35:
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at right angles to the mosque's east wall and the whole area became the Shrine of Our Lady of Europe. A statue of the Virgin and Child was installed in this shrine in the 15th century. The statue was quite small, only two feet in height, carved in wood and polychromed in royal red, blue and gold. The
495:
on 17 October 1961, in a private ceremony. Restoration works began in 1962. For the first time in 258 years, a mass was celebrated at the Shrine on 28 September 1962. The statue was finally transferred in public procession from St. Joseph's Parish Church to the Shrine on 7 October 1967. In the early
402:... twelve silver lamps, candlesticks, lecterns, crowns, gems and consecrated vessels, the clothes of many families, who had withdrawn there, and when there was nothing else to rob, they broke off the head of the statue which is so venerated in Spain and the child Jesus and threw it among the stones.
486:
for the garrison, but with the outbreak of World War II, it was returned to a storage facility. By 1959, the military authorities, which had begun to withdraw many military installations in
Gibraltar, noted that it was no longer required and decided to demolish it. However, this never happened and
406:
Some women had been killed in a gunfight before the soldiers took the shrine, but did not suffer from further molestation when the shrine was sacked. The head of the statue of the Virgin and the child Jesus were broken off. Once broken, the remains were thrown out into the strait landing among the
310:
saluted Our Lady as they passed Europa Point and mariners often came ashore with gifts to the shrine. Provisions were made by them for a constant supply of oil so that a light could be kept burning not only in front of the image but also in the tower. Therefore, the light kept burning in the tower
453:, petitioned for the return of the original statue from Algeciras. It was eventually returned to Gibraltar in 1864. As the Shrine of Our Lady of Europe remained in military hands, the statue was provisionally placed in a new chapel erected along
749:
3100:
1321:
1311:
334:, Hali Hamat. The shrine was sacked and all its valuables were stolen, but the statue of the Virgin and Child was respected. The shrine recovered and was protected by new walls, erected by
475:, the statue was returned to the cathedral for safekeeping. After the War, the statue was once more relocated, this time to St. Joseph's Parish Church, the closest church to Europa Point.
757:
955:
419:. Romero de Figueroa remained in the city even when the majority of the population left Gibraltar after the capture of the city and eventually took the statue's remains to
2233:
1083:
390:. As the bombardment of the city began, most of the women and children of Gibraltar were evacuated to the shrine led by several priests. Part of the troops of Captain
3110:
2306:
1116:
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1970s, the building underwent changes. The statue of Our Lady remains in the Shrine to this day. in 1997, the sanctuary was rebuilt, and the statue restored.
3075:
1969:
131:
438:(now Gibraltar's Roman Catholic cathedral), was desecrated and ceased to be used, but taken over for military use. It also suffered heavy damage during the
423:
for safekeeping, one of the places where the former
Spanish inhabitants of Gibraltar had settled down. The statue was hosted in a small chapel dedicated to
1249:
1244:
647:
Français: Informations sur le
Sanctuaire marial de Notre-Dame de l'Europe, afficher dans une exposition au Sanctuaire de Lourdes, Ă l'accueil Jean-Paul II
948:
306:
with three flowers denoting Love, Truth and
Justice. The shrine prospered in fame and popularity, for well over two centuries. Ships passing through the
1203:
1782:
2627:
2311:
434:
At the time of the capture of
Gibraltar by the Anglo-Dutch fleet, the shrine, as all other Catholic places of worship in Gibraltar except for the
294:), with devout intention of consecrating to God, through Mary, the whole continent, from a place of prayer and worship at its southernmost point.
454:
2487:
2052:
941:
3080:
2887:
1947:
1769:
1680:
50:
2179:
927:
916:
3115:
2739:
2542:
1365:
598:
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Virgin was seated in a simple chair, with the Child Jesus on her lap. Both were crowned and the Virgin held in her right hand a
3105:
2965:
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1425:
1254:
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1900:
1719:
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479:
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17:
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2764:
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1797:
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officially approved the title of Our Lady of Europe as
Patroness of Gibraltar, and subsequently the shrine was restored.
492:
67:
2860:
2769:
2455:
2080:
1974:
1450:
1435:
1167:
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2774:
2642:
2150:
2145:
1922:
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1022:
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707:
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1895:
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379:
1820:
2899:
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2504:
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1844:
1673:
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1177:
666:
538:
387:
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1940:
1802:
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1285:
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2228:
2174:
1935:
1612:
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1326:
548:
428:
331:
124:
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After the French bombing in 1693, the next attack to the shrine took place in August 1704 as the city was
3090:
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2195:
1723:
1627:
1483:
1410:
1370:
1211:
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1136:
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1037:
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2492:
2402:
1930:
1739:
1617:
1531:
1493:
1385:
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until 1961. It had been an army storehouse for oil and packing cases. Since 1928 it had been used as a
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2817:
2652:
2346:
2140:
2042:
1964:
1714:
1666:
1521:
1415:
1380:
996:
986:
818:
2911:
2419:
2361:
2336:
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2167:
2095:
2060:
2007:
1764:
1734:
1637:
1602:
1193:
1172:
991:
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The building erected at the place of the old Shrine of Our Lady of Europe remained property of the
439:
355:
267:
2620:
2603:
2070:
1587:
1498:
1473:
1375:
1234:
1093:
1042:
1027:
711:
645:
412:
227:
62:
34:
2682:
2632:
2588:
2514:
2497:
2356:
2240:
2162:
1872:
1607:
1557:
1508:
1460:
1405:
1316:
1131:
750:"Joint issue Gibraltar - Vatican City 700 Years of devotion to Our Lady of Europe (Mini-sheet)"
450:
869:
278:. They converted again the little mosque at Europa Point into a Christian shrine in honour of
2894:
2807:
2704:
2665:
2537:
2424:
2323:
2215:
2200:
2122:
2022:
1572:
1141:
339:
200:
74:
55:
259:. It is known that during the first Spanish period (1309–1333) the mosque was turned into a
2583:
2565:
2472:
2429:
2384:
2272:
2027:
1890:
1744:
1703:
1420:
1239:
1126:
1121:
1078:
1047:
424:
521:
Upon the 700th anniversary of the devotion to Our Lady of Europe, the shrine received the
8:
2677:
2527:
2461:
2065:
2032:
1952:
1729:
1592:
1516:
1198:
1106:
577:
573:
446:
442:
and subsequently demolished with a new one rebuilt on the same site in subsequent years.
307:
933:
3017:
2845:
2812:
2791:
2779:
2615:
2341:
2223:
2205:
1400:
1151:
1052:
1006:
335:
216:
3036:
2983:
2724:
2719:
2017:
1912:
1814:
1810:
1754:
1582:
1562:
1547:
1468:
1073:
896:
851:
526:
510:
488:
383:
319:
91:
16:
This article is about the shrine in
Gibraltar. For the shrine in Campodolcino, see
3041:
2973:
2729:
2687:
2157:
2075:
2012:
1997:
1632:
1342:
1032:
472:
408:
287:
271:
251:
At the beginning of the 14th century, during the Moor period of the town, a small
2407:
1642:
1111:
1101:
888:
865:
407:
rocks below. However, as the statue was wooden, the remains floated out into the
391:
351:
204:
79:
714:, in the Baptismal Register, afterwards taken to the parish church of San Roque.
2610:
2090:
2085:
1774:
1577:
1552:
1216:
981:
323:
3069:
2660:
2351:
2037:
1905:
146:
133:
3101:
Conversion of non-Christian religious buildings and structures into churches
1828:
1749:
1647:
1597:
1567:
347:
338:. New notable gifts were received, such as a silver lamp, given in 1568 by
260:
256:
231:
220:
212:
116:
98:
2289:
2002:
706:, pp. 173–174, quoting an annotation by the priest of the parish of
522:
679:
2467:
312:
1858:
1689:
966:
420:
395:
371:
366:
208:
1836:
1658:
922:
411:
where they were found by a fisherman, who later delivered them to
2692:
483:
468:
398:, headed to the shrine and captured the women. They also looted:
327:
303:
182:
747:
574:"'The Shrine of Our Lady of Europe is a Centre of Spirituality'"
458:
298:
283:
252:
235:
234:
sanctuaries in Europe (as many as the number of decades in the
819:"Shrine of Our Lady of Europe - Catholic Diocese of Gibraltar"
669:, Friends of Gibraltar Heritage Society, August 2005, page 11
461:
343:
275:
465:
2447:
963:
1970:
Ornithological & Natural
History Society (GONHS)
870:"Historical Notes On Our Lady of Europe, based on
928:Vatican press publishes 'Our Lady of Europe' Book
571:
3111:Religious organizations established in the 1460s
3067:
2312:European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)
917:Lady of Europe at the Gibraltar government site
1674:
949:
3076:14th-century Roman Catholic church buildings
895:. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
350:, and two massive silver lamps presented by
311:above the chapel was the Gibraltar's first
1681:
1667:
956:
942:
848:Rock of Contention. A History of Gibraltar
33:
2180:Political development in modern Gibraltar
748:Philatelic and Numismatic Office (2009).
415:, the priest in charge at the parish of
370:Gibraltar plaques - Our Lady of Europe,
365:
2853:
887:
864:
802:
790:
778:
735:
723:
75:Ecclesiastical or organizational status
3068:
380:captured by a mainly Anglo-Dutch fleet
326:. In 1545, Gibraltar was attacked and
2563:
2382:
2120:
1870:
1701:
1662:
937:
923:Our Lady of Europe's official website
845:
813:
811:
703:
639:
361:
246:
3081:Roman Catholic churches in Gibraltar
3024:
1688:
741:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
18:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe (Italy)
3048:
1250:Detached Mole ("C" Head) Lighthouse
1245:Detached Mole ("B" Head) Lighthouse
643:
544:Roman Catholic Diocese of Gibraltar
13:
2456:Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation
881:
808:
382:on behalf of the pretender to the
14:
3127:
2775:Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned
2643:Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar
1361:Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned
1023:Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned
910:
616:
504:
427:, which was later renamed to the
3047:
3035:
3023:
3012:
3011:
1901:Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault
1857:
572:Alice Mascarenhas (5 May 2009).
322:of Spain were the target of the
3116:Roman Catholic national shrines
1527:Gibraltar International Airport
796:
784:
772:
499:
2224:Black Swan Project controversy
729:
717:
697:
672:
660:
644:Bon, Patrice (28 April 2019),
591:
565:
539:Roman Catholicism in Gibraltar
436:Church of St. Mary the Crowned
274:recaptured Gibraltar from the
1:
3106:1462 establishments in Europe
2740:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity
1871:
1760:Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar
1541:Batteries, Bastions and Walls
1366:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity
893:History of Our Lady of Europe
872:History of Our Lady of Europe
554:
487:due to the efforts of Bishop
292:Ermita de la Virgen de Europa
215:. The church is dedicated to
2785:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
2594:Bayside Comprehensive School
2121:
1479:Bayside Comprehensive School
1391:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
1327:Gibraltar Cross of Sacrifice
1322:Pillars of Hercules Monument
1002:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
964:Buildings and structures in
549:Shrine of Our Lady of Africa
457:. The new chapel included a
429:Chapel of Our Lady of Europe
197:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
39:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
28:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
7:
3096:Former mosques in Gibraltar
2564:
2543:Vehicle registration plates
2483:Royal Gibraltar Post Office
2383:
1702:
1623:Princess Caroline's Battery
1255:North Mole Elbow Lighthouse
1137:Royal Gibraltar Post Office
532:
525:, a rare gift given by the
10:
3132:
3086:Shrines to the Virgin Mary
2488:postage stamps and history
1532:Royal Gibraltar Yacht Club
1494:Talmud Torah Hebrew School
1426:Our Lady of Sorrows Church
1312:Cradle of History Monument
516:
354:, upon his victory at the
241:
15:
3007:
2964:
2932:
2844:
2818:Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque
2800:
2712:
2703:
2651:
2576:
2572:
2559:
2513:
2438:
2395:
2391:
2378:
2347:Napier of Magdala Battery
2322:
2214:
2188:
2133:
2129:
2116:
2051:
1990:
1983:
1921:
1883:
1879:
1866:
1855:
1715:Neanderthals in Gibraltar
1710:
1697:
1613:Princess Amelia's Battery
1540:
1522:Gibraltar Cruise Terminal
1507:
1489:Christian Brothers School
1459:
1381:Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque
1351:
1335:
1299:
1273:
1225:
1186:
1160:
1092:
1061:
1015:
987:Napier of Magdala Battery
974:
318:In the 16th century, the
180:
175:
167:
162:
123:
112:
107:
97:
86:
73:
61:
49:
44:
32:
27:
2362:Royal Gibraltar Regiment
2337:Gibraltar Defence Police
2332:British Forces Gibraltar
1735:First Siege of Gibraltar
1638:South Bastion, Gibraltar
1628:Princess Royal's Battery
1603:North Bastion, Gibraltar
1208:O'Callaghan Eliott Hotel
445:In the early 1860s, the
440:Great Siege of Gibraltar
356:Battle of Lepanto (1571)
268:St. Bernard of Clairvaux
2604:University of Gibraltar
2290:Sovereignty referendums
1948:Reptiles and amphibians
1618:Princess Anne's Battery
1499:University of Gibraltar
1474:Gibraltar Public School
1376:Synagogues of Gibraltar
1300:Monuments and memorials
1235:Europa Point Lighthouse
850:. London: Robert Hale.
712:Juan Romero de Figueroa
413:Juan Romero de Figueroa
228:European Marian Network
2533:Gibraltar–Spain border
2357:Royal Gibraltar Police
2096:St. Bernard's Hospital
2081:King George V Hospital
1770:George Augustus Eliott
1317:Gibraltar War Memorial
1168:King George V Hospital
1117:Gibraltar Savings Bank
997:Parson's Lodge Battery
846:Hills, George (1974).
667:FOGHS Newsletter No 73
464:donated afterwards by
451:John Baptist Scandella
404:
375:
291:
266:On 20 August 1462, on
147:36.111332°N 5.348293°W
125:Geographic coordinates
2538:Shipping in Gibraltar
1803:Explosion of the RFA
1573:Flat Bastion Magazine
1307:American War Memorial
1265:South Mole Lighthouse
1260:North Mole Lighthouse
1173:St Bernard's Hospital
400:
369:
340:Giovanni Andrea Doria
230:, which links twenty
2947:Records in athletics
2922:Campo Gibraltar RUFC
2900:Football Association
2749:(Church of Scotland)
2747:St. Andrew's Church
2478:Regulatory Authority
1798:Maltese in Gibraltar
1793:Genoese in Gibraltar
1745:Capture of Gibraltar
1588:Lord Airey's Battery
1451:St. Theresa's Church
1436:St. Bernard's Church
1421:North Front Cemetery
1240:Gibraltar Aerobeacon
1178:Royal Naval Hospital
1127:John Mackintosh Hall
708:St. Mary the Crowned
491:it was ceded to the
417:St. Mary the Crowned
394:, who had landed at
320:Mediterranean coasts
152:36.111332; -5.348293
68:Diocese of Gibraltar
2678:Gibraltarian status
2462:Gibraltar Chronicle
2033:Strait of Gibraltar
1957:Iberis gibraltarica
1740:Battle of Gibraltar
1730:Pillars of Hercules
1593:Middle Hill Battery
1558:Devil's Gap Battery
1441:St. Joseph's Church
1431:Sacred Heart Church
1406:Jews' Gate Cemetery
1396:St. Andrew's Church
1199:Caleta Palace Hotel
684:ourladyofeurope.net
603:www.ausrosvartai.lt
578:Gibraltar Chronicle
480:Ministry of Defence
342:, son of the great
330:by a lieutenant of
308:Strait of Gibraltar
297:They built a large
143: /
3091:Our Lady of Europe
2937:Commonwealth Games
2792:Trafalgar Cemetery
2780:Our Lady of Europe
2621:LlĂ©vame Donde NacĂ
2342:Gibraltar Squadron
2141:Constitution Order
2023:St. Michael's Cave
1401:Trafalgar Cemetery
1152:Gibraltar Archives
1007:Trafalgar Cemetery
376:
362:The British period
270:'s feast day, the
247:The Spanish period
226:It belongs to the
217:Our Lady of Europe
203:parish church and
3063:
3062:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2960:
2959:
2840:
2839:
2760:Roman Catholicism
2725:Diocese in Europe
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2505:Telephone numbers
2450:(Internet domain)
2374:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2285:Political parties
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2018:Rock of Gibraltar
1913:Iberian Peninsula
1853:
1852:
1815:Death on the Rock
1811:Operation Flavius
1755:Treaty of Utrecht
1656:
1655:
1583:Line Wall Curtain
1548:Breakneck Battery
1469:Gibraltar College
1446:St. Paul's Church
1074:Rosia Water Tanks
527:Pope Benedict XVI
511:Pope John Paul II
193:
192:
92:Charles Azzopardi
3123:
3051:
3050:
3039:
3027:
3026:
3015:
3014:
2952:Victoria Stadium
2851:
2850:
2750:
2735:Bishop suffragan
2710:
2709:
2574:
2573:
2561:
2560:
2451:
2393:
2392:
2380:
2379:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2117:
2076:Garrison Library
1998:Bay of Gibraltar
1988:
1987:
1960:
1941:Barbary macaques
1881:
1880:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1778:
1699:
1698:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1633:Rock Gun Battery
1608:O'Hara's Battery
1386:Methodist Church
1343:Gibraltar Museum
1204:The Cannon Hotel
1147:Victualling Yard
1033:Garrison Library
969:
958:
951:
944:
935:
934:
906:
889:Caruana, Charles
877:
866:Caruana, Charles
861:
834:
833:
831:
829:
815:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
769:
767:
765:
756:. Archived from
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
701:
695:
694:
692:
690:
676:
670:
664:
658:
657:
656:
654:
641:
614:
613:
611:
609:
595:
589:
588:
586:
584:
569:
473:Second World War
409:Bay of Gibraltar
388:Archduke Charles
282:as Patroness of
189:
186:
185:.ourladyofeurope
184:
158:
157:
155:
154:
153:
148:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
99:Year consecrated
37:
25:
24:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
2995:
2956:
2928:
2836:
2830:Great Synagogue
2796:
2748:
2730:Bishop diocesan
2699:
2647:
2638:Public holidays
2599:Westside School
2568:
2547:
2509:
2449:
2434:
2408:Gibraltar pound
2387:
2366:
2318:
2229:Disputed status
2210:
2184:
2125:
2100:
2047:
1979:
1965:Botanic Gardens
1954:
1917:
1875:
1862:
1849:
1776:
1775:Gibraltar real
1706:
1693:
1687:
1657:
1652:
1643:Southport Gates
1536:
1503:
1484:Westside School
1455:
1371:Great Synagogue
1347:
1331:
1295:
1269:
1221:
1182:
1156:
1112:Gibraltar House
1102:6 Convent Place
1088:
1057:
1053:St. Jago's Arch
1038:Great Synagogue
1011:
970:
965:
962:
913:
903:
884:
882:Further reading
858:
837:
827:
825:
823:Catholic Church
817:
816:
809:
801:
797:
789:
785:
777:
773:
763:
761:
760:on 22 June 2009
754:vaticanstate.va
746:
742:
734:
730:
722:
718:
702:
698:
688:
686:
678:
677:
673:
665:
661:
652:
650:
642:
617:
607:
605:
599:"Aušros Vartai"
597:
596:
592:
582:
580:
570:
566:
557:
535:
519:
507:
502:
447:Vicar Apostolic
392:Edward Whitaker
364:
352:John of Austria
324:Barbary pirates
255:was erected in
249:
244:
219:, the Catholic
205:national shrine
181:
151:
149:
145:
142:
137:
134:
132:
130:
129:
80:National Shrine
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1016:Grade B listed
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982:Moorish Castle
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975:Grade A listed
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2984:Official flag
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2917:national team
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2661:Gibraltarians
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2307:EU referendum
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2061:Bristol Hotel
2059:
2058:
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2050:
2044:
2043:Windmill Hill
2041:
2039:
2038:Vanguard Cave
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:Gorham's Cave
2011:
2009:
2008:Eastern Beach
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2001:
1999:
1996:
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1989:
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1975:Wildlife Park
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1906:Gibraltar Arc
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2979:Coat of arms
2942:Island Games
2883:Field hockey
2801:Other faiths
2784:
2713:Christianity
2653:Demographics
2633:National Day
2498:Study Circle
2460:
2163:court system
1956:
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1829:
1821:
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1783:World War II
1750:George Rooke
1648:Spur Battery
1598:Moorish Wall
1568:Flat Bastion
1390:
1001:
892:
871:
847:
840:Bibliography
826:. Retrieved
822:
805:, p. 19
803:Caruana 2008
798:
793:, p. 17
791:Caruana 2008
786:
781:, p. 16
779:Caruana 2008
774:
762:. Retrieved
758:the original
753:
743:
738:, p. 13
736:Caruana 2008
731:
724:Caruana 2008
719:
699:
687:. Retrieved
683:
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662:
651:, retrieved
646:
606:. Retrieved
602:
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567:
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508:
500:Recent years
477:
444:
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377:
348:Andrea Doria
317:
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265:
257:Europa Point
250:
225:
213:Europa Point
196:
194:
171:14th century
163:Architecture
117:Europa Point
22:
3054:WikiProject
2989:other flags
2912:Rugby union
2720:Anglicanism
2168:LGBT rights
2071:The Convent
2003:Catalan Bay
1923:Environment
1788:Nationality
1765:Great Siege
1227:Lighthouses
1028:The Convent
726:, p. 6
523:Golden Rose
425:St. Bernard
211:located at
150: /
119:, Gibraltar
51:Affiliation
3070:Categories
2861:Basketball
2468:Gibtelecom
2273:Parliament
1953:Candytuft
1777:(currency)
1291:South Mole
1286:North Mole
1132:Main Guard
1122:Parliament
1094:Government
1062:Demolished
1048:Parliament
992:Nun's Well
704:Hills 1974
583:30 January
555:References
489:John Healy
332:Barbarossa
313:lighthouse
135:36°06′41″N
87:Leadership
2755:Methodism
2683:Languages
2671:in the UK
2589:Education
2528:Cable car
2515:Transport
2241:Elections
2066:City Hall
2028:Sandy Bay
1873:Geography
1830:New Flame
1690:Gibraltar
1517:Cable Car
1509:Transport
1353:Religious
1161:Hospitals
1142:The Mount
1107:City Hall
967:Gibraltar
764:15 August
421:Algeciras
396:Rosia Bay
372:Gibraltar
336:Philip II
272:Spaniards
261:Christian
221:patroness
209:Gibraltar
138:5°20′54″W
3018:Category
2895:Football
2854:By sport
2808:Hinduism
2705:Religion
2473:Panorama
2425:Taxation
2324:Military
2216:Politics
2201:Governor
2175:Passport
2123:Politics
1845:COVID-19
1840:incident
1832:incident
1824:incident
1805:Bedenham
1720:Timeline
891:(2009).
868:(2008).
533:See also
509:In 1979
346:admiral
280:Our Lady
263:shrine.
113:Location
108:Location
82:, Parish
63:Province
45:Religion
3030:Commons
2966:Symbols
2878:Cycling
2866:Cricket
2825:Judaism
2765:Diocese
2693:Llanito
2688:English
2584:Cuisine
2577:General
2566:Culture
2523:Airport
2430:Tourism
2396:General
2385:Economy
2278:Speaker
2234:isthmus
2134:General
1991:Natural
1936:Mammals
1896:Geology
1891:Climate
1884:General
1704:History
1461:Schools
1336:Museums
608:28 July
517:Jubilee
493:Diocese
484:library
469:Pius IX
344:Genoese
304:sceptre
288:Spanish
242:History
176:Website
3042:Portal
2974:Anthem
2770:Bishop
2189:People
1984:Places
1822:Aurora
1724:sieges
1692:topics
1187:Hotels
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854:
459:marble
386:, the
328:looted
299:chapel
284:Europe
253:mosque
236:Rosary
232:Marian
2846:Sport
2813:Islam
2616:Music
2413:coins
2403:Banks
2206:Mayor
2053:Built
1931:Birds
1838:Fedra
1274:Moles
828:2 May
689:2 May
653:2 May
560:Notes
462:altar
276:Moors
199:is a
2666:list
2448:.gi
2300:2002
2295:1967
2266:2023
2261:2019
2256:2015
2251:2011
2246:2007
2151:2006
2146:1969
897:ISBN
852:ISBN
830:2019
766:2012
691:2019
655:2019
610:2018
585:2010
466:Pope
195:The
187:.net
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2158:Law
238:).
207:of
183:www
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