: 7793: 7792: 7785: 7780: 7777: 7774: 7771: 7765: 7756: 7748: 7747: 7740: 7735: 7732: 7729: 7726: 7720: 7711: 7703: 7702: 7695: 7690: 7687: 7684: 7681: 7678:Czech Republic 7675: 7666: 7658: 7657: 7638: 7633: 7630: 7627: 7624: 7618: 7609: 7601: 7600: 7593: 7588: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7573: 7564: 7556: 7555: 7541: 7536: 7533: 7530: 7527: 7521: 7512: 7504: 7503: 7490: 7485: 7482: 7479: 7476: 7471: 7462: 7454: 7453: 7434: 7429: 7426: 7423: 7420: 7414: 7405: 7397: 7396: 7382: 7377: 7374: 7371: 7368: 7363: 7354: 7346: 7345: 7338: 7333: 7330: 7327: 7324: 7319: 7310: 7302: 7301: 7294: 7289: 7286: 7283: 7280: 7274: 7265: 7257: 7256: 7242: 7237: 7234: 7231: 7228: 7223: 7214: 7206: 7205: 7198: 7193: 7190: 7187: 7184: 7179: 7170: 7162: 7161: 7154: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7140: 7135: 7126: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7098: 7092: 7085: 7082: 7077: 7067: 7066: 7063: 7039: 7036: 7009:Visegrád Group 6997:Nordic Council 6978:European Union 6960:constitutional 6936: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6913: 6907: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6796: 6793: 6681:European bison 6670:Western Europe 6628:period. Today 6622:woolly mammoth 6614:European fauna 6591:Main article: 6588: 6585: 6438:national parks 6421: 6418: 6411:microcontinent 6367:Ural Mountains 6312:supercontinent 6269: 6266: 6241:European Union 6224:Climate change 6200:Climate change 6190: 6182: 6180: 6179:Climate change 6177: 6170: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6138: 6135: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6074: 6071: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6012: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5824: 5821: 5818: 5815: 5812: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5758: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5589:map for Europe 5537:Atlantic Ocean 5533:Gulf of Mexico 5476:montane forest 5428:Main article: 5425: 5422: 5420:cut them off. 5358:Main article: 5355: 5352: 5308:European Union 5288:Treaty of Rome 5194:Flag of Europe 5184:decolonisation 5155:, whereby the 5098:D-Day landings 5044:British Empire 4992:invaded Poland 4961:Czechoslovakia 4739:Ottoman Empire 4723:Central Powers 4707:United Kingdom 4687:Entente Powers 4623: 4620: 4553:ensued at the 4511:Russian Empire 4444:administration 4412:First Republic 4365:Modern history 4363:Main article: 4360: 4357: 4325:Kazakh Khanate 4317:capture slaves 4266:Union of Krewo 4214:Exsurge Domine 4191:Duchy of Milan 4156:Spanish armada 4136:Pacific Oceans 4099:Western Schism 3965:Main article: 3962: 3959: 3904:was the first 3850:Cuman-Kipchaks 3815:Ottoman Empire 3800:Fourth Crusade 3607: 3604: 3600:Volga Bulgaria 3444:Charles Martel 3414:) and largely 3229: 3228: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3205: 3204: 3203: 3202: 3201: 3184:Late Antiquity 3179: 3176: 3156:Constantinople 3112:Antoninus Pius 3094:Roman Republic 2861:Ancient Greece 2853:Main article: 2850: 2847: 2835:Iron Age Italy 2833:cities. Early 2791:Steppe herders 2688:(Germany) and 2602:United Kingdom 2560: 2550: 2535:Main article: 2532: 2529: 2524:Main article: 2521: 2518: 2485:Flora Europaea 2383:Ural Mountains 2379:Ural Mountains 2329:Kalach-na-Donu 2259: 2256: 2213:Western Church 2086: 2083: 2075: 2072: 1954:Günther Zainer 1911:Ural Mountains 1896: 1885: 1874: 1861: 1852: 1841: 1830: 1821: 1812: 1801: 1790: 1779: 1768: 1759: 1750: 1741: 1730: 1721: 1712: 1703: 1694: 1689:Greenland (Dk) 1685: 1678: 1671: 1664: 1655: 1646: 1639: 1632: 1623: 1616: 1609: 1602: 1595: 1588: 1581: 1574: 1567: 1560: 1553: 1548:Svalbard (Nor) 1544: 1537: 1530: 1523: 1516: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1488: 1481: 1474: 1467: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1434: 1427: 1420: 1413: 1406: 1399: 1392: 1385: 1376: 1369: 1362: 1355: 1348: 1339: 1332: 1321: 1314: 1307: 1300: 1293: 1286: 1279: 1272: 1265: 1229: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1209: 1206: 1188:("land of the 1162:, despite the 881: 878: 846:Western Europe 826:European Union 763:Western Europe 689:post-classical 665:ancient Greece 580:Ural Mountains 548:Atlantic Ocean 523: 522: 520: 519: 511: 503: 494: 491: 490: 476: 469: 468: 466: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 410: 404: 403:Largest cities 400: 399: 390: 386: 385: 383: 382: 380:Serbo-Croatian 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 326: 320: 316: 315: 296: 292: 291: 272: 268: 267: 262: 256: 255: 253: 252: 246: 240: 234: 227: 225: 221: 220: 212: 208: 207: 200: 199:GDP per capita 196: 195: 188: 184: 183: 174: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 147: 143: 142: 135: 131: 130: 119: 109: 108: 96: 95: 78:September 2024 65: 64: 57: 55:(refs: 23, 25) 43: 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 27590: 27579: 27576: 27574: 27571: 27570: 27568: 27547: 27543: 27539: 27531: 27530: 27527: 27521: 27518: 27516: 27513: 27511: 27508: 27506: 27503: 27501: 27498: 27496: 27493: 27491: 27488: 27486: 27483: 27481: 27478: 27477: 27475: 27473: 27469: 27463: 27460: 27458: 27455: 27454: 27452: 27450: 27446: 27440: 27437: 27435: 27432: 27430: 27427: 27425: 27422: 27421: 27419: 27417: 27413: 27407: 27404: 27402: 27399: 27395: 27392: 27391: 27390: 27387: 27386: 27384: 27382: 27377: 27371: 27368: 27364: 27361: 27359: 27356: 27354: 27351: 27350: 27349: 27348:Pacific Ocean 27346: 27344: 27341: 27339: 27336: 27334: 27331: 27327: 27324: 27323: 27322: 27319: 27318: 27316: 27314: 27310: 27300: 27297: 27293: 27290: 27288: 27285: 27284: 27283: 27282:Pacific Ocean 27280: 27276: 27273: 27272: 27271: 27268: 27262: 27259: 27257: 27254: 27252: 27249: 27248: 27247: 27244: 27242: 27239: 27237: 27236:Caribbean Sea 27234: 27232: 27229: 27227: 27224: 27223: 27222: 27219: 27217: 27214: 27213: 27211: 27209: 27204: 27196: 27193: 27191: 27188: 27187: 27186: 27183: 27179: 27178:by population 27176: 27174: 27171: 27170: 27169: 27166: 27164: 27161: 27159: 27156: 27152: 27151:South America 27149: 27145: 27142: 27140: 27137: 27136: 27135: 27134:North America 27132: 27131: 27130: 27127: 27125: 27122: 27121: 27119: 27117: 27112: 27109: 27107: 27103: 27091: 27088: 27087: 27086: 27085:Southern Cone 27083: 27081: 27078: 27076: 27073: 27071: 27068: 27066: 27063: 27061: 27060:Andean States 27058: 27054: 27051: 27049: 27046: 27045: 27044: 27041: 27040: 27038: 27036: 27035:South America 27032: 27026: 27023: 27021: 27018: 27016: 27013: 27011: 27008: 27004: 27001: 27000: 26999: 26996: 26992: 26989: 26985: 26982: 26980: 26977: 26975: 26972: 26971: 26970: 26967: 26966: 26965: 26962: 26961: 26959: 26957: 26953: 26947: 26944: 26938: 26935: 26933: 26930: 26929: 26928: 26925: 26924: 26923: 26920: 26918: 26915: 26913: 26910: 26908: 26905: 26903: 26900: 26896: 26893: 26891: 26888: 26886: 26883: 26881: 26878: 26876: 26873: 26871: 26868: 26866: 26863: 26861: 26858: 26856: 26853: 26851: 26848: 26846: 26843: 26841: 26838: 26836: 26833: 26831: 26828: 26826: 26823: 26821: 26818: 26816: 26813: 26811: 26808: 26806: 26803: 26801: 26798: 26797: 26796: 26793: 26791: 26788: 26786: 26783: 26781: 26778: 26776: 26773: 26771: 26768: 26767: 26765: 26763: 26762:North America 26759: 26753: 26750: 26748: 26745: 26743: 26740: 26738: 26735: 26731: 26728: 26726: 26725:Low Countries 26723: 26721: 26718: 26717: 26716: 26713: 26707: 26704: 26703: 26702: 26701:South-western 26699: 26695: 26692: 26691: 26690: 26689:South-eastern 26687: 26683: 26680: 26679: 26678: 26677:South-central 26675: 26673: 26670: 26668: 26667:Mediterranean 26665: 26664: 26663: 26660: 26654: 26651: 26650: 26649: 26646: 26644: 26641: 26639: 26636: 26634: 26633:British Isles 26631: 26629: 26626: 26625: 26624: 26621: 26617: 26614: 26612: 26609: 26605: 26602: 26600: 26597: 26595: 26592: 26591: 26590: 26587: 26585: 26582: 26581: 26580: 26577: 26575: 26572: 26571: 26569: 26567: 26563: 26553: 26550: 26548: 26545: 26543: 26540: 26539: 26538: 26535: 26531: 26530:Levantine Sea 26528: 26526: 26523: 26522: 26521: 26518: 26514: 26511: 26510: 26509: 26506: 26502: 26499: 26498: 26497: 26494: 26492: 26489: 26488: 26487: 26484: 26480: 26477: 26475: 26472: 26470: 26467: 26466: 26465: 26462: 26458: 26455: 26453: 26450: 26449: 26448: 26445: 26443: 26440: 26436: 26433: 26431: 26428: 26427: 26426: 26423: 26417: 26414: 26413: 26412: 26409: 26408: 26407: 26404: 26400: 26397: 26393: 26390: 26389: 26388: 26385: 26384: 26383: 26380: 26376: 26373: 26371: 26368: 26366: 26363: 26362: 26361: 26358: 26356: 26353: 26352: 26350: 26348: 26344: 26336: 26333: 26332: 26331: 26328: 26326: 26323: 26319: 26316: 26315: 26314: 26311: 26310: 26308: 26306: 26302: 26294: 26291: 26289: 26286: 26282: 26279: 26277: 26274: 26273: 26272: 26269: 26267: 26264: 26263: 26262: 26259: 26253: 26250: 26248: 26245: 26243: 26240: 26238: 26235: 26234: 26233: 26230: 26229: 26228: 26225: 26223: 26222:Mediterranean 26220: 26219: 26217: 26215: 26211: 26208: 26206: 26202: 26194: 26191: 26190: 26189: 26186: 26184: 26181: 26179: 26176: 26174: 26171: 26167: 26164: 26163: 26162: 26159: 26158: 26156: 26154: 26150: 26144: 26141: 26139: 26136: 26134: 26131: 26129: 26126: 26124: 26121: 26119: 26116: 26115: 26113: 26111: 26107: 26099: 26096: 26094: 26091: 26089: 26086: 26084: 26081: 26080: 26079: 26076: 26074: 26071: 26069: 26066: 26064: 26061: 26059: 26056: 26055: 26053: 26051: 26047: 26043: 26039: 26035: 26028: 26023: 26021: 26016: 26014: 26009: 26008: 26005: 25992: 25989: 25987: 25979: 25977: 25974: 25972: 25969: 25967: 25966: 25961: 25954: 25953: 25949: 25934: 25931: 25929: 25926: 25924: 25921: 25919: 25916: 25914: 25911: 25909: 25906: 25904: 25899: 25898: 25897:Subcontinents 25893: 25892: 25890: 25885: 25884: 25880: 25878: 25875: 25873: 25870: 25868: 25865: 25863: 25862:Kumari Kandam 25860: 25858: 25855: 25853: 25848: 25846: 25842: 25838: 25833: 25832: 25830: 25825: 25822: 25820: 25817: 25815: 25812: 25810: 25805: 25801: 25800: 25798: 25793: 25790: 25788: 25785: 25783: 25780: 25778: 25775: 25773: 25770: 25768: 25765: 25763: 25760: 25758: 25755: 25753: 25750: 25748: 25745: 25743: 25740: 25738: 25733: 25732: 25728: 25724: 25719: 25718: 25716: 25713: 25712: 25707: 25703: 25688: 25685: 25683: 25680: 25678: 25675: 25673: 25670: 25668: 25665: 25663: 25660: 25658: 25655: 25653: 25650: 25648: 25645: 25643: 25640: 25638: 25635: 25633: 25630: 25628: 25625: 25623: 25620: 25618: 25615: 25613: 25610: 25608: 25605: 25603: 25600: 25598: 25595: 25593: 25590: 25588: 25583: 25579: 25578: 25576: 25571: 25568: 25566: 25563: 25561: 25558: 25556: 25553: 25551: 25548: 25546: 25543: 25541: 25538: 25536: 25533: 25531: 25528: 25526: 25521: 25520: 25514: 25513: 25511: 25508: 25507: 25502: 25498: 25485: 25484: 25479: 25473: 25470: 25469: 25464: 25458: 25455: 25454: 25449: 25443: 25440: 25439: 25434: 25428: 25425: 25424: 25419: 25415: 25402: 25401: 25400:South America 25396: 25390: 25387: 25386: 25385:North America 25381: 25375: 25372: 25371: 25366: 25360: 25357: 25356: 25351: 25345: 25342: 25341: 25336: 25330: 25327: 25326: 25321: 25315: 25312: 25311: 25306: 25300: 25297: 25296: 25291: 25287: 25283: 25279: 25272: 25267: 25265: 25260: 25258: 25253: 25252: 25249: 25237: 25234: 25232: 25229: 25227: 25224: 25222: 25219: 25217: 25214: 25212: 25209: 25207: 25204: 25202: 25199: 25197: 25194: 25192: 25189: 25187: 25184: 25182: 25181:PROSUR/PROSUL 25179: 25177: 25174: 25172: 25169: 25167: 25164: 25162: 25159: 25157: 25154: 25152: 25149: 25147: 25144: 25142: 25139: 25137: 25134: 25132: 25129: 25127: 25124: 25122: 25119: 25117: 25114: 25112: 25109: 25107: 25104: 25102: 25099: 25097: 25094: 25092: 25089: 25087: 25084: 25082: 25079: 25077: 25076:Craiova Group 25074: 25072: 25069: 25067: 25064: 25062: 25059: 25057: 25054: 25052: 25049: 25047: 25044: 25042: 25039: 25037: 25034: 25032: 25029: 25027: 25024: 25022: 25019: 25017: 25014: 25012: 25009: 25007: 25004: 25002: 24999: 24997: 24994: 24992: 24991:ABCANZ Armies 24989: 24988: 24986: 24980: 24974: 24971: 24969: 24966: 24962: 24959: 24957: 24954: 24952: 24949: 24947: 24944: 24942: 24939: 24937: 24934: 24933: 24932: 24929: 24927: 24924: 24920: 24917: 24916: 24915: 24912: 24910: 24907: 24906: 24904: 24902: 24898: 24892: 24889: 24887: 24884: 24880: 24877: 24875: 24872: 24870: 24867: 24865: 24862: 24858: 24855: 24853: 24850: 24848: 24845: 24843: 24840: 24839: 24838: 24835: 24833: 24830: 24828: 24825: 24823: 24820: 24819: 24818: 24815: 24809: 24806: 24805: 24804: 24801: 24797: 24796:Protestantism 24794: 24790: 24787: 24786: 24785: 24782: 24778: 24775: 24774: 24773: 24770: 24766: 24762: 24759: 24758: 24757: 24754: 24753: 24752: 24749: 24748: 24747: 24744: 24743: 24741: 24739: 24735: 24727: 24724: 24723: 24722: 24719: 24717: 24716:Sovereigntism 24714: 24712: 24709: 24705: 24704: 24700: 24699: 24698: 24695: 24691: 24688: 24687: 24686: 24683: 24681: 24678: 24676: 24673: 24671: 24668: 24666: 24663: 24661: 24658: 24656: 24653: 24649: 24646: 24644: 24641: 24640: 24639: 24636: 24632: 24629: 24628: 24627: 24624: 24622: 24619: 24617: 24614: 24612: 24611:Scholasticism 24609: 24607: 24604: 24602: 24599: 24597: 24594: 24592: 24589: 24587: 24584: 24582: 24579: 24578: 24576: 24574: 24570: 24562: 24559: 24557: 24554: 24552: 24549: 24547: 24544: 24543: 24542: 24539: 24535: 24532: 24531: 24530: 24527: 24523: 24520: 24518: 24515: 24514: 24513: 24510: 24506: 24503: 24502: 24501: 24498: 24496: 24493: 24489: 24486: 24484: 24481: 24479: 24476: 24475: 24474: 24471: 24467: 24464: 24463: 24462: 24459: 24455: 24452: 24451: 24450: 24447: 24443: 24440: 24438: 24435: 24434: 24433: 24430: 24428: 24425: 24423: 24420: 24418: 24415: 24411: 24408: 24407: 24406: 24403: 24401: 24398: 24394: 24391: 24390: 24389: 24386: 24382: 24379: 24378: 24377: 24374: 24370: 24367: 24366: 24365: 24362: 24360: 24357: 24353: 24350: 24349: 24348: 24345: 24343: 24340: 24336: 24333: 24331: 24328: 24326: 24323: 24322: 24321: 24318: 24317: 24315: 24313: 24309: 24301: 24300:War on terror 24298: 24296: 24293: 24292: 24291: 24288: 24284: 24281: 24279: 24276: 24274: 24271: 24269: 24266: 24264: 24261: 24259: 24256: 24254: 24251: 24249: 24246: 24244: 24241: 24239: 24236: 24234: 24231: 24229: 24226: 24224: 24221: 24219: 24216: 24214: 24211: 24209: 24206: 24204: 24201: 24199: 24196: 24195: 24194: 24193:Modern period 24191: 24189: 24186: 24182: 24179: 24177: 24174: 24172: 24169: 24168: 24167: 24164: 24160: 24157: 24156: 24155: 24152: 24150: 24147: 24146: 24144: 24142: 24138: 24132: 24129: 24127: 24124: 24122: 24119: 24117: 24114: 24108: 24105: 24103: 24100: 24099: 24098: 24095: 24093: 24090: 24088: 24085: 24083: 24080: 24079: 24078: 24075: 24073: 24070: 24068: 24065: 24064: 24062: 24058: 24054: 24050: 24049:Western world 24043: 24038: 24036: 24031: 24029: 24024: 24023: 24020: 24008: 24005: 24003: 24000: 23998: 23995: 23993: 23990: 23988: 23985: 23983: 23980: 23978: 23975: 23973: 23970: 23968: 23965: 23963: 23960: 23958: 23955: 23954: 23952: 23948: 23942: 23941:Luxembourgers 23939: 23937: 23934: 23932: 23929: 23924: 23920: 23919: 23918: 23915: 23913: 23910: 23905: 23901: 23898: 23894: 23893: 23892: 23889: 23888: 23886: 23882: 23874: 23871: 23869: 23866: 23864: 23861: 23859: 23856: 23854: 23851: 23850: 23849: 23846: 23844: 23841: 23839: 23836: 23834: 23831: 23830: 23828: 23824: 23815: 23811: 23810: 23809: 23806: 23804: 23801: 23796: 23792: 23791: 23790: 23787: 23785: 23782: 23780: 23777: 23772: 23768: 23765: 23761: 23760: 23759: 23756: 23754: 23751: 23749: 23746: 23744: 23741: 23736: 23732: 23731: 23730: 23727: 23726: 23724: 23720: 23714: 23711: 23709: 23706: 23704: 23701: 23699: 23696: 23694: 23691: 23689: 23686: 23684: 23681: 23679: 23676: 23675: 23673: 23669: 23663: 23660: 23658: 23655: 23653: 23650: 23648: 23645: 23644: 23642: 23638: 23632: 23629: 23627: 23624: 23622: 23619: 23617: 23614: 23612: 23609: 23607: 23604: 23599: 23598:Volksdeutsche 23595: 23594: 23593: 23590: 23588: 23585: 23583: 23580: 23578: 23575: 23574: 23572: 23568: 23562: 23559: 23557: 23554: 23552: 23549: 23547: 23544: 23542: 23539: 23538: 23536: 23532: 23526: 23523: 23521: 23518: 23516: 23513: 23511: 23508: 23506: 23503: 23501: 23498: 23497: 23495: 23492: 23488: 23484: 23477: 23472: 23470: 23465: 23463: 23458: 23457: 23454: 23442: 23441: 23440:Europe portal 23436: 23432: 23430: 23429: 23420: 23419: 23414: 23410: 23407: 23404: 23401: 23398: 23397: 23393: 23382: 23378: 23374: 23371: 23369: 23366: 23364: 23361: 23359: 23356: 23355: 23353: 23349: 23342: 23338: 23334: 23331: 23330: 23328: 23324: 23317: 23313: 23309: 23306: 23305: 23303: 23299: 23296: 23289:Special areas 23286: 23272: 23269: 23267: 23264: 23260: 23257: 23255: 23252: 23250: 23247: 23246: 23245: 23242: 23241: 23239: 23237: 23233: 23226: 23222: 23219: 23216: 23213: 23212: 23209: 23206: 23202: 23194: 23191: 23190: 23189: 23188:Faroe Islands 23186: 23185: 23183: 23179: 23176: 23173: 23166: 23160: 23157: 23155: 23154:South Ossetia 23152: 23150: 23147: 23145: 23142: 23140: 23137: 23136: 23134: 23131: 23124: 23119: 23109: 23106: 23104: 23101: 23099: 23096: 23094: 23091: 23089: 23086: 23084: 23081: 23079: 23076: 23074: 23071: 23069: 23066: 23064: 23061: 23059: 23056: 23054: 23051: 23049: 23046: 23044: 23041: 23039: 23036: 23034: 23031: 23029: 23026: 23024: 23021: 23019: 23016: 23014: 23011: 23009: 23006: 23004: 23001: 22999: 22996: 22994: 22991: 22989: 22988:Liechtenstein 22986: 22984: 22981: 22979: 22976: 22974: 22971: 22969: 22966: 22964: 22961: 22959: 22956: 22954: 22951: 22949: 22946: 22944: 22941: 22939: 22936: 22934: 22931: 22929: 22926: 22924: 22921: 22919: 22916: 22914: 22911: 22909: 22906: 22904: 22901: 22899: 22896: 22894: 22891: 22889: 22886: 22884: 22881: 22879: 22876: 22874: 22871: 22869: 22866: 22864: 22861: 22860: 22858: 22856: 22852: 22848: 22844: 22837: 22832: 22830: 22825: 22823: 22818: 22817: 22814: 22808: 22801: 22789: 22786: 22784: 22781: 22779: 22776: 22775: 22770: 22766: 22763: 22759: 22758: 22754: 22744: 22741: 22737: 22734: 22733: 22732: 22729: 22727: 22724: 22720: 22717: 22716: 22715: 22714:Ethnic groups 22712: 22710: 22707: 22705: 22702: 22701: 22699: 22697: 22693: 22686: 22682: 22678: 22675: 22673: 22670: 22666: 22663: 22661: 22658: 22656: 22653: 22652: 22651: 22648: 22646: 22643: 22641: 22638: 22636: 22633: 22631: 22628: 22626: 22623: 22619: 22616: 22615: 22614: 22611: 22609: 22606: 22604: 22601: 22597: 22594: 22592: 22589: 22588: 22587: 22584: 22583: 22581: 22579: 22575: 22567: 22564: 22562: 22559: 22558: 22557: 22554: 22552: 22549: 22545: 22542: 22541: 22540: 22537: 22535: 22532: 22530: 22527: 22525: 22522: 22521: 22518: 22515: 22513: 22509: 22495: 22492: 22490: 22487: 22485: 22482: 22480: 22477: 22475: 22472: 22470: 22467: 22465: 22462: 22460: 22457: 22455: 22452: 22450: 22447: 22445: 22442: 22438: 22435: 22434: 22433: 22430: 22426: 22423: 22422: 22421: 22420:GDP (nominal) 22418: 22414: 22411: 22410: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22400: 22398: 22394: 22388: 22385: 22383: 22380: 22378: 22375: 22373: 22370: 22369: 22367: 22363: 22357: 22354: 22352: 22349: 22347: 22344: 22342: 22339: 22337: 22334: 22332: 22329: 22328: 22325: 22321: 22318: 22316: 22312: 22298: 22295: 22291: 22288: 22287: 22286: 22285:Schengen Area 22283: 22281: 22278: 22274: 22271: 22270: 22269: 22266: 22264: 22261: 22259: 22256: 22254: 22251: 22247: 22244: 22242: 22239: 22238: 22237: 22234: 22232: 22229: 22227: 22224: 22220: 22217: 22215: 22212: 22211: 22210: 22207: 22206: 22204: 22202: 22198: 22192: 22189: 22185: 22182: 22181: 22180: 22177: 22175: 22172: 22170: 22167: 22165: 22162: 22160: 22157: 22155: 22152: 22150: 22147: 22145: 22142: 22140: 22137: 22136: 22134: 22130: 22124: 22121: 22119: 22116: 22114: 22111: 22109: 22106: 22104: 22101: 22099: 22096: 22095: 22092: 22088: 22085: 22083: 22079: 22069: 22066: 22062: 22061:by population 22059: 22058: 22057: 22054: 22052: 22049: 22047: 22044: 22042: 22039: 22037: 22034: 22032: 22029: 22027: 22024: 22022: 22019: 22017: 22014: 22012: 22009: 22007: 22004: 22002: 21999: 21995: 21992: 21991: 21990: 21987: 21985: 21982: 21981: 21978: 21975: 21973: 21969: 21957: 21954: 21953: 21952: 21949: 21947: 21944: 21943: 21941: 21937: 21931: 21928: 21925: 21922: 21918: 21915: 21913: 21910: 21908: 21905: 21903: 21900: 21898: 21895: 21893: 21890: 21888: 21885: 21883: 21880: 21878: 21875: 21873: 21870: 21868: 21865: 21864: 21862: 21858: 21855: 21853: 21849: 21845: 21841: 21834: 21829: 21827: 21822: 21820: 21815: 21814: 21811: 21802: 21801: 21800:Travel guides 21789: 21785: 21784: 21772: 21769:from Wikinews 21768: 21767: 21755: 21751: 21750: 21738: 21737: 21734: 21728: 21720: 21710: 21708: 21698: 21697: 21694: 21687: 21684: 21682: 21678: 21675: 21674: 21673: 21672: 21666: 21663: 21660: 21656: 21655: 21649: 21644: 21642: 21638: 21635: 21633: 21629: 21626: 21624: 21623: 21618: 21615: 21613: 21609: 21606: 21605: 21595: 21589: 21585: 21584: 21578: 21574: 21568: 21564: 21563: 21557: 21553: 21547: 21543: 21539: 21535: 21531: 21525: 21521: 21516: 21512: 21506: 21502: 21497: 21494: 21493:0-7922-3695-5 21490: 21486: 21482: 21479: 21478: 21458: 21454: 21448: 21433: 21429: 21423: 21416: 21415: 21411: 21408: 21403: 21399: 21396: 21392: 21388: 21385: 21383: 21379: 21375: 21372: 21369: 21365: 21361: 21358: 21355: 21349: 21333: 21329: 21325: 21319: 21302: 21298: 21294: 21290: 21286: 21283: 21281: 21277: 21273: 21270: 21268: 21264: 21260: 21257: 21255: 21251: 21247: 21244: 21242: 21228: 21224: 21220: 21216: 21212: 21209: 21207: 21203: 21199: 21196: 21194: 21190: 21186: 21183: 21181: 21177: 21173: 21170: 21168: 21164: 21160: 21157: 21155: 21141: 21137: 21133: 21119: 21115: 21111: 21106: 21099: 21098: 21094: 21091: 21086: 21082: 21079: 21075: 21071: 21068: 21066: 21062: 21058: 21055: 21052: 21048: 21044: 21041: 21038: 21032: 21013: 21009: 21002: 20995: 20987: 20983: 20977: 20969: 20967:9783039119776 20963: 20959: 20952: 20945: 20941: 20938: 20934: 20929: 20913: 20909: 20905: 20899: 20883: 20879: 20875: 20869: 20850: 20846: 20839: 20833: 20831: 20815: 20811: 20804: 20789: 20785: 20778: 20770: 20766: 20762: 20758: 20754: 20750: 20746: 20739: 20732: 20731: 20725: 20710: 20706: 20699: 20697: 20680: 20676: 20675: 20670: 20663: 20661: 20645: 20641: 20634: 20627: 20623: 20621:9781315297927 20617: 20613: 20606: 20598: 20596:9780857457271 20592: 20588: 20581: 20573: 20567: 20563: 20556: 20545: 20538: 20532: 20516: 20512: 20508: 20502: 20495: 20491: 20488: 20483: 20476: 20463: 20459: 20455: 20451: 20447: 20443: 20439: 20438:Human Biology 20435: 20428: 20412: 20408: 20402: 20395: 20391: 20387: 20384: 20378: 20369: 20364: 20360: 20356: 20352: 20345: 20329: 20325: 20321: 20317: 20310: 20291: 20284: 20278: 20262: 20258: 20254: 20246: 20231: 20230: 20223: 20221: 20204: 20200: 20194: 20179: 20175: 20171: 20165: 20161: 20160: 20153: 20146: 20142: 20139: 20135: 20129: 20122: 20118: 20115: 20110: 20094: 20090: 20084: 20076: 20072: 20066: 20058: 20051: 20050: 20043: 20035: 20031: 20025: 20017: 20013: 20007: 19991: 19985: 19978: 19974: 19971: 19966: 19960:. April 2012. 19959: 19955: 19951: 19948: 19943: 19928:on 9 May 2010 19927: 19923: 19916: 19900: 19896: 19892: 19885: 19869: 19865: 19864: 19859: 19852: 19845: 19841: 19838: 19833: 19825: 19821: 19815: 19799: 19795: 19794:adnkronos.com 19791: 19785: 19769: 19765: 19759: 19753: 19749: 19746: 19740: 19733: 19727: 19720: 19714: 19706: 19700: 19696: 19689: 19682: 19676: 19660: 19656: 19649: 19641: 19634: 19628: 19624: 19620: 19617: 19612: 19597: 19591: 19589: 19587: 19585: 19583: 19581: 19579: 19577: 19561: 19555: 19549: 19544: 19538: 19533: 19525: 19521: 19515: 19508: 19504: 19500: 19497: 19491: 19475: 19471: 19470:worldbank.org 19467: 19461: 19445: 19441: 19437: 19431: 19421: 19405: 19401: 19395: 19379: 19375: 19368: 19352: 19346: 19340: 19335: 19329: 19323: 19315: 19311: 19307: 19303: 19299: 19295: 19291: 19287: 19280: 19264: 19260: 19256: 19249: 19233: 19229: 19223: 19204: 19197: 19191: 19175: 19171: 19165: 19149: 19145: 19139: 19123: 19119: 19118: 19113: 19107: 19105: 19103: 19101: 19085: 19081: 19074: 19065: 19050: 19046: 19040: 19024: 19020: 19014: 18999: 18995: 18988: 18979: 18971: 18967: 18962: 18957: 18953: 18949: 18945: 18941: 18937: 18933: 18929: 18925: 18924:Wood, Eric F. 18918: 18909: 18893: 18889: 18885: 18879: 18877: 18869: 18865: 18862: 18857: 18841: 18837: 18836: 18831: 18824: 18808: 18804: 18803: 18798: 18792: 18776: 18772: 18771: 18766: 18760: 18744: 18740: 18736: 18730: 18721: 18712: 18703: 18687: 18683: 18682: 18677: 18671: 18662: 18653: 18644: 18635: 18626: 18617: 18608: 18601: 18597: 18594: 18589: 18580: 18571: 18562: 18553: 18545: 18541: 18537: 18533: 18529: 18525: 18521: 18517: 18510: 18503: 18499: 18493: 18477: 18473: 18469: 18462: 18446: 18442: 18441: 18434: 18418: 18414: 18410: 18404: 18397: 18393: 18392: 18388: 18385: 18378: 18372:. 9 May 2005. 18371: 18367: 18363: 18360: 18354: 18347: 18342: 18335: 18330: 18323: 18318: 18311: 18306: 18299: 18294: 18278: 18274: 18267: 18259: 18253: 18249: 18242: 18233: 18217: 18213: 18209: 18203: 18196: 18191: 18183: 18177: 18173: 18172: 18164: 18162: 18142: 18138: 18131: 18125: 18106: 18102: 18095: 18089: 18070: 18063: 18057: 18038: 18034: 18033: 18025: 18019: 18003: 18002: 17997: 17990: 17982: 17976: 17972: 17967: 17966: 17957: 17941: 17937: 17931: 17927: 17926: 17918: 17911: 17907: 17904: 17898: 17882: 17878: 17872: 17868: 17867: 17859: 17852: 17847: 17839: 17833: 17829: 17822: 17813: 17797: 17793: 17787: 17780: 17775: 17766: 17750: 17746: 17740: 17734: 17730: 17726: 17721: 17702: 17698: 17697: 17689: 17682: 17675: 17671: 17667: 17664: 17659: 17652: 17648: 17645: 17639: 17632: 17628: 17624: 17621: 17616: 17608: 17601: 17594: 17590: 17586: 17583: 17578: 17570: 17564: 17561:. AMS Press. 17560: 17553: 17545: 17539: 17534: 17533: 17524: 17517: 17513: 17509: 17506: 17502: 17494: 17488: 17483: 17482: 17473: 17464: 17455: 17446: 17438: 17432: 17428: 17421: 17413: 17407: 17403: 17399: 17392: 17384: 17378: 17374: 17367: 17358: 17350: 17344: 17340: 17336: 17335: 17330: 17329:Schama, Simon 17324: 17315: 17307: 17301: 17296: 17295: 17286: 17278: 17272: 17268: 17264: 17257: 17249: 17245: 17241: 17237: 17234:(1): 86–104. 17233: 17229: 17222: 17206: 17202: 17195: 17179: 17175: 17169: 17165: 17164: 17156: 17149: 17148:0-19-522151-6 17145: 17141: 17140: 17136: 17133: 17126: 17110: 17106: 17100: 17096: 17095: 17090: 17084: 17068: 17064: 17058: 17054: 17053: 17048: 17042: 17036: 17035:81-313-0356-X 17032: 17028: 17027: 17023: 17020: 17013: 16997: 16993: 16987: 16978: 16969: 16962: 16958: 16955: 16950: 16942: 16935: 16919: 16915: 16911: 16905: 16896: 16888: 16881: 16874: 16868: 16861: 16855: 16849: 16848:0-415-15041-8 16845: 16841: 16835: 16829:Elliott p.333 16826: 16817: 16808: 16800: 16794: 16790: 16789: 16781: 16772: 16764: 16757: 16748: 16740: 16733: 16727: 16726:0-395-88947-2 16723: 16719: 16713: 16704: 16696: 16690: 16686: 16685: 16680: 16674: 16668: 16667:1-59740-150-1 16664: 16660: 16656: 16651: 16645: 16644:0-567-08969-X 16641: 16637: 16634:, pp. 14–18, 16633: 16632: 16628: 16625: 16618: 16616: 16599: 16595: 16591: 16584: 16568: 16564: 16558: 16549: 16533: 16529: 16525: 16519: 16512: 16508: 16505: 16500: 16493: 16488: 16482: 16478: 16474: 16470: 16464: 16457: 16456:0-333-62088-7 16453: 16449: 16445: 16439: 16432: 16428: 16425: 16420: 16414: 16410: 16404: 16388: 16384: 16378: 16371: 16370: 16365: 16361: 16358: 16352: 16336: 16332: 16326: 16310: 16306: 16300: 16296: 16295: 16287: 16280: 16267: 16263: 16262: 16255: 16248: 16237: 16231: 16226: 16225: 16216: 16207: 16200: 16187: 16183: 16177: 16173: 16172: 16164: 16157: 16145: 16141: 16135: 16131: 16130: 16122: 16115: 16102: 16098: 16092: 16088: 16087: 16079: 16072: 16059: 16055: 16049: 16045: 16044: 16036: 16029: 16017: 16013: 16007: 16003: 16002: 15994: 15987: 15975: 15971: 15965: 15961: 15960: 15952: 15945: 15934: 15928: 15924: 15919: 15918: 15909: 15902: 15889: 15885: 15879: 15875: 15874: 15866: 15859: 15847: 15843: 15837: 15833: 15832: 15824: 15817: 15813: 15808: 15799: 15790: 15781: 15772: 15770: 15762: 15756: 15750: 15746: 15742: 15736: 15727: 15721:, p. 66. 15720: 15715: 15708: 15703: 15694: 15685: 15676: 15669: 15663: 15656: 15654: 15648: 15641: 15632: 15625: 15621: 15616: 15609: 15604: 15597: 15593: 15588: 15572: 15568: 15562: 15558: 15557: 15549: 15533: 15529: 15523: 15519: 15518: 15510: 15504: 15503:0-7134-8874-3 15500: 15496: 15490: 15481: 15473: 15466: 15464: 15447: 15443: 15437: 15433: 15432: 15424: 15417: 15413: 15407: 15399: 15393: 15389: 15385: 15379: 15371: 15365: 15361: 15357: 15353: 15347: 15338: 15330: 15324: 15320: 15313: 15297: 15293: 15287: 15283: 15282: 15274: 15272: 15270: 15253: 15249: 15243: 15239: 15238: 15230: 15214: 15210: 15204: 15196: 15192: 15186: 15178: 15174: 15167: 15159: 15155: 15149: 15141: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15123: 15119: 15115: 15111: 15107: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15089: 15085: 15084: 15079: 15071: 15069: 15060: 15054: 15050: 15046: 15045:Ember, Melvin 15042: 15036: 15029: 15028:Penguin Books 15025: 15021: 15016: 15008: 15002: 14998: 14994: 14990: 14986: 14985:Scarre, Chris 14980: 14964: 14960: 14954: 14950: 14949: 14941: 14933: 14929: 14925: 14921: 14917: 14913: 14909: 14905: 14899: 14893: 14885: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14867: 14863: 14859: 14855: 14851: 14847: 14843: 14839: 14835: 14828: 14820: 14816: 14812: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14794: 14790: 14786: 14782: 14778: 14771: 14762: 14754: 14750: 14746: 14740: 14724: 14720: 14716: 14709: 14702: 14698: 14695: 14691: 14688: 14683: 14675: 14671: 14667: 14663: 14659: 14655: 14651: 14647: 14643: 14639: 14635: 14628: 14612: 14608: 14604: 14598: 14582: 14578: 14574: 14568: 14560: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14542: 14538: 14534: 14530: 14526: 14522: 14521: 14516: 14509: 14507: 14499: 14494: 14487: 14483: 14479: 14473: 14465: 14459: 14455: 14448: 14440: 14434: 14430: 14423: 14415: 14411: 14404: 14388: 14384: 14378: 14371: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14354: 14350: 14349:Transcaucasia 14346: 14342: 14338: 14335: 14329: 14322: 14316: 14308: 14304: 14298: 14282: 14278: 14272: 14268: 14267: 14259: 14251: 14244: 14225: 14218: 14214: 14208: 14199: 14191: 14185: 14181: 14174: 14167: 14163: 14158: 14142: 14138: 14132: 14128: 14124: 14120: 14116: 14112: 14106: 14104: 14090: 14086: 14083: 14079: 14078: 14072: 14065: 14061: 14058: 14054: 14050: 14046: 14040: 14033: 14027: 14019: 14013: 14009: 14002: 13996: 13990: 13981: 13975: 13971: 13967: 13966: 13960: 13944: 13940: 13934: 13928: 13925: 13924:1-113-68809-2 13921: 13917: 13913: 13910: 13909: 13902: 13886: 13882: 13876: 13860: 13856: 13852: 13846: 13844: 13835: 13831: 13827: 13823: 13819: 13815: 13811: 13807: 13800: 13791: 13785: 13781: 13780: 13772: 13765: 13764: 13759: 13755: 13752: 13747: 13728: 13724: 13720: 13716: 13712: 13708: 13704: 13701:(1): 168–69. 13700: 13696: 13689: 13682: 13680: 13663: 13659: 13655: 13649: 13633: 13629: 13628: 13620: 13604: 13600: 13594: 13590: 13589: 13581: 13565: 13561: 13555: 13551: 13550: 13542: 13540: 13523: 13519: 13513: 13505: 13499: 13480: 13473: 13467: 13451: 13447: 13443: 13437: 13435: 13425: 13423: 13415: 13403: 13399: 13393: 13389: 13388: 13380: 13374:, p. 226 13373: 13368: 13359: 13353: 13349: 13345: 13339: 13324: 13320: 13314: 13298: 13294: 13288: 13269: 13262: 13256: 13237: 13230: 13223: 13221: 13219: 13217: 13215: 13213: 13211: 13194: 13190: 13186: 13180: 13164: 13160: 13154: 13138: 13134: 13128: 13112: 13108: 13102: 13086: 13079: 13073: 13071: 13069: 13052: 13048: 13042: 13040: 13038: 13021: 13017: 13013: 13007: 13003: 12988: 12981: 12977: 12973: 12969: 12965: 12959: 12952: 12946: 12939: 12935: 12931: 12927: 12921: 12920: 12911: 12907: 12902: 12895: 12891: 12887: 12882: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12862:South Ossetia 12859: 12854: 12853: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12831: 12821: 12820: 12811: 12807: 12802: 12795: 12791: 12788: 12787: 12782: 12781:South Ossetia 12778: 12774: 12770: 12765: 12758: 12754: 12750: 12746: 12742: 12737: 12730: 12726: 12721: 12714: 12710: 12706: 12701: 12694: 12690: 12686: 12682: 12678: 12674: 12670: 12666: 12661: 12654: 12650: 12647:include only 12646: 12640: 12633: 12629: 12625: 12619: 12612: 12608: 12604: 12598: 12591: 12587: 12583: 12579: 12574: 12573: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12548: 12544: 12540: 12536: 12532: 12527: 12526: 12517: 12516:European part 12513: 12509: 12503: 12496: 12492: 12488: 12483: 12482: 12476: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12387: 12382: 12381:Europe portal 12371: 12364: 12362: 12358: 12354: 12350: 12335: 12333: 12326: 12322: 12318: 12314: 12307: 12296: 12294: 12290: 12286: 12281: 12278: 12274: 12270: 12266: 12262: 12258: 12254: 12249: 12247: 12243: 12239: 12238:against Islam 12235: 12231: 12227: 12223: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12201: 12195: 12180: 12174: 12166: 12160: 12152: 12146: 12138: 12132: 12123: 12115: 12113: 12108: 12106: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12086: 12082: 12078: 12074: 12070: 12066: 12062: 12058: 12052: 12042: 12040: 12036: 12032: 12027: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12012: 12010: 12006: 12002: 11998: 11994: 11990: 11989:The Holocaust 11986: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11969: 11967: 11963: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11947: 11943: 11939: 11935: 11931: 11929: 11925: 11921: 11917: 11913: 11909: 11905: 11901: 11897: 11896:United States 11893: 11889: 11885: 11881: 11877: 11873: 11869: 11865: 11861: 11839: 11829: 11819: 11809: 11799: 11791: 11789: 11785: 11776: 11766: 11764: 11760: 11757: 11752: 11750: 11746: 11742: 11738: 11734: 11730: 11726: 11722: 11718: 11714: 11710: 11706: 11702: 11698: 11694: 11690: 11686: 11682: 11678: 11674: 11673:Crimean Tatar 11670: 11666: 11662: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11646: 11642: 11638: 11634: 11630: 11626: 11622: 11618: 11614: 11610: 11606: 11602: 11598: 11593: 11591: 11587: 11583: 11579: 11575: 11571: 11567: 11563: 11559: 11555: 11551: 11547: 11543: 11539: 11535: 11531: 11527: 11523: 11519: 11515: 11511: 11507: 11503: 11499: 11495: 11494:Indo-European 11489: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11462: 11460: 11456: 11452: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11436: 11433:and probably 11432: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11396: 11391: 11388: 11385:Early modern 11383: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11364: 11359: 11355: 11345: 11343: 11337: 11331: 11324:Ethnic groups 11321: 11319: 11315: 11311: 11307: 11301: 11299: 11295: 11289: 11287: 11283: 11279: 11271: 11267: 11262: 11258: 11254: 11248: 11238: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11224: 11219: 11217: 11213: 11207: 11205: 11201: 11196: 11194: 11193:shock therapy 11186: 11182: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11166: 11162: 11158: 11153: 11146: 11145: 11144: 11142: 11138: 11134: 11133:Marshall Plan 11130: 11125: 11123: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11107: 11103: 11095:(blue colour) 11094: 11090: 11083: 11078: 11071: 11070: 11069: 11066: 11058: 11057: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11027: 11026: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11003: 11002: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10979: 10978: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10955: 10954: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10931: 10930: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10907: 10906: 10902: 10899: 10896: 10881: 10880: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10857: 10856: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10833: 10832: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10809: 10808: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10797: 10782: 10781: 10777: 10774: 10765: 10762: 10759: 10756: 10755: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10728: 10727: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10704: 10703: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10680: 10679: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10656: 10655: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10632: 10631: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10608: 10607: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10584: 10583: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10560: 10559: 10555: 10552: 10549: 10534: 10533: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10510: 10509: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10498: 10483: 10482: 10478: 10475: 10466: 10463: 10460: 10457: 10456: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10444: 10439: 10437: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10421: 10416: 10414: 10410: 10405: 10404:Golden Banana 10401: 10396: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10350: 10348: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10323: 10312: 10302: 10301: 10290: 10280: 10279: 10257: 10254: 10253: 10244: 10239: 10235: 10231: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10197: 10192: 10190: 10189: 10186: 10183: 10180: 10177: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10162: 10157: 10154: 10150: 10149: 10146: 10143: 10140: 10137: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10122: 10117: 10114: 10110: 10109: 10106: 10103: 10100: 10097: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10082: 10077: 10074: 10070: 10069: 10066: 10063: 10060: 10057: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10048:Faroe Islands 10046: 10042: 10037: 10034: 10030: 10029: 10026: 10023: 10020: 10017: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10002: 9997: 9994: 9990: 9989: 9986: 9983: 9980: 9977: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9962: 9957: 9954: 9950: 9949: 9946: 9943: 9940: 9937: 9934: 9931: 9928: 9925: 9921: 9916: 9913: 9909: 9908: 9905: 9902: 9899: 9896: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9881: 9876: 9874: 9873: 9870: 9867: 9863: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9849: 9846: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9819: 9816: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9765: 9762: 9759: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9744: 9739: 9736: 9732: 9731: 9728: 9725: 9722: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9713:South Ossetia 9711: 9707: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9694: 9690: 9689:northern part 9686: 9683: 9680: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9665: 9660: 9657: 9653: 9652: 9649: 9646: 9643: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9628: 9623: 9620: 9616: 9615: 9612: 9609: 9606: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9591: 9586: 9583: 9579: 9578: 9575: 9572: 9568: 9565: 9562: 9559: 9555: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9529: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9512: 9509: 9506: 9502: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9480: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9465: 9460: 9457: 9453: 9452: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9440: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9425: 9420: 9417: 9413: 9412: 9407: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9389: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9374: 9369: 9366: 9362: 9361: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9345: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9330: 9325: 9323: 9322: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9288: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9273: 9268: 9265: 9261: 9260: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9244: 9241: 9238: 9235: 9232: 9228: 9223: 9220: 9216: 9215: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9199: 9196: 9193: 9190: 9187: 9183: 9178: 9175: 9171: 9170: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9154: 9151: 9148: 9145: 9142: 9138: 9133: 9130: 9126: 9125: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9106: 9103: 9100: 9097: 9093: 9088: 9085: 9081: 9080: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9058: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9043: 9038: 9035: 9031: 9030: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9014: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 8999: 8994: 8991: 8987: 8986: 8981: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8963: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8948: 8943: 8940: 8936: 8935: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8919: 8916: 8913: 8910: 8907: 8903: 8898: 8895: 8891: 8890: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8874: 8871: 8868: 8865: 8862: 8858: 8853: 8850: 8846: 8845: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8829: 8826: 8823: 8820: 8817: 8813: 8808: 8805: 8801: 8800: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8772: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8757: 8752: 8749: 8745: 8744: 8739: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8721: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8706: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8693: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8677: 8674: 8671: 8668: 8665: 8661: 8656: 8653: 8649: 8648: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8626: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8611: 8606: 8603: 8599: 8598: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8582: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8567: 8562: 8559: 8555: 8554: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8538: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8523: 8518: 8515: 8511: 8510: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8494: 8491: 8488: 8485: 8482: 8478: 8473: 8470: 8466: 8465: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8437: 8434: 8431: 8428: 8425: 8421: 8416: 8413: 8409: 8408: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8392: 8389: 8386: 8383: 8380: 8376: 8371: 8368: 8364: 8363: 8358:Liechtenstein 8355: 8353: 8350: 8347: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8338:Liechtenstein 8336: 8332: 8327: 8324: 8320: 8319: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8303: 8300: 8297: 8294: 8291: 8287: 8282: 8279: 8275: 8274: 8269: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8251: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8236: 8231: 8228: 8224: 8223: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8204: 8201: 8198: 8195: 8191: 8186: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8156: 8153: 8150: 8147: 8144: 8140: 8135: 8132: 8128: 8127: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8111: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8096: 8091: 8088: 8084: 8083: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8067: 8064: 8061: 8058: 8055: 8051: 8046: 8043: 8039: 8038: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8015: 8012: 8009: 8006: 8003: 7999: 7994: 7991: 7987: 7986: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7970: 7967: 7964: 7961: 7958: 7954: 7949: 7946: 7942: 7941: 7936: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7918: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7903: 7898: 7895: 7891: 7890: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7874: 7871: 7868: 7865: 7862: 7858: 7853: 7850: 7846: 7845: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7814: 7811: 7807: 7802: 7799: 7795: 7794: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7778: 7775: 7772: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7757: 7754: 7750: 7749: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7733: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7721: 7717: 7712: 7709: 7705: 7704: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7688: 7685: 7682: 7679: 7676: 7672: 7667: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7649: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7631: 7628: 7625: 7622: 7619: 7615: 7610: 7607: 7603: 7602: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7586: 7583: 7580: 7577: 7574: 7570: 7565: 7562: 7558: 7557: 7552: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7534: 7531: 7528: 7525: 7522: 7518: 7513: 7510: 7506: 7505: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7483: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7468: 7463: 7460: 7456: 7455: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7427: 7424: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7411: 7406: 7403: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7360: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7347: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7316: 7311: 7308: 7304: 7303: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7275: 7271: 7266: 7263: 7259: 7258: 7253: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7220: 7215: 7212: 7208: 7207: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7191: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7176: 7171: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7132: 7127: 7124: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7099: 7096: 7093: 7089: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7049: 7045: 7035: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7012: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6989:Schengen Area 6985: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6934: 6929: 6927: 6922: 6920: 6915: 6914: 6911: 6910:Euler diagram 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6806: 6802: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6744:phytoplankton 6740: 6738: 6732: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6713:golden jackal 6710: 6706: 6702: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6677: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6603: 6599: 6594: 6584: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6497:deforestation 6488: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6441: 6439: 6435: 6426: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6351: 6349: 6348:late Tertiary 6345: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6292:Baltic Shield 6284: 6279: 6275: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6194: 6187: 6176: 6167: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5891: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5578: 5572: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5561:Sahara desert 5558: 5553: 5550: 5549:New York City 5546: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5514: 5505: 5496: 5487: 5477: 5468: 5459: 5458:alpine tundra 5450: 5440: 5436: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5366: 5361: 5351: 5349: 5348:Yugoslav Wars 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5172: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5125: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5110:the Holocaust 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5094:Eastern Front 5091: 5087: 5083: 5076: 5075:Joseph Stalin 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5018: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4892:'s one-party 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4878:The Great War 4875: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4825:forced labour 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4629: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4586:Great Britain 4583: 4575: 4574:Great Britain 4571: 4567: 4562: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4247:Ottoman Turks 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4219:Diet of Worms 4216: 4215: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4203:Martin Luther 4200: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4128:Indian Oceans 4125: 4121: 4120:Vasco da Gama 4118:in 1492, and 4117: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3934:The Decameron 3930: 3925: 3924:at the time. 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3836:(1220s–1240s) 3835: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3798:, during the 3797: 3793: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3754:called for a 3753: 3752:Pope Urban II 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3729: 3728:Third Crusade 3726:, during the 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3684:developed in 3683: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667:Mediterranean 3664: 3659: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3540:Great Moravia 3537: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3238: Francia 3232: 3223: 3213:Europe c. 650 3209: 3199: 3195: 3189: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3140:Constantine I 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3058:North African 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2843:Olympic Games 2840: 2836: 2832: 2831:Mediterranean 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2776:Epigravettian 2773: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2741:burial mounds 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2622:interglacials 2619: 2615: 2611: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2567: 2566:Epigravettian 2557: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2338:Around 1715, 2336: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2285: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2221:Islamic world 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2113:Delian Apollo 2110: 2106: 2098: 2097: 2096:Europa regina 2093:Depiction of 2091: 2085:Early history 2081: 2071: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2001: 2000:exclusively. 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1982:North America 1979: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1938: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1903: 1902: 1894: 1892: 1883: 1881: 1872: 1870: 1859: 1858: 1850: 1848: 1839: 1837: 1828: 1827: 1819: 1818: 1816:Greenland Sea 1810: 1808: 1799: 1797: 1788: 1786: 1777: 1775: 1766: 1765: 1757: 1756: 1748: 1747: 1739: 1737: 1728: 1727: 1719: 1717: 1710: 1708: 1701: 1699: 1692: 1690: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1660: 1653: 1644: 1637: 1630: 1621: 1614: 1607: 1600: 1593: 1586: 1579: 1572: 1565: 1558: 1551: 1549: 1542: 1535: 1528: 1521: 1514: 1507: 1500: 1493: 1486: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1463: 1456: 1449: 1442: 1441: 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652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 635:third-largest 632: 628: 624: 623:most populous 620: 616: 612: 608: 603: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 495: 492: 489: 477: 474: 470: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 411: 408: 405: 401: 398: 394: 391: 387: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 327: 324: 321: 317: 313: 309: 304: 300: 297: 293: 289: 285: 280: 276: 273: 269: 266: 263: 261: 257: 250: 247: 244: 241: 238: 235: 232: 229: 228: 226: 222: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 187:GDP (nominal) 185: 180: 175: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 123: 113: 106: 100: 92: 89: 81: 71: 61: 58: 54: 51: 50: 47: 42: 39:This article 37: 28: 27: 22: 27544: / 27542:List of seas 27540: / 27505:Global South 27490:Global North 27424:Atlantic Rim 27363:Ring of Fire 27343:Indian Ocean 27333:Arctic Ocean 27275:Persian Gulf 27270:Indian Ocean 27251:Adriatic Sea 27216:Arctic Ocean 27048:Amazon Basin 27043:Amazon Plain 27015:Near Oceania 26820:Mid-Atlantic 26770:Aridoamerica 26730:Northwestern 26643:Northwestern 26616:Southeastern 26565: 26508:Greater Iran 26447:Southeastern 26442:Pacific Asia 26411:Pacific Asia 26399:Northeastern 26355:Asia–Pacific 26098:Fourth World 26088:Second World 25956: 25895: 25881: 25845:hypothesised 25835: 25803: 25721: 25652:Kazakhstania 25627:Congo Craton 25581: 25517:Prehistoric 25516: 25475: 25460: 25445: 25438:Afro-Eurasia 25430: 25392: 25377: 25369: 25362: 25347: 25332: 25317: 25302: 25226:Western Bloc 25026:AUSCANNZUKUS 24982:Contemporary 24931:Human rights 24777:Latin Church 24751:Christianity 24701: 24660:Conservatism 24505:contemporary 24342:Architecture 24278:World War II 24238:Emancipation 24233:Abolitionism 24121:Romanization 24116:Roman legacy 24097:Roman Empire 23546:Azerbaijanis 23438: 23426: 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Retrieved 13015: 13006: 12987: 12958: 12945: 12937: 12919: 12918: 12910:Danish Realm 12901: 12881: 12852: 12851: 12830: 12819: 12818: 12801: 12784: 12764: 12736: 12720: 12700: 12677:Sint Maarten 12660: 12643:Figures for 12639: 12618: 12605:include the 12601:Figures for 12597: 12585: 12572: 12571: 12525: 12524: 12506:Russia is a 12502: 12494: 12487:Transnistria 12481: 12480: 12395:Eurodistrict 12345: 12330: 12282: 12250: 12240:, as in the 12226:Roman Empire 12219: 12204:European art 12109: 12054: 12028: 12013: 11970: 11932: 11916:Christianity 11874:and various 11866:, including 11860:Christianity 11857: 11798:Christianity 11783: 11781: 11753: 11739:is the only 11594: 11506:Roman Empire 11491: 11443:South Africa 11392: 11384: 11369: 11339: 11302: 11290: 11275: 11241:Demographics 11220: 11208: 11197: 11190: 11181:Trepča Mines 11126: 11118:Soviet Union 11098: 11080:Fall of the 11062: 10785: 10771:millions of 10714: 10486: 10472:millions of 10451: 10440: 10417: 10397: 10361: 10025:Saint Helier 9770: 9750:Transnistria 9525: 9513:743,000,000 9485:Vatican City 9471:Vatican City 8961:144,526,636 8078:Magyarország 7051: 7013: 6986: 6964: 6941: 6791: 6780: 6758:, different 6741: 6733: 6698: 6607: 6534: 6493: 6442: 6434:Fennoscandia 6431: 6403: 6397:complex and 6352: 6300:Volgo–Uralia 6289: 6237:health risks 6173: 5573: 5565:Adriatic Sea 5554: 5542: 5518: 5403: 5371: 5320:central bank 5284:Vatican City 5262: 5226:Eastern bloc 5218:Iron Curtain 5203: 5174:The two new 5173: 5137:Iron Curtain 5126: 5102:fell in 1945 5079: 5046:, and other 5021: 4977: 4934: 4930:Nazi Germany 4926:Adolf Hitler 4871: 4862:Adolf Hitler 4858:Nazi Germany 4769:Soviet Union 4755: 4752:in 1914–1918 4709:, and later 4701:, Portugal, 4673: 4599:trade unions 4595:child labour 4579: 4568:(1840); the 4566:Temple Works 4538: 4507:Great Powers 4496: 4464:Great Powers 4440:nation state 4408: 4393: 4353:Isaac Newton 4333:New Monarchs 4330: 4301:Golden Horde 4298: 4280:of the vast 4259: 4212: 4206: 4196: 4114:reached the 4096: 4088:Michelangelo 4076:quattrocento 4024:new humanism 4017: 4004:Michelangelo 3994: 3932: 3926: 3899: 3870:Golden Horde 3839: 3807:fell in 1453 3788: 3733: 3679: 3660: 3649: 3638:of medieval 3556:Christianity 3548:East Francia 3525:Christianity 3519: 3492: 3357: 3353:Hagia Sophia 3334: 3330: 3251: 3150:(modern-day 3132:Christianity 3105: 3102:Roman Empire 3090: 3030:architecture 3007: 3002:Ancient Rome 2884: 2865:Ancient Rome 2769: 2753:Chalcolithic 2694: 2682:Riparo Mochi 2635: 2634: 2607: 2506:Eurocentrism 2499: 2483: 2460:Soviet Union 2453: 2438: 2411:Serafimovich 2400: 2367:Obshchy Syrt 2352: 2348:Irtysh River 2337: 2313:Kerch Strait 2290: 2276: 2247: 2225: 2198: 2175: 2152: 2109:Homeric Hymn 2104: 2102: 2094: 2030: 2026:Arctic Ocean 2018:Irtysh River 2002: 1975: 1907: 1897: 1888: 1877: 1864: 1853: 1844: 1833: 1822: 1813: 1804: 1793: 1782: 1771: 1760: 1751: 1742: 1733: 1725:Arctic Ocean 1722: 1715: 1706: 1697: 1688: 1658: 1547: 1461: 1435: 1379: 1322: 1251: 1241: 1237: 1230: 1117:Ōuluóbā zhōu 1093: 1085: 1040: 1032: 1000:has been an 997: 918: 907: 883: 819: 783:Iron Curtain 771:Soviet Union 740: 714:. Since the 702:interest in 700:new humanist 669:ancient Rome 655: 604: 564:Afro-Eurasia 544:Arctic Ocean 527: 526: 515: 507: 499: 295:Dependencies 231:Christianity 99: 84: 75: 40: 27520:Global West 27480:Global East 27439:Pacific Rim 27381:waterbodies 27370:World Ocean 27195:New Zealand 27075:The Guianas 26964:Australasia 26907:West Indies 26835:New England 26815:Great Lakes 26785:Mesoamerica 26672:Middle East 26648:Scandinavia 26537:Middle East 26375:Caspian Sea 26281:Great Lakes 26261:Sub-Saharan 26247:Middle East 26110:Hemispheres 26093:Third World 26083:First World 26036:'s primary 25819:Novopangaea 25687:South China 25667:North China 25166:Open Balkan 24984:integration 24914:Rule of law 24909:Natural law 24886:Agnosticism 24864:Hellenistic 24842:Anglo-Saxon 24772:Catholicism 24711:Atlanticism 24616:Rationalism 24422:Immigration 24405:Esotericism 24263:World War I 24228:Romanticism 24208:Reformation 24188:Renaissance 24166:Middle Ages 24131:Christendom 24060:Foundations 23987:New Zealand 23784:Macedonians 23703:Lithuanians 23647:Belarusians 23551:Circassians 23493:and Ireland 23293:sovereignty 23291:of internal 23271:Isle of Man 23172:territories 23130:recognition 23088:Switzerland 23023:Netherlands 22726:Immigration 22290:Visa policy 22273:enlargement 22169:Open Balkan 22108:Integration 21951:Sovereignty 21897:World War I 21887:Middle Ages 20946:, Chapter I 20755:: 189–226. 20521:22 February 20417:21 December 20267:11 February 18283:19 December 18212:History.com 18174:. Vintage. 15816:Pounds 1979 15596:Pounds 1979 15219:25 December 14866:10550/42071 13865:27 December 12936:, although 12810:East Thrace 12665:Netherlands 12535:Isle of Man 12493:, although 12242:Reconquista 12230:Christendom 12031:irreligious 11892:Anabaptists 11884:Anglicanism 11880:Lutheranism 11808:No religion 11649:Azerbaijani 11518:Switzerland 11427:New Zealand 11376:immigration 11129:free-market 11124:(COMECON). 11082:Berlin Wall 11016:Netherlands 10717:Switzerland 10669:Netherlands 10411:across the 10400:Blue Banana 10168:Isle of Man 9510:10,180,000 9438:66,040,229 9387:42,418,235 9343:84,680,273 9279:Switzerland 9242:10,151,588 9197:48,797,875 8917:18,999,642 8872:10,379,537 8827:38,422,346 8675:17,271,990 8667:Netherlands 8249:20,075,271 8205:58,968,501 8013:10,297,760 7981:Deutschland 7968:82,800,000 7872:67,348,000 7686:10,610,947 7425:11,358,357 6760:crustaceans 6756:echinoderms 6748:zooplankton 6654:polar bears 6517:plantations 6509:rainforests 6473:Carpathians 6449:Gulf Stream 6399:Barents Sea 6379:Carpathians 6235:, bringing 5692:Arkhangelsk 5535:across the 5529:Gulf Stream 5387:Carpathians 5302:formed the 5230:Warsaw Pact 5176:superpowers 5165:Berlin Wall 5145:Warsaw Pact 5090:tank battle 5019:continued. 4973:appeasement 4957:Sudetenland 4829:Great Purge 4638:World War I 4584:started in 4572:started in 4564:Marshall's 4535:Balkan Wars 4525:(1804) and 4321:Nogai Horde 4311:frequently 4294:partitioned 4205:nailed his 4162:, allowing 4152:Netherlands 4080:cinquecento 4012:Renaissance 3977:Reformation 3973:Renaissance 3914:Black Death 3780:Reconquista 3772:Inquisition 3730:(1189–1192) 3698:Magna Carta 3671:Baltic Seas 3620:Middle Ages 3584:Kievan Rus' 3574:), and the 3544:Svatopluk I 3536:West Slavic 3507:Carolingian 3503:Charlemagne 3472:Reconquista 3345:Justinian I 3322:Renaissance 3252:During the 3062:Middle East 3026:engineering 2979:city states 2959:Hippocrates 2919:rationalism 2899:Cleisthenes 2827:Phoenicians 2749:Corded Ware 2678:Cro-Magnons 2610:Pleistocene 2589:15,000 BCE) 2430: 1773 2415:Arkhangelsk 2375:Ural Rivers 2363:Samara Bend 2340:Herman Moll 2317:Sea of Azov 2178:Middle Ages 2129:Rioni River 2121:Anaximander 2014:Herman Moll 1952:printed by 1950:T and O map 1948:A medieval 1919:Caspian Sea 1763:Barents Sea 902:Anaximander 795:Warsaw Pact 692:Middle Ages 679:in 476 CE, 643:Gulf Stream 613:, of which 588:Caspian Sea 323:Most common 237:No religion 27578:Continents 27567:Categories 27261:Ionian Sea 27256:Aegean Sea 27226:Baltic Sea 27158:Antarctica 27010:Micronesia 26979:New Guinea 26937:Portuguese 26860:West Coast 26810:East Coast 26805:Bible Belt 26800:Appalachia 26479:Subregions 26387:Inner Asia 26305:Antarctica 26205:Continents 26178:Antarctica 26153:Landmasses 26063:Down Under 26058:Arab World 26042:subregions 25955:See also: 25857:Hyperborea 25847:continents 25782:Seychelles 25767:Madagascar 25747:Doggerland 25642:Euramerica 25597:Asiamerica 25325:Antarctica 25278:Continents 25186:Rio Treaty 24697:Relativism 24655:Liberalism 24621:Empiricism 24573:Philosophy 24561:Secularism 24512:Philosophy 24449:Literature 24243:Capitalism 23843:Portuguese 23753:Bulgarians 23743:Aromanians 23708:Norwegians 23693:Icelanders 23662:Ukrainians 23611:Kashubians 23606:Hungarians 23058:San Marino 23018:Montenegro 22998:Luxembourg 22978:Kazakhstan 22883:Azerbaijan 22743:Retirement 22645:Philosophy 22640:Literature 22544:endangered 22437:per capita 22425:per capita 22413:per capita 22297:Statistics 22184:statistics 22098:Eurosphere 21872:Prehistory 21860:Chronology 21783:Quotations 21462:5 February 21437:5 February 21021:14 January 20320:Humanities 20257:jus.com.br 20178:1292425355 19616:Capitalism 19238:19 January 18938:: 180214. 18888:World Book 18078:19 January 18046:15 January 18008:15 January 16604:3 November 16596:. London. 16573:3 November 16297:. "Myslʹ. 16272:20 January 16261:Chronicles 16241:20 January 16192:20 January 16150:20 January 16107:20 January 16064:20 January 16022:20 January 15980:20 January 15938:20 January 15894:20 January 15852:20 January 15097:1502.02783 15024:Stonehenge 14091:, p. 178) 14077:Geographia 13328:4 February 13277:28 October 13169:16 January 13143:16 January 13117:16 January 12998:References 12894:Azerbaijan 12825:countries. 12741:Azerbaijan 12713:Ural River 12705:Kazakhstan 12512:North Asia 12410:Euroregion 12353:real wages 12273:Strasbourg 12122:megacities 12073:megacities 11962:Kazakhstan 11958:Azerbaijan 11876:Protestant 11864:Christians 11701:Mingrelian 11550:Lithuanian 11486:See also: 11455:Kazakhstan 11451:North Asia 11431:Cape Verde 11251:See also: 11167:, silver, 10802:27,125,247 10778:Peak Year 10503:19,226,235 10479:Peak Year 10426:share the 10413:Suez Canal 10365:wealth gap 10135:2,166,086 9860:Population 9855:Population 9809:Heligoland 9727:Tskhinvali 9641:1,920,079 9561:Population 9286:8,401,120 9152:2,066,880 9114:Bratislava 9107:5,435,343 9056:7,040,272 9025:San Marino 9019:San Marino 9005:San Marino 8958:3,969,100 8770:5,295,619 8719:2,103,721 8617:Montenegro 8536:3,434,547 8460:Luxembourg 8448:Lëtzebuerg 8427:Luxembourg 8390:2,800,667 8301:1,862,700 8242:Kazakhstan 8154:4,761,865 8065:9,797,561 7935:Sakartvelo 7929:საქართველო 7916:3,718,200 7821:5,509,717 7776:1,328,439 7738:Copenhagen 7731:5,748,796 7629:1,170,125 7584:3,871,833 7532:7,101,859 7481:3,531,159 7373:9,504,700 7342:Azərbaycan 7329:9,911,646 7322:Azerbaijan 7298:Österreich 7285:8,823,054 7233:2,924,816 7145:2,876,591 7101:Population 7095:Population 7014:The least 7007:, and the 6809:See also: 6709:arctic fox 6646:brown bear 6634:carnivores 6395:Baltic Sea 6387:Celtic Sea 6327:Euramerica 6233:heat waves 5832:Copenhagen 5513:dry steppe 5312:parliament 5232:and other 5214:Solidarity 5120:. Several 5017:Phoney War 5008:Winter War 4910:secularism 4868:, in 1940. 4775:, such as 4737:, and the 4636:See also: 4628:Modern era 4601:, and the 4591:first laws 4543:Montenegro 4369:See also: 4341:Copernicus 4223:Protestant 4050:, and the 4044:philosophy 3971:See also: 3790:defeat at 3762:occupying 3702:parliament 3624:See also: 3424:Al-Andalus 3368:Asia Minor 3349:legal code 3262:Ostrogoths 3192:See also: 3160:Theodosius 3107:pax romana 3034:government 3004:(years CE) 2975:Archimedes 2967:Pythagoras 2943:Thucydides 2911:philosophy 2903:democratic 2887:democratic 2859:See also: 2765:Stonehenge 2757:megalithic 2692:(France). 2598:Stonehenge 2531:Prehistory 2480:Emba River 2474:until the 2472:Ural River 2403:1745 atlas 2297:North Asia 2186:Posidonius 2117:Aegean Sea 2078:See also: 2051:continents 2046:Kazakhstan 1917:, and the 1915:Ural River 1825:Baffin Bay 1454:Kazakhstan 1218:See also: 1208:Definition 1184:Frangistan 1150:Ōshū Rengō 1054:Phoenician 943:Phoenician 838:federation 809:, and the 767:world wars 749:, and the 712:modern era 584:Ural River 443:Düsseldorf 389:Time zones 146:Population 27457:Antarctic 27241:Irish Sea 27231:Black Sea 27190:Australia 27139:Caribbean 27116:continent 27090:Patagonia 27020:Polynesia 26998:Melanesia 26991:Zealandia 26969:Australia 26855:Southwest 26775:Caribbean 26552:Near East 26193:submerged 26188:Zealandia 26183:Australia 26073:Old World 26068:New World 25928:Greenland 25792:Zealandia 25757:Jan Mayen 25742:Cathaysia 25662:Laurentia 25657:Laramidia 25647:Kalaharia 25602:Atlantica 25535:Kenorland 25355:Australia 25131:Five Eyes 25126:EU–UK TCA 24968:Democracy 24857:Old Norse 24746:Abrahamic 24703:Peritrope 24685:Tolerance 24665:Socialism 24495:Mythology 24483:Classical 24432:Languages 24410:Astrology 24258:Modernism 24072:Old World 24007:Venezuela 23967:Australia 23962:Argentina 23936:Corsicans 23923:Quebecois 23873:Galicians 23863:Canarians 23853:Asturians 23848:Spaniards 23795:Moldovans 23789:Romanians 23729:Albanians 23683:Estonians 23577:Austrians 23561:Georgians 23541:Armenians 23221:Gibraltar 23170:Dependent 22993:Lithuania 22736:by region 22596:sculpture 22551:Tattooing 22539:Languages 22529:Etiquette 22432:GDP (PPP) 22356:Transport 22226:Education 22214:relations 22041:Mountains 21972:Geography 21719:Geography 21307:9 January 21233:9 January 21146:9 January 21124:9 January 21051:West Asia 20458:159266278 20361:: 70–84. 20334:8 October 20299:18 August 19665:1 January 19601:21 August 19565:21 August 19410:23 August 19384:23 August 19089:6 October 18544:144307581 18423:4 January 17002:13 August 16681:(1990) . 15122:0028-0836 14819:249520231 14697:Atapuerca 14287:23 August 13965:Histories 13891:13 August 13834:157454140 13723:162196643 13715:0022-7498 13245:17 August 13185:"Reports" 12906:Greenland 12890:West Asia 12866:West Asia 12773:West Asia 12729:West Asia 12693:The Hague 12689:Amsterdam 12681:Caribbean 12679:, in the 12626:includes 12582:West Asia 12455:Modernity 12325:Barcelona 12120:European 12097:Barcelona 11904:Methodism 11788:Pew Forum 11609:Hungarian 11530:Gibraltar 11465:Languages 11423:Australia 11403:Argentina 11348:Migration 11227:recession 11185:Mitrovica 11020:1,398,445 10996:1,814,629 10972:2,553,108 10948:3,452,506 10924:3,831,533 10900:4,029,438 10874:4,169,071 10850:5,857,856 10826:6,452,309 10697:1,113,561 10673:1,142,513 10649:1,647,114 10625:2,292,470 10601:2,408,655 10577:3,130,014 10553:3,495,261 10527:4,591,100 10424:countries 10369:Northwest 10128:Greenland 10105:Gibraltar 10088:Gibraltar 9945:Mariehamn 9865:(per km) 9842:Sovereign 9570:(per km) 9249:Stockholm 9165:Slovenija 9159:Ljubljana 9120:Slovensko 8924:Bucharest 8688:Nederland 8682:Amsterdam 8643:Црна Гора 8637:Crna Gora 8631:Podgorica 8454:Luxemburg 8382:Lithuania 8268:Qazaqstan 8262:Қазақстан 8116:Reykjavík 7551:Bǎlgariya 7158:Shqipëria 7106:(per km) 6768:octopuses 6642:omnivores 6626:Neolithic 6573:grassland 6537:broadleaf 6503:forests, 6481:livestock 6477:Apennines 6469:Dinarides 6391:North Sea 6344:Greenland 6319:Laurentia 6060:Astrakhan 5810:Edinburgh 5740:Stockholm 5626:Reykjavík 5605:Longitude 5577:latitudes 5521:temperate 5354:Geography 5061:" at the 5059:Big Three 4949:Anschluss 4941:Rhineland 4890:Mussolini 4789:Lithuania 4766:communist 4557:in 1878. 4452:education 4307:from the 4116:New World 3955:epidemics 3951:virulence 3918:pandemics 3846:Pechenegs 3830:Batu Khan 3804:Byzantium 3792:Manzikert 3768:Holy Land 3764:Jerusalem 3682:Feudalism 3538:state of 3310:Pechenegs 3266:Visigoths 3194:Dark Ages 3148:Byzantium 3136:legalised 3078:Britannia 2955:Euripides 2951:Sophocles 2939:Herodotus 2923:Aristotle 2881:(432 BCE) 2875:Parthenon 2815:Myceneans 2713:Near East 2684:(Italy), 2654:Atapuerca 2556:Solutrean 2466:, on the 2419:John Cary 2323:(ancient 2309:Black Sea 2232:Byzantium 2182:Roman era 2145:River Don 2137:Herodotus 2125:Hecataeus 2057:—namely, 2033:East-West 1927:Black Sea 1889:Norwegian 1659:Far. (Dk) 1484:Lithuania 1380:Gib. (UK) 949:elements 898:world map 718:, led by 596:Black Sea 576:watershed 532:continent 458:Barcelona 365:Ukrainian 319:Languages 275:Sovereign 271:Countries 224:Religions 48:detected: 16:Continent 26984:Tasmania 26932:Hispanic 26795:Northern 26742:Germanic 26720:Atlantic 26662:Southern 26623:Northern 26589:Caucasus 26525:Dead Sea 26496:Caucasus 26464:Southern 26457:Maritime 26452:Mainland 26425:Northern 26406:Far East 26365:Aral Sea 26288:Southern 26232:Northern 25986:Category 25852:Atlantis 25837:Mythical 25772:Mauritia 25737:Beringia 25622:Cimmeria 25617:Chilenia 25607:Avalonia 25587:Amazonia 25570:Vaalbara 25555:Pannotia 25540:Laurasia 25530:Gondwana 25525:Columbia 25453:Americas 25191:Schengen 25121:Eurozone 24961:Property 24956:Religion 24847:Frankish 24837:Germanic 24817:Paganism 24738:Religion 24726:European 24638:Humanism 24541:Religion 24500:Painting 24466:Internet 24417:Folklore 24388:Clothing 24359:Calendar 24335:Cyrillic 24320:Alphabet 24283:Cold War 23992:Pakistan 23904:Walloons 23897:Flanders 23891:Belgians 23868:Catalans 23833:Italians 23758:Cypriots 23748:Bosnians 23735:Kosovars 23698:Latvians 23657:Russians 23626:Slovenes 23556:Chechens 23534:Caucasus 23520:Scottish 23428:Category 23413:Holy See 23363:Scotland 23333:Svalbard 23318:of 1921) 23254:Guernsey 23249:Alderney 23139:Abkhazia 23073:Slovenia 23068:Slovakia 23043:Portugal 22903:Bulgaria 22778:Category 22681:Armorial 22650:Religion 22591:painting 22280:Politics 22258:Eurozone 22082:Politics 22068:Villages 21946:Military 21939:By topic 21844:articles 21679:Geacron 21483:(2005). 21453:"Europe" 21428:"Europe" 21410:Archived 21398:Archived 21387:Archived 21374:Archived 21360:Archived 21338:26 March 21332:Archived 21285:Archived 21272:Archived 21259:Archived 21246:Archived 21241:Euronews 21211:Archived 21198:Archived 21185:Archived 21172:Archived 21159:Archived 21093:Archived 21081:Archived 21070:Archived 21057:Archived 21043:Archived 21012:Archived 20940:Archived 20912:Archived 20882:Archived 20849:Archived 20819:28 April 20793:29 April 20769:43189345 20714:28 April 20679:Archived 20649:28 April 20544:Archived 20515:Archived 20490:Archived 20462:Archived 20394:BBC News 20386:Archived 20261:Archived 20235:28 April 20183:28 April 20141:Archived 20136:(2002). 20117:Archived 19996:28 April 19973:Archived 19958:Eurostat 19950:Archived 19899:Archived 19874:28 April 19868:Archived 19840:Archived 19804:17 March 19798:Archived 19768:Archived 19748:Archived 19683:, p. 117 19659:Archived 19619:Archived 19499:Archived 19474:Archived 19353:. Europa 19314:84143178 19263:Archived 19259:BBC News 19174:Archived 19148:Archived 19112:"Europe" 18970:30375988 18864:Archived 18840:Archived 18813:29 March 18807:Archived 18775:Archived 18743:Archived 18739:BBC News 18692:12 March 18686:Archived 18596:Archived 18476:Archived 18445:Archived 18417:Archived 18413:BBC News 18387:Archived 18370:BBC News 18362:Archived 18277:Archived 18216:Archived 18141:Archived 18105:Archived 18069:Archived 18037:Archived 17940:Archived 17906:Archived 17881:Archived 17749:Archived 17729:Archived 17666:Archived 17647:Archived 17623:Archived 17585:Archived 17508:Archived 17331:(1989). 17265:(2006). 17211:24 March 17205:Archived 17178:Archived 17135:Archived 17109:Archived 17091:(2014). 17067:Archived 17049:(2004). 17022:Archived 16996:Archived 16957:Archived 16918:Archived 16627:Archived 16598:Archived 16567:Archived 16507:Archived 16477:Archived 16450:, 1995. 16446:London: 16427:Archived 16360:Archived 16309:Archived 16266:Archived 16199:century. 16186:Archived 16144:Archived 16101:Archived 16058:Archived 16016:Archived 15974:Archived 15888:Archived 15846:Archived 15653:conquest 15571:Archived 15532:Archived 15446:Archived 15386:(1981). 15354:(1981). 15296:Archived 15252:Archived 15140:25731166 14987:(1996). 14963:Archived 14932:22189428 14884:25341783 14811:35676354 14723:Archived 14690:Archived 14674:32726786 14666:12098694 14611:Archived 14559:36859578 14387:Archived 14364:"Europe" 14337:Archived 14281:Archived 14224:Archived 14141:Archived 14113:(2002). 14085:Archived 14060:Archived 13943:Archived 13912:Archived 13881:"Cyprus" 13851:"Europe" 13826:20029452 13754:Archived 13751:"Europe" 13727:Archived 13662:Archived 13632:Archived 13603:Archived 13564:Archived 13528:21 March 13522:BBC News 13479:Archived 13456:16 April 13450:Archived 13402:Archived 13350:. 1999. 13297:Archived 13293:"Europe" 13268:Archived 13236:Archived 13163:Archived 13137:Archived 13111:Archived 13020:Archived 12938:de facto 12858:Abkhazia 12790:achieved 12786:de facto 12777:Abkhazia 12603:Portugal 12586:de facto 12559:Alderney 12557:include 12549:. Other 12531:Guernsey 12495:de facto 12367:See also 12321:Camp Nou 12317:Football 12244:and the 12224:and the 12179:Istanbul 12077:Istanbul 12075:. While 12039:agnostic 12020:Buddhism 12016:Hinduism 11928:identity 11898:such as 11886:and the 11868:Catholic 11838:Hinduism 11828:Buddhism 11769:Religion 11697:Georgian 11647:include 11601:Estonian 11590:Albanian 11586:Armenian 11447:Russians 11223:Eurostat 11212:Eurozone 11137:Cold War 11093:Eurozone 10760:Country 10461:Country 10391:and the 10203:Svalbard 10132:Denmark 10065:Tórshavn 10052:Denmark 10018:100,080 9932:Finland 9793:Svalbard 9787:and two 9764:Tiraspol 9757:475,665 9678:313,626 9648:Pristina 9604:243,206 9597:Abkhazia 9528:de facto 9435:244,820 9384:603,628 9311:Svizzera 9239:450,295 9194:505,990 9144:Slovenia 9099:Slovakia 9063:Belgrade 8914:238,397 8885:Portugal 8864:Portugal 8824:312,685 8767:385,203 8624:642,550 8543:Chișinău 8499:Valletta 8492:445,426 8435:602,005 8246:148,000 8202:301,338 8109:350,710 8106:103,000 8072:Budapest 8010:131,957 7965:357,168 7869:547,030 7828:Helsinki 7818:338,455 7597:Hrvatska 7545:България 7529:110,910 7524:Bulgaria 7488:Sarajevo 7444:Belgique 7432:Brussels 7386:Беларусь 7370:207,560 7252:Hayastan 7246:Հայաստան 6993:Eurozone 6956:monarchy 6952:republic 6795:Politics 6772:dolphins 6770:, fish, 6752:molluscs 6658:Svalbard 6618:predator 6521:conifers 6513:Cork oak 6461:Pyrenees 6459:and the 6414:Avalonia 6371:Pyrenees 6339:Laurasia 6331:Gondwana 6315:Columbia 6231:such as 6152:Istanbul 6108:Valencia 6038:Belgrade 5994:Bordeaux 5924:Brussels 5854:Klaipėda 5762:Helsinki 5620:average 5602:Latitude 5599:Location 5408:and the 5383:Pyrenees 5374:Eurasian 5254:Budapest 5212:and the 5169:Cold War 5118:refugees 5050:forces. 4937:Saarland 4735:Bulgaria 4654:Cold War 4539:de facto 4278:hegemony 4272:and the 4148:Americas 4052:sciences 4032:monastic 4020:Florence 3879:Walachia 3875:Moldavia 3848:and the 3766:and the 3758:against 3694:monarchy 3692:and the 3690:nobility 3644:Crusades 3594:adopted 3532:1000 CE) 3499:Clovis I 3456:Asturias 3452:Pyrenees 3440:Frankish 3420:Pyrenees 3412:Asturias 3376:Caucasus 3326:Petrarch 3233:in 814: 3152:Istanbul 3130:tribes. 3128:Scottish 3120:Germanic 3098:Augustus 3054:Portugal 3046:Hispania 3022:language 3018:politics 2927:Socrates 2915:humanism 2719:and the 2711:and the 2709:Anatolia 2703:and the 2690:Isturitz 2630:Holocene 2614:glacials 2468:Kara Sea 2458:and the 2388:Voltaire 2365:, along 2346:and the 2344:Ob River 2319:and the 2024:and the 2022:Ob River 1986:Anatolia 1867:Atlantic 1845:Ligurian 1598:Slovakia 1563:Portugal 1317:Bulgaria 1164:katakana 1045:Akkadian 941:) was a 900:made by 793:and the 779:Cold War 773:and the 732:Americas 724:Portugal 481:– Europe 419:Istanbul 370:Romanian 308:Internal 299:External 284:De facto 265:European 27185:Oceania 27173:by area 27129:America 27106:Islands 26956:Oceania 26825:Midwest 26780:Central 26747:Romance 26715:Western 26584:Balkans 26579:Eastern 26574:Central 26542:Mashriq 26486:Western 26430:Siberia 26382:Eastern 26360:Central 26293:Western 26266:Central 26242:Mashriq 26237:Maghreb 26227:Saharan 26173:America 26166:Eurasia 26038:regions 25872:Meropis 25867:Lemuria 25682:Siberia 25632:Cuyania 25612:Baltica 25592:Arctica 25560:Rodinia 25550:Pangaea 25483:Oceania 25468:Eurasia 25036:Benelux 24941:Thought 24891:Atheism 24832:Finnish 24808:Culture 24803:Judaism 24765:Eastern 24761:Western 24756:Culture 24690:Paradox 24556:Decline 24517:Science 24393:History 24381:Studies 24364:Cuisine 24352:Periods 24312:Culture 24141:History 24107:Eastern 24102:Western 24053:culture 24002:Tunisia 23982:Morocco 23957:America 23931:Bretons 23858:Basques 23838:Maltese 23621:Slovaks 23592:Germans 23505:English 23500:Cornish 23491:Britain 23358:England 23301:Finland 23181:Denmark 23098:Ukraine 23048:Romania 23008:Moldova 22968:Ireland 22963:Iceland 22958:Hungary 22948:Germany 22943:Georgia 22933:Finland 22928:Estonia 22923:Denmark 22908:Croatia 22893:Belgium 22888:Belarus 22878:Austria 22873:Armenia 22868:Andorra 22863:Albania 22762:Outline 22677:Symbols 22665:Judaism 22630:Cuisine 22578:Culture 22566:Erasmus 22512:Society 22331:History 22315:Economy 22268:Members 22209:Economy 22046:Regions 22031:Islands 22026:Geology 22011:Climate 21852:History 21693:Portals 21630:at the 21619:at the 21475:Sources 21330:. FAO. 20888:30 July 20858:30 July 20685:30 July 20209:10 June 20099:10 June 19970:CIA.gov 19774:30 July 19734:, p. 23 19721:, p. 29 19480:30 July 19450:19 July 19357:29 June 19294:Bibcode 19269:30 July 19128:10 June 19084:Reuters 18961:6207062 18940:Bibcode 18898:16 June 18781:30 July 18770:El Pais 18749:16 July 18536:1405220 18482:9 March 18451:30 July 18222:26 July 18150:30 July 18114:30 July 17946:30 July 17887:30 July 17802:10 June 17755:11 July 17710:12 June 17582:Slavery 17248:2144276 17184:30 July 17115:30 July 17073:30 July 16924:30 July 16657:(1969) 16538:1 April 16393:10 June 16372:, 2007. 16341:10 June 16315:30 July 15577:30 July 15538:30 July 15452:30 July 15418:, 1993. 15302:30 July 15258:30 July 15177:Science 15131:5048219 15102:Bibcode 15030:, 1956) 14991:(ed.). 14969:30 July 14912:Bibcode 14875:4753769 14846:Bibcode 14789:Bibcode 14729:30 July 14646:Bibcode 14638:Science 14617:30 July 14587:30 July 14550:9977688 14529:Bibcode 14393:30 July 14233:30 July 14147:30 July 13993:Strabo 13760:in the 13736:30 July 13668:30 July 13638:30 July 13609:30 July 13570:30 July 13488:30 July 13408:30 July 13303:30 July 13199:21 July 13091:17 July 13057:17 July 13026:30 July 12934:Ukraine 12870:Georgia 12843:unclear 12769:Georgia 12751:of the 12749:exclave 12725:Armenia 12673:Curaçao 12651:: some 12611:Madeira 12545:of the 12277:Trieste 12216:(StAGN) 12188:Culture 12035:atheist 12005:Germany 11952:and in 11938:Albania 11922:of the 11918:played 11810:(18.3%) 11800:(76.2%) 11790:, 2016 11737:Maltese 11717:Chechen 11709:Georgia 11669:Chuvash 11665:Bashkir 11657:Turkish 11641:Hungary 11637:Finland 11633:Estonia 11605:Finnish 11574:Cornish 11556:group ( 11552:), the 11546:Latvian 11544:group ( 11538:English 11526:Moldova 11522:Romania 11504:of the 11399:Uruguay 11393:Today, 11177:bauxite 11155:One of 11084:in 1989 11044:912,852 11040:Romania 10846:Germany 10745:844,623 10721:938,458 10523:Germany 10447:Ukraine 10381:Eastern 10224:Economy 10210:61,022 10207:Norway 10185:Douglas 10178:83,314 10138:55,877 10098:32,194 10058:50,778 9978:65,849 9938:29,489 9869:Capital 9862:density 9720:53,532 9685:Nicosia 9638:10,908 9611:Sukhumi 9574:Capital 9406:Ukraina 9400:Україна 9380:Ukraine 9356:Türkiye 9340:23,764 9299:Schweiz 9283:41,285 9255:Sverige 9149:20,273 9104:49,035 9053:88,361 9012:33,285 8980:Rossiya 8930:România 8909:Romania 8869:92,212 8716:25,713 8672:41,543 8621:13,812 8583:18,713 8580:38,400 8549:Moldova 8533:33,846 8529:Moldova 8403:Lietuva 8397:Vilnius 8387:65,300 8345:38,111 8314:Latvija 8298:64,589 8173:Ireland 8151:70,280 8146:Ireland 8102:Iceland 8062:93,030 8057:Hungary 7960:Germany 7923:Tbilisi 7913:69,700 7909:Georgia 7840:Finland 7813:Finland 7783:Tallinn 7773:45,226 7768:Estonia 7744:Danmark 7728:43,094 7723:Denmark 7683:78,866 7636:Nicosia 7581:56,594 7576:Croatia 7478:51,129 7450:Belgien 7428:372.06 7422:30,528 7417:Belgium 7392:Belaruś 7366:Belarus 7326:86,600 7282:83,858 7277:Austria 7240:Yerevan 7230:29,743 7226:Armenia 7202:Andorra 7189:77,281 7182:Andorra 7142:28,748 7138:Albania 7110:Capital 7103:density 7020:Belarus 7001:Benelux 6717:martens 6705:red fox 6693:Belarus 6581:Ukraine 6530:Iceland 6406:Baltica 6323:Rodinia 6308:Baltica 6268:Geology 6247:and an 6086:Coimbra 5718:Lerwick 5613:Hottest 5608:Coldest 5569:Trieste 5424:Climate 5414:Iceland 5344:Ukraine 5300:Euratom 5276:Belarus 5258:Trieste 5220:at the 5206:reforms 5153:Trieste 4945:Austria 4902:Atatürk 4900:and in 4894:fascist 4781:Estonia 4777:Finland 4731:Germany 4719:Romania 4695:Belgium 4551:Romania 4531:Balkans 4519:Britain 4492:Germany 4472:Austria 4468:Prussia 4349:Galileo 4262:decline 4249:at the 4239:Germany 4103:Avignon 4084:Raphael 4056:royalty 4000:Raphael 3943:beggars 3858:Eurasia 3813:by the 3760:Muslims 3756:crusade 3746:in the 3578:(later 3568:Kingdom 3566:(later 3464:Galicia 3446:at the 3442:leader 3318:Magyars 3306:Vikings 3302:Bulgars 3274:Vandals 3124:Pictish 3082:England 3076:), and 3074:Belgium 3056:), the 2935:history 2788:Yamnaya 2705:Balkans 2670:Germany 2646:hominin 2642:Georgia 2600:in the 2579:Lascaux 2568:culture 2558:culture 2520:History 2502:Eurasia 2301:Eurasia 2293:Muscovy 2194:Ptolemy 2165:at the 2133:Georgia 2063:Melilla 1978:Iceland 1966:Japheth 1834:Gulf of 1794:Caspian 1674:Armenia 1651:Kingdom 1642:Ukraine 1570:Romania 1533:N. Mac. 1526:Nether. 1505:Moldova 1447:S. Mar. 1423:Ireland 1416:Iceland 1409:Hungary 1395:Georgia 1388:Germany 1365:Finland 1358:Estonia 1351:Denmark 1335:Croatia 1325:Channel 1296:Belarus 1282:Austria 1275:Andorra 1168:Yōroppa 1076:ma'arav 1067:maghreb 1024:Europos 1020:toponym 1002:epithet 910:Maritsa 874:India's 797:in the 789:in the 785:, with 736:Oceania 708:science 619:largest 617:is the 578:of the 574:by the 560:Eurasia 355:Spanish 350:Italian 340:English 330:Russian 260:Demonym 239:(18.3%) 233:(76.2%) 27573:Europe 27472:Global 27462:Arctic 27401:Rivers 27379:Other 27313:Oceans 27168:Europe 27124:Africa 26917:French 26790:Middle 26752:Slavic 26737:Celtic 26638:Nordic 26628:Baltic 26566:Europe 26520:Levant 26214:Africa 26050:Worlds 25908:Arabia 25903:Alaska 25843:, and 25814:Aurica 25809:Amasia 25672:Pampia 25370:Europe 25310:Africa 25056:CANZUK 24946:Speech 24874:Slavic 24852:Gothic 24827:Celtic 24822:Baltic 24721:Values 24522:Values 24082:Greece 23977:Canada 23972:Brazil 23917:French 23779:Greeks 23713:Swedes 23587:Croats 23582:Czechs 23326:Norway 23144:Kosovo 23093:Turkey 23083:Sweden 23063:Serbia 23053:Russia 23038:Poland 23033:Norway 23013:Monaco 22983:Latvia 22953:Greece 22938:France 22913:Cyprus 22847:Europe 22783:Portal 22704:Ageing 22613:Cinema 22346:Energy 22051:Rivers 22006:Cities 21842: 21840:Europe 21727:Europe 21707:Europe 21617:Europe 21608:Europe 21590: 21569: 21548: 21526: 21507: 21491: 21404:, and 21193:UNICEF 21180:UNESCO 20964: 20767: 20618: 20593: 20568: 20456: 20176: 20166: 19932:2 June 19905:10 May 19701: 19312: 19212:9 June 19180:9 June 19154:9 June 19029:9 July 18998:EDJNet 18968: 18958: 18861:Europe 18846:28 May 18835:ft.com 18542: 18534: 18348:, 439. 18336:, 519. 18324:, 511. 18312:, 532. 18300:, 510. 18254: 18197:, 438. 18178: 17977: 17932: 17873: 17853:, 443. 17834: 17781:, 440. 17565: 17540: 17489: 17433: 17408: 17379: 17345: 17302: 17273: 17246: 17170: 17146: 17101: 17059: 17033: 16846: 16795: 16724: 16691: 16665: 16642: 16504:Famine 16454: 16411: 16366:", in 16301: 16232: 16178: 16136: 16093: 16050: 16008: 15966: 15929: 15880: 15838: 15747: 15563: 15524: 15501: 15438: 15394: 15366: 15325: 15288: 15244: 15138: 15128: 15120: 15083:Nature 15055: 15003: 14955: 14930: 14882: 14872: 14838:Nature 14817: 14809: 14781:Nature 14672: 14664: 14557: 14547: 14520:Nature 14484: 14460: 14435: 14372:, 1906 14273: 14186: 14133: 14082:vol. 2 14057:p. 738 14051: 14014: 13974:p. 244 13949:9 June 13922: 13832: 13824: 13786: 13721: 13713: 13695:Kadmos 13595: 13556: 13394: 13354: 13081:(XSLX) 12839:Serbia 12835:Kosovo 12806:Turkey 12675:, and 12645:France 12632:Kosovo 12628:Kosovo 12624:Serbia 12607:Azores 12578:Cyprus 12539:Jersey 12537:, and 12533:, the 12291:, the 12287:, the 12269:Celtic 12265:Basque 12253:Slavic 12151:London 12137:Moscow 12103:, and 12101:Berlin 12085:Madrid 12065:London 12061:Moscow 12009:Russia 11993:France 11973:Jewish 11950:Turkey 11906:, and 11850: 11844: 11840:(0.2%) 11836: 11834: 11830:(0.2%) 11826: 11824: 11820:(4.9%) 11816: 11814: 11806: 11804: 11796: 11794: 11745:Basque 11733:Adyghe 11727:; and 11725:Lezgin 11653:Kazakh 11629:Udmurt 11625:Moksha 11578:Breton 11554:Celtic 11542:Baltic 11508:; the 11411:Brazil 11259:, and 11198:After 11173:cobalt 11169:nickel 11161:mining 11157:Kosovo 11106:Franco 11037: 11013: 10992:Poland 10989: 10965: 10941: 10920:Turkey 10917: 10892: 10870:France 10867: 10843: 10822:Russia 10819: 10793: 10741:Poland 10738: 10693:Turkey 10690: 10666: 10642: 10621:Russia 10618: 10594: 10573:France 10570: 10545: 10520: 10494: 10443:Monaco 10236:, and 10213:2,667 10141:0.028 10101:4,328 10055:1,399 10015:118.2 9981:844.0 9941:18.36 9935:1,580 9897:7,700 9844:state 9830:Symbol 9754:4,163 9717:3,900 9675:3,355 9634:Kosovo 9601:8,660 9541:Symbol 9504:Total 9481:2,272 9478:1,000 9445:London 9441:270.7 9350:Ankara 9346:106.7 9336:Turkey 9317:Svizra 9305:Suisse 9234:Sweden 9210:España 9204:Madrid 9155:101.8 9110:111.0 9075:Србија 9069:Srbija 9049:Serbia 8974:Россия 8968:Moscow 8954:Russia 8879:Lisbon 8840:Polska 8834:Warsaw 8830:123.5 8819:Poland 8763:Norway 8726:Skopje 8678:414.9 8593:Monaco 8587:Monaco 8577:2.020 8573:Monaco 8539:101.5 8495:1,410 8438:233.7 8432:2,586 8293:Latvia 8256:Astana 8218:Italia 8208:195.7 8161:Dublin 8122:Ísland 8068:105.3 8032:Elláda 8026:Ελλάδα 8020:Athens 8005:Greece 7975:Berlin 7885:France 7864:France 7734:133.9 7693:Prague 7654:Kıbrıs 7648:Kýpros 7642:Κύπρος 7632:123.4 7626:9,251 7621:Cyprus 7591:Zagreb 7484:68.97 7438:België 7292:Vienna 7236:101.5 7192:179.8 7152:Tirana 7028:Turkey 7026:, and 7024:Russia 7003:, the 6999:, the 6976:. The 6821:, and 6776:whales 6764:squids 6719:, the 6711:, the 6689:Poland 6636:) and 6630:wolves 6577:steppe 6561:tundra 6549:spruce 6445:forest 6393:, the 6389:, the 6359:plains 6335:Pangea 6134:40.5 N 6130:Naples 6112:39.5 N 6020:45.5 N 6016:Venice 5972:50.5 N 5946:Kraków 5928:50.5 N 5880:55.5 N 5876:Moscow 5858:55.5 N 5836:55.5 N 5814:55.5 N 5744:59.5 N 5699:40.5 E 5696:64.5 N 5677:25.5 E 5618:Annual 5545:Aveiro 5511: 5502: 5493: 5484: 5474: 5465: 5456: 5449:tundra 5447: 5439:Biomes 5334:. The 5298:, and 5286:. The 5282:, and 5280:Russia 5250:Vienna 5246:Prague 5242:Berlin 5228:, the 5149:Berlin 5048:allied 5012:Narvik 4998:. The 4984:Danzig 4980:Poland 4823:to do 4821:Gulags 4817:kulaks 4809:Stalin 4805:famine 4785:Latvia 4715:Greece 4705:, the 4703:Russia 4699:Serbia 4691:France 4656:, and 4547:Serbia 4484:formed 4454:. The 4377:, and 4345:Kepler 4313:raided 4305:Tatars 4290:Deluge 4276:. The 4064:Medici 3983:, and 3947:lepers 3910:France 3906:crisis 3866:Tatars 3854:Slavic 3842:Turkic 3826:Suzdal 3778:, the 3736:Papacy 3686:France 3618:, and 3572:Empire 3562:, the 3558:: the 3489:in 843 3483:Viking 3462:, and 3416:Basque 3408:Muslim 3404:Iberia 3394:, and 3392:Sicily 3380:Cyprus 3316:, and 3314:Cumans 3290:Saxons 3286:Angles 3282:Franks 3070:France 3042:Greece 2973:, and 2971:Euclid 2921:under 2907:Athens 2879:Athens 2839:Greece 2823:Greeks 2747:. The 2717:Danube 2701:Greece 2674:Poland 2583:France 2564: 2562: 2554: 2552: 2456:Russia 2325:Tanais 2315:, the 2311:, the 2307:, the 2252:Alcuin 2248:Europa 2240:Iberia 2203:, the 2192:, and 2190:Strabo 2149:Strabo 2105:Eurṓpē 2067:Africa 2042:Russia 1925:, the 1913:, the 1805:Celtic 1774:Biscay 1772:Bay of 1745:Aegean 1734:Baltic 1681:Cyprus 1649:United 1635:Turkey 1628:erland 1626:Switz- 1619:Sweden 1591:Serbia 1577:Russia 1556:Poland 1540:Norway 1477:Liech. 1470:Latvia 1402:Greece 1372:France 1310:Bosnia 1201:Evropa 1195:Avrupa 1190:Franks 1099:Ōuzhōu 1094:Europa 1089:Eurṓpē 1072:Hebrew 1063:Arabic 1036:Eurṓpē 993:Eurṓpē 938:Eurṓpē 933:Εὐρώπη 925:Europa 914:Thrace 860:and a 836:and a 805:, the 745:, the 694:. 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