Cornish language - Knowledge

1000: 2007:(Ȝ ȝ) is used in certain Middle Cornish texts, where it is used to represent a variety of sounds, including the dental fricatives /θ/ and /ð/, a usage which is unique to Middle Cornish and is never found in Middle English. Middle Cornish scribes tend to use ⟨c⟩ for /k/ before back vowels, and ⟨k⟩ for /k/ before front vowels, though this is not always true, and this rule is less consistent in certain texts. Middle Cornish scribes almost universally use ⟨wh⟩ to represent /ʍ/ (or /hw/), as in Middle English. Middle Cornish, especially towards the end of this period, tends to use orthographic ⟨g⟩ and ⟨b⟩ in word-final position in stressed monosyllables, and ⟨k⟩ and ⟨p⟩ in word-final position in unstressed final syllables, to represent the reflexes of late Brittonic /ɡ/ and /b/, respectively. 1858: 862: 2061:, which features a number of orthographic, and phonological, distinctions not found in Unified Cornish. Kernewek Kemmyn is characterised by the use of universal ⟨k⟩ for /k/ (instead of ⟨c⟩ before back vowels as in Unified); ⟨hw⟩ for /hw/, instead of ⟨wh⟩ as in Unified; and ⟨y⟩, ⟨oe⟩, and ⟨eu⟩ to represent the phonemes /ɪ/, /o/, and /œ/ respectively, which are not found in Unified Cornish. Criticism of all of these systems, especially Kernewek Kemmyn, by Nicolas Williams, resulted in the creation of Unified Cornish Revised, a modified version of Nance's orthography, featuring: an additional phoneme not distinguished by Nance, "ö in German 1797:. Estimates of the number of Cornish speakers vary according to the definition of a speaker, and is difficult to determine accurately due to the individualised nature of language take-up. Nevertheless, there is recognition that the number of Cornish speakers is growing. From before the 1980s to the end of the 20th century there was a sixfold increase in the number of speakers to around 300. One figure for the number of people who know a few basic words, such as knowing that "Kernow" means "Cornwall", was 300,000; the same survey gave the number of people able to have simple conversations as 3,000. 1355: 15779: 3855: 4157:

enormous pressure on finding a single orthography that could be used in unison. The revival of Cornish required extensive rebuilding. The Cornish orthographies that were reconstructed may be considered versions of Cornish because they are not traditional sociolinguistic variations. In the middle-to-late twentieth century, the debate over Cornish orthographies angered more people because several language groups received public funding. This caused other groups to sense favouritism as playing a role in the debate.

1930:'s policy is to support the language, in line with the European Charter. A motion was passed in November 2009 in which the council promoted the inclusion of Cornish, as appropriate and where possible, in council publications and on signs. This plan has drawn some criticism. In October 2015, The council announced that staff would be encouraged to use "basic words and phrases" in Cornish when dealing with the public. In 2021 Cornwall Council prohibited a marriage ceremony from being conducted in Cornish as the 970: 773: 3705: 1991:(Ƿ, ƿ) for /w/, had come into use, allowing documents written at this time to be distinguished from Old Welsh, which rarely uses these characters, and Old Breton, which does not use them at all. Old Cornish features include using initial ⟨ch⟩, ⟨c⟩, or ⟨k⟩ for /k/, and, in internal and final position, ⟨p⟩, ⟨t⟩, ⟨c⟩, ⟨b⟩, ⟨d⟩, and ⟨g⟩ are generally used for the phonemes /b/, /d/, /ɡ/, /β/, /ð/, and /ɣ/ respectively, meaning that the results of Brittonic 12532: 14024: 5471: 5457: 4609: 496: 549: 1774: 1250: 2042:, a system based on a standardization of the orthography of the early Middle Cornish texts. Nance's system was used by almost all Revived Cornish speakers and writers until the 1970s. Criticism of Nance's system, particularly the relationship of spelling to sounds and the phonological basis of Unified Cornish, resulted in rival orthographies appearing by the early 1980s, including Gendal's 1694:. The publication of this book is often considered to be the point at which the revival movement started. Jenner wrote about the Cornish language in 1905, "one may fairly say that most of what there was of it has been preserved, and that it has been continuously preserved, for there has never been a time when there were not some Cornishmen who knew some Cornish." 1717:) for most of the 20th century. During the 1970s, criticism of Nance's system, including the inconsistent orthography and unpredictable correspondence between spelling and pronunciation, as well as on other grounds such as the archaic basis of Unified and a lack of emphasis on the spoken language, resulted in the creation of several rival systems. In the 1980s, 1180:), with "the commoners of Devonshyre and Cornwall" producing a manifesto demanding a return to the old religious services and included an article that concluded, "and so we the Cornyshe men (whereof certen of us understande no Englysh) utterly refuse thys newe Englysh." In response to their articles, the government spokesman (either 552: 551: 556: 555: 550: 2454:

A substantial number of loan words from English and to a lesser extent French entered the Cornish language throughout its history. Whereas only 5% of the vocabulary of the Old Cornish Vocabularium Cornicum is thought to be borrowed from English, and only 10% of the lexicon of the early modern Cornish

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of Zennor, who died in 1891. However, although it is clear Davey possessed some traditional knowledge in addition to having read books on Cornish, accounts differ of his competence in the language. Some contemporaries stated he was able to converse on certain topics in Cornish whereas others affirmed

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in Cornish, with an English translation, which was probably the last prose written in the traditional language. In his letter, he describes the sociolinguistics of the Cornish language at the time, stating that there are no more than four or five old people in his village who can still speak Cornish,

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The revival entered a period of factionalism and public disputes, with each orthography attempting to push the others aside. By the time that Cornish was recognised by the UK government under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2002, it had become recognised that the existence

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In 2002, the Cornish language gained new recognition because of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages. Conversely, along with government provision was the governmental basis of "New Public Management", measuring quantifiable results as means of determining effectiveness. This put

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in September 2021. While significantly adapted from the original, as well as using mostly English-speaking actors, the plays used sizable amounts of Cornish, including a character who spoke only in Cornish and another who spoke both English and Cornish. The event drew thousands over two weeks, also

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The phonological system of Old Cornish, inherited from Proto-Southwestern Brittonic and originally differing little from Old Breton and Old Welsh, underwent various changes during its Middle and Late phases, eventually resulting in several characteristics not found in the other Brittonic languages.

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he concluded that: "he English Liturgy, was not desired by the Cornish, but forced upon them by the tyranny of England, at a time when the English language was yet unknown in Cornwall. This act of tyranny was at once gross barbarity to the Cornish people, and a death blow to the Cornish language."

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points out that this rebellion was primarily motivated by religious and economic, rather than linguistic, concerns. The rebellion prompted a heavy-handed response from the government, and 5,500 people died during the fighting and the rebellion's aftermath. Government officials then directed troops

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It is difficult to state with certainty when Cornish ceased to be spoken, due to the fact that its last speakers were of relatively low social class and that the definition of what constitutes "a living language" is not clear cut. Peter Pool argues that by 1800 nobody was using Cornish as a daily

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of Cornwall, with a significant contrast between English place-names prevalent in eastern Cornwall and Cornish place-names to the west of the Camel-Fowey river valleys, where English place-names are much less common. Hundreds of Cornish family names have an etymology in the Cornish language, the

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produced a manuscript on the declining Cornish language that continually evolved until he died in 1689, aged 89. He was one of the first to realise the language was dying out and wrote detailed manuscripts which he started working on when he was 78. The only version that was ever published was a

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The Cornish Language Strategy project commissioned research to provide quantitative and qualitative evidence for the number of Cornish speakers: due to the success of the revival project it was estimated that 2,000 people were fluent (surveyed in spring 2008), an increase from the estimated 300

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Screen Cornwall works with Cornwall Council to commission a short film in the Cornish language each year, with their FilmK competition. Their website states "FylmK is an annual contemporary Cornish language short film competition, producing an imaginative and engaging film, in any genre, from

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Early Modern Cornish was the subject of a study published by Lhuyd in 1707, and differs from the medieval language in having a considerably simpler structure and grammar. Such differences included sound changes and more frequent use of auxiliary verbs. The medieval language also possessed two

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Archæologia Britannica: Giving some account additional to what has been hitherto publish'd, of the languages, histories and customs of the original inhabitants of Great Britain, from collections and observations in travels through Wales, Cornwall, Bas-Bretagne, Ireland, and Scotland; Vol. I.

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Written sources from this period are often spelled following English spelling conventions since many of the writers of the time had not been exposed to Middle Cornish texts or the Cornish orthography within them. Around 1700, Edward Lhuyd visited Cornwall, introducing his own partly phonetic

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represents separate divisions of government and their purpose is to further enhance the Cornish Language Developmental Plan. MAGA established an Ad-Hoc Group, which resulted in three orthographies being presented. The relations for the Ad-Hoc Group were to obtain consensus among the three

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can mean either 'hand' or 'fist'. As in other Celtic languages, Cornish lacks a number of verbs commonly found in other languages, including modals and psych-verbs; examples are 'have', 'like', 'hate', 'prefer', 'must/have to' and 'make/compel to'. These functions are instead fulfilled by

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A few small publishers produce books in Cornish which are stocked in some local bookshops, as well as in Cornish branches of Waterstones and WH Smith, although publications are becoming increasingly available on the Internet. Printed copies of these may also be found from Amazon. The

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Of John Davey of Zenmor who died in 1891, it was claimed that he was the last surviving native speaker of the language. His stone memorial reads 'John Davey 1812-1891 of Boswednack in this parish ... who was the last to possess any traditional considerable knowledge of the Cornish

3972:, but the focus of the language provision will be on Cornish. A non-accredited specialist Cornish-language course has been developed to run alongside the level 4 course for those who prefer tutor support to learn the language or develop their skills for use with young children. 558: 554: 1137:, was realized to be Cornish in 1949, having previously been incorrectly classified as Welsh. It is the longest text in the traditional Cornish language, consisting of around 30,000 words of continuous prose. This text is a late 16th century translation of twelve of 1277:

ost of the inhabitants can speak no word of Cornish, but very few are ignorant of the English; and yet some so affect their own, as to a stranger they will not speak it; for if meeting them by chance, you inquire the way, or any such matter, your answer shall be,

1241:, however, has argued that the 'glotticide' of the Cornish language was mainly a result of the Cornish gentry adopting English to dissociate themselves from the reputation for disloyalty and rebellion associated with the Cornish language since the 1497 uprising. 1172:, which established the 1549 edition of the English Book of Common Prayer as the sole legal form of worship in England, including Cornwall, people in many areas of Cornwall did not speak or understand English. The passing of this Act was one of the causes of the 3912:

Outside of Cornwall, efforts to revive the Cornish language and culture through community events are occurring in Australia. A biennial festival, Kernewek Lowender, takes place in South Australia, where both cultural displays and language lessons are offered.

7393: 4204:, translated from English, was published in 2011. Another Bible translation project translating from original languages is underway. The New Testament and Psalms were posted on-line on YouVersion (Bible.com) and Bibles.org in July 2014 by the Bible Society. 2346:

Several Celtic or Brittonic words cannot be reconstructed to Proto-Indo-European, and are suggested to have been borrowed from unknown substrate language(s) at an early stage, such as Proto-Celtic or Proto-Brittonic. Proposed examples in Cornish include

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The search for the last speaker is hampered by a lack of transcriptions or audio recordings, so that it is impossible to tell from this distance whether the language these people were reported to be speaking was Cornish, or English with a heavy Cornish

1711:) system, based on the Middle Cornish literature while extending the attested vocabulary with neologisms and forms based on Celtic roots also found in Breton and Welsh, publishing a dictionary in 1938. Nance's work became the basis of revived Cornish ( 2252:

language, or through vocabulary borrowed from unknown substrate language(s) at some point in the development of the Celtic proto-language from PIE. Examples of the PIE > PCelt. development are various terms related to kinship and people, including

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released data based on the 2011 Census that placed the number of speakers at 557 people in England and Wales who declared Cornish to be their main language, 464 of whom lived in Cornwall. The 2021 census listed the number of Cornish speakers at 563.

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created his Modern Cornish system (also known as Revived Late Cornish), which used Late Cornish as a basis, and Nicholas Williams published a revised version of Unified; however neither of these systems gained the popularity of Unified or Kemmyn.

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argued that it is almost certain that Cornish and Breton would have been mutually intelligible as long as Cornish was a living language, and that Cornish and Breton are especially closely related to each other and less closely related to Welsh.

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period usually followed Welsh to English transliteration, phonetically rendering C for K, I for Y, U for W, and Z for S. This meant that place names were adopted into English with spellings such as 'Porthcurno' and 'Penzance'; they are written

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taken into account, this figure for the entire corpus drops to 8%.) The many English loanwords, some of which were sufficiently well assimilated to acquire native Cornish verbal or plural suffixes or be affected by the mutation system, include

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Word order in Cornish is somewhat fluid and varies depending on several factors such as the intended element to be emphasised and whether a statement is negative or affirmative. In a study on Cornish word order in the play Bewnans Meriasek

2071:, intended as a compromise orthography for official and educational purposes, was introduced in 2008, although a number of previous orthographic systems remain in use and, in response to the publication of the SWF, another new orthography, 1733:. It was subsequently adopted by the Cornish Language Board and was the written form used by a reported 54.5% of all Cornish language users according to a survey in 2008, but was heavily criticised for a variety of reasons by Jon Mills and 2560:

The grammar of Cornish shares with other Celtic languages a number of features which, while not unique, are unusual in an Indo-European context. The grammatical features most unfamiliar to English speakers of the language are the initial

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of multiple orthographies was unsustainable with regards to using the language in education and public life, as none had achieved a wide consensus. A process of unification was set about which resulted in the creation of the public-body

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A study that appeared in 2018 established the number of people in Cornwall with at least minimal skills in Cornish, such as the use of some words and phrases, to be more than 3,000, including around 500 estimated to be fluent.

1342:, of uncertain date but probably originally composed during the last years of the traditional language. Davey had traditional knowledge of at least some Cornish. John Kelynack (1796–1885), a fisherman of Newlyn, was sought by 1389:

has been challenged, and in the 18th and 19th centuries there was academic interest in the language and in attempting to find the last speaker of Cornish. It has been suggested that, whereas Pentreath was probably the last

4097:, tells how he had been discouraged from using Cornish to servants by his mother. This group left behind a large number of translations of parts of the Bible, proverbs and songs. They were contacted by the Welsh linguist 952:

were once identified as Old Cornish, but they are more likely Old Welsh, possibly influenced by a Cornish scribe. No single phonological feature distinguishes Cornish from both Welsh and Breton until the beginning of the

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to carry out pacification operations throughout the West Country. Kingston subsequently ordered the executions of numerous individuals suspected of involvement with the rebellion as part of the post-rebellion reprisals.

1304:, which was mainly recorded in the field from native speakers in the early 1700s, and his unpublished field notebook are seen as important sources of Cornish vocabulary, some of which are not found in any other source. 2411:

During the Roman occupation of Britain a large number (around 800) of Latin loan words entered the vocabulary of Common Brittonic, which subsequently developed in a similar way to the inherited lexicon. These include

7374: 3960:. The course is not a Cornish-language course but students will be assessed on their ability to use the Cornish language constructively in their work with young children. The course will cover such topics as 1217:), as proposals to do so were suppressed in the rebellion's aftermath. The failure to translate the Book of Common Prayer into Cornish led to the language's rapid decline during the 16th and 17th centuries. 8343: 3755:

There is Cornish literature, including spoken poetry and song, as well as traditional Cornish chants historically performed in marketplaces during religious holidays and public festivals and gatherings.

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have been held online, advertised through Facebook and other media. A surge in interest, not just from people in Cornwall but from all over the world, has meant that extra classes have been organised.

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The revival focused on reconstructing and standardising the language, including coining new words for modern concepts, and creating educational material in order to teach Cornish to others. In 1929

1294:) period from 1600 to about 1800 has a less substantial body of literature than the Middle Cornish period, but the sources are more varied in nature, including songs, poems about fishing and curing 4394:

is a monthly magazine published entirely in the Cornish language. Members contribute articles on various subjects. The magazine is produced by Graham Sandercock who has been its editor since 1976.

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When affirmative statements are in the less common VSO order, they usually begin with an adverb or other element, followed by an affirmative particle, with the verb inflected for person and tense:

2038:, the earliest revivalists used Jenner's orthography, which was influenced by Lhuyd's system. This system was abandoned following the development by Nance of a "unified spelling", later known as 1162:

In Cornwall is two speches, the one is naughty Englysshe, and the other is Cornysshe speche. And there be many men and women the which cannot speake one worde of Englysshe, but all Cornyshe.

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classifies Cornish as "critically endangered". UNESCO has said that a previous classification of 'extinct' "does not reflect the current situation for Cornish" and is "no longer accurate".

3938: 5583: 2067:", represented in the UCR orthography by ⟨ue⟩; replacement of ⟨y⟩ with ⟨e⟩ in many words; internal ⟨h⟩ rather than ⟨gh⟩; and use of final ⟨b⟩, ⟨g⟩, and ⟨dh⟩ in stressed monosyllables. A 3944:

In 2015 a university-level course aiming at encouraging and supporting practitioners working with young children to introduce the Cornish language into their settings was launched. The

1054:. Together these provide about 8,734 lines of text. The three plays exhibit a mixture of English and Brittonic influences, and, like other Cornish literature, may have been written at 3734:

are groups that advocate cooperation amongst the Celtic Nations in order to protect and promote Celtic languages and cultures, thus working in the interests of the Cornish language.

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writer William Rowe, around 42% of the vocabulary of the whole Cornish corpus is estimated to be English loan words, without taking frequency into account. (However, when frequency

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in Cornish, which is not found before the second half of the eleventh century, and it is not always possible to distinguish Old Cornish, Old Breton, and Old Welsh orthographically.

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Notwithstanding the uncertainty over who was the last speaker of Cornish, researchers have posited the following numbers for the prevalence of the language between 1050 and 1800.

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viewed Cornish and Breton as being two dialects of the same language, claiming that "Middle Cornish is without doubt closer to Breton as a whole than the modern Breton dialect of

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A governmental policymaking structure called New Public Management (NPM) has helped the Cornish language by managing public life of the Cornish language and people. In 2007, the

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Cornish is a Celtic language, and the majority of its vocabulary, when usage frequency is taken into account, at every documented stage of its history is inherited direct from

5766: 1938: 12127: 1407:, who reworked and translated Davey's Cranken Rhyme, remarked, "There can be no doubt, after the evidence of this rhyme, of what there was to lose by neglecting John Davey." 10472: 4430:

ran short bulletins on Saturday lunchtimes from 1998 to 1999. In 2006, Matthew Clarke who had presented the Pirate FM bulletin, launched a web-streamed news bulletin called

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made in the traditional language at this time, and the use of an orthography that deviated too far from the traditional texts and Unified Cornish. Also during this period,

1024:) period (1200–1600), reaching a peak of about 39,000 speakers in the 13th century, after which the number started to decline. This period provided the bulk of traditional 936:, anatomy, church hierarchy, the family, names for various kinds of artisans and their tools, flora, fauna, and household items. The manuscript was widely thought to be in 8242: 4165:

orthographies and then develop a "single written form". The result was creating a new form of Cornish, which had to be natural for both new learners and skilled speakers.

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to recognise publications relating to Cornwall or in the Cornish language. In recent years, a number of Cornish translations of literature have been published, including

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Until around the middle of the 11th century, Old Cornish scribes used a traditional spelling system shared with Old Breton and Old Welsh, based on the pronunciation of

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in 2008. In 2010 a new milestone was reached when UNESCO altered its classification of Cornish, stating that its previous label of "extinct" was no longer accurate.

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estimated in 2015 that there were 300–400 fluent speakers who used the language regularly, with 5,000 people having a basic conversational ability in the language.

665:, and the language is often described as an important part of Cornish identity, culture and heritage. Since the revival of the language, some Cornish textbooks and 2590:: The first sound of a Cornish word may change according to grammatical context. As in Breton, there are four types of mutation in Cornish (compared with three in 8332: 4663:. These apparent mistransliterations can, however, reveal an insight into how names and places were actually pronounced, explaining, for example, how anglicised 2228:

of the sound system of middle and early modern Cornish based on an analysis of internal evidence such as the orthography and rhyme used in the historical texts,

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started broadcasting around two minutes of Cornish every week. In 1987, however, they gave over 15 minutes of airtime on Sunday mornings for a programme called

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is a specific kind of ceremonial dance that takes place in Cornwall. Certain Cornish words may have several translation equivalents in English, so for instance

1131:), a poem probably intended for personal worship, were written during this period, probably in the second half of the 14th century. Another important text, the 6085: 8373: 10163: 5917:

Captain Samuel Barrington, in the course of naval duties, took a sailor from Mount's Bay who spoke Cornish well enough to make himself understood to Bretons

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in their south-westward advance, which probably was facilitated by a second migration wave to Brittany that resulted in the partial depopulation of Devon.

6341: 1149:, and has an additional catena, Sacrament an Alter, added later by his fellow priest, Thomas Stephyn. In the reign of Henry VIII, an account was given by 6289: 5538: 3883:

has promoted the use of the language at events and meetings. Two examples of ceremonies that are performed in both the English and Cornish languages are

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is working with the Cornish Language Partnership to study the Cornish language revival of the 20th century, including the growth in number of speakers.

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concluding with the remark that Cornish is no longer known by young people. However, the last recorded traditional Cornish literature may have been the

16459: 4524:(The Month). It contained news items about cultural events and more mainstream news stories all through Cornish. It also ran a cookery segment called " 1953: 627:

in parts of Cornwall until the mid 18th century, and there is some evidence for traditional speakers of the language persisting into the 19th century.

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short first draft but the final version, which he worked on until his death, is a few hundred pages long. At the same time a group of scholars led by

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who goes far to the east seeking work, eventually returning home after three years to find that his wife has borne him a child during his absence.

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from May to July 1985, and as a schools programme in 1986. Also by Television South West were two bilingual programmes on Cornish Culture called

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and knowledge of the language helps the understanding of these ancient meanings. Cornish names are adopted for children, pets, houses and boats.

11303: 1789:, which has a population of 563,600 (2017 estimate). There are also some speakers living outside Cornwall, particularly in the countries of the 16536: 16501: 4093:(nephew of William Scawen) of Mousehole tried to preserve and further the Cornish language and chose to write in Cornish. One of their number, 11916: 10075: 3909:. The next production, scheduled for 2024, could, in theory, be entirely in Cornish, without English, if assisted by a professional linguist. 16060: 15805: 12984: 10334: 8562: 10741:

Faction and Faith. Politics and Religion of the Cornish Gentry before the Civil War; Law, Order and Government in Caernarfonshire, 1558–1640

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has a news broadcast in Cornish and sometimes has other programmes and features for learners and enthusiasts. Local newspapers such as the

1378:, who retain some competence in the language despite not being fluent nor using the language in daily life, generally survive even longer. 3989:. The nursery teaches children aged between two and five years alongside their parents to ensure the language is also spoken in the home. 1100:(or Teudar), a historical medieval king in Armorica and Cornwall, who, in these plays, has been interpreted as a lampoon of either of the 4389: 507: 3805:, publishing a one-hour podcast each week, based on a magazine format. It includes music in Cornish as well as interviews and features. 13071: 12184: 10212: 8270: 8205: 3937:

offers courses in Cornish through its John Trim Resources Centre, which is part of the university's Language Centre. In addition, the

2075:, was created, mainly by Nicholas Williams and Michael Everson, which is proposed as an amended version of the Standard Written Form. 16506: 15715: 13682: 13653: 6189: 6163: 3821: 10555: 2920:

Some nouns are collective or mass nouns. Singulatives can be formed from collective nouns by the addition of the suffix ⫽-enn⫽ (SWF

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before the English language came to dominate. For centuries, until it was pushed westwards by English, it was the main language of

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to denote long vowels, ⟨k⟩ before front vowels, word-final ⟨i⟩, and the use of ⟨dh⟩ to represent the voiced dental fricative /ð/.

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In 1776, William Bodinar, who describes himself as having learned Cornish from old fishermen when he was a boy, wrote a letter to

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cites the years 1550–1650 as a century of immense damage for the language, and its decline can be traced to this period. In 1680

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and "backwardness". This proved to be one of the reasons why the Book of Common Prayer was never translated into Cornish (unlike

650:, stating that its former classification of the language as extinct was no longer accurate. The language has a growing number of 638:, although knowledge of Cornish, including speaking ability to a certain extent, persisted within some families and individuals. 6216: 16423: 15755: 15740: 15730: 9917: 7616:. "Seria Filologia Angielska" No. 47 (2nd ed.). Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM / Adam Mickiewicz University. p. 54. 6055: 3731: 3009:'see!' Grammatical categories can be indicated either by inflection of the main verb, or by the use of auxiliary verbs such as 10418: 4416:'), presented by John King, running until the early 1990s. It was eventually replaced with a five-minute news bulletin called 15745: 14129: 11986: 8427:"The Promotion of Cornish in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly: Attitudes towards the Language and Recommendations for Policy" 5814: 5184: 2003:

Middle Cornish orthography has a significant level of variation, and shows influence from Middle English spelling practices.

16531: 12212: 10105: 6149: 6127: 3081:), Ken George has argued that the most common word order in main clauses in Middle Cornish was, in affirmative statements, 2606:). These changes apply to only certain letters (sounds) in particular grammatical contexts, some of which are given below: 1857: 1386: 1298:, and various translations of verses from the Bible, the Ten Commandments, the Lord's Prayer and the Creed. Edward Lhuyd's 635: 16118: 15750: 10192: 7705: 4276: 4228: 4129:. As a result of the discovery of additional ancient Cornish manuscripts, 2000 new words were added to the vocabulary by 3949: 1944:

In 2016, British government funding for the Cornish language ceased, and responsibility transferred to Cornwall Council.

531: 8500: 7769:"Charles Rogers' 'Vocabulary of the Cornish Language', the Rylands Vocabulary, and gatherers of pre-'Revival' fragments" 4594:, saying: "I speak Cornish with my son: if you're comfortable expressing yourself in a language, you want to share it." 13037: 12757: 12528: 12520: 11922:

Language and History in Early Britain: A chronological survey of the Brittonic languages, first to twelfth century a.D.

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A Handbook of the Cornish language: Chiefly in its latest stages with some account of its history and literature (1904)

9951: 8458: 7911:. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory No. 68. Vol. 68. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 241. 6534: 5510: 3925:, though the only existing course in the language at university level is as part of a course in Cornish studies at the 1209:

The rebellion eventually proved a turning-point for the Cornish language, as the authorities came to associate it with

1119:, the earliest known continuous text in the Cornish language, apparently part of a play about a medieval marriage, and 1729:('Common Cornish'), based on a reconstruction of the phonological system of Middle Cornish, but with an approximately 16511: 16053: 15213: 15026: 12942: 12936: 12005: 11487: 10625: 10578: 9727: 9662: 9598: 9499: 9413: 9370: 9302: 9218: 9183: 9080: 9029: 8813: 8056: 8014: 7924: 7743: 7621: 7424: 7313: 7274: 7236: 7201: 7144: 7066: 6981: 6708: 5709: 5622: 797: 11430: 8175: 6025: 681:

native speakers, and the language is taught in schools and appears on street nameplates. The first Cornish-language

13564: 13219: 825: 694: 242: 7009:

Ilteangach, ilseiftiúil: Féilscríbhinn in ómós do Nicholas Williams – A festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Williams

5866:

Language and History in Early Britain: A Chronological Survey of the Brittonic Languages, 1st to 12th Century a.D.

1941:. The FCNM provides certain rights and protections to a national minority with regard to their minority language. 16454: 16325: 16138: 15821: 14205: 13615: 12346: 12300: 9714:. "Current Issues in Linguistic Theory" series. Vol. 83. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. p. 205. 9210:

Celtic Linguistics/ Ieithyddiaeth Geltaidd: Readings in the Brythonic Languages. Festschrift for T. Arwyn Watkins

5505: 5490: 4234: 4201: 592: 521: 11875: 2493:

Many Cornish words, such as mining and fishing terms, are specific to the culture of Cornwall. Examples include

16413: 16163: 15989: 13064: 13024: 12574: 12537: 12177: 12063: 11978: 11953: 11856: 11766: 11557: 11522: 11211: 9260: 8909: 8403: 8369: 8185: 7459: 7173:

A Handbook of the Cornish Language Chiefly in Its Latest Stages with Some Account of Its History and Literature

6387: 6351: 6035: 5944: 5877: 5774: 5741: 5663: 1834: 1830: 1192:

asked why the Cornishmen should be offended by holding the service in English, when they had before held it in

669:

have been published, and an increasing number of people are studying the language. Recent developments include

647: 11924:

Edinburgh Uuniverty Ppress; 2nd ed. Dublin: Four Courts Press (1994) has a new introduction by William Gillies

6695:. Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe. Vol. 15. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. pp. 59–71. 4684:

The following tables present some examples of Cornish place names and surnames and their anglicised versions:

16516: 16335: 16017: 15196: 7852: 5797: 5500: 2120: 1415:, nor what their level of fluency was. Nevertheless, this academic interest, along with the beginning of the 1188:) wondered why they did not just ask the king for a version of the liturgy in their own language. Archbishop 623:, perhaps even as long as Cornish continued to be spoken as a vernacular. Cornish continued to function as a 486: 349: 8309: 4555:

Several traditional Cornish folk songs have been collected and can be sung to various tunes. These include "

828:

developed into Cornish and Breton, the latter as a result of emigration to parts of the continent, known as

443: 430: 417: 16526: 16428: 16380: 16250: 16245: 16046: 15469: 13107: 12994: 12410: 12364: 12131: 12033: 11182: 11139: 10822: 10345: 10272: 10030:

Stoyle, Mark (October 1999). "The Dissidence of Despair: Rebellion and Identity in Early Modern Cornwall".

9925: 6224: 6197: 6171: 5520: 4161: 2249: 2022:, which was adopted by some local writers, leading to the use of some Lhuydian features such as the use of 1809: 1758: 1399: 1335: 468: 367: 327: 11331: 10135: 8137: 2190: 2186: 2103: 2099: 1361:(died 1777), said to be the last monolingual speaker of Cornish, in an engraved portrait published in 1781 14669: 13929: 13416: 13242: 13014: 12967: 3799:

have also been known to have Cornish features. There is an online radio and TV service in Cornish called

3249: 3082: 2566: 920:

and slaves, the latter with mostly Cornish names, and, more substantially, a Latin-Cornish glossary (the

813: 321: 11157: 11100: 11039: 11014: 10989: 10964: 10939: 10914: 10889: 10864: 10826: 9072: 9021: 8006: 7005:"Depiction of Tyranny in the Cornish Miracle Plays: Tenor, Code Switching and Sociolinguistic Variables" 6934: 5691: 4475:

introduced a light hearted television commercial in the Cornish language and this was repeated in 2017.

4059:

Classes and conversation groups for adults are available at several locations in Cornwall as well as in

4056:. Several online dictionaries are now available, including one organised by An Akademi Kernewek in SWF. 3851:

There are ceremonies, some ancient, some modern, that use the language or are entirely in the language.

1412: 861: 16385: 16210: 15240: 15115: 14720: 14689: 14069: 12972: 12915: 11911:

Ferdinand, Siarl (2013). Brief History of the Cornish language, its Revival and its Current Situation.

10197: 10032: 9138: 8768: 8048: 7979: 7686: 7451: 6583: 5869: 5655: 5598: 3957: 1737:, including making phonological distinctions that they state were not made in the traditional language 1367: 1366:

language and no evidence exists of anyone capable of conversing in the language at that date. However,

933: 11235: 6957: 6044: 1225:

wrote an essay describing 16 reasons for the decline of Cornish, among them the lack of a distinctive

16541: 16486: 16390: 16352: 15995: 15201: 15036: 14664: 13057: 12977: 12384: 12170: 12110: 11125: 11082: 10517:"William Scawen (1600-1689) - A Neglected Cornish Patriot and Father of the Cornish Language Revival" 10264: 6069: 4252: 4108: 3929:. In March 2008 a course in the language was started as part of the Celtic Studies curriculum at the 3843: 2225: 1270: 1177: 889: 15001: 6732: 4542:

wrote a Christmas carol in Cornish (setting words by Henry Jenner). The Cornish electronic musician

2362:

Other words in Cornish inherited direct from Proto-Celtic include a number of toponyms, for example

1299: 16310: 15541: 14975: 14951: 14277: 13453: 13396: 13181: 13140: 12989: 12455: 12389: 12207: 10083: 4371: 4344: 4130: 1734: 1681: 698: 639: 480: 232: 10349: 6623:"Note: The tenth-century List of Cornish parochial saints' names in Codex Vaticanus Reg. Lat. 191" 3745:, some televised, made entirely, or significantly, in Cornish. Some businesses use Cornish names. 2224:, the phonology of contemporary spoken Cornish is based on a number of sources, including various 2193:

being realised as and respectively in stressed syllables, and giving Late Cornish forms such as

1937:

In 2014, the Cornish people were recognised by the UK Government as a national minority under the

16280: 16240: 16220: 16200: 16103: 15252: 14900: 14446: 14160: 13979: 13869: 12379: 12369: 11809:

Bock, Albert; Bruch, Benjamin; Kennedy, Neil; Prohaska, Daniel; Rule, Laurence (14 August 2010).

11758: 11064: 10320: 10298: 9825: 9590: 8992: 8395: 7881: 7486:

Carew's Survey of Cornwall: to which are added, notes illustrative of its history and antiquities

5733: 5081: 4936: 4264: 3934: 3835: 3034: 2963: 2830:. Nouns may be singular or plural. Plurals can be formed in various ways, depending on the noun: 2221: 706: 222: 198: 15872: 7768: 16418: 16215: 15720: 15639: 15602: 14674: 13959: 13954: 13569: 12513: 11891: 10609: 10516: 9852: 9242: 9134:

Reconstructive Phonology and Contrastive Lexicology: Problems with the Gerlyver Kernewek Kemmyn

8764:

Reconstructive Phonology and Contrastive Lexicology: Problems with the Gerlyver Kernewek Kemmyn

7976:

Reconstructive Phonology and Contrastive Lexicology: Problems with the Gerlyver Kernewek Kemmyn

7410: 7091: 6077: 5932: 3941:(which is part of the Faculty of English) also carries out research into the Cornish language. 1218: 1169: 932:'s Latin-Old English Glossary, which is thematically arranged into several groups, such as the 654:

speakers, and a very small number of families now raise children to speak revived Cornish as a

596: 12048: 10808: 10452: 7646: 7484: 840:

The area controlled by the southwestern Britons was progressively reduced by the expansion of

16438: 16370: 16340: 16295: 16290: 16265: 16123: 16022: 16012: 15979: 15486: 15301: 15046: 14946: 14317: 14155: 14134: 13546: 13095: 12947: 12774: 12394: 12316: 12079: 10745:

Law, Order and Government in Caernarfonshire, 1558–1640. Justices of the Peace and the Gentry

8630: 7414: 6560: 4625: 4613: 4458: 4258: 3872: 3809: 2570: 2245: 2182: 2088: 2068: 1970: 1762: 1173: 1109: 923: 620: 570: 270: 16408: 12023: 11959: 11782: 11010: 8274: 8217: 2573:, fronting of emphasised syntactic elements and the use of two different forms for 'to be'. 16330: 16320: 16270: 16230: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16168: 16153: 16148: 16143: 16128: 16113: 16108: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 15922: 15894: 15629: 15501: 15235: 14885: 14282: 14200: 14009: 13934: 13147: 13019: 13009: 12829: 12642: 11878: 11462: 11277: 10457: 10276: 9401:

Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: an International Handbook

8466: 6965: 4895: 4666: 4484:

features a conversation between miners, purportedly in the Cornish language, but really in

4480: 4246: 3930: 3926: 3880: 3871:

Cornwall has had cultural events associated with the language, including the international

3783: 2236:, who visited Cornwall in 1700 and recorded the language in a partly phonetic orthography. 1846: 1818: 1730: 1419:

in the late 19th century, provided the groundwork for a Cornish language revival movement.

1331: 1105: 15877: 12085: 11121: 11078: 10495: 8582: 8108: 8081: 6201: 6175: 5991: 929: 875:

The earliest written record of the Cornish language comes from this period: a 9th-century

756: 8: 16433: 16375: 16315: 16305: 16285: 16275: 16260: 16255: 16235: 16205: 16173: 16158: 16133: 16069: 15984: 15778: 15516: 15385: 15315: 15296: 15275: 15208: 15031: 14905: 14725: 14710: 14705: 14659: 14634: 14307: 14195: 14180: 13994: 13813: 13608: 13558: 13448: 13441: 13424: 13190: 13154: 13030: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12932: 12864: 12471: 12440: 12260: 12136: 12011: 11935: 11931: 10935: 8338: 6883: 5701: 5265: 4624:

majority of which are derived from Cornish place-names. Long before the agreement of the

4566: 4448: 4439: 4270: 4105:

additional tenses for expressing past events and an extended set of possessive suffixes.

3953: 3922: 3896:, originally written in the Cornish language, the most recent of which took place at the 1698: 1404: 1265:, and transmission of the language to new generations had almost entirely ceased. In his 913: 237: 14915: 11933: 11701: 10910: 8646: 8530:"Dyslexic councillor says Cornish language road signs could prove dangerous for drivers" 8288: 3503:

As Cornish lacks verbs such as 'to have', possession can also be indicated in this way:

677:, and children's books. A small number of people in Cornwall have been brought up to be 16345: 16300: 16225: 16195: 16027: 15682: 15413: 15306: 15270: 15191: 15146: 15041: 14867: 14758: 14715: 14644: 14451: 14226: 13989: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13874: 13731: 13687: 13511: 13347: 13305: 12732: 12722: 12617: 12266: 12252: 11869: 10764: 10714: 10057: 10049: 9552: 9288: 8964: 8880: 7827: 6811: 6764: 6650: 5860: 5495: 5123: 4727: 4503: 4403: 4174: 3901: 3778: 3719: 3030: 2971: 2967: 2823: 2587: 2562: 2229: 1122: 1025: 876: 850:) period (800–1200), the Cornish-speaking area was largely coterminous with modern-day 760: 742: 666: 12044:

A Cornish Internet radio station in nascent state featuring weekly podcasts in Cornish

7033:

The Middle Cornish: Charter endorsement: the making of a marriage in medieval Cornwall

6411: 6052:

Linguistic minorities in countries belonging to the European community: summary report

2127:

in a few words) of these sounds, results in orthographic forms such as Middle Cornish

1812:

said in an interview with the BBC in 2010 that there were around 300 fluent speakers.

460: 15546: 15521: 15511: 15247: 15220: 15101: 14956: 14941: 14936: 14895: 14890: 14795: 14684: 14639: 14629: 14621: 14292: 14246: 14236: 14077: 13904: 13884: 13843: 13163: 13131: 13117: 12999: 12879: 12717: 12506: 12326: 12222: 12027: 12001: 11982: 11974: 11949: 11928: 11852: 11810: 11762: 11563: 11553: 11528: 11518: 11493: 11483: 11217: 11207: 10718: 10621: 10574: 10536: 10061: 9872: 9723: 9668: 9658: 9633: 9594: 9556: 9505: 9495: 9419: 9409: 9376: 9366: 9308: 9298: 9266: 9256: 9224: 9214: 9189: 9179: 9142: 9086: 9076: 9035: 9025: 8996: 8968: 8956: 8915: 8905: 8884: 8872: 8819: 8809: 8772: 8717:

Bock, Albert (2010). "Nucleus Length and Vocalic Alternation in Cornish Diphthongs".

8181: 8149: 8062: 8052: 8020: 8010: 7983: 7920: 7885: 7856: 7788: 7749: 7739: 7666: 7627: 7617: 7592: 7567: 7465: 7455: 7420: 7319: 7309: 7280: 7270: 7242: 7232: 7207: 7197: 7150: 7140: 7111: 7072: 7062: 7037: 6977: 6887: 6815: 6803: 6768: 6756: 6704: 6654: 6642: 6603: 6393: 6383: 6228: 6031: 5940: 5908: 5883: 5873: 5810: 5715: 5705: 5669: 5659: 5618: 5571: 5370: 4748: 4645:

in the Standard Written Form of Cornish, agreed upon in 2008. Likewise words such as

4309: 4282: 3876: 2975: 2781: 2084: 2072: 1975:, usually dated to around 1100, Old English spelling conventions, such as the use of 1931: 1802: 1320: 1141:'s thirteen homilies by a certain John Tregear, tentatively identified as a vicar of 1028:, and was used to reconstruct the language during its revival. Most important is the 809: 670: 9929: 6973: 4071:. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic a number of conversation groups entitled 995:

of medieval Cornish literature), written by an unknown monk in the late 14th century

527: 15952: 15840: 15575: 15536: 15491: 15478: 15377: 15280: 15225: 14910: 14730: 14649: 14461: 14241: 14175: 14065: 13944: 13939: 13909: 13879: 13833: 13795: 13661: 13429: 13404: 13372: 13353: 13314: 13290: 13208: 13080: 13004: 12884: 12874: 12682: 12569: 12476: 12430: 12354: 12280: 12232: 12227: 10885: 10756: 10706: 10566: 10528: 10430: 10041: 9864: 9715: 9544: 9362: 8946: 8862: 8726: 8604:"Cornish to be recognised as a national minority along with Scots, Welsh and Irish" 8507: 8438: 7961:

Report on the Cornish language survey conducted by the Cornish language Partnership

7912: 7819: 7780: 7658: 7385: 7103: 7012: 6969: 6795: 6748: 6696: 6634: 6595: 6447: 5967:

Mackinnon, Ken. "Cornish at Its Millennium: An Independent Study of the Language".

5610: 5515: 4976: 4603: 4375: 3921:

Cornish is taught in some schools; it was previously taught at degree level at the

3749: 2979: 2827: 1984: 1927: 1823: 1790: 1226: 1202: 1197: 1069: 1059: 1005: 947: 821: 789: 781: 726: 702: 674: 631: 608: 227: 188: 15790: 13517: 11035: 10595: 4501:, a 2002 drama film written and directed by Hungarian film-maker Antal Kovacs and 4292:

award for Cornish Language books), as well as original Cornish literature such as

4123:

Robert Williams published the first comprehensive Cornish dictionary in 1865, the

3854: 3252:, with an initial negative particle and the verb conjugated for person and tense: 2232:

with the other Brittonic languages Breton and Welsh, and the work of the linguist

1233:, the cessation of the miracle plays, loss of records in the Civil War, lack of a 15963: 15927: 15901: 15860: 15618: 15556: 15496: 15459: 15431: 15393: 15358: 15338: 15121: 15111: 15096: 14983: 14790: 14654: 14417: 14272: 14231: 14221: 14060: 13999: 13919: 13914: 13899: 13894: 13807: 13472: 13366: 13326: 13227: 12712: 12554: 12488: 12445: 12415: 12336: 12321: 12237: 12217: 11997: 11861: 10672: 10003: 8608: 8534: 8177:

Rebuilding the Celtic Languages: Reversing Language Shift in the Celtic Countries

8113: 8086: 7305: 7193: 6373: 6099: 6027:

Rebuilding the Celtic Languages: Reversing Language Shift in the Celtic Countries

5996: 5645: 5567: 5548: 5476: 5462: 4583: 4240: 4146: 4017: 3884: 3859: 3748:

Cornish has significantly and durably affected Cornwall's place-names as well as

3727: 3435:

Sentences can also be constructed periphrastically using auxiliary verbs such as

2603: 2555: 2051: 2047: 2039: 1749: 1724: 1702: 1382: 1358: 1055: 730: 714: 678: 651: 604: 214: 204: 20: 12038: 11407: 10760: 10113: 8904:. Agan Tavas, the Society for the Promotion of the Cornish Language. p. 5. 6688: 4422:('The News'). The bulletin was presented every Sunday evening for many years by 473: 15906: 15889: 15850: 15657: 15647: 15623: 15570: 15526: 15441: 15421: 15403: 15348: 15343: 15311: 15156: 15136: 14961: 14862: 14841: 14836: 14473: 14407: 14402: 14391: 14372: 14366: 14362: 14170: 14165: 14124: 14051: 14037: 13949: 13924: 13889: 13848: 13838: 13774: 13761: 13701: 13645: 13637: 13628: 13601: 13584: 13540: 13493: 13464: 13320: 13257: 13170: 12854: 12450: 12374: 12331: 12054:

UdnFormScrefys' site for the proposed compromise orthography, Kernowek Standard

10570: 10005:

Linguistic Relativity and Linguistic Determinism: Idiom in 20th Century Cornish

6700: 6073: 5687: 5543: 4485: 4221: 4112: 4094: 4085: 3992:

A number of dictionaries are available in the various orthographies, including

3906: 3827: 3709: 3572:

Enquiring about possession is similar, using a different interrogative form of

2643: 2595: 2591: 2043: 1976: 1794: 1416: 1330:, a corrupted version of a verse or song published in the late 19th century by 1222: 1214: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1176:(which may also have been influenced by government repression after the failed 1101: 817: 785: 734: 710: 655: 600: 279: 181: 161: 10960: 10860: 9890: 9637: 9423: 9146: 8823: 8776: 8066: 7987: 7904: 7889: 7860: 7596: 7246: 7076: 7016: 6241: 4671:

is still pronounced with emphasis on the first element, perhaps from Cornish

4492:

who justify the murder by saying, "He come at me with his foreign gibberish."

2808:'the', which is used for all nouns regardless of their gender or number, e.g. 2094:

The first sound change to distinguish Cornish from both Breton and Welsh, the

16480: 15958: 15945: 15855: 15454: 15426: 15333: 15325: 15067: 15019: 14805: 14753: 14482: 14422: 14412: 14312: 14287: 14073: 13523: 13361: 12909: 12824: 12794: 12294: 12242: 12058: 11497: 10985: 10540: 10290: 10140: 9876: 9672: 9509: 9380: 9312: 9228: 9193: 9090: 9000: 8960: 8876: 8333:"Council splashes out £180,000 to try to stop the Cornish language dying out" 8153: 8138:"A Brief History of the Cornish Language, its Revival and its Current Status" 7792: 7670: 7631: 7571: 7355: 7323: 7284: 7260: 7211: 7154: 7115: 7041: 7004: 6891: 6807: 6760: 6646: 6607: 5912: 5887: 5719: 5614: 5532: 5484: 4991: 4539: 4489: 4436:('Weekly News'), which in 2008 was merged into a new weekly magazine podcast 4338: 3897: 2599: 2419: 1964: 1326: 1234: 1150: 1138: 1096:), both of which feature as an antagonist the villainous and tyrannical King 905: 793: 738: 619:, maintaining close links with its sister language Breton, with which it was 612: 410: 12149: 11532: 11221: 10710: 9039: 8919: 8730: 8024: 7784: 7753: 7469: 6599: 6538: 6451: 6397: 5673: 1954:

International Phonetic Alphabet § Brackets and transcription delimiters

1833:

placed the number of speakers at somewhere between 325 and 625. In 2017 the

1018:

The Cornish language continued to flourish well through the Middle Cornish (

969: 15772: 15565: 15353: 14877: 14831: 14770: 14679: 14456: 14434: 14427: 13864: 13789: 13779: 13711: 13340: 13270: 12889: 12859: 12849: 12839: 12834: 12814: 12809: 12784: 12435: 12425: 11787: 11706: 11308: 11153: 11096: 10641: 10532: 10168: 9868: 9399: 9395: 9284: 9270: 8567: 8191: 7536: 7498: 7430: 7389: 7168: 7107: 7056: 6782:

Padel, Oliver (2014). "The nature and date of the Old Cornish Vocabulary".

6622: 4629: 4574: 4321: 4098: 4090: 2233: 2095: 1878: 1687: 1371: 954: 941: 908:

suggests, "she hated the land". Other sources from this period include the

286: 14056: 12100: 11728: 11567: 11477: 9719: 9652: 9548: 9489: 9356: 9292: 8951: 8934: 8867: 8850: 7916: 7662: 7611: 7299: 7264: 7187: 6799: 6752: 6638: 5864: 5767:"Number of Welsh, Gaelic, Irish and Cornish speakers from the 2011 Census" 5695: 1907:

In 2002, Cornish was recognized by the UK government under Part II of the

1773: 904:. The phrase may mean "it hated the gloomy places", or alternatively, as 400: 393: 386: 15687: 15672: 15073: 14992: 14800: 14785: 14775: 14748: 14574: 14527: 14439: 14185: 13802: 13706: 13593: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12819: 12804: 12789: 12779: 12657: 11512: 11197: 10453:"Learn Cornish in your own home as part of an exciting new online course" 9015: 8247: 7733: 7445: 7337: 6844:

Falileyev, Alexander (2006), "De raris fabulis", in Koch, John C. (ed.),

6377: 5649: 4660: 4558: 4497: 3740: 3038: 2983: 2543: 1813: 1238: 1097: 1063: 990: 958: 917: 772: 748: 14342: 14108: 12122: 11880: 10386: 9491:

Multilingualism in medieval Britain (c. 1066–1520): Sources and analysis

9246: 7907:. In Ball, Martin J.; Fife, James; Poppe, Erich; Rowland, Jenny (eds.). 7831: 7807: 7613:

Landmarks in British History and Culture: A Monograph of Selected Issues

6315:"Milestone reached as 1,000th Cornish language street sign is installed" 5834: 3704: 15882: 15610: 15598: 15051: 15015: 14815: 14780: 14740: 14332: 14094: 14085: 12844: 12749: 12702: 12692: 12602: 12420: 12359: 12287: 11547: 11357: 10839: 10496:"Cornish language has new learners after pandemic moves courses online" 10193:"'The Passion': review of the second play in St Just Ordinalia trilogy" 9582: 9535:

Mills, Jon (2013). "The Vocabularium Cornicum: A Cornish vocabulary?".

9405: 8443: 8426: 7136: 6960:, in Rouse, Robert; Echard, Sian; Fulton, Helen; Rector, Geoff (eds.), 6908: 6246: 5606: 5102: 4910: 4832: 4543: 4508: 4380: 4200:(Passion of our lord), a 15th-century Cornish poem. The first complete 4003: 3815: 2991:'see' has derived forms such as 1st person singular present indicative 2676: 2023: 1894: 1718: 1375: 1339: 1084: 883: 800:, the Britons of the southwest were separated from those in modern-day 624: 16038: 10768: 10556:"Boson family (per. c. 1675–1730), preservers of the Cornish language" 10053: 9627: 9132: 8803: 8762: 8042: 7875: 7846: 7586: 7226: 4608: 2307:'tooth'. Inherited adjectives with an Indo-European etymology include 15866: 15010: 14117: 13552: 13505: 13333: 13263: 12869: 12799: 12707: 12637: 12612: 12273: 11899: 11203: 10617: 9252: 9208: 9173: 9066: 8986: 7823: 7559: 7130: 7031: 6877: 6416: 6346: 6062: 5902: 5582:. Institute of Cornish Studies, University of Exeter Press: 228–269. 5020: 4478:

The first episode from the third season of the US television program

4427: 4426:, then Elizabeth Stewart, and currently a team presents in rotation. 3892: 2124: 2119:

or earlier. This change, and the subsequent, or perhaps dialectical,

1343: 1092: 1031: 982: 937: 453: 377: 359: 341: 14322: 14023: 10164:"Cornwall to stage rare performance of 14th-century Ordinalia cycle" 10136:"The Centuries-old Plays Helping to Revitalize a Once-lost Language" 8899: 3722:

common, south east London, near the south entrance to Greenwich Park

1354: 1349: 495: 15667: 15131: 14584: 14539: 14503: 14491: 14337: 14297: 14112: 14104: 14099: 14081: 14004: 13741: 13736: 13721: 13499: 13049: 12737: 12687: 12662: 12647: 12607: 12543: 12531: 12162: 11435: 10500: 10045: 9895: 8651: 8587: 8293: 8243:"First Cornish-speaking creche is inspired by example set in Wales" 7447:

West Britons: Cornish identities and the early modern British state

6849: 6104: 5470: 5150: 4874: 4811: 4769: 4620: 4423: 4303: 4185: 3986: 3976: 2610: 2046:, based on Late Cornish native writers and Lhuyd, and Ken George's 1992: 1786: 1778: 1686:

In 1904, the Celtic language scholar and Cornish cultural activist

1313: 1230: 1210: 1142: 1077: 1011: 895: 851: 829: 752: 682: 616: 587: 539: 311: 171: 138: 122: 106: 90: 74: 58: 14352: 9710:

George, Ken J. (1991). "Notes on word order in Beunans Meriasek".

6563:(Winter 2005). "A New Brittonic Gloss on Boethius: ud rocashaas". 4488:. One of the miners is then shot by thugs working for businessman 3808:

The language has financial sponsorship from sources including the

3759:

There are periodicals solely in the language, such as the monthly

2546:

constructions involving a verb and various prepositional phrases.

15939: 15933: 15677: 15652: 15531: 15506: 15141: 15106: 15079: 15006: 14988: 14579: 14515: 14139: 13769: 13746: 13436: 13409: 13251: 13124: 12727: 12697: 12677: 12672: 12632: 12094: 11304:"First Cornish TV ad to air weeks after language funding is axed" 7375:"Genocide and Ethnocide: The Suppression of the Cornish Language" 6190:"Film clips: Here you can watch clips from films made in Cornish" 4790: 4413: 4068: 4064: 3041:: Prepositions are inflected for person and number. For example, 1868: 1768: 1346:

for old Cornish words and technical phrases in the 19th century.

1295: 1262: 1258: 1257:

By the middle of the 17th century, the language had retreated to

1249: 805: 722: 718: 535: 306: 12074: 10693:"Standardising Cornish: The Politics Of A New Minority Language" 10213:"Ordinalia Trilogy UK's oldest plays to be performed in St Just" 9459: 9457: 7225:Ó hAnnracháin, Tadgh; Armstrong, Robert Matthew (30 July 2014). 4115:, studied the decline of the Cornish language. In his 1804 work 2709:

Lenition followed by provection (usually), or "mixed" mutation:

2535:

may be translated into English as either 'book' or 'volume' and

15662: 15449: 15231:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

15151: 15126: 15090: 15084: 14997: 14920: 14846: 14765: 14267: 13751: 13696: 13477: 12667: 12592: 12043: 10692: 5806: 5041: 5008: 4853: 4589: 4548: 4472: 4451:

with each episode containing a three-minute lesson in Cornish.

4060: 2790:

can either mean 'harbour' or 'a harbour'. In certain contexts,

2054:

orthography based on George's reconstruction of Middle Cornish

1912: 1146: 841: 643: 503: 9657:(1st ed.). Cornish Language Partnership. pp. 76–77. 9563: 8830: 8632:

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

6146:"Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek wins Heritage Lottery Fund support" 2796:

can be used, with the meaning 'a certain, a particular', e.g.

1939:

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

14551: 14357: 14302: 14190: 13784: 13726: 13716: 13674: 13624: 12743: 12627: 12622: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9587:

An Gerlyver Meur: Cornish-English; English-Cornish Dictionary

9469: 9454: 9442: 9430: 9338: 9336: 9334: 8664: 8662: 7036:. Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck. 6515: 6438:

Williams, Nicholas J. A. (2010). "The Preterite in Cornish".

5418:

And in token of my sincerity I offer my hand to my opponent.

4995: 4708: 4546:

has used Cornish names for track titles, most notably on his

4495:

A number of Cornish language films have been made, including

4209: 2393: 1308:

also features a complete version of a traditional folk tale,

880: 855: 801: 11811:"An English - Cornish Glossary in the Standard Written Form" 11479:

The Oxford dictionary of family names in Britain and Ireland

10312: 10239: 8901:

Clappya Kernowek: an introduction to Unified Cornish Revised

8805:

The Cornish consonantal system: Implications for the revival

8563:"Cornwall council plans to encourage staff to speak Cornish" 8044:

Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization

7735:

Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization

7055:

Kent, Alan M.; Everson, Michael; Williams, Nicholas (2020).

5586:

from the original on 26 April 2023 – via ResearchGate.

5572:"Where Cornish was Spoken and When: A Provisional Synthesis" 2185:, occurred during the 16th century, resulting in the nasals 1995:

are not usually apparent from the orthography at this time.

940:

until the 18th century when it was identified as Cornish by

14810: 14347: 14327: 14262: 14090: 12652: 12597: 12053: 11476:

Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard A.; McClure, Peter (2016).

10400: 10112:. Redruth Old Cornwall Society. 26 May 2012. Archived from 6668:

Stokes, Whitley. "The manumissions in the Bodmin Gospels".

6019: 6017: 6015: 5734:"Main language (detailed) - Office for National Statistics" 3994:

A Learners' Cornish Dictionary in the Standard Written Form

3890:

Since 1969, there have been three full performances of the

2802:'a certain harbour'. There is, however, a definite article 2106:

in medial and final position, had begun by the time of the

2004: 1988: 1822:

in 2014 said there were "several hundred fluent speakers".

9765: 9736: 9691: 9607: 9331: 9046: 8737: 8659: 8480: 4312:. Literature aimed at children is also available, such as 1934:

only allowed for marriage ceremonies in English or Welsh.

1801:

people who spoke Cornish fluently suggested in a study by

1160: 1154: 808:, which Jackson links to the defeat of the Britons at the 538:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

12143:: a Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall 12089: 12049:

Spellyans – Standard Written Form Cornish discussion list

11240: 10411: 8686: 8213: 7940: 7505: 4462: 1980: 12128:

An English-Cornish Glossary in the Standard Written Form

11808: 11482:(1st ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. xxxi. 9801: 9789: 9777: 9753: 9679: 9516: 9297:. Aberystwyth: Celtic Studies Publications – Cymru Cyf. 9114: 9112: 6911:(1986). "How many people spoke Cornish traditionally?". 6505: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6012: 5413:

Hag avel ol ow lelder my a ystyn ow leuv dhe’m kontrari.

4518:

A monthly half-hour online TV show began in 2017 called

4447:

Cornish television shows have included a 1982 series by

3812:. A number of language organisations exist in Cornwall: 3639:

Nouns usually precede the adjective, unlike in English:

776:

A map showing the westward decline of Cornish, 1300–1750

11382: 11260: 11258: 11060: 10809:"Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek Cornish Language Stock List" 9977: 9319: 9097: 8198: 6939:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Anglica

6935:"Cornish Language and Literature: A brief introduction" 6342:"Have a good dy: Cornish language is taught in nursery" 6128:"Funding boost to safeguard Cornish language announced" 5796:

Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexander, eds. (2010).

4364:

award for Cornish Language books for children. In 2014

11682: 11670: 11658: 11646: 11634: 11622: 11610: 11598: 11574: 11517:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 140. 11236:"Cornwall – Connected – Hear the news read in Cornish" 9153: 8698: 8674: 7224: 502:

Cornish is classified as Critically Endangered by the

14543: 11965:= The Creation of the World: A Cornish Mystery (1863) 11586: 11552:(4th ed.). Oxford: Claredon Press. p. 289. 9832: 9109: 9017:

Cornish today: an examination of the revived language

8783: 8237: 8235: 8142:

E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies

8003:

Cornish today: An examination of the revived language

7517: 7132:

Handbook of Medieval Studies Terms - Methods - Trends

6857: 6494: 6482: 6470: 6458: 4628:

in the 21st century, Late Cornish orthography in the

3241:

3SG.M PTCL believe-PRES.3SG PTCL see-PRES.1SG DEF cat

2295:'people', and words for parts of the body, including 1829:

A report on the 2011 Census published in 2013 by the

944:. Some Brittonic glosses in the 9th-century colloquy 844:

over the next few centuries. During the Old Cornish (

14929: 11549:

The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names

11255: 10653: 8935:"Names, Varieties and Ideologies in Revived Cornish" 8851:"Names, Varieties and Ideologies in Revived Cornish" 8206:"'South West: TeachingEnglish: British Council: BBC" 7092:"Glasney's Parish Clergy and the Tregear Manuscript" 6827: 6825: 5535:, another Celtic language subject to revival efforts 5452: 2826:, masculine and feminine, but are not inflected for 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2467: 2461: 2403: 2397: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2302: 2290: 2206: 2194: 2170: 2164: 2152: 2146: 2134: 2128: 1403:

they had never heard him claim to be able to do so.

1279: 1132: 1120: 1082: 1067: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1029: 1003: 980: 974: 945: 921: 887: 866: 15820: 12024:

A Handbook of the Cornish Language, by Henry Jenner

10681:

Originally published in Netherton and Worth, Truro.

10367: 10313:"The Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse & Celtic" 7054: 6535:"Oxford scholars detect earliest record of Cornish" 5539:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

5303:Dear country of the west, what land is your equal? 4461:and broadcast between June and July 1984, later on 4179: 3669:Some adjectives usually precede the noun, however: 1909:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

928:or Cottonian Vocabulary), a Cornish translation of 663:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

19:For the Cornish dialect and accent of English, see 12101:An Index to the Historical Place Names of Cornwall 11842:An Outline of the Standard Written Form of Cornish 11475: 11061:"Alys y'n Vro a Varthusyon ha Der an Gweder-Mires" 10565:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. 10554: 9654:An Outline of the Standard Written Form of Cornish 8331: 8232: 7297: 7185: 6962:The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain 6733:"The Vocabularium Cornicum: a Cornish vocabulary?" 6693:Multilingualism in Medieval Britain (C. 1066-1520) 6068: 5406:I swear to wrestle without treachery or brutality 2523:is a 'traditional Cornish dance get-together' and 634:as a living community language in Cornwall by the 9294:Archaeologia Britannica: Texts & Translations 9283: 8988:The pronunciation and spelling of revived Cornish 8635:. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. 1 February 1995. 8310:"The Cornish Language: In Danger or Flourishing?" 6822: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5291:Old land of our fathers, your children love you, 4277:Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass 4145:was produced by John Bannister in the same year. 3787:have articles in Cornish, and newspapers such as 2745:Occurs after 2nd person singular infixed pronoun 2485: 2479: 2473: 2440: 2428: 2413: 2387: 2381: 2354: 2348: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2296: 2284: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 1744:, failing to make distinctions that they believe 1350:Decline of Cornish speakers between 1300 and 1800 899: 16478: 12082:Portions of the Book of Common Prayer in Cornish 11973:. Wilmslow: Sigma Press (reissued in 1998, 2000 10677:The Ancient Language and the Dialect of Cornwall 8647:"Cornish language funding stopped by government" 7732:Grenoble, Lenore A.; Whaley, Lindsay J. (2006). 7403: 7298:Fletcher, Anthony; MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2008). 7186:Fletcher, Anthony; MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2008). 5931: 5907:. Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall. 5315:Over all the world, we are spread far and wide, 4679:Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names 3708:Commemorative plaque in Cornish and English for 2997:'I see', 3rd person plural imperfect indicative 10244:Kernewek Lowender Copper Coast Cornish Festival 8583:"Couple cannot have a Cornish language wedding" 8036: 8034: 7228:Christianities in the Early Modern Celtic World 6928: 6926: 6689:"Multilingualism and the Vocabularium Cornicum" 3985:, was established in 2010 at Cornwall College, 3946:Cornish Language Practice Project (Early Years) 3003:'they saw', and 2nd person singular imperative 1852: 1816:, a councillor and bard, in a statement to the 642:started in the early 20th century, and in 2010 12071:– basic Cornish lessons hosted by BBC Cornwall 9891:"Cornish (Kernewek/Kernowek/Kernuak/Curnoack)" 9853:"Adjectival and Adverbial Prefixes in Cornish" 9398:; Fritz, Matthias; Wenthe, Mark, eds. (2016). 8756: 8754: 8752: 8263: 8073: 7731: 6379:Studies in British Celtic historical phonology 5979: 5795: 4101:, who came to Cornwall to study the language. 3607: 3520: 3458: 3413: 3388: 3275: 3248:In negative statements, the order was usually 3214: 3189: 3160: 3118: 3093: 3085:, with the verb in the third person singular: 2682:Verbs are provected after the verbal particle 2380:'land', and a variety of animal names such as 2029: 1769:Geographic distribution and number of speakers 16054: 15806: 14507: 13609: 13420:? (possibly independent or pre-Indo-European) 13065: 12514: 12178: 12154: 12064: 11960: 11944: 10011:. New Directions in Celtic Studies Conference 9651:Bock, Albert; Bruch, Benjamin (3 June 2008). 8932: 8848: 8289:"Cornish language no longer extinct, says UN" 6559: 6208: 5992:"Cornish language no longer extinct, says UN" 5524: 5487:, the Cornish dialect of the English language 5435: 5423: 5411: 5399: 5387: 5356: 5344: 5332: 5320: 5308: 5296: 5284: 5263: 5249: 5237: 5225: 5213: 5201: 5157: 5148: 5138: 5130: 5121: 5109: 5100: 5088: 5079: 5067: 5060: 5048: 5039: 5027: 5018: 5006: 4983: 4974: 4962: 4955: 4943: 4934: 4902: 4893: 4881: 4872: 4860: 4851: 4839: 4830: 4818: 4809: 4797: 4788: 4776: 4767: 4755: 4746: 4734: 4725: 4713: 4672: 4664: 4653: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4587: 4572: 4564: 4556: 4525: 4519: 4466: 4452: 4437: 4431: 4417: 4407: 4387: 4365: 4359: 4349: 4327: 4313: 4294: 4287: 4219: 4213: 4195: 4072: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4007: 3997: 3980: 3841: 3833: 3825: 3820:(Our Language), the Cornish sub-group of the 3813: 3800: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3738: 3713: 3573: 3436: 3342: 3332: 3060: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2948: 2942: 2934: 2928: 2909: 2903: 2890: 2884: 2876: 2870: 2862: 2856: 2843: 2837: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2760: 2754: 2746: 2730: 2724: 2716: 2697: 2691: 2683: 2664: 2658: 2650: 2631: 2625: 2617: 1998: 1898: 1888: 1882: 1872: 1862: 1722: 1712: 1706: 1289: 1196:, which even fewer of them could understand. 1019: 912:, a list of almost fifty Cornish saints, the 845: 580: 574: 144: 128: 112: 96: 80: 64: 42: 36: 14495: 11941:A Very Brief History of the Cornish Language 11036:"Tredden in Scath (Heb Gwil Mencyon a'n Ky)" 9475: 9463: 9448: 9436: 9393: 8501:"Cornwall cultural strategy evidence report" 8031: 7588:Studies in the consonantal system of Cornish 7564:Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall 6932: 6923: 6879:Studies in the consonantal system of Cornish 6784: 6737: 5962: 5960: 5761: 5759: 5351:For as long as the sea is a wall around you 5298:Gwlas ker an howlsedhes, pan vro yw dha bar? 4189: 3632:Hostess be-PRES-INTERR-INDEF.3SG food to+you 3548: 3530: 2062: 16:Brythonic Celtic language spoken in Cornwall 14555: 14519: 12137: 12012:The preverbal particle Re in Cornish (1908) 11906:A Proposed Standard Written Form of Cornish 11752: 11514:BBC pronouncing dictionary of British names 11431:"The rebirth of Britain's 'lost' languages" 9068:Desky kernowek: a complete guide to Cornish 8980: 8978: 8749: 8173: 7909:Celtic Linguistics / Ieithyddiaeth Geltaidd 7058:The Charter fragment and Pascon agan arluth 6023: 5603:Language Empires in Comparative Perspective 5401:My a de omdewlel heb traytouri na garowder, 5394:On my honour and the honour of my country, 4998: 4597: 4124: 3939:Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic 3309:A similar structure is used for questions: 2446: 2434: 2422: 2212: 2200: 2176: 2158: 2140: 2107: 2017: 2010: 1968: 1781:; this sign is at Penzance railway station. 1253:William Bodinar's letter, dated 3 July 1776 1229:, the loss of contact between Cornwall and 988: 16061: 16047: 15813: 15799: 14531: 13623: 13616: 13602: 13072: 13058: 12521: 12507: 12185: 12171: 9771: 9747: 9697: 9569: 9342: 8836: 8743: 8668: 8486: 7946: 7738:. Cambridge University Press. p. 46. 7344:. London: Jonathan Cape. pp. 282–286. 6521: 5686: 5310:War oll an norvys 'th on ni skollys a-les, 5286:Bro goth agan tasow, dha fleghes a'th kar, 2616:Feminine singular nouns are lenited after 2181:). A further characteristic sound change, 1958: 1887:), looking towards the village of Treave ( 661:Cornish is currently recognised under the 494: 11994:Concise Dictionary of Cornish Place-names 9650: 9522: 9487: 9354: 9159: 8950: 8866: 8442: 8424: 8135: 8129: 7476: 6846:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 6843: 6372: 5957: 5756: 5596: 3822:European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages 3260: 709:language family. Brittonic also includes 11428: 11332:"The other American Celts - the Cornish" 10237: 9850: 9807: 9795: 9783: 9759: 9685: 9625: 9613: 9325: 9118: 9064: 9052: 9013: 8975: 8933:Davies-Deacon, Merryn (28 August 2017). 8897: 8849:Davies-Deacon, Merryn (28 August 2017). 8801: 8789: 8040: 8000: 7902: 7684:"Death of Mr John Kelynack, of Newlyn". 7609: 7523: 7511: 7489:. T. Bensley for J. Faulder. p. 152 7029: 6875: 6437: 6339: 5799:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 5644: 4607: 4014:A Practical Dictionary of Modern Cornish 3853: 3703: 3164: 1856: 1845:The Institute of Cornish Studies at the 1785:Speakers of Cornish reside primarily in 1772: 1353: 1248: 998: 968: 860: 771: 547: 508:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 16497:Languages attested from the 9th century 16068: 11896:The Cornish Language and its Literature 11753:Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia (2002). 11510: 11422: 11179:"An Gannas – Cornish language magazine" 10698:Language Problems and Language Planning 10649:. Oxford: Edward Lhuyd and Mr. Bateman. 10614:The Cornish Language and Its Literature 10562:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10514: 10190: 9358:Etymological dictionary of proto-Celtic 9248:The Cornish language and its literature 9213:. John Benjamins Pub. Co. p. 242. 9103: 8704: 8692: 8680: 8216:/ British Council. 2010. Archived from 7873: 7848:A Short History of Cornish Lexicography 7766: 7699: 7697: 7690:. No. 356. 14 May 1885. p. 5. 7416:The Cornish Language and Its Literature 7354: 7128: 6863: 6488: 6476: 6464: 6290:"Street name plates - Cornwall Council" 5859: 5566: 4586:released an album in Cornish, entitled 4507:, a short film written and directed by 3862:in several languages, including Cornish 871:, a 12th-century Latin-Cornish glossary 784:spoken throughout Britain south of the 532:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 16479: 14472: 12123:Gerlyver kernewek (Cornish dictionary) 11908:. Cornish Language Partnership Process 11688: 11676: 11664: 11652: 11640: 11628: 11616: 11604: 11592: 11580: 11545: 11154:"An Hobys, pò An Fordh Dy ha Tre Arta" 10738: 10690: 10659: 10634: 10373: 10029: 9952:"Helping promote the Cornish language" 9838: 9819: 9709: 9581: 9171: 8984: 8329: 8307: 8301: 8079: 7958: 7805: 7644: 7443: 7259: 7167: 7129:Classen, Albrecht (29 November 2010). 6907: 6903: 6901: 6581: 6509: 6056:Commission of the European Communities 5339:Cornwall, Cornwall, we love Cornwall; 5220:equal in dignity and rights. They are 4515:distinctive and exciting filmmakers". 4457:, an eight-episode series produced by 4020:. Course books include the three-part 3362:Elements can be fronted for emphasis: 2853:Addition of a specific plural suffix: 2715:Occurs after the affirmative particle 1777:Cornish can be seen in many places in 1014:) (f.56v.) Middle Cornish Saint's Play 16502:Languages extinct in the 18th century 16042: 15794: 15704: 15596: 15375: 15177: 14609: 14389: 14035: 13672: 13597: 13053: 12502: 12166: 12153: 12146:by Robert Williams, Llandovery, 1865. 12059:List of localised software in Cornish 12039:Endangered Languages Project: Cornish 11840:Bruch, Benjamin; Bock, Albert (2008) 10886:"Adro dhe'n Bÿs in Peswar Ugans Dëdh" 10640: 10608: 10493: 10001: 9534: 9241: 9130: 8760: 8601: 8560: 8498: 8366:"Language in England and Wales: 2011" 7973: 7844: 7535: 7482: 7409: 7399:from the original on 12 October 2018. 7372: 7366: 7342:Tudor Cornwall: Portrait of a Society 7336: 7231:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 76. 7089: 7002: 6955: 6831: 6781: 6730: 6620: 6214: 6082:Mebyon Kernow and Cornish Nationalism 5966: 5927: 5925: 5597:Ó Riagáin, Dónall (13 January 2015). 5185:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4619:The Cornish language features in the 4202:translation of the Bible into Cornish 3916: 3599: 3595: 3512: 3450: 3409: 3271: 3210: 3185: 3114: 3047:(with, by) has derived forms such as 1156:Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge 586: 137: 121: 105: 89: 73: 57: 13079: 12192: 12111:Cornish language Sayings and Phrases 12034:Cornish Language Partnership website 11459:Cornish Place-names in the Landscape 11264: 11195: 10671: 9537:Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 9206: 9020:(3rd ed.). Westport, Co. Mayo: 8716: 8346:from the original on 12 January 2022 8308:Brooks, Richard (18 November 2014). 8136:Ferdinand, Siarl (2 December 2013). 8005:(3rd ed.). Westport, Co. Mayo: 7703: 7694: 7557: 6786:Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 6739:Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 6686: 6340:Woolcock, Nicola (15 January 2010). 6100:"Cornish gains official recognition" 5900: 5203:Genys frank ha par yw oll tus an bys 4687: 3887:and the annual mid-summer bonfires. 3565:be-PRES-AFF.3SG 1PL health 1PL to+us 15597: 13502:(Chubut Province, Argentina; Welsh) 11456: 9629:Towards a grammar of Middle Cornish 8082:"Breakthrough for Cornish language" 6898: 6584:"The Old Cornish Gloss on Boethius" 6235: 5244:and should act towards one another 5239:hag y tal dhedha omdhon an eyl orth 5232:endowed with reason and conscience 5208:All human beings are born free and 5116:Possibly 'Homestead of the doctor' 4651:('island') can be found spelled as 3848:(the Cornish Language Fellowship). 3516: 3479: 3454: 2822:Cornish nouns belong to one of two 611:language spoken throughout much of 207:as of the 2021 Census: 557 in 2011) 13: 13038:Index of Cornwall-related articles 12758:List of civil parishes in Cornwall 11971:Cornish Place Names & Language 10473:"Ertach Kernow – Keep it Kernewek" 10191:Beamish, Sam (17 September 2021). 9978:"Aagan Towlennow / Our Programmes" 8330:Harley, Nicola (5 November 2015). 8251:. Welsh Media Ltd. 16 January 2010 8109:"Standard Cornish spelling agreed" 6667: 5939:. Tor Mark Press. pp. 19–25. 5922: 5823:from the original on 23 July 2022. 5511:List of topics related to Cornwall 5143:, literally meaning 'feast-acre'. 4080: 3975:Cornwall's first Cornish-language 3866: 3603: 3352: 3328: 2034:After the publication of Jenner's 1692:A Handbook of the Cornish Language 1675: 1036:, a cycle of three mystery plays, 854:, after the Saxons had taken over 14: 16553: 16460:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 15027:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 12097:Cornish Bible Translation Project 12017: 11915:, Vol. 2, 2 Dec pp. 199–227 11886:The Story of the Cornish Language 11429:Williams, Holly (12 April 2018). 10739:Holmes, Clive (1998). "Review of 10679:. New York: AMS Press. p. 4. 10494:Dixon, Martha (9 February 2022). 10238:Lowender, Kernewek (9 May 2023). 9851:Williams, N. J. A. (1 May 2013). 9494:. Turnhout: Brepols. p. 62. 8561:Elgot, Jessica (7 October 2015). 7584: 6382:. Amsterdam: Rodopi. p. 12. 5937:The Story of the Cornish Language 5363:We are one and all for Cornwall! 5346:An mor hedre vo yn fos dhis a-dro 5215:yn aga dynita hag yn aga gwiryow. 4162:Cornish Language Partnership MAGA 4117:the Ancient Cathedral of Cornwall 3840:(the Cornish Language Board) and 3244:'He believes that I see the cat.' 2517:are different types of pastries. 1312:, a short story about a man from 1161: 1155: 964: 688: 16507:Southwestern Brittonic languages 15777: 14390: 14022: 13565:Scottish Gaelic-medium education 12530: 12088:by Kenneth MacKinnon – from the 11929:Sketch of Cornish grammar (1859) 11802: 11775: 11746: 11721: 11694: 11539: 11504: 11469: 11450: 11400: 11375: 11350: 11324: 11296: 11270: 11228: 11189: 11171: 11146: 11132: 11114: 11089: 11071: 11053: 11028: 11003: 10978: 10953: 10928: 10903: 10878: 10853: 10832: 10815: 10801: 10775: 10732: 10684: 10665: 10602: 10547: 10508: 10487: 10465: 10445: 10393: 10379: 10327: 10305: 10283: 10257: 10231: 10205: 10184: 10156: 10128: 10098: 10068: 10023: 9995: 9970: 9944: 9910: 9883: 9844: 9813: 9703: 9644: 9619: 9575: 9528: 9481: 9387: 9348: 9277: 9235: 9200: 9165: 9124: 9058: 9007: 8926: 8891: 8842: 8795: 8710: 8639: 8623: 8595: 8575: 8554: 8522: 8492: 8451: 8080:Morris, Jonathan (19 May 2008). 7905:"A Problem in Cornish Phonology" 7560:"William Bodinar's letter, 1776" 6565:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 6264:"Cornish language – is it dead?" 6148:. 19 August 2014. Archived from 5469: 5455: 5430:In the words of my forefathers: 4626:Standard Written Form of Cornish 4229:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 4218:literary awards, established by 4180:Recent Modern Cornish literature 4111:, the Manchester-born rector of 3496:be-PRES-AFF.3SG PTCL call-VN Ely 3468: 3398: 3370: 3317: 3285: 3224: 3199: 3174: 3128: 3103: 2688:(approximately English "-ing"): 2036:Handbook of the Cornish Language 2016:orthography that he used in his 1922: 1861:The view from Carn Brea beacon ( 1062:. From this period also are the 607:, Cornish is descended from the 16522:Languages of the United Kingdom 16492:Critically endangered languages 15822:Languages of the United Kingdom 12985:Population of major settlements 12116: 12106:A review of the Cornish revival 12000:. Westport, Co. Mayo: Evertype 11834: 10515:Spriggs, Matthew (1 May 2005). 10401:"Dictionary: English – Cornish" 10348:. December 2014. Archived from 9712:Studies in Brythonic Word Order 9255:& Kegan Paul. p. 194. 8418: 8388: 8358: 8323: 8281: 8167: 8101: 7994: 7967: 7952: 7896: 7867: 7838: 7799: 7760: 7725: 7677: 7638: 7603: 7578: 7551: 7529: 7437: 7348: 7330: 7304:(5th ed.). Harlow, Essex: 7291: 7253: 7218: 7192:(5th ed.). Harlow, Essex: 7179: 7161: 7122: 7083: 7048: 7023: 6996: 6974:10.1002/9781118396957.wbemlb247 6949: 6869: 6837: 6775: 6724: 6680: 6661: 6614: 6575: 6553: 6527: 6431: 6404: 6366: 6333: 6307: 6282: 6256: 6182: 6156: 6138: 6120: 6092: 5894: 5506:Languages in the United Kingdom 5491:Bible translations into Cornish 5389:War ow enor ha war enor ow bro, 5358:'Th on onan hag oll rag Kernow! 5227:Enduys yns gans reson ha kowses 5149: 5122: 5101: 5080: 5061: 5040: 5019: 4975: 4956: 4935: 4894: 4873: 4852: 4831: 4810: 4789: 4768: 4747: 4726: 4665: 4654: 4471:. In 2016 Kelly's Ice Cream of 4235:Around the World in Eighty Days 4137:. William C. Borlase published 3718:) mounted on the north side of 3024: 2248:, either through the ancestral 1244: 705:, which is a sub-family of the 13514:(Nova Scotia; Scottish Gaelic) 12575:Council of the Isles of Scilly 11981:; second revised edition 2007 11851:. Truro: Dyllansow Fentenwynn 11844:. Cornish Language Partnership 8602:Milmo, Cahal (23 April 2014). 8538:. 21 July 2014. Archived from 8404:Office for National Statistics 8370:Office for National Statistics 7767:Lowenna, Sharon (1 May 2011). 7419:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 7360:The History of Glasney College 6582:Breeze, A. (1 December 2007). 6537:. 15 June 2006. Archived from 5904:William Bodinar's letter, 1776 5853: 5827: 5789: 5775:Office for National Statistics 5742:Office for National Statistics 5726: 5680: 5638: 5590: 5570:(2003). Payton, Philip (ed.). 5560: 5334:Kernow, Kernow y keryn Kernow; 4990:Either a dialectal variant of 4139:Proverbs and Rhymes in Cornish 3737:There have been films such as 1947: 1831:Office for National Statistics 1387:last native speaker of Cornish 835: 832:over the following centuries. 798:westward Anglo-Saxon expansion 1: 16537:Verb–subject–object languages 15746:Celtic place names in Galicia 15376: 13585:extinct or ancestor languages 11888:. 32 p. Truro: Tor Mark Press 10749:The English Historical Review 10076:"Crying the Neck in Cornwall" 7853:Jagiellonian University Press 7645:Payton, Philip (1 May 2011). 6956:Padel, O.J. (3 August 2017), 6886:, Aberystwyth. pp. 2–3. 6217:"Cornish Language Study 2000" 5605:. Berlin / München / Boston: 5554: 5501:List of Celtic-language media 5251:y gila yn spyrys a vrederedh. 4783:Head Holy i.e. Holy Headland 4212:Waterstones hosts the annual 4168: 4044:, as well as the more recent 4028: 4008: 3970:Integrating Language and Play 3422:DEF cat 1SG PTCL see-PRES.3SG 3145:1SG PTCL see-PRES.3SG DEF cat 3075: 3017: 3011: 2576: 2239: 2113: 2055: 1738: 1237:and immigration to Cornwall. 646:reclassified the language as 15178: 13683:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 12365:Cornish Language Partnership 12132:Cornish Language Partnership 10596:UK public library membership 10346:Cornish Language Partnership 10273:Institute of Cornish Studies 10002:Mills, Jon (November 2000). 9926:Cornish Language Partnership 8499:Birch, Sophie (March 2010). 8041:Grenoble, Lenore A. (2009). 6933:Stalmaszczyk, Piotr (1997). 6225:Cornish Language Partnership 6198:Cornish Language Partnership 6172:Cornish Language Partnership 5601:. In Stolz, Christel (ed.). 5521:The Cornish Language Council 5256:in a spirit of brotherhood. 4923:English (anglicised) surname 4612:Place-names translated into 4366: 4052: 3998: 3905:serving as a celebration of 3842: 3834: 3814: 3801: 3767: 3761: 3739: 3714: 3404: 3394: 3384: 3376: 3366: 3291: 3281: 3266: 3256: 3230: 3220: 3205: 3195: 3180: 3170: 3156: 3134: 3124: 3109: 3099: 3089: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 2949: 2943: 2929: 2910: 2904: 2891: 2885: 2877: 2871: 2863: 2857: 2844: 2838: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2761: 2755: 2747: 2731: 2725: 2717: 2698: 2692: 2684: 2665: 2659: 2651: 2649:Nouns are spirantized after 2632: 2626: 2618: 2581: 2078: 1853:Legal status and recognition 1810:Cornish Language Partnership 1759:Cornish Language Partnership 1723: 890:De Consolatione Philosophiae 725:, the last two of which are 328:Cornish Language Partnership 7: 16532:Endangered Celtic languages 14670:Welsh literature in English 14610: 14036: 13762:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 13673: 12075:Cornish Language Fellowship 11783:"Trevithick Family History" 11410:. The Peter Warlock Society 10620:. pp. 82–94, 100–108. 9065:Williams, Nicholas (2012). 9014:Williams, Nicholas (2006). 8939:Studia Celtica Posnaniensia 8898:Williams, Nicholas (1997). 8855:Studia Celtica Posnaniensia 8802:Williams, Nicholas (2016). 8001:Williams, Nicholas (2006). 7903:Williams, N. J. A. (1990). 7610:Lipoński, Wojciech (2016). 7090:Frost, D. H. (1 May 2007). 5448: 5442:"Fair play is sweet play". 4143:A Glossary of Cornish Names 2775: 2030:Revived Cornish orthography 1761:in 2005 and agreement on a 1281:Meea navidna caw zasawzneck 1168:When Parliament passed the 397: – Middle Cornish 390: – Modern Cornish 10: 16558: 14690:Scottish Gaelic literature 14070:Brigantia (ancient region) 12080:Lyver Pysadow Kemyn (1980) 11992:Weatherhill, Craig (2009) 11969:Weatherhill, Craig (1995) 11939:Sandercock, Graham (1996) 11900:Routledge & Kegan Paul 11898:. ix, 230 p. London: 11870:English Cornish dictionary 11755:The Oxford Names Companion 10618:Routledge & Kegan Paul 10080:Newquay.oldcornwall.org.uk 10033:Journal of British Studies 9488:Jefferson, Judith (2013). 9139:University of Exeter Press 8769:University of Exeter Press 8396:"Main language (detailed)" 8174:O'Neill, Diarmuid (2005). 8049:Cambridge University Press 7980:University of Exeter Press 7808:"Cornwall a Celtic Nation" 7452:University of Exeter Press 6701:10.1484/m.tcne-eb.1.100793 6621:Olson, B. Lynette (1996). 6024:O'Neill, Diarmuid (2005). 5870:Edinburgh University Press 5861:Jackson, Kenneth Hurlstone 5656:Cambridge University Press 5437:“Gwari hweg yw gwari teg”. 5178: 4601: 4172: 4151:English–Cornish Dictionary 3962:Understanding Bilingualism 3699: 3635:'Hostess, have you food?' 3238:Ev a grys y hwelav an gath 2780:Cornish has no indefinite 2553: 2549: 2082: 1999:Middle Cornish orthography 1951: 1731:morphophonemic orthography 1679: 1381:The traditional view that 1284:," "I speak no Saxonage." 934:Genesis creation narrative 767: 745:branch of Insular Celtic. 697:language, a branch of the 18: 16447: 16399: 16361: 16076: 16005: 15972: 15915: 15828: 15768: 15711: 15705: 15700: 15638: 15609: 15592: 15555: 15477: 15468: 15440: 15412: 15384: 15371: 15324: 15289: 15263: 15184: 15173: 15060: 15037:Hebridean Celtic Festival 14974: 14876: 14855: 14824: 14739: 14698: 14665:Welsh-language literature 14620: 14616: 14605: 14567: 14481: 14398: 14385: 14255: 14214: 14148: 14044: 14031: 14020: 13857: 13826: 13760: 13681: 13668: 13635: 13578: 13533: 13486: 13463: 13400:? (possibly hypothetical) 13388: 13304: 13282: 13241: 13218: 13200: 13189: 13180: 13105: 13087: 12925: 12767: 12583: 12562: 12551: 12485: 12464: 12403: 12385:Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek 12345: 12309: 12251: 12200: 12160: 12155:Links to related articles 12139:Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum 11282:BroadcastForSchools.co.uk 11126:Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek 11083:Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek 10761:10.1093/ehr/CXIII.450.177 10240:"Home: Kernewek Lowender" 9822:The Ancient Cornish Drama 9626:Toorians, Lauran (2011). 9355:Matasović, Ranko (2009). 8425:Ferdinand, Siarl (2018). 7874:Gendall, Richard (1972). 7030:Toorians, Lauran (1991). 7017:10.13140/RG.2.1.1558.0882 6687:Blom, Alderik H. (2012). 6412:"Glottolog 4.4 - Cornish" 5700:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: 5327:But our love is for you. 5322:Mes agan kerensa yw dhis. 4681:considers this unlikely. 4573: 4565: 4557: 4526: 4253:Hound of the Baskervilles 4126:Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum 4012:by Nicholas Williams and 4009:Gerlyver Sawsnek–Kernowek 3844:Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek 3068: 2265:'aunt, mother's sister', 1178:Cornish rebellion of 1497 780:Cornish evolved from the 741:are part of the separate 625:common community language 518: 493: 479: 467: 451: 438: 425: 408: 375: 357: 339: 334: 320: 297: 292: 276: 264: 211: 197: 187: 177: 167: 157: 50: 35: 30: 16512:Cornish language revival 15470:Ancient Celtic languages 12390:Movyans Skolyow Meythrin 11920:Jackson, Kenneth (1953) 11904:Everson, Michael (2007) 10986:"Gwerryans an Planettys" 10861:"Alys in Pow an Anethow" 10747:by John Gwynfor Jones". 9207:Ball, Martin J. (1990). 8180:. Y Lolfa. p. 242. 6876:Chaudhri, Talat (2007). 6268:This is The West Country 6030:. Y Lolfa. p. 240. 5839:CornishDictionary.org.uk 5615:10.1515/9783110408362.77 5425:Gans geryow ow hendasow: 5013:, meaning 'swan river'. 4598:Place-names and surnames 4533: 4530:" ('Esther's Kitchen'). 4397: 4334:The Beast of Bodmin Moor 3710:Michael Joseph the Smith 3629:Hostes, ues boues dewhy? 3302:NEG see-PRES.1SG DEF cat 2957: 2817: 2646:or "aspirate" mutation: 2505:'to mend fishing nets'. 2151:'believe', Late Cornish 2011:Late Cornish orthography 1917:Atlas of World Languages 1721:published a new system, 1682:Cornish language revival 979:, the first play of the 816:eventually evolved into 404: – Old Cornish 15741:Gaulish words in French 15726:Celtic words in English 13980:Scottish New Zealanders 13870:Anglo-Celtic Australian 13408:? (possibly related to 12380:Kesva an Taves Kernewek 12370:Cussel an Tavas Kernuak 11946:Kesva an Tavas Kernewek 11884:Ellis, Peter B. (1971) 11759:Oxford University Press 11702:"Ellery Family History" 11546:Ekwall, Eilert (1960). 11511:Pointon, G. E. (1990). 11065:Kesva an Taves Kernewek 10711:10.1075/lplp.36.2.01say 10610:Ellis, Peter Berresford 10427:Cornish Language Office 10321:University of Cambridge 10299:University of Cambridge 10269:Humanities.Exeter.ac.uk 9826:Oxford University Press 9591:Kesva an Taves Kernewek 9585:, ed. (2009). "porth". 9243:Ellis, Peter Berresford 8993:Kesva an Taves Kernewek 8731:10.13173/SPR.48.1-2.034 8463:Humanities.Exeter.ac.uk 8384:– via ons.gov.uk. 7959:Burley, Stuart (2008). 7882:Kesva an Taves Kernewek 7785:10.1386/corn.19.1.105_1 7585:Zafar, Chaudhri Talat. 7558:Pool, P. A. S. (1975). 7541:Archaeologia Britannica 7483:Carew, Richard (1811). 7411:Ellis, Peter Berresford 6452:10.1386/corn.18.1.179_1 6252:(subscription required) 5933:Berresford Ellis, Peter 5901:Pool, P. A. S. (1975). 5805:(3rd ed.). Paris: 5526:Cussel an Tavas Kernuak 4265:The Wind in the Willows 3996:by Steve Harris (ed.), 3982:Skol dy'Sadorn Kernewek 3935:University of Cambridge 3836:Kesva an Taves Kernewek 3681: 3673: 3651: 3643: 3621: 3613: 3590: 3582: 3554: 3544: 3536: 3526: 3507: 3485: 3474: 3464: 3445: 3338: 3323: 3313: 3305:'I do not see the cat.' 2742:Type 2 mixed mutation: 2712:Type 1 mixed mutation: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2441: 2429: 2414: 2404: 2398: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2355: 2349: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2207: 2195: 2171: 2165: 2153: 2147: 2135: 2133:'father', Late Cornish 2129: 2019:Archaeologia Britannica 1959:Old Cornish orthography 1306:Archaeologia Britannica 1301:Archaeologia Britannica 1280: 1133: 1129:The Passion of Our Lord 1121: 1083: 1068: 1004: 900: 898:, which used the words 636:end of the 18th century 16119:Bosnia and Herzegovina 14675:Early Irish literature 14556: 14544: 14532: 14520: 14508: 14496: 13960:Scotch-Irish Canadians 13955:Scotch-Irish Americans 13570:Welsh-medium education 13220:Southwestern Brittonic 12138: 12065: 11961: 11945: 11408:"Peter Warlock: Works" 10961:"Ky Teylu Baskerville" 10840:"Holyer an Gof Awards" 10571:10.1093/ref:odnb/74428 10533:10.1386/corn.13.1.98_1 10110:RedruthOldCornwall.org 9869:10.1386/corn.21.1.33_1 9820:Norris, Edwin (1859). 9772:Ball & Müller 2009 9748:Ball & Müller 2009 9698:Ball & Müller 2009 9570:Ball & Müller 2009 9408:Mouton. p. 1251. 9343:Ball & Müller 2009 8837:Ball & Müller 2009 8744:Ball & Müller 2009 8669:Ball & Müller 2009 8487:Ball & Müller 2009 8431:Studia Celtica Fennica 7947:Ball & Müller 2009 7806:Jenner, Henry (1905). 7713:. Truro: County Museum 7390:10.13140/2.1.1439.5843 7382:Interfaces in Language 7135:. De Gruyter Lexikon. 7108:10.1386/corn.15.1.27_1 6785: 6738: 6522:Ball & Müller 2009 5544:Irish language revival 5525: 5436: 5424: 5412: 5400: 5388: 5357: 5345: 5333: 5321: 5309: 5297: 5285: 5270:, the Cornish anthem: 5264: 5250: 5238: 5226: 5214: 5202: 5158: 5139: 5131: 5110: 5089: 5068: 5049: 5028: 5007: 5005:or from the parish of 4999: 4984: 4963: 4944: 4903: 4882: 4861: 4840: 4819: 4798: 4777: 4756: 4735: 4714: 4673: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4616: 4588: 4520: 4467: 4453: 4438: 4432: 4418: 4408: 4388: 4360: 4358:), which won the 2015 4356:Briallen and the Alien 4350: 4328: 4314: 4295: 4288: 4220: 4214: 4196: 4190: 4125: 4074:Yeth an Werin Warlinen 4073: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4022: 3981: 3863: 3826: 3773: 3723: 3574: 3562:'ma 'gen ehaz nyi dhen 3499:'(He) is calling Ely.' 3437: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2935: 2571:inflected prepositions 2447: 2435: 2423: 2213: 2201: 2177: 2169:'leave', Late Cornish 2163:), and Middle Cornish 2159: 2141: 2108: 2063: 2018: 1969: 1904: 1899: 1889: 1883: 1873: 1863: 1793:, as well as in other 1782: 1713: 1707: 1398:speaker may have been 1362: 1290: 1286: 1254: 1219:Peter Berresford Ellis 1170:Act of Uniformity 1549 1050: 1044: 1038: 1030: 1020: 1015: 996: 989: 981: 975: 973:The opening verses of 946: 922: 888: 872: 867: 846: 826:Southwestern Brittonic 777: 703:Celtic language family 695:Southwestern Brittonic 597:Celtic language family 593:Southwestern Brittonic 581: 575: 563: 520:This article contains 243:Southwestern Brittonic 145: 129: 113: 97: 81: 65: 43: 37: 15302:Scottish independence 15047:Celtic Media Festival 14930:National music scenes 14156:Proto-Celtic religion 13858:Related ethnic groups 13547:Skol Veythrin Karenza 13487:Celtic-speaking areas 13412:or pre-Indo-European) 12395:Skol Veythrin Karenza 12317:Standard Written Form 11202:. New York / London: 11196:Ball, Martin (1993). 11140:"Briallen ha'n Alyon" 10936:"Flehes an Hens Horn" 10783:"Passyon Agan Arluth" 10691:Sayers, Dave (2012). 10291:"The Language Centre" 10265:"About the Institute" 9720:10.1075/cilt.83.06geo 9549:10.1515/zcph.2013.009 9172:Wmffre, Iwan (1998). 8952:10.1515/scp-2017-0005 8868:10.1515/scp-2017-0005 7917:10.1075/cilt.68.20wil 7663:10.1386/corn.19.1.1_2 7444:Stoyle, Mark (2002). 7175:. London: David Nutt. 6968:, Ltd, pp. 1–2, 6966:John Wiley & Sons 6800:10.1515/zcph.2014.009 6753:10.1515/zcph.2013.009 6639:10.1353/pgn.1996.0016 6600:10.1093/notesj/gjm184 4611: 4459:Television South West 4259:The War of the Worlds 3873:Celtic Media Festival 3857: 3810:Millennium Commission 3707: 3568:'We have our health.' 3065:'with you (plural)'. 2289:'person, human', and 2109:Vocabularium Cornicum 2089:Standard Written Form 2069:Standard Written Form 1971:Vocabularium Cornicum 1967:. By the time of the 1952:Further information: 1860: 1776: 1763:Standard Written Form 1357: 1334:, recorded orally by 1275: 1269:, published in 1602, 1252: 1201:under the command of 1174:Prayer Book Rebellion 1002: 972: 924:Vocabularium Cornicum 916:, which is a list of 868:Vocabularium Cornicum 864: 775: 648:critically endangered 621:mutually intelligible 571:Standard Written Form 561: 271:Standard Written Form 16517:Languages of England 16070:Languages of Europe 15626:(Medieval Welsh law) 15236:Scottish nationalism 14886:Ancient Celtic music 14201:Romano-Celtic temple 14010:Welsh New Zealanders 13935:Irish New Zealanders 12069:– A Taste of Cornish 11866:A Cornish Dictionary 11463:University of Exeter 11199:The Celtic languages 11011:"An Gwyns i'n Helyk" 10458:University of Exeter 10433:on 17 September 2017 10277:University of Exeter 9932:on 17 September 2016 8985:George, Ken (1986). 8467:University of Exeter 8210:TeachingEnglish.orgn 7707:The Death of Cornish 7704:Pool, Peter (1975). 7139:. pp. 371–372. 7061:. Dundee: Evertype. 7011:. pp. 139–157. 6541:on 25 September 2006 6204:on 25 December 2008. 6178:on 25 December 2008. 6086:Welsh Academic Press 6058:. 1986. p. 195. 5702:Taylor & Francis 5697:The Celtic Languages 5651:The Celtic languages 4825:Camm (crooked) Hill 4695:English (anglicised) 4582:In 2018, the singer 4286:(which won the 2012 4247:The Railway Children 3931:University of Vienna 3927:University of Exeter 3881:Old Cornwall Society 3784:Western Morning News 2947:'willow-trees' > 2679:or "hard" mutation: 2613:or "soft" mutation: 2586:Cornish has initial 2222:revitalised language 2098:of the dental stops 1847:University of Exeter 1819:Western Morning News 1808:Jenefer Lowe of the 1385:(1692–1777) was the 1332:John Hobson Matthews 1203:Sir Anthony Kingston 820:and the now extinct 16527:Cornish nationalism 16362:States with limited 16006:Languages by region 15316:Irish republicanism 15297:Breton independence 15276:Scottish devolution 15209:Cornish nationalism 15032:Pan Celtic Festival 14906:Scottish folk music 14660:Scottish literature 14181:Celtic Christianity 13985:Scottish Travellers 13970:Scottish Argentines 13814:Scottish Travellers 13559:Bunscoill Ghaelgagh 13534:Immersive education 13031:Outline of Cornwall 12586:(cities in italics) 12563:Unitary authorities 12472:Brittonic languages 12441:Robert Morton Nance 12261:Bodmin manumissions 11729:"Last Name: Ellery" 11387:Radyo an Gernewegva 10387:"Gerlyver Kernewek" 10217:The Falmouth Packet 10116:on 14 November 2012 9982:Radyo an Gernewegva 9956:The Falmouth Packet 9572:, pp. 510–513. 9404:. Berlin / Boston: 9289:Roberts, Brynley F. 9131:Mills, Jon (1999). 8839:, pp. 496–497. 8761:Mills, Jon (1999). 8591:. 26 February 2021. 8339:The Daily Telegraph 7845:Mills, Jon (2016). 7547:. pp. 251–253. 7373:Mills, Jon (2010). 7003:Mills, Jon (2012). 6884:University of Wales 6731:Mills, Jon (2013). 6524:, pp. 410–468. 6294:www.cornwall.gov.uk 6231:on 3 December 2013. 5835:"Gerlyver Kernewek" 5266:Bro Goth agan Tasow 5164:'Mean/Middle town' 4567:Bro Goth agan Tasow 4449:Westward Television 4440:Radyo an Gernewegva 4433:Nowodhow an Seythen 4351:Briallen ha'n Alyon 4271:Three Men in a Boat 4197:Passyon agan arluth 3954:Plymouth University 3952:course approved by 3923:University of Wales 3802:Radyo an Gernewegva 2982:. For example, the 2824:grammatical genders 2567:verb–subject–object 2563:consonant mutations 2250:Proto-Indo-European 1714:Kernewek Dasserghys 1699:Robert Morton Nance 1405:Robert Morton Nance 914:Bodmin manumissions 667:works of literature 588:[kəɾˈnuːək] 299:Recognised minority 193:End of 18th century 139:[kəɹˈnɔʊək] 123:[kəɾˈnɔʊək] 107:[kəɹˈnɛʊək] 91:[kəɹˈnuːək] 75:[kəɾˈnɛʊək] 59:[kəɾˈnuːək] 15307:Welsh independence 15271:Cornish devolution 15192:Breton nationalism 15042:Celtic Connections 14645:Cornish literature 13990:Ulster Protestants 13975:Scottish Canadians 13965:Scottish Americans 13875:Anglo-Irish people 13512:Cape Breton Island 13348:Early Modern Irish 13108:Continental Celtic 13025:Places of interest 12723:St Just in Penwith 12301:Bible translations 12267:Pascon agan Arluth 11847:Hodge, Pol (2001) 11338:. 23 February 2020 11284:. 31 December 2011 10355:on 28 January 2015 10144:. 18 November 2021 9958:. 29 November 2012 9287:; Evans, Dewi W.; 9075:. p. xx-xxi. 8444:10.33353/scf.79496 8297:. 7 December 2010. 7413:(1 January 1974). 6852:, pp. 575–577 6321:. 11 February 2014 6270:. 21 February 2009 5744:. 29 November 2022 5609:. pp. 77–88. 5496:Cornish literature 4888:Court Crossroads 4700:Cornish place-name 4617: 4504:Trengellick Rising 4404:BBC Radio Cornwall 4374:'s translation of 4175:Cornish literature 4135:A Cornish Glossary 3966:Creating Resources 3917:Study and teaching 3864: 3779:BBC Radio Cornwall 3724: 2939:'a blade of grass' 2588:consonant mutation 2145:), Middle Cornish 1905: 1903:) in the distance. 1783: 1394:speaker, the last 1363: 1288:The Late Cornish ( 1267:Survey of Cornwall 1255: 1123:Pascon agan Arluth 1026:Cornish literature 1016: 997: 873: 865:The first page of 812:in about 577. The 778: 564: 203:20th century (563 16474: 16473: 16468: 16467: 16036: 16035: 15788: 15787: 15764: 15763: 15696: 15695: 15588: 15587: 15584: 15583: 15547:Cisalpine Gaulish 15367: 15366: 15253:national identity 15248:Welsh nationalism 15241:national identity 15221:Irish nationalism 15169: 15168: 15165: 15164: 15102:Cornish wrestling 14970: 14969: 14891:Breton Folk music 14856:Regional cultures 14699:National cultures 14685:Gaelic literature 14640:Breton literature 14601: 14600: 14597: 14596: 14593: 14592: 14381: 14380: 14293:Chief of the Name 14161:Celtic polytheism 14078:Sub-Roman Britain 14018: 14017: 13905:Irish Australians 13885:Cornish Americans 13844:Scottish diaspora 13591: 13590: 13384: 13383: 13300: 13299: 13243:Western Brittonic 13132:Cisalpine Gaulish 13047: 13046: 12584:Major settlements 12538:Ceremonial county 12496: 12495: 12456:Nicholas Williams 12327:Kernowek Standard 12028:Project Gutenberg 11987:978-1-85058-837-5 11958:Stokes, Whitley, 10789:. 22 October 2009 10594:(Subscription or 10477:Cornwall Heritage 10423:Learn Cornish Now 10342:MagaKernow.org.uk 10295:LangCen.Cam.ac.uk 10172:. 4 February 2021 9922:MagaKernow.org.uk 9616:, pp. 17–18. 9476:Klein et al. 2016 9464:Klein et al. 2016 9449:Klein et al. 2016 9437:Klein et al. 2016 9178:. Lincom Europa. 8695:, pp. 67–68. 8277:on 27 March 2009. 8220:on 8 January 2010 7812:The Celtic Review 7514:, pp. 10–11. 7269:. London: Bello. 6588:Notes and Queries 6561:Sims-Williams, P. 6442:. Second Series. 6250:(18th ed., 2015) 6221:MagaKernow.org.uk 6194:MagaKernow.org.uk 6168:MagaKernow.org.uk 6152:on 31 March 2016. 6108:. 6 November 2002 6000:. 7 December 2010 5816:978-92-3-104096-2 5578:. Second Series. 5446: 5445: 5367: 5366: 5260: 5259: 5175: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5055:'Easter/Passion' 4916: 4915: 4538:English composer 4384:, was published. 4372:Nicholas Williams 4310:Craig Weatherhill 4283:A Christmas Carol 4035:Tavas a Ragadazow 3493:Yma ow kelwel ely 2499:'mine waste' and 2472:'to understand', 2343:'alive, living'. 2211:'crooked' (Welsh 2085:Cornish phonology 2073:Kernowek Standard 1985:dental fricatives 1932:Marriage Act 1949 1803:Kenneth MacKinnon 1735:Nicholas Williams 1673: 1672: 1321:Daines Barrington 1291:Kernewek Diwedhes 1051:Resurrexio Domini 1010:(The life of St. 930:Ælfric of Eynsham 810:Battle of Deorham 796:. As a result of 757:Saint-Pol-de-Léon 675:independent films 562:A Cornish speaker 559: 546: 545: 528:rendering support 524:phonetic symbols. 322:Regulated by 16549: 16542:Language revival 16487:Cornish language 16400:Dependencies and 16336:Northern Ireland 16077:Sovereign states 16063: 16056: 16049: 16040: 16039: 16018:Northern Ireland 15815: 15808: 15801: 15792: 15791: 15781: 15702: 15701: 15594: 15593: 15576:Galwegian Gaelic 15475: 15474: 15373: 15372: 15281:Welsh devolution 15175: 15174: 14927: 14926: 14916:Sean-nós singing 14911:Welsh folk music 14901:Irish folk music 14868:Highland culture 14650:Irish literature 14630:Arthurian Legend 14618: 14617: 14607: 14606: 14559: 14547: 14535: 14523: 14511: 14499: 14479: 14478: 14470: 14469: 14447:Neo-Christianity 14387: 14386: 14318:Gaelic astrology 14278:Celtic festivals 14176:Celtic mythology 14149:Ancient religion 14066:Iron Age Britain 14033: 14032: 14026: 14005:Welsh Argentines 13945:Irish Uruguayans 13940:Irish Travellers 13910:Irish Brazilians 13900:Irish Argentines 13880:Breton Americans 13834:Cornish diaspora 13796:Irish Travellers 13670: 13669: 13662:Celtic languages 13618: 13611: 13604: 13595: 13594: 13373:Galwegian Gaelic 13354:Classical Gaelic 13315:Classical Gaelic 13209:Common Brittonic 13198: 13197: 13187: 13186: 13081:Celtic languages 13074: 13067: 13060: 13051: 13050: 12570:Cornwall Council 12546: 12540: 12535: 12534: 12523: 12516: 12509: 12500: 12499: 12477:Celtic languages 12465:Related articles 12431:Kitty Lee Jenner 12355:Akademi Kernewek 12281:Beunans Meriasek 12233:Cornish surnames 12194:Cornish language 12187: 12180: 12173: 12164: 12163: 12151: 12150: 12141: 12068: 12010:Williams, G. P, 11964: 11948: 11829: 11828: 11826: 11824: 11815: 11806: 11800: 11799: 11797: 11795: 11779: 11773: 11772: 11750: 11744: 11743: 11741: 11739: 11725: 11719: 11718: 11716: 11714: 11698: 11692: 11686: 11680: 11674: 11668: 11662: 11656: 11650: 11644: 11638: 11632: 11626: 11620: 11614: 11608: 11602: 11596: 11590: 11584: 11578: 11572: 11571: 11543: 11537: 11536: 11508: 11502: 11501: 11473: 11467: 11466: 11454: 11448: 11447: 11445: 11443: 11426: 11420: 11419: 11417: 11415: 11404: 11398: 11397: 11395: 11393: 11379: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11368: 11354: 11348: 11347: 11345: 11343: 11336:IrishCentral.com 11328: 11322: 11321: 11319: 11317: 11300: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11289: 11278:"An Canker-Seth" 11274: 11268: 11262: 11253: 11252: 11250: 11248: 11232: 11226: 11225: 11193: 11187: 11186: 11185:on 22 July 2019. 11181:. Archived from 11175: 11169: 11168: 11166: 11164: 11150: 11144: 11143: 11136: 11130: 11129: 11118: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11107: 11097:"Jowal Lethesow" 11093: 11087: 11086: 11075: 11069: 11068: 11057: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11046: 11032: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11021: 11007: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10982: 10976: 10975: 10973: 10971: 10957: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10946: 10932: 10926: 10925: 10923: 10921: 10907: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10896: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10871: 10857: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10846: 10836: 10830: 10819: 10813: 10812: 10805: 10799: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10779: 10773: 10772: 10755:(450): 177–179. 10743:by Anne Duffin; 10736: 10730: 10729: 10727: 10725: 10688: 10682: 10680: 10673:Jago, Fred W. P. 10669: 10663: 10657: 10651: 10650: 10638: 10632: 10631: 10606: 10600: 10599: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10558: 10551: 10545: 10544: 10512: 10506: 10505: 10491: 10485: 10484: 10483:on 5 April 2022. 10479:. Archived from 10469: 10463: 10462: 10461:. 2 August 2021. 10449: 10443: 10442: 10440: 10438: 10429:. Archived from 10415: 10409: 10408: 10397: 10391: 10390: 10383: 10377: 10371: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10354: 10339: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10309: 10303: 10302: 10287: 10281: 10280: 10261: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10235: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10224: 10219:. 19 August 2021 10209: 10203: 10202: 10188: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10177: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10149: 10132: 10126: 10125: 10123: 10121: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10091: 10082:. Archived from 10072: 10066: 10065: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10016: 10010: 9999: 9993: 9992: 9990: 9988: 9974: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9948: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9928:. Archived from 9914: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9887: 9881: 9880: 9848: 9842: 9836: 9830: 9829: 9817: 9811: 9805: 9799: 9793: 9787: 9781: 9775: 9769: 9763: 9757: 9751: 9745: 9734: 9733: 9707: 9701: 9695: 9689: 9683: 9677: 9676: 9648: 9642: 9641: 9623: 9617: 9611: 9605: 9604: 9579: 9573: 9567: 9561: 9560: 9532: 9526: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9485: 9479: 9473: 9467: 9461: 9452: 9446: 9440: 9434: 9428: 9427: 9391: 9385: 9384: 9363:Brill Publishing 9352: 9346: 9340: 9329: 9323: 9317: 9316: 9281: 9275: 9274: 9239: 9233: 9232: 9204: 9198: 9197: 9169: 9163: 9157: 9151: 9150: 9128: 9122: 9116: 9107: 9101: 9095: 9094: 9062: 9056: 9055:, p. 12–13. 9050: 9044: 9043: 9011: 9005: 9004: 8982: 8973: 8972: 8954: 8930: 8924: 8923: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8870: 8846: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8780: 8758: 8747: 8741: 8735: 8734: 8714: 8708: 8702: 8696: 8690: 8684: 8678: 8672: 8666: 8657: 8656: 8655:. 21 April 2016. 8643: 8637: 8636: 8627: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8579: 8573: 8572: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8547: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8508:Cornwall Council 8505: 8496: 8490: 8484: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8459:"Celtic Revival" 8455: 8449: 8448: 8446: 8422: 8416: 8415:(UK 2021 Census) 8414: 8412: 8410: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8372:. Archived from 8362: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8335: 8327: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8305: 8299: 8298: 8285: 8279: 8278: 8273:. Archived from 8267: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8256: 8239: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8225: 8202: 8196: 8195: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8133: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8105: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8038: 8029: 8028: 7998: 7992: 7991: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7956: 7950: 7944: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7900: 7894: 7893: 7871: 7865: 7864: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7824:10.2307/30069809 7803: 7797: 7796: 7764: 7758: 7757: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7712: 7701: 7692: 7691: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7533: 7527: 7521: 7515: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7496: 7494: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7379: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7334: 7328: 7327: 7301:Tudor rebellions 7295: 7289: 7288: 7257: 7251: 7250: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7189:Tudor rebellions 7183: 7177: 7176: 7165: 7159: 7158: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7052: 7046: 7045: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7000: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6945:(1999): 117–127. 6930: 6921: 6920: 6905: 6896: 6895: 6873: 6867: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6841: 6835: 6829: 6820: 6819: 6788: 6779: 6773: 6772: 6741: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6531: 6525: 6519: 6513: 6507: 6492: 6486: 6480: 6474: 6468: 6462: 6456: 6455: 6435: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6374:Schrijver, Peter 6370: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6350:. Archived from 6337: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6260: 6254: 6253: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6227:. Archived from 6215:MacKinnon, Ken. 6212: 6206: 6205: 6200:. Archived from 6186: 6180: 6179: 6174:. Archived from 6160: 6154: 6153: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6134:. 13 March 2015. 6124: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6021: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6005: 5988: 5977: 5976: 5964: 5955: 5954: 5929: 5920: 5919: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5804: 5793: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5763: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5646:MacAulay, Donald 5642: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5568:Spriggs, Matthew 5564: 5528: 5516:Language revival 5479: 5474: 5473: 5465: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5439: 5427: 5415: 5403: 5391: 5376: 5375: 5360: 5348: 5336: 5324: 5312: 5300: 5288: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5253: 5241: 5229: 5217: 5205: 5190: 5189: 5161: 5154: 5153: 5142: 5134: 5127: 5126: 5113: 5106: 5105: 5092: 5085: 5084: 5071: 5064: 5063: 5052: 5045: 5044: 5031: 5024: 5023: 5012: 5002: 4987: 4980: 4979: 4966: 4959: 4958: 4947: 4940: 4939: 4920: 4919: 4906: 4899: 4898: 4885: 4878: 4877: 4864: 4857: 4856: 4843: 4836: 4835: 4822: 4815: 4814: 4801: 4794: 4793: 4780: 4773: 4772: 4762:Dunes Pleustri 4759: 4752: 4751: 4738: 4731: 4730: 4717: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4657: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4604:Cornish surnames 4593: 4578: 4577: 4570: 4569: 4562: 4561: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4470: 4456: 4443: 4435: 4421: 4411: 4393: 4376:J. R. R. Tolkien 4369: 4363: 4353: 4331: 4317: 4298: 4291: 4225: 4217: 4199: 4193: 4128: 4076: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4029:Clappya Kernowek 4025: 4011: 4001: 3999:An Gerlyver Meur 3984: 3958:Cornwall College 3858:Welcome sign at 3847: 3839: 3831: 3819: 3804: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3750:Cornish surnames 3744: 3717: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3577: 3550: 3532: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3481: 3470: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3440: 3419:an gath my a wel 3415: 3411: 3400: 3390: 3372: 3354: 3348:a glewsyugh why? 3344: 3334: 3330: 3319: 3299:Ny welav an gath 3287: 3277: 3273: 3262: 3226: 3216: 3212: 3201: 3191: 3187: 3176: 3166: 3162: 3148:'I see the cat.' 3142:My a wel an gath 3130: 3120: 3116: 3105: 3095: 3080: 3077: 3064: 3059:'with him', and 3058: 3052: 3046: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2952: 2946: 2938: 2932: 2913: 2907: 2894: 2888: 2880: 2874: 2866: 2860: 2847: 2841: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2764: 2758: 2750: 2734: 2728: 2720: 2701: 2695: 2687: 2668: 2662: 2654: 2635: 2629: 2621: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2417: 2407: 2401: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2358: 2352: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2188: 2180: 2174: 2168: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2132: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2105: 2101: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2021: 1974: 1928:Cornwall Council 1902: 1892: 1886: 1876: 1866: 1824:Cornwall Council 1791:Cornish diaspora 1743: 1740: 1728: 1716: 1710: 1425: 1424: 1368:passive speakers 1310:John of Chyanhor 1293: 1283: 1227:Cornish alphabet 1198:Anthony Fletcher 1164: 1163: 1158: 1157: 1136: 1134:Tregear Homilies 1126: 1117:Charter Fragment 1088: 1073: 1070:Beunans Meriasek 1053: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1023: 1009: 1006:Beunans Meriasek 994: 986: 978: 951: 948:De raris fabulis 927: 903: 893: 870: 849: 814:western dialects 790:British Iron Age 782:Common Brittonic 685:opened in 2010. 609:Common Brittonic 595:language of the 590: 584: 578: 560: 512: 498: 489: 463: 446: 433: 420: 403: 396: 389: 380: 371: 370: 362: 353: 352: 344: 330: 301:language in 282: 217: 150: 148: 141: 134: 132: 125: 118: 116: 109: 102: 100: 93: 86: 84: 77: 70: 68: 61: 46: 40: 28: 27: 16557: 16556: 16552: 16551: 16550: 16548: 16547: 16546: 16477: 16476: 16475: 16470: 16469: 16464: 16443: 16401: 16395: 16381:Northern Cyprus 16363: 16357: 16251:North Macedonia 16072: 16067: 16037: 16032: 16001: 15968: 15928:Beurla Reagaird 15916:Other languages 15911: 15902:Scottish Gaelic 15824: 15819: 15789: 15784: 15760: 15707: 15692: 15634: 15630:Early Scots law 15619:Early Irish law 15605: 15580: 15557:Scottish Gaelic 15551: 15492:Proto-Brittonic 15464: 15460:Beurla Reagaird 15436: 15432:Scottish Gaelic 15408: 15380: 15363: 15359:Columba Project 15339:Celtic Congress 15320: 15285: 15259: 15180: 15161: 15122:Gaelic handball 15112:Gaelic football 15097:Cornish hurling 15056: 14966: 14925: 14872: 14851: 14837:Gaelic clothing 14820: 14735: 14694: 14655:Manx literature 14612: 14589: 14568:Other claimants 14563: 14468: 14418:Celtic Congress 14394: 14377: 14273:Celtic calendar 14251: 14210: 14144: 14040: 14027: 14014: 14000:Welsh Americans 13920:Irish Catholics 13915:Irish Canadians 13895:Irish Americans 13853: 13827:Celtic diaspora 13822: 13756: 13685: 13677: 13664: 13631: 13622: 13592: 13587: 13574: 13529: 13482: 13473:Beurla Reagaird 13459: 13397:Ancient Belgian 13380: 13367:Scottish Gaelic 13327:Primitive Irish 13296: 13278: 13237: 13214: 13193: 13176: 13101: 13083: 13078: 13048: 13043: 13020:Hundreds/shires 12968:Flora and fauna 12921: 12763: 12752: 12713:St Columb Major 12585: 12579: 12558: 12555:Cornwall Portal 12547: 12542: 12536: 12529: 12527: 12497: 12492: 12489:Cornwall Portal 12481: 12460: 12446:Dolly Pentreath 12416:Richard Gendall 12399: 12341: 12337:Unified Cornish 12322:Kernewek Kemmyn 12305: 12247: 12238:Glasney College 12196: 12191: 12156: 12119: 12020: 11998:Michael Everson 11927:Norris, Edwin, 11892:Ellis, Peter B. 11874:Jenner, Henry, 11837: 11832: 11822: 11820: 11813: 11807: 11803: 11793: 11791: 11781: 11780: 11776: 11769: 11761:. p. 125. 11751: 11747: 11737: 11735: 11727: 11726: 11722: 11712: 11710: 11700: 11699: 11695: 11687: 11683: 11675: 11671: 11663: 11659: 11651: 11647: 11639: 11635: 11627: 11623: 11615: 11611: 11603: 11599: 11591: 11587: 11579: 11575: 11560: 11544: 11540: 11525: 11509: 11505: 11490: 11474: 11470: 11455: 11451: 11441: 11439: 11427: 11423: 11413: 11411: 11406: 11405: 11401: 11391: 11389: 11381: 11380: 11376: 11366: 11364: 11362:Screen Cornwall 11356: 11355: 11351: 11341: 11339: 11330: 11329: 11325: 11315: 11313: 11302: 11301: 11297: 11287: 11285: 11276: 11275: 11271: 11263: 11256: 11246: 11244: 11234: 11233: 11229: 11214: 11206:. p. 652. 11194: 11190: 11177: 11176: 11172: 11162: 11160: 11152: 11151: 11147: 11138: 11137: 11133: 11122:"Topsy and Tim" 11120: 11119: 11115: 11105: 11103: 11095: 11094: 11090: 11079:"Karol Nadelik" 11077: 11076: 11072: 11059: 11058: 11054: 11044: 11042: 11034: 11033: 11029: 11019: 11017: 11009: 11008: 11004: 10994: 10992: 10984: 10983: 10979: 10969: 10967: 10959: 10958: 10954: 10944: 10942: 10934: 10933: 10929: 10919: 10917: 10909: 10908: 10904: 10894: 10892: 10884: 10883: 10879: 10869: 10867: 10859: 10858: 10854: 10844: 10842: 10838: 10837: 10833: 10820: 10816: 10807: 10806: 10802: 10792: 10790: 10781: 10780: 10776: 10737: 10733: 10723: 10721: 10689: 10685: 10670: 10666: 10658: 10654: 10639: 10635: 10628: 10607: 10603: 10593: 10585: 10583: 10581: 10553: 10552: 10548: 10521:Cornish Studies 10513: 10509: 10492: 10488: 10471: 10470: 10466: 10451: 10450: 10446: 10436: 10434: 10417: 10416: 10412: 10399: 10398: 10394: 10385: 10384: 10380: 10372: 10368: 10358: 10356: 10352: 10337: 10333: 10332: 10328: 10311: 10310: 10306: 10289: 10288: 10284: 10263: 10262: 10258: 10248: 10246: 10236: 10232: 10222: 10220: 10211: 10210: 10206: 10189: 10185: 10175: 10173: 10162: 10161: 10157: 10147: 10145: 10134: 10133: 10129: 10119: 10117: 10104: 10103: 10099: 10089: 10087: 10074: 10073: 10069: 10028: 10024: 10014: 10012: 10008: 10000: 9996: 9986: 9984: 9976: 9975: 9971: 9961: 9959: 9950: 9949: 9945: 9935: 9933: 9916: 9915: 9911: 9901: 9899: 9889: 9888: 9884: 9857:Cornish Studies 9849: 9845: 9837: 9833: 9818: 9814: 9806: 9802: 9794: 9790: 9782: 9778: 9770: 9766: 9758: 9754: 9746: 9737: 9730: 9708: 9704: 9696: 9692: 9684: 9680: 9665: 9649: 9645: 9624: 9620: 9612: 9608: 9601: 9593:. p. 533. 9580: 9576: 9568: 9564: 9533: 9529: 9521: 9517: 9502: 9486: 9482: 9478:, p. 1256. 9474: 9470: 9466:, p. 1255. 9462: 9455: 9451:, p. 1254. 9447: 9443: 9439:, p. 1252. 9435: 9431: 9416: 9392: 9388: 9373: 9353: 9349: 9341: 9332: 9324: 9320: 9305: 9282: 9278: 9263: 9240: 9236: 9221: 9205: 9201: 9186: 9170: 9166: 9158: 9154: 9129: 9125: 9117: 9110: 9102: 9098: 9083: 9063: 9059: 9051: 9047: 9032: 9012: 9008: 8983: 8976: 8931: 8927: 8912: 8896: 8892: 8847: 8843: 8835: 8831: 8816: 8800: 8796: 8788: 8784: 8759: 8750: 8742: 8738: 8715: 8711: 8703: 8699: 8691: 8687: 8679: 8675: 8667: 8660: 8645: 8644: 8640: 8629: 8628: 8624: 8614: 8612: 8609:The Independent 8600: 8596: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8559: 8555: 8545: 8543: 8542:on 29 July 2014 8535:Plymouth Herald 8528: 8527: 8523: 8513: 8511: 8503: 8497: 8493: 8485: 8481: 8471: 8469: 8457: 8456: 8452: 8423: 8419: 8408: 8406: 8394: 8393: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8376:on 29 July 2014 8364: 8363: 8359: 8349: 8347: 8328: 8324: 8314: 8312: 8306: 8302: 8287: 8286: 8282: 8269: 8268: 8264: 8254: 8252: 8241: 8240: 8233: 8223: 8221: 8204: 8203: 8199: 8188: 8172: 8168: 8158: 8156: 8134: 8130: 8120: 8118: 8114:BBC News Online 8107: 8106: 8102: 8092: 8090: 8087:BBC News Online 8078: 8074: 8059: 8039: 8032: 8017: 7999: 7995: 7972: 7968: 7957: 7953: 7945: 7941: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7901: 7897: 7872: 7868: 7843: 7839: 7804: 7800: 7773:Cornish Studies 7765: 7761: 7746: 7730: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7710: 7702: 7695: 7683: 7682: 7678: 7651:Cornish Studies 7643: 7639: 7624: 7608: 7604: 7583: 7579: 7556: 7552: 7543:. Vol. 1: 7534: 7530: 7522: 7518: 7510: 7506: 7492: 7490: 7481: 7477: 7462: 7442: 7438: 7427: 7408: 7404: 7396: 7377: 7371: 7367: 7353: 7349: 7335: 7331: 7316: 7306:Pearson Longman 7296: 7292: 7277: 7258: 7254: 7239: 7223: 7219: 7204: 7196:. p. 152. 7194:Pearson Longman 7184: 7180: 7166: 7162: 7147: 7127: 7123: 7096:Cornish Studies 7088: 7084: 7069: 7053: 7049: 7028: 7024: 7001: 6997: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6954: 6950: 6931: 6924: 6913:Cornish Studies 6906: 6899: 6874: 6870: 6862: 6858: 6842: 6838: 6830: 6823: 6780: 6776: 6729: 6725: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6685: 6681: 6666: 6662: 6619: 6615: 6580: 6576: 6558: 6554: 6544: 6542: 6533: 6532: 6528: 6520: 6516: 6508: 6495: 6487: 6483: 6475: 6471: 6463: 6459: 6440:Cornish Studies 6436: 6432: 6422: 6420: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6390: 6371: 6367: 6357: 6355: 6338: 6334: 6324: 6322: 6319:Falmouth Packet 6313: 6312: 6308: 6298: 6296: 6288: 6287: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6262: 6261: 6257: 6251: 6240: 6236: 6213: 6209: 6188: 6187: 6183: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6144: 6143: 6139: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6111: 6109: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6074:Tregidga, Garry 6070:Deacon, Bernard 6067: 6063: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6038: 6022: 6013: 6003: 6001: 5997:BBC News Online 5990: 5989: 5980: 5969:Cornish Studies 5965: 5958: 5947: 5930: 5923: 5899: 5895: 5880: 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5817: 5802: 5794: 5790: 5780: 5778: 5765: 5764: 5757: 5747: 5745: 5732: 5731: 5727: 5712: 5704:. p. 491. 5694:, eds. (2009). 5688:Ball, Martin J. 5685: 5681: 5666: 5658:. p. 346. 5643: 5639: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5595: 5591: 5576:Cornish Studies 5565: 5561: 5557: 5549:Breton language 5477:Language portal 5475: 5468: 5463:Cornwall portal 5461: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5181: 5176: 5004: 4926:Cornish surname 4757:Tewynn Pleustri 4696: 4606: 4600: 4584:Gwenno Saunders 4536: 4409:Kroeder Kroghen 4400: 4241:Treasure Island 4182: 4177: 4171: 4083: 4081:Cornish studies 4018:Richard Gendall 3933:, Austria. The 3919: 3885:Crying the Neck 3869: 3867:Cultural events 3860:Truro Cathedral 3793:The West Briton 3728:Celtic Congress 3702: 3697: 3687: 3679: 3667: 3657: 3649: 3637: 3627: 3619: 3611: 3588: 3570: 3560: 3552: 3542: 3534: 3524: 3501: 3491: 3483: 3472: 3462: 3433: 3417: 3402: 3392: 3382: 3374: 3360: 3358:'Did you hear?' 3346: 3336: 3321: 3307: 3297: 3289: 3279: 3264: 3246: 3236: 3228: 3218: 3203: 3193: 3178: 3168: 3150: 3140: 3132: 3122: 3107: 3097: 3078: 3071: 3027: 2960: 2953:'a willow tree' 2889:'peddler' > 2820: 2814:'the harbour'. 2778: 2604:Scottish Gaelic 2584: 2579: 2558: 2556:Cornish grammar 2552: 2445:'cheese' (from 2319:'broad, wide', 2242: 2226:reconstructions 2123:(or occasional 2116: 2091: 2083:Main articles: 2081: 2058: 2048:Kernewek Kemmyn 2040:Unified Cornish 2032: 2013: 2001: 1961: 1956: 1950: 1925: 1855: 1771: 1750:Richard Gendall 1741: 1725:Kernewek Kemmyn 1703:Unified Cornish 1684: 1678: 1676:Revived Cornish 1450: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1383:Dolly Pentreath 1359:Dolly Pentreath 1352: 1247: 1115:Others are the 1056:Glasney College 967: 838: 770: 761:Kenneth Jackson 731:Scottish Gaelic 701:section of the 691: 652:second-language 630:Cornish became 548: 526:Without proper 514: 513: 501: 485: 459: 442: 429: 416: 413: 399: 398: 392: 391: 385: 384: 376: 366: 365: 358: 348: 347: 340: 326: 316: 302: 300: 293:Official status 283: 278: 267: 260: 218: 215:Language family 213: 153: 142: 126: 110: 94: 78: 62: 41: 24: 21:Cornish dialect 17: 12: 11: 5: 16555: 16545: 16544: 16539: 16534: 16529: 16524: 16519: 16514: 16509: 16504: 16499: 16494: 16489: 16472: 16471: 16466: 16465: 16463: 16462: 16457: 16455:European Union 16451: 16449: 16448:Other entities 16445: 16444: 16442: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16405: 16403: 16402:other entities 16397: 16396: 16394: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16378: 16373: 16367: 16365: 16359: 16358: 16356: 16355: 16350: 16349: 16348: 16343: 16338: 16333: 16326:United Kingdom 16323: 16318: 16313: 16308: 16303: 16298: 16293: 16288: 16283: 16278: 16273: 16268: 16263: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16243: 16238: 16233: 16228: 16223: 16218: 16213: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16191: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16139:Czech Republic 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16080: 16078: 16074: 16073: 16066: 16065: 16058: 16051: 16043: 16034: 16033: 16031: 16030: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16009: 16007: 16003: 16002: 16000: 15999: 15992: 15990:Northern Irish 15987: 15982: 15976: 15974: 15973:Sign languages 15970: 15969: 15967: 15966: 15961: 15956: 15949: 15942: 15937: 15930: 15925: 15919: 15917: 15913: 15912: 15910: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15898: 15897: 15887: 15886: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15858: 15853: 15848: 15838: 15832: 15830: 15826: 15825: 15818: 15817: 15810: 15803: 15795: 15786: 15785: 15783: 15782: 15775: 15769: 15766: 15765: 15762: 15761: 15759: 15758: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15712: 15709: 15708: 15698: 15697: 15694: 15693: 15691: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15648:Gaelic warfare 15644: 15642: 15636: 15635: 15633: 15632: 15627: 15624:Cyfraith Hywel 15621: 15615: 15613: 15607: 15606: 15590: 15589: 15586: 15585: 15582: 15581: 15579: 15578: 15573: 15571:Deeside Gaelic 15568: 15562: 15560: 15553: 15552: 15550: 15549: 15544: 15542:Hispano-Celtic 15539: 15534: 15529: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15504: 15499: 15497:Proto-Goidelic 15494: 15489: 15483: 15481: 15472: 15466: 15465: 15463: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15446: 15444: 15438: 15437: 15435: 15434: 15429: 15424: 15418: 15416: 15410: 15409: 15407: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15390: 15388: 15382: 15381: 15369: 15368: 15365: 15364: 15362: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15349:Celtic society 15346: 15344:Celtic Revival 15341: 15336: 15330: 15328: 15322: 15321: 15319: 15318: 15312:United Ireland 15309: 15304: 15299: 15293: 15291: 15287: 15286: 15284: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15267: 15265: 15261: 15260: 15258: 15257: 15256: 15255: 15245: 15244: 15243: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15217: 15216: 15206: 15205: 15204: 15199: 15188: 15186: 15182: 15181: 15171: 15170: 15167: 15166: 15163: 15162: 15160: 15159: 15157:Welsh handball 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15137:Highland games 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15070: 15064: 15062: 15058: 15057: 15055: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15023: 15022: 15013: 15004: 14995: 14980: 14978: 14972: 14971: 14968: 14967: 14965: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14933: 14931: 14924: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14882: 14880: 14874: 14873: 14871: 14870: 14865: 14863:Gaelic culture 14859: 14857: 14853: 14852: 14850: 14849: 14844: 14842:Highland dress 14839: 14834: 14828: 14826: 14822: 14821: 14819: 14818: 14813: 14808: 14806:Pictish stones 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14783: 14778: 14773: 14768: 14763: 14762: 14761: 14751: 14745: 14743: 14737: 14736: 14734: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14702: 14700: 14696: 14695: 14693: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14677: 14672: 14667: 14662: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14626: 14624: 14614: 14613: 14603: 14602: 14599: 14598: 14595: 14594: 14591: 14590: 14588: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14571: 14569: 14565: 14564: 14562: 14561: 14549: 14537: 14525: 14513: 14501: 14488: 14486: 14476: 14467: 14466: 14465: 14464: 14459: 14449: 14444: 14443: 14442: 14432: 14431: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14410: 14408:Celtic nations 14405: 14403:Celtic Revival 14399: 14396: 14395: 14383: 14382: 14379: 14378: 14376: 14375: 14370: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14259: 14257: 14253: 14252: 14250: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14218: 14216: 14212: 14211: 14209: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14171:Celtic Animism 14168: 14166:Celtic deities 14163: 14158: 14152: 14150: 14146: 14145: 14143: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14125:Cisalpine Gaul 14122: 14121: 14120: 14115: 14097: 14088: 14063: 14054: 14052:Gaelic Ireland 14048: 14046: 14042: 14041: 14029: 14028: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14015: 14013: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13950:Manx Americans 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13925:Irish Chileans 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13890:English people 13887: 13882: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13861: 13859: 13855: 13854: 13852: 13851: 13849:Welsh diaspora 13846: 13841: 13839:Irish diaspora 13836: 13830: 13828: 13824: 13823: 13821: 13820: 13819: 13818: 13817: 13816: 13805: 13800: 13799: 13798: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13766: 13764: 13758: 13757: 13755: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13693: 13691: 13679: 13678: 13666: 13665: 13646:Celtic studies 13638:Celtic nations 13636: 13633: 13632: 13621: 13620: 13613: 13606: 13598: 13589: 13588: 13579: 13576: 13575: 13573: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13556: 13550: 13544: 13537: 13535: 13531: 13530: 13528: 13527: 13521: 13515: 13509: 13503: 13497: 13494:Lower Brittany 13490: 13488: 13484: 13483: 13481: 13480: 13475: 13469: 13467: 13461: 13460: 13458: 13457: 13454:Paleo-Hispanic 13445: 13433: 13421: 13413: 13401: 13392: 13390: 13386: 13385: 13382: 13381: 13379: 13378: 13377: 13376: 13364: 13359: 13358: 13357: 13344: 13337: 13330: 13318: 13310: 13308: 13302: 13301: 13298: 13297: 13295: 13294: 13286: 13284: 13280: 13279: 13277: 13276: 13275: 13274: 13267: 13255: 13247: 13245: 13239: 13238: 13236: 13235: 13230: 13224: 13222: 13216: 13215: 13213: 13212: 13204: 13202: 13195: 13184: 13182:Insular Celtic 13178: 13177: 13175: 13174: 13167: 13160: 13159: 13158: 13151: 13141:Hispano-Celtic 13137: 13136: 13135: 13121: 13113: 13111: 13103: 13102: 13100: 13099: 13091: 13089: 13085: 13084: 13077: 13076: 13069: 13062: 13054: 13045: 13044: 13042: 13041: 13034: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12995:Notable people 12992: 12987: 12982: 12981: 12980: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12929: 12927: 12923: 12922: 12920: 12919: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12771: 12769: 12765: 12764: 12762: 12761: 12747: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12589: 12587: 12581: 12580: 12578: 12577: 12572: 12566: 12564: 12560: 12559: 12552: 12549: 12548: 12526: 12525: 12518: 12511: 12503: 12494: 12493: 12486: 12483: 12482: 12480: 12479: 12474: 12468: 12466: 12462: 12461: 12459: 12458: 12453: 12451:A. S. D. Smith 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12407: 12405: 12401: 12400: 12398: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12375:Gorsedh Kernow 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12351: 12349: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12339: 12334: 12332:Modern Cornish 12329: 12324: 12319: 12313: 12311: 12307: 12306: 12304: 12303: 12298: 12291: 12284: 12277: 12270: 12263: 12257: 12255: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12204: 12202: 12198: 12197: 12190: 12189: 12182: 12175: 12167: 12161: 12158: 12157: 12148: 12147: 12134: 12125: 12118: 12115: 12114: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12095:Bibel Kernewek 12092: 12083: 12077: 12072: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12019: 12018:External links 12016: 12015: 12014: 12008: 11990: 11967: 11962:Gwreans an bys 11956: 11937: 11925: 11918: 11909: 11902: 11889: 11882: 11872: 11862:Jago, F. W. P. 11859: 11845: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11830: 11818:Kernewegva.com 11801: 11774: 11767: 11745: 11720: 11693: 11691:, p. 408. 11681: 11679:, p. 432. 11669: 11667:, p. 102. 11657: 11655:, p. 573. 11645: 11643:, p. 717. 11633: 11631:, p. 866. 11621: 11619:, p. 514. 11609: 11607:, p. 624. 11597: 11585: 11583:, p. 647. 11573: 11558: 11538: 11523: 11503: 11488: 11468: 11465:. p. 393. 11449: 11421: 11399: 11374: 11349: 11323: 11295: 11269: 11267:, p. 652. 11254: 11227: 11212: 11188: 11170: 11145: 11131: 11113: 11088: 11070: 11052: 11027: 11002: 10977: 10952: 10927: 10911:"Enys Tresour" 10902: 10877: 10852: 10831: 10814: 10800: 10774: 10731: 10683: 10664: 10652: 10633: 10626: 10601: 10579: 10546: 10507: 10486: 10464: 10444: 10419:"Find a Class" 10410: 10392: 10378: 10366: 10326: 10317:ASNC.Cam.ac.uk 10304: 10282: 10256: 10230: 10204: 10183: 10155: 10127: 10097: 10086:on 8 July 2012 10067: 10046:10.1086/386202 10040:(4): 423–444. 10022: 9994: 9969: 9943: 9918:"Business Use" 9909: 9882: 9843: 9831: 9812: 9810:, p. 153. 9800: 9798:, p. 147. 9788: 9786:, p. 351. 9776: 9774:, p. 239. 9764: 9762:, p. 348. 9752: 9750:, p. 529. 9735: 9728: 9702: 9700:, p. 516. 9690: 9688:, p. 166. 9678: 9663: 9643: 9618: 9606: 9599: 9574: 9562: 9543:(1): 141–150. 9527: 9523:Jefferson 2013 9515: 9500: 9480: 9468: 9453: 9441: 9429: 9414: 9394:Klein, Jared; 9386: 9371: 9347: 9345:, p. 532. 9330: 9318: 9303: 9276: 9261: 9234: 9219: 9199: 9184: 9164: 9160:Schrijver 1995 9152: 9123: 9108: 9106:, p. 699. 9096: 9081: 9057: 9045: 9030: 9006: 8974: 8925: 8910: 8890: 8841: 8829: 8814: 8794: 8782: 8748: 8746:, p. 496. 8736: 8725:(1–2): 34–43. 8709: 8697: 8685: 8673: 8671:, p. 495. 8658: 8638: 8622: 8594: 8574: 8553: 8521: 8491: 8489:, p. 769. 8479: 8450: 8417: 8387: 8357: 8322: 8300: 8280: 8262: 8231: 8197: 8186: 8166: 8128: 8100: 8072: 8057: 8030: 8015: 7993: 7974:Mills (1999). 7966: 7951: 7949:, p. 757. 7939: 7925: 7895: 7866: 7837: 7818:(3): 234–246. 7798: 7779:(1): 105–122. 7759: 7744: 7724: 7693: 7687:The Cornishman 7676: 7647:"Introduction" 7637: 7622: 7602: 7591:. p. 17. 7577: 7550: 7528: 7516: 7504: 7475: 7460: 7454:. p. 45. 7436: 7425: 7402: 7365: 7356:Whetter, James 7347: 7329: 7314: 7308:. p. 65. 7290: 7275: 7266:Thomas Cranmer 7261:Ridley, Jasper 7252: 7237: 7217: 7202: 7178: 7160: 7145: 7121: 7082: 7067: 7047: 7022: 6995: 6982: 6964:, Oxford, UK: 6948: 6922: 6897: 6868: 6856: 6836: 6821: 6774: 6747:(1): 141–150. 6723: 6709: 6679: 6670:Revue Celtique 6660: 6633:(2): 179–181. 6613: 6594:(4): 367–368. 6574: 6552: 6526: 6514: 6512:, p. 343. 6493: 6481: 6469: 6457: 6430: 6403: 6388: 6365: 6354:on 4 June 2010 6332: 6306: 6281: 6255: 6234: 6207: 6181: 6155: 6137: 6119: 6091: 6088:. p. 132. 6061: 6043: 6036: 6011: 5978: 5956: 5945: 5921: 5893: 5878: 5872:. p. 12. 5852: 5826: 5815: 5788: 5755: 5725: 5710: 5692:Müller, Nicole 5679: 5664: 5637: 5623: 5589: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5530: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5481: 5480: 5466: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5440: 5432: 5431: 5428: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5396: 5395: 5392: 5384: 5383: 5380: 5365: 5364: 5361: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5329: 5328: 5325: 5317: 5316: 5313: 5305: 5304: 5301: 5293: 5292: 5289: 5281: 5280: 5277: 5258: 5257: 5254: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5222: 5221: 5218: 5210: 5209: 5206: 5198: 5197: 5194: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5162: 5155: 5145: 5144: 5135: 5128: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5107: 5097: 5096: 5093: 5086: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5065: 5057: 5056: 5053: 5046: 5036: 5035: 5032: 5025: 5015: 5014: 4988: 4981: 4971: 4970: 4967: 4960: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4941: 4931: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4907: 4900: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4879: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4858: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4837: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4816: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4795: 4785: 4784: 4781: 4774: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4753: 4743: 4742: 4739: 4732: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4686: 4599: 4596: 4535: 4532: 4468:Nosweyth Lowen 4454:An Canker-Seth 4399: 4396: 4329:Best Goon Brèn 4296:Jowal Lethesow 4222:Gorsedh Kernow 4181: 4178: 4173:Main article: 4170: 4167: 4149:published his 4147:Frederick Jago 4141:in 1866 while 4131:Whitley Stokes 4113:Ruan Lanihorne 4095:Nicholas Boson 4086:William Scawen 4082: 4079: 4053:Desky Kernowek 4041:Skeul an Tavas 3918: 3915: 3907:Celtic culture 3868: 3865: 3828:Gorsedh Kernow 3797:The Cornishman 3701: 3698: 3680: 3672: 3671: 3665:' good woman.' 3650: 3642: 3641: 3620: 3612: 3589: 3581: 3580: 3553: 3543: 3535: 3525: 3506: 3505: 3484: 3473: 3463: 3444: 3443: 3403: 3393: 3383: 3375: 3365: 3364: 3337: 3322: 3312: 3311: 3290: 3280: 3265: 3255: 3254: 3229: 3219: 3204: 3194: 3179: 3169: 3155: 3154: 3133: 3123: 3108: 3098: 3088: 3087: 3070: 3067: 3026: 3023: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2954: 2940: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2882: 2875:'father' > 2868: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2834:Vowel change: 2819: 2816: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2674: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2663:'father' > 2644:Spirantization 2641: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2637: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2554:Main article: 2551: 2548: 2241: 2238: 2199:'head' (Welsh 2121:palatalization 2080: 2077: 2052:morphophonemic 2044:Modern Cornish 2031: 2028: 2012: 2009: 2000: 1997: 1960: 1957: 1949: 1946: 1924: 1921: 1884:Krows an Wragh 1854: 1851: 1795:Celtic nations 1770: 1767: 1701:published his 1677: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1445: 1438: 1429: 1417:Celtic Revival 1351: 1348: 1246: 1243: 1223:William Scawen 1190:Thomas Cranmer 1186:Nicholas Udall 1182:Philip Nichols 1159:. He states, " 1064:hagiographical 1045:Passio Christi 966: 965:Middle Cornish 963: 837: 834: 786:Firth of Forth 769: 766: 755:is to that of 699:Insular Celtic 690: 689:Classification 687: 656:first language 544: 543: 530:, you may see 516: 515: 500: 499: 491: 490: 483: 477: 476: 471: 465: 464: 457: 449: 448: 440: 436: 435: 434:Middle Cornish 427: 423: 422: 421:Modern Cornish 414: 409: 406: 405: 381: 373: 372: 363: 355: 354: 345: 337: 336: 335:Language codes 332: 331: 324: 318: 317: 315: 314: 305: 303: 298: 295: 294: 290: 289: 287:Latin alphabet 284: 280:Writing system 277: 274: 273: 268: 266:Standard forms 265: 262: 261: 259: 258: 257: 256: 255: 254: 253: 252: 251: 250: 233:Insular Celtic 221: 219: 212: 209: 208: 201: 195: 194: 191: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 162:United Kingdom 159: 158:Native to 155: 154: 152: 151: 135: 119: 103: 87: 71: 54: 52: 48: 47: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16554: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16498: 16495: 16493: 16490: 16488: 16485: 16484: 16482: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16452: 16450: 16446: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16414:Faroe Islands 16412: 16410: 16407: 16406: 16404: 16398: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16386:South Ossetia 16384: 16382: 16379: 16377: 16374: 16372: 16369: 16368: 16366: 16360: 16354: 16351: 16347: 16344: 16342: 16339: 16337: 16334: 16332: 16329: 16328: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16307: 16304: 16302: 16299: 16297: 16294: 16292: 16289: 16287: 16284: 16282: 16279: 16277: 16274: 16272: 16269: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16234: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16211:Liechtenstein 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16081: 16079: 16075: 16071: 16064: 16059: 16057: 16052: 16050: 16045: 16044: 16041: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16010: 16008: 16004: 15998: 15997: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15977: 15975: 15971: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15959:Scottish Cant 15957: 15955: 15954: 15950: 15948: 15947: 15943: 15941: 15938: 15936: 15935: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15920: 15918: 15914: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15896: 15893: 15892: 15891: 15888: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15868: 15864: 15863: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15846: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15833: 15831: 15827: 15823: 15816: 15811: 15809: 15804: 15802: 15797: 15796: 15793: 15780: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15770: 15767: 15757: 15756:– in Portugal 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15736:– in Galician 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15713: 15710: 15703: 15699: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15645: 15643: 15641: 15637: 15631: 15628: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15614: 15612: 15608: 15604: 15600: 15595: 15591: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15554: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15484: 15482: 15480: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15467: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15447: 15445: 15443: 15439: 15433: 15430: 15428: 15425: 15423: 15420: 15419: 15417: 15415: 15411: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15391: 15389: 15387: 15383: 15379: 15374: 15370: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15334:Celtic League 15332: 15331: 15329: 15327: 15326:Pan-Celticism 15323: 15317: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15294: 15292: 15288: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15268: 15266: 15262: 15254: 15251: 15250: 15249: 15246: 15242: 15239: 15238: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15215: 15212: 15211: 15210: 15207: 15203: 15202:reunification 15200: 15198: 15195: 15194: 15193: 15190: 15189: 15187: 15183: 15176: 15172: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15117: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15092: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15075: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15065: 15063: 15059: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15021: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15008: 15005: 15003: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14990: 14987: 14986: 14985: 14982: 14981: 14979: 14977: 14973: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14934: 14932: 14928: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14883: 14881: 14879: 14875: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14860: 14858: 14854: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14829: 14827: 14823: 14817: 14816:Triple spiral 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14760: 14757: 14756: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14746: 14744: 14742: 14738: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14703: 14701: 14697: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14635:Bardic Poetry 14633: 14631: 14628: 14627: 14625: 14623: 14619: 14615: 14608: 14604: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14572: 14570: 14566: 14558: 14553: 14550: 14546: 14541: 14538: 14534: 14529: 14526: 14522: 14517: 14514: 14510: 14505: 14502: 14498: 14493: 14490: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14483:Celtic League 14480: 14477: 14475: 14471: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14454: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14441: 14438: 14437: 14436: 14433: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14423:Celtic League 14421: 14419: 14416: 14415: 14414: 14413:Pan-Celticism 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14400: 14397: 14393: 14388: 14384: 14374: 14371: 14368: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14313:Gaelicisation 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14288:Celticisation 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14260: 14258: 14254: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14219: 14217: 14213: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14153: 14151: 14147: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14110: 14106: 14103: 14102: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14092: 14091:Iron Age Gaul 14089: 14087: 14083: 14079: 14075: 14074:Roman Britain 14071: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14049: 14047: 14043: 14039: 14034: 14030: 14025: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13930:Irish Mexican 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13862: 13860: 13856: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13831: 13829: 13825: 13815: 13811: 13810: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13797: 13793: 13792: 13791: 13788: 13787: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13767: 13765: 13763: 13759: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13684: 13680: 13676: 13671: 13667: 13663: 13659: 13655: 13654:Celtic tribes 13651: 13647: 13643: 13639: 13634: 13630: 13626: 13619: 13614: 13612: 13607: 13605: 13600: 13599: 13596: 13586: 13582: 13577: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13560: 13557: 13554: 13551: 13548: 13545: 13542: 13539: 13538: 13536: 13532: 13525: 13524:Y Fro Gymraeg 13522: 13519: 13518:Gàidhealtachd 13516: 13513: 13510: 13507: 13504: 13501: 13498: 13495: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13485: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13470: 13468: 13466: 13462: 13455: 13451: 13450: 13446: 13443: 13439: 13438: 13434: 13431: 13427: 13426: 13422: 13419: 13418: 13414: 13411: 13407: 13406: 13402: 13399: 13398: 13394: 13393: 13391: 13387: 13375: 13374: 13370: 13369: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13356: 13355: 13350: 13349: 13345: 13343: 13342: 13338: 13336: 13335: 13331: 13329: 13328: 13324: 13323: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13316: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13303: 13293: 13292: 13288: 13287: 13285: 13281: 13273: 13272: 13268: 13266: 13265: 13261: 13260: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13253: 13249: 13248: 13246: 13244: 13240: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13225: 13223: 13221: 13217: 13211: 13210: 13206: 13205: 13203: 13201:Reconstructed 13199: 13196: 13192: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13179: 13173: 13172: 13168: 13166: 13165: 13161: 13157: 13156: 13152: 13150: 13149: 13145: 13144: 13143: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13133: 13129: 13128: 13127: 13126: 13122: 13120: 13119: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13110: 13109: 13104: 13098: 13097: 13093: 13092: 13090: 13088:Reconstructed 13086: 13082: 13075: 13070: 13068: 13063: 13061: 13056: 13055: 13052: 13040: 13039: 13035: 13033: 13032: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12979: 12978:List of farms 12976: 12975: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12943:Status debate 12941: 12938: 12934: 12931: 12930: 12928: 12924: 12918: 12917: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12772: 12770: 12766: 12760: 12759: 12755: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12745: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12590: 12588: 12582: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12567: 12565: 12561: 12557: 12556: 12550: 12545: 12539: 12533: 12524: 12519: 12517: 12512: 12510: 12505: 12504: 12501: 12491: 12490: 12484: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12469: 12467: 12463: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12408: 12406: 12402: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12352: 12350: 12348: 12347:Organisations 12344: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12314: 12312: 12310:Orthographies 12308: 12302: 12299: 12296: 12295:Cranken Rhyme 12292: 12290: 12289: 12285: 12283: 12282: 12278: 12276: 12275: 12271: 12269: 12268: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12258: 12256: 12254: 12250: 12244: 12243:Plen-an-gwary 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12205: 12203: 12199: 12195: 12188: 12183: 12181: 12176: 12174: 12169: 12168: 12165: 12159: 12152: 12145: 12144: 12140: 12135: 12133: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12120: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12087: 12086:Cornish today 12084: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12070: 12067: 12066:Blas Kernewek 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12029: 12025: 12022: 12021: 12013: 12009: 12007: 12006:9781904808220 12003: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11988: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11957: 11955: 11951: 11947: 11942: 11938: 11936: 11934: 11932: 11930: 11926: 11923: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11910: 11907: 11903: 11901: 11897: 11893: 11890: 11887: 11883: 11881: 11879: 11877: 11873: 11871: 11867: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11849:Cornish Names 11846: 11843: 11839: 11838: 11819: 11812: 11805: 11790: 11789: 11784: 11778: 11770: 11764: 11760: 11756: 11749: 11734: 11730: 11724: 11709: 11708: 11703: 11697: 11690: 11685: 11678: 11673: 11666: 11661: 11654: 11649: 11642: 11637: 11630: 11625: 11618: 11613: 11606: 11601: 11595:, p. 44. 11594: 11589: 11582: 11577: 11569: 11565: 11561: 11555: 11551: 11550: 11542: 11534: 11530: 11526: 11520: 11516: 11515: 11507: 11499: 11495: 11491: 11489:9780192527479 11485: 11481: 11480: 11472: 11464: 11460: 11453: 11438: 11437: 11432: 11425: 11409: 11403: 11388: 11384: 11378: 11363: 11359: 11353: 11337: 11333: 11327: 11312:. 20 May 2016 11311: 11310: 11305: 11299: 11283: 11279: 11273: 11266: 11261: 11259: 11243: 11242: 11237: 11231: 11223: 11219: 11215: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11200: 11192: 11184: 11180: 11174: 11159: 11155: 11149: 11142:. Ors Sempel. 11141: 11135: 11127: 11123: 11117: 11102: 11098: 11092: 11084: 11080: 11074: 11066: 11062: 11056: 11041: 11037: 11031: 11016: 11012: 11006: 10991: 10987: 10981: 10966: 10962: 10956: 10941: 10937: 10931: 10916: 10912: 10906: 10891: 10887: 10881: 10866: 10862: 10856: 10841: 10835: 10828: 10824: 10818: 10810: 10804: 10788: 10784: 10778: 10770: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10750: 10746: 10742: 10735: 10720: 10716: 10712: 10708: 10705:(2): 99–119. 10704: 10700: 10699: 10694: 10687: 10678: 10674: 10668: 10661: 10656: 10648: 10643: 10642:Lhuyd, Edward 10637: 10629: 10627:9780710079282 10623: 10619: 10615: 10611: 10605: 10597: 10582: 10580:9780198614128 10576: 10572: 10568: 10564: 10563: 10557: 10550: 10542: 10538: 10534: 10530: 10527:(1): 98–125. 10526: 10522: 10518: 10511: 10503: 10502: 10497: 10490: 10482: 10478: 10474: 10468: 10460: 10459: 10454: 10448: 10432: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10414: 10406: 10402: 10396: 10388: 10382: 10375: 10370: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10336: 10330: 10322: 10318: 10314: 10308: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10286: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10266: 10260: 10245: 10241: 10234: 10218: 10214: 10208: 10200: 10199: 10194: 10187: 10171: 10170: 10165: 10159: 10143: 10142: 10141:Atlas Obscura 10137: 10131: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10101: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10071: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10035: 10034: 10026: 10007: 10006: 9998: 9983: 9979: 9973: 9957: 9953: 9947: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9913: 9898: 9897: 9892: 9886: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9862: 9858: 9854: 9847: 9841:, p. 22. 9840: 9835: 9828:. p. 22. 9827: 9823: 9816: 9809: 9808:Williams 1997 9804: 9797: 9796:Williams 1997 9792: 9785: 9784:MacAulay 1992 9780: 9773: 9768: 9761: 9760:MacAulay 1992 9756: 9749: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9731: 9729:9789027235800 9725: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9706: 9699: 9694: 9687: 9686:Williams 1997 9682: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9664:9781903798560 9660: 9656: 9655: 9647: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9630: 9622: 9615: 9614:Williams 1997 9610: 9602: 9600:9781902917849 9596: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9578: 9571: 9566: 9558: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9531: 9525:, p. 62. 9524: 9519: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9501:9782503542508 9497: 9493: 9492: 9484: 9477: 9472: 9465: 9460: 9458: 9450: 9445: 9438: 9433: 9425: 9421: 9417: 9415:9783110261288 9411: 9407: 9403: 9402: 9397: 9396:Joseph, Brian 9390: 9382: 9378: 9374: 9372:9789004173361 9368: 9365:. p. 2. 9364: 9360: 9359: 9351: 9344: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9328:, p. 68. 9327: 9326:Chaudhri 2007 9322: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9304:9781891271144 9300: 9296: 9295: 9290: 9286: 9285:Lhuyd, Edward 9280: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9249: 9244: 9238: 9230: 9226: 9222: 9220:9789027278302 9216: 9212: 9211: 9203: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9185:9783895861222 9181: 9177: 9176: 9168: 9161: 9156: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9135: 9127: 9120: 9119:Chaudhri 2007 9115: 9113: 9105: 9100: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9082:9781904808992 9078: 9074: 9070: 9069: 9061: 9054: 9053:Williams 1997 9049: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9031:9781904808077 9027: 9023: 9019: 9018: 9010: 9002: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8989: 8981: 8979: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8929: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8894: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8845: 8838: 8833: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8815:9781782011859 8811: 8807: 8806: 8798: 8791: 8790:Williams 2016 8786: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8765: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8745: 8740: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8713: 8707:, p. 68. 8706: 8701: 8694: 8689: 8683:, p. 67. 8682: 8677: 8670: 8665: 8663: 8654: 8653: 8648: 8642: 8634: 8633: 8626: 8611: 8610: 8605: 8598: 8590: 8589: 8584: 8578: 8570: 8569: 8564: 8557: 8541: 8537: 8536: 8531: 8525: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8488: 8483: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8454: 8445: 8440: 8436: 8432: 8428: 8421: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8391: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8361: 8345: 8341: 8340: 8334: 8326: 8311: 8304: 8296: 8295: 8290: 8284: 8276: 8272: 8271:"Mode of Use" 8266: 8250: 8249: 8244: 8238: 8236: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8201: 8193: 8189: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8170: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8132: 8117:. 19 May 2008 8116: 8115: 8110: 8104: 8089: 8088: 8083: 8076: 8068: 8064: 8060: 8058:9780521816212 8054: 8050: 8046: 8045: 8037: 8035: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8016:9781904808077 8012: 8008: 8004: 7997: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7970: 7962: 7955: 7948: 7943: 7928: 7926:9789027235657 7922: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7899: 7891: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7878: 7870: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7849: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7802: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7763: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7745:9780511130892 7741: 7737: 7736: 7728: 7709: 7708: 7700: 7698: 7689: 7688: 7680: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7641: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7623:9788323231103 7619: 7615: 7614: 7606: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7589: 7581: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7554: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7537:Lhuyd, Edward 7532: 7525: 7524:Chaudhri 2007 7520: 7513: 7512:Chaudhri 2007 7508: 7500: 7488: 7487: 7479: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7448: 7440: 7432: 7428: 7426:9780710079282 7422: 7418: 7417: 7412: 7406: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7376: 7369: 7362:. Tabb House. 7361: 7357: 7351: 7343: 7339: 7333: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7315:9781405874328 7311: 7307: 7303: 7302: 7294: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7276:9781447241287 7272: 7268: 7267: 7262: 7256: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7238:9781137306340 7234: 7230: 7229: 7221: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7203:9781405874328 7199: 7195: 7191: 7190: 7182: 7174: 7170: 7169:Jenner, Henry 7164: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7146:9783110215588 7142: 7138: 7134: 7133: 7125: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7086: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7068:9781782011828 7064: 7060: 7059: 7051: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7026: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 6999: 6985: 6983:9781118396957 6979: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6952: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6929: 6927: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6904: 6902: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6880: 6872: 6866:, p. 21. 6865: 6860: 6851: 6847: 6840: 6833: 6828: 6826: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6787: 6778: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6740: 6734: 6727: 6712: 6710:9782503542508 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6683: 6675: 6671: 6664: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6617: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6578: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6556: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6523: 6518: 6511: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6491:, p. 19. 6490: 6485: 6479:, p. 18. 6478: 6473: 6467:, p. 12. 6466: 6461: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6434: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6369: 6353: 6349: 6348: 6343: 6336: 6320: 6316: 6310: 6295: 6291: 6285: 6269: 6265: 6259: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6211: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6141: 6133: 6129: 6123: 6107: 6106: 6101: 6095: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6078:Cole, Richard 6075: 6071: 6065: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6039: 6033: 6029: 6028: 6020: 6018: 6016: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5974: 5970: 5963: 5961: 5953: 5948: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5926: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5905: 5897: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5875: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5840: 5836: 5830: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5808: 5801: 5800: 5792: 5777:. 9 June 2017 5776: 5772: 5768: 5762: 5760: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5729: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5711:9780203882481 5707: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5693: 5689: 5683: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5641: 5626: 5624:9783110408362 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5593: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5563: 5559: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5527: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5485:Anglo-Cornish 5483: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5467: 5464: 5453: 5441: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5397: 5393: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5311: 5307: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5287: 5283: 5282: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5255: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5171: 5163: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5147: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5070: 5066: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5016: 5011: 5010: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4918: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4870: 4867:Abode Monks 4866: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4716: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4694: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677:, though the 4675: 4668: 4662: 4658: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4568: 4560: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4540:Peter Warlock 4531: 4522: 4516: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4500: 4499: 4493: 4491: 4490:George Hearst 4487: 4483: 4482: 4476: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4434: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4362: 4361:Holyer an Gof 4357: 4352: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4340: 4339:Topsy and Tim 4335: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4305: 4299: 4297: 4290: 4289:Holyer an Gof 4285: 4284: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4216: 4215:Holyer an Gof 4211: 4205: 4203: 4198: 4192: 4187: 4184:In 1981, the 4176: 4166: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4121: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4109:John Whitaker 4106: 4102: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4078: 4075: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4057: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4023:Skeul an Yeth 4019: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3914: 3910: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3898:plen-an-gwary 3895: 3894: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3879:in 1997. The 3878: 3874: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3829: 3823: 3818: 3817: 3811: 3806: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3735: 3733: 3732:Celtic League 3729: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3678: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3648: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3623: 3618: 3615: 3610: 3592: 3587: 3584: 3579: 3576: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3559: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3509: 3504: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3482: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3447: 3442: 3441:'be, exist': 3439: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3356: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3139: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3029:Cornish uses 3022: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2951: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933:'grass' > 2931: 2927: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2914:'men, people' 2912: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861:'angel' > 2859: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2783: 2765:'in thy hand' 2763: 2757: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2733: 2727: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2700: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2667: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2634: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2421: 2420:British Latin 2416: 2409: 2406: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2360: 2357: 2351: 2344: 2341: 2337:'young', and 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2247: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2184: 2183:pre-occlusion 2179: 2173: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2126: 2125:rhotacization 2122: 2110: 2097: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2027: 2025: 2020: 2008: 2006: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1972: 1966: 1965:British Latin 1955: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1923:Within the UK 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1859: 1850: 1848: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1804: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1780: 1775: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1726: 1720: 1715: 1709: 1708:Kernewek Unys 1704: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1683: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1446: 1439: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1372:semi-speakers 1369: 1360: 1356: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1338:(or Davy) of 1337: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1327:Cranken Rhyme 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1285: 1282: 1274: 1272: 1271:Richard Carew 1268: 1264: 1260: 1251: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1235:Cornish Bible 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1204: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1152: 1151:Andrew Boorde 1148: 1144: 1140: 1139:Bishop Bonner 1135: 1130: 1125: 1124: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1086: 1080: 1079: 1072: 1071: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1033: 1027: 1022: 1021:Kernewek Kres 1013: 1008: 1007: 1001: 993: 992: 985: 984: 977: 971: 962: 960: 956: 950: 949: 943: 939: 935: 931: 926: 925: 919: 915: 911: 907: 906:Andrew Breeze 902: 897: 892: 891: 885: 882: 878: 869: 863: 859: 857: 853: 848: 847:Kernewek Koth 843: 833: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 774: 765: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 721:and possibly 720: 716: 712: 708: 707:Indo-European 704: 700: 696: 693:Cornish is a 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 671:Cornish music 668: 664: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 613:Great Britain 610: 606: 602: 599:. Along with 598: 594: 589: 583: 577: 572: 568: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 523: 517: 510: 509: 505: 497: 492: 488: 484: 482: 478: 475: 472: 470: 466: 462: 458: 456: 455: 450: 445: 441: 437: 432: 428: 424: 419: 415: 412: 411:Linguist List 407: 402: 395: 388: 382: 379: 374: 369: 364: 361: 356: 351: 346: 343: 338: 333: 329: 325: 323: 319: 313: 310: 309: 308: 304: 296: 291: 288: 285: 281: 275: 272: 269: 263: 249: 246: 245: 244: 241: 240: 239: 236: 235: 234: 231: 230: 229: 226: 225: 224: 223:Indo-European 220: 216: 210: 206: 202: 200: 196: 192: 190: 186: 183: 180: 176: 173: 170: 166: 163: 160: 156: 147: 140: 136: 131: 124: 120: 115: 108: 104: 99: 92: 88: 83: 76: 72: 67: 60: 56: 55: 53: 51:Pronunciation 49: 45: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 16391:Transnistria 16353:Vatican City 15994: 15951: 15944: 15932: 15895:Ulster Scots 15865: 15844: 15835: 15773:Celts portal 15731:– in Spanish 15566:Arran Gaelic 15487:Proto-Celtic 15455:Bungi Creole 15398: 15354:Celtic unity 15290:Independence 15089: 15072: 14896:Gaelic music 14832:Celtic Dress 14781:High crosses 14771:Celtic cross 14749:Bell shrines 14680:Irish annals 14462:Neo-Druidism 14457:Celtic Wicca 14428:Celtic union 14392:Modern Celts 14283:Celtic women 14186:Celtic Rites 14135:Transylvania 13995:Ulster Scots 13865:Anglo-Celtic 13712:Celtiberians 13657: 13649: 13641: 13629:modern Celts 13580: 13452:? (possibly 13447: 13440:? (possibly 13435: 13428:? (possibly 13423: 13415: 13403: 13395: 13371: 13352: 13346: 13341:Middle Irish 13339: 13332: 13325: 13313: 13289: 13271:Middle Welsh 13269: 13262: 13250: 13232: 13207: 13169: 13162: 13153: 13146: 13139: 13130: 13123: 13116: 13106: 13096:Proto-Celtic 13094: 13036: 13029: 12916:full list... 12914: 12756: 12753: 12742: 12553: 12487: 12436:Edward Lhuyd 12426:Henry Jenner 12286: 12279: 12272: 12265: 12213:Last speaker 12193: 12142: 12117:Dictionaries 11996:; edited by 11993: 11970: 11940: 11921: 11912: 11905: 11895: 11885: 11865: 11848: 11841: 11835:Bibliography 11821:. Retrieved 11817: 11804: 11792:. Retrieved 11788:Ancestry.com 11786: 11777: 11754: 11748: 11736:. Retrieved 11732: 11723: 11711:. Retrieved 11707:Ancestry.com 11705: 11696: 11684: 11672: 11660: 11648: 11636: 11624: 11612: 11600: 11588: 11576: 11548: 11541: 11513: 11506: 11478: 11471: 11458: 11457:Pye (2019). 11452: 11440:. Retrieved 11434: 11424: 11412:. Retrieved 11402: 11390:. Retrieved 11386: 11377: 11365:. Retrieved 11361: 11352: 11342:18 September 11340:. Retrieved 11335: 11326: 11316:18 September 11314:. Retrieved 11309:The Guardian 11307: 11298: 11286:. Retrieved 11281: 11272: 11245:. Retrieved 11239: 11230: 11198: 11191: 11183:the original 11173: 11161:. Retrieved 11148: 11134: 11116: 11104:. Retrieved 11091: 11073: 11055: 11043:. Retrieved 11030: 11018:. Retrieved 11005: 10993:. Retrieved 10980: 10968:. Retrieved 10955: 10943:. Retrieved 10930: 10918:. Retrieved 10905: 10893:. Retrieved 10880: 10868:. Retrieved 10855: 10843:. Retrieved 10834: 10827:Winni-an-Pou 10821:Examples of 10817: 10803: 10791:. Retrieved 10786: 10777: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10740: 10734: 10722:. Retrieved 10702: 10696: 10686: 10676: 10667: 10662:, p. 4. 10655: 10647:Glossography 10645: 10636: 10613: 10604: 10586:20 September 10584:. Retrieved 10560: 10549: 10524: 10520: 10510: 10499: 10489: 10481:the original 10476: 10467: 10456: 10447: 10435:. Retrieved 10431:the original 10422: 10413: 10404: 10395: 10381: 10369: 10357:. Retrieved 10350:the original 10341: 10329: 10316: 10307: 10294: 10285: 10268: 10259: 10247:. Retrieved 10243: 10233: 10221:. Retrieved 10216: 10207: 10198:CornwallLive 10196: 10186: 10174:. Retrieved 10169:The Guardian 10167: 10158: 10146:. Retrieved 10139: 10130: 10118:. Retrieved 10114:the original 10109: 10100: 10088:. Retrieved 10084:the original 10079: 10070: 10037: 10031: 10025: 10013:. Retrieved 10004: 9997: 9985:. Retrieved 9981: 9972: 9962:19 September 9960:. Retrieved 9955: 9946: 9934:. Retrieved 9930:the original 9921: 9912: 9900:. Retrieved 9894: 9885: 9863:(1): 33–75. 9860: 9856: 9846: 9834: 9821: 9815: 9803: 9791: 9779: 9767: 9755: 9711: 9705: 9693: 9681: 9653: 9646: 9628: 9621: 9609: 9586: 9577: 9565: 9540: 9536: 9530: 9518: 9490: 9483: 9471: 9444: 9432: 9400: 9389: 9357: 9350: 9321: 9293: 9279: 9247: 9237: 9209: 9202: 9175:Late Cornish 9174: 9167: 9155: 9133: 9126: 9104:Jackson 1953 9099: 9067: 9060: 9048: 9016: 9009: 8987: 8945:(1): 81–95. 8942: 8938: 8928: 8900: 8893: 8858: 8854: 8844: 8832: 8808:. Evertype. 8804: 8797: 8785: 8763: 8739: 8722: 8718: 8712: 8705:Jackson 1953 8700: 8693:Jackson 1953 8688: 8681:Jackson 1953 8676: 8650: 8641: 8631: 8625: 8613:. Retrieved 8607: 8597: 8586: 8577: 8568:The Guardian 8566: 8556: 8544:. Retrieved 8540:the original 8533: 8524: 8512:. Retrieved 8510:. p. 24 8494: 8482: 8470:. Retrieved 8462: 8453: 8434: 8430: 8420: 8407:. Retrieved 8399: 8390: 8378:. Retrieved 8374:the original 8360: 8348:. Retrieved 8337: 8325: 8313:. Retrieved 8303: 8292: 8283: 8275:the original 8265: 8253:. Retrieved 8246: 8222:. Retrieved 8218:the original 8209: 8200: 8192:Google Books 8190:– via 8176: 8169: 8157:. Retrieved 8145: 8141: 8131: 8119:. Retrieved 8112: 8103: 8091:. Retrieved 8085: 8075: 8043: 8002: 7996: 7975: 7969: 7960: 7954: 7942: 7932:18 September 7930:. Retrieved 7908: 7898: 7877:Kernewek bew 7876: 7869: 7847: 7840: 7815: 7811: 7801: 7776: 7772: 7762: 7734: 7727: 7715:. Retrieved 7706: 7685: 7679: 7654: 7650: 7640: 7612: 7605: 7587: 7580: 7563: 7553: 7545:Glossography 7544: 7540: 7531: 7526:, p. 9. 7519: 7507: 7499:Google Books 7497:– via 7491:. Retrieved 7485: 7478: 7446: 7439: 7431:Google Books 7429:– via 7415: 7405: 7381: 7368: 7359: 7350: 7341: 7338:Rowse, A. L. 7332: 7300: 7293: 7265: 7255: 7227: 7220: 7188: 7181: 7172: 7163: 7131: 7124: 7102:(1): 27–89. 7099: 7095: 7085: 7057: 7050: 7032: 7025: 7008: 6998: 6989:16 September 6987:, retrieved 6961: 6951: 6942: 6938: 6916: 6912: 6878: 6871: 6864:Jackson 1953 6859: 6845: 6839: 6791: 6783: 6777: 6744: 6736: 6726: 6716:18 September 6714:. Retrieved 6692: 6682: 6673: 6669: 6663: 6630: 6626: 6616: 6591: 6587: 6577: 6568: 6564: 6555: 6543:. Retrieved 6539:the original 6529: 6517: 6489:Jackson 1953 6484: 6477:Jackson 1953 6472: 6465:Jackson 1953 6460: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6423:21 September 6421:. Retrieved 6415: 6406: 6378: 6368: 6356:. Retrieved 6352:the original 6345: 6335: 6323:. Retrieved 6318: 6309: 6297:. Retrieved 6293: 6284: 6272:. Retrieved 6267: 6258: 6245: 6237: 6229:the original 6220: 6210: 6202:the original 6193: 6184: 6176:the original 6167: 6158: 6150:the original 6140: 6131: 6122: 6110:. Retrieved 6103: 6094: 6081: 6064: 6051: 6046: 6026: 6002:. Retrieved 5995: 5972: 5968: 5950: 5936: 5916: 5903: 5896: 5865: 5855: 5843:. Retrieved 5841:(in Cornish) 5838: 5829: 5798: 5791: 5779:. Retrieved 5770: 5746:. Retrieved 5737: 5728: 5696: 5682: 5650: 5640: 5630:11 September 5628:. Retrieved 5602: 5592: 5579: 5575: 5562: 5382:Translation 5368: 5279:Translation 5261: 5196:Translation 5182: 5169: 5095:'Beautiful' 5034:'New house' 4969:'The Smith' 4950:'The White' 4929:Translation 4846:Saint Ostel 4720:Three Roads 4703:Translation 4683: 4678: 4652: 4636:Porth Kernow 4630:Early Modern 4618: 4581: 4575:Delkiow Sivy 4554: 4547: 4537: 4527:Kegin Esther 4517: 4513: 4502: 4496: 4494: 4479: 4477: 4446: 4401: 4386: 4379: 4355: 4343: 4342:titles, two 4337: 4333: 4319: 4315:Ple'ma Spot? 4301: 4293: 4281: 4280:(2014), and 4275: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4206: 4183: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4122: 4116: 4107: 4103: 4099:Edward Lhuyd 4091:John Keigwin 4084: 4058: 4013: 3993: 3991: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3945: 3943: 3920: 3911: 3891: 3889: 3875:, hosted in 3870: 3850: 3807: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3758: 3754: 3747: 3736: 3725: 3695:' evil man.' 3694: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3616: 3593: 3585: 3571: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3539: 3529: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3477: 3467: 3448: 3434: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3407: 3397: 3387: 3379: 3369: 3361: 3357: 3350: 3347: 3341: 3326: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3269: 3259: 3247: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3223: 3208: 3198: 3183: 3173: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3112: 3102: 3092: 3072: 3039:prepositions 3028: 3025:Prepositions 2961: 2921: 2919: 2900:Suppletion: 2842:'hole' > 2821: 2779: 2759:'hand' > 2585: 2569:word order, 2559: 2544:periphrastic 2492: 2469:onderstondya 2456: 2453: 2433:'net' (from 2418:'arm' (from 2410: 2402:'pigs', and 2374:'fort', and 2361: 2345: 2246:Proto-Celtic 2243: 2234:Edward Lhuyd 2219: 2096:assibilation 2092: 2035: 2033: 2024:circumflexes 2014: 2002: 1962: 1943: 1936: 1926: 1916: 1906: 1879:Crows-an-Wra 1844: 1840: 1828: 1817: 1807: 1799: 1784: 1755: 1745: 1696: 1691: 1688:Henry Jenner 1685: 1444:of Cornwall 1421: 1409: 1395: 1391: 1380: 1364: 1344:philologists 1325: 1318: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1287: 1276: 1266: 1256: 1245:Late Cornish 1208: 1167: 1153:in his 1542 1128: 1116: 1114: 1091:The Life of 1090: 1076:The Life of 1075: 1017: 959:dental stops 955:assibilation 942:Edward Lhuyd 910:Saints' List 909: 901:ud rocashaas 874: 839: 818:modern Welsh 794:Roman period 779: 747: 692: 660: 629: 566: 565: 519: 506: 481:Linguasphere 452: 247: 25: 16429:Isle of Man 16364:recognition 16311:Switzerland 16246:Netherlands 15996:Old Kentish 15923:Angloromani 15873:Guernésiais 15688:Trimarcisia 15673:Gallóglaigh 15502:Celtiberian 15226:Isle of Man 15185:Nationalism 15074:Bataireacht 14993:Calan Gaeaf 14952:Isle of Man 14796:Leaf-crowns 14786:Insular art 14759:Dragonesque 14721:Isle of Man 14575:Nova Scotia 14528:Isle of Man 14452:Neopaganism 14196:Monasticism 13707:Caledonians 13194:(Brythonic) 13148:Celtiberian 12658:Lostwithiel 12404:Key figures 11794:28 November 11738:28 November 11713:28 November 11689:George 2009 11677:George 2009 11665:George 2009 11653:George 2009 11641:George 2009 11629:George 2009 11617:George 2009 11605:George 2009 11593:George 2009 11581:George 2009 10823:Kas ha Dial 10793:11 November 10660:Wmffre 1998 10437:11 December 10374:George 2009 10148:30 November 10120:11 November 10090:11 November 9987:28 November 9936:4 September 9902:4 September 9839:Norris 1859 9583:George, Ken 8719:Die Sprache 8437:: 107–130. 8248:WalesOnline 8148:: 199–227. 8121:11 November 8093:11 November 7493:13 February 7384:: 189–206. 6958:"Ordinalia" 6909:George, Ken 6510:George 2009 6358:11 November 6274:11 November 6112:11 November 6004:11 November 5124:Goldsworthy 5074:'Cornwall' 4741:Mouth Fal 4674:Lann Stefan 4661:Ince Castle 4559:An Awhesyth 4498:Hwerow Hweg 4419:An Nowodhow 4348:titles and 3956:and run at 3741:Hwerow Hweg 3079: 1500 3053:'with me', 2984:verbal noun 2908:'man' > 2696:'see' > 2669:'my father' 2630:'cat' > 2602:and one in 2484:'boot' and 2466:'to read', 2424:bracc(h)ium 2353:'beer' and 2301:'hand' and 2117: 1100 2059: 1500 2050:, a mainly 1983:(Ð, ð) for 1979:(Þ, þ) and 1948:Orthography 1900:Porthkornow 1814:Bert Biscoe 1742: 1500 1655:"Very few" 1392:monolingual 1376:rememberers 1239:Mark Stoyle 1039:Origo Mundi 991:magnum opus 976:Origo Mundi 918:manumittors 836:Old Cornish 788:during the 749:Joseph Loth 534:instead of 447:Old Cornish 16481:Categories 16281:San Marino 16241:Montenegro 16221:Luxembourg 16201:Kazakhstan 16104:Azerbaijan 15883:Sercquiais 15751:– in Italy 15653:Ceathairne 15517:Gallaecian 15147:Road bowls 15052:Eisteddfod 15020:Calan Awst 15016:Lughnasadh 14622:Literature 14485:definition 14308:Clan chief 14095:Roman Gaul 14086:Hen Ogledd 13812:including 13794:including 13520:(Scotland) 13496:(Brittany) 13449:Tartessian 13425:Lusitanian 13155:Gallaecian 12990:Demography 12885:St Austell 12875:Port Navas 12750:Wadebridge 12703:St Austell 12693:Porthleven 12643:Launceston 12603:Callington 12421:Ken George 12411:John Davey 12360:Agan Tavas 12288:Bewnans Ke 12253:Literature 11979:1850584621 11954:0907064612 11857:1902917235 11768:0198605617 11559:0198691033 11524:0192827456 11414:2 December 11213:0415010357 11163:3 December 11106:3 December 11045:3 December 11020:3 December 10995:3 December 10970:3 December 10945:3 December 10920:3 December 10895:3 December 10870:3 December 10845:21 January 10787:Preder.net 10598:required.) 10359:24 January 10223:1 December 10176:1 December 9638:1075291123 9424:1004563249 9406:De Gruyter 9361:. Leiden: 9262:0710079281 9251:. 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