205:
47:
226:âDelving beneath the immediate causes â i.e., the Western Wall dispute, inflammatory publications on both sides, the enlargement of the Jewish Agency, inadequate forces to maintain order, the report called attention to the underlying causes of friction in Englandâs wartime pledges and in the anti-Jewish hostility that had resulted from the political and economic frustrations of the Arabs. It went on to criticise the immigration and land-purchase policies that, it said, gave Jews unfair advantages. The commission also recommended that the British take greater care in protecting the rights and understanding the aspirations of the Arabs. The Shaw report was a blow to Zionists everywhere,â
153:, the Commission concluded that the conflict was not religious in nature, and that the holy site had become a "symbol of racial pride and ambition." It determind that the cause of the violent outbreak was "racial animosity on the part of the Arabs, consequent upon the disappointment of their political and national aspirations and fear for their economic future." They explained this in the context of increased Jewish immigration and land purchases, which were threatening to produce a significant Arab landless class. This was later reiterated in the
394:
future. I am convinced that these fears are exaggerated and that on any long view of the situation the Arab people stand to gain rather than to lose from Jewish enterprise. There is no doubt in my mind that, in spite of errors of judgment which may have resulted in hardship to individual Arabs, Jewish activities have increased the prosperity of
Palestine, have raised the standard of life of the Arab worker and have laid the foundations on which may be based the future progress of the two communities and their development into one State.
817:
204:
170:
270:. He had no intention of utilising this religious campaign as the means of inciting to disorder. Inasmuch as the movement which he in part created became through the force of circumstances a not unimportant factor in the events which led to the outbreak, the Mufti, like many others who directly or indirectly played upon public feeling in Palestine, must accept a share in the responsibility for the disturbances.
356:(i) His Majesty's government should issue a clear statement of the policy they intend to pursue in Palestine. The value of this statement would be greatly enhanced if it defined the meaning they attached to the passages in the Mandate safeguarding the rights of non-Jewish communities, and if it laid down more explicit directives on such vital issues as land and immigration.
385:
questioned the decision to allow Arabs to gather en masse with clubs and sticks while disarming the Jewish congregants in
Jerusalem, given the policeâs inability to protect them. Second, he criticized the Palestinian Government "for not having issued an official communiquĂ© denying that the Jews had designs on the Moslem Holy Places.â
384:
Mr. Snell also voiced additional criticisms of the
British government in Palestine. First, while acknowledging that "the general question whether in a country of racial division one race should be supplied with arms by the Government for possible use against another is admittedly a difficult one," he
297:
The fundamental cause, without which in our opinion disturbances either would not have occurred or would have been little more than a local riot, is the Arab feeling of animosity and hostility towards the Jews consequent upon the disappointment of their political and national aspirations and fear for
232:
It found that the purchase of lands by Jewish
Companies had been legal and fair to the tenants, but, at the same time, concluded that there was substance to the Arab claim that Jewish land purchase did constitute a present danger to the Arabs' national survival, since highly productive land was being
399:
His commentary on the land problem led him to conclude that "progress in
Palestine--by which I mean the joint progress of the two peoples--is to be looked for not along the lines of political concession but rather through social and economic reconstruction and the establishment of public security."
393:
What is required in
Palestine is, I believe, less a change of policy in these matters than a change of mind on the part of the Arab population, who have been encouraged to believe that they have suffered a great wrong and that the immigrant Jew constitutes a permanent menace to their livelihood and
285:
Jewish enterprise and Jewish immigration, when not in excess of the absorptive capacity of the country, have conferred material benefits upon
Palestine in which the Arab people share. We consider, however, that the claims and demands which from the Zionist side have been advanced to the future of
216:
The commission of enquiry took public evidence for several weeks, from the first hearing on 25 October to 29 December, hearing 120 witnesses in public testimony, and 20 behind closed doors. Though hearing the claims of both sides, the
Commission made its recommendations primarily on the basis of
380:
Mr. Snell placed a much higher degree of responsibility on the shoulders of the Muslim spiritual and political leaders, including the Mufti and the Arab
Executive. He also emphasized that the violence did not represent the will of the majority of Arabs, and that many took great risks to protect
308:
The long series of incidents connected with the
Wailing Wall... These must be regarded as a whole, but the incident among them which in our view contributed most to the outbreak was the Jewish demonstration at the Wailing Wall on 15 August 1929. Next in importance we put the activities of the
293:
Between 1921 and 1929 there were large sales of land in consequence of which numbers of Arabs were evicted without the provision of other land for their occupation. ... The position is now acute. There is no alternative land to which persons evicted can remove. In consequence a landless and
255:
took the form, in the most part, of a vicious attack by Arabs on Jews accompanied by wanton destruction of Jewish property. A general massacre of the Jewish community at Hebron was narrowly averted. In a few instances, Jews attacked Arabs and destroyed Arab property. These attacks, though
359:(ii) Immigration policy should be clearly defined, and its administration reviewed "with the object of preventing a repetition of the excessive immigration of 1925 and 1926" Machinery should be devised through which non-Jewish interests could be consulted on the subject of immigration.
362:(iii) A scientific enquiry should be made into the possibilities of land development in Palestine, having regard to "the certain natural increase in the present rural population." Meanwhile, the "tendency towards the eviction of peasant cultivators from the land should be checked."
289:
There is incontestable evidence that in the matter of immigration there has been a serious departure by the Jewish authorities from the doctrine accepted by the Zionist Organization in 1922 that immigration should be regulated by the economic capacity of Palestine to absorb new
236:
With regard to the conflict arising from the land settlement and purchase problem, it concluded that 'taking Palestine as a whole, the country cannot support a larger agricultural population than it at present carries unless methods of farming undergo a radical change'.
276:
There is no evidence that the Mufti issued any requests to Moslems in Palestine to come up to Jerusalem on 23 August and no connection has been established between the Mufti and the work of those who either are known or are thought to have engaged in agitation or
345:
The main victims of the rioting were Orthodox Jews, however the Orthodox community took a decision to boycott the Commission. According to the report (p. 169), all sides were eager to cooperate, and there was no shortage of testimony or evidence.
298:
their economic future. ... The feeling as it exists today is based on the twofold fear of the Arabs that by Jewish immigration and land purchases they may be deprived of their livelihood and in time pass under the political domination of the Jews.
381:
Jewish lives. Furthermore, he agreed that the "animosity and hostility toward the Jews were the fundamental cause of the outbreak," but he blamed this attitude on the campaign of propaganda and incitement, and not on the economic situation.
310:
365:(iv) While making no formal recommendations on constitutional development, the commission observed that the difficulties of the administration were greatly aggravated by the absence of any measure of self-government.
286:
Jewish immigration into Palestine have been such as to arouse among the Arabs the apprehensions that they will in time be deprived of their livelihood and pass under the political domination of the Jews.
233:
bought, suggesting that 'immigrants would not be content to occupy undeveloped areas', with the consequence that 'the economic pressure upon the Arab population was likely to increase'
377:. While accepting much of the report's findings, he challenges some points and makes a number of additional criticisms and recommendations. The following is a list of some of them.
262:
In playing the part that he took in the formation of societies for the defence of the Moslem Holy Places and in fostering the activities of such societies when formed, the
249:
The outbreak in Jerusalem on 23 August was from the beginning an attack by Arabs on Jews for which no excuse in the form of earlier murders by Jews has been established.
801:
75:
332:
The belief, due largely to a feeling of uncertainty as to policy, that the decisions of the Palestine Government could be influenced by political considerations.
760:"Report of the Commission on the Palestine disturbances of August, 1929. / Presented by the secretary of state for the colonies to Parliament by command of ..."
736:"Report of the Commission on the Palestine disturbances of August, 1929. / Presented by the secretary of state for the colonies to Parliament by command of ..."
712:"Report of the Commission on the Palestine disturbances of August, 1929. / Presented by the secretary of state for the colonies to Parliament by command of ..."
688:"Report of the Commission on the Palestine disturbances of August, 1929. / Presented by the secretary of state for the colonies to Parliament by command of ..."
661:"Report of the Commission on the Palestine disturbances of August, 1929. / Presented by the secretary of state for the colonies to Parliament by command of ..."
637:"Report of the Commission on the Palestine disturbances of August, 1929. / Presented by the secretary of state for the colonies to Parliament by command of ..."
610:"Report of the Commission on the Palestine disturbances of August, 1929. / Presented by the secretary of state for the colonies to Parliament by command of ..."
458:"Report of the Commission on the Palestine disturbances of August, 1929. / Presented by the secretary of state for the colonies to Parliament by command of ..."
434:"Report of the Commission on the Palestine disturbances of August, 1929. / Presented by the secretary of state for the colonies to Parliament by command of ..."
280:
After the disturbances had broken out the Mufti co-operated with the Government in their efforts both to restore peace and to prevent the extension of disorder.
273:...in the matter of innovations of practice little blame can be attached to the Mufti in which some Jewish religious authorities also would not have to share.
1035:
46:
400:
In this respect, he held that the Palestine Government should be administratively and financially responsible for ensuring that no Arabs went landless.
220:
The Commission addressed two aspects of the disturbances, the immediate nature of the riots and the causes behind them. In the words of Naomi Cohen:
1095:
592:
548:
Great Britain, 1930 : Report of the Commission on the Palestine Disturbances of August 1929, Command paper Cmd. 3530 (Shaw Commission report).
320:
Excited and intemperate articles which appeared in some Arabic papers, in one Hebrew daily paper and in a Jewish weekly paper published in English.
338:
The Commission recommended that the Government reconsider its policies as to Jewish immigration and land sales to Jews. This led directly to the
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inexcusable, were in most cases in retaliation for wrongs already committed by Arabs in the neighbourhood in which the Jewish attacks occurred.
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While the violence was the direct result of an ongoing dispute over the Jews' ability to worship freely at the
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Notably, he questioned the report's conclusions regarding Jewish land procurement and immigration. He argued,
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was influenced by the twofold desire to confront the Jews and to mobilise Moslem opinion on the issue of the
138:, was the result of a British commission of inquiry, led by Sir Walter Shaw, established to investigate the
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in late August 1929. The commission's report was issued in March 1930 and led to the establishment of the
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He also spoke to the need of Jewish leaders to help alleviate the Arab's concerns and misapprehensions.
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The outbreak neither was nor was intended to be a revolt against British authority in Palestine.
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The conclusions of the Commission, especially regarding the riots themselves, were as follows.
599:, The Political History of Palestine under British Administration, The disorders of August 1929
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Members of Royal Commission 1929. From left: Snell, Morris, Sir Betterton, Mrs Betterton,
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Propaganda among the less-educated Arab people of a character calculated to incite them.
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discontented class is being created. Such a class is a potential danger to the country.
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in Palestine in late August 1929, which caused the deaths of 243 Jews and Arabs.
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The year after the riots: American responses to the Palestine crisis of 1929-39
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The claim of dispossession: Jewish land-settlement and the Arabs, 1878-1948,
329:
The inadequacy of the military forces and of the reliable police available.
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197:(Labour). The aim of the Commission was to look into the reasons for the
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53:
132:
Report of the Commission on the Palestine Disturbances of August 1929
50:
Report of the Commission on the Palestine Disturbances of August 1929
21:
Report of the Commission on the Palestine Disturbances of August 1929
169:
161:, both which called for limited Jewish immigration to Palestine.
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The report includes a 12-page "Note of Reservations" written by
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In our opinion the immediate causes of the outbreak were:-
1036:
Statement of Information Relating to Acts of Violence
311:
Society for the Protection of the Moslem Holy Places
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485:: Une Mission sacrée de civilisation, 1922-1947,
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173:The Shaw Commission, October 1929, Jerusalem.
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1068:American trusteeship proposal for Palestine
1024:Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry report
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513:, Wayne State University Press, 1988 p. 34
217:material submitted by Mandatory officials
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326:The enlargement of the Jewish Agency.
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1074:Israeli Declaration of Independence
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500:Transaction Publishers, 1984 p. 125
37:Investigation of the causes of the
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590:Aug 1947 - UK DELEGATION TO THE UN
252:The outbreak was not premeditated.
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313:and, in a lesser degree, of the
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140:violent rioting in Palestine
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991:Woodhead Commission report
923:Haycraft Commission report
877:Anglo-French Modus Vivendi
537:The claim of dispossession
524:The claim of dispossession
487:Fayard, Paris, 2002 p. 183
315:Pro-Wailing Wall Committee
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872:Declaration to the Seven
595:20 November 2018 at the
483:La Question de Palestine
134:, commonly known as the
913:Palin Commission report
838:The Future of Palestine
986:Peel Commission report
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179:Commission of Inquiry
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159:Passfield white paper
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1125:1929 Palestine riots
509:Naomi Wiener Cohen,
369:Note of Reservations
350:Main recommendations
155:Hope Simpson Enquiry
144:Hope Simpson Enquiry
110:Hope Simpson Enquiry
87:1929 Palestine riots
39:1929 Palestine riots
1041:MorrisonâGrady Plan
1029:Survey of Palestine
997:White Paper of 1939
971:Hope Simpson report
908:San Remo Resolution
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812:Mandatory Palestine
187:Sir Henry Betterton
181:was chaired by Sir
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810:Key documents of
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539:: ibid.p.127
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268:Wailing Wall
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212:and Sir Shaw
177:The British
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151:Western Wall
148:
135:
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127:
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15:
559:"full text"
277:incitement.
241:Conclusions
195:Henry Snell
183:Walter Shaw
128:Shaw Report
1119:Categories
1046:Bevin Plan
763:HathiTrust
739:HathiTrust
715:HathiTrust
691:HathiTrust
664:HathiTrust
640:HathiTrust
613:HathiTrust
461:HathiTrust
437:HathiTrust
420:References
29:March 1930
1103:Aftermath
575:14 August
342:in 1930.
290:arrivals.
1096:Timeline
593:Archived
566:Archived
407:See also
165:Overview
1089:History
34:Purpose
26:Created
1051:UNSCOP
768:21 May
744:21 May
720:21 May
696:21 May
669:21 May
645:21 May
618:21 May
466:21 May
442:21 May
415:, 1937
1007:1940s
954:1930s
901:1920s
826:1910s
569:(PDF)
562:(PDF)
264:Mufti
770:2024
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577:2020
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210:Cust
126:The
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