304:
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With the sensors' low power, changing their batteries becomes less of a problem. The program Where's The Bear is a wildlife monitoring software by the
Computer Science Department at the University of California Santa Barba. They use cameras as their sensors and machine learning to quantify the photos into empty pictures triggered by wind and rain. They are instead reporting those of different species of animals. To make the training process of the algorithm rapid, they used edited photos with animals inserted in the shot of the given sensors view to sense the different animals. This training was able to make the technology more accurate with fewer false positives and false negatives. This method increased the ability to categorize animals’ photos, proving a potential new technology for vast groups of people for commercial and public use.
175:
110:
279:(PIT) are another method of telemetry used to track the movements of a species Passive integrated transponders, or "PIT tags", are electronic tags that allow researchers to collect data from a specimen without the need to recapture and handle the animal. Data is captured and monitored via electronic interrogation antennae, which records the time and location of the individual. Pit tags are a humane method of tracking that has little risk of infection or mortality due to the limited contact necessary to monitor the specimens. They are also cost-efficient in that they can be used repeatedly should the need arise to remove the tag from the animal.
261:) which receives most strongly from a single direction, and some means of indicating the strength of the received signal, either by a meter or by the loudness of the pulses in earphones. The antenna is rotated until the received radio signal is strongest; then the antenna is pointing toward the animal. To keep track of the signal, the scientist follows the animal using the receiver. This approach of using radio tracking can be used to track the animal manually but is also used when animals are equipped with other payloads. The receiver is used to home in on the animal to get the payload back.
1383:
506:, efforts in tracking animals has increased in the Gulf. Most researchers who use electronic tags have only a few options: pop-up satellite tags, archival tags, or satellite tags. Historically these tags were generally expensive and could cost several thousands of dollars per tag. However, with current advancements in technology prices are now allowing researchers to tag more animals. With this increase in the number of species and individuals that can be tagged it is important to record and acknowledge the potential negative effects these devices might have.
31:
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migration but also what is between the migration endpoints to determine if a species is moving to new locations based on food density, a change in water temperature, or other stimulus, and the animal's ability to adapt to these changes. Migration tracking is a vital tool in efforts to control the impact of human civilization on populations of wild animals, and prevent or mitigate the ongoing extinction of
406:
499:, and therefore they need protection. Radio tracking showed that Florida manatees may travel as far as Rhode Island when they migrate. This information suggests that the manatees may need protection along much of the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Previously, protection efforts focused mainly in the Florida area.
396:
sensor networks attached to wildlife by safe adhesive to cameras connected to the internet using machine learning to determine what images are interesting and categorize the photos. With LPWA, the applications are endless. All that needs to be done is to develop the sensors that attach to any animal.
433:
in those locations, this creates "isoscapes" that scientists can use to understand where the organism has been eating. A couple prerequisites must be met in order to use stable isotope analysis successfully: (1) the animal must have at least one light isotope of interest in specific tissues that can
335:
of the animal. The satellites also track the animal's path as it moves. Satellite tracking is especially useful because the scientists do not have to follow after the animal nor do they have to recover the tag to get the data on where the animal is going or has gone. Satellite networks have tracked
96:
the ability to make devices specific to the species or what is to be tracked is possible. One of the many goals of animal migration research has been to determine where the animals are going; however, researchers also want to know why they are going "there". Researchers not only look at the animals'
660:
Original text (in public domain):"Internal radio transmitters have the advantage of remaining intact and functioning longer than traditional attachments. Implanted transmitters also are protected from extrinsic variables such as environmental elements and wear (Eagle et al. 1984)." (Lander et al.
420:
of animals. One of the benefits of intrinsic markers in general, including stable isotope analysis, is that it does not require an organism to be captured and tagged and then recaptured at a later time. Each capture of an organism provides information on where it has been based on diet. The three
272:
during regular intervals in order to determine a location based on the length of the day and the time of solar noon. While there are benefits and challenges with using this method of tracking, it is one of the only practical means of tracking small birds over long distances during migration.
434:
be sampled (this condition is almost always met since these light isotopes are building blocks of most animal tissues), and (2) the organism needs to migrate between isotopically different regions and these isotopes must be retained in the tissue in order for the differences to be measured.
160:) radio-tags and manual tracking with handheld receivers, which were labour-intensive and limited in range. The system allows researchers to collect data remotely from multiple tagged animals over large distances, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of wildlife monitoring.
445:. Satellite telemetry was used to confirm that the location derived from the analysis were accurate to where these turtles actually traveled. This is important because it allows for greater sample sizes to be used in migration studies, since satellite telemetry is expensive and
124:
is one of the organizations that has a monarch identification tagging program. Plastic stickers are placed on the wing of the insect with identification information. Tracking information is used to study the migration patterns of monarchs, including how far and where they
225:. Alternatively, they may surgically implant it as internal radio transmitters have the advantage of remaining intact and functioning longer than traditional attachments, being protected from environmental variables and wear. The transmitter typically uses a
289:, it was launched in 2014 in the US and Canada, by 2022 there are more than 40,000 transmitters on various animals, mostly birds, and 1,500 receiver stations have been installed in 34 countries, most receivers are concentrated in the United States and Canada.
156:, an Australian company, developed a drone-based radio telemetry system to track small, mobile species like the Swift Parrot, one of Australia’s most endangered birds. Traditional tracking methods for such species involved very high frequency (
137:
Scientists today still attach tags, such as metal bands, to track movement of animals. Metal bands require the re-capture of animals for the scientists to gather data; the data is thus limited to the animal's release and destination points.
384:. This involves the use of electronic tags that emit sound in order for the researchers to track and monitor an animal within three dimensions, which is helpful in instances when large quantities of a species are being tracked at a time.
706:
Stutchbury, Bridget J. M.; Tarof, Scott A.; Done, Tyler; Gow, Elizabeth; Kramer, Patrick M.; Tautin, John; Fox, James W.; Afanasyev, Vsevolod (2009-02-13). "Tracking Long-Distance
Songbird Migration by Using Geolocators".
331:. Networks, or groups, of satellites are used to track animals. Each satellite in a network picks up electronic signals from a transmitter on an animal. Together, the signals from all satellites determine the precise
133:
wondered whether migrating birds returned to the same place each year. So he tied a string around the leg of a bird before it flew south. The following spring, Audubon saw the bird had indeed come back.
477:, they learned two important things. First, they learned that the herd moves much more than previously thought. Second, they learned that each year the herd returns to about the same place to give
437:
Stable isotope analysis has a lot of benefits and has been used in terrestrial and aquatic organisms. For example, stable isotope analysis has been confirmed to work in determining
145:
while other electronic tags could include archival tags (or data loggers). Scientists can track the locations and movement of the tagged animals without recapturing them using this
149:
technology or satellites. These electronic tags can provide a great deal of data. Modern technologies are also smaller, minimising the negative impact of the tag on the animal.
1973:
985:
Bell, S. C.; El
Harouchi, M.; Hewson, C. M.; Burgess, M. D. (2017). "No short- or long-term effects of geolocator attachment detected in Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca".
1626:
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band as antennas in this band are conveniently small. To conserve battery power the transmitter usually transmits brief pulses, perhaps one per second. A specialized
392:
IoT or the internet of things proves to be a potential resource for the future of wildlife tracking and research. This technology can range from low-power wide-area
303:
1114:
1367:
17:
1123:
Robert and Kirk Miner remember their grandfather, Jack Miner, and talk about the Jack Miner
Migratory Bird Sanctuary. Originally aired February 1, 2008.
2603:
1099:
429:, (2) trace elements, and (3) stable isotopes. Certain geographic regions have specific stable isotope ratios that affect the chemistry of organisms
1148:
1014:"Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds"
380:. Thanks to these systems, conservationists can find the key sites for migratory species. Another form of satellite tracking would be the use of
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1609:
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Recent technologies have helped solve this problem. Some electronic tags give off repeating signals that are picked up by radio devices or
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1604:
80:, placing passive ID tags on birds legs, to identify the bird in a future catch-and-release. Radio tracking involves attaching a small
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Recent advancements in tracking technology have improved the ability to monitor animal migration without the need for recapturing.
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638:"Technology and Development at the USDA Forest Service, Satellite/GPS Telemetry for Monitoring Lesser Prairie Chickens"
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are used on marine mammals and various species of fish. There are two main systems, the above-mentioned Argos and the
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Another form of radio tracking that can be utilized, especially in the case of small bird migration, is the use of
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Ceriani, Simona A.; Roth, James D.; Evans, Daniel R.; Weishampel, John F.; Ehrhart, Llewellyn M. (2012-09-20).
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types of intrinsic markers that can be used as tools for animal migration studies are: (1) contaminants,
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794:"Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Tags in the Study of Animal Movement | Learn Science at Scitable"
920:"Inferring Foraging Areas of Nesting Loggerhead Turtles Using Satellite Telemetry and Stable Isotopes"
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Sea turtle eggs being laid by the mother. Unhatched eggs can be used in stable isotope analysis.
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http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1191&context=usdeptcommercepub
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481:. This information would have been difficult or impossible to obtain with "low tech" tags.
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872:. Hobson, Keith Alan, 1954-, Wassenaar, Leonard I. Amsterdam: Academic Press. 2008.
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2019:
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770:"PIT Tag Information Systems (PTAGIS) | Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission"
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Electronic tags are giving scientists a complete, accurate picture of migration
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88:. Sophisticated modern techniques use satellites to track tagged animals, and
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Tracking migrations is an important tool to better understand and protect
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or "geologgers". This technology utilizes a light sensor that tracks the
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to study animals' behavior in the wild. One of the first techniques was
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469:. For example, when scientists used radio transmitters to track one
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that is attached to an animal and sends out a signal in the form of
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241:(RDF) receiver picks up the signal. The receiver is usually in a
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does. A scientist might place the transmitter around an animal's
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which keep a log of the animal's location. With the
Emergence of
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samples can be taken from the female turtles laying eggs.
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584:"Are Scientific Tracking Tags Hurting Wild Animals?"
611:"About us - Where we started and where we're going"
416:are one of the intrinsic markers used for studying
189:an animal by radio telemetry involves two devices.
2604:Task allocation and partitioning of social insects
2616:
1984:International Seafood Sustainability Foundation
1610:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
870:Tracking animal migration with stable isotopes
84:to the animal and following the signal with a
2102:
1142:
1011:
1760:List of commercially important fish species
1605:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
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683:"Animal Migration Research, Jeff Kelly Lab"
336:the migration and territorial movements of
27:Used to study animals' behavior in the wild
2109:
2095:
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1100:"Satellite Tracking Threatened Manatees."
1037:
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817:SEATURTLE.ORG - Global Sea Turtle Network
129:In the fall of 1803, American Naturalist
1732:Regional fishery management organisation
821:
404:
302:
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108:
40:
29:
1090:Audubon. National Audubon Society, Inc.
843:"Acoustic Telemetry Fisheries Research"
581:
532:History of wildlife tracking technology
89:
14:
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864:
862:
2212:Patterns of self-organization in ants
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1094:"Satellite Tracking Migratory Birds."
913:
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18:Satellite tracking (animal migration)
1615:United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement
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677:
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582:Kingdon, Amorina (22 January 2018).
193:, in general, involves the use of a
1790:Future of Marine Animal Populations
1667:Fishery Resources Monitoring System
1657:Monitoring control and surveillance
1096:Western Ecological Research Center.
1012:Weiser, E. L.; et al. (2016).
859:
182:is wearing a radio tracking collar.
24:
2222:symmetry breaking of escaping ants
908:
400:
25:
2646:
1989:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
1722:National Marine Fisheries Service
1717:European Fisheries Control Agency
1058:
759:
668:
627:
562:Motus (wildlife tracking network)
163:
2259:
1635:
1381:
1198:Population dynamics of fisheries
1919:Aquaculture Stewardship Council
1775:Environmental impact of fishing
1005:
978:
835:
387:
283:Motus wildlife tracking network
277:Passive integrated transponders
104:
1893:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1253:Otolith microchemical analysis
810:
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699:
654:
603:
575:
374:Pop-up satellite archival tags
13:
1:
1888:European Environmental Agency
1878:Grey nurse shark conservation
1785:Destructive fishing practices
1283:Pop-up satellite archival tag
568:
547:Pop-up satellite archival tag
460:
117:shortly after tagging at the
2183:Mixed-species foraging flock
2134:Agent-based model in biology
2116:
1868:Marine conservation activism
1318:Climate change and fisheries
1115:"Manatee Migration Updates."
1109:"Tracking Manatee Movement."
1075:"Tracking animal Wild life."
945:10.1371/journal.pone.0045335
47:US Fish and Wildlife Service
7:
2430:Particle swarm optimization
665:(accessed 29 November 2012)
509:
319:Receivers can be placed in
180:brush-tailed rock-wallabies
178:The right one of these two
10:
2651:
2139:Collective animal behavior
1914:Marine Stewardship Council
1707:EU Common Fisheries Policy
831:Northern Bald Ibis Project
296:
167:
53:tagged with a radio collar
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2493:
2448:
2400:
2268:
2257:
2124:
2068:Glossary of fishery terms
2063:Index of fishing articles
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2002:
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1780:Fishing down the food web
1755:Maximum sustainable yield
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1313:Match/mismatch hypothesis
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311:with GPS-based satellite
122:Cape May Bird Observatory
119:Cape May Bird Observatory
58:Animal migration tracking
36:Yellowstone National Park
2468:Self-propelled particles
1954:Save Our Seas Foundation
1687:Individual fishing quota
1662:Vessel monitoring system
1308:Hydrographic containment
1073:Tomkiewicz Jr, Stanley.
170:Wildlife radio telemetry
2549:Collective intelligence
2415:Ant colony optimization
1600:Exclusive economic zone
1278:GIS and aquatic science
1233:Standard weight in fish
1117:Journey North. Learner.
729:10.1126/science.1166664
687:www.animalmigration.org
542:GIS and aquatic science
239:radio direction finding
34:Radio-collared wolf in
2569:Microbial intelligence
2229:Shoaling and schooling
1829:Turtle excluder device
1502:Shoaling and schooling
1111:Save The Manatee Club.
900:: CS1 maint: others (
537:Light level geolocator
443:loggerhead sea turtles
410:
316:
315:for migration tracking
253:. The receiver has a
183:
126:
54:
38:
1853:Marine protected area
1727:Regional fishery body
1353:Census of Marine Life
1248:Catch per unit effort
1088:"John James Audubon."
1065:"Satellite Tracking."
441:locations of nesting
408:
306:
299:GPS wildlife tracking
297:Further information:
177:
112:
44:
33:
2589:Spatial organization
2554:Decentralised system
2392:Sea turtle migration
2246:Swarming (honey bee)
1692:Minimum landing size
1652:Fisheries management
1627:Magnuson–Stevens Act
1622:Fisheries Convention
1373:Fisheries scientists
66:conservation biology
2564:Group size measures
2126:Biological swarming
1969:Defying Ocean's End
1873:Salmon conservation
1863:Marine conservation
1803:The End of the Line
1796:The Sunken Billions
1765:Sustainable seafood
1750:Sustainable fishery
1363:Fisheries databases
1293:Age class structure
1263:Fisheries acoustics
936:2012PLoSO...745335C
721:2009Sci...323..896S
502:In the wake of the
327:satellites such as
309:saltwater crocodile
255:directional antenna
74:wildlife management
2579:Predator satiation
2440:Swarm (simulation)
2435:Swarm intelligence
2410:Agent-based models
2241:Swarming behaviour
2058:Outline of fishing
1677:Fisheries observer
1328:Aquatic ecosystems
497:endangered species
411:
382:acoustic telemetry
350:great white sharks
317:
293:Satellite tracking
257:(usually a simple
184:
131:John James Audubon
127:
99:endangered species
55:
39:
2612:
2611:
2599:Military swarming
2544:Animal navigation
2463:Collective motion
2450:Collective motion
2317:reverse migration
2251:Swarming motility
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2040:Threatened sharks
1939:Ocean Conservancy
1924:Friend of the Sea
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1549:
1462:Lobster fisheries
1407:Diversity of fish
1203:Shifting baseline
1172:Fisheries science
1030:10.1111/ibi.12493
999:10.1111/ibi.12493
115:monarch butterfly
82:radio transmitter
16:(Redirected from
2642:
2630:Animal migration
2425:Crowd simulation
2402:Swarm algorithms
2373:Insect migration
2278:Animal migration
2270:Animal migration
2263:
2188:Mobbing behavior
2111:
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2087:
2020:Marine pollution
1824:Cetacean bycatch
1819:Incidental catch
1639:
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1527:Humboldt current
1385:
1303:Trophic cascades
1243:Data storage tag
1228:Fish measurement
1223:Stock assessment
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1018:Movement Ecology
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847:www.htisonar.com
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285:is a program by
270:light-level data
62:wildlife biology
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2045:Threatened rays
2025:Mercury in fish
1998:
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1883:Shark sanctuary
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1672:Catch reporting
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1452:Krill fisheries
1417:Coral reef fish
1402:Ocean fisheries
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1218:Condition index
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1121:Radio interview
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1024:(12): 734–743.
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488:. For example,
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414:Stable isotopes
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372:. Additionally
301:
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154:Wildlife Drones
107:
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2532:Related topics
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2017:
2015:Fish slaughter
2012:
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2003:Related issues
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1467:Shrimp fishery
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1457:Kelp fisheries
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1273:Coded wire tag
1270:
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1213:Fish mortality
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1176:wild fisheries
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1160:science topics
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1125:
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1106:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1084:Klamath Basin.
1080:Zanoni, Mary.
1078:
1071:
1060:
1059:External links
1057:
1054:
1053:
1004:
993:(4): 734–743.
977:
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834:
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798:www.nature.com
785:
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589:Hakai Magazine
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235:radio receiver
168:Main article:
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164:Radio tracking
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2035:Shark finning
2033:
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2030:Shark culling
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2018:
2016:
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930:(9): e45335.
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715:(5916): 896.
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51:mountain lion
48:
43:
37:
32:
19:
2539:Allee effect
2513:Nanorobotics
2503:Ant robotics
2480:Vicsek model
2287:
1846:Conservation
1834:
1801:
1794:
1577:conservation
1532:Algal blooms
1517:Water column
1432:Pelagic fish
1412:Coastal fish
1358:OSTM/Jason-2
1333:Bioeconomics
1268:Acoustic tag
1238:Fish counter
1102:
1082:"Animal ID."
1067:
1021:
1017:
1007:
990:
986:
980:
927:
923:
869:
850:. Retrieved
846:
837:
812:
801:. Retrieved
797:
788:
777:. Retrieved
773:
712:
708:
701:
690:. Retrieved
686:
656:
645:. Retrieved
641:
618:. Retrieved
614:
605:
593:. Retrieved
587:
577:
522:Bird ringing
517:Acoustic tag
504:BP oil spill
501:
483:
464:
436:
412:
391:
388:IoT tracking
318:
287:Birds Canada
281:
275:
263:
259:Yagi antenna
201:, just as a
185:
151:
140:
136:
128:
105:Technologies
86:RDF receiver
78:bird banding
57:
56:
45:Employee of
2559:Eusociality
2508:Microbotics
2378:butterflies
2349:sardine run
2283:altitudinal
2205:pack hunter
1770:Overfishing
1682:Catch share
1512:Marine snow
1497:Sardine run
1482:Fish screen
1477:Fish ladder
1427:Forage fish
1103:Space Today
1068:Space Today
362:bald eagles
342:sea turtles
313:transmitter
266:geolocators
199:radio waves
195:transmitter
60:is used in
49:tracking a
2619:Categories
2473:clustering
2366:philopatry
2344:salmon run
2339:Lessepsian
1994:Greenpeace
1702:Slot limit
1645:Management
1569:management
1537:Dead zones
1492:Salmon run
1472:Eel ladder
1368:Institutes
1208:Fish stock
852:2017-03-02
803:2017-03-02
779:2017-03-02
692:2017-03-02
647:2017-03-02
620:2024-09-12
595:26 January
569:References
461:Importance
223:dorsal fin
143:satellites
2594:Stigmergy
2574:Mutualism
2234:bait ball
1964:WorldFish
1929:SeaChoice
1542:Fish kill
1522:Upwelling
1487:Migration
1394:fisheries
1188:Fisheries
1077:telonics.
954:1932-6203
896:cite book
888:228300275
737:0036-8075
427:pathogens
423:parasites
418:migration
358:elephants
237:called a
227:frequency
191:Telemetry
2523:Symbrion
2485:BIO-LGCA
2288:tracking
2217:ant mill
2159:sort sol
2154:flocking
2118:Swarming
1974:HERMIONE
1902:Advocacy
1814:Discards
1348:FishBase
1338:EconMult
1288:EcoSCOPE
1048:27134752
972:23028943
924:PLOS ONE
753:34444695
745:19213909
510:See also
493:manatees
467:patterns
439:foraging
431:foraging
370:vultures
333:location
325:orbiting
251:airplane
249:, or an
219:carapace
187:Tracking
90:GPS tags
2625:Zoology
2383:monarch
2312:flyways
2293:history
2144:Droving
2010:CalCOFI
1979:PROFISH
1909:FishAct
1809:Bycatch
1343:Ecopath
1258:Biomass
1190:science
1158:Fishery
1039:4850671
963:3447946
932:Bibcode
717:Bibcode
709:Science
495:are an
490:Florida
486:species
475:caribou
366:ospreys
338:caribou
229:in the
70:ecology
2356:Homing
2178:Locust
1949:Oceana
1712:EU MLS
1046:
1036:
970:
960:
952:
886:
876:
751:
743:
735:
661:2005)
453:, and
447:tissue
346:whales
72:, and
2420:Boids
2361:natal
2149:Flock
749:S2CID
479:birth
451:blood
354:seals
329:ARGOS
321:Earth
245:, an
243:truck
221:, or
207:ankle
2200:Pack
2166:Herd
1837:case
1575:and
1392:Wild
1174:and
1044:PMID
987:Ibis
968:PMID
950:ISSN
902:link
884:OCLC
874:ISBN
741:PMID
733:ISSN
597:2018
471:herd
425:and
394:LPWA
368:and
215:wing
211:neck
147:RFID
125:fly.
1588:Law
1034:PMC
1026:doi
995:doi
991:159
958:PMC
940:doi
725:doi
713:323
473:of
455:egg
378:GPS
247:ATV
231:VHF
217:,
158:VHF
94:IoT
2621::
1571:,
1567:,
1042:.
1032:.
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