2473:
failure to implement existing laws. Violations of the rights of
Indigenous peoples continue, and oil, gas, and mineral development and other activities, (mining, timber cutting, commercial fishing, and tourism) that bring foreign currency into the Russian economy. The life ways and economy of Indigenous peoples of the Russian North are based upon reindeer herding, fishing, terrestrial and sea mammal hunting, and trapping. Many groups in the Russian Arctic are semi-nomadic, moving seasonally to different hunting and fishing camps. These groups depend upon different types of environment at differing times of the year, rather than upon exploiting a single commodity to exhaustion. Throughout northwestern Siberia, oil and gas development has disturbed pastureland and undermined the ability of Indigenous peoples to continue hunting, fishing, trapping, and herding activities. Roads constructed in connection with oil and gas exploration and development destroy and degrade pastureland, ancestral burial grounds, and sacred sites and increase hunting by oil workers on the territory used by Indigenous peoples.
2488:
fishers largely from abroad. This deprived the local Sámi (see
Article 21 of the Code of the Murmansk Oblast) of food for their families and community and of their traditional economic livelihood. Thus, closing the fishery to locals may have violated the test articulated by the U.N. Human Rights Committee and disregarded the Land Code, other legislative acts, and the 1992 Presidential decree. Sámi are not only forbidden to fish in the eighty-kilometer stretch leased to the Ponoi River Company but are also required by regional laws to pay for licenses to catch a limited number of fish outside the lease area. Residents of remote communities have neither the power nor the resources to demand enforcement of their rights. Here and elsewhere in the circumpolar north, the failure to apply laws for the protection of Indigenous peoples leads to "criminalization" of local Indigenous populations who cannot survive without "poaching" resources that should be accessible to them legally.
3892:
4912:
2585:. There is no single, unified Sámi parliament that spans across the Nordic countries. Rather, each of the aforementioned three countries has set up its own separate legislatures for Sámi people, even though the three Sámi Parliaments often work together on cross-border issues. In all three countries, they act as an institution of cultural autonomy for the Indigenous Sámi people. The parliaments have very weak political influence, far from autonomy. They are formally public authorities, ruled by the Scandinavian governments, but have democratically elected parliamentarians, whose mission is to work for the Sámi people and culture. Candidates' election promises often get into conflict with the institutions' submission under their governments, but as authorities, they have some influence over the government.
1618:
2477:
1551:
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4294:
part of schooling was not available until 1988. Special residential schools that would assimilate the Sámi into the dominant culture were established. These were originally run by missionaries, but later, controlled by the government. For example, in Russia, Sámi children were taken away when aged 1–2 and returned when aged 15–17 with no knowledge of their language and traditional communities. Not all Sámi viewed the schools negatively, and not all of the schools were brutal. However, being taken from home and prohibited from speaking Sámi has resulted in cultural alienation, loss of language, and lowered self-esteem.
944:
3322:
2512:, submitted a proposal for a Nordic Sámi Convention to the annual joint meeting of the ministers responsible for Sámi affairs in Finland, Norway and Sweden and the presidents of the three Sámi Parliaments from the respective countries. This convention recognizes the Sámi as one Indigenous people residing across national borders in all three countries. A set of minimum standards is proposed for the rights of developing the Sámi language and culture and rights to land and water, livelihoods and society. The convention has not yet been ratified in the Nordic countries.
2269:
528:
1538:
1954:
139:
2679:. Some state that the rights (for reindeer herding and, in some parts, even for fishing and hunting) include not only modern Sápmi but areas that are beyond today's Sápmi that reflect older territories. Today's "borders" originate from the 14th to 16th centuries when land-owning conflicts occurred. The establishment of more stable dwelling places and larger towns originates from the 16th century and was performed for strategic defence and economic reasons, both by peoples from Sámi groups themselves and more southern immigrants.
3296:) can have pointed or curled toes and often have band-woven ankle wraps. Eastern Sámi boots have a rounded toe on reindeer-fur boots, lined with felt and with beaded details. There are different gákti for women and men; men's gákti have a shorter "jacket-skirt" than a women's long dress. Traditional gákti are most commonly in variations of red, blue, green, white, medium-brown tanned leather, or reindeer fur. In winter, there is the addition of a reindeer fur coat and leggings, and sometimes a poncho (luhkka) and rope/lasso.
5769:
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3216:
2332:
3418:
5366:
2350:. Of those, 36 cases involved a determination of the rights of individual Sámi in Finland and Sweden. The committee decisions clarify that Sámi are members of a minority within the meaning of Article 27 and that deprivation or erosion of their rights to practice traditional activities that are an essential element of their culture do come within the scope of Article 27. Finland recognized the Sámi as a "people" in 1995, but has yet to ratify ILO Convention 169 Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples.
4282:. Six of these languages have their own written standards. The Sámi languages are relatively closely related, but not mutually intelligible; for instance, speakers of Southern Sámi cannot understand Northern Sámi. Especially earlier, these distinct languages were referred to as "dialects", but today, this is considered misleading due to the deep differences between the varieties. Most Sámi languages are spoken in several countries, because linguistic borders do not correspond to national borders.
5097:
4834:
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gathering activities. The law, however, does not anticipate the transfer of title in fee simply to
Indigenous minorities. The law does not recognize development rights, some proprietary rights including compensation for damage to the property, and limited exclusionary rights. It is not clear, however, whether protection of nature in the traditional places of inhabitation implies a right to exclude conflicting uses that are destructive to nature or whether they have the right to veto development.
2171:
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254:
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1786:
3440:, usually sung slowly and deep in the throat with apparent emotional content of sorrow or anger. Joiks can be dedicated to animals and birds in nature, special people or special occasions, and they can be joyous, sad or melancholic. They often are based on syllablic improvisation. In recent years, musical instruments frequently accompany joiks. The only traditional Sámi instruments that were sometimes used to accompany joik are the "fadno" flute (made from reed-like
7117:
4992:
2536:
4794:
5127:(ancient in Europe). Y-chromosome haplogroup N-VL29 makes up 20%, came from Siberia 3500 years ago. Y-chromosome N-Z1936 makes up similarly about 20%, and likely came from Siberia with the Sámi language, but slightly later than N-VL29. This tallies with archeological evidence suggesting that several different cultural groups made their way to the core area of Sámi from 8000 to 6000 BC, presumably including some of the ancestors of present-day Sámi.
2306:
5284:
2213:(1989). The convention states that rights for the Indigenous peoples to land and natural resources are recognized as central for their material and cultural survival. In addition, Indigenous peoples should be entitled to exercise control over, and manage, their own institutions, ways of life and economic development in order to maintain and develop their identities, languages and religions, within the framework of the states in which they live.
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4044:
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1471:
218:
274:
1320:
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182:
3279:
2392:
2469:, calls on the organs of state power of the oblast to facilitate the native peoples of the Kola North, specifically naming the Sámi, "in realization of their rights for preservation and development of their native language, national culture, traditions and customs." The third section of Article 21 states: "In historically established areas of habitation, Sámi enjoy the rights for traditional use of nature and activities."
3756:
1945:, reindeer herders, and Sámi organisations carried out a historic joint campaign, and in 2010, Sámi reindeer herders won some time as a result of these court cases. Industrial logging has now been pushed back from the most important forest areas either permanently or for the next 20 years, though there are still threats, such as mining and construction plans of holiday resorts on the protected shorelines of Lake Inari.
200:
236:
3077:, the "Apostle of the Sámi", burned drums, burned sacred objects, and converted people. Out of the estimated thousands of drums before this period, only about 70 are known to remain today, scattered in museums around Europe. Sacred sites were destroyed, such as sieidi (stones in natural or human-built formations), álda and sáivu (sacred hills), springs, caves and other natural formations where offerings were made.
1312:
2010:
12985:
2664:
2116:
1895:
2746:
125:
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profound positive effect on both problems. One account from a Sámi cultural perspective recalls a new desire among the Sámi to learn to read and a "bustle and energy in the church, with people confessing their sins, crying and praying for forgiveness ... and the theft of reindeer diminished, which had a positive influence on the Sámi's relationships, finances and family life."
5780:
2207:(1966). Article 27 protects minorities, and Indigenous peoples, against discrimination: "In those states in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities exist, persons belonging to such minorities, shall not be denied the right, in community with the other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practice their own religion, or use their own language."
513:. As of 2007 about 10% of the Sámi were connected to reindeer herding, which provides them with meat, fur, and transportation; around 2,800 Sámi people were actively involved in reindeer herding on a full-time basis in Norway. For traditional, environmental, cultural, and political reasons, reindeer herding is legally reserved for only Sámi in some regions of the Nordic countries.
2873:
1891:
boarding schools and the legacy of laws that were created to deny the Sámi rights (e.g., to their beliefs, language, land and to the practice of traditional livelihoods). The Sámi are experiencing cultural and environmental threats, including: oil exploration, mining, dam building, logging, climate change, military bombing ranges, tourism and commercial development.
1347:. These groups presumably started to move to the northwest from the homeland of the early Uralic peoples in the second and third quarters of the 2nd millennium BC. On their journey, they used the ancient river routes of northern Russia. Some of these peoples, who may have originally spoken the same western Uralic language, stopped and stayed in the regions between
2798:, Norway. This congress was the first time that Norwegian and Swedish Sámi came together across their national borders to work together to find solutions for common problems. The resolution for celebrating on 6 February was passed in 1992 at the 15th Sámi congress in Helsinki. Since 1993, Norway, Sweden and Finland have recognized 6 February as Sámi National Day.
4077:, the Mid-Finnmark legal office, a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic – one of few on a national level approved for providing full specialist training. Other significant institutions include a Sámi Specialist Medical Centre, and the Sámi Health Research Institute. In addition, the Sápmi cultural park is in the township, and the Sámi-language
3307:-like buttons, tassels, or brass/copper details such as rings. Belts can also have beaded leather pouches, antler needle cases, accessories for a fire, copper rings, amulets, and often a carved and/or scrimshawed antler-handled knife. Some Eastern Sámi also have a hooded jumper (малиц) from reindeer skins with wool inside and above the knee boots.
4181:(Arvidsjaur). New settlers from the south of Sweden did not arrive until the second half of the 18th century. Because of that, Sámi tradition and culture has been well preserved. Sámi people living in the south of Norrbotten, Sweden, use the city for Reindeer herding during the summer. During winter they move the Reindeers to the coast, to Piteå.
3300:
embroidery, and some
Eastern Sámi have beading on clothing or collar. Hats vary by sex, season, and region. They can be wool, leather, or fur. They can be embroidered, or in the East, they are more like a beaded cloth crown with a shawl. Some traditional shamanic headgear had animal hides, plaits, and feathers, particularly in East Sápmi.
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1462:
the land. From the 19th century
Norwegian and Swedish authorities started to regard the Sámi as a "backward" and "primitive" people in need of being "civilized", imposing the Scandinavian languages as the only valid languages of the kingdoms and effectively banning Sámi language and culture in many contexts, particularly schools.
2097:
their land ownership, an idea incompatible with and antithetical to the traditional reindeer-herding Sámi way of life. This has effectively allowed the
Finnish government to take without compensation, motivated by economic gain, land occupied by the Sámi for centuries. Non-Sámi Finns began to move to Lapland in the 1550s.
1594:, 60 to 76 percent of northern Norwegian farms were abandoned following the plague, while land-rents, another measure of population, dropped to 9–28% of pre-plague levels. Although the population of northern Norway is sparse compared to southern Europe, the disease spread just as fast. The spread of the plague-carrying
1654:, the tax revenues from this industry greatly diminished. Because of the huge profits that could be had from these fisheries, the local authorities offered incentives to the Sámi—faced with their own population pressures—to settle on the newly vacant farms. This started the economic division between the Sea Sámi (
1445:, while Scandinavians lived in southern Scandinavia and gradually colonised the Norwegian coast; from the 18th and especially the 19th century, the governments of Norway and Sweden started to assert sovereignty more aggressively in the north, and targeted the Sámi with Scandinavization policies aimed at
4927:
According to the
Norwegian Sámi Parliament, the Sámi population of Norway is 40,000. If all people who speak Sámi or have a parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent who speaks or spoke Sámi are included, the number reaches 70,000. As of 2021, 20,545 people were registered to vote in the election for
4313:
loanwords in Sámi, particularly for "urban" objects. The majority of the Sámi now speak the majority languages of the countries they live in, i.e., Swedish, Russian, Finnish and
Norwegian. Efforts are being made to further the use of Sámi languages among Sámi and persons of Sámi origin. Despite these
4293:
defines as "definitely endangered" to "extinct". This is due in part to historic laws prohibiting the use of Sámi languages in schools and at home in Sweden and Norway. Sámi languages, and Sámi song-chants, called joiks, were illegal in Norway from 1773 until 1958. Then, access to Sámi instruction as
3299:
The colours, patterns and the jewellery of the gákti indicate where a person is from, if a person is single or married, and sometimes can even be specific to their family. The collar, sleeves and hem usually have appliqués in the form of geometric shapes. Some regions have ribbonwork, others have tin
3069:
were burned or sent to museums abroad. In this period, many Sámi practiced their traditional religion at home, while going to church on Sunday. Since the Sámi were considered to possess "witchcraft" powers, they were often accused of sorcery during the 17th century and were the subjects of witchcraft
2461:
The
Russian Federation's Land Code reinforces the rights of numerically small peoples ("Indigenous minorities") to use places they inhabit and to continue traditional economic activities without being charged rent. Such lands cannot be allocated for unrelated activities (which might include oil, gas,
2402:
The 1822 Statute of
Administration of Non-Russians in Siberia asserted state ownership over all the land in Siberia and then "granted" possessory rights to the natives. Governance of Indigenous groups, and especially collection of taxes from them, necessitated protection of Indigenous peoples against
2096:
As in the other countries claiming sovereignty over Sámi lands, Sámi activists' efforts in Finland in the 20th century achieved limited government recognition of the Sámis' rights as a recognized minority, but the Finnish government has maintained its legally enforced premise that the Sámi must prove
2042:
The tourism industry in Finland has been criticized for turning Sámi culture into a marketing tool by promoting opportunities to experience "authentic" Sámi ceremonies and lifestyle. At many tourist locales, non-Sámi dress in inaccurate replicas of Sámi traditional clothing, and gift shops sell crude
2017:
Reindeer have major cultural and economic significance for Indigenous peoples of the North. The human-ecological systems in the North, like reindeer pastoralism, are sensitive to change, perhaps more than in virtually any other region of the globe, due in part to the variability of the Arctic climate
1988:
State regulation of sea fisheries underwent drastic change in the late 1980s. The regulation linked quotas to vessels and not to fishers. These newly calculated quotas were distributed free of cost to larger vessels on the basis of the amount of the catch in previous years, resulting in small vessels
1967:
The Swedish government has allowed the world's largest onshore wind farm to be built in Piteå, in the Arctic region where the Eastern Kikkejaure village has its winter reindeer pastures. The wind farm will consist of more than 1,000 wind turbines and an extensive road infrastructure, which means that
1881:
giving the Sámi parliament and the Finnmark Provincial council a joint responsibility of administering the land areas previously considered state property. These areas (96% of the provincial area), which have always been used primarily by the Sámi, now belong officially to the people of the province,
1461:
to engage in an export-driven fisheries industry prior to the 19th century, they showed little interest in the harsh and non-arable inland populated by reindeer-herding Sámi. Unlike the Norwegians on the coast who were strongly dependent on their trade with the south, the Sámi in the inland lived off
1440:
and who founded and thus dominated the kingdoms of Norway and Sweden. The migration of Germanic-speaking peoples to Southern Scandinavia happened independently and separate from the Sámi migrations into the northern regions. For centuries, the Sámi and the Scandinavians had relatively little contact;
4206:
In the geographical area of Sápmi, the Sámi are a small population. According to some, the estimated total Sámi population is about 70,000. One problem when attempting to count the population of the Sámi is that there are few common criteria of what "being a Sámi" constitutes. In addition, there are
3173:
has caused these shamans to be generally not viewed as part of an unbroken Sámi religious tradition. Traditional Sámi beliefs are composed of three intertwining elements: animism, shamanism, and polytheism. Sámi animism is manifested in the Sámi's belief that all significant natural objects (such as
2029:
in the sensitive Arctic ecosystems and poisoned fish, meat and berries. Lichens and mosses are two of the main forms of vegetation in the Arctic and are highly susceptible to airborne pollutants and heavy metals. Since many do not have roots, they absorb nutrients, and toxic compounds, through their
1812:
On the Swedish and Finnish sides, the authorities were less militant, although the Sámi language was forbidden in schools and strong economic development in the north led to weakened cultural and economic status for the Sámi. From 1913 to 1920, the Swedish race-segregation political movement created
1608:
holding wheat, rye, or wool, where the fleas were able to live, and even reproduce, for several months at a time. The Sámi lived on fish and reindeer meat, and did not eat wheat or rye. They lived in communities detached from the Norwegians; being only loosely connected to the European trade routes,
4885:
Reindeer Sámi or Mountain Sámi (in Northern Sámi boazosapmelash or badjeolmmosh). Previously nomadic Sámi living as reindeer herders. Now most have a permanent residence in the Sámi core areas. Some 10% of Sámi practice reindeer herding, which is seen as a fundamental part of a Sámi culture and, in
2443:
In April 1999, the Russian Duma passed a law that guarantees socioeconomic and cultural development to all Indigenous minorities, protecting traditional living places and acknowledging some form of limited ownership of territories that have traditionally been used for hunting, herding, fishing, and
2414:
The 1993 Constitution, Article 69 states, "The Russian Federation guarantees the rights of small indigenous peoples in accordance with the generally accepted principles and standards of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation." For the first time in Russia, the rights
2286:
Sámi is one of five national minority languages recognized by Swedish law. The Compulsory School Ordinance states that Sámi pupils are entitled to be taught in their native language; however, a municipality is only obliged to arrange mother-tongue teaching in Sámi if a suitable teacher is available
1940:
In northern Finland, there has been a longstanding dispute over the destruction of forests, which prevents reindeer from migrating between seasonal feeding grounds and destroys supplies of lichen that grow on the upper branches of older trees. This lichen is the reindeer's only source of sustenance
1912:. The Sámi Parliament has opposed and rejected mining projects in the Finnmark area, and demanded that resources and mineral exploration benefit local Sámi communities and populations, as the proposed mines are in Sámi lands and will affect their ability to maintain their traditional livelihood. In
2699:
has introduced a sponsorship "Reindeer Godfather" concept to raise funds for further battles in courts. These "internal conflicts" are usually conflicts between non-Sámi land owners and reindeer owners. Cases question the Sámi ancient rights to reindeer pastures. In 2010, Sweden was criticized for
1907:
Sápmi is rich in precious metals, oil, and natural gas. Mining activities and prospecting to extract these resources from the region often interfere with reindeer grazing and calving areas and other aspects of traditional Sámi life. Some active mining locations include ancient Sámi spaces that are
1816:
The strongest pressure took place from around 1900 to 1940, when Norway invested considerable money and effort to assimilate Sámi culture. Anyone who wanted to buy or lease state lands for agriculture in Finnmark had to prove knowledge of the Norwegian language and had to register with a Norwegian
1674:
regarding the right of the coastal Sámi to fish in the seas on the basis of historical use and international law. State regulation of sea fisheries underwent drastic change in the late 1980s. The regulation linked quotas to vessels and not to fishers. These newly calculated quotas were distributed
1585:
came to northern Norway in December 1349. The Norwegians were closely connected to the greater European trade routes, along which the plague traveled; consequently, they were infected and died at a far higher rate than Sámi in the interior. Of all the states in the region, Norway suffered the most
5066:
Descendants of these Sámi immigrants typically know little of their heritage because their ancestors purposely hid their Indigenous culture to avoid discrimination from the dominating Scandinavian or Nordic culture. Some of these Sámi are part of a diaspora that moved to North America in order to
2654:
In 2010, the Sámi Council supported the establishment of a cultural center in Russia for Arctic peoples. The Center for Northern Peoples aims to promote artistic and cultural cooperation between the Arctic peoples of Russia and the Nordic countries, with particular focus on Indigenous peoples and
2148:
The constitutional amendment states: "It is the responsibility of the authorities of the State to create conditions enabling the Sámi people to preserve and develop its language, culture and way of life." This provides a legal and political protection of the Sámi language, culture and society. In
2059:
of and discrimination against the Sámi. On 8 April 2011, recommendations from the UN Racial Discrimination Committee were delivered to Norway, addressing many issues related to the legacy of Norwegianization policies, including the need for more Sámi language education, interpreters, and cultural
2033:
Radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel have been stored in the waters off the Kola Peninsula, including locations that are only "two kilometers" from places where Sámi live. There are a minimum of five "dumps" where spent nuclear fuel and other radioactive waste are being deposited in the Kola
1929:
have been made. In Sweden, taxes on minerals are intentionally low in an effort to increase mineral exploration for economic benefit, though this policy is at the expense of Sámi populations. ILO Convention No. 169 would grant rights to the Sámi people to their land and give them power in matters
3618:
Today in Norway and Sweden, reindeer husbandry is legally protected as an exclusive Sámi livelihood, such that only persons of Sámi descent with a linkage to a reindeer herding family can own, and hence make a living off, reindeer. Presently, about 2,800 people are engaged in reindeer herding in
3289:
Traditionally, the gákti was made from reindeer leather and sinews, but nowadays, it is more common to use wool, cotton, or silk. Women's gákti typically consist of a dress, a fringed shawl that is fastened with 1–3 silver brooches, and boots/shoes made of reindeer fur or leather. Sámi boots (or
3148:
religion to Lutheranism, and the misery caused them by alcoholism. The spiritual understanding Laestadius acquired and shared in his new sermons "filled with vivid metaphors from the lives of the Sámi that they could understand, ... about a God who cared about the lives of the people" had a
2368:
The case of J. Lansman versus Finland concerned a challenge by Sámi reindeer herders in northern Finland to the Finnish Central Forestry Board's plans to approve logging and construction of roads in an area used by the herdsmen as winter pasture and spring calving grounds. Finland has denied any
1669:
Even as late as the early 18th century, there were many Sámi who were still settling on these farms left abandoned from the 1350s. After many years of continuous migration, these Sea Sámi became far more numerous than the reindeer-herding mountain Sámi, who today only make up 10% of all Sámi. In
1504:
in the 18th century. This hypothesis is still accepted among many historians, but has been the subject of scholarly debate in the 21st century. In recent years, several archaeological finds indicate a Sámi presence in southern Norway in the Middle Ages, and in southern Sweden, including finds in
7663:
3184:
A very different religious idea is represented by the numerous "wise men" and "wise women" found throughout the Sámi area. They often offer to heal the sick through rituals and traditional medicines and may also combine traditional elements, such as older Sámi teachings, with newer monotheistic
2378:
1890:
The Indigenous Sámi population is a mostly urbanised demographic, but a substantial number live in villages in the high Arctic. The Sámi are still coping with the cultural consequences of language and culture loss caused by generations of Sámi children being taken to missionary and/or state-run
1645:
Fishing has always been the main livelihood for the many Sámi living permanently in coastal areas. Archeological research shows that the Sámi have lived along the coast and once lived much farther south in the past, and they were also involved in work other than reindeer herding (e.g., fishing,
2487:
In the Sámi homeland on the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia, regional authorities closed a fifty-mile (eighty-kilometer) stretch of the Ponoi River (and other rivers) to local fishing and granted exclusive fishing rights to a commercial company offering catch-and-release fishing to sport
2472:
Throughout the Russian North, Indigenous and local people have difficulties with exercising control over resources upon which they and their ancestors have depended for centuries. The failure to protect Indigenous ways, however, stems not from inadequacy of the written law, but rather from the
5158:
The genetic makeup of Sámi people has been extensively studied for as long as such research has been in existence. Ethnographic photography of the Sámi began with the invention of the camera in the 19th century. This continued on into the 1920s and 1930s, when Sámi were photographed naked and
3682:
family. The game features "Swedes" and a "Swedish king" whose goal is to escape, and an army of "Muscovites" whose goal is to capture the king. Tablut is the only tafl game where a relatively intact set of rules have survived into our time. Hence, all modern versions of tafl (commonly called
1992:
The Sámi recently stopped a water-prospecting venture that threatened to turn an ancient sacred site and natural spring called Suttesaja into a large-scale water-bottling plant for the world market—without notification or consultation with the local Sámi people, who make up 70 percent of the
2491:
Although Indigenous leaders in Russia have occasionally asserted Indigenous rights to land and resources, to date there has been no serious or sustained discussion of Indigenous group rights to ownership of land. Russia has not adopted the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, C169.
3226:
Duodji, the Sámi handicraft, originates from the time when the Sámis were self-supporting nomads, believing therefore that an object should first and foremost serve a purpose rather than being primarily decorative. Men mostly use wood, bone, and antlers to make items such as antler-handled
1809:. With the introduction of seven compulsory years of school in 1889, the Sámi language and traditional way of life came increasingly under pressure from forced cultural normalization. Strong economic development of the north also ensued, giving Norwegian culture and language higher status.
2051:
The Sámi have for centuries, even today, been the subject of discrimination and abuse by the dominant cultures in the nations they have historically inhabited. They have never been a single community in a single region of Sápmi, which until recently was considered only a cultural region.
1993:
population. The Finnish National Board of Antiquities has registered the area as a heritage site of cultural and historical significance, and the stream itself is part of the Deatnu/Tana watershed, which is home to Europe's largest salmon river, an important source of Sámi livelihood.
1634:
2625:
in Finnish) is a reindeer-herding corporation that is not restricted by ethnicity. There are indeed some ethnic Finns who practice reindeer herding, and in principle, all residents of the reindeer herding area (most of Finnish Lapland and parts of Oulu province) who are citizens of
2422:(parliament) has adopted partial measures to implement it. The Russian Federation lists distinct Indigenous peoples as having special rights and protections under the Constitution and federal laws and decrees. These rights are linked to the category known since Soviet times as the
3178:, as a number of neopagan religions likewise combine elements of ancient pagan religions with more recent revisions or innovations, but others feel they are attempting to revive or reconstruct Indigenous Sámi religions as found in historic, folkloric sources and oral traditions.
5162:
Sámi graves were plundered to provide research materials, of which their remains and artifacts from this period from across Sápmi can still be found in various state collections. In the late 19th century, colonial fascination with Arctic peoples led to human beings exhibited in
2581:) founded in Finland (1973), Norway (1989) and Sweden (1993) are the representative bodies for peoples of Sámi heritage. Russia has not recognized the Sámi as a minority and, as a result, recognizes no Sámi parliament, even if the Sámi people there have formed an unrecognised
2462:
and mineral development or tourism) without the consent of the Indigenous peoples. Furthermore, Indigenous minorities and ethnic groups are allowed to use environmentally protected lands and lands set aside as nature preserves to engage in their traditional modes of land use.
1578:, and Finnmark counties, they were able to establish commerce, trading fish for products from the south. According to old Nordic texts, the Sea Sámi and the Mountain Sámi are two classes of the same people and not two different ethnic groups, as had been erroneously believed.
4242:, Norway, traditionally considered outside Sápmi. The Norwegian state recognizes any Norwegian as Sámi if he or she has one great-grandparent whose home language was Sámi, but there is not, and has never been, any registration of the home language spoken by Norwegian people.
1996:
In Norway, government plans for the construction of a hydroelectric power plant in the Alta river in Finnmark in northern Norway led to a political controversy and the rallying of the Sámi popular movement in the late 1970s and early 1980s. As a result, the opposition in the
1813:
a race-based biological institute that collected research material from living people and graves. Throughout history, Swedish settlers were encouraged to move to the northern regions through incentives such as land and water rights, tax allowances, and military exemptions.
2060:
support. One committee recommendation was that discrimination against someone based upon their language be added to Article 1 of the Norwegian Discrimination and Accessibility Act. A new present status report was to have been ready by the end of 2012. In 2018, The
4237:
of the Sámi people that had occurred in the four countries over the centuries, population estimates are difficult to measure precisely. The population has been estimated to be between 80,000 and 135,000 across the whole Nordic region, including urban areas such as
2710:
From an Indigenous perspective, people "belong to the land", the land does not belong to people, but this does not mean that hunters, herders, and fishing people do not know where the borders of their territories are located as well as those of their neighbors.
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1797:
environment. Indeed, throughout the 18th century, as Norwegians of Northern Norway suffered from low fish prices and consequent depopulation, the Sámi cultural element was strengthened, since the Sámi were mostly independent of supplies from Southern Norway.
5971:
Sápmi Park – Located Karasjok, Norway, Sápmi Park and visitor center presents the Sámi culture and its history through exhibits and a special effect theater presentation, entitled "The Magic Theater" designed originally by award-winning experience designer
3016:. Generally, he claims to have filtered out the Norse influence and derived common elements between the South, North, and Eastern Sámi groups. The mythology has common elements with other Indigenous religions as well—such as those of Indigenous peoples in
4975:
According to the Finnish Population Registry Center and the Finnish Sámi Parliament, the Sámi population living in Finland was 10,753 in 2019. As of 31 December 2021, only 2,023 people were registered as speaking a Sámi language as their mother tongue.
2975:, it is the dwelling of humans and it is associated with the color red. The third world is the underworld and it is associated with the color black, it represents the north, the cold and it is inhabited by otters, loons, and seals and mythical animals.
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changes, the legacy of cultural repression still exists. Many older Sámi still refuse to speak Sámi. In addition, Sámi parents still feel alienated from schools and hence do not participate as much as they could in shaping school curricula and policy.
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agriculture, iron work). The fishing along the north Norwegian coast, especially in the Lofoten and Vesterålen islands, is quite productive, with a variety of fish; during medieval times, it was a major source of income for both the fishermen and the
8356:
Kuokkanen, Rauna; Bulmer, Marja K. (2006). "Suttesaja: from a sacred Sámi site and natural spring to a water bottling plant? The effects of colonization in Northern Europe". In Echoes from the Poisoned Well: Global Memories of Environmental Justice,
11023:. A large and geographically diverse group of regional editors and contributors, some of whom had already been involved in the previous two editions, worked with Christopher Moseley to provide and validate languages data and write essays. UNESCO.
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anatomically measured by scientists, with the help of the local police—sometimes at gunpoint—to collect data that would justify their own racial theories. Thus, there is a degree of distrust by some in the Sámi community towards genetic research.
1979:
Government authorities and NATO have built bombing-practice ranges in Sámi areas in northern Norway and Sweden. These regions have served as reindeer calving and summer grounds for thousands of years, and contain many ancient Sámi sacred sites.
1452:
Before the era of forced Scandinavization policies, the Norwegian and Swedish authorities had largely ignored the Sámi and did not interfere much in their way of life. While Norwegians moved north to gradually colonise the coast of modern-day
1968:
the feasibility of using the area for winter grazing in practice is impossible. Sweden has received strong international criticism, including by the UN Racial Discrimination Committee and the Human Rights Committee, that Sweden violates Sámi
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offers day care and preschool education in the Sámi language, and then as basic education first as supplementary native language education starting from the first grade and as a voluntary subject on its own starting from the fourth grade.
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before the springtime reindeer migration to the coast. These festivals combine traditional culture with modern phenomena such as snowmobile races. They celebrated the new year known as Ođđajagemánnu. Shamanic culture is celebrated at the
5002:
There are an estimated 30,000 people living in North America who are either Sámi, or descendants of Sámi. Most have settled in areas that are known to have Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish immigrants. Some of these concentrated areas are
3552:
Partner and group dancing have been a part of Skolt Sámi culture and among Sámi on the Kola Peninsula since at least the second half of the 1800s. These square dances, couple dances, circle dances, and singing games are influenced by
2674:
Sápmi, the Sámi traditional lands, cross four national borders. Traditional summer and winter pastures sometimes lie on different sides of the borders of the nation-states. In addition to that, there is a border drawn for modern-day
2520:
Sápmi demonstrates a distinct semi-national identity that transcends the borders between Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. There is no movement for sovereign state, but they do seek greater autonomy in respective nation states.
2731:, first gained acceptance among the Sámi in the 1970s, and even later among the majority population. During the 1980s and 1990s, a Sámi flag was created, a Sámi anthem was written, and the date of a national day was established.
2083:
In Finland, where Sámi children, like all Finnish children, are entitled to day care and language instruction in their own language, the Finnish government has denied funding for these rights in most of the country, including in
3528:
Unlike many other Indigenous peoples, traditional dance is generally not a visible manifestation of Sámi identity. This has led to a common misconception that Sámi, at least in western Sápmi, have no traditional dance culture.
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leaves. The lichens accumulated airborne radiation, and 73,000 reindeer had to be killed as "unfit" for human consumption in Sweden alone. The government promised Sámi indemnification, which was not acted upon by government.
1924:
which operated a drilling program in lands used for grazing reindeer during the winter. There is often local opposition to new mining projects where environmental impacts are perceived to be very large, as very few plans for
4009:, the Sámi Language Board, the Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous People, and the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry. In addition, several Sámi media are located in Kautokeino including the Sámi-language
4971:
According to the Swedish Sámi Parliament, estimates of the size of the Sámi population of Sweden ranges from 20,000 to 40,000. As of 2021, 9,226 people were registered to vote in elections to the Swedish Sámi Parliament.
2982:, possibly from early contacts with trading Vikings (or vice versa). They were the last worshippers of Thor, as late as the 18th century according to contemporary ethnographers. Through a mainly French initiative from
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policies, which began in the 1800s and lasted until the 1970s. In 2020, Sweden funded the establishment of an independent truth commission to examine and document past abuse of Sámi by the Swedish state. In 2021, the
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addition the "amendment implies a legal, political and moral obligation for Norwegian authorities to create an environment conducive to the Sámis themselves influencing on the development of the Sámi community".
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where each player controls a set of soldiers (referred to as "women" and "men") that race across a board in a loop, attempting to eliminate the other player's soldiers. The game is related to South Scandinavian
2043:
reproductions of Sámi handicraft. One popular "ceremony", crossing the Arctic Circle, actually has no significance in Sámi spirituality. To some Sámi, this is an insulting display of cultural exploitation.
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animals, plants, rocks, etc.) possess a soul; and from a polytheistic perspective, traditional Sámi beliefs include a multitude of spirits. Many contemporary practitioners are compared to practitioners of
2935:, a strong emphasis on the importance of personal spirituality and its interconnectivity with one's own daily life, and a deep connection between the natural and spiritual "worlds". Among other roles, the
3532:
The Sámi modern dance company Kompani Nomad looked to old descriptions of shamanistic rituals and behaviors to identify "lost" Sámi dances and reimagine them through contemporary dance. An example is the
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Sámi cosmology divides the universe into three worlds. The upper world is related to the South, warmth, life, and the color white. It is also the dwelling of the gods. The middle world is like the Norse
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escape assimilation policies in their home countries. There were also several Sámi families that were brought to North America with herds of reindeer by the U.S. and Canadian governments as part of the
2688:(Sámi corporation) gives rights. A different law enacted in Sweden in the mid-1990s gave the right to anyone to fish and hunt in the region, something that was met with skepticism and anger amongst the
1937:. Oil spills affect fishing and the construction of roads. There is a gas pipeline that stretches across the Kola Peninsula, and power lines cut off access to reindeer calving grounds and sacred sites.
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and archeological findings such as settlements, dating from about 10,000 BC can be found in Lapland and Finnmark, although these have not been demonstrated to be related to the Sámi people. These
5241:(1903–1986) Born in Arjeplog. A Swedish-Sámi linguist, politician and professor of Sámi languages and culture at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. Israel Ruong spoke Pite Sámi as his mother tongue.
2231:
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4219:(which can be said to, at some level or other, be of high importance for all Sámi), the geographical region of Sápmi where their family came from, and/or protecting or preserving certain aspects of
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In addition to Duodji (Sámi handicraft), there is a developing area of contemporary Sámi visual art. Galleries such as Sámi Dáiddaguovddáš (Sami Center for Contemporary Art) are being established.
1492:, commissioned by the Norwegian government in 1889 to determine this question in order to settle contemporary questions of Sámi land rights, concluded that the Sámi had lived no farther south than
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free of charge to larger vessels on the basis of the amount of the catch in previous years, resulting in small vessels in Sámi districts falling outside the new quota system to a large degree.
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newspaper, and the DAT Sámi publishing house and record company. Kautokeino also hosts the, which includes the Sámi Grand Prix 2010 (Sámi Musicfestival) and the Reindeer Racing World Cup. The
1933:
In Russia's Kola Peninsula, vast areas have already been destroyed by mining and smelting activities, and further development is imminent. This includes oil and natural gas exploration in the
1683:
As the Sea Sámi settled along Norway's fjords and inland waterways, pursuing a combination of farming, cattle raising, trapping and fishing, the minority Mountain Sámi continued to hunt wild
8716:
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Sámi in Finland have had access to Sámi language instruction in some schools since the 1970s, and language rights were established in 1992. There are three Sámi languages spoken in Finland:
919:
to refer to Sámi people, although the Sámi themselves now consider this to be an inappropriate term. Finnish immigrants to Northern Norway in the 18th and 19th centuries were referred to as
8401:
7457:
Mathisen, Stein R. (2004). "Ethnic Identities in Global and Local Discourses: Contested Narratives of Sámi Ethnic Heritage". In Kupiainen, Jari; Sevänen, Erkki; Stotesbury, John A. (eds.).
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1976:), including by not regulating industry. In Norway some Sámi politicians (for example—Aili Keskitalo) suggest giving the Sámi Parliament a special veto right on planned mining projects.
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and spread from there. When the speakers of this language extended to the area of modern-day Finland, they encountered groups of peoples who spoke a number of smaller ancient languages (
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A number of novels and poetry collections are published every year in Northern Sámi, and sometimes in the other Sámi languages as well. The largest Sámi publishing house is Davvi Girji.
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in the 1920s, which increased the gap between local Sámi groups (something still present today) that sometimes has the character of an internal Sámi ethnic conflict. Another example of
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Sweden recognised the existence of the "Sámi nation" in 1989, but the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, C169 has not been adopted. The Sametingslag was established as the
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Tambets, Kristiina; Metspalu, Mait; Lang, Valter; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas; Kriiska, Aivar; Thomas, Mark G.; Díez-del-Molino, David; Crema, Enrico Ryunosuke (20 May 2019).
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as described below), and therefore, according to international law, the Sámi people in Norway are entitled special protection and rights. The legal foundation of the Sámi policy is:
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3985:. The opposition against Sámi language and culture revitalization in Gáivuotna was infamous in the late 1990s and included Sámi-language road signs being shot to pieces repeatedly.
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Sámi newspaper. The Finnmarkseiendommen organization owns and manages about 95% of the land in Finnmark, and 50% of its board members are elected by the Norwegian Sámi Parliament.
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2365:. Of these languages, Inari Sámi, which is spoken by about 350 speakers, is the only one that is used entirely within the borders of Finland, mainly in the municipality of Inari.
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This map shows the geographic distribution of Sámi languages and offers some additional information, such as number of native Sámi speakers and locations of the Sámi parliaments.
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The Russian Federation ratified the 1966 U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; Section 2 explicitly forbids depriving a people of "its own means of subsistence". The
1703:, as they crossed each border while following the annual reindeer migrations; this caused much resentment over the years. Between 1635 and 1659, the Swedish crown forced Swedish
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3373:, in Kautokeino on the Norwegian side, as well as in Kiruna on the Swedish side. Both tour the entire Sámi area with drama written by Sámi authors or international translations.
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Court proceedings have been common throughout history, and the aim from the Sámi viewpoint is to reclaim territories used earlier in history. Due to a major defeat in 1996, one
11176:
2719:
To make up for past suppression, the authorities of Norway, Sweden and Finland now make an effort to build up Sámi cultural institutions and promote Sámi culture and language.
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3871:. About 3,000 of Finland's about 10,000 people speak Sámi as their mother tongue. Today, a considerable part of the Finnish Sámi live outside the Sápmi region, for example in
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describing the Sámi as sons and daughters of the sun. The flag has the Sámi colours, red, green, yellow and blue, and the circle represents the sun (red) and the moon (blue).
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3697:) by having pieces of three different ranks. The game's two sides are referred to as "Sámi" (king, prince, warriors) and "Finlenders" (landowners, landowner's son, farmers).
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7500:(1891). "Lappernes fremrykning mot syd i Trondhjems stift og Hedemarkens amt" [The incursion of Lapps southwards in the see of Trondhjem and county of Hedemarken].
7277:
Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes; Haak, Wolfgang; Onkamo, Päivi; Pääbo, Svante; Kelso, Janet; Sajantila, Antti; Weihmann, Antje; Ongyerth, Matthias (27 November 2018).
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nationals resident in the area. In the north (Lapland), it plays a major role in the local economy, while its economic impact is lesser in the southern parts of the area (
1529:. Proponents of the Sámi interpretations of these finds assume a mixed population of Norse and Sámi people in the mountainous areas of southern Norway in the Middle Ages.
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for the first time on 1 April 1906. In August 1986, it became the Sámi anthem. Arne Sørli set the poem to music, which was then approved at the 15th Sámi Conference in
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1854:, the pressure was relaxed, though the legacy was evident into recent times, such as the 1970s law limiting the size of any house Sámi people were allowed to build.
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3997:(Kautokeino) is perhaps the cultural capital of the Sámi. About 90% of the population speaks Sámi. Several Sámi institutions are located in Kautokeino including:
9073:
Pikkarainen, Heidi (2008). "Discrimination of the Sami – the rights of the Sami from a discrimination perspective". Ombudsmannen mot etnisk diskriminering (DO).
5672:(1877–1931), politician and activist. Organized the first international Sámi conference and wrote a rhetorically powerful pamphlet of resistance to colonization.
3286:
Gákti are the traditional clothing worn by the Sámi people. The gákti is worn both in ceremonial contexts and while working, particularly when herding reindeer.
1390:). As the language spread further, it became segmented into dialects. The geographical distribution of the Sámi has evolved over the course of history. From the
755:, including when addressing outsiders in Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, or English. In Norwegian and Swedish, the Sámi are today referred to by the localized form
10165:
8152:
4055:(Jokkmokk) holds a Sámi market on the first weekend of every February and has a Sámi school for language and traditional knowledge called Samij Åhpadusguovdásj.
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s. In fact, Saxo never explicitly connects the Sámi with the "two Laplands". The term "Lapp" was popularized and became the standard terminology by the work of
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Two great challenges Laestadius had faced since his early days as a church minister were the indifference of his Sámi parishioners, who had been forced by the
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Desertion and Land Colonization in the Nordic Countries c. 1300–1600: comparative report from the Scandinavian research project on deserted farms and villages
1838:
In 1913, the Norwegian parliament passed a bill on "native act land" to allocate the best and most useful lands to Norwegian settlers. Another factor was the
837:, 'skiing Finn') was the name originally used by Norse speakers (and their proto-Norse speaking ancestors) to refer to the Sámi, as attested in the Icelandic
14373:
10816:
10402:
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Hoppu, Petri (June 2016). Shay, Anthony; Sellers-Young, Barbara (eds.). "Dancing Multiple Identities: Preserving and Revitalizing Dances of the Skolt Sámi".
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Many Sámi do not speak any of the Sámi languages any more due to historical assimilation policies, so the number of Sámi living in each area is much higher.
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and Indian tablan. Sáhkku differs from these games in several respects, most notably the addition of a piece – "the king" – that changes gameplay radically.
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2320:(Finnish: Saamelaiskäräjät) was passed on 9 November 1973. Sámi people have had very little representation in Finnish national politics. In fact, in 2007,
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made a formal apology to Sweden's Sámi population for its role in forced conversions and Swedification efforts, outlining a multiyear reconciliation plan.
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5660:(1947–present), politician. The first President of the Norwegian Sámi Parliament (NSR) and first Chairman of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.
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4893:). These lived traditionally by combining fishing and small-scale farming. Today, often used for all Sámi from the coast regardless of their occupation.
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The following municipalities have a significant Sámi population or host Sámi institutions (Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish or Russian name in parentheses):
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Reindeer husbandry has been and still is an important aspect of Sámi culture. Traditionally the Sámi lived and worked in reindeer herding groups called
2757:, Sweden, on 15 August 1986. It was the result of a competition for which many suggestions were entered. The winning design was submitted by the artist
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The Sámi have a complex relationship with the Scandinavians (known as Norse people in the medieval era), the dominant peoples of Scandinavia, who speak
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Norway has also accepted international conventions, declarations and agreements applicable to the Sámi as a minority and Indigenous people including:
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The gákti can be worn with a belt; these are sometimes band-woven belts, woven, or beaded. Leather belts can have scrimshawed antler buttons, silver
2192:
In addition, the Sámi have special rights to reindeer husbandry. In 2007, the Norwegian Parliament passed the new Reindeer Herding Act acknowledging
2166:
The Sámi and Norwegian languages have equal standing in Norway (section 15; Chapter 3 contains details with regards to the use of the Sámi language).
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have been studying the Sámi people for hundreds of years for their assumed physical and cultural differences from the rest of the Europeans. Recent
11086:
Corson, David (1995). "Norway's Sami Language Act': Emancipatory Implications for the World's Aboriginal Peoples". Language in Society 24: 493–513.
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in itself—one must declare that one truly considers oneself a Sámi. Objective criteria vary, but are generally related to kinship and/or language.
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11136:"Language Proficiency and Ethnicity: The Sami Case by Håkan Rydving. In Senri Ethnological Studies (SES) No.66 Circumpolar Ethnicity and Identity"
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1566:. The Sámi hunted reindeer and fished for their livelihood. The Norwegians, who were concentrated on the outer islands and near the mouths of the
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3129:. This movement is still very dominant in Sámi-speaking areas. Laestadius spoke many languages, and he became fluent and preached in Finnish and
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Norway. In Finland, reindeer husbandry is not exclusive and is also practiced to a limited degree by ethnic Finns. Legally, it is restricted to
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Rogers, John; Nelson, Marie C. (2003). ""Lapps, Finns, Gypsies, Jews, and idiots"? Modernity and the use of statistical categories in Sweden".
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5235:. She carried out several studies of pre-Christian religion among the Sámi and made contributions in the study of Sámi sociology and language.
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9649:. Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht. Vol. 290. Berlin & Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. pp. 57–69.
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heritage, on her father's and mother's sides, respectively. Works in multiple genres including experimental, documentary, drama, and action.
3773:
There is no official geographic definition for the boundaries of Sápmi. However, the following counties and provinces are usually included:
4881:
A division often used in Northern Sámi is based on occupation and the area of living. This division is also used in many historical texts:
3475:
Numerous Sámi festivals throughout the Sápmi area celebrate different aspects of the Sámi culture. The best known on the Norwegian side is
2505:
2065:
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3561:. This eastern Sápmi dance tradition has been more continuous and has been adapted by modern Sámi dance companies such as Johtti Kompani.
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Eastern Sápmi (Inari, Skolt, Akkala, Kildin and Teri Sámi in Kola peninsula (Russia) and Inari (Finland, formerly also in eastern Norway)
4138:
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The Sámi have traditionally played both card games and board games, but few Sámi games have survived, because Christian missionaries and
2249:
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Skuterud, Lavrans; Gaare, Eldar; Eikelmann, Inger; Hove, Knut; Steinnes, Eilive (2005). "Chernobyl Radioactivity Persists in Reindeer".
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4153:(Snåsa) is a center for the Southern Sámi language and the only municipality in Norway where Southern Sámi is an official language. The
2088:, the largest municipality in Finnish Lapland. Sámi activists have pushed for nationwide application of these basic rights. The city of
1488:
How far south the Sámi extended in the past has been debated among historians and archeologists for many years. The Norwegian historian
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European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of Racial, Gender and Disability Discrimination
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2428:("small-numbered peoples"), a term that is often translated as "Indigenous minorities", which include Arctic peoples such as the Sámi,
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6169:(2019), animated film about "a postman stationed in a town to the North who befriends a reclusive toy-maker" featuring Sámi characters
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can be either misleading or offensive, or both, to Sámi, depending on the context and where this word is used. Among the Sámi people,
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in Northern Troms. This area is also known as the Sámi core area, and Sámi and Norwegian are co-equal administrative languages here.
13498:
9008:
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13457:
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6296:
6235:"Population continuity between the PWC and modern Saami can be rejected under all assumed ancestral population size combinations."
5678:(1875–1925), politician and writer. Was the first Sámi parliamentarian (Norwegian Labour Party) and wrote the Sámi national anthem.
5666:(1973–present) politician. The first Sámi member of Government (Minister of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, Norwegian Labour Party).
5338:(1875–1925), politician and writer. Was the first Sámi parliamentarian (Norwegian Labour Party) and wrote the Sámi national anthem.
4123:– centre for South Sámi culture – a living source of knowledge for South Sámi culture, history and business. Staare also hosts the
3615:, the areas in which reindeer herding was an important livelihood were among the few where the Sámi culture and language survived.
3353:
shows in Sámi are also frequently made. There is also a radio station for Northern Sámi, which has some news programs in the other
2919:, allowing for the evolution of variations in beliefs and practices between tribes. The beliefs are closely connected to the land,
2338:. The three northernmost municipalities Utsjoki, Inari and Enontekiö and part of Sodankylä are officially considered the Sámi area.
13023:
10846:
3715:
and spans four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. Non-Sámi and many regional maps have often called this same region
2068:
to lay the foundation for recognition of the experiences of the Sámi subject to Norwegianization and the subsequent consequences.
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Roughly half of all Sámi live in Norway, but many live in Sweden, with smaller groups living in the far north of Finland and the
2987:
12694:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Vol. 63. Leiden: Brill.
11124:, pp. 1–34. Osaka and Fairbanks: National Museum of Ethnology and Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
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Krauss, M. E. 1997. The indigenous languages of the North: A report on their present state. In H. Shoji and J. Janhunen (eds.),
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In the far east of the Sámi area, the Russian monk Trifon converted the Sámi in the 16th century. Today, St. George's chapel in
1691:, often portrayed by outsiders as following the traditional Sámi lifestyle. The Mountain Sámi had to pay taxes to three states,
12550:"Jikŋon 2 sáhttá oaidnit juo ovdal vuosttaseahkeda – sámegielat filmma ovdačájáhusat aŋkke Anáris, Ohcejogas ja Roavvenjárggas"
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6016:) (1988), film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film; filmed in Norway featuring Sámi actors speaking in Sámi
5700:(1976–present), former vice-president of the Sámi Parliament in Norway, first Sámi woman with a PhD in law, member of the UN
4309:. Due to prolonged contact and import of items foreign to Sámi culture from neighboring Scandinavians, there are a number of
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and Northern Russian dance cultures, likely under the influence of Russian traders, military service under the tsar, and the
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7034:
6691:
6062:(2008), an examination of how the traditions of the Sámi villagers in northern Sweden are confronted with modern-day society
3169:
arrangements, or for tourist groups. While they practice a religion based on that of their ancestors, widespread anti-pagan
868:"found" their food, rather than grew it. This etymology has superseded older speculations that the word might be related to
12465:
6585:
2403:
exploitation by traders and settlers. During the Soviet era, the inhabitants of the Kola tundra were forcibly relocated to
1825:
occurred between 1919 and 1920 in Norway and Sweden. This has been the topic of a recent work of journalism by Sámi author
10247:
8265:
12526:
12431:
6443:
2887:
Many Sámi people continued to practice their religion up until the 18th century. Most Sámi today belong to the state-run
2700:
its relations with the Sámi in the Universal Periodic Review conducted by the Working Group of the Human Rights Council.
15066:
11978:
11585:"The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic "Outliers" Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes"
10776:
10720:
7587:
15875:
12633:
9579:
8494:
6274:
3021:
2290:
In 2010, after 15 years of negotiation, Laponiatjuottjudus, an association with Sámi majority control, will govern the
1285:. This can be confusing for foreign visitors because of the similar lives Finns and Sámi people live today in Lapland.
985:"Lapland" (possibly meaning "wilderness in the north"), the original meaning being unknown. It is unknown how the word
10465:
1617:
15830:
13047:
12246:
11826:
11707:
10157:
9253:
8597:
8214:
8209:
8144:
7673:
7636:
6103:(2009), in which the filmmaker finds out that her mother has been hiding her Arctic Indigenous Sámi heritage from her
3930:
2476:
1772:
1363:
from 1600 to 1500 BC later "became" the Sámi. The Sámi people arrived in their current homeland some time during the
424:
11228:
Corson, David (1995). "Norway's "Sámi Language Act": Emancipatory Implications for the World's Aboriginal Peoples".
8659:
3634:
Among the reindeer herders in Sámi villages, the women usually have a higher level of formal education in the area.
3537:(ecstasy dance) described in sources from the 16th and 17th centuries, but which was adapted by Swedish–Sámi priest
3000:, since by his own admission, they contained only a small percentage of what had existed. The fragments were termed
2955:. Some practices within the Sámi religion include natural sacred sites such as mountains, springs, land formations,
1941:
during the winter months, when snow is deep. The logging has been under the control of the state-run forest system.
1057:
were originally used in Sweden and Finland and, through Swedish, adopted by many major European languages: English:
676:, though the precise route is debated and proposals usually involve complex processes of borrowing and reborrowing.
15845:
15840:
15835:
14123:
11725:
11548:"Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe: Table 1 Sample information"
11288:
9834:
6131:(2013), features a major character named Kristoff who wears clothing resembling Sámi attire and has a pet reindeer.
3170:
11796:
11758:
10808:
10680:
10409:
10353:
6873:
1750:
1550:
1343:
in Europe. The speakers of Finnic and Sámi languages have their roots in the middle and upper Volga region in the
9358:"Tundra Disturbance Studies, III: Short-term Effects of Aeolian Sand and Dust, Yamal Region, Northwest Siberia".
8461:
6154:
6139:(2019), features the forest tribe known as the Northuldra, which is based on the Sámi people, and the theme song
6111:(2016), crime series which revolves around Sámi culture and conflicts of Sámi culture with modern Swedish society
4167:
and the Norwegian Sámi Parliament's department of culture and environment. The first Sámi to be elected into the
1802:
11508:
10121:, Trans. Börje Vähämäki, Aspasia Books, Beaverton, Ont. Canada. (2002), p.24 (introduction by Juha Pentikäinen).
10054:
Willumsen, L.H. (1997). "Witches of the high north: The Finnmark witchcraft trials in the seventeenth century".
9099:
7967:
7078:
6405:
5763:
5506:
1909:
15358:
12659:
11675:
Larsen, Peter. "Individual and type: Early ethnographic photography". Norway: University of Bergen. p. 54.
10117:
7141:
6784:
5912:
2996:
1754:
639:
12602:
9765:
8025:
3646:
considered such games sinful. Only the rules of three Sámi board games have been preserved into modern times.
3461:
is located in Kautokeino. Sámi language is studied in several universities in all countries, most notably the
15695:
15428:
14844:
14772:
13981:
12867:
12852:
12576:
12488:
12348:
11379:
10282:
8078:
7972:
6963:
3455:
Education with Sámi as the first language is available in all four countries, and also outside the Sámi area.
2072:
472:. The region of Sápmi was formerly known as Lapland, and the Sámi have historically been known in English as
13491:
9505:
6622:
5575:
5537:
5323:
3998:
3917:
3370:
2727:
Although the Sámi have considered themselves to be one people throughout history, the idea of Sápmi, a Sámi
2317:
1818:
15850:
15384:
13040:
12989:
8739:
6024:, a 1999 documentary about the scientific racism and racial classification movement carried out on the Sámi
5616:
5580:
5135:
875:
As Old Norse gradually developed into the separate Scandinavian languages, Swedes apparently took to using
17:
13462:
12711:"Ancient DNA Reveals Lack of Continuity between Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers and Contemporary Scandinavians"
12297:
10876:
10548:
10309:
9645:
Kirchner, Stefan (2020). "Cross-Border Forms of Animal Use by Indigenous Peoples". In Peters, Anne (ed.).
7902:
7557:
Skalleberg Gjerde, Hege (2009). "Samiske tufter i Hallingdal?" [Sami foundations in Hallingdal?].
4899:
who traditionally lived by combining fishing in inland rivers and lakes with small-scale reindeer-herding.
2582:
2551:
2280:
2157:
2119:
1873:) of the Sámi people were created. In 1989, the first Sámi parliament in Norway was elected. In 2005, the
15668:
11135:
10435:
8632:(Report). Vol. 66th Session, Supplement No. 28 (A/66/18). New York: United Nations. pp. 72–78.
5797:
5079:
5020:
4019:
in 1852 is one of the few Sámi rebellions against the Norwegian government's oppression against the Sámi.
3683:"Hnefatafl" and marketed exclusively as "Norse" or "Viking" games) are based on the Sámi game of tablut.
3053:
usually refers to the traditional religion, practiced by most Sámi until approximately the 18th century.
11409:
10087:
9727:
9442:(Report). New York: United Nations, Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. 19–30 April 2010. p. 19.
8942:[The Sámi Act: Act 1987-06-12 no. 56: Act on the Sámi Parliament and other Sámi legal matters].
8174:
7030:
6217:
In Norway, there is no clear legal definition of who is Sámi. Therefore, exact numbers are not possible.
4215:
due to the forced cultural assimilation, but still consider themselves Sámi. Other identity markers are
3949:(Hattfjelldal) is a southern Sámi center with a Southern Sámi-language school and a Sámi culture center.
1687:. Around 1500, they started to tame these animals into herding groups, becoming the well-known reindeer
12823:
12101:
11637:
9861:
9615:
9159:"Jouni E. Länsman et al. v. Finland, Communication No. 671/1995, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/58/D/671/1995 (1996)"
8939:
7459:
Cultural Identity in Transition: Contemporary Conditions, Practices and Politics of a Global Phenomenon
7116:
International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences Commission on Nomadic Peoples (1983).
5922:
4249:
of Russia. The Sámi in Russia were forced by the Soviet authorities to relocate to a collective called
3767:
2291:
12224:
6406:"Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000"
5091:
4002:
3743:
3458:
1711:, causing many Sámis to emigrate from the area to avoid forced labour. As a result, the population of
1359:, and even further to the east and to the southeast. The groups of these peoples that ended up in the
15570:
15423:
13846:
12815:
11051:
10668:
Dablot prejjesne och dablot duoljesne. Tvänne lappska spel från Frostviken, förklarade och avbildade.
9586:
9436:
9258:
7752:
6900:
6813:
6590:
5750:
5524:
5451:(1913–1999), Sámi joiker and artist. Also noted for being part of the resistance movement during WW2.
5424:
5353:
5287:
4916:
4862:
Northern Sápmi (Northern, Lule and Pite Sámi in most of northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland)
4250:
4106:
3946:
3880:
2408:
2396:
1830:
1387:
1383:
11104:
11072:
10522:
9886:
9233:
8379:
8342:
7884:
7063:
6366:
4965:
4761:
4722:
4683:
4644:
4598:
4556:
4519:
4514:
4472:
4430:
4391:
4386:
4226:
All the Nordic Sámi Parliaments have included as the "core" criterion for registering as a Sámi the
4028:
3974:
3936:
3134:
3130:
532:
15733:
15398:
14401:
13276:
12194:
11198:
7411:
6074:
4164:
3350:
1920:) a group of Indigenous and non-Indigenous activists protested against the UK-based mining company
824:
15825:
13484:
12861:
10274:
9926:
7866:
Johansen, Harry; Olsen, Torill (2010). "Kasta på land (Forced Ashore)". Norway: SIL International.
2791:
2283:
on 1 January 1993. In 1998, Sweden formally apologized for the wrongs committed against the Sámi.
1670:
contemporary times, there are also ongoing consultations between the Government of Norway and the
15453:
14146:
12606:
12314:
12280:
12067:
12003:
11583:
Tambets, Kristiina; Rootsi, Siiri; Kivisild, Toomas; Help, Hela; Serk, Piia; et al. (2004).
10937:
9968:
9163:
7533:
7523:
7433:
6697:
6196:
5736:
5663:
5068:
4945:
4178:
3994:
3558:
3495:
2892:
2707:'s territory is owned by the governments (crown land) or by the Sámi population is not answered.
2179:
1743:
1638:
1626:
710:
385:
10906:
7346:"The Arrival of Siberian Ancestry Connecting the Eastern Baltic to Uralic Speakers further East"
6190:
6044:(2007), made for the United Nations, a documentary about land rights disputes in Finnish Lapland
5691:
5329:
4766:
4649:
3462:
3391:
3185:
inventions that Christian missionaries taught their ancestors, such as readings from the Bible.
1570:, had access to the major European trade routes so that, in addition to marginal farming in the
1049:, although these are considered derogatory terms by some, while others accept at least the name
15870:
15214:
15043:
13792:
13000:
10579:
9553:
8467:[We live in a nuclear dumpster: Why the indigenous people of the North are dying out].
8241:
6380:
6119:(2016), a movie chronicling the life of a Sámi girl taken into a Swedish boarding school to be
6008:
5260:(1861–1921), Arctic explorer—one of the first people to cross Greenland on skis (together with
5210:
4953:
4286:
4116:
4090:
3624:
3062:
2912:
2840:
2627:
2325:
2138:
1973:
1437:
562:
495:
13595:
11547:
9788:
7221:
6895:
6244:"Our data support that the Neolithic PWC foragers are largely genetically continuous to SHG."
5907:
5184:
4688:
4603:
3825:
3727:
in Finland. Much of Sápmi falls outside of those provinces. Despite the terms use in tourism,
2991:
2570:
2362:
304:
99:
15865:
15506:
15219:
15190:
15127:
13072:
12764:
11691:
11552:
11091:
11059:
10387:
10124:
8366:
8329:
7871:
7852:
7283:
7166:
7050:
6482:
6361:
6020:
5973:
5819:
5685:
5620:
5052:
4980:
4949:
4234:
4058:
4052:
4006:
3964:
3952:
3499:
3181:
In 2012, County Governor of Troms approved Shamanic Association of Tromsø as a new religion.
3058:
2943:, enables ritual communication with the supernatural through the use of tools such as drums,
2807:
2369:
aboriginal rights or land rights to the Sámi people; in Finland, non-Sámi can herd reindeer.
1866:
1865:
in 1979 brought Sámi rights onto the political agenda. In August 1986, the national anthem ("
1700:
1403:
1332:
31:
11046:
Kuokkanen, Rauna (2003). "Survivance in Sami and First Nations Boarding School Narratives".
9793:. Oxford University Press. pp. 133–141 Finnic and Other Non-Indo-European Mythologies.
9104:
8629:
7935:
6324:
6078:(2008), feature film that concerns the ethnic-religious Sámi revolt in Guovdageaidnu of 1852
4841:
4477:
4435:
4150:
3852:
2196:
as the basic institution regarding land rights, organization, and daily herding management.
947:
15860:
15653:
15264:
14478:
12777:
12371:
10959:
9437:
Report on indigenous fishing rights in the seas with case studies from Australia and Norway
9411:
7849:
Report of UNPFII – Ninth Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
7753:
Report on indigenous fishing rights in the seas with case studies from Australia and Norway
7292:
6630:
6329:
5823:
5651:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5218:
5124:
5116:
4961:
4160:
4016:
3538:
3141:
3118:
3093:
1328:
943:
13207:
11530:
Fjeld, Faith; Muus, Nathan. "Following the Reindeer: an Inuit-Sami Chronology in Alaska".
11020:
10216:
An Account of the Sámi: A Translation of Muitalus Sámiid Birra, Based on the Sámi Original
9476:
9018:
8627:
6955:
5979:
4727:
4561:
2785:
1386:), which later became extinct. However, these languages left traces in the Sámi language (
501:
Traditionally, the Sámi have pursued a variety of livelihoods, including coastal fishing,
8:
15521:
15511:
15498:
15316:
15209:
15195:
9931:
7940:
7907:
7662:
Sandnes, Jørn (1981). "Settlement and Development in the Late Middle Ages c. 1300–1540".
6120:
5892:
5853:
5827:
5518:
5131:
4944:
is the municipality with the largest Sámi population. The Sámi are in a majority only in
4272:
3988:
3981:
festival is held in Gáivuotna. The municipality has a Sámi-language center and hosts the
3903:
3845:
3612:
3321:
2983:
2578:
2268:
1822:
1600:
1493:
1446:
1344:
1116:
1018:
848:
The etymology is somewhat uncertain, but the consensus seems to be that it is related to
527:
12781:
7296:
6306:
5681:
5478:
2539:
2321:
2211:
ILO Convention No. 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries
1562:
in northern Norway in 1349, the Sámi and the Norwegians occupied very separate economic
1500:
county until around 1500, when they started moving south, reaching the area around Lake
1254:
is a common element in Norwegian (particularly Northern Norwegian) place names, whereas
748:
15880:
15804:
15728:
15673:
15565:
15492:
15408:
14915:
13857:
13020:
12798:
12759:
12741:
12710:
11956:
11948:
11609:
11584:
11261:
11253:
9709:
9668:
7380:
7345:
7321:
7279:"Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe"
7278:
7135:
6181:
6127:
5992:
5927:
5697:
5669:
5315:
5172:
5032:
4869:
It should also be noted that many Sámi now live outside Sápmi, in large cities such as
4310:
4306:
4163:(Nesseby) is an important center for the Sea Sámi culture. It is also the site for the
3653:
3399:
2175:
2022:
1846:
in northern Finland and northern Norway in 1944–45, destroying all existing houses, or
1647:
1506:
1092:
445:
349:
13941:
10135:
9527:
6036:) (2002), film set during World War II with a Sámi woman as one of the main characters
5638:
4128:
3876:
3783:
3611:
helped each other with the management and husbandry of the herds. During the years of
2272:
2001:
brought attention to not only environmental issues but also the issue of Sámi rights.
1953:
1793:
For long periods of time, the Sámi lifestyle thrived because of its adaptation to the
1671:
1666:), who continued to hunt reindeer and small-game animals. They later herded reindeer.
1522:
15439:
15433:
15413:
15369:
15180:
14922:
13418:
12966:
12948:
12934:
12920:
12906:
12831:
12803:
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12695:
12176:
11960:
11881:
11845:
11614:
11265:
11245:
10748:
10504:
10325:
10220:
10022:
9995:
9865:
9794:
9713:
9672:
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9127:
9074:
8877:
8852:
8777:
8593:
8525:
8442:
7669:
7537:
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7437:
7385:
7367:
7326:
7308:
7200:
7084:
6936:
6788:
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6301:
6028:
6001:
5232:
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4337:
4302:
4227:
3958:
3813:
3789:
3724:
3590:
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2768:
The motif (shown right) was derived from the shaman's drum and the poem "Päiven Pārne
2451:
2335:
2238:
2126:
1862:
1537:
1510:
1132:
138:
14069:
13567:
13532:
13527:
13032:
12435:
11000:
9158:
8909:
8740:"Church of Sweden apologizes, embarks on reconciliation with Indigenous Sámi people"
5839:
5224:
5072:
4829:
Darkened area represents municipalities that recognize Sámi as an official language.
4279:
4262:
4066:
3801:
3354:
2940:
2928:
2867:
2855:
2328:
representative, became the first Sámi ever to be elected to the Finnish Parliament.
2034:
Peninsula, often with little concern for the surrounding environment or population.
569:
words. As of around 2014, the current consensus among specialists was that the word
491:
441:
369:
295:
15794:
15658:
15516:
15460:
15244:
15117:
14968:
14734:
14541:
14043:
13999:
13972:
13064:
12793:
12785:
12736:
12728:
12634:"Ann-Helen Laestadius' Novel 'Stolen' Getting Netflix Adaptation – Global Bulletin"
12166:
12131:
12033:
11940:
11909:
11604:
11596:
11237:
10496:
10383:
10317:
10063:
9699:
9650:
9044:
8690:
8434:
8260:
7648:
7430:
Ancient Scandinavia: An Archaeological History from the First Humans to the Vikings
7425:
7375:
7359:
7316:
7300:
6999:
6989:
6932:
6757:
6661:
6086:
5881:
5657:
5586:
5469:(1951–1987), influential American jazz musician, composer and electric bass player.
5448:
5247:(1958–present) Born in Buolbmat. A University Researcher, artist, cofounder of DAT.
5206:
5048:
4298:
4062:
3978:
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3628:
3579:
3570:
3542:
3476:
3422:
3114:
3081:
3038:
2952:
2896:
2547:
2163:
The Sámi people shall decide the area of activity of the Norwegian Sámi Parliament.
2077:
2056:
1998:
1926:
1858:
1708:
1587:
1563:
1518:
1413:
1360:
1219:
1140:
1124:
1100:
1004:
865:
820:
721:
622:
611:
589:
574:
510:
401:
357:
353:
345:
13897:
13810:
13748:
13686:
13665:
13547:
13237:
13222:
12171:
12154:
10310:"The Shamanic Festival Isogaisa (Norway): Religious Meaning-Making in the Present"
8940:"Sameloven: LOV 1987-06-12 nr 56: Lov om Sametinget og andre samiske rettsforhold"
8603:
8438:
6554:
5845:
5833:
5783:
5768:
5199:
4928:
the Sámi Parliament in Norway. The bulk of the Sámi live in Finnmark and Northern
3977:(Kåfjord, Troms) is an important center for the Sea-Sámi culture. Each summer the
2562:
2530:
2447:
336:
320:
77:
68:
15799:
15748:
15723:
15643:
15599:
15547:
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15081:
15028:
15008:
15003:
14988:
14945:
14881:
14719:
14704:
14485:
13819:
13436:
13027:
12887:
12773:
12715:
12091:
Tailfeathers, Elle Máijá. "Biography & Filmography". Elle Máijá Tailfeathers.
10990:
10214:
9296:
8983:
8358:
8002:
7350:
7022:
6147:
5951:
5933:
5917:
5592:
5414:
5382:
5301:
5261:
4094:
3795:
3442:
3387:(An Account of the Sámi), released in 1910 with text in Northern Sámi and Danish.
3215:
2979:
2773:
2466:
2218:
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2186:
2185:
The Norwegian Sámi Parliament also elects 50% of the members to the board of the
2026:
1826:
1262:
1108:
1070:
1026:
879:
to refer to inhabitants of what is now Finland, while the Sámi came to be called
772:
13920:
13522:
12457:
9654:
9226:"Indigenous rights in Russia: Is title to land essential for cultural survival?"
8321:
8238:"Campaign for Northern Forests by Indigenous Sami Ended Successfully in Finland"
5966:
5641:(1969), Oscar-winning actress whose Norwegian mother is of partial Sámi descent.
4220:
4208:
3763:
2916:
2676:
2018:
and ecosystem and the characteristic ways of life of Indigenous Arctic peoples.
1306:
1231:
15713:
15703:
15403:
15363:
15329:
15298:
15291:
15229:
15155:
15132:
15061:
14998:
14973:
14724:
14604:
14492:
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14254:
14249:
13799:
13185:
13142:
12789:
11827:"Språk- historie- och kristendomsundervisning i Sveriges nomadskolor 1913–1962"
10670:
Etnologiska Studier tillägnade Nils Edvard Hammarsted 3/3 (Göteborg). pp. 35–47
10461:
9013:
7497:
7304:
5803:
5466:
5436:
5369:
5295:
5134:. The Pitted Ware culture are in turn genetically continuous with the original
5104:
5078:
Some of these Sámi immigrants and descendants of immigrants are members of the
5071:
designed to teach the Inuit about reindeer herding. There is a long history of
4920:
4246:
4212:
4207:
several Sámi languages and additional dialects, and there are several areas in
4134:
3940:
3913:
3864:
3620:
3491:
3485:
3261:
3145:
2631:
2543:
2480:
2455:
2437:
1921:
1839:
1696:
1582:
1559:
1489:
1395:
1078:
1062:
1009:, who referred to 'the two Lappias', although he still referred to the Sámi as
465:
13711:
13628:
13600:
13589:
13212:
12732:
12518:
11241:
10321:
10067:
9958:
7363:
5809:
5772:
5096:
4833:
4035:
3199:
2758:
480:, but these terms are regarded as offensive by the Sámi, who prefer their own
308:
300:
114:
15819:
15738:
15689:
15575:
15536:
15531:
15487:
15376:
15311:
15306:
15284:
15259:
15239:
15122:
15023:
15018:
15013:
14993:
14908:
14901:
14887:
14709:
14690:
14685:
14672:
14562:
14555:
14430:
14321:
14290:
13934:
13441:
13426:
13115:
13011:
12180:
11974:
11249:
10786:
10508:
9704:
9687:
8240:. Gáldu: Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Archived from
7583:
7525:
Lapps and Labyrinths: Saami Prehistory, Colonization, and Cultural Resilience
7371:
7312:
7199:] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura. p. 104.
7083:. Summer Institute of Linguistics. SIL International. pp. 54, 688, 695.
6940:
6054:) (2007), a Mushkeg Media documentary about the state of aboriginal languages
5813:
5791:
5744:
5726:
5632:
5488:
5460:
5454:
5365:
3759:
3719:
as there is considerable regional overlap between Sápmi and the provinces of
3675:
3643:
3546:
3207:
3097:
3061:
missionaries as early as the 13th century. Increased pressure came after the
2639:
2509:
2429:
2331:
2294:
2170:
1806:
1199:
996:
381:
259:
14037:
13837:
13826:
13778:
13730:
13612:
13542:
13537:
12660:"Netflix Greenlights Film Adaptation Of Ann-Helén Laestadius Novel 'Stolen'"
10712:
8498:
6381:"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"
6266:
6158:
5694:(born 1947), politician and academic; member of the Finnish Sámi Parliament.
5500:
5146:
4865:
Southern Sápmi (Ume and Southern Sámi in central parts of Sweden and Norway)
3748:
3417:
3412:
3316:
2358:
2354:
1832:
The Rocks Will Echo Our Sorrow: The Forced Displacement of the Northern Sámi
328:
108:
15789:
15526:
15112:
15033:
14983:
14958:
14829:
14814:
14809:
14799:
14680:
14624:
14528:
14515:
14450:
14362:
14357:
14343:
14192:
14030:
13873:
13785:
13431:
13398:
13380:
13338:
13125:
13110:
13006:
12962:
12807:
12750:
11618:
11342:"Gákti and Instagram: How Oslo's Young Sámis Face Tradition and Urban Life"
10580:"Mental health problems among the Swedish reindeer-herding Sami population"
10457:
8462:"My zhivem na yadernoy pomoyke: Pochemu vymirayut korennyye narody Severa"
8446:
7622:
7389:
7330:
6956:"The Early Period of Sámi History, from the Beginnings to the 16th Century"
6165:
5946:
5626:
5430:
5257:
5238:
5040:
5008:
3712:
3175:
3102:
3054:
2924:
2419:
1874:
1851:
1785:
1704:
1692:
1442:
502:
373:
38:
14115:
14059:
13952:
13757:
13670:
13660:
13606:
13227:
13217:
12996:
12250:
11944:
8204:
6765:
6070:(2008), a documentary about land rights disputes in reindeer grazing areas
5619:, Canadian filmmaker, Indigenous rights activist, and actress of Sámi and
4937:
4267:
4112:
4022:
4011:
3868:
3856:
3833:
2895:, and similarly, some Skolt Sámi resettled in Finland are also part of an
2891:
churches of Norway, Sweden and Finland. Some Sámi in Russia belong to the
2740:
2407:(collective communities) by the state; most Sámi were settled at Lujávri (
2232:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
1989:
in Sámi districts falling outside the new quota system to a large degree.
1870:
1716:
1712:
1497:
1297:
is the most commonly used word nowadays, especially in official contexts.
324:
316:
312:
129:
90:
86:
15779:
15769:
15708:
15625:
15447:
15343:
15201:
15038:
14978:
14894:
14834:
14819:
14714:
14457:
14367:
14259:
14164:
14095:
13961:
13265:
13257:
13120:
11711:
11498:
9688:"The Rise of Indigenous (Pluri-)Nationalism: The Case of the Sámi People"
8769:
8621:
7161:
6107:
5714:
5554:
5494:
5472:
5341:
5271:
5141:
4065:. Other important Sámi institutions are located in Kárášjohka, including
3899:
3656:
3126:
3073:
In Norway, a major effort to convert the Sámi was made around 1720, when
2888:
1934:
1913:
1843:
1651:
1417:
1379:
1352:
1261:
Terminological issues in Finnish are somewhat different. Finns living in
959:
920:
842:
377:
15886:
Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East
13771:
13691:
13633:
13403:
13247:
13242:
11952:
11733:
11340:
Puumalainen, Janne; Savolainen, Anni; Tuulonen, Hanna (10 August 2017).
10649:(Revised ed.). New York: Dover Publications, p. 77; Helmfrid, S. (2005).
10500:
9826:
9345:
Aboriginal Peoples and the Law: Indian, Metis and Inuit rights in Canada
6863:
6846:
Uralic peoples: information on Finnish mother tongues and their speakers
5957:
Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East
4991:
4137:
is the center for the Skolt Sámi of Norway, which have their own museum
4079:
3337:
There are short daily news bulletins in Northern Sámi on national TV in
2535:
340:
332:
15648:
15581:
15555:
15541:
15336:
15234:
15175:
14868:
14824:
14644:
14634:
14349:
14295:
14100:
14064:
14008:
13716:
13390:
13367:
13343:
12724:
11750:
11257:
10690:
10345:
10112:
8694:
7247:[The spread of the Sámi languages to Finland and Scandinavia].
6808:
6115:
5442:
5404:
5392:
5347:
5305:
5283:
5244:
5195:
5164:
5028:
4896:
4793:
3875:
there is a relatively large and active Sámi minority. According to the
3679:
3436:
3380:
3325:
3231:
3157:
Today there are a number of Sámi who seek to return to the traditional
2960:
2908:
2305:
1942:
1757: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1526:
1421:
1409:
1391:
1375:
1364:
1356:
1209:
46:
42:
10219:. Translated by DuBois, Thomas A. Kárášjohka, Norway: ČálliidLágádus.
9475:. Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Archived from
6173:
5228:
5130:
The Sámi have been found to be genetically unrelated to people of the
4340:
published in 1997 an estimate of Sámi population and their languages.
1431:
1245:
15784:
15614:
15589:
15468:
15322:
15185:
15150:
14857:
14742:
14696:
14548:
14444:
14436:
14310:
14305:
14205:
14177:
13408:
13355:
13318:
13310:
13150:
13137:
13132:
13088:
13081:
9009:"General Assembly adopts declaration on rights of indigenous peoples"
7632:
6135:
5961:
5675:
5560:
5546:
5386:
5335:
5120:
5016:
5004:
4198:
4172:
4043:
3690:
3585:
3554:
3508:
3428:
A characteristic feature of Sámi musical tradition is the singing of
3332:(An Account of the Sámi), the first book published in a Sámi language
3235:
3228:
3066:
2964:
2932:
2835:
2795:
2089:
2085:
1470:
1187:
990:
849:
13906:
7992:
7990:
5565:
3711:
Sápmi is located in Northern Europe, includes the northern parts of
3661:
3648:
3607:, which consist of several families and their herds. Members of the
3398:, a novel of the Sámi in Sweden. It was adapted into a Netflix film
3161:
values of their ancestors. There are also some Sámi who claim to be
2790:
The Sámi National Day falls on 6 February as this date was when the
2415:
of Indigenous minorities were established in the 1993 Constitution.
1732:
1319:
15609:
15418:
15224:
15104:
15097:
14852:
14804:
14786:
14757:
14659:
14629:
14471:
14465:
14409:
14265:
14235:
14225:
14198:
14184:
14170:
13446:
13330:
13286:
13167:
13156:
12610:
11600:
10248:"See review and summary in "Indian Country Today" January 26, 2023"
9757:
8630:
Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
8628:
U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (2011).
8464:Мы живем на ядерной помойке: Почему вымирают коренные народы Севера
7629:
In Northern Mists: Daily Life in the North in the Sixteenth Century
7624:
In Northern Mists: Dagligt Liv i Norden i det sekstende Aarhundrede
7224:[The diversity of nomenclature flows directed to Finland].
6091:
5875:
5800:(1980–present), a motocross sportsman who invented the "underflip".
5718:
5398:
5108:
5044:
5024:
4933:
4886:
some parts of the Nordic countries, can be practiced by Sámis only.
4168:
3872:
3841:
3837:
3807:
3777:
3694:
3594:
3575:
3158:
2845:
2668:
2501:
2377:
2061:
1878:
1684:
1571:
1475:
1458:
1368:
898:
890:
506:
13988:
13866:
13764:
13552:
13098:
12344:
12064:"Amoc is rapping the Sámi language onto the map — Virtual Finland"
11532:
11503:
11371:
9758:"Hyvää saamen lipun päivää! Tiedätkö mitä värikäs lippu kuvastaa?"
9580:
Draft report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review
6842:
Uralilaiset kansat: tietoa suomen sukukielistä ja niiden puhujista
4099:
3968:
3706:
3494:. Among the most festive are the Easter festivals taking place in
3362:
3278:
3255:
3243:
2391:
2310:
1961:
669:, is also thought probably to derive ultimately from Proto-Baltic
522:
449:
15764:
15743:
15663:
15604:
15560:
15086:
15054:
15048:
14953:
14935:
14930:
14762:
14654:
14619:
14614:
14609:
14523:
14415:
14328:
14300:
14230:
14220:
14212:
13350:
13302:
13296:
13161:
12892:
11401:
10930:"The Saami: An ancient population on the northern edge of Europe"
9963:
9501:
9156:
8519:
8114:"Sweden: Ongoing Road Blockade Against Mining in Saami Territory"
7987:
6872:] (in Swedish). Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag. p. 397.
6687:
6634:
6186:
6177:(2023), the first feature-length film in the Skolt Sámi language.
5376:
5151:
5060:
4705:
4620:
4417:
4216:
4144:
4086:
3895:
3883:. 75% of Sámi under the age of 10 live outside the Sápmi region.
3860:
3755:
3346:
3292:
3273:
3166:
3122:
3017:
2972:
2920:
2762:
2635:
2605:
The main organisations for Sámi representation in Sweden are the
2593:
The main organisations for Sámi representation in Norway are the
2404:
1605:
1514:
1465:
1399:
1394:, the Sámi occupied the area along the coast of Finnmark and the
1348:
814:
784:
585:
566:
481:
461:
279:
223:
13913:
11432:"Saamelaisten lukumäärä vuoden 2019 Saamelaiskäräjien vaaleissa"
10106:
9249:"Multiculturalism Policies in Contemporary Democracies: Finland"
7148:
3242:(burl cups). Women used leather and roots to make items such as
1660:), who fished extensively off the coast, and the Mountain Sámi (
1311:
15718:
15619:
15594:
15254:
15249:
15091:
15076:
14780:
14649:
14639:
14599:
14570:
14533:
14509:
14501:
14422:
14338:
14315:
14272:
13451:
13375:
13291:
13232:
13015:
12984:
11931:
Svonni, Mikael (2011). "Johan Turi: First Author of the Sámi".
11632:"Esihistorian vuosiluvut, ajoitukset ja kronologia, Carpelan".
11469:"Population and Society: Population by language on 31 December"
11434:[Number of Sámi in the 2019 Sámi Parliament elections]
10777:"Saamelaiskäräjät vaatii Ylelle lisää saamenkielistä tarjontaa"
10666:
Greenwood publishing group. pp. 101–102; Keyland, Nils (1921).
10556:
5722:
5595:(1940), actor of Norwegian parentage; his grandmother was Sámi.
5573:), which was nominated for an Academy Award, and the 2008 film
5408:
5319:
4996:
4783:
4744:
4666:
4629:
4625:
4590:
4583:
4578:
4541:
4536:
4499:
4494:
4457:
4452:
4413:
4408:
4290:
3670:
3465:, which considers Sámi a mother tongue, not a foreign language.
3342:
3338:
3269:
3265:
3220:
3194:
3106:
2956:
2936:
2877:
2728:
2663:
2433:
2055:
Norway has been criticized internationally for the politics of
2009:
1794:
1633:
1622:
1591:
1567:
1501:
1402:
and Finland, which may correspond with the introduction of the
1035:
777:
The first probable historical mention of the Sámi, naming them
469:
457:
453:
241:
205:
187:
13557:
12549:
11810:
Bancel, Nicolas; Blanchard, Pascal; Lemaire, Sandrine (2000).
10427:
9885:
Kasten, Erich (1989). Hoppál, M.; von Sadovszky, O.J. (eds.).
9323:
9321:
8849:
Indigenous Peoples: Self-determination, Knowledge, Indigeneity
4278:
There is no single Sámi language, but a group of ten distinct
3665:
3165:
and offer their services through newspaper advertisements, in
3137:
and Swedish, the language he used for scholarly publications.
3010:
Theory of Prophecy, or short reports about rumorous Sami magic
2754:
2243:
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
2115:
1894:
993:, but one of the first written mentions of the term is in the
731:
703:
694:
677:
664:
647:
633:
626:
15390:
15350:
15278:
15270:
14963:
14876:
14862:
14794:
14752:
14665:
14241:
13105:
13093:
12959:
Liberating Sápmi: Indigenous Resistance in Europe's Far North
12896:
11339:
11021:"UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger"
9959:"Magic mushrooms & Reindeer – Weird Nature – BBC animals"
8709:"Sweden's Sami People to Set up Commission on Discrimination"
8551:
United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe
6544:"Reindeer husbandry – an exclusive Sámi livelihood in Norway"
6151:
5512:
5265:
5168:
5056:
4929:
4190:
3921:
3819:
3603:
3239:
2948:
2899:
congregation, with an additional small population in Norway.
2704:
2684:
2193:
1861:
over the construction of the hydro-electric power station in
1688:
1575:
1454:
1425:
1336:
924:
838:
812:
806:
800:
410:
144:
12917:
The Sami Peoples of the North: A Social and Cultural History
12577:"Disney's 'Frozen 2' thrills Sámi people in northern Europe"
10645:
Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 61; Bell, R. C. (1979).
10460:[The Hunt for the Missing Sami Dance] (in Swedish).
9330:
Northern peoples of Russia on the path to the new millennium
8079:"Mining prospects in arctic Norway also causing controversy"
7793:
7694:
3879:, the Sámi live in 230 municipalities out of a total of 336
2753:
The Sámi flag was inaugurated during the Sámi Conference in
2745:
2189:, which controls 95% of the land in the county of Finnmark.
1604:) from the south was facilitated by the transport of wooden
1398:. This coincides with the arrival of the Siberian genome to
915:), and some northern Norwegians will still occasionally use
124:
15774:
13476:
13177:
12220:
11285:
Gáldu: Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
11134:
Irimoto, Takashi; Yamada, Takako, eds. (20 February 2004).
10487:
Hoppu, Petri (2015). "Rewriting Skolt Sámi Dance History".
9989:
9318:
8579:"Assimilation of the Sami: Implementation and Consequences"
8324:/Vesilind Studios, Uldis Cekulis/Vides Filmu Studija. 2008.
7408:
Galdu: Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
6602:
6144:
5857:
5779:
5704:(EMRIP), rector of the Sámi University of Applied Sciences.
5542:
5482:
5418:
5309:
5274:(1963–present) adventurer, explorer, journalist and author.
5036:
5012:
4941:
4870:
4239:
4001:, a Sámi secondary school and reindeer-herding School, the
3430:
2944:
2881:
2297:. The reindeer-herding law will apply in the area as well.
1882:
whether Sámi or Norwegian, and not to the Norwegian state.
1595:
933:) are a group related to the Sámi, but distinct from them.
416:
12945:
God Wears Many Skins: Myth and Folklore of the Sami People
12247:"Vil ha Lene Marlin som samisk rollemodell – Radio Tromsø"
12155:"Braiding Time: Sami Temporalities for Indigenous Justice"
11868:. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016
9328:
Sulyandziga, P. V.; Murashko, O. A., eds. (1 April 2000).
8768:
8658:. Suingtheqevil.blogspot.ru. 21 March 2013. Archived from
8422:
7781:
7343:
7222:"Suomeen suuntautuneiden nimistövirtausten monimuotoisuus"
5654:(1800–1861), religious reformer, botanist and ethnologist.
2152:
The Sámi Act provides special rights for the Sámi people:
1374:
The Sámi language first developed on the southern side of
887:
at least until the modern era (reflected in toponyms like
858:
797:
were in wide use in ancient times, judging from the names
714:
45:. For the Samis Land Company or the Samis Foundation, see
12903:
Vigilant Ancestor: A World of Secrets Whispered in My Ear
12489:"Mipcom: 10 More Things We Now Know About 'Midnight Sun'"
12004:"Joni Mitchell er same – Troms og Finnmark – NRK Nyheter"
11582:
10964:
10781:
10685:
10526:
8546:"The Sami of Northern Europe: one people, four countries"
8289:"New bombing ranges and their impact on Saami traditions"
8086:
7276:
6668:
6095:
5849:
5171:
tents, weapons, and sleds, beside a group of reindeer at
4940:. Due to recent migration, it has also been claimed that
4932:, but there are also Sámi populations in Southern Troms,
4902:
City Sámi who are now probably the largest group of Sámi.
3967:(Tysfjord) is a center for the Lule-Sámi population. The
2872:
751:, radio and TV stations, theatres, etc.—all use the term
565:
into various grammatical forms. Other Sámi languages use
7730:
7718:
7706:
7602:
5563:(1955–present), film director. Well-known films include
3379:
The first secular book published in a Sámi language was
3360:
A single daily newspaper is published in Northern Sámi,
3152:
2915:.) There is some diversity due to the wide area that is
1908:
designated as ecologically protected areas, such as the
1842:
policy conducted by the German army, resulting in heavy
738:
724:
670:
615:
592:
578:
12691:
Hunters in Transition: An Outline of Early Sámi History
12292:
12290:
10991:
Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development.
9404:
Ponoi River Report: Sport Fishing on the Kola Peninsula
9289:"Siida and traditional Sami reindeer herding knowledge"
8520:
Reetta Toivanen (ed. Norbert Götz; et al. (2003).
7999:"Siida and traditional Sámi reindeer herding knowledge"
6658:
Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon
5150:
Ad for an 1893/1894 ethnological exposition of Sámi in
5123:
in Europe and not found in Finland 1500 years ago) and
3991:(Kiruna), proposed seat of the Swedish Sámi Parliament.
3328:'s illustration of reindeer herding from his 1910 book
2994:
began research on Sámi mythology. His work resulted in
509:. Their best-known means of livelihood is semi-nomadic
12128:"- Ikke halvt, men helt samisk – NRK Sámi Radio – NRK"
11825:
Helgesson, Helena; Ullberg, Maria (17 November 2015).
11809:
11644:
10088:"The Decline of the Sámi People's Indigenous Religion"
8945:
Norwegian Government Security and Service Organisation
8287:
Nellemann, Christian; Vistnes, Ingunn (October 2003).
7155:
Rapp, Ole Magnus; Stein, Catherine (8 February 2008).
6473:
Rapp, Ole Magnus; Stein, Catherine (8 February 2008).
5142:
History of scientific research carried out on the Sámi
4271:
E.W. Borg alphabet book, published in 1859 in Finnish-
3593:, owned by the Sámi community and used especially for
3246:(clothing), and birch- and spruce-root woven baskets.
2801:
2682:
Owning land within the borders or being a member of a
13062:
11710:. The Local: Sweden's News in English. Archived from
11313:[Sami Parliament Electoral Rolls 1989–2021].
9528:"FINLEX ® – Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: 14.9.1990/848"
7819:] (in Norwegian). Vol. 1–2: 1751–1822. 1758.
6693:
Germania: Translated with Introduction and Commentary
5684:(1975–present), politician. The first Sámi member of
4253:/Lujávri, in the central part of the Kola Peninsula.
2004:
1291:
is also a common family name in Finland. In Finnish,
425:
407:
12287:
11656:
10489:
Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings
8980:
Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
8906:
Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
8018:"Dossier: mining the Arctic – Geographical Magazine"
7245:"Saamen kielten leviäminen Suomeen ja Skandinaviaan"
5702:
Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
5635:(1979), Norwegian filmmaker of Finnish Sámi descent.
5167:. Sámi people were exhibited with their traditional
4301:
language family, linguistically related to Finnish,
3541:, who brought it and other Sámi traditions into the
3446:
stems) and hand drums (frame drums and bowl drums).
2205:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1532:
973:(plural) perhaps of Finnish origin; compare Finnish
12402:"Herdswoman | Alexander Street, a ProQuest Company"
11014:
11012:
11010:
9992:
Sami potatoes: living with reindeer and perestroika
9327:
8715:. Washington, D.C. Associated Press. 12 June 2020.
8495:"Protests against the exploitation of Sámi culture"
8175:"Shtokman Natural Gas Project, Barents Sea, Russia"
7760:
United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
5433:(1982–present), performer, musician and radio host.
5427:(1960–present), actor, composer, and folk musician.
3434:. Joiks are song-chants and are traditionally sung
2849:
2813:
1650:. With such massive population drops caused by the
1441:the Sámi primarily lived in the inland of northern
1432:
Relationship between the Sámi and the Scandinavians
1034:The Sámi are often known in other languages by the
556:
550:
544:
485:
413:
404:
11404:[Statistics from the Sámi Voting Record].
10651:Hnefatafl: The Strategic Board Game of the Vikings
10400:
10190:(in Northern Sami). YLE Sámi Radio. Archived from
7996:
6735:"THE STEMS est AND finn IN SOME OLD ENGLISH WORDS"
6512:was in focus for the first day of the trial].
4325:; in Finland, the name of the language is spelled
2346:though several cases have been brought before the
2046:
1829:, translated into English in 2023 under the title
1275:, whereas the similar word for the Sámi people is
923:to distinguish them from the Sámi "Finns". Ethnic
709:. In one proposal, this Finnish word comes from a
452:, which today encompasses large northern parts of
12760:"The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region"
12568:
11122:Northern minority languages: Problems of survival
9400:
9271:
9230:Georgetown International Environmental Law Review
7556:
7193:Homo Fennicus – Itämerensuomalaisten etnohistoria
7077:Grimes, Barbara F.; Grimes, Joseph Evans (2000).
6857:
6855:
6504:Sternlund, Hans; Haupt, Inger (6 November 2017).
6439:"National composition of population, 2001 census"
6359:[Parliament – Written question 20/2009].
5747:(1943–present) musician and painter. Unconfirmed.
5290:, a Sámi writer, musician and artist from Finland
5178:
4986:
2876:Copper etching (1767) by O.H. von Lode showing a
543:Speakers of Northern Sámi refer to themselves as
15817:
12822:. Institute of the History of Material Culture,
11886:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
11850:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
11832:. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015
11824:
11797:"Samis Want Bones Returned from Swedish Museums"
11007:
10316:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. 234–246.
9887:"Sámi Shamanism from a Diachronic Point of View"
9410:. Circumpolar Conservation Union. Archived from
9312:Land Reform in Russia: Legal Theory and Practice
8874:Terra Ultima: a short history of Finnish Lapland
8286:
7197:Homo Fennicus – Ethnohistory of the Baltic Finns
6581:"Sami reindeer-herders today: Image or reality?"
5407:(1988–present), rapper, singer, joik. Member of
4093:(Porsanger) municipality is the location of the
2617:In contrast to Norway and Sweden, in Finland, a
2160:elected by and amongst the Sámis" (Chapter 1–2).
1581:This socioeconomic balance greatly changed when
37:"Samis" redirects here. For the politician, see
12541:
12027:
12025:
9990:Robinson, Michael; Karim-Aly S. Kassam (1998).
9383:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
9274:Siberian Survival: The Nenets and their story 8
8586:Gáldu Čála: Journal of Indigenous People Rights
8355:
7896:
7894:
6848:] (in Finnish). Juva: WSOY. pp. 39–40.
6506:"Ordet lapp var i fokus första rättegångsdagen"
5589:(1976), Finnish screenwriter and film director.
5344:(1655–1719), the first Sámi poet known by name.
4797:Geographic distribution of the Sámi languages:
2257:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
1805:of the Sámi increased, with some Sámi adopting
1661:
1655:
1166:
1160:
1010:
968:
962:
910:
904:
896:
888:
864:('to find'), the logic being that the Sámi, as
852:
832:
756:
12319:Documentary Educational Resources Online Store
12087:
12085:
10984:
9572:
9219:
9217:
9215:
9213:
9211:
9209:
9207:
8256:"Sami parliament wants veto on mineral issues"
8048:"Blackstone to Mine Reindeer Pastures, Sweden"
7569:
6852:
6503:
5350:(1854–1936), wrote first secular book in Sámi.
3955:(Arjeplog) is the Pite Saami center in Sweden.
1902:
1466:Southern limits of Sámi settlement in the past
1331:are believed to have spread from the original
14131:
13492:
13048:
11133:
10647:Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations
10628:Borvo 2001, p. 33; Depaulis, Thierry (2001),
10373:
10371:
10312:. In Johnson, Greg; Kraft, Siv Ellen (eds.).
9272:Golovnev, Andrei V.; Osherenko, Gail (1999).
9205:
9203:
9201:
9199:
9197:
9195:
9193:
9191:
9189:
9187:
9068:
9066:
8577:Minde, Henry (2005). Ove Varsi, Magne (ed.).
8524:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 205–216.
8111:
7903:"Christianity and the Emerging Nation States"
7865:
7859:
7242:
6998:. Translated by Elton, Oliver. Archived from
6000:) (1952), a Finnish horror drama film set in
5308:priest and poet. Wrote down the mythological
5298:(1929–2006), author, musician, schoolteacher.
5039:and Alaska; and throughout Canada, including
3886:
3855:in Finland consists of the municipalities of
3844:in Swedish Lappland were designated a UNESCO
2423:
2382:
2287:and the pupil has a basic knowledge of Sámi.
1292:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1243:
1237:
1229:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1185:
1179:
1154:
1148:
980:
974:
928:
883:. In Norway, however, Sámi were still called
683:
654:
598:
12022:
11908:(in Norwegian). 29 June 2007. Archived from
11745:
11743:
11116:
11114:
10401:Stinnerbom, Ola; Stålnert, Birgitta (2013).
10158:"Shamanism Approved as a Religion in Norway"
10081:
10079:
10077:
8680:
7891:
7517:
7515:
7076:
6537:
6535:
6189:adaptation of the novel of the same name by
6161:. There is a North Sámi dubbing of the film.
5251:
5213:, Sámi languages and Sámi prehistory at the
4119:people living in Sweden. It is the site for
2506:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway
1850:, and visible traces of Sámi culture. After
14145:
12687:
12153:Buhre, Frida; Bjork, Collin (27 May 2021).
12082:
9401:Robinson, Deborah; Osherenko, Gail (1985).
9246:
9125:
9072:
8871:
8851:. Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. pp. 100–102.
8398:International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry
8052:International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry
7620:
7122:. Commission on Nomadic Peoples. p. 54
6674:
6264:
5880:, the single noble family of Sámi descent (
5794:, Swedish former World Cup alpine ski racer
4983:, the Sámi population of Russia was 1,771.
3939:(Inari Sámi Language Association), and the
3084:, Norway (1565), testifies to this effort.
2902:
2819:
2344:U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
2250:Charter for Regional and Minority Languages
2071:Sweden has faced similar criticism for its
1609:they fared far better than the Norwegians.
1086:
1024:
1016:
1002:
994:
798:
792:
778:
14138:
14124:
13499:
13485:
13055:
13041:
12931:The Sámi People: Traditions in Transitions
12688:Hansen, Lars Ivar; Olsen, Bjørnar (2014).
12434:. Forbiddenknowledgetv.com. Archived from
12152:
11998:
11996:
11708:"University in quest to return Sami bones"
11684:
11682:
11018:
10741:
10643:A History of Board-Games Other than Chess.
10480:
10380:The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Ethnicity
10368:
9377:Y., Aipin (May 1989). "Not by Oil Alone".
9184:
9063:
9041:"Svensk författningssamling: SFS 2009:600"
8899:"The foundation for Norwegian Sámi policy"
7997:Korpijaakko-Mikkel, Sara (22 March 2009).
7813:Kirkebøker, Kvæfjord Sogn, Godfjord Botten
6756:] (in German) (2nd ed.). Leiden:
6322:
6082:Magic Mushrooms and Reindeer: Weird Nature
5613:(1997), Norwegian actress of Sámi descent.
5111:have indicated that the two most frequent
4157:Southern Sámi museum is located in Snåase.
2609:. They cover northern and central Sweden.
2597:. They cover northern and central Norway.
2588:
494:, which are classified as a branch of the
137:
12814:
12797:
12740:
12708:
12600:
12170:
12102:"Kautokeino-opprøret 1852: Læstadianisme"
11779:
11740:
11650:
11608:
11169:"Fant hemmelighetene i lulesamenes språk"
11111:
11045:
10307:
10206:
10074:
10053:
10015:DiPiazza, Francesca Davis (1 July 2010).
9920:
9918:
9827:"Sámi | People, History, & Lifestyle"
9703:
9616:"Sweden's Sami struggle over land rights"
9554:"Frontpage – Senter for Nordlige Folk AS"
9223:
9103:(in Swedish). 3 June 2010. Archived from
9095:"Swedish Sami National Association (SSR)"
8235:
7799:
7787:
7747:
7745:
7736:
7724:
7712:
7700:
7608:
7521:
7512:
7471:
7379:
7320:
7243:Kalmistopiiri, Tekijä (6 February 2020).
7154:
6861:
6778:
6532:
6472:
6357:"Eduskunta – Kirjallinen kysymys 20/2009"
6226:According to the Swedish Sámi parliament.
5976:and the design team BRC Imagination Arts.
5231:, Ume Sámi speaker. Professor emerita in
4876:
4039:Ájtte Museum of the Sámi people, Jokkmokk
3961:(Tana) has a significant Sámi population.
3867:as well as a part of the municipality of
3693:which differs from most such games (e.g.
3211:Beaded belt, knife, and antler needlecase
2495:
2156:"the Sámis shall have their own national
2105:
1801:During the 19th century, the pressure of
1773:Learn how and when to remove this message
12657:
12486:
12369:
11166:
10952:
10458:"Jakten på den försvunna samiska dansen"
10213:Turi, Johan Olafsson (2012). "Preface".
10014:
9644:
9314:. 4 GosuDARSTvo I PRAvo. pp. 46–58.
8142:
7456:
7219:
6926:
6747:
6620:
5778:
5767:
5541:
5521:(1968–present), musician and songwriter.
5364:
5282:
5205:, Finnish-Sámi linguist specializing in
5145:
5095:
4990:
4910:
4850:
4832:
4792:
4266:
4197:
4189:
4042:
4034:
3890:
3754:
3751:(1790–1800), far south in the Sápmi area
3742:
3584:
3574:
3416:
3320:
3277:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3101:
3037:
2978:Sámi religion shares some elements with
2871:
2772:" ("Sons of the Sun") by the South Sámi
2744:
2722:
2662:
2649:
2612:
2600:
2534:
2475:
2446:
2390:
2376:
2330:
2304:
2267:
2169:
2114:
2008:
1952:
1893:
1784:
1632:
1616:
1549:
1536:
1469:
1318:
1310:
1001:by the twelfth-century Danish historian
942:
526:
12757:
12709:Malmström, Helena (24 September 2009).
12631:
12547:
11993:
11866:"Pressmeddelande från Umeå Universitet"
11751:"Norway returns skulls of Lappish dead"
11679:
11662:
10927:
10428:"Kompani Nomad: Nyskapande samisk dans"
10346:"Kunst, bedrift og samfunnsinformasjon"
9786:
9685:
9467:
9309:
9157:United Nations Human Rights Committee.
8970:
8896:
8776:. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p. 152.
8416:
8248:
7661:
7530:Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press
7496:
7014:
6988:
6929:Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
6781:An Introduction to the Uralic Languages
6750:Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
6690:(1999) . Rives, Archibald Black (ed.).
6686:
6655:
6318:
6316:
6090:mushrooms by the Sámi people and their
5753:(1943–2001), musician, poet and artist.
5717:(1973–present), Visual Artist. Born in
5645:
5527:(1943–2001), musician, poet and artist.
5356:(1943–2001), musician, poet and artist.
5115:of the Sámi people are the haplogroups
4317:In Norway, the name of the language is
3310:
3121:initiated among the Sámi a puritanical
2066:The Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1147:. In Russian the corresponding term is
14:
15818:
12574:
12529:from the original on 15 September 2017
12499:from the original on 22 September 2021
12432:"Drugs Magic Mushrooms & Reindeer"
12031:
11930:
11794:
11726:"Sami jaw bones found in display case"
11705:
11449:from the original on 28 September 2020
11227:
11085:
10819:from the original on 14 September 2021
10774:
10664:Sports and games of medieval cultures.
10577:
10388:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199754281.013.027
9915:
9884:
9855:
8522:Civil Society in the Baltic Sea Region
8426:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
8145:"Finnish colonization: Irish invasion"
7851:(Report). UNESCO. 2010. Archived from
7742:
7550:
6995:The Danish History: Book Five, Part II
6839:
6578:
6468:
6466:
6337:from the original on 11 September 2017
5439:(1994–present), singer and songwriter.
5264:)—and gold miner. The very famous dog
5051:, and the Canadian territories of the
4906:
2907:Indigenous Sámi religion is a type of
2854:" has been translated into all of the
1885:
490:. Their traditional languages are the
14119:
13480:
13036:
12866:
12851:
12601:Schroeder, Kira (27 September 2023).
12201:from the original on 14 February 2009
11688:
11529:
11479:from the original on 23 December 2020
10903:Institut de Sociolingüística Catalana
10744:"Koskaan et muuttua saa, saamelainen"
10619:, Board Games Studies 4: 33–52, p. 33
10587:Umeå University Medical Dissertations
10486:
10377:
9971:from the original on 11 December 2021
9342:
8934:
8932:
8930:
8846:
8750:from the original on 3 September 2022
8576:
8459:
8294:. The Environment Times/Polar Times.
8112:Ahni Schertow, John (5 August 2013).
7948:from the original on 11 November 2020
7668:. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
7502:Det Norske Geografiske Selskabs årbog
7424:
7272:
7270:
7186:
7184:
7020:
6970:from the original on 31 December 2014
6616:
6614:
6612:
6520:from the original on 26 February 2021
5457:(1943–present), musician and painter.
4855:Sápmi is traditionally divided into:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4348:
3564:
3153:Neo-shamanism and traditional healing
2959:, as well as human-made ones such as
2225:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1707:and Sámi cart drivers to work in the
730:, in turn borrowed from Proto-Finnic
27:Indigenous peoples of Northern Europe
12575:Fouche, Gwladys (29 November 2019).
12382:from the original on 5 December 2022
12010:from the original on 2 November 2012
11981:from the original on 2 December 2013
11311:"Sametingets valgmanntall 1989–2021"
11281:"The Multi-Faceted Land of the Sámi"
11179:from the original on 15 October 2019
10972:from the original on 11 January 2021
10723:from the original on 22 October 2021
10597:from the original on 1 February 2014
10425:
10254:from the original on 2 February 2023
10212:
10085:
9903:from the original on 27 January 2021
9286:
9172:from the original on 14 October 2021
9051:from the original on 2 February 2015
8973:"Norway's international obligations"
8737:
8076:
7474:The Sami national minority in Sweden
7396:
7255:from the original on 31 October 2020
7190:
6876:from the original on 26 October 2021
6732:
6313:
6277:from the original on 15 January 2021
4844:became extinct in the 19th century.
3027:
2838:that was published in the newspaper
2779:
2550:, the three first presidents of the
2504:, a group of experts, led by former
2144:The Sámi Act (12 June 1987, No. 56).
2125:The Sámi have been recognized as an
1755:adding citations to reliable sources
1726:
1315:Spread of the Sámi people at present
531:A Sámi depicted in art, painting by
169:Regions with significant populations
12632:Yossman, K. J. (1 September 2022).
11782:Skeletal Remains of Norwegian Saami
11730:The Local: Sweden's News in English
11511:from the original on 10 August 2015
11317:(in Norwegian Bokmål). Sametinget.
11278:
11167:Johansen, Kevin (6 December 2015).
10742:Tahkolahti, Jaakko (10 July 2001).
10438:from the original on 2 October 2013
10272:
10132:"Lars Levi Laestadius and the Sami"
9837:from the original on 8 January 2022
9017:. 17 September 2007. Archived from
8497:. Suoma Sami Nuorat. Archived from
8301:from the original on 22 August 2020
8185:from the original on 5 January 2011
8155:from the original on 12 August 2014
8124:from the original on 20 August 2013
8093:from the original on 19 August 2010
7933:
6621:Grünthal, Riho (29 February 2008).
6541:
6463:
6444:State Statistics Service of Ukraine
5607:(born 1970), actress, film director
5531:
5509:, or Lapp-Lisa (1878–1932), singer.
5215:Sámi University of Applied Sciences
3479:, though there are others, such as
3034:Christianization of the Sámi people
2834:) was originally a poem written by
2658:
2524:
1612:
1323:A Sámi family in Norway around 1900
1250:) in Sweden. As already mentioned,
950:'s painting of the Sámi by the fire
24:
12845:
12758:Mittnik, Alisa (30 January 2018).
12658:Goldbart, Max (1 September 2022).
12548:Saijets, Maiju (2 December 2019).
12487:Hopewell, John (20 October 2016).
12370:Cockrell, Eddie (23 August 2008).
12223:. www.samer.se. 26 February 2007.
12108:from the original on 21 March 2012
12066:. 10 February 2009. Archived from
11732:. 22 February 2007. Archived from
11674:
11589:American Journal of Human Genetics
11564:from the original on 25 March 2019
10809:"Kinatkin käydään saamen kielellä"
10314:Handbook of Indigenous Religion(s)
10168:from the original on 19 April 2021
10035:from the original on 20 April 2023
9939:from the original on 8 August 2017
9807:from the original on 20 April 2023
9626:from the original on 10 March 2020
9560:from the original on 26 April 2011
9449:from the original on 21 March 2016
9376:
8927:
8636:from the original on 16 March 2023
8404:from the original on 20 April 2023
8058:from the original on 30 April 2011
7915:from the original on 4 August 2020
7900:
7769:from the original on 21 March 2016
7639:from the original on 26 April 2011
7590:from the original on 22 March 2012
7581:
7337:
7267:
7181:
7097:from the original on 20 April 2023
7037:from the original on 20 April 2023
6714:from the original on 20 April 2023
6609:
6516:(in Swedish). Norrbotten, Sweden.
6150:and performed by Norwegian female
6084:(2009), short video on the use of
5836:, wrestler. Olympic gold medalist.
5549:, a Sámi film director from Norway
5503:, Sámi musician and law professor.
5085:
4211:where few of the Sámi speak their
4115:(Östersund) is the center for the
3700:
2005:Climate change and the environment
1719:-speaking Sámi decreased greatly.
1178:is common in place names, such as
747:The Sámi institutions—notably the
632:. This word became modern Finnish
25:
15897:
12977:
12468:from the original on 30 June 2022
12412:from the original on 25 June 2021
12351:from the original on 30 June 2022
12315:"The Last Yoik in Saami Forests?"
12227:from the original on 16 June 2012
11321:from the original on 28 June 2022
11027:from the original on 27 June 2012
10928:Korpela, Salla (September 2006).
10356:from the original on 4 April 2019
10289:from the original on 19 July 2019
9924:
9768:from the original on 28 July 2021
9738:from the original on 28 July 2021
9534:from the original on 25 June 2013
9508:from the original on 26 June 2019
9138:from the original on 13 June 2012
8719:from the original on 16 June 2020
8683:Annales de démographie historique
8558:from the original on 5 April 2019
8264:. 8 November 2012. Archived from
8217:from the original on 17 July 2010
8210:Documentary Educational Resources
8143:Karlsson, Kenneth (25 May 2014).
8001:. Northern Review. Archived from
7522:Broadbent, Noel (16 March 2010).
6953:
6821:from the original on 28 July 2020
6754:Old Norse Etymological Dictionary
6451:from the original on 23 July 2020
6419:from the original on 23 July 2017
5786:, a retired ice hockey defenceman
5322:who participated in founding the
5175:and other zoos across the globe.
4915:Sámi traditional presentation in
4297:The Sámi languages belong to the
4202:Sámi family at spring celebration
4073:museum, the Sámi Art Centre, the
3971:Lule-Sámi center is located here.
3735:is strictly used and acceptable.
3188:
1545:
1533:Origins of the Norwegian Sea Sámi
787:, about AD 98. Variants of
663:). The Finnish word for Finland,
610:has at least one cognate word in
41:. For the ice hockey player, see
12995:
12983:
12651:
12625:
12594:
12511:
12480:
12450:
12424:
12394:
12363:
12337:
12325:from the original on 4 July 2022
12307:
12265:
12239:
12213:
12187:
12146:
12120:
12094:
12056:
11967:
11924:
11894:
11858:
11818:
11803:
11788:
11773:
11761:from the original on 11 May 2011
11718:
11699:
11668:
11625:
11576:
11540:
11523:
11491:
11473:Tilastokeskus/Statistics Finland
11461:
11424:
11412:from the original on 23 May 2022
11394:
11382:from the original on 25 May 2022
11364:
11352:from the original on 19 May 2022
11333:
11303:
11272:
11221:
11209:from the original on 17 May 2022
11191:
11160:
11148:from the original on 2 June 2014
11127:
11079:
11039:
11019:F. Moseley, Christopher (2010).
10921:
10891:
10861:
10831:
10801:
10768:
10735:
10705:
10673:
10656:
10635:
10622:
10609:
10571:
10541:
10515:
10468:from the original on 11 May 2021
10450:
10419:
10394:
10338:
10301:
10266:
10240:
10180:
10150:
10094:from the original on 11 May 2013
10047:
10008:
9983:
9967:. BBC Studios. 26 January 2009.
9951:
9878:
9849:
9819:
9780:
9750:
9720:
9679:
9638:
9608:
9546:
9520:
9494:
9461:
9429:
9394:
9370:
9351:
9343:Morse, Bradford W., ed. (1985).
9336:
9303:
9280:
9265:
9247:Banting, Keith; Kymlicka, Will.
9240:
9224:Osherenko, Gail (1 April 2001).
9150:
8952:from the original on 19 May 2021
8475:from the original on 11 May 2011
8015:
7968:"The Rocks Will Echo Our Sorrow"
7762:. 19–30 April 2010. p. 15.
7682:from the original on 16 May 2021
7232:. Suomen arkeologinen seura: 21.
7157:"Sámis don't want to be 'Lapps'"
6908:from the original on 16 May 2021
6748:de Vries, Jan (1962). "Finnr.".
6475:"Samis don't want to be 'Lapps'"
6385:Federal State Statistics Service
6265:Sámi people (14 December 2015).
6238:
6229:
6220:
5708:
5445:(1945–2014), singer and actress.
4321:, and the name of the people is
3916:(Inari), is the location of the
3127:complete abstinence from alcohol
1731:
1678:
653:is still found in the adjective
400:
272:
252:
234:
216:
198:
180:
123:
12197:. Nunatsiaq.com. 30 June 2000.
12130:. 16 March 2009. Archived from
12044:from the original on 4 May 2015
11795:Savage, James (20 March 2009).
10775:Hilden, Kaisa (15 March 2011).
10630:An Arab Game in the North Pole?
10134:. 6 August 2006. Archived from
10056:Scandinavian Journal of History
9596:from the original on 1 May 2011
9366:(4). Copenhagen: 335–344. 1995.
9126:NordicStorm (5 November 2007).
9119:
9087:
9033:
9001:
8964:
8890:
8865:
8840:
8815:
8790:
8762:
8738:Last, John (27 November 2021).
8731:
8701:
8674:
8648:
8570:
8538:
8513:
8487:
8460:Rykov, Sergey (21 April 2010).
8453:
8386:
8349:
8313:
8280:
8229:
8197:
8167:
8136:
8105:
8070:
8040:
8009:
7960:
7927:
7841:
7823:
7805:
7655:
7631:] (in Danish). Copenhagen:
7614:
7575:
7490:
7465:
7450:
7418:
7236:
7213:
7109:
7070:
6982:
6947:
6920:
6888:
6870:Swedish Etymological Dictionary
6833:
6801:
6772:
6741:
6726:
6680:
6649:
6572:
6497:
6323:Thomasson, Lars; Sköld, Peter.
5940:
5318:(1944–2014), an author and neo-
4285:All Sámi languages are at some
4185:
2515:
2047:Discrimination against the Sámi
1983:
1742:needs additional citations for
14286:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
13021:Encyclopaedia of Saami Culture
11975:"Vender hjem til røttene – VG"
11374:[The Sámi in Sweden].
10845:(in Norwegian). Archived from
10815:(in Finnish). 26 August 2014.
10713:"Samediggi | Saamelaiset info"
10632:, Board Games Studies 4: 77–82
10118:Fragments of Lappish Mythology
10021:. Twenty-First Century Books.
9764:(in Finnish). 15 August 2017.
9287:Sara, Mikkel (22 March 2009).
8948:(in Norwegian). 12 June 1987.
7817:Church record, Kvæfjord Parish
6992:. Killings, Douglas B. (ed.).
6785:University of California Press
6700:. pp. 96, 322, 326, 327.
6579:Conrad, Jo Ann (Winter 2000).
6431:
6398:
6373:
6349:
6289:
6258:
6211:
5913:Environmental racism in Europe
5816:(1985–present), alpine skiers.
5179:Notable people of Sámi descent
4987:Sámi diaspora outside of Sápmi
4373:Other traditional territories
4127:and one of the offices to the
4061:(Karasjok) is the seat of the
4007:Nordic Sámi Research Institute
3926:Saamelaisalueen koulutuskeskus
3848:in 1996 as a "Laponian Area".
3515:
2997:Fragments of Lappish Mythology
2951:, chants, sacred objects, and
2818:" ("Song of the Sámi People",
1948:
1637:A Sea Sámi man from Norway by
516:
13:
1:
12879:
12249:. 29 May 2009. Archived from
12172:10.1080/02773945.2021.1918515
11977:(in Norwegian). Pluss.vg.no.
11706:Savage, James (31 May 2010).
10283:University of Texas at Austin
9787:Leeming, David Adams (2003).
9686:Oksanen, Aslak-Antti (2020).
8439:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.04.008
8205:"Last Yoik of Saami Forests?"
7973:University of Minnesota Press
7621:Troels-Lund, Fredrik (1914).
6964:University of Texas at Austin
6840:Laakso, Johanna, ed. (1992).
6251:
5985:
5463:(1984–present), rap musician.
5278:
5268:was named after Samuel Balto.
5136:Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherers
5100:Sámi mother with her children
3366:, along with a few magazines.
3087:
2129:in Norway (1990 according to
2100:
1817:name. This partly caused the
1722:
1479:
148:
15856:Indigenous peoples of Europe
13506:
13003:travel guide from Wikivoyage
10960:"The World Factbook: Norway"
10905:(in Catalan). Archived from
10785:(in Finnish). Archived from
10752:(in Finnish). Archived from
10689:(in Finnish). Archived from
10549:"Reindeer, People, Pastures"
10525:. Johtti.com. Archived from
9858:An Introduction to Shamanism
9856:DuBois, Thomas (June 2009).
9728:"Saamen lipun liputuspäivät"
9647:Studies in Global Animal Law
9587:The Working Group on the UPR
9556:. senterfornordligefolk.no.
9470:"The Nordic Sámi Convention"
9347:. Carleton University Press.
9100:Norrländska Socialdemokraten
8713:U.S. News & World Report
8656:"Sami Parliamentary Council"
8077:Goll, Sven (23 April 2010).
7472:Jahreskog, Birgitta (2009).
6365:(in Finnish). Archived from
5764:Sápmi national football team
5507:Lisa Cecilia Thomasson-Bosiö
5312:that inspired the Sámi flag.
4083:newspaper is published here.
3935:(Sámi Education Institute),
3469:
3449:
2734:
1910:Vindelfjällen Nature Reserve
813:
593:
7:
12006:. Nrk.no. 23 January 2008.
11689:Simma, Paul-Anders (2000).
11572:– via www.nature.com.
11402:"Statistik sameröstlängden"
9994:. Bayeux Arts. p. 73.
9927:"Sámi Drums – Then and Now"
9894:Shamanism: Past and Present
9655:10.1007/978-3-662-60756-5_6
9381:. No. 57. Copenhagen:
8872:Lähteenmäki, Maria (2006).
7837:] (in Norwegian). 1769.
6041:Last Yoik in Saami Forests?
5901:
5080:Sami Siida of North America
5021:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
4889:Sea Sámi (in Northern Sámi
4329:and the name of the people
4256:
3249:
2861:
2424:
2395:National Culture Centre in
2348:U.N. Human Rights Committee
1903:Natural resource extraction
1663:fjellsamene, innlandssamene
1554:Sámi people in Norway, 1928
1167:
1155:
1087:
638:(Finnish for the region of
10:
15902:
12824:Polish Academy of Sciences
12790:10.1038/s41467-018-02825-9
12681:
12406:search.alexanderstreet.com
12159:Rhetoric Society Quarterly
12032:Aikins, Mary (July 2005).
10617:Sáhkku, The "Devil's Game"
10275:"The Sami Concept of Time"
9862:Cambridge University Press
9360:Environmental Conservation
8823:"Saamenkielinen päiväkoti"
8083:Views and News from Norway
7305:10.1038/s41467-018-07483-5
7140:: CS1 maint: url-status (
6627:Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
5923:List of Indigenous peoples
5826:player (former player for
5775:, a Sámi skier from Sweden
5761:
5535:
5360:
5203:Luobbal Sámmol Sámmol Ánte
5189:
5182:
5089:
4946:Guovdageaidnu Municipality
4344:
4260:
3922:Sajos Sámi Cultural Centre
3887:Important Sámi settlements
3768:UNESCO World Heritage Site
3704:
3597:calf marking in the summer
3568:
3410:
3314:
3259:
3253:
3192:
3133:in addition to his native
3091:
3031:
2931:is often characterized by
2865:
2805:
2783:
2738:
2714:
2528:
2483:village on the Ponoi River
2465:Regional law, Code of the
2342:Finland ratified the 1966
2300:
2292:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2037:
2023:Chernobyl nuclear disaster
1930:that affect their future.
1819:dislocation of Sámi people
1304:
1300:
1265:generally call themselves
845:(11th to 14th centuries).
807:
770:
737:, which was borrowed from
520:
36:
29:
15876:Nomadic groups in Eurasia
15757:
15682:
15168:
15141:
14944:
14843:
14771:
14733:
14590:
14579:
14153:
14088:
14052:
14022:
13998:
13971:
13951:
13896:
13887:
13856:
13836:
13809:
13747:
13738:
13729:
13704:
13679:
13653:
13646:
13621:
13582:
13575:
13566:
13515:
13417:
13389:
13366:
13329:
13256:
13198:
13071:
12947:, by Jabez L. Van Cleef.
12933:, by Veli-Pekka Lehtola.
12733:10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.017
12034:"Heart of a Prairie Girl"
11780:Sellevold, Berit (2002).
11440:Sámediggi Sámi Parliament
11242:10.1017/S0047404500018996
11052:American Indian Quarterly
10869:"Karasjok Kommune: Facts"
10641:Murray, H. J. R. (1951).
10322:10.1163/9789004346710_015
10308:Fonneland, Trude (2017).
10068:10.1080/03468759708579352
9468:Solbakk, John T. (2006).
8971:Solbakk, John T. (2006).
8897:Solbakk, John T. (2006).
8236:Ove Varsi, Magne (2010).
7584:"Pursuing Sami Genealogy"
7364:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.026
6901:Svenska Akademiens ordbok
6865:Svensk etymologisk ordbok
6779:Collinder, Björn (1965).
6297:"Focus on Sámi in Norway"
5757:
5497:(1959–present), musician.
5491:(1951–present), musician.
5395:(1956–present), musician.
5252:Explorers and adventurers
4372:
4370:Most important territory
4369:
4354:
4351:
4345:
4063:Norwegian Sámi Parliament
3881:municipalities in Finland
3738:
3369:There is a Sámi theatre,
3117:pastor and administrator
3113:Around 1840 Swedish Sámi
2850:
2814:
2802:"Song of the Sámi People"
2703:The question whether the
2583:Sámi Parliament of Russia
2552:Sámi Parliament of Norway
2383:
2381:Kildin Sami Map (green).
2372:
2316:The act establishing the
2263:
2120:Sámi Parliament of Norway
2110:
1384:Paleo-Laplandic languages
1244:
1230:
1186:
1161:
1149:
1082:
1058:
1017:
1003:
603:), of the same meaning).
599:
448:inhabiting the region of
368:
363:
293:
288:
270:
250:
232:
214:
196:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
136:
122:
62:
15831:Ethnic groups in Finland
14075:Guovdageainnu Lagasradio
12905:, by H. D. Rennerfeldt.
12862:Robert Paine (1926–2010)
12607:Rakkautta & Anarkiaa
12221:"VM med samer i centrum"
11902:"Stolt over å være same"
11814:. Le Monde diplomatique.
11636:(in Finnish). Helsinki:
11199:"Mapping SÁMI Languages"
10086:Holloway, Alan "Ivvár".
9705:10.1177/0038038520943105
9387:Originally published in
8772:, Dagmar Schiek (2001).
8463:
7936:"The Sami vs. Outsiders"
7831:Folketelling av Kvæfjord
7220:Rahkonen, Pauli (2021).
7031:Tromsø University Museum
6935:. pp. s.v. lappir.
6862:Hellquist, Elof (1922).
6204:
6075:The Kautokeino Rebellion
6004:, among the Sámi people.
5864:
5601:(1979–present), actress.
5401:, singer and songwriter.
3637:
3523:
3406:
2903:Indigenous Sámi religion
2667:Land rights for grazing
2642:, are allowed to join a
2248:The Council of Europe's
2174:Mountain landscape near
1474:A Sámi man and child in
682:and its adjectival form
555:(of Sámi kin), the word
440:) are the traditionally
15846:Ethnic groups in Russia
15841:Ethnic groups in Norway
15836:Ethnic groups in Sweden
14147:Ethnic groups in Russia
13026:26 January 2022 at the
12303:. BRC Imagination Arts.
10662:Wilkins, Sally (2002).
10578:Kaiser, Niclas (2011).
9925:Gusto, Ken Emerson Jr.
9310:Bystrov, G. E. (2000).
9164:University of Minnesota
8181:. Verdict Media. 2010.
8179:Hydrocarbons Technology
7934:Woodard, Káre (Kimmi).
7901:Kuiper, Andrea (Elle).
7434:Oxford University Press
6698:Oxford University Press
6675:Hansen & Olsen 2014
6514:SVT Nyhetter Norrbotten
6143:, written by Norwegian
5617:Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers
5092:Genetic studies on Sámi
5069:Alaska Reindeer Service
4950:Kárášjohka Municipality
4125:Sámi Information Centre
4075:Sámi Specialist Library
4003:Sámi University College
3941:Inari Sámi Siida Museum
3918:Finnish Sámi Parliament
3559:Russian Orthodox Church
3496:Kautokeino Municipality
3459:Sámi University College
2988:La Recherche Expedition
2893:Russian Orthodox Church
2880:with his meavrresgárri
2829:Song of the Sámi Family
2589:Norwegian organizations
2500:On 16 November 2005 in
2318:Finnish Sámi Parliament
2281:Swedish Sámi Parliament
2180:Hammerfest Municipality
1639:Prince Roland Bonaparte
1627:Prince Roland Bonaparte
1449:from the 19th century.
1174:In Finland and Sweden,
1053:. Variants of the name
1011:
963:
936:
860:
853:
833:
764:
740:
733:
726:
716:
704:
696:
678:
672:
665:
649:
634:
628:
621:was also borrowed into
617:
580:
538:
13928:Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála
12820:Medieval Arctic Norway
11099:Cite journal requires
11067:Cite journal requires
10350:Samisk Kunstner Senter
8798:"Saamen kielen opetus"
8374:Cite journal requires
8337:Cite journal requires
8149:Save the Baltic Salmon
7879:Cite journal requires
7404:"The ski-going people"
7058:Cite journal requires
7021:Paine, Robert (1957).
6927:de Vries, Jan (1962).
6656:Derksen, Rick (2007).
6623:"The Finnic Ethnonyms"
5852:defenseman, member of
5787:
5776:
5629:(1999), Finnish actor.
5550:
5475:(1941–2014), composer.
5372:
5291:
5211:historical linguistics
5155:
5101:
4999:
4981:2010 All-Russia Census
4966:Gáivuotna Municipality
4924:
4877:Division by occupation
4838:
4830:
4762:Eastern Sámi languages
4741:critically endangered
4723:Eastern Sámi languages
4684:Eastern Sámi languages
4645:Eastern Sámi languages
4599:Eastern Sámi languages
4575:critically endangered
4557:Western Sámi languages
4520:Southern Sámi language
4515:Western Sámi languages
4491:critically endangered
4473:Western Sámi languages
4431:Western Sámi languages
4405:definitely endangered
4392:Northern Sámi language
4387:Western Sámi languages
4287:degree of endangerment
4275:
4203:
4195:
4048:
4040:
4029:Jiellevárri, or Váhčir
3975:Gáivuotna Municipality
3914:Aanaar, Anár, or Aanar
3906:
3832:The municipalities of
3770:
3752:
3598:
3582:
3425:
3421:Sara Marielle Gaup at
3333:
3283:
3223:
3212:
3204:
3144:to convert from their
3110:
3063:Protestant Reformation
3046:
2884:
2750:
2671:
2557:The Sámi Parliaments (
2554:
2496:Nordic Sámi Convention
2484:
2458:
2399:
2388:
2339:
2313:
2276:
2182:
2139:Norwegian Constitution
2122:
2106:Official Sámi policies
2014:
1964:
1899:
1790:
1662:
1656:
1642:
1630:
1555:
1542:
1485:
1438:Scandinavian languages
1324:
1316:
1293:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1238:
1224:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1180:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1096:
1074:
1066:
1025:
995:
981:
975:
969:
951:
929:
911:
905:
897:
889:
857:, from proto-Germanic
831:(or variants, such as
799:
793:
779:
757:
684:
655:
573:was borrowed from the
557:
551:
545:
535:
533:François-Auguste Biard
496:Uralic language family
486:
266:945 (first and second)
12872:Coast Lapp Society II
12816:Urbańczyk, Przemysław
12765:Nature Communications
12523:LevelK ApS Film Sales
12298:"Sapmi-Magic Theater"
11945:10.1353/scd.2011.0018
11692:Give Us Our Skeletons
11553:Nature Communications
11279:Lehtola, Veli-Pekka.
8847:Minde, Henry (2008).
7582:Pesklo, Christopher.
7426:Price, Theron Douglas
7358:(10): 1701–1711.e16.
7284:Nature Communications
7191:Lang, Valter (2020).
6931:(in German). Leiden:
6362:Parliament of Finland
6021:Give Us Our Skeletons
5974:Bob Rogers (designer)
5820:Morten Gamst Pedersen
5782:
5771:
5725:, lives and works in
5686:Parliament of Finland
5545:
5538:Beaivváš Sámi Theatre
5368:
5324:Beaivváš Sámi Theatre
5286:
5149:
5099:
5053:Northwest Territories
4994:
4954:Porsáŋgu Municipality
4914:
4851:Division by geography
4836:
4796:
4270:
4235:cultural assimilation
4201:
4193:
4046:
4038:
3999:Beaivváš Sámi Theatre
3894:
3758:
3746:
3689:is a game related to
3588:
3578:
3500:Karasjok Municipality
3443:Angelica archangelica
3420:
3385:Muitalus sámiid birra
3351:Children's television
3330:Muitalus sámiid birra
3324:
3281:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3125:movement emphasizing
3105:
3070:trials and burnings.
3042:A sermon at the 2004
3041:
2875:
2748:
2723:Sámi identity symbols
2666:
2650:Russian organizations
2630:countries, i.e., the
2613:Finnish organizations
2601:Swedish organizations
2538:
2479:
2450:
2425:malochislennye narody
2394:
2387:is "Sámi" in Russian.
2380:
2334:
2308:
2271:
2173:
2118:
2012:
1956:
1897:
1788:
1636:
1620:
1558:Until the arrival of
1553:
1540:
1473:
1404:Finno-Ugric languages
1333:Proto-Uralic homeland
1322:
1314:
1258:is exceedingly rare.
946:
530:
521:Further information:
484:, e.g. Northern Sámi
264:480 (first ancestry)
15683:Unrecognized peoples
15169:Other ethnic peoples
14479:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
12992:at Wikimedia Commons
12857:Coast Lapp Society I
12464:. 15 November 2017.
12283:on 25 February 2017.
11933:Scandinavian Studies
11757:. 15 December 1997.
11560:. 27 November 2018.
11442:(in Finnish). 2019.
11291:on 28 September 2007
10615:Borvo, Alan (2001),
10559:on 21 September 2019
10273:Redding, Stephanie.
10194:on 18 September 2008
10188:"Aviissat ja bládit"
9482:on 27 September 2007
9166:Human Rights Library
9132:The European Tribune
9021:on 25 September 2014
8915:on 27 September 2007
8118:Intercontinental Cry
7758:(Report). New York:
7635:. pp. 129–130.
7414:on 22 November 2010.
7169:on 29 September 2008
7023:"Coast Lapp society"
6904:(in Swedish). 1939.
6631:Finno-Ugrian Society
6560:on 27 September 2007
6330:Nationalencyklopedin
6197:My Fathers' Daughter
6191:Ann-Helén Laestadius
6121:forcibly assimilated
5751:Nils-Aslak Valkeapää
5732:Hans Ragnar Mathisen
5692:Irja Seurujärvi-Kari
5652:Lars Levi Laestadius
5646:Politics and society
5611:Lene Cecilia Sparrok
5605:Sara Margrethe Oskal
5599:Anni-Kristiina Juuso
5581:Kautokeino Rebellion
5525:Nils-Aslak Valkeapää
5425:Ingor Ánte Áilo Gaup
5354:Nils-Aslak Valkeapää
5332:(born 1971), author.
5330:Ann-Helén Laestadius
5288:Nils-Aslak Valkeapää
5227:(1926–2021) Born in
4962:Unjárga Municipality
4767:Akkala Sámi language
4702:severely endangered
4663:severely endangered
4650:Kildin Sámi language
4617:severely endangered
4533:severely endangered
4449:severely endangered
4289:, ranging from what
4169:Norwegian Parliament
4047:Log cabin in Utsjoki
4017:Kautokeino rebellion
3539:Lars Levi Laestadius
3463:University of Tromsø
3392:Ann-Helén Laestadius
3390:In 2023 Sámi author
3311:Media and literature
3119:Lars Levi Laestadius
3094:Lars Levi Laestadius
2794:was held in 1917 in
2326:Finnish Centre Party
2013:Sámi man from Norway
1879:Norwegian parliament
1751:improve this article
1621:A Sea Sámi man from
1428:by the researchers.
1388:Pre-Finnic substrate
174:Sápmi 63,831–107,341
30:For other uses, see
15851:Finno-Ugric peoples
15758:Assimilated peoples
14374:Meadow-Eastern Mari
12782:2018NatCo...9..442M
12070:on 10 February 2009
11912:on 15 February 2009
11372:"Samerna i Sverige"
11230:Language in Society
10940:on 10 February 2009
10909:on 27 December 2009
10839:"Samisk skyteskive"
10553:reindeerherding.org
10501:10.1017/cor.2015.14
10426:Stålnert, Bigitta.
10018:Finland in Pictures
9932:University of Texas
9385:. pp. 137–143.
8609:on 12 February 2015
8268:on 13 November 2019
7941:University of Texas
7908:University of Texas
7855:on 21 October 2010.
7802:, pp. 255–256.
7508:(1889–1890): 18–52.
7297:2018NatCo...9.5018L
6733:Mutt, Oleg (1965).
6593:on 18 December 2008
6586:Scandinavian Review
6415:. 22 January 2007.
5908:Origins of the Sámi
5854:Hockey Hall of Fame
5812:(1981–present) and
5576:Kautokeino-Opprøret
5411:and Duolva Duottar.
5185:List of Sámi people
5132:Pitted Ware culture
4958:Deatnu Municipality
4907:Division by country
4689:Inari Sámi language
4604:Skolt Sámi language
4336:American scientist
4165:Várjjat Sámi Museum
4023:Iänudâh, or Eanodat
3904:Lovozersky District
3846:World Heritage Site
3826:Västerbotten county
3613:forced assimilation
3006:Theory of Sacrifice
2992:Lars Levi Læstadius
2984:Joseph Paul Gaimard
2792:first Sámi congress
2137:Article 108 of the
1886:Contemporary issues
1823:forced displacement
1789:Sámi family in 1936
1601:Xenopsylla cheopsis
1590:. Depending on the
1494:Lierne Municipality
1447:forced assimilation
1345:Corded Ware culture
1159:) and in Ukrainian
1019:Johannes Schefferus
59:
15805:Siberian Bukharans
14964:Aukhovite Chechens
14916:Siberian Bukharans
14242:Aukhovite Chechens
12613:on 20 October 2023
12556:(in Northern Sami)
12104:. Arkivverket.no.
11714:on 18 August 2010.
10849:on 13 October 2007
10756:on 11 October 2011
10415:on 4 October 2013.
9790:European Mythology
9622:. 8 January 2007.
9585:(Report). Geneva:
9389:Moscow News Weekly
9254:Queen's University
8695:10.3917/adh.105.79
8501:on 27 January 2021
8028:on 28 January 2022
8022:geographical.co.uk
7703:, p. 242–244.
6413:U.S. Census Bureau
6094:, produced by the
5993:The White Reindeer
5928:Reindeer in Russia
5897:, famous criminal.
5788:
5777:
5698:Laila Susanne Vars
5670:Elsa Laula Renberg
5551:
5373:
5292:
5173:Tierpark Hagenbeck
5156:
5102:
5000:
4925:
4842:Kemi Sámi language
4839:
4831:
4478:Pite Sámi language
4436:Lule Sámi language
4276:
4233:Still, due to the
4204:
4196:
4049:
4041:
3907:
3853:Sámi Domicile Area
3771:
3753:
3599:
3583:
3565:Reindeer husbandry
3426:
3334:
3284:
3224:
3213:
3205:
3142:Swedish government
3111:
3057:was introduced by
3047:
3044:Samiske kirkedager
2885:
2751:
2672:
2555:
2485:
2459:
2400:
2389:
2340:
2314:
2277:
2183:
2131:ILO convention 169
2123:
2015:
1965:
1900:
1877:was passed in the
1791:
1648:Norwegian monarchy
1643:
1631:
1556:
1543:
1507:Lesja Municipality
1486:
1325:
1317:
1281:
1271:
1212:) in Finland; and
952:
948:Aleksander Lauréus
688:
659:
584:, meaning 'land' (
536:
446:Indigenous peoples
57:
15813:
15812:
15442:
15440:Astrakhan Kazakhs
15164:
15163:
14923:Zabolotnie Tatars
14402:Northwestern Mari
14113:
14112:
14109:
14108:
14018:
14017:
13883:
13882:
13793:Saǥai Muittalægje
13725:
13724:
13700:
13699:
13642:
13641:
13474:
13473:
13277:Northwestern Mari
13063:Peoples speaking
12988:Media related to
12971:978-1-62963-712-9
12953:978-1-4382-2189-2
12939:978-1-889963-75-4
12925:978-1-84904-257-4
12911:978-1-62675-021-0
12837:978-83-900213-0-0
12701:978-90-04-25254-7
12438:on 2 January 2013
11736:on 27 April 2011.
11475:. 31 March 2022.
10993:"The Sámi people"
10749:Helsingin Sanomat
10331:978-90-04-34671-0
10226:978-82-8263-063-4
10028:978-0-7613-6380-4
10001:978-1-896209-21-0
9871:978-0-521-69536-7
9800:978-0-19-514361-4
9664:978-3-662-60755-8
9080:978-91-973654-4-4
8883:978-951-1-21099-3
8876:. Keuruu: Otava.
8858:978-90-5972-204-0
8783:978-1-4094-9750-9
8531:978-0-7546-3317-4
7790:, pp. 29–34.
7543:978-0-9788460-6-0
7483:978-0-391-02687-2
7443:978-0-19-023197-2
7206:978-951-858-130-0
7090:978-1-55671-103-9
6990:Grammaticus, Saxo
6794:978-0-520-32988-1
6737:. pp. 27–32.
6707:978-0-19-815050-3
6542:Solbakk, John T.
6302:Statistics Norway
5980:Ume Sámi language
5860:all-century team.
5233:Religious Studies
5113:maternal lineages
4979:According to the
4964:in Finnmark, and
4791:
4790:
4728:Ter Sámi language
4562:Ume Sámi language
4338:Michael E. Krauss
4175:, was born there.
3937:Anarâškielâ servi
3814:Norrbotten county
3505:Isogaisa Festival
3075:Thomas von Westen
3028:Christian mission
2929:Sámi spirituality
2841:Saǥai Muittalægje
2786:Sámi National Day
2780:Sámi People's Day
2239:Council of Europe
2127:Indigenous people
1863:Alta Municipality
1783:
1782:
1775:
1511:Vang Municipality
1279:
1269:
958:can be traced to
686:
657:
392:
391:
386:Eastern Orthodoxy
16:(Redirected from
15893:
15729:Crimean Italians
15698:
15628:
15584:
15550:
15517:Meskhetian Turks
15501:
15482:
15463:
15461:Sakhalin Koreans
15456:
15438:
15393:
15379:
15372:
15353:
15346:
15339:
15332:
15325:
15301:
15294:
15287:
15273:
15245:Crimean Karaites
15204:
15107:
15100:
15071:
15070:
15057:
14925:
14918:
14911:
14904:
14897:
14890:
14871:
14789:
14699:
14675:
14668:
14588:
14587:
14565:
14558:
14551:
14544:
14542:Astrakhan Tatars
14537:
14518:
14504:
14495:
14488:
14481:
14474:
14460:
14453:
14439:
14425:
14418:
14404:
14397:
14396:
14383:
14382:
14352:
14331:
14324:
14275:
14268:
14244:
14215:
14208:
14201:
14187:
14180:
14173:
14140:
14133:
14126:
14117:
14116:
13894:
13893:
13745:
13744:
13736:
13735:
13651:
13650:
13580:
13579:
13573:
13572:
13501:
13494:
13487:
13478:
13477:
13466:
13065:Uralic languages
13057:
13050:
13043:
13034:
13033:
12999:
12987:
12919:, by Neil Kent.
12895:(the chapter on
12875:
12860:
12841:
12811:
12801:
12754:
12744:
12705:
12675:
12674:
12672:
12670:
12655:
12649:
12648:
12646:
12644:
12629:
12623:
12622:
12620:
12618:
12609:. Archived from
12598:
12592:
12591:
12589:
12587:
12572:
12566:
12565:
12563:
12561:
12545:
12539:
12538:
12536:
12534:
12515:
12509:
12508:
12506:
12504:
12484:
12478:
12477:
12475:
12473:
12454:
12448:
12447:
12445:
12443:
12428:
12422:
12421:
12419:
12417:
12398:
12392:
12391:
12389:
12387:
12367:
12361:
12360:
12358:
12356:
12341:
12335:
12334:
12332:
12330:
12311:
12305:
12304:
12302:
12294:
12285:
12284:
12279:. Archived from
12277:NordnorgesGuiden
12269:
12263:
12262:
12260:
12258:
12243:
12237:
12236:
12234:
12232:
12217:
12211:
12210:
12208:
12206:
12195:"Nunatsiaq News"
12191:
12185:
12184:
12174:
12150:
12144:
12143:
12141:
12139:
12134:on 16 March 2009
12124:
12118:
12117:
12115:
12113:
12098:
12092:
12089:
12080:
12079:
12077:
12075:
12060:
12054:
12053:
12051:
12049:
12029:
12020:
12019:
12017:
12015:
12000:
11991:
11990:
11988:
11986:
11971:
11965:
11964:
11928:
11922:
11921:
11919:
11917:
11898:
11892:
11891:
11885:
11877:
11875:
11873:
11862:
11856:
11855:
11849:
11841:
11839:
11837:
11831:
11822:
11816:
11815:
11807:
11801:
11800:
11792:
11786:
11785:
11777:
11771:
11770:
11768:
11766:
11747:
11738:
11737:
11722:
11716:
11715:
11703:
11697:
11696:
11686:
11677:
11676:
11672:
11666:
11660:
11654:
11648:
11642:
11641:
11629:
11623:
11622:
11612:
11580:
11574:
11573:
11571:
11569:
11544:
11538:
11537:
11527:
11521:
11520:
11518:
11516:
11495:
11489:
11488:
11486:
11484:
11465:
11459:
11458:
11456:
11454:
11448:
11437:
11428:
11422:
11421:
11419:
11417:
11398:
11392:
11391:
11389:
11387:
11368:
11362:
11361:
11359:
11357:
11337:
11331:
11330:
11328:
11326:
11307:
11301:
11300:
11298:
11296:
11287:. Archived from
11276:
11270:
11269:
11225:
11219:
11218:
11216:
11214:
11203:Cartography M.Sc
11195:
11189:
11188:
11186:
11184:
11175:(in Norwegian).
11164:
11158:
11157:
11155:
11153:
11147:
11140:
11131:
11125:
11118:
11109:
11108:
11102:
11097:
11095:
11087:
11083:
11077:
11076:
11070:
11065:
11063:
11055:
11043:
11037:
11036:
11034:
11032:
11016:
11005:
11004:
10999:. Archived from
10988:
10982:
10981:
10979:
10977:
10956:
10950:
10949:
10947:
10945:
10936:. Archived from
10925:
10919:
10918:
10916:
10914:
10895:
10889:
10888:
10886:
10884:
10875:. Archived from
10873:Karasjok kommune
10865:
10859:
10858:
10856:
10854:
10835:
10829:
10828:
10826:
10824:
10805:
10799:
10798:
10796:
10794:
10772:
10766:
10765:
10763:
10761:
10739:
10733:
10732:
10730:
10728:
10709:
10703:
10702:
10700:
10698:
10677:
10671:
10660:
10654:
10639:
10633:
10626:
10620:
10613:
10607:
10606:
10604:
10602:
10584:
10575:
10569:
10568:
10566:
10564:
10555:. Archived from
10545:
10539:
10538:
10536:
10534:
10523:"Johtti Kompani"
10519:
10513:
10512:
10484:
10478:
10477:
10475:
10473:
10464:. 1 March 2012.
10454:
10448:
10447:
10445:
10443:
10423:
10417:
10416:
10414:
10408:. Archived from
10407:
10398:
10392:
10391:
10375:
10366:
10365:
10363:
10361:
10352:(in Norwegian).
10342:
10336:
10335:
10305:
10299:
10298:
10296:
10294:
10270:
10264:
10263:
10261:
10259:
10244:
10238:
10237:
10235:
10233:
10210:
10204:
10203:
10201:
10199:
10184:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10173:
10154:
10148:
10147:
10145:
10143:
10128:
10122:
10110:
10104:
10103:
10101:
10099:
10083:
10072:
10071:
10051:
10045:
10044:
10042:
10040:
10012:
10006:
10005:
9987:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9976:
9955:
9949:
9948:
9946:
9944:
9922:
9913:
9912:
9910:
9908:
9902:
9891:
9882:
9876:
9875:
9853:
9847:
9846:
9844:
9842:
9823:
9817:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9784:
9778:
9777:
9775:
9773:
9754:
9748:
9747:
9745:
9743:
9724:
9718:
9717:
9707:
9698:(6): 1141–1158.
9683:
9677:
9676:
9642:
9636:
9635:
9633:
9631:
9612:
9606:
9605:
9603:
9601:
9595:
9584:
9576:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9565:
9550:
9544:
9543:
9541:
9539:
9524:
9518:
9517:
9515:
9513:
9498:
9492:
9491:
9489:
9487:
9481:
9474:
9465:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9454:
9448:
9441:
9433:
9427:
9426:
9424:
9422:
9416:
9409:
9398:
9392:
9386:
9379:IWGIA Newsletter
9374:
9368:
9367:
9355:
9349:
9348:
9340:
9334:
9333:
9325:
9316:
9315:
9307:
9301:
9300:
9295:. Archived from
9284:
9278:
9277:
9269:
9263:
9262:
9261:on 16 June 2012.
9257:. Archived from
9244:
9238:
9237:
9232:. Archived from
9221:
9182:
9181:
9179:
9177:
9154:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9143:
9128:"Minority MEPs?"
9123:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9112:
9107:on 30 April 2011
9091:
9085:
9084:
9070:
9061:
9060:
9058:
9056:
9045:Sveriges riksdag
9037:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9026:
9005:
8999:
8998:
8996:
8994:
8989:on 14 March 2012
8988:
8982:. Archived from
8977:
8968:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8957:
8936:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8920:
8914:
8908:. Archived from
8903:
8894:
8888:
8887:
8869:
8863:
8862:
8844:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8833:
8819:
8813:
8812:
8810:
8808:
8794:
8788:
8787:
8766:
8760:
8759:
8757:
8755:
8735:
8729:
8728:
8726:
8724:
8705:
8699:
8698:
8678:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8667:
8662:on 17 April 2013
8652:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8641:
8625:
8619:
8618:
8616:
8614:
8608:
8602:. Archived from
8583:
8574:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8563:
8542:
8536:
8535:
8517:
8511:
8510:
8508:
8506:
8491:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8480:
8457:
8451:
8450:
8420:
8414:
8413:
8411:
8409:
8390:
8384:
8383:
8377:
8372:
8370:
8362:
8353:
8347:
8346:
8340:
8335:
8333:
8325:
8317:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8306:
8300:
8293:
8284:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8261:Barents Observer
8252:
8246:
8245:
8233:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8222:
8201:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8190:
8171:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8160:
8140:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8109:
8103:
8102:
8100:
8098:
8074:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8063:
8044:
8038:
8037:
8035:
8033:
8024:. Archived from
8013:
8007:
8006:
7994:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7980:
7964:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7953:
7931:
7925:
7924:
7922:
7920:
7898:
7889:
7888:
7882:
7877:
7875:
7867:
7863:
7857:
7856:
7845:
7839:
7838:
7827:
7821:
7820:
7809:
7803:
7797:
7791:
7785:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7768:
7757:
7749:
7740:
7734:
7728:
7722:
7716:
7710:
7704:
7698:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7659:
7653:
7652:
7649:Projekt Runeberg
7646:
7644:
7618:
7612:
7606:
7600:
7599:
7597:
7595:
7579:
7573:
7567:
7566:
7565:(2009): 197–210.
7561:(in Norwegian).
7554:
7548:
7547:
7519:
7510:
7509:
7504:(in Norwegian).
7494:
7488:
7487:
7469:
7463:
7462:
7454:
7448:
7447:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7410:. Archived from
7400:
7394:
7393:
7383:
7341:
7335:
7334:
7324:
7274:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7240:
7234:
7233:
7217:
7211:
7210:
7188:
7179:
7178:
7176:
7174:
7165:. Archived from
7152:
7146:
7145:
7139:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7102:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7061:
7056:
7054:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7018:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7007:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6951:
6945:
6944:
6933:Brill Publishers
6924:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6892:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6859:
6850:
6849:
6837:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6805:
6799:
6798:
6776:
6770:
6769:
6758:Brill Publishers
6745:
6739:
6738:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6684:
6678:
6672:
6666:
6665:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6633:. Archived from
6618:
6607:
6606:
6600:
6598:
6589:. Archived from
6576:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6559:
6553:. Archived from
6548:
6539:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6481:. Archived from
6470:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6447:(in Ukrainian).
6435:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6410:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6320:
6311:
6310:
6309:on 9 March 2012.
6305:. Archived from
6293:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6267:"Sámi in Sweden"
6262:
6245:
6242:
6236:
6233:
6227:
6224:
6218:
6215:
6087:Amanita muscaria
5896:
5888:Svein-Eirik Utsi
5882:Swedish nobility
5879:
5828:Blackburn Rovers
5822:(1981–present),
5740:
5682:Janne Seurujärvi
5658:Ole Henrik Magga
5587:Jalmari Helander
5532:Film and theatre
5515:, musical group.
5481:(1971–present),
5479:Ulla Pirttijärvi
5461:Mikkâl Morottaja
5449:Gustav Kappfjell
5379:, musical group.
5207:Uralic languages
5198:(born 1977), in
5049:Northern Ontario
4364:Speakers (2010)
4358:Speakers (1997)
4343:
4342:
4194:Sámi child, 1923
4071:Sámi Collections
3934:
3822:county in Norway
3810:county in Norway
3804:county in Norway
3780:county in Norway
3686:Dablot Prejjesne
3629:Province of Oulu
3580:Reindeer herding
3571:Reindeer herding
3543:Church of Sweden
3489:
3400:of the same name
3219:Sámi woman from
2897:Eastern Orthodox
2853:
2852:
2851:Sámi soga lávlla
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2815:Sámi soga lávlla
2808:Sámi soga lávlla
2771:
2659:Border conflicts
2548:Ole Henrik Magga
2540:Sven-Roald Nystø
2525:Sámi Parliaments
2427:
2386:
2385:
2322:Janne Seurujärvi
2078:Church of Sweden
2057:Norwegianization
1999:Alta controversy
1927:mine reclamation
1867:Sámi soga lávlla
1803:Christianization
1778:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1735:
1727:
1709:Nasa silver mine
1665:
1659:
1613:Fishing industry
1541:Three Sámi women
1519:Hol Municipality
1484:
1481:
1414:hunter-gatherers
1361:Finnish Lakeland
1329:Uralic languages
1296:
1290:
1284:
1274:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1220:Stockholm County
1217:
1207:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1090:
1084:
1060:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:Saxo Grammaticus
1000:
984:
978:
972:
966:
932:
914:
908:
902:
894:
866:hunter-gatherers
863:
856:
836:
818:
810:
809:
804:
796:
782:
760:
743:
736:
729:
719:
707:
699:
691:
681:
675:
668:
662:
652:
637:
631:
620:
602:
601:
596:
583:
560:
554:
548:
511:reindeer herding
489:
428:
423:
422:
419:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
278:
276:
275:
258:
256:
255:
240:
238:
237:
222:
220:
219:
204:
202:
201:
186:
184:
183:
164:Estimated 80,000
159:Total population
153:
150:
141:
127:
60:
56:
21:
15901:
15900:
15896:
15895:
15894:
15892:
15891:
15890:
15816:
15815:
15814:
15809:
15753:
15724:Caucasus Greeks
15696:Afro-Abkhazians
15694:
15678:
15624:
15580:
15548:Kola Norwegians
15546:
15497:
15478:
15459:
15452:
15389:
15375:
15368:
15349:
15342:
15335:
15328:
15321:
15297:
15290:
15283:
15269:
15200:
15160:
15137:
15103:
15096:
15064:
15060:
15053:
14940:
14921:
14914:
14907:
14900:
14893:
14886:
14882:Siberian Tatars
14867:
14839:
14785:
14767:
14729:
14695:
14671:
14664:
14582:
14575:
14561:
14554:
14547:
14540:
14531:
14514:
14500:
14491:
14486:Baikal Cossacks
14484:
14477:
14470:
14456:
14449:
14435:
14421:
14414:
14400:
14390:
14386:
14376:
14372:
14348:
14327:
14320:
14271:
14264:
14240:
14211:
14204:
14197:
14183:
14176:
14169:
14156:
14149:
14144:
14114:
14105:
14084:
14080:Kola Sámi Radio
14048:
14014:
13994:
13967:
13947:
13942:Sámi magasiidna
13879:
13852:
13832:
13820:Daerpies Dierie
13805:
13721:
13696:
13675:
13654:Central Western
13638:
13617:
13562:
13511:
13505:
13475:
13470:
13460:
13413:
13385:
13362:
13325:
13252:
13194:
13067:
13061:
13028:Wayback Machine
12980:
12882:
12848:
12846:Further reading
12838:
12774:Nature Research
12716:Current Biology
12702:
12684:
12679:
12678:
12668:
12666:
12656:
12652:
12642:
12640:
12630:
12626:
12616:
12614:
12599:
12595:
12585:
12583:
12573:
12569:
12559:
12557:
12546:
12542:
12532:
12530:
12517:
12516:
12512:
12502:
12500:
12485:
12481:
12471:
12469:
12458:"Suddenly Sami"
12456:
12455:
12451:
12441:
12439:
12430:
12429:
12425:
12415:
12413:
12400:
12399:
12395:
12385:
12383:
12368:
12364:
12354:
12352:
12343:
12342:
12338:
12328:
12326:
12313:
12312:
12308:
12300:
12296:
12295:
12288:
12271:
12270:
12266:
12256:
12254:
12245:
12244:
12240:
12230:
12228:
12219:
12218:
12214:
12204:
12202:
12193:
12192:
12188:
12151:
12147:
12137:
12135:
12126:
12125:
12121:
12111:
12109:
12100:
12099:
12095:
12090:
12083:
12073:
12071:
12062:
12061:
12057:
12047:
12045:
12038:Reader's Digest
12030:
12023:
12013:
12011:
12002:
12001:
11994:
11984:
11982:
11973:
11972:
11968:
11929:
11925:
11915:
11913:
11900:
11899:
11895:
11879:
11878:
11871:
11869:
11864:
11863:
11859:
11843:
11842:
11835:
11833:
11829:
11823:
11819:
11808:
11804:
11799:. Radio Sweden.
11793:
11789:
11778:
11774:
11764:
11762:
11749:
11748:
11741:
11724:
11723:
11719:
11704:
11700:
11687:
11680:
11673:
11669:
11661:
11657:
11649:
11645:
11631:
11630:
11626:
11581:
11577:
11567:
11565:
11546:
11545:
11541:
11528:
11524:
11514:
11512:
11497:
11496:
11492:
11482:
11480:
11467:
11466:
11462:
11452:
11450:
11446:
11435:
11430:
11429:
11425:
11415:
11413:
11400:
11399:
11395:
11385:
11383:
11370:
11369:
11365:
11355:
11353:
11338:
11334:
11324:
11322:
11309:
11308:
11304:
11294:
11292:
11277:
11273:
11226:
11222:
11212:
11210:
11197:
11196:
11192:
11182:
11180:
11165:
11161:
11151:
11149:
11145:
11138:
11132:
11128:
11119:
11112:
11100:
11098:
11089:
11088:
11084:
11080:
11068:
11066:
11057:
11056:
11044:
11040:
11030:
11028:
11017:
11008:
11003:on 24 May 2006.
10989:
10985:
10975:
10973:
10958:
10957:
10953:
10943:
10941:
10934:Virtual Finland
10926:
10922:
10912:
10910:
10897:
10896:
10892:
10882:
10880:
10879:on 19 July 2007
10867:
10866:
10862:
10852:
10850:
10837:
10836:
10832:
10822:
10820:
10807:
10806:
10802:
10792:
10790:
10789:on 20 July 2011
10773:
10769:
10759:
10757:
10740:
10736:
10726:
10724:
10711:
10710:
10706:
10696:
10694:
10679:
10678:
10674:
10661:
10657:
10640:
10636:
10627:
10623:
10614:
10610:
10600:
10598:
10582:
10576:
10572:
10562:
10560:
10547:
10546:
10542:
10532:
10530:
10521:
10520:
10516:
10485:
10481:
10471:
10469:
10456:
10455:
10451:
10441:
10439:
10424:
10420:
10412:
10405:
10403:"Kompani Nomad"
10399:
10395:
10376:
10369:
10359:
10357:
10344:
10343:
10339:
10332:
10306:
10302:
10292:
10290:
10271:
10267:
10257:
10255:
10246:
10245:
10241:
10231:
10229:
10227:
10211:
10207:
10197:
10195:
10186:
10185:
10181:
10171:
10169:
10162:The Nordic Page
10156:
10155:
10151:
10141:
10139:
10138:on 23 June 2013
10130:
10129:
10125:
10111:
10107:
10097:
10095:
10084:
10075:
10052:
10048:
10038:
10036:
10029:
10013:
10009:
10002:
9988:
9984:
9974:
9972:
9957:
9956:
9952:
9942:
9940:
9923:
9916:
9906:
9904:
9900:
9889:
9883:
9879:
9872:
9854:
9850:
9840:
9838:
9825:
9824:
9820:
9810:
9808:
9801:
9785:
9781:
9771:
9769:
9756:
9755:
9751:
9741:
9739:
9726:
9725:
9721:
9684:
9680:
9665:
9643:
9639:
9629:
9627:
9614:
9613:
9609:
9599:
9597:
9593:
9589:. 14 May 2010.
9582:
9578:
9577:
9573:
9563:
9561:
9552:
9551:
9547:
9537:
9535:
9526:
9525:
9521:
9511:
9509:
9500:
9499:
9495:
9485:
9483:
9479:
9472:
9466:
9462:
9452:
9450:
9446:
9439:
9435:
9434:
9430:
9420:
9418:
9414:
9407:
9399:
9395:
9375:
9371:
9357:
9356:
9352:
9341:
9337:
9326:
9319:
9308:
9304:
9293:Northern Review
9285:
9281:
9270:
9266:
9245:
9241:
9236:on 11 May 2011.
9222:
9185:
9175:
9173:
9155:
9151:
9141:
9139:
9124:
9120:
9110:
9108:
9093:
9092:
9088:
9081:
9071:
9064:
9054:
9052:
9047:. 9 June 2009.
9039:
9038:
9034:
9024:
9022:
9007:
9006:
9002:
8992:
8990:
8986:
8975:
8969:
8965:
8955:
8953:
8938:
8937:
8928:
8918:
8916:
8912:
8901:
8895:
8891:
8884:
8870:
8866:
8859:
8845:
8841:
8831:
8829:
8821:
8820:
8816:
8806:
8804:
8796:
8795:
8791:
8784:
8767:
8763:
8753:
8751:
8736:
8732:
8722:
8720:
8707:
8706:
8702:
8679:
8675:
8665:
8663:
8654:
8653:
8649:
8639:
8637:
8626:
8622:
8612:
8610:
8606:
8600:
8581:
8575:
8571:
8561:
8559:
8544:
8543:
8539:
8532:
8518:
8514:
8504:
8502:
8493:
8492:
8488:
8478:
8476:
8465:
8458:
8454:
8421:
8417:
8407:
8405:
8400:. EALÁT. 2010.
8392:
8391:
8387:
8375:
8373:
8364:
8363:
8359:Lexington Books
8354:
8350:
8338:
8336:
8327:
8326:
8320:"Aigi (Time)".
8319:
8318:
8314:
8304:
8302:
8298:
8291:
8285:
8281:
8271:
8269:
8254:
8253:
8249:
8244:on 11 May 2011.
8234:
8230:
8220:
8218:
8203:
8202:
8198:
8188:
8186:
8173:
8172:
8168:
8158:
8156:
8141:
8137:
8127:
8125:
8110:
8106:
8096:
8094:
8075:
8071:
8061:
8059:
8054:. EALAT. 2010.
8046:
8045:
8041:
8031:
8029:
8014:
8010:
7995:
7988:
7978:
7976:
7966:
7965:
7961:
7951:
7949:
7932:
7928:
7918:
7916:
7899:
7892:
7880:
7878:
7869:
7868:
7864:
7860:
7847:
7846:
7842:
7835:Kvæfjord Census
7829:
7828:
7824:
7811:
7810:
7806:
7798:
7794:
7786:
7782:
7772:
7770:
7766:
7755:
7751:
7750:
7743:
7735:
7731:
7723:
7719:
7711:
7707:
7699:
7695:
7685:
7683:
7676:
7660:
7656:
7642:
7640:
7619:
7615:
7607:
7603:
7593:
7591:
7580:
7576:
7570:
7555:
7551:
7544:
7520:
7513:
7498:Nielsen, Yngvar
7495:
7491:
7484:
7476:. Rättsfonden.
7470:
7466:
7455:
7451:
7444:
7423:
7419:
7402:
7401:
7397:
7351:Current Biology
7342:
7338:
7275:
7268:
7258:
7256:
7241:
7237:
7218:
7214:
7207:
7189:
7182:
7172:
7170:
7153:
7149:
7133:
7132:
7125:
7123:
7119:Nomadic Peoples
7114:
7110:
7100:
7098:
7091:
7075:
7071:
7059:
7057:
7048:
7047:
7040:
7038:
7019:
7015:
7005:
7003:
7002:on 18 June 2019
6987:
6983:
6973:
6971:
6952:
6948:
6925:
6921:
6911:
6909:
6894:
6893:
6889:
6879:
6877:
6860:
6853:
6838:
6834:
6824:
6822:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6795:
6777:
6773:
6746:
6742:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6715:
6708:
6685:
6681:
6673:
6669:
6654:
6650:
6640:
6638:
6619:
6610:
6596:
6594:
6577:
6573:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6546:
6540:
6533:
6523:
6521:
6502:
6498:
6488:
6486:
6485:on 29 June 2011
6471:
6464:
6454:
6452:
6437:
6436:
6432:
6422:
6420:
6408:
6404:
6403:
6399:
6389:
6387:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6369:on 2 June 2014.
6355:
6354:
6350:
6340:
6338:
6321:
6314:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6280:
6278:
6263:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6239:
6234:
6230:
6225:
6221:
6216:
6212:
6207:
6148:Frode Fjellheim
6002:Finnish Lapland
5998:Valkoinen peura
5988:
5943:
5934:Sampo Lappelill
5918:Hamburg culture
5904:
5890:
5873:
5867:
5856:, voted to the
5766:
5760:
5734:
5711:
5676:Isak Mikal Saba
5648:
5639:Renée Zellweger
5593:Lance Henriksen
5579:, based on the
5540:
5534:
5415:Frode Fjellheim
5383:The Blacksheeps
5363:
5336:Isak Mikal Saba
5302:Anders Fjellner
5281:
5262:Fridtjof Nansen
5254:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5144:
5109:genetic studies
5105:Anthropologists
5094:
5088:
5086:Genetic studies
4989:
4909:
4879:
4853:
4828:
4352:Language group
4265:
4259:
4213:native language
4188:
4129:Sámi Parliament
4095:Finnmark Estate
3983:Ája Sámi Center
3928:
3889:
3877:Sámi Parliament
3796:Murmansk oblast
3784:Jämtland county
3747:Sámi people in
3741:
3709:
3703:
3701:Cultural region
3640:
3573:
3567:
3545:as part of the
3526:
3518:
3483:
3472:
3452:
3415:
3409:
3319:
3313:
3276:
3258:
3252:
3197:
3191:
3155:
3100:
3092:Main articles:
3090:
3036:
3030:
2986:as part of his
2980:Norse mythology
2905:
2870:
2864:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2810:
2804:
2788:
2782:
2774:Anders Fjellner
2769:
2743:
2737:
2725:
2717:
2661:
2652:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2533:
2527:
2518:
2498:
2467:Murmansk Oblast
2375:
2336:Finnish Lapland
2303:
2273:Sámi Parliament
2266:
2187:Finnmark Estate
2158:Sámi Parliament
2113:
2108:
2103:
2049:
2040:
2027:nuclear fallout
2007:
1986:
1970:landrättigheter
1951:
1905:
1888:
1844:war destruction
1827:Elin Anna Labba
1779:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1748:
1736:
1725:
1681:
1672:Sámi Parliament
1615:
1548:
1535:
1523:Ål Municipality
1482:
1468:
1434:
1406:in the region.
1339:, which is the
1309:
1303:
1263:Finnish Lapland
941:
819:) in classical
775:
773:Finn (ethnonym)
769:
692:must come from
614:: Proto-Baltic
549:(the Sámis) or
541:
525:
519:
432:; also spelled
426:
403:
399:
372:
344:
273:
271:
265:
253:
251:
235:
233:
217:
215:
199:
197:
181:
179:
154:
151:
143:Sámi outside a
132:
118:
112:
103:
94:
81:
72:
55:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15899:
15889:
15888:
15883:
15878:
15873:
15868:
15863:
15858:
15853:
15848:
15843:
15838:
15833:
15828:
15811:
15810:
15808:
15807:
15802:
15797:
15792:
15787:
15782:
15777:
15772:
15767:
15761:
15759:
15755:
15754:
15752:
15751:
15746:
15741:
15736:
15731:
15726:
15721:
15716:
15714:Astrakhan Jews
15711:
15706:
15701:
15700:
15699:
15686:
15684:
15680:
15679:
15677:
15676:
15671:
15666:
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15641:
15636:
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15607:
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15586:
15585:
15573:
15568:
15563:
15558:
15553:
15552:
15551:
15539:
15534:
15529:
15524:
15519:
15514:
15509:
15504:
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15490:
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15484:
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15471:
15466:
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15457:
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15426:
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15411:
15406:
15401:
15396:
15395:
15394:
15382:
15381:
15380:
15373:
15361:
15356:
15355:
15354:
15347:
15340:
15333:
15326:
15314:
15309:
15304:
15303:
15302:
15299:Siberian Finns
15295:
15292:Murmansk Finns
15288:
15276:
15275:
15274:
15262:
15257:
15252:
15247:
15242:
15237:
15232:
15227:
15222:
15217:
15212:
15207:
15206:
15205:
15193:
15188:
15183:
15178:
15172:
15170:
15166:
15165:
15162:
15161:
15159:
15158:
15156:Tver Karelians
15153:
15147:
15145:
15139:
15138:
15136:
15135:
15130:
15125:
15120:
15115:
15110:
15109:
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15101:
15089:
15084:
15079:
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15073:
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14568:
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14559:
14552:
14545:
14526:
14521:
14520:
14519:
14507:
14506:
14505:
14498:
14497:
14496:
14493:Kuban Cossacks
14489:
14482:
14463:
14462:
14461:
14454:
14442:
14441:
14440:
14428:
14427:
14426:
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14398:
14384:
14365:
14360:
14355:
14354:
14353:
14341:
14336:
14335:
14334:
14333:
14332:
14313:
14308:
14303:
14298:
14293:
14288:
14283:
14281:Crimean Tatars
14278:
14277:
14276:
14269:
14257:
14252:
14247:
14246:
14245:
14233:
14228:
14223:
14218:
14217:
14216:
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14190:
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14174:
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14142:
14135:
14128:
14120:
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14110:
14107:
14106:
14104:
14103:
14098:
14092:
14090:
14086:
14085:
14083:
14082:
14077:
14072:
14070:Yle Sámi Radio
14067:
14062:
14056:
14054:
14050:
14049:
14047:
14046:
14041:
14034:
14026:
14024:
14020:
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13996:
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13957:
13955:
13949:
13948:
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13902:
13900:
13891:
13885:
13884:
13881:
13880:
13878:
13877:
13870:
13862:
13860:
13854:
13853:
13851:
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13842:
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13807:
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13663:
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13598:
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13577:
13570:
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13563:
13561:
13560:
13555:
13550:
13545:
13540:
13535:
13530:
13525:
13519:
13517:
13513:
13512:
13504:
13503:
13496:
13489:
13481:
13472:
13471:
13469:
13468:
13455:
13449:
13444:
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13406:
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13387:
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13364:
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13346:
13335:
13333:
13327:
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13323:
13315:
13307:
13299:
13294:
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13284:
13283:
13282:
13279:
13274:
13271:
13262:
13260:
13254:
13253:
13251:
13250:
13245:
13240:
13235:
13230:
13225:
13220:
13215:
13210:
13204:
13202:
13196:
13195:
13193:
13192:
13191:
13190:
13186:Volkhov Chudes
13174:
13173:
13172:
13159:
13154:
13147:
13146:
13145:
13143:Tver Karelians
13135:
13130:
13129:
13128:
13123:
13118:
13113:
13103:
13102:
13101:
13096:
13086:
13077:
13075:
13069:
13068:
13060:
13059:
13052:
13045:
13037:
13031:
13030:
13018:
13009:
13004:
12993:
12979:
12978:External links
12976:
12975:
12974:
12956:
12942:
12928:
12914:
12900:
12881:
12878:
12877:
12876:
12864:
12847:
12844:
12843:
12842:
12836:
12812:
12755:
12706:
12700:
12683:
12680:
12677:
12676:
12650:
12624:
12605:(in Finnish).
12593:
12567:
12540:
12510:
12479:
12449:
12423:
12393:
12362:
12336:
12306:
12286:
12264:
12253:on 29 May 2009
12238:
12212:
12186:
12165:(3): 227–236.
12145:
12119:
12093:
12081:
12055:
12021:
11992:
11966:
11939:(4): 483–490.
11923:
11906:NRK Sámi Radio
11893:
11857:
11817:
11802:
11787:
11772:
11739:
11717:
11698:
11678:
11667:
11655:
11651:Malmström 2009
11643:
11634:Ennen, muinoin
11624:
11601:10.1086/383203
11595:(4): 661–682.
11575:
11539:
11522:
11490:
11460:
11423:
11408:(in Swedish).
11393:
11378:(in Swedish).
11363:
11332:
11302:
11271:
11236:(4): 493–514.
11220:
11190:
11159:
11126:
11110:
11101:|journal=
11078:
11069:|journal=
11038:
11006:
10983:
10951:
10920:
10890:
10860:
10830:
10813:Kansan Uutiset
10800:
10767:
10734:
10704:
10693:on 5 June 2009
10681:"Saamelaisuus"
10672:
10655:
10634:
10621:
10608:
10589:. New Series.
10570:
10540:
10514:
10479:
10462:Sveriges Radio
10449:
10434:(in Swedish).
10418:
10393:
10367:
10337:
10330:
10300:
10265:
10239:
10225:
10205:
10179:
10149:
10123:
10105:
10073:
10062:(3): 199–221.
10046:
10027:
10007:
10000:
9982:
9950:
9914:
9877:
9870:
9848:
9818:
9799:
9779:
9749:
9734:(in Finnish).
9719:
9678:
9663:
9637:
9607:
9571:
9545:
9519:
9493:
9460:
9428:
9417:on 7 June 2003
9393:
9369:
9350:
9335:
9317:
9302:
9299:on 1 May 2011.
9279:
9264:
9239:
9183:
9149:
9118:
9086:
9079:
9062:
9043:(in Swedish).
9032:
9014:United Nations
9000:
8963:
8926:
8889:
8882:
8864:
8857:
8839:
8814:
8789:
8782:
8761:
8730:
8700:
8689:(105): 61–79.
8673:
8647:
8620:
8598:
8569:
8537:
8530:
8512:
8486:
8471:(in Russian).
8452:
8415:
8385:
8376:|journal=
8348:
8339:|journal=
8312:
8279:
8247:
8228:
8196:
8166:
8135:
8104:
8069:
8039:
8008:
8005:on 1 May 2011.
7986:
7959:
7926:
7890:
7881:|journal=
7858:
7840:
7822:
7804:
7800:Urbańczyk 1992
7792:
7788:Urbańczyk 1992
7780:
7741:
7739:, p. 245.
7737:Urbańczyk 1992
7729:
7727:, p. 256.
7725:Urbańczyk 1992
7717:
7715:, p. 250.
7713:Urbańczyk 1992
7705:
7701:Urbańczyk 1992
7693:
7674:
7654:
7613:
7611:, p. 255.
7609:Urbańczyk 1992
7601:
7574:
7568:
7549:
7542:
7511:
7489:
7482:
7464:
7449:
7442:
7417:
7395:
7336:
7266:
7251:(in Finnish).
7235:
7228:(in Finnish).
7226:Muinaistutkija
7212:
7205:
7180:
7147:
7108:
7089:
7069:
7060:|journal=
7013:
6981:
6946:
6919:
6887:
6851:
6832:
6817:. March 2021.
6800:
6793:
6771:
6740:
6725:
6706:
6679:
6667:
6664:. p. 542.
6648:
6637:on 8 July 2004
6608:
6571:
6531:
6508:[The word
6496:
6462:
6430:
6397:
6372:
6348:
6333:(in Swedish).
6312:
6288:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6237:
6228:
6219:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6201:
6193:
6178:
6170:
6162:
6157:, is based on
6132:
6124:
6112:
6104:
6098:
6079:
6071:
6063:
6055:
6045:
6037:
6025:
6017:
6005:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5885:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5843:
5840:Lars Rønningen
5837:
5831:
5817:
5807:
5804:John Halvorsen
5801:
5795:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5729:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5695:
5689:
5679:
5673:
5667:
5664:Helga Pedersen
5661:
5655:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5636:
5630:
5624:
5614:
5608:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5558:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5522:
5519:Niko Valkeapää
5516:
5510:
5504:
5498:
5492:
5486:
5476:
5470:
5467:Jaco Pastorius
5464:
5458:
5452:
5446:
5440:
5437:Agnete Johnsen
5434:
5428:
5422:
5412:
5402:
5396:
5390:
5380:
5370:Agnete Johnsen
5362:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5327:
5313:
5299:
5296:Ella Holm Bull
5280:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5269:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5225:Louise Bäckman
5222:
5191:
5188:
5183:Main article:
5180:
5177:
5143:
5140:
5090:Main article:
5087:
5084:
5073:Sámi in Alaska
4988:
4985:
4921:Kola Peninsula
4908:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4894:
4891:mearasapmelash
4887:
4878:
4875:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4852:
4849:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4817:
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4455:
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4421:
4420:
4411:
4406:
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4400:
4397:
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4384:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4280:Sámi languages
4263:Sámi languages
4261:Main article:
4258:
4255:
4247:Kola Peninsula
4187:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4158:
4148:
4142:
4132:
4110:
4104:
4084:
4067:NRK Sámi Radio
4056:
4033:
4032:
4026:
4020:
3992:
3986:
3972:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3888:
3885:
3830:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3802:Nord-Trøndelag
3799:
3793:
3790:Lapland region
3787:
3781:
3740:
3737:
3723:in Sweden and
3705:Main article:
3702:
3699:
3644:Laestadianists
3639:
3636:
3569:Main article:
3566:
3563:
3525:
3522:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3451:
3448:
3411:Main article:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3388:
3377:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3355:Sámi languages
3315:Main article:
3312:
3309:
3262:Four Winds hat
3254:Main article:
3251:
3248:
3193:Main article:
3190:
3189:Duodji (craft)
3187:
3154:
3151:
3089:
3086:
3059:Roman Catholic
3032:Main article:
3029:
3026:
3002:Theory of Gods
2904:
2901:
2868:Sámi shamanism
2866:Main article:
2863:
2860:
2856:Sámi languages
2806:Main article:
2803:
2800:
2784:Main article:
2781:
2778:
2739:Main article:
2736:
2733:
2724:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2632:European Union
2614:
2611:
2602:
2599:
2590:
2587:
2544:Aili Keskitalo
2529:Main article:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2497:
2494:
2481:Krasnoshchelye
2456:Kola Peninsula
2374:
2371:
2302:
2299:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2208:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2006:
2003:
1985:
1982:
1950:
1947:
1904:
1901:
1887:
1884:
1840:scorched earth
1781:
1780:
1739:
1737:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1680:
1677:
1614:
1611:
1583:bubonic plague
1560:bubonic plague
1547:
1546:Bubonic plague
1544:
1534:
1531:
1490:Yngvar Nielsen
1467:
1464:
1433:
1430:
1396:Kola Peninsula
1305:Main article:
1302:
1299:
1027:Acta Lapponica
991:Norse language
989:came into the
940:
935:
771:Main article:
768:
763:
720:, itself from
711:Proto-Germanic
540:
537:
518:
515:
492:Sámi languages
466:Kola Peninsula
390:
389:
370:Sámi Shamanism
366:
365:
361:
360:
296:Sámi languages
291:
290:
286:
285:
282:
268:
267:
262:
248:
247:
244:
230:
229:
226:
212:
211:
208:
194:
193:
190:
176:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
142:
134:
133:
128:
120:
119:
63:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15898:
15887:
15884:
15882:
15879:
15877:
15874:
15872:
15871:Modern nomads
15869:
15867:
15864:
15862:
15859:
15857:
15854:
15852:
15849:
15847:
15844:
15842:
15839:
15837:
15834:
15832:
15829:
15827:
15824:
15823:
15821:
15806:
15803:
15801:
15798:
15796:
15793:
15791:
15788:
15786:
15783:
15781:
15778:
15776:
15773:
15771:
15768:
15766:
15763:
15762:
15760:
15756:
15750:
15747:
15745:
15742:
15740:
15739:Pontic Greeks
15737:
15735:
15732:
15730:
15727:
15725:
15722:
15720:
15717:
15715:
15712:
15710:
15707:
15705:
15702:
15697:
15693:
15692:
15691:
15688:
15687:
15685:
15681:
15675:
15672:
15670:
15667:
15665:
15662:
15660:
15657:
15655:
15652:
15650:
15647:
15645:
15642:
15640:
15637:
15635:
15632:
15627:
15623:
15622:
15621:
15618:
15616:
15613:
15611:
15608:
15606:
15603:
15601:
15598:
15596:
15593:
15591:
15588:
15583:
15579:
15578:
15577:
15574:
15572:
15569:
15567:
15564:
15562:
15559:
15557:
15554:
15549:
15545:
15544:
15543:
15540:
15538:
15535:
15533:
15532:Mountain Jews
15530:
15528:
15525:
15523:
15520:
15518:
15515:
15513:
15510:
15508:
15505:
15500:
15496:
15495:
15494:
15491:
15489:
15486:
15481:
15477:
15476:
15475:
15472:
15470:
15467:
15462:
15458:
15455:
15454:North Koreans
15451:
15450:
15449:
15446:
15441:
15437:
15436:
15435:
15432:
15430:
15427:
15425:
15422:
15420:
15417:
15415:
15412:
15410:
15407:
15405:
15402:
15400:
15397:
15392:
15388:
15387:
15386:
15383:
15378:
15377:Volga Germans
15374:
15371:
15367:
15366:
15365:
15362:
15360:
15359:Georgian Jews
15357:
15352:
15348:
15345:
15341:
15338:
15334:
15331:
15327:
15324:
15320:
15319:
15318:
15315:
15313:
15310:
15308:
15305:
15300:
15296:
15293:
15289:
15286:
15285:Ingrian Finns
15282:
15281:
15280:
15277:
15272:
15268:
15267:
15266:
15263:
15261:
15258:
15256:
15253:
15251:
15248:
15246:
15243:
15241:
15240:Bukharan Jews
15238:
15236:
15233:
15231:
15228:
15226:
15223:
15221:
15218:
15216:
15213:
15211:
15208:
15203:
15199:
15198:
15197:
15194:
15192:
15189:
15187:
15184:
15182:
15179:
15177:
15174:
15173:
15171:
15167:
15157:
15154:
15152:
15149:
15148:
15146:
15144:
15140:
15134:
15131:
15129:
15126:
15124:
15121:
15119:
15116:
15114:
15111:
15106:
15102:
15099:
15095:
15094:
15093:
15090:
15088:
15085:
15083:
15080:
15078:
15075:
15068:
15063:
15059:
15056:
15052:
15051:
15050:
15047:
15045:
15042:
15040:
15037:
15035:
15032:
15030:
15027:
15025:
15022:
15020:
15017:
15015:
15012:
15010:
15007:
15005:
15002:
15000:
14997:
14995:
14992:
14990:
14987:
14985:
14982:
14980:
14977:
14975:
14972:
14970:
14967:
14965:
14962:
14960:
14957:
14955:
14952:
14951:
14949:
14947:
14943:
14937:
14934:
14932:
14929:
14924:
14920:
14917:
14913:
14910:
14909:Kalmak Tatars
14906:
14903:
14902:Eushta Tatars
14899:
14896:
14892:
14889:
14888:Baraba Tatars
14885:
14884:
14883:
14880:
14878:
14875:
14870:
14866:
14865:
14864:
14861:
14859:
14856:
14854:
14851:
14850:
14848:
14846:
14842:
14836:
14833:
14831:
14828:
14826:
14823:
14821:
14818:
14816:
14813:
14811:
14808:
14806:
14803:
14801:
14798:
14796:
14793:
14788:
14784:
14783:
14782:
14779:
14778:
14776:
14774:
14770:
14764:
14761:
14759:
14756:
14754:
14751:
14749:
14746:
14744:
14741:
14740:
14738:
14736:
14732:
14726:
14723:
14721:
14718:
14716:
14713:
14711:
14708:
14706:
14703:
14698:
14694:
14693:
14692:
14689:
14687:
14684:
14682:
14679:
14674:
14670:
14667:
14663:
14662:
14661:
14658:
14656:
14653:
14651:
14648:
14646:
14643:
14641:
14638:
14636:
14633:
14631:
14628:
14626:
14623:
14621:
14618:
14616:
14613:
14611:
14608:
14606:
14603:
14601:
14598:
14597:
14595:
14593:
14589:
14586:
14584:
14578:
14572:
14569:
14564:
14560:
14557:
14556:Mishar Tatars
14553:
14550:
14546:
14543:
14539:
14538:
14535:
14530:
14527:
14525:
14522:
14517:
14513:
14512:
14511:
14508:
14503:
14499:
14494:
14490:
14487:
14483:
14480:
14476:
14475:
14473:
14469:
14468:
14467:
14464:
14459:
14455:
14452:
14448:
14447:
14446:
14443:
14438:
14434:
14433:
14432:
14429:
14424:
14420:
14417:
14413:
14412:
14411:
14408:
14403:
14399:
14394:
14389:
14388:Mountain Mari
14385:
14380:
14375:
14371:
14370:
14369:
14366:
14364:
14361:
14359:
14356:
14351:
14347:
14346:
14345:
14342:
14340:
14337:
14330:
14326:
14325:
14323:
14319:
14318:
14317:
14314:
14312:
14309:
14307:
14304:
14302:
14299:
14297:
14294:
14292:
14289:
14287:
14284:
14282:
14279:
14274:
14270:
14267:
14263:
14262:
14261:
14258:
14256:
14253:
14251:
14248:
14243:
14239:
14238:
14237:
14234:
14232:
14229:
14227:
14224:
14222:
14219:
14214:
14210:
14207:
14203:
14200:
14196:
14195:
14194:
14191:
14186:
14182:
14179:
14175:
14172:
14168:
14167:
14166:
14163:
14162:
14160:
14158:
14157:nationalities
14152:
14148:
14141:
14136:
14134:
14129:
14127:
14122:
14121:
14118:
14102:
14099:
14097:
14094:
14093:
14091:
14087:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14068:
14066:
14063:
14061:
14058:
14057:
14055:
14051:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14039:
14035:
14033:
14032:
14028:
14027:
14025:
14021:
14011:
14010:
14006:
14005:
14003:
14001:
13997:
13991:
13990:
13986:
13984:
13983:
13979:
13978:
13976:
13974:
13970:
13964:
13963:
13959:
13958:
13956:
13954:
13950:
13944:
13943:
13939:
13937:
13936:
13932:
13930:
13929:
13925:
13923:
13922:
13918:
13916:
13915:
13911:
13909:
13908:
13904:
13903:
13901:
13899:
13898:Northern Sámi
13895:
13892:
13890:
13886:
13876:
13875:
13871:
13869:
13868:
13864:
13863:
13861:
13859:
13855:
13849:
13848:
13844:
13843:
13841:
13839:
13835:
13829:
13828:
13824:
13822:
13821:
13817:
13816:
13814:
13812:
13811:Southern Sámi
13808:
13802:
13801:
13797:
13795:
13794:
13790:
13788:
13787:
13783:
13781:
13780:
13776:
13774:
13773:
13769:
13767:
13766:
13762:
13760:
13759:
13755:
13754:
13752:
13750:
13749:Northern Sámi
13746:
13743:
13741:
13737:
13734:
13732:
13728:
13718:
13715:
13713:
13710:
13709:
13707:
13703:
13693:
13690:
13688:
13687:Southern Sámi
13685:
13684:
13682:
13678:
13672:
13669:
13667:
13666:Northern Sámi
13664:
13662:
13659:
13658:
13656:
13652:
13649:
13645:
13635:
13632:
13630:
13627:
13626:
13624:
13620:
13614:
13611:
13608:
13605:
13602:
13599:
13597:
13594:
13591:
13588:
13587:
13585:
13581:
13578:
13574:
13571:
13569:
13565:
13559:
13556:
13554:
13551:
13549:
13546:
13544:
13541:
13539:
13536:
13534:
13531:
13529:
13526:
13524:
13521:
13520:
13518:
13514:
13510:
13502:
13497:
13495:
13490:
13488:
13483:
13482:
13479:
13464:
13459:
13456:
13453:
13450:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13440:
13438:
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13424:
13422:
13420:
13416:
13410:
13407:
13405:
13402:
13400:
13397:
13396:
13394:
13392:
13388:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13373:
13371:
13369:
13365:
13357:
13354:
13353:
13352:
13349:
13345:
13342:
13341:
13340:
13337:
13336:
13334:
13332:
13328:
13321:
13320:
13316:
13313:
13312:
13308:
13305:
13304:
13300:
13298:
13295:
13293:
13290:
13288:
13285:
13280:
13278:
13275:
13272:
13269:
13268:
13267:
13264:
13263:
13261:
13259:
13255:
13249:
13246:
13244:
13241:
13239:
13238:Southern Sámi
13236:
13234:
13231:
13229:
13226:
13224:
13223:Northern Sámi
13221:
13219:
13216:
13214:
13211:
13209:
13206:
13205:
13203:
13201:
13197:
13188:
13187:
13183:
13182:
13180:
13179:
13175:
13170:
13169:
13165:
13164:
13163:
13160:
13158:
13155:
13153:
13152:
13148:
13144:
13141:
13140:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13127:
13124:
13122:
13119:
13117:
13116:Ingrian Finns
13114:
13112:
13109:
13108:
13107:
13104:
13100:
13097:
13095:
13092:
13091:
13090:
13087:
13084:
13083:
13079:
13078:
13076:
13074:
13070:
13066:
13058:
13053:
13051:
13046:
13044:
13039:
13038:
13035:
13029:
13025:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13007:Saami Council
13005:
13002:
12998:
12994:
12991:
12986:
12982:
12981:
12972:
12968:
12964:
12960:
12957:
12954:
12950:
12946:
12943:
12940:
12936:
12932:
12929:
12926:
12922:
12918:
12915:
12912:
12908:
12904:
12901:
12898:
12894:
12890:
12889:
12884:
12883:
12873:
12869:
12868:Paine, Robert
12865:
12863:
12858:
12854:
12853:Paine, Robert
12850:
12849:
12839:
12833:
12829:
12825:
12821:
12817:
12813:
12809:
12805:
12800:
12795:
12791:
12787:
12783:
12779:
12775:
12771:
12767:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12752:
12748:
12743:
12738:
12734:
12730:
12727:: 1758–1762.
12726:
12722:
12718:
12717:
12712:
12707:
12703:
12697:
12693:
12692:
12686:
12685:
12665:
12661:
12654:
12639:
12635:
12628:
12612:
12608:
12604:
12597:
12582:
12578:
12571:
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12551:
12544:
12528:
12524:
12520:
12514:
12498:
12494:
12490:
12483:
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12463:
12459:
12453:
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12427:
12411:
12407:
12403:
12397:
12381:
12377:
12373:
12366:
12350:
12346:
12340:
12324:
12320:
12316:
12310:
12299:
12293:
12291:
12282:
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12274:
12268:
12252:
12248:
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12226:
12222:
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12200:
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12133:
12129:
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12107:
12103:
12097:
12088:
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12069:
12065:
12059:
12043:
12039:
12035:
12028:
12026:
12009:
12005:
11999:
11997:
11980:
11976:
11970:
11962:
11958:
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11897:
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11867:
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11806:
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11756:
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11731:
11727:
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11713:
11709:
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11685:
11683:
11671:
11664:
11659:
11652:
11647:
11639:
11635:
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11616:
11611:
11606:
11602:
11598:
11594:
11590:
11586:
11579:
11563:
11559:
11555:
11554:
11549:
11543:
11535:
11534:
11526:
11510:
11506:
11505:
11500:
11499:"About Báiki"
11494:
11478:
11474:
11470:
11464:
11445:
11441:
11433:
11427:
11411:
11407:
11403:
11397:
11381:
11377:
11373:
11367:
11351:
11347:
11343:
11336:
11320:
11316:
11315:sametinget.no
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11015:
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11002:
10998:
10994:
10987:
10971:
10967:
10966:
10961:
10955:
10939:
10935:
10931:
10924:
10908:
10904:
10900:
10894:
10878:
10874:
10870:
10864:
10848:
10844:
10840:
10834:
10818:
10814:
10810:
10804:
10788:
10784:
10783:
10778:
10771:
10755:
10751:
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10745:
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10722:
10718:
10714:
10708:
10692:
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10687:
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10669:
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10659:
10652:
10648:
10644:
10638:
10631:
10625:
10618:
10612:
10596:
10592:
10588:
10581:
10574:
10558:
10554:
10550:
10544:
10529:on 7 May 2013
10528:
10524:
10518:
10510:
10506:
10502:
10498:
10494:
10490:
10483:
10467:
10463:
10459:
10453:
10437:
10433:
10432:Kompani Nomad
10429:
10422:
10411:
10404:
10397:
10389:
10385:
10381:
10374:
10372:
10355:
10351:
10347:
10341:
10333:
10327:
10323:
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10315:
10311:
10304:
10288:
10284:
10280:
10276:
10269:
10253:
10249:
10243:
10228:
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10209:
10193:
10189:
10183:
10167:
10163:
10159:
10153:
10137:
10133:
10127:
10120:
10119:
10114:
10113:L. Laestadius
10109:
10093:
10089:
10082:
10080:
10078:
10069:
10065:
10061:
10057:
10050:
10034:
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9954:
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9934:
9933:
9928:
9921:
9919:
9899:
9895:
9888:
9881:
9873:
9867:
9863:
9859:
9852:
9836:
9832:
9828:
9822:
9806:
9802:
9796:
9792:
9791:
9783:
9767:
9763:
9759:
9753:
9737:
9733:
9729:
9723:
9715:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9697:
9693:
9689:
9682:
9674:
9670:
9666:
9660:
9656:
9652:
9648:
9641:
9625:
9621:
9617:
9611:
9592:
9588:
9581:
9575:
9559:
9555:
9549:
9533:
9530:. Finlex.fi.
9529:
9523:
9507:
9504:. p. 1.
9503:
9497:
9478:
9471:
9464:
9445:
9438:
9432:
9413:
9406:
9405:
9397:
9390:
9384:
9380:
9373:
9365:
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9354:
9346:
9339:
9331:
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9322:
9313:
9306:
9298:
9294:
9290:
9283:
9275:
9268:
9260:
9256:
9255:
9250:
9243:
9235:
9231:
9227:
9220:
9218:
9216:
9214:
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9210:
9208:
9206:
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9200:
9198:
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9192:
9190:
9188:
9171:
9167:
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9160:
9153:
9137:
9133:
9129:
9122:
9106:
9102:
9101:
9096:
9090:
9082:
9076:
9069:
9067:
9050:
9046:
9042:
9036:
9020:
9016:
9015:
9010:
9004:
8985:
8981:
8974:
8967:
8951:
8947:
8946:
8941:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8911:
8907:
8900:
8893:
8885:
8879:
8875:
8868:
8860:
8854:
8850:
8843:
8828:
8824:
8818:
8803:
8799:
8793:
8785:
8779:
8775:
8771:
8765:
8749:
8745:
8741:
8734:
8718:
8714:
8710:
8704:
8696:
8692:
8688:
8684:
8677:
8661:
8657:
8651:
8635:
8631:
8624:
8605:
8601:
8599:82-8144-012-0
8595:
8591:
8587:
8580:
8573:
8557:
8553:
8552:
8547:
8541:
8533:
8527:
8523:
8516:
8500:
8496:
8490:
8474:
8470:
8466:
8456:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8433:(2): 231–52.
8432:
8428:
8427:
8419:
8403:
8399:
8395:
8394:"About EALÁT"
8389:
8381:
8368:
8360:
8352:
8344:
8331:
8323:
8316:
8297:
8290:
8283:
8267:
8263:
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8257:
8251:
8243:
8239:
8232:
8216:
8212:
8211:
8206:
8200:
8184:
8180:
8176:
8170:
8154:
8150:
8146:
8139:
8123:
8119:
8115:
8108:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8073:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8043:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8012:
8004:
8000:
7993:
7991:
7975:
7974:
7969:
7963:
7947:
7943:
7942:
7937:
7930:
7914:
7910:
7909:
7904:
7897:
7895:
7886:
7873:
7862:
7854:
7850:
7844:
7836:
7832:
7826:
7818:
7814:
7808:
7801:
7796:
7789:
7784:
7765:
7761:
7754:
7748:
7746:
7738:
7733:
7726:
7721:
7714:
7709:
7702:
7697:
7681:
7677:
7675:91-22-00431-9
7671:
7667:
7666:
7658:
7650:
7638:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7625:
7617:
7610:
7605:
7589:
7586:. Lavvu.com.
7585:
7578:
7572:
7564:
7560:
7553:
7545:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7526:
7518:
7516:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7493:
7485:
7479:
7475:
7468:
7460:
7453:
7445:
7439:
7435:
7431:
7427:
7421:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7399:
7391:
7387:
7382:
7377:
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7369:
7365:
7361:
7357:
7353:
7352:
7347:
7340:
7332:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7302:
7298:
7294:
7290:
7286:
7285:
7280:
7273:
7271:
7254:
7250:
7249:KALMISTOPIIRI
7246:
7239:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7216:
7208:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7187:
7185:
7168:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7151:
7143:
7137:
7121:
7120:
7112:
7096:
7092:
7086:
7082:
7081:
7073:
7065:
7052:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7017:
7001:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6985:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6954:Simms, Doug.
6950:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6923:
6907:
6903:
6902:
6897:
6891:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6858:
6856:
6847:
6843:
6836:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6804:
6796:
6790:
6787:. p. 8.
6786:
6782:
6775:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6744:
6736:
6729:
6713:
6709:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6683:
6677:, p. 36.
6676:
6671:
6663:
6659:
6652:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6604:
6592:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6575:
6556:
6552:
6551:www.galdu.org
6545:
6538:
6536:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6500:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6469:
6467:
6450:
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6440:
6434:
6418:
6414:
6407:
6401:
6386:
6382:
6376:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6352:
6336:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6319:
6317:
6308:
6304:
6303:
6298:
6292:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6261:
6257:
6241:
6232:
6223:
6214:
6210:
6199:
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6184:
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6179:
6176:
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6156:
6153:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6137:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6101:Suddenly Sami
6099:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6064:
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6018:
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5999:
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5989:
5981:
5978:
5975:
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5968:
5965:
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5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5894:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5877:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5848:(1951–2022),
5847:
5846:Börje Salming
5844:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5834:Jon Rønningen
5832:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5815:
5814:Jens Byggmark
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5792:Jens Byggmark
5790:
5789:
5785:
5784:Börje Salming
5781:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5745:Joni Mitchell
5743:
5738:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5727:New York City
5724:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5633:Tommy Wirkola
5631:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5539:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5489:Roger Pontare
5487:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5455:Joni Mitchell
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5307:
5304:(1795–1876),
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5200:Northern Sámi
5197:
5194:
5193:
5186:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5160:
5153:
5148:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5098:
5093:
5083:
5081:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
4998:
4993:
4984:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4922:
4918:
4913:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4874:
4872:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4835:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4813:Northern Sámi
4812:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4801:Southern Sámi
4800:
4799:
4795:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:Southern Sámi
4505:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:Northern Sámi
4377:
4376:
4366:
4341:
4339:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4281:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4200:
4192:
4180:
4179:Árviesjávrrie
4177:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4155:Saemien Sijte
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4117:Southern Sámi
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4089:(Lakselv) in
4088:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4037:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3995:Guovdageaidnu
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3760:Laponian area
3757:
3750:
3745:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3681:
3677:
3676:strategy game
3673:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3654:running-fight
3651:
3650:
3645:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3547:Laestadianism
3544:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3521:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3222:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3196:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3135:Southern Sámi
3132:
3131:Northern Sámi
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3098:Laestadianism
3095:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3051:Sámi religion
3045:
3040:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3022:North America
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2670:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:Liechtenstein
2637:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2563:Northern Sámi
2560:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2531:Sámi politics
2522:
2513:
2511:
2510:Carsten Smith
2507:
2503:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2393:
2379:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
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2073:Swedification
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2064:commissioned
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2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2011:
2002:
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1994:
1990:
1981:
1977:
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1971:
1963:
1959:
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1946:
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1938:
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1919:
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1911:
1898:Vindelfjällen
1896:
1892:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:") and flag (
1868:
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1807:Laestadianism
1804:
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1740:This section
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1690:
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1679:Mountain Sámi
1676:
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1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:longest river
1338:
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1330:
1321:
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1308:
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1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1200:South Karelia
1196:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1157:
1146:
1142:
1138:
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1130:
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997:Gesta Danorum
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886:
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871:
867:
862:
855:
851:
846:
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830:
826:
822:
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816:
803:
802:
795:
790:
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781:
774:
767:
762:
759:
754:
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735:
728:
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718:
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708:
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690:
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674:
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661:
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642:; the second
641:
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582:
576:
572:
568:
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559:
553:
547:
534:
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514:
512:
508:
507:sheep herding
504:
499:
497:
493:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
464:, and of the
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
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431:
430:
421:
397:
387:
383:
382:Laestadianism
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375:
371:
367:
362:
359:
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351:
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342:
338:
334:
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326:
322:
318:
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287:
283:
281:
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263:
261:
260:United States
249:
245:
243:
231:
227:
225:
213:
210:14,600–36,000
209:
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195:
192:37,890–60,000
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146:
140:
135:
131:
126:
121:
116:
110:
106:
101:
97:
92:
88:
84:
79:
78:Southern Sámi
75:
70:
69:Northern Sámi
66:
61:
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44:
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15866:Pastoralists
15826:Sámi peoples
15527:Montenegrins
15215:Azerbaijanis
15044:Azerbaijanis
14747:
14529:Volga Tatars
14516:Tozhu Tuvans
14358:Komi-Permyak
14036:
14029:
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13987:
13980:
13960:
13940:
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13926:
13919:
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13786:Nuorttanaste
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13680:Southwestern
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13317:
13309:
13301:
13281:Eastern Mari
13199:
13184:
13176:
13166:
13149:
13126:Tornedalians
13111:Forest Finns
13080:
13073:Baltic Finns
13012:Sámi peoples
13001:Sámi peoples
12963:Gabriel Kuhn
12958:
12944:
12930:
12916:
12902:
12886:
12871:
12856:
12819:
12769:
12763:
12720:
12714:
12689:
12667:. Retrieved
12663:
12653:
12641:. Retrieved
12637:
12627:
12615:. Retrieved
12611:the original
12596:
12584:. Retrieved
12580:
12570:
12558:. Retrieved
12553:
12543:
12531:. Retrieved
12522:
12519:"Sami Blood"
12513:
12501:. Retrieved
12492:
12482:
12470:. Retrieved
12461:
12452:
12440:. Retrieved
12436:the original
12426:
12414:. Retrieved
12405:
12396:
12384:. Retrieved
12375:
12365:
12353:. Retrieved
12339:
12327:. Retrieved
12318:
12309:
12281:the original
12276:
12273:"Sapmi Park"
12267:
12255:. Retrieved
12251:the original
12241:
12229:. Retrieved
12215:
12203:. Retrieved
12189:
12162:
12158:
12148:
12136:. Retrieved
12132:the original
12122:
12110:. Retrieved
12096:
12072:. Retrieved
12068:the original
12058:
12046:. Retrieved
12037:
12012:. Retrieved
11983:. Retrieved
11969:
11936:
11932:
11926:
11914:. Retrieved
11910:the original
11905:
11896:
11870:. Retrieved
11860:
11834:. Retrieved
11820:
11811:
11805:
11790:
11784:. Routledge.
11781:
11775:
11763:. Retrieved
11754:
11734:the original
11729:
11720:
11712:the original
11701:
11690:
11670:
11663:Mittnik 2018
11658:
11646:
11633:
11627:
11592:
11588:
11578:
11566:. Retrieved
11557:
11551:
11542:
11531:
11525:
11513:. Retrieved
11502:
11493:
11481:. Retrieved
11472:
11463:
11451:. Retrieved
11439:
11426:
11414:. Retrieved
11405:
11396:
11384:. Retrieved
11375:
11366:
11354:. Retrieved
11345:
11335:
11323:. Retrieved
11314:
11305:
11293:. Retrieved
11289:the original
11284:
11274:
11233:
11229:
11223:
11211:. Retrieved
11202:
11193:
11181:. Retrieved
11173:forskning.no
11172:
11162:
11150:. Retrieved
11129:
11121:
11092:cite journal
11081:
11060:cite journal
11047:
11041:
11029:. Retrieved
11001:the original
10996:
10986:
10974:. Retrieved
10963:
10954:
10942:. Retrieved
10938:the original
10933:
10923:
10911:. Retrieved
10907:the original
10902:
10893:
10881:. Retrieved
10877:the original
10872:
10863:
10851:. Retrieved
10847:the original
10842:
10833:
10823:14 September
10821:. Retrieved
10812:
10803:
10793:14 September
10791:. Retrieved
10787:the original
10780:
10770:
10760:14 September
10758:. Retrieved
10754:the original
10747:
10737:
10727:14 September
10725:. Retrieved
10716:
10707:
10697:14 September
10695:. Retrieved
10691:the original
10684:
10675:
10667:
10663:
10658:
10650:
10646:
10642:
10637:
10629:
10624:
10616:
10611:
10599:. Retrieved
10590:
10586:
10573:
10563:21 September
10561:. Retrieved
10557:the original
10552:
10543:
10531:. Retrieved
10527:the original
10517:
10492:
10488:
10482:
10470:. Retrieved
10452:
10440:. Retrieved
10431:
10421:
10410:the original
10396:
10379:
10358:. Retrieved
10349:
10340:
10313:
10303:
10291:. Retrieved
10279:Sámi Culture
10278:
10268:
10256:. Retrieved
10242:
10230:. Retrieved
10215:
10208:
10196:. Retrieved
10192:the original
10182:
10170:. Retrieved
10161:
10152:
10140:. Retrieved
10136:the original
10126:
10116:
10108:
10096:. Retrieved
10059:
10055:
10049:
10037:. Retrieved
10017:
10010:
9991:
9985:
9973:. Retrieved
9962:
9953:
9943:15 September
9941:. Retrieved
9930:
9905:. Retrieved
9893:
9880:
9857:
9851:
9839:. Retrieved
9830:
9821:
9809:. Retrieved
9789:
9782:
9770:. Retrieved
9761:
9752:
9740:. Retrieved
9731:
9722:
9695:
9691:
9681:
9646:
9640:
9628:. Retrieved
9619:
9610:
9598:. Retrieved
9574:
9562:. Retrieved
9548:
9536:. Retrieved
9522:
9510:. Retrieved
9496:
9484:. Retrieved
9477:the original
9463:
9451:. Retrieved
9431:
9419:. Retrieved
9412:the original
9403:
9396:
9388:
9378:
9372:
9363:
9359:
9353:
9344:
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9329:
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9259:the original
9252:
9242:
9234:the original
9229:
9174:. Retrieved
9162:
9152:
9140:. Retrieved
9131:
9121:
9109:. Retrieved
9105:the original
9098:
9089:
9053:. Retrieved
9035:
9023:. Retrieved
9019:the original
9012:
9003:
8991:. Retrieved
8984:the original
8979:
8966:
8954:. Retrieved
8943:
8917:. Retrieved
8910:the original
8905:
8892:
8873:
8867:
8848:
8842:
8830:. Retrieved
8827:rovaniemi.fi
8826:
8817:
8805:. Retrieved
8802:rovaniemi.fi
8801:
8792:
8773:
8764:
8752:. Retrieved
8743:
8733:
8721:. Retrieved
8712:
8703:
8686:
8682:
8676:
8664:. Retrieved
8660:the original
8650:
8638:. Retrieved
8623:
8611:. Retrieved
8604:the original
8589:
8585:
8572:
8560:. Retrieved
8549:
8540:
8521:
8515:
8503:. Retrieved
8499:the original
8489:
8477:. Retrieved
8468:
8455:
8430:
8424:
8418:
8406:. Retrieved
8397:
8388:
8367:cite journal
8351:
8330:cite journal
8322:Riho Västrik
8315:
8303:. Retrieved
8282:
8270:. Retrieved
8266:the original
8259:
8250:
8242:the original
8231:
8219:. Retrieved
8208:
8199:
8187:. Retrieved
8178:
8169:
8157:. Retrieved
8148:
8138:
8126:. Retrieved
8117:
8107:
8095:. Retrieved
8082:
8072:
8060:. Retrieved
8051:
8042:
8030:. Retrieved
8026:the original
8021:
8016:Rowe, Mark.
8011:
8003:the original
7977:. Retrieved
7971:
7962:
7952:15 September
7950:. Retrieved
7939:
7929:
7919:15 September
7917:. Retrieved
7906:
7872:cite journal
7861:
7853:the original
7843:
7834:
7830:
7825:
7816:
7812:
7807:
7795:
7783:
7771:. Retrieved
7732:
7720:
7708:
7696:
7684:. Retrieved
7664:
7657:
7647:– via
7641:. Retrieved
7628:
7623:
7616:
7604:
7592:. Retrieved
7577:
7571:
7562:
7558:
7552:
7524:
7505:
7501:
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7452:
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7412:the original
7407:
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7355:
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7339:
7288:
7282:
7257:. Retrieved
7248:
7238:
7229:
7225:
7215:
7196:
7192:
7171:. Retrieved
7167:the original
7160:
7150:
7124:. Retrieved
7118:
7111:
7099:. Retrieved
7079:
7072:
7051:cite journal
7039:. Retrieved
7026:
7016:
7004:. Retrieved
7000:the original
6994:
6984:
6972:. Retrieved
6960:Sami Culture
6959:
6949:
6928:
6922:
6910:. Retrieved
6899:
6890:
6878:. Retrieved
6869:
6864:
6845:
6841:
6835:
6823:. Retrieved
6812:
6803:
6783:. Berkeley:
6780:
6774:
6753:
6749:
6743:
6728:
6716:. Retrieved
6692:
6682:
6670:
6657:
6651:
6639:. Retrieved
6635:the original
6626:
6601:– via
6597:25 September
6595:. Retrieved
6591:the original
6584:
6574:
6562:. Retrieved
6555:the original
6550:
6522:. Retrieved
6513:
6509:
6499:
6487:. Retrieved
6483:the original
6478:
6453:. Retrieved
6442:
6433:
6421:. Retrieved
6412:
6400:
6388:. Retrieved
6375:
6367:the original
6360:
6351:
6341:15 September
6339:. Retrieved
6328:
6307:the original
6300:
6291:
6279:. Retrieved
6270:
6260:
6240:
6231:
6222:
6213:
6195:
6180:
6172:
6164:
6152:choral group
6140:
6134:
6126:
6114:
6108:Midnight Sun
6106:
6100:
6085:
6081:
6073:
6065:
6057:
6051:
6047:
6039:
6033:
6027:
6019:
6013:
6007:
5997:
5991:
5967:Sámi cuisine
5947:Fourth World
5941:Sámi culture
5932:
5806:, athletics.
5627:Onni Tommila
5574:
5570:
5564:
5431:Sofia Jannok
5258:Samuel Balto
5239:Israel Ruong
5202:
5161:
5157:
5129:
5103:
5077:
5065:
5041:Saskatchewan
5009:North Dakota
5001:
4995:Reindeer in
4978:
4974:
4970:
4926:
4890:
4880:
4868:
4854:
4846:
4840:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4316:
4296:
4284:
4277:
4244:
4232:
4225:
4221:Sámi culture
4205:
4186:Demographics
4141:in the town.
4098:
4078:
4025:(Enontekiö).
4010:
3965:Divtasvuodna
3908:
3850:
3831:
3772:
3732:
3728:
3716:
3713:Fennoscandia
3710:
3684:
3669:
3647:
3641:
3633:
3617:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3589:Building in
3551:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3395:
3384:
3361:
3329:
3302:
3298:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3225:
3183:
3180:
3176:neo-paganism
3162:
3156:
3139:
3112:
3079:
3072:
3055:Christianity
3050:
3048:
3043:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2977:
2969:
2925:supernatural
2913:Sámi deities
2906:
2886:
2839:
2811:
2789:
2767:
2752:
2726:
2718:
2709:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2673:
2655:minorities.
2653:
2643:
2634:and Norway,
2622:
2618:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2556:
2519:
2516:Organization
2499:
2490:
2486:
2471:
2464:
2460:
2442:
2420:Russian Duma
2417:
2413:
2401:
2367:
2352:
2341:
2315:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2151:
2147:
2124:
2095:
2082:
2070:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2020:
2016:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:Water rights
1978:
1969:
1966:
1939:
1932:
1917:
1906:
1889:
1875:Finnmark Act
1856:
1852:World War II
1847:
1837:
1831:
1815:
1811:
1800:
1792:
1769:
1760:
1749:Please help
1744:verification
1741:
1682:
1668:
1644:
1599:
1580:
1557:
1487:
1451:
1443:Fennoscandia
1435:
1416:of the late
1408:
1373:
1327:The western
1326:
1307:Sámi history
1260:
1255:
1251:
1232:Södermanland
1195:Lappeenranta
1175:
1173:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1012:(Skrid-)Finn
986:
967:, Icelandic
955:
953:
937:
916:
884:
880:
876:
874:
869:
847:
828:
788:
776:
765:
752:
746:
722:Proto-Baltic
702:
693:
643:
623:Proto-Finnic
607:
605:
575:Proto-Baltic
570:
542:
503:fur trapping
500:
477:
473:
437:
433:
395:
393:
380:, including
374:Christianity
294:
104:
95:
82:
73:
64:
54:Ethnic group
51:
39:George Samis
18:Sami culture
15861:Scandinavia
15709:Armeno-Tats
15626:Ural Swedes
15512:Macedonians
15507:Lithuanians
15344:Mingrelians
15220:Belarusians
15202:Cherkesogai
15065: [
14895:Chat Tatars
14391: [
14377: [
14044:Yle Ođđasat
13712:Borgarmålet
13629:Kildin Sámi
13601:Kainuu Sámi
13590:Akkala Sámi
13461: [
13270:Meadow Mari
13258:Volga Finns
13213:Kildin Sámi
12990:Sami people
11985:15 November
11568:11 December
11515:22 February
9975:23 December
9896:: 115–124.
9811:22 November
9762:Yle Uutiset
8832:29 December
8807:29 December
8770:Anna Lawson
8754:3 September
8505:31 December
7979:2 September
7461:. Atlantic.
7291:(1): 5018.
7162:Aftenposten
7126:28 November
6479:Aftenposten
6423:11 February
6052:Saamelainen
5891: [
5874: [
5842:, wrestler.
5810:Anja Pärson
5773:Anja Pärson
5735: [
5715:Simen Johan
5709:Visual arts
5555:Mikkel Gaup
5495:Wimme Saari
5473:John Persen
5342:Olaus Sirma
5272:Lars Monsen
5154:-Saint Paul
4897:Forest Sámi
4873:in Norway.
4822:Kildin Sámi
4754:Akkala Sámi
4637:Kildin Sámi
4349:Population
4331:saamelainen
4053:Jåhkåmåhkke
4031:(Gällivare)
3979:Riddu Riđđu
3953:Árjepluovve
3929: [
3902:, Russia's
3900:Ponoy River
3516:Visual arts
3484: [
3481:Ijahis Idja
3477:Riddu Riđđu
3423:Riddu Riđđu
3232:Sámi knives
3229:scrimshawed
3203:Sámi knives
3146:shamanistic
2961:petroglyphs
2941:Sámi shaman
2759:Astrid Båhl
1974:land rights
1958:Suorvajaure
1949:Land rights
1935:Barents Sea
1859:controversy
1763:August 2011
1652:Black Death
1483: 1900
1424:were named
1418:Paleolithic
1410:Petroglyphs
1380:Lake Ladoga
1294:saamelainen
1288:Lappalainen
976:lappalainen
960:Old Swedish
930:suomalaiset
843:Norse sagas
825:Greek works
749:parliaments
517:Etymologies
378:Lutheranism
152: 1910
115:Kildin Sámi
15820:Categories
15669:Vietnamese
15654:Ukrainians
15582:Ruska Roma
15556:Pakistanis
15542:Norwegians
15499:Latgalians
15409:Hungarians
15370:Mennonites
15235:Bulgarians
15118:Tabasarans
14635:Kamchadals
14581:Indigenous
14350:Izhma Komi
14296:Kabardians
14065:Sameradion
14038:Unna Junná
14023:Television
14009:Samefolket
13847:Sääʹmođđâz
13838:Skolt Sámi
13827:Snåsningen
13779:Muitalægje
13740:Newspapers
13717:Russenorsk
13622:Peninsular
13613:Skolt Sámi
13596:Inari Sámi
13391:Hungarians
13368:Ob-Ugrians
13344:Izhma Komi
13233:Skolt Sámi
13208:Inari Sámi
12880:Sámi books
12826:. Warsaw:
12725:Cell Press
12669:9 December
12643:9 December
12617:20 October
12586:24 October
12560:25 October
12442:25 October
12345:"The Sami"
12257:6 February
12231:25 October
12138:6 February
12074:6 February
11916:6 February
11812:Human Zoos
11765:3 November
11406:Sametinget
11376:Sametinget
11183:20 October
11054:: 697–726.
10997:Norway.org
10853:11 October
10293:18 January
10258:2 February
10090:. TexasU.
10039:20 October
9831:Britannica
9600:31 October
9564:31 October
9111:31 October
9055:2 February
8640:11 October
8562:16 January
8479:1 November
8408:7 February
8221:31 October
8189:1 November
8097:1 November
8062:1 November
7643:4 November
7532:. p.
7259:22 October
7080:Ethnologue
6974:11 January
6880:16 October
6814:OED Online
6718:20 October
6660:. Leiden:
6455:6 November
6252:References
6185:(2024), a
6159:Sámi music
6123:as a Swede
6116:Sami Blood
6067:Herdswoman
6029:The Cuckoo
6009:Pathfinder
5986:Sámi films
5762:See also:
5571:Pathfinder
5536:See also:
5501:Ánde Somby
5443:Inga Juuso
5405:Fred Buljo
5393:Mari Boine
5348:Johan Turi
5306:Protestant
5279:Literature
5245:Ande Somby
5219:Kautokeino
5196:Ante Aikio
5165:human zoos
5033:Washington
5029:California
4819:Inari Sámi
4816:Skolt Sámi
4676:Inari Sámi
4591:Skolt Sámi
4424:Lule Sámi
4273:Inari Sámi
4147:(Utsjoki).
4131:in Sweden.
4109:(Lovozero)
4059:Kárášjohka
3792:in Finland
3749:Härjedalen
3674:is a pure
3664:, Arabian
3657:board game
3549:movement.
3437:a cappella
3413:Sámi music
3381:Johan Turi
3326:Johan Turi
3317:Sámi media
3260:See also:
3088:Laestadius
3067:rune drums
3014:Sami sagas
2965:labyrinths
2953:fly agaric
2923:, and the
2909:polytheism
2848:in 1992. "
2765:, Norway.
2644:paliskunta
2623:paliskunta
2579:Skolt Sámi
2575:Sää'mte'ǧǧ
2571:Inari Sámi
2508:Professor
2363:Inari Sámi
2359:Skolt Sámi
2355:North Sámi
2309:Land near
2101:Government
1943:Greenpeace
1723:Post-1800s
1705:conscripts
1586:from this
1527:Hallingdal
1478:, Norway,
1422:Mesolithic
1420:and early
1392:Bronze Age
1376:Lake Onega
1365:Bronze Age
1357:Lake Ilmen
1335:along the
1210:North Savo
1205:Lapinlahti
1117:Portuguese
1113:Lapończycy
1061:; German,
1047:Laplanders
478:Laplanders
444:-speaking
284:136 (2001)
109:Skolt Sámi
100:Inari Sámi
47:Sam Israel
43:Phil Samis
15881:White Sea
15800:Pumpokols
15795:Meshchera
15615:Spaniards
15590:Romanians
15522:Moldovans
15469:Krymchaks
15404:Hamshenis
15323:Adjarians
15317:Georgians
15265:Estonians
15210:Assyrians
15196:Armenians
15186:Americans
15151:Besermyan
15062:Kubachins
15004:Chamalals
14989:Bagvalals
14858:Kumandins
14787:Hamnigans
14743:Izhorians
14735:Northwest
14705:Nganasans
14697:Khandeyar
14592:Far North
14563:Nağaybäks
14549:Kryashens
14445:Ossetians
14437:Khandeyar
14311:Karelians
14306:Karachays
14206:Telengits
14178:Natukhajs
14060:NRK Sápmi
13953:Lule Sámi
13889:Magazines
13858:Norwegian
13800:Sámi Áigi
13671:Pite Sámi
13661:Lule Sámi
13607:Kemi Sámi
13568:Languages
13533:Languages
13437:Nganasans
13409:Magyarabs
13356:Besermans
13311:Meshchera
13273:Hill Mari
13228:Pite Sámi
13218:Lule Sámi
13151:Livonians
13138:Karelians
13133:Izhorians
13089:Estonians
13082:Bjarmians
12603:"Je'vida"
12554:Yle Sápmi
12181:0277-3945
11961:161737016
11872:14 August
11836:14 August
11346:The Local
11266:145538876
11250:0047-4045
10944:4 January
10913:4 January
10717:Samediggi
10653:, p. 1–5.
10601:2 October
10509:2049-1255
10495:: 77–82.
9841:4 January
9732:Samediggi
9714:229320356
9692:Sociology
9673:242333230
9486:10 August
9391:2 (1982).
8919:10 August
8305:22 August
7633:Gyldendal
7372:0960-9822
7313:2041-1723
7173:3 October
7136:cite book
7101:25 August
7041:25 August
6941:555216596
6809:"Finn, n"
6564:10 August
6489:3 October
6390:31 August
6271:sweden.se
6136:Frozen II
5962:Knud Leem
5798:Ailo Gaup
5741:, artist.
5621:Blackfoot
5561:Nils Gaup
5547:Nils Gaup
5421:musician.
5387:punk rock
5316:Ailo Gaup
5221:, Norway.
5121:Neolithic
5017:Wisconsin
5005:Minnesota
4938:Trøndelag
4810:Lule Sámi
4807:Pite Sámi
4465:Pite Sámi
4355:Language
4307:Hungarian
4173:Isak Saba
4145:Ohcejohka
3924:, SAKK –
3869:Sodankylä
3857:Enontekiö
3834:Gällivare
3828:in Sweden
3816:in Sweden
3798:in Russia
3786:in Sweden
3691:alquerque
3511:, Norway.
3509:Tennevoll
3470:Festivals
3450:Education
3282:Sámi hats
3171:prejudice
3049:The term
2933:pantheism
2836:Isak Saba
2796:Trondheim
2749:Sámi flag
2741:Sámi flag
2735:Sámi Flag
2567:Sämitigge
2559:Sámediggi
2405:kolkhozes
2275:in Sweden
2090:Rovaniemi
2086:Rovaniemi
2021:The 1986
1871:Sámi flag
1657:sjøsamene
1498:Trøndelag
1367:or early
1188:Satakunta
1093:Hungarian
954:The word
906:Finnfjord
850:Old Norse
834:skridfinn
783:, was by
606:The word
563:inflected
350:Norwegian
289:Languages
130:Sámi flag
96:Sämmiliih
91:Pite Sámi
15749:Sireniki
15690:Africans
15639:Turkmens
15610:Slovenes
15566:Persians
15493:Latvians
15424:Japanese
15419:Italians
15225:Bosniaks
15133:Tsakhurs
15105:Karagash
15098:Ak Nogai
15029:Khwarshi
15009:Godoberi
14999:Botlikhs
14974:Akhvakhs
14946:Dagestan
14936:Tofalars
14853:Kamasins
14805:Negidals
14773:Far East
14758:Vepsians
14720:Yukaghir
14660:Alyutors
14630:Itelmens
14605:Chukchis
14472:Cossacks
14466:Russians
14410:Mordvins
14266:Besleney
14260:Cherkess
14236:Chechens
14226:Bashkirs
14213:Tubalars
14199:Chelkans
14193:Altaians
14185:Shapsugs
14171:Bzhedugs
14101:SR Sápmi
13935:Sápmelaš
13772:Min Áigi
13692:Ume Sámi
13634:Ter Sámi
13583:Mainland
13548:Politics
13528:Religion
13447:Kamasins
13419:Samoyeds
13404:Székelys
13331:Permians
13287:Mordvins
13248:Ume Sámi
13243:Ter Sámi
13168:Kreevins
13157:Vepsians
13024:Archived
12888:Germania
12870:(1965).
12855:(1957).
12818:(1992).
12808:29382937
12751:19781941
12664:Deadline
12527:Archived
12503:20 April
12497:Archived
12472:20 April
12466:Archived
12416:20 April
12410:Archived
12386:20 April
12380:Archived
12355:20 April
12349:Archived
12347:. MUBI.
12329:20 April
12323:Archived
12225:Archived
12199:Archived
12106:Archived
12042:Archived
12008:Archived
11979:Archived
11953:23343096
11882:cite web
11846:cite web
11759:Archived
11755:BBC News
11619:15024688
11562:Archived
11509:Archived
11483:20 April
11477:Archived
11453:20 April
11444:Archived
11416:20 April
11410:Archived
11386:20 April
11380:Archived
11356:20 April
11350:Archived
11325:20 April
11319:Archived
11213:25 April
11207:Archived
11177:Archived
11143:Archived
11025:Archived
10970:Archived
10817:Archived
10721:Archived
10595:Archived
10472:17 March
10466:Archived
10436:Archived
10354:Archived
10287:Archived
10252:Archived
10232:30 April
10166:Archived
10098:12 March
10092:Archived
10033:Archived
9969:Archived
9937:Archived
9898:Archived
9835:Archived
9805:Archived
9766:Archived
9736:Archived
9630:23 April
9624:Archived
9591:Archived
9558:Archived
9532:Archived
9506:Archived
9444:Archived
9421:27 March
9170:Archived
9142:14 March
9136:Archived
9049:Archived
8950:Archived
8748:Archived
8744:CBC News
8717:Archived
8634:Archived
8556:Archived
8473:Archived
8469:Stoletie
8447:15939511
8402:Archived
8296:Archived
8215:Archived
8213:. 2007.
8183:Archived
8153:Archived
8122:Archived
8091:Archived
8056:Archived
8032:20 April
7946:Archived
7913:Archived
7764:Archived
7680:Archived
7637:Archived
7588:Archived
7428:(2015).
7390:31080083
7331:30479341
7253:Archived
7095:Archived
7035:Archived
6968:Archived
6906:Archived
6874:Archived
6819:Archived
6712:Archived
6524:30 March
6518:Archived
6449:Archived
6417:Archived
6335:Archived
6275:Archived
6092:reindeer
6048:The Sami
6034:Kukushka
5902:See also
5824:Football
5719:Kirkenes
5557:, actor.
5399:Ane Brun
5045:Manitoba
5025:Illinois
4934:Nordland
4923:, Russia
4917:Lovozero
4825:Ter Sámi
4804:Ume Sámi
4780:extinct
4715:Ter Sámi
4549:Ume Sámi
4311:Germanic
4303:Estonian
4257:Language
4251:Lovozero
4228:identity
4135:Njauddâm
4121:Gaaltije
4107:Луя̄ввьр
4097:and the
4091:Porsáŋgu
4087:Leavdnja
4080:Min Áigi
3947:Aarborte
3873:Helsinki
3842:Arjeplog
3838:Jokkmokk
3808:Nordland
3778:Finnmark
3721:Lappland
3695:draughts
3595:reindeer
3591:Ljungris
3555:Karelian
3535:lihkadus
3402:in 2024.
3371:Beaivvaš
3250:Clothing
3115:Lutheran
2889:Lutheran
2862:Religion
2846:Helsinki
2669:reindeer
2502:Helsinki
2454:massif,
2409:Lovozero
2397:Lovozero
2176:Kvalsund
2062:Storting
1685:reindeer
1572:Nordland
1476:Finnmark
1459:Finnmark
1369:Iron Age
1133:Romanian
1051:Lappland
1031:(1673).
979:"Lapp",
899:Finnsnes
891:Finnmark
861:finþanan
640:Tavastia
552:Sápmelaš
364:Religion
337:Southern
321:Northern
15765:Agrzhan
15744:Qaratay
15734:Korlaks
15674:Yazidis
15664:Uyghurs
15605:Slovaks
15561:Pamiris
15480:Kurmanj
15448:Koreans
15434:Kazakhs
15414:Indians
15364:Germans
15330:Ingiloy
15260:Dungans
15230:Britons
15181:Afghans
15087:Lezgins
15055:Kaitags
15049:Dargins
15024:Karatas
15019:Hunzibs
15014:Hinukhs
14994:Bezhtas
14954:Abazins
14931:Teleuts
14845:Siberia
14763:Votians
14710:Selkups
14655:Koryaks
14620:Dolgans
14615:Chuvans
14610:Chulyms
14583:peoples
14524:Udmurts
14416:Mokshas
14329:Abugach
14322:Koibals
14301:Kalmyks
14255:Chuvash
14250:Chukchi
14231:Buryats
14221:Balkars
14155:Titular
14031:Ođđasat
14000:Swedish
13973:English
13647:Western
13576:Eastern
13523:History
13516:General
13442:Selkups
13399:Csángós
13351:Udmurts
13303:Meryans
13297:Mokshas
12893:Tacitus
12799:5789860
12778:Bibcode
12776:: 442.
12742:4275881
12682:Sources
12638:Variety
12533:25 June
12493:Variety
12376:Variety
12205:22 June
12112:22 June
12014:22 June
11640:. 2002.
11610:1181943
11295:22 June
11258:4168647
11152:25 June
11031:27 June
10976:22 June
10533:22 June
10442:22 June
10360:4 April
10198:9 April
9964:YouTube
9772:28 July
9742:28 July
9620:Reuters
9538:22 June
9512:26 June
9502:"Sápmi"
9453:29 June
8993:22 June
8723:16 June
8666:22 June
8613:22 June
8159:25 July
8128:25 July
7773:29 June
7594:22 June
7381:6544527
7322:6258758
7293:Bibcode
6688:Tacitus
6641:22 June
6325:"Samer"
6281:29 July
6187:Netflix
6174:Jeʹvida
5485:singer.
5377:Adjagas
5229:Tärnaby
5190:Science
5152:Hamburg
5061:Nunavut
4706:Finland
4621:Finland
4418:Finland
4402:30,000
4396:21 700
4383:42 500
4367:Status
4217:kinship
4161:Unjárga
3896:Kanevka
3861:Utsjoki
3729:Lapland
3725:Lapland
3717:Lapland
3678:in the
3347:Finland
3293:nutukas
3274:Nutukas
3167:New Age
3123:pietist
3018:Siberia
2973:Midgard
2921:animism
2911:. (See
2823:
2763:Skibotn
2715:Culture
2636:Iceland
2452:Khibiny
2438:Chukchi
2301:Finland
2295:Laponia
2259:(2007).
2255:The UN
2252:(1992).
2245:(1995).
2234:(1979).
2230:The UN
2227:(1989).
2223:The UN
2220:(1965).
2038:Tourism
2025:caused
1922:Beowulf
1916:(Sámi:
1641:in 1884
1629:in 1884
1606:barrels
1517:and in
1515:Valdres
1400:Estonia
1349:Karelia
1301:History
1246:Småland
1239:Lappabo
1162:лопарі́
1150:лопари́
1141:Turkish
1129:Lapones
1125:Spanish
1105:Lapponi
1101:Italian
1088:Lápōnes
1083:Λάπωνες
1036:exonyms
815:Phinnoi
785:Tacitus
612:Finnish
586:cognate
567:cognate
482:endonym
462:Finland
358:Finnish
354:Swedish
346:Russian
280:Ukraine
224:Finland
113:Са̄мь (
105:Säʹmmla
74:Saemieh
15785:Muroma
15719:Buzava
15659:Uzbeks
15634:Tajiks
15620:Swedes
15595:Rusyns
15488:Kyrgyz
15385:Greeks
15312:Gagauz
15307:French
15255:Czechs
15250:Cubans
15176:Abkhaz
15123:Talysh
15113:Rutuls
15092:Nogais
15077:Kumyks
15034:Tindis
14984:Archis
14959:Aghuls
14877:Soyots
14815:Orochs
14810:Nivkhs
14781:Evenks
14725:Yupiks
14691:Nenets
14686:Naukan
14673:Karaga
14650:Khanty
14640:Kereks
14600:Aleuts
14571:Yakuts
14534:Tatars
14510:Tuvans
14502:Pomors
14451:Digors
14431:Nenets
14423:Erzyas
14339:Khanty
14316:Khakas
14291:Ingush
14273:Ademey
14165:Adyghe
14096:Kierâš
14089:Online
13962:Bårjås
13907:Dieđut
13705:Pidgin
13458:Mators
13452:Yurats
13427:Nenets
13376:Khanty
13319:Muroma
13292:Erzyas
13016:Curlie
12969:
12951:
12937:
12923:
12909:
12834:
12828:Semper
12806:
12796:
12749:
12739:
12723:(20).
12698:
12372:"Wolf"
12179:
12048:19 May
11959:
11951:
11617:
11607:
11264:
11256:
11248:
10899:"Sámi"
10883:10 May
10507:
10328:
10223:
10172:19 May
10142:7 July
10025:
9998:
9907:19 May
9868:
9797:
9712:
9671:
9661:
9176:17 May
9077:
9025:7 June
8956:19 May
8880:
8855:
8780:
8596:
8528:
8445:
8272:17 May
7686:16 May
7672:
7559:Viking
7540:
7480:
7440:
7388:
7378:
7370:
7329:
7319:
7311:
7203:
7087:
7006:5 June
6939:
6912:16 May
6896:"Lapp"
6825:3 July
6791:
6766:685115
6764:
6704:
6200:(2024)
6182:Stolen
6155:Cantus
6145:joiker
6141:Vuelie
6128:Frozen
6014:Ofelaš
5758:Sports
5723:Norway
5566:Ofelaš
5409:KEiiNO
5320:shaman
5019:, the
4997:Alaska
4784:Russia
4745:Russia
4667:Russia
4641:1 000
4630:Norway
4626:Russia
4595:1 000
4584:Norway
4579:Sweden
4553:1 000
4542:Norway
4537:Sweden
4511:1 200
4500:Norway
4495:Sweden
4469:2 000
4458:Norway
4453:Sweden
4440:2 300
4427:8 000
4414:Sweden
4409:Norway
4346:Group
4319:samisk
4305:, and
4299:Uralic
4291:UNESCO
4151:Snåase
4113:Staare
4069:, the
4005:, the
3959:Deatnu
3739:Extent
3671:Tablut
3662:daldøs
3649:Sáhkku
3604:siidat
3396:Stolen
3394:wrote
3343:Sweden
3339:Norway
3305:concho
3272:, and
3270:Luhkka
3266:Beaska
3238:, and
3221:Sweden
3195:Duodji
3163:noaidi
3107:Noaidi
3082:Neiden
3065:, and
2957:Sieidi
2937:Noaidi
2878:noaidi
2729:nation
2690:siidas
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