History - Knowledge

1004: 2187:, is the field that includes history of ordinary people and their strategies and institutions for coping with life. In its "golden age" it was a major growth field in the 1960s and 1970s among scholars, and still is well represented in history departments. In two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, while the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%. In the history departments of British universities in 2007, of the 5723 faculty members, 1644 (29%) identified themselves with social history while 1951: 2691:, Oxford's Regius Professor of history in 1904 ridiculed the system as best suited to produce superficial journalists. The Oxford tutors, who had more votes than the professors, fought back in defense of their system saying that it successfully produced Britain's outstanding statesmen, administrators, prelates, and diplomats, and that mission was as valuable as training scholars. The tutors dominated the debate until after the Second World War. It forced aspiring young scholars to teach at outlying schools, such as Manchester University, where 1624:, the historical process is rooted in the archives, therefore silences, or parts of history that are forgotten, may be an intentional part of a narrative strategy that dictates how areas of history are remembered. Historical omissions can occur in many ways and can have a profound effect on historical records. Information can also purposely be excluded or left out accidentally. Historians have coined multiple terms that describe the act of omitting historical information, including: "silencing", "selective memory", and erasures. 1395:, warned of 7 mistakes he thought historians committed. In this criticism, he approached the past as strange and in need of interpretation. The originality of Ibn Khaldun was to claim that the cultural difference of another age must govern the evaluation of relevant historical material, to distinguish the principles according to which it might be possible to attempt the evaluation, and to feel the need for experience, in addition to rational principles, in order to assess a culture of the past. Ibn Khaldun criticized "idle 2726:

the History/Geography group in the Inspectorate of National Education advised that teachers should provide historic documents and promote "active methods" which would give pupils "the immense happiness of discovery". Proponents said it was a reaction against the memorization of names and dates that characterized teaching and left the students bored. Traditionalists protested loudly it was a postmodern innovation that threatened to leave the youth ignorant of French patriotism and national identity.

721: 1885:, with subdivisions that are also based on different styles of material remains. Here prehistory is divided into a series of "chapters" so that periods in history could unfold not only in a relative chronology but also narrative chronology. This narrative content could be in the form of functional-economic interpretation. There are periodizations, however, that do not have this narrative aspect, relying largely on relative chronology, and that are thus devoid of any specific meaning. 19274: 12350: 53: 2523:

social effects of perceived differences between the sexes and how all genders use allotted power in societal and political structures. Despite being a relatively new field, gender history has had a significant effect on the general study of history. Gender history traditionally differs from women's history in its inclusion of all aspects of gender such as masculinity and femininity, and today's gender history extends to include people who identify outside of that binary.

2599: 1059:, and attempted to answer historical questions through the study of written documents and oral accounts. From the beginning, historians have used such sources as monuments, inscriptions, and pictures. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult all three. But writing is the marker that separates history from what comes before. 17422: 8426: 19119: 18135: 12314: 11096: 10123: 9139: 436: 1207: 12339: 19172: 19240: 676:. However, ancient cultural influences have helped create variant interpretations of the nature of history, which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and certain topical or thematic elements of historical investigation. History is taught as a part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a 19257: 19223: 1025:

is a result of circumscribing a more general archive by invalidating the usage of certain texts and documents (by falsifying their claims to represent the "true past"). Part of the historian's role is to skillfully and objectively use the many sources from the past, most often found in the archives. The process of creating a narrative inevitably generates debate, as historians remember or emphasize different events of the past.

19291: 19206: 481: 2775:

deliberately unpatriotic undertone" and reflects "principles formulated by international organizations such as UNESCO or the Council of Europe, thus oriented towards human rights, democracy and peace." The result is that "German textbooks usually downplay national pride and ambitions and aim to develop an understanding of citizenship centered on democracy, progress, human rights, peace, tolerance and Europeanness."

2735: 19189: 19129: 12326: 11106: 10133: 2787: 423: 1476:. Many are noted for their multidisciplinary approach e.g. Braudel combined history with geography. Nevertheless, these multidisciplinary approaches failed to produce a theory of history. So far only one theory of history came from a professional historian. Whatever other theories of history exist, they were written by experts from other fields (for example, Marxian theory of history). The field of 2589: 1161: 16891: 7895: 1925:(1833), "without geographical basis, the people, the makers of history, seem to be walking on air". Weather patterns, the water supply, and the landscape of a place all affect the lives of the people who live there. For example, to explain why the ancient Egyptians developed a successful civilization, studying the 2707:

From the origins of national school systems in the 19th century, the teaching of history to promote national sentiment has been a high priority. In the United States after World War I, a strong movement emerged at the university level to teach courses in Western Civilization, so as to give students a

2411:

World history is the study of major civilizations over the last 3,000 years or so. World history is primarily a teaching field, rather than a research field. It gained popularity in the United States, Japan and other countries after the 1980s with the realization that students need a broader exposure

2343:

notes that after the First World War, "diplomatic history replaced constitutional history as the flagship of historical investigation, at once the most important, most exact and most sophisticated of historical studies". She adds that after 1945, the trend reversed, allowing social history to replace

2330:

focuses on the relationships between nations, primarily regarding diplomacy and the causes of wars. More recently it looks at the causes of peace and human rights. It typically presents the viewpoints of the foreign office, and long-term strategic values, as the driving force of continuity and change

2304:

as the dominant form in the 1980s and 1990s. It typically combines the approaches of anthropology and history to look at language, popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience. It examines the records and narrative descriptions of past knowledge, customs, and arts

1309:, rather than the result of divine intervention (though Herodotus was not wholly committed to this idea himself). In his historical method, Thucydides emphasized chronology, a nominally neutral point of view, and that the human world was the result of human actions. Greek historians viewed history as 694:, he helped form the foundations for the modern study of past events and societies. Their works continue to be read today, and the gap between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In East Asia a state 2725:

and other journals for teachers. Also influential was the Institut national de recherche et de documentation pédagogique (INRDP). Joseph Leif, the Inspector-general of teacher training, said pupils children should learn about historians' approaches as well as facts and dates. Louis François, Dean of

2367:

deals with the history of individual business organizations, business methods, government regulation, labour relations, and impact on society. It also includes biographies of individual companies, executives, and entrepreneurs. It is related to economic history. Business history is most often taught

1439:

in Germany. He limited history to "what really happened" and by this directed the field further away from science. For Ranke, historical data should be collected carefully, examined objectively and put together with critical rigor. But these procedures "are merely the prerequisites and preliminaries

1426:

summarized these methods:"From the successive strata of our historical deposits, they diligently gather all the highly colored fragments, pounce upon everything that is curious and sparkling and chuckle like children over their glittering acquisitions; meanwhile the rich veins of wisdom that ramify

2568:

describes the broad range of activities undertaken by people with some training in the discipline of history who are generally working outside of specialized academic settings. Public history practice has quite deep roots in the areas of historic preservation, archival science, oral history, museum

1929:

is essential. Egyptian civilization was built on the banks of the Nile River, which flooded each year, depositing soil on its banks. The rich soil could help farmers grow enough crops to feed the people in the cities. That meant everyone did not have to farm, so some people could perform other jobs

1024:

All events that are remembered and preserved in some authentic form constitute the historical record. The task of historical discourse is to identify the sources which can most usefully contribute to the production of accurate accounts of past. Therefore, the constitution of the historian's archive

1021:, "All history is contemporary history". History is facilitated by the formation of a "true discourse of past" through the production of narrative and analysis of past events relating to the human race. The modern discipline of history is dedicated to the institutional production of this discourse. 1175:

and practices (for example, the move from short-term biographical narrative toward long-term thematic analysis). Secondly, it can refer to what has been produced: a specific body of historical writing (for example, "medieval historiography during the 1960s" means "Works of medieval history written

1133:

The line of demarcation between prehistoric and historical times is crossed when people cease to live only in the present, and become consciously interested both in their past and in their future. History begins with the handing down of tradition; and tradition means the carrying of the habits and

2698:

In the United States, scholarship was concentrated at the major PhD-producing universities, while the large number of other colleges and universities focused on undergraduate teaching. A tendency in the 21st century was for the latter schools to increasingly demand scholarly productivity of their

2522:

historians dismissing the importance of women in history. According to Joan W. Scott, "Gender is a constitutive element of social relationships based on perceived differences between the sexes, and gender is a primary way of signifying relations of power", meaning that gender historians study the

1112:

around the world, as that experience has been preserved, largely in written records. By "prehistory", historians mean the recovery of knowledge of the past in an area where no written records exist, or where the writing of a culture is not understood. By studying painting, drawings, carvings, and

2742:

In several countries history textbooks are tools to foster nationalism and patriotism, and give students the official narrative about national enemies. In many countries, history textbooks are sponsored by the national government and are written to put the national heritage in the most favorable

1892:

and other scientific methods to give actual dates for many sites or artefacts, these long-established schemes seem likely to remain in use. In many cases neighboring cultures with writing have left some history of cultures without it, which may be used. Periodization, however, is not viewed as a

3984:

Marx makes no claim to have produced a master key to history. Historical materialism is not "an historico-philosophic theory of the marche generale imposed by fate upon every people, whatever the historic circumstances in which it finds itself" (Marx, Karl: Letter to editor of the Russian paper

1434:

expressed a dream of history becoming one day a science: "In regard to nature, events apparently the most irregular and capricious have been explained and have been shown to be in accordance with certain fixed and universal laws. This has been done because men of ability and, above all, men of

1065:

is especially helpful in unearthing buried sites and objects, which contribute to the study of history. Archeological finds rarely stand alone, with narrative sources complementing its discoveries. Archeology's methodologies and approaches are independent from the field of history. "Historical

2774:

for example, was criticized for describing Africans brought to American plantations as "workers" instead of slaves in a textbook. In 21st-century Germany, the history curriculum is controlled by the 16 states, and is characterized not by superpatriotism but rather by an "almost pacifistic and

2208:

saw it as the bridging point between economic and political history, reflecting that, "Without social history, economic history is barren and political history unintelligible." While the field has often been viewed negatively as history with the politics left out, it has also been defended as

1435:

patient, untiring thought have studied events with the view of discovering their regularity, and if human events were subject to a similar treatment, we have every right to expect similar results. Contrary to Buckle's dream, the 19th-century historian with greatest influence on methods became

1077:, territorially, and thematically. These divisions are not mutually exclusive, and significant intersections are present. It is possible for historians to concern themselves with both the very specific and the very general, though the trend has been toward specialization. The area called 1635:

proposed three ways to combat bias and ensure authentic and accurate narratives: narratives must not contradict known fact, they must make ecological sense (specifically for environmental history), and published work must be reviewed by scholarly community and other historians to ensure

3540: 2191:

came next with 1425 (25%). The "old" social history before the 1960s was a hodgepodge of topics without a central theme, and it often included political movements, like Populism, that were "social" in the sense of being outside the elite system. Social history was contrasted with

1893:

perfect framework, with one account explaining that "cultural changes do not conveniently start and stop (combinedly) at periodization boundaries" and that different trajectories of change need to be studied in their own right before they get intertwined with cultural phenomena.

2569:

curatorship, and other related fields. The term itself began to be used in the United States and Canada in the late 1970s, and the field has become increasingly professionalized since that time. Some of the most common settings for public history are museums, historic homes and

2133:

concerns warfare, strategies, battles, weapons, and the psychology of combat. The "new military history" since the 1970s has been concerned with soldiers more than generals, with psychology more than tactics, and with the broader impact of warfare on society and culture.

16185: 7189: 2382:

Environmental history is a new field that emerged in the 1980s to look at the history of the environment, especially in the long run, and the impact of human activities upon it. It is an offshoot of the environmental movement, which was kickstarted by Rachel Carson's

3267: 853:, with new developments in the meaning: "account of the events of a person's life (beginning of the 12th century), chronicle, account of events as relevant to a group of people or people in general (1155), dramatic or pictorial representation of historical events ( 18271: 9275: 2609:

Professional and amateur historians discover, collect, organize, and present information about past events. They discover this information through archeological evidence, written primary sources, verbal stories or oral histories, and other archival material. In

1427:

amidst this worthless debris, lie utterly neglected. Cumbrous volumes of rubbish are greedily accumulated, while those masses of rich ore, that should have been dug out, and from which golden truths might have been smelted, are left untaught and unsought."

1070:, US, has sought to understand the contradiction between textual documents idealizing "liberty" and the material record, demonstrating the possession of slaves and the inequalities of wealth made apparent by the study of the total historical environment. 1619:

suggested that history is linked to politics by the practice of silence itself. He said: "A second common view of the link between history and politics rests on the elementary observation that historians are often influenced by politics." According to

17626: 8630: 621:

to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians debate the

1448:, history is not a science. Thus if Historians tell us that, given the manner in which he practices his craft, it cannot be considered a science, we must take him at his word. If he is not doing science, then, whatever else he is doing, he is not 1288:

have written and published extensively to pull together a "universal history" in the early modern period. This written corpus and discourse in Europe includes ethnographic encounters, comparative philosophy, as well as archaeological discovery.

1113:

other artifacts, some information can be recovered even in the absence of a written record. Since the 20th century, the study of prehistory is considered essential to avoid history's implicit exclusion of certain civilizations, such as those of

16231: 7235: 16219: 7223: 2450:. A people's history is the history of the world that is the story of mass movements and of the outsiders. Individuals or groups not included in the past in other types of writing about history are the primary focus, which includes the 2484:

Intellectual history and the history of ideas emerged in the mid-20th century, with the focus on the intellectuals and their books on the one hand, and on the other the study of ideas as disembodied objects with a career of their own.

1843:

names in order to allow "organising ideas and classificatory generalisations" to be used by historians. The names given to a period can vary with geographical location, as can the dates of the beginning and end of a particular period.

2024:

is the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions: the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe, linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian Steppe of Central Asia and Eastern Europe.

16616: 7620: 3251: 5141: 2427:

every quarter since 1990. The H-World discussion list serves as a network of communication among practitioners of world history, with discussions among scholars, announcements, syllabi, bibliographies and book reviews.

2362:

Although economic history has been well established since the late 19th century, in recent years academic studies have shifted more and more toward economics departments and away from traditional history departments.

16858: 7862: 5489:

Discussion of the impact of the end of the Cold War upon scholarly research funding, the impact of the Internet and Knowledge on history study and teaching, and the importance of storytelling in history writing and

905:

was "story" in general. The restriction to the meaning "the branch of knowledge that deals with past events; the formal record or study of past events, esp. human affairs" arose in the mid-15th century. With the

1856:

used. Most periods are constructed retrospectively and so reflect value judgments made about the past. The way periods are constructed and the names given to them can affect the way they are viewed and studied.

3616: 17621: 8625: 1016:

Historians write in the context of their own time, and with due regard to the current dominant ideas of how to interpret the past, and sometimes write to provide lessons for their own society. In the words of

16207: 7211: 5365: 2686:

A major intellectual battle took place in Britain in the early twentieth century regarding the place of history teaching in the universities. At Oxford and Cambridge, scholarship was downplayed. Professor

1628:, a twentieth century historian who focused much of her work on historical omissions involving women and their accomplishments, explained the negative impact that these omissions had on minority groups. 1066:

archaeology" is a specific branch of archeology which often contrasts its conclusions against those of contemporary textual sources. For example, Mark Leone, the excavator and interpreter of historical

18340: 9344: 1546:

at any given time – in other words, the relationships which people have with each other in order to fulfill basic needs such as feeding, clothing and housing themselves and their families. Overall,

2758:, textbooks published by the same company often differ in content from state to state. An example of content that is represented different in different regions of the country is the history of the 2166:. Topics range widely from political and cultural and artistic dimensions, to theology and liturgy. This subject studies religions from all regions and areas of the world where humans have lived. 17777: 17417: 8781: 8421: 809:, meaning "investigation, inquiry, research, account, description, written account of past events, writing of history, historical narrative, recorded knowledge of past events, story, narrative". 1513:

have argued for the significance of ideas in history. American historians, motivated by the civil rights era, focused on formerly overlooked ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groups. A genre of

16886: 7890: 2747:

has been removed from textbooks and the entire Second World War is given cursory treatment. Other countries have complained. Another example includes Turkey, where there is no mention of the

2636:

Since the 20th century, Western historians have disavowed the aspiration to provide the "judgement of history". The goals of historical judgements or interpretations are separate to those of

17817: 16004: 8821: 7008: 1036:. It can be seen as a bridge between those two broad areas, incorporating methodologies from both. Some historians strongly support one or the other classification. In the 20th century the 16993: 7997: 18835: 18210: 9839: 9214: 704:, was reputed to date from as early as 722 BCE, though only 2nd-century BCE texts have survived. The title "father of history" has also been attributed, in their respective societies, to 690:, is often considered the "father of history", as one of the first historians in the Western tradition, though he has been criticized as the "father of lies". Along with his contemporary 18222: 9226: 16202: 7206: 2148:

The history of religion has been a main theme for both secular and religious historians for centuries, and continues to be taught in seminaries and academe. Leading journals include

2037:

can be seen as the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions, East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East, linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian Steppe.

1188:, use of evidence, or method of presentation of other historians. Historians debate whether history can be taught as a single coherent narrative or a series of competing narratives. 18266: 9270: 17935: 16988: 16621: 16180: 8939: 7992: 7625: 7184: 16903: 7907: 18420: 18396: 18364: 18254: 9424: 9400: 9368: 9258: 18408: 18303: 9412: 9307: 17007: 16604: 8011: 7608: 18467: 15972: 9471: 6976: 2751:

in Turkish textbooks as a result of the denial of the genocide. Academic historians have often fought against the politicization of the textbooks, sometimes with success.

5334: 17736: 16313: 8740: 7317: 4484:

Diplomatic dropped from 5% to 3%, economic history from 7% to 5%, and cultural history grew from 14% to 16%. Based on full-time professors in U.S. history departments.

1986:

begins with the first emergence of modern human beings on the continent, continuing into its modern present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing states.

1917:. Understanding why historic events took place is important. To do this, historians often turn to the methods and theory from the discipline of geography. According to 18649: 16168: 9653: 7172: 1460:, to more objective and complex analyses of social and intellectual forces. A major trend of historical methodology in the 20th century was to treat history more as a 1595:

Today, most historians begin their research in the archives, on either a physical or digital platform. They often propose an argument and use research to support it.

18695: 18462: 17880: 15502: 11643: 9699: 9466: 8884: 6506: 2614:, historians can be grouped by order of the historical period in which they were writing, which is not necessarily the same as the period in which they specialized. 16628: 16518: 16226: 16018: 7632: 7522: 7230: 7022: 5357: 18677: 17400: 9681: 8404: 1184:

analysis of descriptions of the past, this third conception can relate to the first two in that the analysis usually focuses on the narratives, interpretations,

541: 18472: 16585: 16436: 16419: 9476: 7589: 7440: 7423: 3513:

Ritter, H. (1986). Dictionary of concepts in history. Reference sources for the social sciences and humanities, no. 3. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 416.

3425: 2083:

dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centered on kinship links and land.

901:

of the 1390s (VI.1383): "I finde in a bok compiled | To this matiere an old histoire, | The which comth nou to mi memoire". In Middle English, the meaning of

18969: 17535: 13515: 9973: 8539: 17762: 8766: 16680: 15893: 7684: 6897: 4918: 3524: 1440:

of science. The heart of science is searching out order and regularity in the data being examined and in formulating generalizations or laws about them."

18447: 17974: 17585: 17461: 15663: 9451: 8978: 8589: 8465: 6667: 2699:

younger tenure-track faculty. Furthermore, universities have increasingly relied on inexpensive part-time adjuncts to do most of the classroom teaching.

17026: 8030: 16971: 7975: 5118: 5092: 17043: 8047: 2116:

Political history covers the type of government, the branches of government, leaders, legislation, political activism, political parties, and voting.

18963: 17251: 17031: 9967: 8255: 8035: 18975: 18452: 18345: 18308: 18109: 16898: 9979: 9456: 9349: 9312: 9113: 7902: 3236:

Ioannis Ludouici Viuis Valentini, De disciplinis libri 20. in tres tomos distincti, quorum ordinem versa pagella iudicabit. Cum indice copiosissimo

18288: 18023: 15244: 9292: 9027: 6248: 4733:

Robert Whaples, "Is Economic History a Neglected Field of Study?", Historically Speaking (April 2010) v. 11#2 pp. 17–20, with responses pp. 20–27

18607: 9611: 18502: 18086: 17998: 16306: 9506: 9090: 9002: 7310: 1468:, which traditionally had been the case. Leading advocates of history as a social science were a diverse collection of scholars which included 3969: 2854: 2695:

was professionalizing the History undergraduate programme by introducing the study of original sources and requiring the writing of a thesis.

2055:

begins with the earliest civilizations in the region now known as the Middle East that were established around 3000 BC, in Mesopotamia (Iraq).

1942:

cited as a crucial influence on the course of history. Huntington and Semple further argued that climate has an impact on racial temperament.

1422:

In the West, historians developed modern methods of historiography in the 17th and 18th centuries, especially in France and Germany. In 1851,

1146:

in the past, and the oral records maintained and transmitted to succeeding generations, even before their contact with European civilization.

18825: 18597: 18457: 18244: 17741: 16496: 14618: 11508: 9829: 9601: 9461: 9248: 8745: 7500: 4486:

Haber, Stephen H.; Kennedy, David M.; Krasner, Stephen D. (1997). "Brothers under the Skin: Diplomatic History and International Relations".

4370: 4773: 4699: 2945: 1584:

have challenged the validity and need for the study of history on the basis all history is based on the personal interpretation of sources.

17662: 16267: 14314: 13990: 8666: 7271: 2914: 1963: 2466:, and the otherwise forgotten people. The authors are typically on the left and have a socialist model in mind, as in the approach of the 18584: 18190: 17859: 17561: 17012: 16486: 12388: 9588: 9194: 8863: 8565: 8016: 7490: 1171:

Historiography has a number of related meanings. Firstly, it can refer to how history has been produced: the story of the development of

5554: 4895: 3194: 18769: 18437: 18391: 18030: 17327: 16579: 16030: 9773: 9441: 9395: 9034: 8331: 7583: 7034: 467: 4529: 1572:'s theories by analyzing history from a Marxist perspective. In response to the Marxist interpretation of history, historians such as 1499:

introduced quantitative history, using raw data to track the lives of typical individuals, and were prominent in the establishment of

18386: 18381: 18076: 16746: 11693: 9390: 9385: 9080: 7750: 641:

comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events.

18278: 16009: 9282: 7013: 2336: 2016:

is the study of the past passed down from generation to generation on the continent in the Earth's Southern and Western Hemispheres.

1998:

is the study of the past passed down from generation to generation on the continent in the Earth's Northern and Western Hemispheres.

1456:

In the 20th century, academic historians focused less on epic nationalistic narratives, which often tended to glorify the nation or

1403:

to the study of history, and referred to it as his "new science". His method laid the groundwork for the observation of the role of

19099: 17686: 17385: 15888: 14758: 10103: 8690: 8389: 6892: 5762: 2640:, that need to be formulated quickly after the events and be final. A related issue to that of the judgement of history is that of 1480:

has begun to address ways of using computer technology, to pose new questions to historical data and generate digital scholarship.

17940: 8944: 3670: 2097:

emerges from early Western theories of a vast continent known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the far south of the globe.

1081:

resists this specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. History has often been studied with some practical or

18840: 18315: 17822: 17657: 17471: 17395: 16983: 16084: 10705: 10541: 9844: 9319: 8826: 8661: 8475: 8399: 7987: 7088: 1009: 17837: 16853: 8841: 7857: 2305:

of a group of people. How peoples constructed their memory of the past is a major topic. Cultural history includes the study of

18739: 18425: 18413: 18401: 18369: 18283: 18259: 18227: 18215: 17916: 17898: 17849: 17503: 16791: 16094: 15077: 13026: 9743: 9429: 9417: 9405: 9373: 9287: 9263: 9231: 9219: 8920: 8902: 8853: 8507: 7795: 7098: 6081: 5326: 2111: 1599:

proposed that history is an argument, which creates the possibility of creating change. Digital information companies, such as

1419:

in history, and so is sometimes considered to be the "father of historiography" or the "father of the philosophy of history".

1865:

The field of history generally leaves prehistory to archeologists, who have entirely different sets of tools and theories. In

805:

inscriptions (in a legal sense, either "judge" or "witness", or similar). The Greek word was borrowed into Classical Latin as

596: 18935: 18774: 18185: 17244: 16173: 11595: 11580: 10170: 9939: 9778: 9189: 8248: 7177: 5608: 4818: 5622: 3414: 3393: 18920: 18764: 18532: 18071: 18040: 17510: 17441: 17157: 17093: 17071: 16752: 15995: 15275: 13761: 11590: 11561: 11518: 11142: 9924: 9768: 9536: 9075: 9044: 8514: 8445: 8161: 8097: 8075: 7756: 6999: 6279: 5689: 5476: 5025: 2673:, particularly in the fields of national, political, military, and religious affairs, are often rejected as pseudohistory. 1764:: the collection and study of historical information by utilizing spoken interviews with people who have lived past events. 1562:

was once orthodoxy in the Soviet Union, but since the communism's collapse there, its influence has significantly reduced.

16023: 7027: 3613: 3334: 19160: 18050: 17828: 17706: 17696: 17486: 17332: 17167: 16369: 16099: 16049: 14791: 9054: 8832: 8710: 8700: 8490: 8336: 8171: 7373: 7103: 7053: 5795: 3466:

Trouillot, Michel-Rolph (1995). "The Three Faces of Sans Souci: The Glories and the Silences in the Haitian Revolution".

1839:

Historical study often focuses on events and developments that occur in particular blocks of time. Historians give these

677: 18376: 16609: 9380: 7613: 829:("history, narrative, story"), but this word fell out of use in the late Old English period. Meanwhile, as Latin became 18930: 18005: 17767: 17130: 16912: 16451: 14108: 12612: 9934: 9009: 8771: 8134: 7916: 7455: 5548: 4889: 4693: 4623: 4588: 4559: 4401: 4356: 4284: 4259: 4196: 3534: 3261: 3169: 3134: 3011: 2976: 2834: 1978:), and other dignitaries. At right, a winged figure, representing History, carving the "great event" on a stone tablet. 396: 17405: 8409: 2010:

is the study of the past passed down from generation to generation on the continent in the Earth's Western Hemisphere.

18612: 17515: 17481: 17466: 16461: 16301: 16296: 16284: 15747: 14611: 14309: 13905: 11533: 9616: 8519: 8485: 8470: 7465: 7305: 7300: 7288: 6751: 5648: 4645: 4311: 3864: 3780: 3755: 3727: 3444: 2712:

or requiring students to take courses in non-western cultures, to prepare students for life in a globalized economy.

17569: 16552: 8573: 7556: 1305:. Thucydides, unlike Herodotus, regarded history as the product of the choices and actions of humans, and looked at 969:, which are solidly synthetic and highly inflected, the same word is still used to mean both "history" and "story". 18512: 18138: 17854: 17530: 17493: 17366: 17237: 16067: 16062: 15721: 13945: 13585: 13505: 13485: 12330: 9516: 9142: 8858: 8534: 8497: 8370: 8241: 7071: 7066: 6725: 4750: 1452:

science. The traditional Historian is thus no scientist and history, as conventionally practiced, is not a science.

1301: 17691: 17637: 17498: 16057: 15898: 8695: 8641: 8502: 7061: 6902: 19132: 18554: 17597: 17579: 17412: 17103: 16072: 15925: 15455: 15073: 12381: 12266: 11638: 11486: 10655: 10310: 10136: 9558: 8601: 8583: 8416: 8107: 7076: 6929: 6459: 6077: 3989:, 1877). His ideas, he explains, are based on a concrete study of the actual conditions that pertained in Europe. 2876: 16414: 12354: 7418: 4951: 1134:

lessons of the past into the future. Records of the past begin to be kept for the benefit of future generations.

18734: 18726: 18689: 18671: 18492: 18325: 18180: 18035: 17983: 17956: 17718: 17315: 17113: 16924: 16779: 16491: 16446: 16431: 15955: 12223: 11877: 11718: 11513: 10534: 9738: 9730: 9693: 9675: 9496: 9329: 9184: 9039: 8987: 8960: 8722: 8319: 8117: 7928: 7783: 7495: 7450: 7435: 6959: 5592: 5503: 5443: 5000: 4171: 4070: 4042: 3839: 3805: 3647: 3571: 3498: 3099: 3046: 2221: 2162: 2156: 2086: 1330: 653:, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is incomplete and still has debatable mysteries. 460: 285: 15507: 6511: 3998:

Mikhail M. Krom, "From the Center to the Margin: the Fate of Marxism in Contemporary Russian Historiography",

1278:; and, together, external criticism. The sixth and final inquiry about a source is called internal criticism. 18830: 18798: 18721: 18527: 17554: 17446: 17320: 16441: 16364: 16318: 15013: 14355: 14103: 13475: 12986: 11830: 11686: 9834: 9802: 9725: 9531: 8558: 8450: 8324: 7445: 7368: 7322: 6017: 5203: 2077:

starts with the documentation of the Makassar trading with Indigenous Australians on Australia's north coast.

1384: 1363: 753: 656:

Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding

630: 508: 18234: 17890: 9238: 8894: 5391: 4856: 19326: 19021: 18883: 18700: 18330: 18298: 17787: 16939: 15999: 14830: 14751: 14604: 14098: 13545: 13414: 12171: 12081: 10617: 10025: 9887: 9704: 9334: 9302: 8791: 7943: 7003: 5834: 5755: 2763: 165: 17647: 16699: 8651: 7703: 981:

is still used to mean both "what happened with men" and "the scholarly study of the happened" or the word

891:, but seems to have become a common word in the late 14th century, with an early attestation appearing in 19092: 18925: 18791: 18683: 18661: 17864: 17832: 17782: 17590: 17540: 17431: 17172: 16934: 16810: 16804: 16785: 15990: 15819: 15702: 15249: 14288: 14158: 12847: 11723: 11544: 10908: 10096: 9929: 9795: 9687: 9665: 8868: 8836: 8786: 8594: 8544: 8435: 8176: 7938: 7814: 7808: 7789: 6994: 6823: 6706: 6253: 1971: 1388: 609: 'inquiry; knowledge acquired by investigation') is the systematic study and documentation of human 401: 391: 19178: 17308: 16961: 8312: 7965: 5417:

Annotated guide to 27,000 of the most important English language history books in all fields and topics.

4628:. (With 275 specialists from all continents, all specialities, all periods from prehistory to nowadays). 19012: 18889: 18866: 18751: 18654: 18592: 18564: 18200: 18013: 17746: 17520: 17177: 17108: 16763: 16633: 16562: 15707: 15541: 15531: 14498: 14478: 13728: 12374: 10260: 10240: 10016: 9893: 9870: 9755: 9658: 9596: 9568: 9204: 9017: 8750: 8524: 8181: 8112: 7767: 7637: 7566: 6711: 6545: 6535: 2256: 2052: 2007: 1726:: the study of ideas in the context of the cultures that produced them and their development over time. 1596: 270: 255: 17969: 16917: 16848: 16738: 12991: 8973: 7921: 7852: 7742: 4327:

Howard, Michael; Bond, Brian; Stagg, J. C. A.; Chandler, David; Best, Geoffrey; Terrine, John (1988).

1003: 19037: 18947: 18293: 16645: 16126: 15668: 15497: 15149: 14488: 14460: 14293: 14072: 13615: 13565: 12495: 11985: 11713: 11648: 11600: 10971: 10820: 10700: 10250: 10163: 10041: 9951: 9297: 7649: 7130: 6672: 6501: 6153: 5109:

Herder and the Holocaust: A Debate About Difference and Determinism in the Context of Comparative Law

5083:

Herder and the Holocaust: A Debate About Difference and Determinism in the Context of Comparative Law

3003: 2997: 2754:

It was standard policy in communist countries to present only a rigid Marxist historiography. In the

2406: 2058: 1931: 1794:: studies about the past that fall outside the domain of mainstream history (sometimes equivalent to 1554:

claimed to have identified five successive stages of the development of these material conditions in

515: 453: 300: 68: 17036: 8040: 3963: 1295:, from the 5th century BC, has been acclaimed as the "father of history". However, his contemporary 19032: 17812: 17792: 17349: 17283: 17118: 16693: 16163: 15950: 15907: 15698: 15395: 14555: 13754: 13605: 13555: 13364: 12654: 12318: 12166: 12156: 11953: 11679: 11633: 11282: 11135: 10670: 10036: 8816: 8796: 8353: 8287: 8122: 7697: 7167: 6954: 6911: 6702: 6399: 4770: 2850: 2661:

is a term applied to texts which purport to be historical in nature but which depart from standard

2467: 2150: 2013: 2001: 1995: 1992:

is the collective history of North and South America, including the Caribbean and Central America.

700: 305: 290: 280: 28: 17147: 8151: 1820:: the study of history from a global perspective, with special attention to non-Western societies. 1055:

Traditionally, historians have recorded events of the past, either in writing or by passing on an

19122: 19027: 18522: 17964: 17201: 17140: 17066: 16929: 16710: 16466: 16279: 16274: 16252: 16214: 16194: 15828: 15824: 15641: 15514: 15477: 15460: 15280: 14744: 14493: 14443: 14230: 14077: 13685: 12996: 12349: 12128: 12016: 11911: 10926: 10577: 10126: 10031: 9526: 8968: 8205: 8144: 8070: 7933: 7714: 7470: 7283: 7278: 7256: 7218: 7198: 6832: 6828: 6645: 6518: 6481: 6464: 6284: 5748: 5386:

Simone Lässig and Karl Heinrich Pohl, "History Textbooks and Historical Scholarship in Germany",

4665: 2937: 1989: 687: 406: 17339: 17303: 13349: 8343: 8307: 5185:

Jacqueline Swansinger, "Preparing Student Teachers for a World History Curriculum in New York",

4328: 3706:

Historiography in the twentieth century: From scientific objectivity to the postmodern challenge

2906: 2708:

common heritage with Europe. In the US after 1980, attention increasingly moved toward teaching

1527:

examined what everyday life was like for ordinary people in 20th-century Germany, especially in

1299:

is credited with having first approached history with a well-developed historical method in the

922:

was "the knowledge of objects determined by space and time", that sort of knowledge provided by

18856: 18808: 18803: 17772: 17726: 17575: 17081: 16535: 16508: 16478: 16342: 16289: 16106: 15982: 15877: 15717: 15712: 15570: 15536: 15524: 15519: 15482: 15432: 15290: 15270: 14956: 14901: 14675: 14393: 14194: 13940: 13839: 12971: 12883: 12238: 11958: 11786: 11421: 10280: 9860: 9812: 9807: 8776: 8730: 8579: 8085: 7539: 7512: 7482: 7346: 7293: 7110: 6986: 6881: 6721: 6716: 6574: 6540: 6528: 6523: 6486: 6436: 6294: 6274: 5960: 5905: 5695: 2759: 2666: 2276: 2080: 2049:

is the study of the past passed down from generation to generation in the sub-Himalayan region.

2031:

describes the passage of time from humans inhabiting the European continent to the present day.

1959: 1939: 1702:: the study of historical events as they might have happened in different causal circumstances. 1699: 1658: 1621: 1565: 1559: 1539: 1505: 1339: 1160: 1139: 744: 589: 386: 275: 191: 18335: 16590: 11659: 9339: 7594: 5115: 5089: 4445:

Gajano, Sofia Boesch; Caliò, Tommaso (1998). "Italian Religious Historiography in the 1990s".

3038: 3032: 2573:, parks, battlefields, archives, film and television companies, and all levels of government. 2412:

to the world as globalization proceeds. It has led to highly controversial interpretations by

1690:: the historical analysis of social and cultural entities not confined to national boundaries. 1138:

This definition includes within the scope of history the strong interests of peoples, such as

953:

dichotomy, English like Chinese (史 vs. 诌) now designates separate words for human history and

626:

as an end in itself, and its usefulness in giving perspective on the problems of the present.

19195: 18980: 18871: 18851: 18716: 18666: 18559: 18549: 18239: 18205: 18114: 17125: 16863: 16758: 16685: 16557: 15960: 15677: 15631: 15626: 15575: 15239: 15220: 15036: 14931: 14658: 14627: 13995: 13690: 13680: 13575: 13101: 13056: 12559: 12161: 12151: 12113: 12086: 12048: 12021: 11931: 11840: 11759: 11749: 11497: 11109: 10741: 10686: 10640: 10625: 10270: 9984: 9875: 9855: 9720: 9670: 9563: 9553: 9243: 9209: 9118: 8129: 7867: 7762: 7689: 7561: 6964: 6681: 6635: 6630: 6579: 6243: 6224: 6040: 5935: 5537:"The Institutionalization and Professionalization of History in Europe and the United States" 5536: 4879: 4580: 3186: 3161: 3155: 3126: 3120: 2771: 2709: 2692: 2688: 2396: 2377: 2251: 2094: 1817: 1662: 1211: 1177: 834: 496: 379: 245: 18784: 18195: 17731: 9788: 9199: 8735: 19067: 18544: 17885: 17602: 16957: 16797: 16530: 16406: 16377: 16148: 15810: 15784: 15731: 15565: 15492: 15337: 15302: 15256: 15224: 15102: 14816: 14428: 14369: 14345: 14340: 13695: 13495: 12956: 12108: 11948: 11921: 11916: 11813: 11653: 11628: 11585: 10992: 10961: 10410: 10305: 10156: 10071: 9548: 8889: 8606: 7961: 7801: 7534: 7410: 7381: 7152: 6814: 6788: 6735: 6569: 6496: 6341: 6306: 6260: 6228: 6106: 5820: 5709: 4533: 3595: 3219:

Vives, on education : a translation of the De tradendis disciplinis of Juan Luis Vives

2479: 2246: 2241: 2197: 2074: 2040: 1975: 1935: 1723: 1693: 1347: 1271: 1108: 260: 250: 221: 213: 16838: 13294: 13081: 13016: 7842: 5227:

Claudia Schneider, "The Japanese History Textbook Controversy in East Asian Perspective",

5198:

Abby Waldman, " The Politics of History Teaching in England and France during the 1980s",

1073:

There are varieties of ways in which history can be organized, including chronologically,

19:

This article is about the academic discipline. For a general history of human beings, see

8: 19321: 18861: 17607: 17021: 16728: 16424: 15636: 15548: 15307: 14941: 14906: 14809: 14455: 14350: 14268: 14258: 14033: 13950: 13930: 13920: 13747: 13535: 13096: 13041: 12961: 12903: 12786: 12681: 12411: 12288: 12282: 12208: 12123: 12068: 11943: 11808: 11754: 11572: 11538: 11503: 11317: 11128: 10866: 10325: 10285: 9865: 8611: 8025: 7732: 7428: 6640: 6552: 6311: 5945: 5910: 5813: 3313: 2800: 2670: 2631: 2443: 2437: 2226: 2143: 1773: 1687: 1510: 1431: 1310: 1067: 974: 765: 614: 217: 185: 78: 19263: 18359: 17929: 17344: 17048: 15656: 9363: 8933: 8348: 8052: 6660: 4252:

The Relations of History and Geography: Studies in England, France and the United States

4189:

A Living Landscape: Bronze Age Settlement Sites in the Dutch River Area (c. 2000–800 BC)

3217: 1950: 19212: 19087: 19082: 19017: 18900: 18813: 18644: 18320: 17652: 17436: 16501: 16456: 15815: 15771: 15726: 15349: 15295: 15216: 14787: 14717: 14643: 14580: 14560: 14438: 14423: 14408: 14330: 14129: 14093: 13895: 13655: 13314: 13279: 13189: 12716: 12549: 12500: 12233: 11798: 11523: 11491: 11292: 11277: 10815: 10793: 10660: 10484: 10455: 10390: 10383: 10091: 10086: 10021: 9904: 9817: 9648: 9324: 8656: 8440: 7505: 7460: 6819: 6775: 6730: 6353: 6299: 6220: 5791: 5435: 5064: 4941: 4511: 4503: 4426: 4362: 4229: 4114: 3666: 2805: 2767: 2611: 2582: 2515: 2340: 2327: 2322: 2283: 2068: 2021: 1926: 1889: 1807: 1672:: the study of history from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages. 1654: 1603:, have sparked controversy over the role of internet censorship in information access. 1585: 1535: 1343: 1114: 946: 776: 503: 319: 113: 73: 19280: 16357: 13264: 7361: 5692:(Collections of public domain and copy-permitted historical texts for educational use) 4530:"Teachers of History in the Universities of the UK 2007 – listed by research interest" 3290: 2999:

Knowing, teaching, and learning history : national and international perspectives

2446:

is a type of historical work which attempts to account for historical events from the

19246: 18905: 18759: 18507: 17804: 16815: 16654: 16079: 15838: 15777: 15736: 15553: 15438: 15374: 15285: 15262: 15206: 15114: 14847: 14695: 14388: 14184: 14179: 14023: 13859: 13444: 13344: 13309: 13134: 13111: 13106: 12981: 12597: 12587: 12436: 12421: 12397: 12203: 12198: 12186: 12181: 12053: 12043: 11963: 11906: 11850: 11388: 11371: 11297: 11287: 11239: 10896: 10775: 10675: 10528: 10431: 10335: 9909: 9763: 9511: 8808: 7819: 7658: 7083: 6842: 6781: 6740: 6557: 6442: 6378: 6289: 6266: 6210: 6118: 5851: 5644: 5588: 5544: 5499: 5439: 5311: 4996: 4946: 4885: 4689: 4641: 4633: 4619: 4607: 4584: 4555: 4397: 4366: 4352: 4307: 4280: 4255: 4192: 4167: 4106: 4066: 4038: 3860: 3835: 3801: 3776: 3751: 3723: 3643: 3567: 3530: 3494: 3471: 3257: 3165: 3151: 3130: 3116: 3095: 3042: 3028: 3007: 2972: 2830: 2748: 2717: 2662: 2641: 2417: 2193: 2188: 2107: 2028: 1983: 1967: 1779: 1616: 1519: 1492: 1484: 1436: 1400: 1275: 1197: 1172: 1121:. Historians in the West have been criticized for focusing disproportionately on the 1118: 966: 950: 897: 728: 661: 646: 265: 240: 195: 139: 119: 13214: 12908: 4515: 1573: 19316: 19072: 18779: 18602: 18578: 18539: 18119: 17276: 16666: 16525: 16513: 15805: 15765: 15760: 15585: 15472: 15407: 15234: 15229: 15211: 15069: 14870: 14823: 14653: 14648: 14585: 14534: 14450: 14398: 14174: 14152: 14018: 13915: 13700: 13374: 13334: 13324: 13274: 13259: 13249: 13209: 13169: 13159: 13036: 13006: 12966: 12852: 12688: 12666: 12456: 12446: 12218: 12063: 12038: 11845: 11835: 11825: 11455: 11014: 11002: 10830: 10798: 10630: 10499: 10415: 10405: 10320: 10076: 9783: 9606: 9582: 9543: 9123: 8280: 7670: 7529: 7517: 6809: 6769: 6764: 6589: 6476: 6411: 6238: 6233: 6215: 6073: 5874: 5827: 5466: 5408: 5307: 5056: 4933: 4681: 4495: 4454: 4344: 4221: 4098: 4012: 3820:

H. Mowlana (2001). "Information in the Arab World", Cooperation South Journal, vol1

3379:

Cf. "history, n." OED Online. Oxford University Press, December 2014. 9 March 2015.

2744: 2451: 2364: 2357: 2353: 2295: 2201: 2130: 2125: 2046: 1955: 1751: 1735: 1729: 1717: 1705: 1675: 1653:

These are approaches to history; not listed are histories of other fields, such as

1615:

because events and known facts in history can be interpreted in a variety of ways.

1551: 1500: 1457: 440: 295: 203: 199: 147: 134: 24: 16394: 13369: 7398: 4826: 2622:, though they are not historians in the true sense, are also frequently included. 2061:

has been characterized as interaction between regional players and foreign powers.

18497: 18104: 17678: 17354: 16718: 16540: 16325: 16089: 15915: 15560: 14875: 14690: 14518: 14483: 14470: 14433: 14380: 14238: 14133: 14067: 14028: 13865: 13650: 13645: 13409: 13354: 13339: 13319: 13299: 13254: 13229: 13139: 13091: 13076: 12976: 12936: 12827: 12822: 12649: 12537: 12451: 12426: 12228: 11995: 11990: 11803: 11460: 11450: 11409: 11361: 11212: 11185: 11076: 10941: 10918: 10886: 10838: 10825: 10788: 10770: 10400: 10395: 9501: 9108: 8682: 8358: 7722: 7544: 7329: 7093: 6919: 6564: 5879: 5616: 5145: 5122: 5096: 4777: 4754: 4685: 3973: 3896: 3620: 3448: 3429: 3422: 3418: 3411: 3397: 3390: 3234: 2592: 2528: 2413: 2205: 2034: 1711: 1669: 1477: 1469: 1423: 1351: 1033: 1018: 962: 958: 915: 366: 177: 151: 16598: 7602: 5699: 5454: 5216:

School History Textbooks across Cultures: International Debates and Perspectives

5017: 4552:

English Social History: A Survey of Six Centuries from Chaucer to Queen Victoria

4348: 2669:. Works which draw controversial conclusions from new, speculative, or disputed 2665:

in a way which undermines their conclusions. It is closely related to deceptive

2043:

is the study of the past passed down from generation to generation in East Asia.

1714:: the use of computing technologies to do massive searches in published sources. 1143: 770:'inquiry, knowledge from inquiry, or judge'). It was in that sense that 18878: 18569: 17988: 17616: 17612: 17263: 16881: 16820: 16660: 16131: 15965: 15753: 15741: 15427: 15312: 14988: 14973: 14963: 14865: 14767: 14710: 14663: 14638: 14418: 14216: 14204: 14148: 14143: 14137: 14062: 13985: 13910: 13705: 13595: 13525: 13424: 13399: 13269: 13239: 13199: 13164: 13021: 12946: 12931: 12926: 12817: 12807: 12517: 12468: 12343: 12191: 12103: 12098: 11855: 11776: 11771: 11702: 11343: 11327: 11019: 11009: 10808: 10680: 10650: 10635: 10420: 10378: 10373: 10245: 9882: 9573: 8992: 8620: 8616: 8267: 7885: 7824: 7664: 7135: 6969: 6757: 6745: 6431: 6316: 5992: 5977: 5967: 5869: 5771: 5721: 5271:

Tatyana Volodina, "Teaching History in Russia After the Collapse of the USSR",

5138: 4788: 4664:

Watt, D. C.; Adams, Simon; Bullen, Roger; Brauer, Kinley; Iriye, Akira (1988).

4547: 4247: 4089:

Cronon, William (1992). "A Place for Stories: Nature, History, and Narrative".

3370:"history, n". OED Online. Oxford University Press, December 2014. 9 March 2015. 3062: 2792: 2637: 2565: 2560: 2507: 2503: 2494: 2463: 2306: 2301: 2236: 2231: 2175: 1918: 1811: 1801: 1741: 1632: 1555: 1514: 1496: 1483:

In opposition to the claims of history as a social science, historians such as

1461: 1404: 1359: 1155: 1056: 1037: 983: 882: 650: 623: 427: 209: 143: 124: 18818: 9822: 4458: 3157:

Knowing Teaching and Learning History, National and International Perspectives

3122:

Knowing Teaching and Learning History, National and International Perspectives

3034:

Knowing Teaching and Learning History, National and International Perspectives

2071:

is the collective history of Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands.

1256: 19310: 18958: 18910: 18352: 17978: 16141: 15465: 15446: 15390: 15344: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15176: 15171: 15048: 15041: 14705: 14700: 14335: 14253: 14248: 14199: 14189: 13829: 13710: 13419: 13404: 13394: 13379: 13329: 13284: 13244: 13179: 13174: 13144: 13011: 12951: 12893: 12617: 12431: 12294: 12250: 12213: 12143: 12118: 12028: 11926: 11872: 11867: 11566: 11099: 11049: 10997: 10931: 10903: 10891: 10881: 10871: 10753: 10597: 10523: 10472: 10425: 10340: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10223: 9962: 9914: 9356: 8982: 7145: 6469: 6450: 6394: 6348: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6180: 6175: 6052: 6045: 5241: 4804:

Shigeru Akita, "World History and the Emergence of Global History in Japan",

4110: 2755: 2658: 2653: 2570: 2402: 2271: 2266: 2004:

begins with the oldest evidence where 7,000-year-old remains have been found.

1840: 1834: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1755: 1581: 1416: 1408: 1228: 1181: 1122: 1099: 911: 887: 787: 720: 638: 537: 531: 521: 361: 129: 20: 5727: 5572:

The Information-Literate Historian: A Guide to Research for History Students

5174:

The Last Professors: The Corporate University and the Fate of the Humanities

1249: 1235: 910:, older senses of the word were revived, and it was in the Greek sense that 17076: 16723: 16545: 16388: 16244: 15693: 15651: 15580: 15317: 15202: 15156: 15144: 15087: 15053: 14685: 14680: 14413: 14211: 13925: 13900: 13885: 13851: 13811: 13389: 13384: 13359: 13289: 13224: 13184: 13154: 13149: 13061: 13051: 12941: 12676: 12671: 12659: 12580: 12566: 12490: 12093: 12033: 11781: 11739: 11621: 11616: 11528: 11393: 11381: 11165: 11071: 11065: 10731: 10665: 10587: 10518: 10467: 10368: 10315: 10255: 8080: 7727: 7549: 7392: 7248: 6697: 6655: 6584: 6321: 6206: 6160: 6148: 6091: 6057: 3625: 3366: 3364: 3362: 2993: 2524: 2498: 2261: 1873:

past is to rely on changes in material culture and technology, such as the

1853: 1767: 1761: 1625: 1528: 1396: 1094: 954: 571: 559: 5471: 5159:, "Nation, duty, character and confidence: history at Oxford, 1850–1914." 4937: 3441: 3029:"The "Convergence" Paradigm in Studying Early American History in Schools" 2527:

deals with the first recorded instances of same-sex love and sexuality of

1678:: the study of the history of people living on or near the Atlantic Ocean. 1580:

historians argued for the importance of studying the experience of women.

1176:

during the 1960s"). Thirdly, it may refer to why history is produced: the

1040:

revolutionized the study of history, by using such outside disciplines as

19077: 17359: 17001: 16977: 16347: 16335: 16257: 15833: 15646: 15450: 15186: 15134: 15109: 15092: 15031: 14727: 14668: 14113: 14010: 13972: 13955: 13890: 13871: 13804: 13784: 13670: 13465: 13439: 13434: 13234: 13219: 13086: 13066: 13046: 12898: 12873: 12832: 12693: 12602: 12592: 12554: 12512: 12475: 12441: 12245: 12133: 12058: 11975: 11894: 11887: 11744: 11470: 11438: 11399: 11244: 11170: 11081: 11059: 10966: 10951: 10746: 10726: 10716: 10645: 10602: 10582: 10511: 10330: 10232: 10081: 8363: 8005: 7981: 7351: 7339: 7261: 6837: 6650: 6454: 6190: 6138: 6113: 6096: 6035: 5156: 4747: 4499: 3222:. Robarts – University of Toronto. Cambridge : The University Press. 2544: 2540: 2310: 1745: 1681: 1524: 1488: 1430:

By the "rich ore" Spencer meant scientific theory of history. Meanwhile,

1392: 1355: 1316:

There was sophisticated use of historical method in ancient and medieval

1263: 1078: 1062: 907: 822: 709: 657: 564: 547: 356: 109: 95: 18249: 9253: 5576: 5528: 4430: 3770: 3745: 3359: 3314:"The History of Others: Foreign Peoples in Early Chinese Historiography" 1611:

Many historians believe that the production of history is embedded with

1362:

or religious perspective. Around 1800, German philosopher and historian

973:

in the sense of a "researcher of history" is attested from 1531. In all

52: 18915: 17922: 17565: 17135: 15797: 15385: 15139: 15097: 15083: 14951: 14936: 13880: 13875: 13770: 13675: 13635: 13204: 13194: 13071: 13001: 12888: 12857: 12837: 12781: 12776: 12731: 12626: 12299: 12138: 11980: 11938: 11882: 11431: 11356: 11322: 11249: 11234: 11222: 11190: 11151: 10976: 10876: 10783: 10758: 10561: 10345: 9919: 8926: 8569: 8139: 6801: 6389: 6143: 6101: 6087: 5955: 5940: 5068: 4507: 4233: 4118: 3608: 3475: 3412:

The Century dictionary; an encyclopedic lexicon of the English language

3391:

The Century dictionary; an encyclopedic lexicon of the English language

2455: 1878: 1870: 1866: 1758:, which is sometimes considered to be a sub-branch of military history. 1473: 1412: 1379: 1371: 1367: 1296: 1185: 1126: 1103: 1029: 892: 830: 791: 691: 634: 552: 331: 181: 172: 105: 100: 19229: 14596: 3239:(in Latin). National Central Library of Rome. apud Ioannem Frellonium. 2880: 1606: 17842: 16966: 16843: 16673: 16156: 15487: 15166: 15161: 15124: 15119: 14983: 14926: 14911: 14780: 14570: 14550: 14283: 14243: 13980: 13789: 13715: 13665: 13429: 13304: 13031: 12802: 12726: 12633: 12607: 12527: 12073: 11970: 11899: 11793: 11766: 11415: 11404: 11366: 11259: 11039: 10956: 10592: 10504: 10479: 10460: 10350: 8846: 7970: 7847: 7677: 7160: 6491: 6170: 6165: 6128: 6123: 5987: 5930: 5915: 5784: 4991:

Wallach Scott, Joan (1988). "Gender: A Useful Category of Analysis".

2615: 2605:, courtesy name Huiban, was the first known female Chinese historian. 1906: 1902: 1874: 1852:

are commonly used periods and the time they represent depends on the

1569: 1547: 1325: 1321: 1306: 1292: 1206: 1049: 1045: 1041: 818: 814: 771: 705: 695: 683: 642: 618: 602: 492: 326: 12366: 5715: 5413:

The American Historical Association's Guide to Historical Literature

5060: 5018:"History of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Social Movements" 4225: 4102: 1444:

As Historians like Ranke and many who followed him have pursued it,

18517: 17260: 15181: 15129: 14565: 14403: 14047: 13960: 13640: 13116: 12842: 12812: 12771: 12766: 12532: 12507: 11443: 11332: 11254: 11200: 11175: 10607: 10450: 10360: 10218: 10208: 9521: 8264: 6185: 6133: 5667: 5258:"Teaching History in Schools: the Politics of Textbooks in India", 5047:

Glassberg, David (1996). "Public History and the Study of Memory".

4303:

As barbas do imperador : D. Pedro II, um monarca nos trópicos

3291:"Ibn Khaldun: One of the Founding Fathers of Modern Historiography" 2602: 2519: 2447: 1888:

Despite the development over recent decades of the ability through

1882: 1788:: the study of the psychological motivations for historical events. 1577: 1465: 795: 673: 575: 336: 12338: 11671: 5685: 4919:"The History of Ideas: Precept and Practice, 1950–2000 and beyond" 1354:

at the beginning of the medieval period. Through the Medieval and

1028:

The study of history has sometimes been classified as part of the

484:

A collage of various records of history (clockwise from top-left):

480: 14968: 14946: 14896: 14575: 13794: 12878: 12741: 12522: 12463: 11426: 11376: 11350: 11227: 10946: 10936: 10858: 10849: 10834: 10721: 10489: 10198: 5972: 5950: 5900: 5740: 5543:. Vol. 4: 1800–1945. Oxford University Press. pp. 78–. 4212:

Bryce, James (1902). "The Importance of Geography in Education".

2532: 2459: 1910: 1845: 1074: 939: 927: 802: 798: 527: 488: 351: 341: 19297: 10736: 5677: 2715:

The teaching of history in French schools was influenced by the

1930:

that helped develop the civilization. There is also the case of

1491:, and hence contended that history should be understood as art. 15401: 14978: 14891: 13660: 12751: 12721: 12573: 12485: 12416: 11465: 11337: 11195: 11044: 10203: 6405: 5982: 5895: 5113:

Holocaust's Ghost: Writings on Art, Politics, Law and Education

5087:

Holocaust's Ghost: Writings on Art, Politics, Law and Education

4848: 4577:

The People's State: East German Society from Hitler to Honecker

3881:

Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought & Culture

2734: 2619: 2511: 2339:

between states or across state boundaries over time. Historian

1905:

locations can form the basis of historical study, for example,

1849: 1804:: the study of the process of social change throughout history. 1600: 1399:

and uncritical acceptance of historical data". He introduced a

1285: 1242: 1220:

The following questions are used by historians in modern work.

1082: 935: 931: 923: 665: 5229:

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

3526:

Sociological Theory in the Contemporary Era: Text and Readings

1085:

aim, but may be studied out of simple intellectual curiosity.

19154: 16036: 15933: 15794: 14916: 14000: 13739: 12761: 12756: 12736: 12544: 11217: 11120: 11054: 10803: 10494: 10442: 7040: 6937: 6798: 5920: 3335: 3037:. New York & London: New York University Press. pp. 1732:: the study of maritime transport and all connected subjects. 1317: 781: 5641:

As barbas do imperador: D. Pedro II, um monarca nos trópicos

5434:. With a new introduction by Richard J. Evans. Basingstoke: 5358:"Texas Mother Teaches Textbook Company a Lesson on Accuracy" 4881:

The New Left, National Identity, and the Break-up of Britain

4575:

Mary Fulbrook (2005). "Introduction: The people's paradox".

3160:. New York & London: New York University Press. p. 3125:. New York & London: New York University Press. p. 2309:

as well is the study of images and human visual production (

914:

used the term in the late 16th century, when he wrote about

14921: 13934: 13816: 12746: 10193: 10179: 5925: 5606:. Vol. 2. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities; 4417:

Cochrane, Eric (1975). "What Is Catholic Historiography?".

4037:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. xiii–xxi. 3154:. In Peter N. Stearns; Peters Seixas; Sam Wineburg (eds.). 3119:. In Peter N. Stearns; Peters Seixas; Sam Wineburg (eds.). 3031:. In Peter N. Stearns; Peters Seixas; Sam Wineburg (eds.). 2598: 2548: 1914: 1612: 860:), body of knowledge relative to human evolution, science ( 758: 669: 610: 346: 3795: 2904: 2588: 1542:

theorises that society is fundamentally determined by the

13834: 11862: 11644:

List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field

11207: 3717: 2536: 536:

Map of Europe in the 8th century from an 1854 edition of

17384: 8388: 3879:

S.W. Akhtar (1997). "The Islamic Concept of Knowledge",

3187:"Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Herodotus" 1776:: historical work from the perspective of common people. 1684:: the study of changes in and the social context of art. 1487:

argued the key to historians' work was the power of the

18678:

Professionalization and institutionalization of history

11270: 10148: 9682:

Professionalization and institutionalization of history

4995:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 28–50. 4793:

Asia in Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching

4326: 4065:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 199–211. 3741: 3739: 3661: 3659: 3468:

Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History

2971:(4th ed.). Pearson Education Limited. p. 52. 2089:

covers the history of the islands in the Pacific Ocean.

885:, and it has persisted. It appears in the 13th-century 5356:

Fernandez, Manny; Hauser, Christine (5 October 2015).

5298:

Wedgwood Benn, David (2008). "Blackwell-Synergy.com".

5133:

Ivan Roots, "Firth, Sir Charles Harding (1857–1936)",

4279:. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 5. 4019:(2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 2935: 1576:

have offered anti-Marxist interpretations of history.

18970:

Heroic theory of invention and scientific development

13516:

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

9974:

Heroic theory of invention and scientific development

5284:"Problems of Teaching Contemporary Russian History", 4663: 2991: 1738:: the study of objects and the stories they can tell. 17818:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

8822:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

5515:

The Methods and Skills of History: A Practical Guide

3796:

Ibn Khaldun; Rosenthal, Franz; Dawood, N.J. (1967).

3773:

Ancient Civilizations: The Near East and Mesoamerica

3764: 3748:

Ancient Civilizations: The Near East and Mesoamerica

3736: 3656: 3564:

The Discipline of History and the History of Thought

2782: 1869:, the usual method for periodization of the distant 1320:. The groundwork for professional historiography in 14315:

Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)

5327:"Two States. Eight Textbooks. Two American Stories" 4485: 3771:Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C.; Jeremy A. Sabloff (1979). 3746:Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C.; Jeremy A. Sabloff (1979). 1607:

Potential shortcomings in the production of history

17778:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 17636: 15418: 8782:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 8640: 6422: 5643:(in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. 4254:. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. p. 14. 2510:, which looks at the past from the perspective of 18436: 9440: 4722:Pax Britannica'? British Foreign Policy 1789–1914 1248:From what pre-existing material was it produced ( 867:), narrative of real or imaginary events, story ( 19308: 4306:. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. p. 181. 3667:"What is Historiography? – Culturahistorica.org" 3348: 3346: 1814:is related and covers the perspective of gender. 1720:: the use of economic models fitted to the past. 19002: 15245:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 10006: 6249:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 5718:- a comprehensive timeline of historical events 5512: 5355: 4391: 4131: 3523:Appelrouth, Scott; Edles, Laura Desfor (2010). 3522: 3232: 2217:The chief subfields of social history include: 1744:: the study of modern times, the era after the 5101: 5075: 4546: 4151:. Pearson Education Limited. pp. 168–169. 3901:The Muse of History and the Science of Culture 3589: 1974:, their daughter Maria da Glória (later Queen 1262:What is the evidential value of its contents ( 18826:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church 18696:Western European colonialism and colonization 17245: 14752: 14612: 13755: 12382: 11687: 11509:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 11136: 10164: 9830:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church 9700:Western European colonialism and colonization 8249: 5756: 5732: 5712:- a visual overview of many history timelines 5513:Furay, Conal; Salevouris, Michael J. (2010). 5407: 5297: 5275:, February 2005, Vol. 38 Issue 2, pp. 179–188 5246:The Common Core and the Evasion of Curriculum 4990: 4877: 4574: 4140: 3693:Historiography: Ancient, medieval, and modern 3585: 3583: 3343: 2825:Joseph, Brian; Janda, Richard, eds. (2008) . 2743:light. For example, in Japan, mention of the 1966:presenting his letter of credence to Emperor 1754:: the study of warfare, historical wars, and 1523:(History of Everyday Life). Scholars such as 1358:periods, history was often studied through a 461: 17156: 12624: 12578: 12564: 8160: 4680:. Macmillan Education UK. pp. 131–142. 4392:Pavkovic, Michael; Morillo, Stephen (2006). 4125: 3491:The History and Philosophy of Social Science 3489:Gordon, Scott; Irving, James Gordon (1991). 3488: 2423:The World History Association publishes the 1860: 1227:the source, written or unwritten, produced ( 649:such as written documents, oral accounts or 17259: 8263: 5604:A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing 5248:(vol 130 ed.). PMLA. pp. 666–672. 4444: 4186: 3903:, New York: Kluwer Publishers, 2000, p 160. 3775:. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing. p. 6. 3750:. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing. p. 5. 3722:. Columbia University Press. pp. 5–6. 3215: 3152:"Dilemmas and Delights of Learning History" 2942:History in Focus, Issue 2: What is History? 2911:History in Focus, Issue 2: What is History? 2824: 17252: 17238: 14759: 14745: 14619: 14605: 13762: 13748: 12389: 12375: 11694: 11680: 11143: 11129: 10171: 10157: 8256: 8242: 5763: 5749: 5534: 4146: 3798:The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History 3580: 2818: 2729: 2681: 1338:) and posthumously known as the Father of 468: 454: 51: 17881:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 8885:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5470: 5324: 5288:, Winter 2004, Vol. 43 Issue 3, pp. 61–62 5111:in F.C. DeCoste, Bernard Schwartz (eds.) 5085:in F.C. DeCoste, Bernard Schwartz (eds.) 5046: 4945: 4808:, Spring 2010, Vol. 43 Issue 3, pp. 84–96 4742:Franco Amatori, and Geoffrey Jones, eds. 4632: 4606: 4343:. Macmillan Education UK. pp. 4–17. 4277:World history from early times to AD 2000 3953:, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006. 3800:. Princeton University Press. p. x. 3465: 3288: 3216:Vives, Juan Luis; Watson, Foster (1913). 3149: 2551:) peoples and cultures around the world. 1896: 19100:Historical geographic information system 15866: 14310:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) 10104:Historical geographic information system 6870: 5638: 5614: 5569: 5541:The Oxford History of Historical Writing 5521: 5420: 5240: 4975: 4416: 4385: 4299: 4191:. Leiden: Sidestone Press. p. 468. 4015:(2016). "Working With/In the Archives". 3470:. Boston: Beacon Press. pp. 31–69. 2900: 2898: 2733: 2597: 2587: 1962:. The painting depicts British diplomat 1949: 1696:: the study of recent historical events. 1205: 1159: 1002: 719: 479: 14626: 5135:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4916: 4136:. The Macmillan Press LTD. p. 169. 3814: 3435: 3382: 3249: 3178: 2992:Stearns, Peter N.; Seixas, Peter Carr; 2514:. The outgrowth of gender history from 2209:"history with the people put back in". 1255:In what original form was it produced ( 19309: 18740:English historical school of economics 16792:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 14846: 9744:English historical school of economics 7796:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 5850: 5625:from the original on 15 September 2015 5557:from the original on 15 September 2015 5452: 4978:New Dictionary of the History of Ideas 4976:Horowitz, Maryanne Cline, ed. (2004). 4898:from the original on 28 September 2020 4640:(in French). Paris: Nouveau monde éd. 4396:. Oxford: Polity Press. pp. 3–4. 4205: 4088: 4060: 4032: 3873: 3311: 3114: 3089: 3026: 2827:The Handbook of Historical Linguistics 2112:Political history in the United States 1810:: the history of female human beings. 813:was borrowed from Latin (possibly via 672:in that it is supported by verifiable 23:. For a general history of Earth, see 19056: 19001: 18936:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 18775:Historical reliability of the Gospels 18633: 18160: 17233: 17222: 15865: 15608: 15372: 15011: 14845: 14740: 14600: 13743: 12396: 12370: 11675: 11596:National Endowment for the Humanities 11581:Humanities, arts, and social sciences 11124: 10152: 10060: 10005: 9940:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 9779:Historical reliability of the Gospels 9637: 9164: 8237: 8226: 6869: 6612: 6376: 6015: 5849: 5744: 5731: 5601: 5524:Writing History: A Guide for Students 5493: 4246: 4211: 4161: 4084: 4082: 4063:Why History Matters: Life and Thought 4056: 4054: 4028: 4026: 3829: 3561: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3197:from the original on 27 November 2020 3094:. New York: Oxford University Press. 3085: 3083: 3063:"Prehistory Definition & Meaning" 2895: 2877:"What is History & Why Study It?" 2829:. Blackwell Publishing. p. 163. 2770:are treated as controversial topics. 2723:Cahiers pédagogiques and Enseignement 19161: 19128: 17223: 16753:More Irish than the Irish themselves 12325: 11591:Moscow University for the Humanities 11562:Arts and Humanities Research Council 11519:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 11105: 10132: 8227: 7757:More Irish than the Irish themselves 5724:- an interactive world history atlas 5690:Internet History Sourcebooks Project 5686:Internet History Sourcebooks Project 5618:The Historians' History of the World 5582: 5429: 5028:from the original on 11 January 2021 4702:from the original on 28 January 2021 4011: 3854: 3848: 3718:Samuel Moyn; Andrew Sartori (2013). 3695:(University of Chicago Press, 2007). 3673:from the original on 27 January 2021 3637: 3590:Graham, Gordon (1997). "Chapter 1". 3191:Internet History Sourcebooks Project 3143: 2966: 2960: 2857:from the original on 2 February 2014 1782:: the study of politics in the past. 1010:The Historians' History of the World 542:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 17823:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 15012: 11701: 8827:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 6016: 5325:Goldstein, Dana (12 January 2020). 5202:Issue 68, Autumn 2009 pp. 199–221 4554:. Book Club Associates. p. i. 4274: 3356:. Barcelona: Editorial Ariel, 1994. 2905:Professor Richard J. Evans (2001). 2721:as disseminated after the 1960s by 2581:For a more comprehensive list, see 1954:Allegory of the recognition of the 1708:: the study of culture in the past. 1509:). Intellectual historians such as 1324:was established by court historian 1313:, with events regularly recurring. 945:In an expression of the linguistic 13: 18836:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 16780:Fourth Italian War of Independence 14766: 14109:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar 9840:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 7784:Fourth Italian War of Independence 5770: 5400: 5390:Issue 67, Spring 2009 pp. 128–129 5262:, April 2009, Issue 67, pp. 99–110 5022:American Psychological Association 5015: 4993:Gender and the Politics of History 4859:from the original on 10 March 2011 4079: 4051: 4023: 3454: 3092:History: A Very Short Introduction 3080: 2948:from the original on 9 August 2011 2917:from the original on 9 August 2011 2470:movement in Britain in the 1960s. 14: 19338: 5659: 5479:from the original on 23 July 2016 5368:from the original on 15 July 2018 5231:, May 2008, Vol. 617, pp. 107–122 5189:, (November 2009), 43#1 pp. 87–96 4744:Business History Around the World 4447:Journal of Modern Italian Studies 3834:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 3543:from the original on 30 July 2022 3401:. New York: The Century Co, 1889. 3270:from the original on 30 July 2022 1639: 1149: 645:seek knowledge of the past using 19289: 19272: 19255: 19238: 19221: 19204: 19187: 19170: 19127: 19118: 19117: 18634: 18134: 18133: 17975:Palestinian expulsion and flight 16487:5000-year civilization assertion 16063:Nadir of American race relations 13586:The Closing of the American Mind 13506:Civilization and Its Discontents 13486:A Vindication of Natural Society 12348: 12337: 12324: 12313: 12312: 11104: 11095: 11094: 10131: 10122: 10121: 9638: 9138: 9137: 8979:Palestinian expulsion and flight 7491:5000-year civilization assertion 7067:Nadir of American race relations 5411:; Gerardi, Pamela, eds. (1995). 5380: 5349: 5318: 5312:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00708.x 5291: 5278: 5265: 5252: 5137:(Oxford University Press, 2004) 5107:Curran, Vivian Grosswald (2000) 5081:Curran, Vivian Grosswald (2000) 4618:]. Paris: Nouveau monde éd. 4373:from the original on 9 June 2018 3951:The Hyperbole of the World Order 3855:Enan, Muhammed Abdullah (2007). 3289:Tschannen, Rafiq (19 May 2013). 2785: 2647: 2371: 1377:In the preface to his book, the 1302:History of the Peloponnesian War 1052:in the study of global history. 629:The period of events before the 435: 434: 421: 18964:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 17838:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 17773:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 17580:Causes of the Armenian genocide 15889:Pyramid construction techniques 15456:Comparative historical research 15373: 15074:Library and information science 13991:English and British regnal year 12267:List of social science journals 11639:Humanities in the United States 11487:American Journal of Archaeology 9968:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 8842:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 8777:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 8584:Causes of the Armenian genocide 6893:Pyramid construction techniques 6460:Comparative historical research 6377: 6078:Library and information science 5639:Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz (1998). 5337:from the original on 5 May 2020 5234: 5221: 5208: 5192: 5179: 5166: 5150: 5127: 5040: 5009: 4984: 4969: 4926:Journal of the History of Ideas 4910: 4871: 4841: 4811: 4798: 4782: 4759: 4736: 4727: 4714: 4657: 4612:Dictionnaire mondial des images 4597: 4568: 4540: 4522: 4478: 4465: 4437: 4410: 4320: 4300:Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz (1998). 4293: 4268: 4240: 4180: 4166:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 50. 4155: 4091:The Journal of American History 4005: 3992: 3978: 3956: 3943: 3931: 3919: 3906: 3889: 3857:Ibn Khaldun: His Life and Works 3823: 3789: 3711: 3698: 3685: 3631: 3602: 3555: 3516: 3507: 3482: 3404: 3373: 3328: 3305: 3282: 3243: 3226: 3209: 3108: 2936:Professor Alun Munslow (2001). 2473: 2335:is the study of the conduct of 1592:defended the worth of history. 18976:Gunpowder and gun transmission 18926:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 18735:Historical school of economics 18672:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 18110:Gunpowder and gun transmission 17984:Zionism as settler colonialism 16989:Limpieza de sangre controversy 15956:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 13769: 12224:Science and technology studies 11514:Journal of Controversial Ideas 11150: 9980:Gunpowder and gun transmission 9930:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 9739:Historical school of economics 9676:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 9114:Gunpowder and gun transmission 8988:Zionism as settler colonialism 7993:Limpieza de sangre controversy 6960:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 4473:Encyclopedia of Social History 3859:. The Other Press. p. v. 3642:. Penguin Books. p. 108. 3316:. Institute for Advanced Study 3055: 3020: 2985: 2929: 2869: 2843: 2702: 2531:, and involves the history of 2157:The Catholic Historical Review 2087:History of the Pacific Islands 1647:Particular studies and fields 1374:approach in historical study. 1331:Records of the Grand Historian 998: 877:It was from Anglo-Norman that 1: 18785:Opposition to Papal supremacy 18161: 15973:Indigenous population history 14104:Old Style and New Style dates 13476:Oration on the Dignity of Man 9789:Opposition to Papal supremacy 9165: 6977:Indigenous population history 5635:This is Book 1 of 25 Volumes. 5535:Lingelbach, Gabriele (2011). 5498:. W.W. Norton & Company. 4767:What is Environmental History 4638:Images: Une histoire mondiale 2811: 2663:historiographical conventions 2576: 2506:is a subfield of History and 2316: 1970:, who is flanked by his wife 1770:: the study of ancient texts. 1364:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1125:. In 1961, British historian 1088: 868: 861: 854: 841:developed into forms such as 660:), are usually classified as 509:Secret History of the Mongols 18701:Desacralization of knowledge 16972:Carlism in the Francoist era 16940:Holodomor in modern politics 15609: 14056:Pre-Julian / Julian 13546:The Society of the Spectacle 11534:Revue des Études Arméniennes 9705:Desacralization of knowledge 7976:Carlism in the Francoist era 7944:Holodomor in modern politics 6613: 5615:Williams, H.S., ed. (1907). 5423:A Student's Guide to History 5139:Online; accessed 10 Nov 2014 4686:10.1007/978-1-349-19161-1_12 4672:. In Juliet Gardiner (ed.). 4335:. In Juliet Gardiner (ed.). 4017:Research Methods for History 4002:(2012) Issue 62, pp. 121–130 3832:A Dictionary of Muslim Names 3253:All About Me: The Individual 3184: 2907:"The Two Faces of E.H. Carr" 2738:History books in a bookstore 2625: 2448:perspective of common people 2212: 2137: 2101: 1270:The first four are known as 759: 715: 631:invention of writing systems 7: 19093:Historiographic metafiction 19057: 19003:Organizations, publications 18792:Proto-orthodox Christianity 17742:German resistance to Nazism 17598:Persian famine of 1917–1919 17008:Islamic revolution of Spain 16935:Holodomor genocide question 16811:Revisionism of Risorgimento 16805:Rerum italicarum scriptores 16786:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 16553:Self-Strengthening Movement 15703:decolonization of knowledge 14289:Geological history of Earth 14159:Astronomical year numbering 10909:Geological history of Earth 10097:Historiographic metafiction 10061: 10007:Organizations, publications 9796:Proto-orthodox Christianity 8746:German resistance to Nazism 8602:Persian famine of 1917–1919 8012:Islamic revolution of Spain 7939:Holodomor genocide question 7815:Revisionism of Risorgimento 7809:Rerum italicarum scriptores 7790:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 7557:Self-Strengthening Movement 6707:decolonization of knowledge 5704:History for ready reference 5570:Presnell, Jenny L. (2006). 5421:Benjamin, Jules R. (2009). 5415:(3rd ed.). Oxford U.P; 4666:"What is Diplomatic History 4349:10.1007/978-1-349-19161-1_2 4187:Arnoldussen, Stijn (2007). 4033:Fasolt, Constantin (2004). 3720:Global Intellectual History 2778: 2676: 2431: 2347: 2289: 2119: 1328:(145–90 BC), author of the 1210:A depiction of the ancient 991:is attested from 1661, and 10: 19343: 18890:Wissenschaft des Judentums 18867:Criticism of Protestantism 17747:Nazi foreign policy debate 17178:Second colonial occupation 16925:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 16563:Tibetan sovereignty debate 16107:Progressive-era historians 15542:Nationalization of history 15493:Historical-critical method 10261:Orders of magnitude (time) 9894:Wissenschaft des Judentums 9871:Criticism of Protestantism 8751:Nazi foreign policy debate 8182:Second colonial occupation 7929:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 7567:Tibetan sovereignty debate 7111:Progressive-era historians 6546:Nationalization of history 6497:Historical-critical method 5522:Kelleher, William (2008). 5494:Evans, Richard J. (2000). 5459:American Historical Review 5286:Russian Studies in History 4819:"Journal of World History" 4806:Chinese Studies in History 4616:World Dictionary of Images 4419:Catholic Historical Review 3830:Ahmed, Salahuddin (1999). 3566:. Routledge. p. 201. 3562:Lemon, Michael C. (1995). 3336: 3250:Majoros, Sotirios (2019). 2651: 2629: 2580: 2558: 2492: 2477: 2435: 2400: 2394: 2375: 2351: 2320: 2300:Cultural history replaced 2293: 2173: 2141: 2123: 2105: 2053:History of the Middle East 2008:History of Central America 1945: 1832: 1828: 1195: 1191: 1153: 1102:is the memory of the past 1092: 1032:, other times part of the 782: 748: 651:traditional oral histories 595: 18: 19112: 19063: 19052: 19008: 18997: 18946: 18750: 18709: 18640: 18629: 18485: 18171: 18167: 18156: 18128: 18097: 18061: 17955: 17909: 17895:Second Sino-Japanese War 17873: 17803: 17755: 17717: 17677: 17553: 17375: 17294: 17270: 17229: 17218: 17194: 17092: 17059: 16950: 16874: 16831: 16772: 16737: 16709: 16700:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 16644: 16571: 16477: 16405: 16119: 16048: 15981: 15943: 15876: 15872: 15861: 15686: 15619: 15615: 15604: 15381: 15368: 15195: 15062: 15024: 15020: 15007: 14884: 14858: 14854: 14841: 14774: 14736: 14634: 14543: 14527: 14511: 14469: 14461:Thermoluminescence dating 14379: 14368: 14356:Samarium–neodymium dating 14323: 14302: 14276: 14267: 14229: 14167: 14122: 14086: 14055: 14046: 14009: 13971: 13850: 13825: 13777: 13724: 13628: 13616:Intellectuals and Society 13566:The Culture of Narcissism 13457: 13125: 12917: 12866: 12795: 12709: 12702: 12642: 12404: 12308: 12275: 12259: 12006: 11732: 11709: 11649:Outline of the humanities 11629:Criticism of mass culture 11609: 11601:National Humanities Medal 11554: 11479: 11310: 11158: 11090: 11032: 10985: 10972:Time translation symmetry 10917: 10857: 10847: 10769: 10696: 10616: 10557: 10441: 10359: 10269: 10231: 10217: 10186: 10116: 10067: 10056: 10012: 10001: 9950: 9754: 9713: 9644: 9633: 9489: 9175: 9171: 9160: 9132: 9101: 9065: 8959: 8913: 8899:Second Sino-Japanese War 8877: 8807: 8759: 8721: 8681: 8557: 8379: 8298: 8274: 8233: 8222: 8198: 8096: 8063: 7954: 7878: 7835: 7776: 7741: 7713: 7704:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 7648: 7575: 7481: 7409: 7123: 7052: 6985: 6947: 6880: 6876: 6865: 6690: 6623: 6619: 6608: 6385: 6372: 6199: 6066: 6028: 6024: 6011: 5888: 5862: 5858: 5845: 5778: 5738: 5733:Links to related articles 5121:12 September 2015 at the 5095:12 September 2015 at the 4917:Grafton, Anthony (2006). 4884:. Brill. pp. 20–21. 4459:10.1080/13545719808454982 4394:What is Military History? 4329:"What is Military History 4000:Storia della Storiografia 3619:15 September 2015 at the 3447:17 September 2005 at the 3150:Lowenthal, David (2000). 3004:New York University Press 2554: 2488: 2407:Universal history (genre) 2331:in history. This type of 2169: 2059:History of Southeast Asia 1861:Prehistoric periodization 1241:By whom was it produced ( 1217:Historical method basics 516:General History of Africa 18650:Crisis of historiography 17813:Auschwitz bombing debate 17499:Indian Rebellion of 1857 17350:Late Bronze Age collapse 17284:List of military museums 16887:Pre-Revolutionary Russia 16859:Polish People's Republic 16694:Sybel-Ficker controversy 16058:African-American history 16031:Colonial Spanish America 15820:Second Thirty Years' War 14175:Chinese sexagenary cycle 13606:The Malaise of Modernity 13556:The History of Sexuality 12655:Catholic social teaching 11634:Educational essentialism 11271:Interdisciplinary fields 10178: 9654:Crisis of historiography 8817:Auschwitz bombing debate 8503:Indian Rebellion of 1857 8354:Late Bronze Age collapse 8288:List of military museums 7891:Pre-Revolutionary Russia 7863:Polish People's Republic 7698:Sybel-Ficker controversy 7062:African-American history 7035:Colonial Spanish America 6824:Second Thirty Years' War 5453:Cronon, William (2013). 5388:History Workshop Journal 5260:History Workshop Journal 5200:History Workshop Journal 5163:(1987) 30#01 pp. 77–104. 4550:(1973). "Introduction". 4214:The Geographical Journal 4132:Marwick, Arthur (1970). 3987:Otetchestvennye Zapiskym 3638:Carr, Edward H. (1961). 3493:. Routledge. p. 1. 3354:Diccionario de Filosofia 3233:Juan Luis Vives (1551). 3117:"Schweigen! die Kinder!" 3090:Arnold, John H. (2000). 3027:Nash l, Gary B. (2000). 2944:. University of London. 2913:. University of London. 2425:Journal of World History 2390: 2014:History of South America 2002:History of the Caribbean 1996:History of North America 1934:, which historians like 1631:Environmental historian 1517:to emerge post-WWII was 965:, and most Germanic and 786:is attested early on in 701:Spring and Autumn Annals 29:History (disambiguation) 17763:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 17622:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 17173:Porter–MacKenzie debate 16930:Causes of the Holodomor 16467:Problem of two emperors 16415:Catilinarian conspiracy 15642:Historical significance 15503:Indiscipline of history 15478:Historical anthropology 14389:Amino acid racemisation 13686:Philosophy of education 11912:international relations 10927:Absolute space and time 10578:Astronomical chronology 8767:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 8626:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 8177:Porter–MacKenzie debate 7934:Causes of the Holodomor 7471:Problem of two emperors 7419:Catilinarian conspiracy 6646:Historical significance 6507:Indiscipline of history 6482:Historical anthropology 5609:excerpt and text search 5577:excerpt and text search 5529:excerpt and text search 4823:The History Cooperative 4791:and Carol Gluck, eds., 4771:excerpt and text search 4164:The Archaeology of Time 3972:22 October 2017 at the 3428:20 January 2021 at the 3417:2 February 2021 at the 3396:2 February 2021 at the 2730:Bias in school teaching 2682:Scholarship vs teaching 2337:international relations 2183:, sometimes called the 1990:History of the Americas 1506:histoire des mentalités 1234:Where was it produced ( 668:. History differs from 526:English translation of 18857:Protestant Reformation 18831:Second Vatican Council 18809:Succession to Muhammad 18804:Criticism of the Quran 18555:Religious perspectives 18289:Klemens von Metternich 17886:"Battle for Australia" 17768:Soviet offensive plans 17737:Broad vs. narrow front 17576:Late Ottoman genocides 16509:Century of humiliation 16290:Goguryeo controversies 16268:2,500-year celebration 15926:Double genocide theory 15713:Historical negationism 15537:Ancestral civilisation 15525:Historical materialism 15483:Historical determinism 15433:History of mentalities 14394:Archaeomagnetic dating 13906:Era of Caesar (Iberia) 12625: 12579: 12565: 12239:Quantum social science 11422:Liberal arts education 10977:Time reversal symmetry 10281:Italian six-hour clock 9861:Protestant Reformation 9835:Second Vatican Council 9813:Succession to Muhammad 9808:Criticism of the Quran 9559:Religious perspectives 9293:Klemens von Metternich 8890:"Battle for Australia" 8772:Soviet offensive plans 8741:Broad vs. narrow front 8580:Late Ottoman genocides 7513:Century of humiliation 7294:Goguryeo controversies 7272:2,500-year celebration 6930:Double genocide theory 6717:Historical negationism 6541:Ancestral civilisation 6529:Historical materialism 6487:Historical determinism 6437:History of mentalities 5585:The Pursuit of History 5392:online at project MUSE 4878:Wade Matthews (2013). 4720:Muriel E Chamberlain, 4488:International Security 4149:The Pursuit of History 4061:Lerner, Gerda (1997). 3410:W.D. Whitney, (1889). 3312:Thomas, Kelly (2018). 3193:. Fordham University. 3115:Seixas, Peter (2000). 2969:The Pursuit of History 2739: 2667:historical revisionism 2606: 2595: 2518:stemmed from many non- 2277:American urban history 2081:History of New Zealand 1979: 1940:Ellen Churchill Semple 1897:Geographical locations 1700:Counterfactual history 1659:history of mathematics 1622:Michel-Rolph Trouillot 1590:The Killing of History 1560:Marxist historiography 1540:historical materialism 1454: 1340:Chinese historiography 1214: 1168: 1140:Aboriginal Australians 1136: 1013: 957:in general. In modern 732: 582: 192:Post-classical history 27:. For other uses, see 18981:Torsion mangonel myth 18884:Modern Jewish history 18879:Jesuit historiography 18872:Protestant work ethic 18852:Hesychast controversy 18717:Industrial Revolution 18667:Library of Alexandria 18585:The Lord of the Rings 18235:Constantine the Great 18115:Torsion mangonel myth 18047:Sri Lankan Civil War 17126:Storm over the gentry 17027:Colonies or Provinces 16558:Sprouts of capitalism 15632:Historic preservation 15627:Change and continuity 14294:Geological time units 13691:Philosophy of history 13681:Philosophy of culture 13576:A Conflict of Visions 12276:Other categorizations 12129:International studies 12114:History of technology 12049:Communication studies 11932:public administration 11498:History of Humanities 10742:Time and fate deities 10687:The Unreality of Time 10626:A series and B series 9985:Torsion mangonel myth 9888:Modern Jewish history 9883:Jesuit historiography 9876:Protestant work ethic 9856:Hesychast controversy 9721:Industrial Revolution 9671:Library of Alexandria 9589:The Lord of the Rings 9239:Constantine the Great 9119:Torsion mangonel myth 9051:Sri Lankan Civil War 8130:Storm over the gentry 8031:Colonies or Provinces 7562:Sprouts of capitalism 6636:Historic preservation 6631:Change and continuity 5496:In Defence of History 5300:International Affairs 4938:10.1353/jhi.2006.0006 4776:22 April 2016 at the 4674:What is History Today 4581:Yale University Press 4337:What is History Today 4248:Darby, Henry Clifford 4162:Lucas, Gavin (2005). 4134:The Nature of History 4035:The Limits of History 3592:The Shape of the Past 3352:Ferrater-Mora, José. 2772:McGraw-Hill Education 2737: 2693:Thomas Frederick Tout 2689:Charles Harding Firth 2601: 2591: 2529:ancient civilizations 2397:World history (field) 2378:Environmental history 2368:in business schools. 2252:History of the family 2095:History of Antarctica 1953: 1663:history of philosophy 1442: 1212:Library of Alexandria 1209: 1196:Further information: 1178:philosophy of history 1163: 1131: 1119:pre-Columbian America 1093:Further information: 1006: 774:used the word in his 723: 483: 19068:Commemorative plaque 18284:Juan Manuel de Rosas 17732:"Blitzkrieg" concept 17603:Powder keg of Europe 17478:Franco-Prussian War 17148:Winter of Discontent 17131:Suffragette Campaign 16798:Italiani brava gente 16764:Revolutionary period 16586:Frankish Interregnum 16519:"Chineseness" debate 16452:Byzantine succession 16437:Fall of Western Rome 16378:Executed Renaissance 15867:By country or region 15811:Age of Enlightenment 15785:Vaticinium ex eventu 15732:Modernisation theory 15566:Quantitative history 14942:Historical documents 14346:Law of superposition 14341:Isotope geochemistry 13696:Political philosophy 13496:Democracy in America 12109:Historical sociology 11654:Renaissance humanism 11586:Master of Humanities 10993:Chronological dating 10962:Theory of relativity 10306:Daylight saving time 10072:Commemorative plaque 9288:Juan Manuel de Rosas 8736:"Blitzkrieg" concept 8607:Powder keg of Europe 8482:Franco-Prussian War 8152:Winter of Discontent 8135:Suffragette Campaign 7802:Italiani brava gente 7768:Revolutionary period 7590:Frankish Interregnum 7523:"Chineseness" debate 7456:Byzantine succession 7441:Fall of Western Rome 7382:Executed Renaissance 6871:By country or region 6815:Age of Enlightenment 6789:Vaticinium ex eventu 6736:Modernisation theory 6570:Quantitative history 5946:Historical documents 5621:. Vol. Book 1. 5602:Woolf, D.R. (1998). 5214:Jason Nicholls, ed. 5144:30 July 2022 at the 5049:The Public Historian 4795:(M. E. Sharpe, 1997) 4753:19 June 2009 at the 4500:10.1162/isec.22.1.34 3962:See, in particular, 3614:The Theft of History 3596:University of Oxford 3529:. Pine Forge Press. 3442:WordNet Search – 3.0 3002:. Internet Archive. 2851:"History Definition" 2480:Intellectual history 2247:History of education 2242:History of childhood 2204:. English historian 2198:intellectual history 2163:History of Religions 2075:History of Australia 2041:History of East Asia 1976:Maria II of Portugal 1936:Ellsworth Huntington 1724:Intellectual history 1694:Contemporary history 1495:associated with the 1272:historical criticism 1166:La Historia d'Italia 780:. The ancestor word 686:, a 5th-century BCE 222:contemporary history 214:early modern history 19327:Main topic articles 18897:Schools of thought 18862:Proto-Protestantism 18731:School of Thoughts 18613:William Shakespeare 18598:Robert Falcon Scott 18503:Friedrich Nietzsche 18341:Cult of personality 18326:Neville Chamberlain 18186:Alexander the Great 18068:Russo-Georgian War 18041:Sovereignty dispute 18020:Iranian Revolution 17850:"Polish death camp" 17827:In relation to the 17536:Myth of English aid 17527:War of the Pacific 17304:Albigensian Crusade 16729:Indigenous Aryanism 16425:Constantinian shift 15961:Residential schools 15718:Historian's fallacy 15637:Historic recurrence 15135:Numismatics (Money) 14907:Archaeological site 14831:theories of history 14628:Theories of history 14479:Fluorine absorption 14456:Luminescence dating 14351:Luminescence dating 14259:Milankovitch cycles 14099:Proleptic Gregorian 13931:Hindu units of time 13536:One-Dimensional Man 12289:Geisteswissenschaft 12283:Behavioral sciences 12209:Political sociology 12124:Information science 12069:Development studies 11573:Geisteswissenschaft 11539:Teaching Philosophy 11318:Abductive reasoning 10286:Thai six-hour clock 9901:Schools of thought 9866:Proto-Protestantism 9735:School of Thoughts 9617:William Shakespeare 9602:Robert Falcon Scott 9507:Friedrich Nietzsche 9345:Cult of personality 9330:Neville Chamberlain 9190:Alexander the Great 9072:Russo-Georgian War 9045:Sovereignty dispute 9024:Iranian Revolution 8854:"Polish death camp" 8831:In relation to the 8540:Myth of English aid 8531:War of the Pacific 8308:Albigensian Crusade 7733:Indigenous Aryanism 7429:Constantinian shift 6965:Residential schools 6722:Historian's fallacy 6641:Historic recurrence 6139:Numismatics (Money) 5911:Archaeological site 5835:theories of history 5672:of BestHistorySites 5587:. Pearson Longman. 5583:Tosh, John (2006). 5472:10.1093/ahr/118.1.1 5430:Carr, E.H. (2001). 4471:Peter Stearns, ed. 4147:Tosh, John (2006). 3966:The German Ideology 2994:Wineburg, Samuel S. 2967:Tosh, John (2006). 2801:Glossary of history 2671:historical evidence 2632:Ash heap of history 2612:lists of historians 2227:Demographic history 2200:and the history of 2144:History of religion 1688:Comparative history 1568:sought to validate 1544:material conditions 1511:Herbert Butterfield 1432:Henry Thomas Buckle 1346:was influential in 1068:Annapolis, Maryland 615:academic discipline 506:translation of the 218:late modern history 186:classical antiquity 39:Part of a series on 19088:Historical realism 19083:Historical fiction 19028:History institutes 19018:Historical society 19013:Heritage registers 18901:Biblical criticism 18814:Islamic golden age 18765:Early Christianity 18645:Bears in antiquity 18533:Medieval Christian 18331:Pedro II of Brazil 18279:José de San Martín 18083:Syrian revolution 17995:Malayan Emergency 17970:1948 Palestine war 17703:Spanish Civil War 17653:War guilt question 17462:American Civil War 17442:Invasion of Russia 17418:New Russian School 17202:Colonial Australia 16918:October Revolution 16681:Strukturgeschichte 16617:Location of Alésia 16536:Hua–Yi distinction 16457:Moscow, third Rome 16073:Reconstruction era 15894:Black Egypt Thesis 15816:European Civil War 15772:Translatio imperii 15727:Invented tradition 14848:Historical sources 14718:List of historians 14581:Terminus post quem 14561:Synchronoptic view 14528:Linguistic methods 14489:Obsidian hydration 14424:Radiometric dating 14409:Incremental dating 14331:Chronostratigraphy 13656:Cultural pessimism 13651:Cultural criticism 12550:National character 12344:Society portal 11831:auxiliary sciences 11660:Studia Humanitatis 10816:Rosy retrospection 10794:Mental chronometry 10618:Philosophy of time 10092:Historical realism 10087:Historical fiction 10032:History institutes 10022:Historical society 10017:Heritage registers 9905:Biblical criticism 9818:Islamic golden age 9769:Early Christianity 9649:Bears in antiquity 9537:Medieval Christian 9335:Pedro II of Brazil 9283:José de San Martín 9087:Syrian revolution 8999:Malayan Emergency 8974:1948 Palestine war 8707:Spanish Civil War 8657:War guilt question 8466:American Civil War 8446:Invasion of Russia 8422:New Russian School 8206:Colonial Australia 7922:October Revolution 7685:Strukturgeschichte 7621:Location of Alésia 7540:Hua–Yi distinction 7461:Moscow, third Rome 7077:Reconstruction era 6898:Black Egypt Thesis 6820:European Civil War 6776:Translatio imperii 6731:Invented tradition 5852:Historical sources 5436:Palgrave Macmillan 5362:The New York Times 5331:The New York Times 5161:Historical Journal 5016:Morris, Bonnie J. 4634:Gervereau, Laurent 4608:Gervereau, Laurent 4275:Rao, B.V. (2007). 3293:. The Muslim Times 2883:on 1 February 2014 2806:Outline of history 2768:American Civil War 2740: 2607: 2596: 2583:List of historians 2341:Muriel Chamberlain 2328:Diplomatic history 2323:Diplomatic history 2185:new social history 2069:History of Oceania 2022:History of Eurasia 1980: 1964:Sir Charles Stuart 1927:geography of Egypt 1923:Histoire de France 1890:radiocarbon dating 1655:history of science 1586:Keith Windschuttle 1566:Marxist historians 1215: 1169: 1164:The title page to 1115:sub-Saharan Africa 1014: 1007:The title page to 977:, the substantive 975:European languages 951:analytic/isolating 777:History of Animals 733: 647:historical sources 637:. "History" is an 588:(derived from 583: 520:First page of the 428:History portal 114:Gregorian calendar 19152: 19151: 19146: 19145: 19142: 19141: 19108: 19107: 19048: 19047: 18993: 18992: 18989: 18988: 18906:Catholic theology 18760:Avestan geography 18625: 18624: 18621: 18620: 18608:Søren Kierkegaard 18481: 18480: 18392:Warren G. Harding 18152: 18151: 18148: 18147: 17951: 17950: 17829:Armenian genocide 17692:Polish–Soviet War 17687:Burning of Smyrna 17673: 17672: 17663:Reichstag inquiry 17586:Patriotic consent 17457: 17456: 17432:War in the Vendée 17396:French Revolution 17378:century conflicts 17367:Peloponnesian War 17328:Eighty Years' War 17214: 17213: 17210: 17209: 17190: 17189: 17186: 17185: 17119:Westminster Stone 16816:Southern question 16655:Alltagsgeschichte 16605:Legendary Saracen 16307:Early settlements 16115: 16114: 16095:Political history 16080:Consensus history 15857: 15856: 15853: 15852: 15849: 15848: 15839:Continuity thesis 15778:Translatio studii 15664:Theory of history 15600: 15599: 15596: 15595: 15554:Subaltern Studies 15439:Nouvelle histoire 15364: 15363: 15360: 15359: 15276:Medieval churches 15263:Geistesgeschichte 15207:Paleoanthropology 15115:Encyclopaedistics 15003: 15002: 14999: 14998: 14871:Secondary sources 14594: 14593: 14507: 14506: 14364: 14363: 14225: 14224: 14180:Geologic Calendar 14042: 14041: 13737: 13736: 13453: 13452: 12598:Spontaneous order 12588:Social alienation 12437:Cultural heritage 12398:Social philosophy 12364: 12363: 12204:Political economy 12199:Political ecology 12054:Community studies 12044:Cognitive science 12007:Interdisciplinary 11907:Political science 11669: 11668: 11389:General knowledge 11372:Cultural literacy 11306: 11305: 11240:Religious studies 11176:Classical studies 11118: 11117: 11028: 11027: 11003:Circadian rhythms 10821:Tense–aspect–mood 10676:Temporal finitism 10553: 10552: 10529:Grandfather clock 10146: 10145: 10112: 10111: 10052: 10051: 9997: 9996: 9993: 9992: 9910:Catholic theology 9764:Avestan geography 9629: 9628: 9625: 9624: 9612:Søren Kierkegaard 9485: 9484: 9396:Warren G. Harding 9156: 9155: 9152: 9151: 8955: 8954: 8833:Armenian genocide 8696:Polish–Soviet War 8691:Burning of Smyrna 8677: 8676: 8667:Reichstag inquiry 8590:Patriotic consent 8461: 8460: 8436:War in the Vendée 8400:French Revolution 8382:century conflicts 8371:Peloponnesian War 8332:Eighty Years' War 8218: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8194: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8123:Westminster Stone 7820:Southern question 7659:Alltagsgeschichte 7609:Legendary Saracen 7311:Early settlements 7119: 7118: 7099:Political history 7084:Consensus history 6861: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6843:Continuity thesis 6782:Translatio studii 6668:Theory of history 6604: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6558:Subaltern Studies 6443:Nouvelle histoire 6368: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6280:Medieval churches 6267:Geistesgeschichte 6211:Paleoanthropology 6119:Encyclopaedistics 6007: 6006: 6003: 6002: 5875:Secondary sources 5700:Project Gutenberg 5409:Norton, Mary Beth 4443:For example, see 4013:King, Michelle T. 3964:Marx and Engels, 3704:Georg G. Iggers, 2938:"What History Is" 2749:Armenian Genocide 2718:Nouvelle histoire 2642:collective memory 2418:Arnold J. Toynbee 2333:political history 2194:political history 2189:political history 2108:Political history 2029:History of Europe 1984:History of Africa 1968:Pedro I of Brazil 1826: 1825: 1780:Political history 1617:Constantin Fasolt 1520:Alltagsgeschichte 1493:French historians 1485:Hugh Trevor-Roper 1437:Leopold von Ranke 1401:scientific method 1389:early sociologist 1283: 1282: 1276:textual criticism 1198:Historical method 967:Romance languages 898:Confessio Amantis 881:was brought into 769: 757: 729:Frederick Dielman 680:in universities. 662:cultural heritage 624:nature of history 478: 477: 196:Early Middle Ages 140:Historical source 120:Historical method 58:Study of the past 16:Study of the past 19334: 19302: 19294: 19293: 19292: 19285: 19284:from Wikiversity 19277: 19276: 19275: 19268: 19260: 19259: 19258: 19251: 19243: 19242: 19241: 19234: 19226: 19225: 19224: 19217: 19209: 19208: 19207: 19200: 19192: 19191: 19190: 19183: 19175: 19174: 19173: 19163: 19131: 19130: 19121: 19120: 19073:Documentary film 19054: 19053: 19033:History journals 18999: 18998: 18972: 18844: 18780:Primacy of Peter 18727:Great Depression 18707: 18706: 18680: 18658: 18631: 18630: 18579:J. R. R. Tolkien 18434: 18433: 18429: 18417: 18405: 18387:Ulysses S. Grant 18382:Thomas Jefferson 18373: 18349: 18312: 18275: 18263: 18231: 18219: 18211:Chiang Ching-kuo 18201:Cato the Younger 18191:Amin al-Husseini 18169: 18168: 18158: 18157: 18137: 18136: 18120:War and genocide 17944: 17930:Résistancialisme 17917:Battle of France 17899:Nanjing Massacre 17753: 17752: 17634: 17633: 17630: 17594: 17544: 17426: 17409: 17382: 17381: 17309:Catharism debate 17295:pre-18th century 17277:Military history 17254: 17247: 17240: 17231: 17230: 17224:By war, conflict 17220: 17219: 17168:Cambridge School 17154: 17153: 17052: 17040: 17016: 16997: 16907: 16895: 16867: 16689: 16667:Historikerstreit 16637: 16625: 16613: 16594: 16580:Cordon sanitaire 16526:New Qing History 16514:Conquest dynasty 16505: 16420:Christianization 16403: 16402: 16322: 16235: 16223: 16211: 16189: 16177: 16169:Byzantine Empire 16024:Iquicha Royalism 16013: 15979: 15978: 15902: 15874: 15873: 15863: 15862: 15806:Age of Discovery 15795:Periodization of 15792: 15791: 15766:Transhistoricity 15761:Thirty-year rule 15672: 15660: 15617: 15616: 15606: 15605: 15586:Great Man theory 15549:People's history 15511: 15416: 15415: 15408:Three-age system 15370: 15369: 15070:Archival science 15022: 15021: 15009: 15008: 14876:Tertiary sources 14856: 14855: 14843: 14842: 14792:by area of study 14761: 14754: 14747: 14738: 14737: 14621: 14614: 14607: 14598: 14597: 14586:ASPRO chronology 14535:Glottochronology 14451:Tephrochronology 14399:Dendrochronology 14377: 14376: 14274: 14273: 14073:Proleptic Julian 14063:Pre-Julian Roman 14053: 14052: 13848: 13847: 13764: 13757: 13750: 13741: 13740: 13701:Social criticism 13621: 13611: 13601: 13591: 13581: 13571: 13561: 13551: 13541: 13531: 13521: 13511: 13501: 13491: 13481: 13471: 12707: 12706: 12689:Frankfurt School 12667:Communitarianism 12630: 12584: 12570: 12391: 12384: 12377: 12368: 12367: 12352: 12342: 12341: 12328: 12327: 12316: 12315: 12219:Regional science 12064:Cultural studies 12039:Business studies 11696: 11689: 11682: 11673: 11672: 11456:Self-realization 11268: 11267: 11145: 11138: 11131: 11122: 11121: 11108: 11107: 11098: 11097: 11015:Glottochronology 10855: 10854: 10771:Human experience 10631:B-theory of time 10229: 10228: 10173: 10166: 10159: 10150: 10149: 10135: 10134: 10125: 10124: 10077:Documentary film 10058: 10057: 10037:History journals 10003: 10002: 9976: 9848: 9784:Primacy of Peter 9731:Great Depression 9711: 9710: 9684: 9662: 9635: 9634: 9583:J. R. R. Tolkien 9438: 9437: 9433: 9421: 9409: 9391:Ulysses S. Grant 9386:Thomas Jefferson 9377: 9353: 9316: 9279: 9267: 9235: 9223: 9215:Chiang Ching-kuo 9205:Cato the Younger 9195:Amin al-Husseini 9173: 9172: 9162: 9161: 9141: 9140: 9124:War and genocide 8948: 8934:Résistancialisme 8921:Battle of France 8903:Nanjing Massacre 8757: 8756: 8638: 8637: 8634: 8598: 8548: 8430: 8413: 8386: 8385: 8313:Catharism debate 8299:pre-18th century 8281:Military history 8258: 8251: 8244: 8235: 8234: 8228:By war, conflict 8224: 8223: 8172:Cambridge School 8158: 8157: 8056: 8044: 8020: 8001: 7911: 7899: 7871: 7693: 7671:Historikerstreit 7641: 7629: 7617: 7598: 7584:Cordon sanitaire 7530:New Qing History 7518:Conquest dynasty 7509: 7424:Christianization 7407: 7406: 7326: 7239: 7227: 7215: 7193: 7181: 7173:Byzantine Empire 7028:Iquicha Royalism 7017: 6983: 6982: 6906: 6878: 6877: 6867: 6866: 6810:Age of Discovery 6799:Periodization of 6796: 6795: 6770:Transhistoricity 6765:Thirty-year rule 6676: 6664: 6621: 6620: 6610: 6609: 6590:Great Man theory 6553:People's history 6515: 6420: 6419: 6412:Three-age system 6374: 6373: 6074:Archival science 6026: 6025: 6013: 6012: 5880:Tertiary sources 5860: 5859: 5847: 5846: 5796:by area of study 5765: 5758: 5751: 5742: 5741: 5729: 5728: 5702:including eight 5681: 5680: 5678:Official website 5671: 5670: 5668:Official website 5654: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5607: 5598: 5575: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5527: 5518: 5509: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5474: 5449: 5432:What is History? 5426: 5416: 5394: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5295: 5289: 5282: 5276: 5269: 5263: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5238: 5232: 5225: 5219: 5212: 5206: 5196: 5190: 5183: 5177: 5172:Frank Donoghue, 5170: 5164: 5154: 5148: 5131: 5125: 5105: 5099: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5013: 5007: 5006: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4956: 4950:. Archived from 4949: 4923: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4825:. Archived from 4815: 4809: 4802: 4796: 4786: 4780: 4763: 4757: 4740: 4734: 4731: 4725: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4677: 4669: 4661: 4655: 4651: 4629: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4532:. Archived from 4526: 4520: 4519: 4482: 4476: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4340: 4332: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4097:(4): 1347–1376. 4086: 4077: 4076: 4058: 4049: 4048: 4030: 4021: 4020: 4009: 4003: 3996: 3990: 3982: 3976: 3960: 3954: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3910: 3904: 3893: 3887: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3715: 3709: 3702: 3696: 3691:Ernst Breisach, 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3663: 3654: 3653: 3640:What is History? 3635: 3629: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3587: 3578: 3577: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3463: 3452: 3439: 3433: 3408: 3402: 3386: 3380: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3357: 3350: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3256:. FriesenPress. 3247: 3241: 3240: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3024: 3018: 3017: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2902: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2879:. Archived from 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2822: 2795: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2745:Nanking Massacre 2638:legal judgements 2468:History Workshop 2444:people's history 2438:People's history 2420:, among others. 2365:Business history 2358:Business history 2354:Economic history 2296:Cultural history 2131:Military history 2126:Military history 2047:History of India 1972:Maria Leopoldina 1960:its independence 1956:Empire of Brazil 1774:People's history 1752:Military history 1736:Material history 1730:Maritime history 1718:Economic history 1706:Cultural history 1676:Atlantic history 1644: 1643: 1636:accountability. 1501:cultural history 1307:cause and effect 1202: 1201: 1142:and New Zealand 987:. The adjective 938:was provided by 930:was provided by 873: 870: 866: 863: 859: 856: 785: 784: 764: 762: 752: 750: 678:major discipline 613:. History is an 606: 599: 470: 463: 456: 443: 438: 437: 430: 426: 425: 424: 204:Late Middle Ages 200:High Middle Ages 135:Recorded history 55: 36: 35: 25:History of Earth 19342: 19341: 19337: 19336: 19335: 19333: 19332: 19331: 19307: 19306: 19305: 19295: 19290: 19288: 19278: 19273: 19271: 19261: 19256: 19254: 19250:from Wikisource 19244: 19239: 19237: 19227: 19222: 19220: 19210: 19205: 19203: 19193: 19188: 19186: 19182:from Wiktionary 19176: 19171: 19169: 19166: 19162:sister projects 19159:at Knowledge's 19153: 19148: 19147: 19138: 19137: 19104: 19059: 19044: 19004: 18985: 18968: 18951: 18942: 18838: 18746: 18722:Great Recession 18705: 18676: 18652: 18636: 18617: 18508:H. P. Lovecraft 18477: 18439: 18432: 18423: 18411: 18399: 18367: 18343: 18316:Muammar Gaddafi 18306: 18294:Leonid Brezhnev 18269: 18257: 18240:Gregory Palamas 18225: 18223:Chiang Kai Shek 18213: 18173: 18163: 18144: 18143: 18124: 18105:Conflict thesis 18093: 18057: 17947: 17938: 17905: 17869: 17799: 17751: 17713: 17679:Interwar period 17669: 17639: 17632: 17624: 17608:Schlieffen Plan 17588: 17549: 17538: 17453: 17420: 17403: 17388: 17377: 17371: 17355:Dorian invasion 17340:Fall of Babylon 17296: 17290: 17289: 17266: 17258: 17225: 17206: 17182: 17159: 17152: 17114:Kingdom of Alba 17095: 17088: 17055: 17046: 17034: 17032:Spanish decline 17010: 16991: 16946: 16901: 16889: 16870: 16861: 16827: 16768: 16733: 16719:Greater Magadha 16705: 16683: 16640: 16631: 16619: 16607: 16588: 16567: 16541:Four Barbarians 16499: 16473: 16401: 16358:Götaland theory 16326:Lusotropicalism 16316: 16297:North Macedonia 16229: 16217: 16205: 16183: 16171: 16111: 16090:Frontier thesis 16085:Cyclical theory 16068:Neoabolitionism 16044: 16007: 15977: 15939: 15916:Greater Morocco 15896: 15868: 15845: 15796: 15790: 15682: 15666: 15654: 15611: 15592: 15505: 15420: 15414: 15396:Historical eras 15377: 15356: 15191: 15088:Writing systems 15058: 15016: 15014:Fields of study 14995: 14989:Service records 14974:Religious texts 14880: 14866:Primary sources 14850: 14837: 14836: 14770: 14765: 14732: 14630: 14625: 14595: 14590: 14539: 14523: 14519:Molecular clock 14512:Genetic methods 14503: 14484:Nitrogen dating 14471:Relative dating 14465: 14434:Potassium–argon 14381:Absolute dating 14371: 14360: 14319: 14298: 14263: 14239:Cosmic Calendar 14231:Astronomic time 14221: 14163: 14118: 14082: 14068:Original Julian 14038: 14005: 13967: 13866:Ab urbe condita 13844: 13821: 13773: 13768: 13738: 13733: 13720: 13646:Critical theory 13624: 13619: 13609: 13599: 13589: 13579: 13569: 13559: 13549: 13539: 13529: 13519: 13509: 13499: 13489: 13479: 13469: 13449: 13127: 13121: 12919: 12913: 12862: 12791: 12698: 12650:Budapest School 12638: 12427:Cosmopolitanism 12400: 12395: 12365: 12360: 12336: 12304: 12271: 12255: 12229:Science studies 12013:Administration 12002: 11728: 11705: 11703:Social sciences 11700: 11670: 11665: 11605: 11550: 11475: 11461:Self-reflection 11451:Moral character 11410:Human condition 11362:Critical theory 11302: 11266: 11213:Performing arts 11154: 11149: 11119: 11114: 11086: 11077:Time immemorial 11024: 10981: 10942:Coordinate time 10913: 10867:Geological time 10843: 10826:Time management 10789:Generation time 10773: 10765: 10710: 10692: 10612: 10571: 10549: 10437: 10355: 10272: 10265: 10221: 10213: 10182: 10177: 10147: 10142: 10141: 10108: 10063: 10048: 10008: 9989: 9972: 9955: 9946: 9842: 9750: 9726:Great Recession 9709: 9680: 9656: 9640: 9621: 9512:H. P. Lovecraft 9481: 9443: 9436: 9427: 9415: 9403: 9371: 9347: 9320:Muammar Gaddafi 9310: 9298:Leonid Brezhnev 9273: 9261: 9244:Gregory Palamas 9229: 9227:Chiang Kai Shek 9217: 9177: 9167: 9148: 9147: 9128: 9109:Conflict thesis 9097: 9061: 8951: 8942: 8909: 8873: 8803: 8755: 8717: 8683:Interwar period 8673: 8643: 8636: 8628: 8612:Schlieffen Plan 8592: 8553: 8542: 8457: 8424: 8407: 8392: 8381: 8375: 8359:Dorian invasion 8344:Fall of Babylon 8300: 8294: 8293: 8270: 8262: 8229: 8210: 8186: 8163: 8156: 8118:Kingdom of Alba 8099: 8092: 8059: 8050: 8038: 8036:Spanish decline 8014: 7995: 7950: 7905: 7893: 7874: 7865: 7831: 7772: 7737: 7723:Greater Magadha 7709: 7687: 7644: 7635: 7623: 7611: 7592: 7571: 7545:Four Barbarians 7503: 7477: 7405: 7362:Götaland theory 7330:Lusotropicalism 7320: 7301:North Macedonia 7233: 7221: 7209: 7187: 7175: 7115: 7094:Frontier thesis 7089:Cyclical theory 7072:Neoabolitionism 7048: 7011: 6981: 6943: 6920:Greater Morocco 6900: 6872: 6849: 6800: 6794: 6686: 6670: 6658: 6615: 6596: 6509: 6424: 6418: 6400:Historical eras 6381: 6360: 6195: 6092:Writing systems 6062: 6020: 6018:Fields of study 5999: 5993:Service records 5978:Religious texts 5884: 5870:Primary sources 5854: 5841: 5840: 5774: 5769: 5734: 5698:(1836-1913) at 5676: 5675: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5657: 5651: 5628: 5626: 5595: 5560: 5558: 5551: 5506: 5482: 5480: 5446: 5403: 5401:Further reading 5398: 5397: 5385: 5381: 5371: 5369: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5323: 5319: 5296: 5292: 5283: 5279: 5273:History Teacher 5270: 5266: 5257: 5253: 5239: 5235: 5226: 5222: 5213: 5209: 5197: 5193: 5187:History Teacher 5184: 5180: 5171: 5167: 5155: 5151: 5146:Wayback Machine 5132: 5128: 5123:Wayback Machine 5106: 5102: 5097:Wayback Machine 5080: 5076: 5061:10.2307/3377910 5045: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4989: 4985: 4974: 4970: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4921: 4915: 4911: 4901: 4899: 4892: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4847: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4817: 4816: 4812: 4803: 4799: 4787: 4783: 4778:Wayback Machine 4764: 4760: 4755:Wayback Machine 4741: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4696: 4675: 4667: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4626: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4545: 4541: 4536:on 30 May 2006. 4528: 4527: 4523: 4483: 4479: 4470: 4466: 4442: 4438: 4415: 4411: 4404: 4390: 4386: 4376: 4374: 4359: 4338: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4314: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4273: 4269: 4262: 4245: 4241: 4226:10.2307/1775737 4210: 4206: 4199: 4185: 4181: 4174: 4160: 4156: 4145: 4141: 4130: 4126: 4103:10.2307/2079346 4087: 4080: 4073: 4059: 4052: 4045: 4031: 4024: 4010: 4006: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3979: 3974:Wayback Machine 3961: 3957: 3949:Max Ostrovski, 3948: 3944: 3938:Muse of History 3936: 3932: 3926:Muse of History 3924: 3920: 3914:Muse of History 3911: 3907: 3897:Robert Carneiro 3894: 3890: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3794: 3790: 3783: 3769: 3765: 3758: 3744: 3737: 3730: 3716: 3712: 3703: 3699: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3636: 3632: 3621:Wayback Machine 3607: 3603: 3588: 3581: 3574: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3537: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3487: 3483: 3464: 3455: 3449:Wayback Machine 3440: 3436: 3430:Wayback Machine 3419:Wayback Machine 3409: 3405: 3398:Wayback Machine 3387: 3383: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3360: 3351: 3344: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3310: 3306: 3296: 3294: 3287: 3283: 3273: 3271: 3264: 3248: 3244: 3231: 3227: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3185:Halsall, Paul. 3183: 3179: 3172: 3148: 3144: 3137: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3088: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3025: 3021: 3014: 2990: 2986: 2979: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2903: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2760:Southern states 2732: 2705: 2684: 2679: 2656: 2650: 2634: 2628: 2593:Benedetto Croce 2586: 2579: 2563: 2557: 2516:women's history 2501: 2493:Main articles: 2491: 2482: 2476: 2452:disenfranchised 2440: 2434: 2414:Oswald Spengler 2409: 2399: 2393: 2380: 2374: 2360: 2352:Main articles: 2350: 2325: 2319: 2298: 2292: 2284:Women's history 2215: 2206:G. M. Trevelyan 2178: 2172: 2146: 2140: 2128: 2122: 2114: 2106:Main articles: 2104: 2035:History of Asia 1948: 1899: 1863: 1841:periods of time 1837: 1831: 1808:Women's history 1712:Digital history 1670:Ancient history 1642: 1609: 1478:digital history 1470:Fernand Braudel 1424:Herbert Spencer 1417:systematic bias 1352:Western thought 1344:Saint Augustine 1218: 1200: 1194: 1158: 1152: 1097: 1091: 1034:social sciences 1019:Benedetto Croce 1001: 916:natural history 871: 864: 857: 801:' oath, and in 718: 688:Greek historian 581: 474: 433: 422: 420: 419: 412: 411: 382: 372: 371: 367:A. J. P. Taylor 322: 311: 310: 286:Pacific Islands 256:Central America 236: 228: 227: 178:Ancient history 168: 158: 157: 91: 83: 60: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 19340: 19330: 19329: 19324: 19319: 19304: 19303: 19286: 19269: 19267:from Wikibooks 19252: 19235: 19233:from Wikiquote 19218: 19201: 19184: 19155: 19150: 19149: 19144: 19143: 19140: 19139: 19136: 19135: 19125: 19114: 19113: 19110: 19109: 19106: 19105: 19103: 19102: 19097: 19096: 19095: 19090: 19080: 19075: 19070: 19064: 19061: 19060: 19050: 19049: 19046: 19045: 19043: 19042: 19041: 19040: 19030: 19025: 19015: 19009: 19006: 19005: 18995: 18994: 18991: 18990: 18987: 18986: 18984: 18983: 18978: 18973: 18966: 18961: 18955: 18953: 18944: 18943: 18941: 18940: 18939: 18938: 18933: 18928: 18923: 18918: 18913: 18908: 18903: 18895: 18894: 18893: 18881: 18876: 18875: 18874: 18869: 18864: 18854: 18849: 18848: 18847: 18846: 18845: 18823: 18822: 18821: 18816: 18811: 18806: 18796: 18795: 18794: 18789: 18788: 18787: 18777: 18772: 18762: 18756: 18754: 18748: 18747: 18745: 18744: 18743: 18742: 18737: 18729: 18724: 18719: 18713: 18711: 18704: 18703: 18698: 18693: 18686: 18681: 18674: 18669: 18664: 18659: 18647: 18641: 18638: 18637: 18627: 18626: 18623: 18622: 18619: 18618: 18616: 18615: 18610: 18605: 18600: 18595: 18590: 18589: 18588: 18576: 18575: 18574: 18573: 18572: 18567: 18562: 18552: 18547: 18537: 18536: 18535: 18530: 18525: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18498:Charles Darwin 18495: 18489: 18487: 18483: 18482: 18479: 18478: 18476: 18475: 18470: 18468:United Kingdom 18465: 18460: 18458:Modern Germany 18455: 18450: 18444: 18442: 18431: 18430: 18418: 18406: 18394: 18389: 18384: 18379: 18377:Thomas Aquinas 18374: 18362: 18357: 18356: 18355: 18350: 18333: 18328: 18323: 18318: 18313: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18264: 18252: 18247: 18245:Horatio Nelson 18242: 18237: 18232: 18220: 18208: 18203: 18198: 18193: 18188: 18183: 18177: 18175: 18165: 18164: 18154: 18153: 18150: 18149: 18146: 18145: 18142: 18141: 18130: 18129: 18126: 18125: 18123: 18122: 18117: 18112: 18107: 18101: 18099: 18095: 18094: 18092: 18091: 18090: 18089: 18081: 18080: 18079: 18077:Responsibility 18074: 18065: 18063: 18059: 18058: 18056: 18055: 18054: 18053: 18045: 18044: 18043: 18033: 18028: 18027: 18026: 18018: 18017: 18016: 18008: 18003: 18002: 18001: 17993: 17992: 17991: 17989:New Historians 17986: 17981: 17967: 17961: 17959: 17953: 17952: 17949: 17948: 17946: 17945: 17933: 17926: 17919: 17913: 17911: 17907: 17906: 17904: 17903: 17902: 17901: 17893: 17888: 17883: 17877: 17875: 17871: 17870: 17868: 17867: 17862: 17857: 17855:Responsibility 17852: 17847: 17846: 17845: 17835: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17809: 17807: 17801: 17800: 17798: 17797: 17796: 17795: 17790: 17780: 17775: 17770: 17765: 17759: 17757: 17750: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17734: 17729: 17723: 17721: 17715: 17714: 17712: 17711: 17710: 17709: 17701: 17700: 17699: 17689: 17683: 17681: 17675: 17674: 17671: 17670: 17668: 17667: 17666: 17665: 17660: 17650: 17644: 17642: 17631: 17619: 17613:Spirit of 1914 17610: 17605: 17600: 17595: 17583: 17573: 17570:Fischer thesis 17559: 17557: 17551: 17550: 17548: 17547: 17546: 17545: 17533: 17525: 17524: 17523: 17513: 17511:Paraguayan War 17508: 17507: 17506: 17496: 17491: 17490: 17489: 17484: 17476: 17475: 17474: 17469: 17458: 17455: 17454: 17452: 17451: 17450: 17449: 17444: 17437:Napoleonic era 17434: 17429: 17428: 17427: 17415: 17410: 17401:Pre-revolution 17392: 17390: 17386:Coalition Wars 17379: 17373: 17372: 17370: 17369: 17364: 17363: 17362: 17357: 17347: 17342: 17337: 17336: 17335: 17325: 17324: 17323: 17313: 17312: 17311: 17300: 17298: 17292: 17291: 17288: 17287: 17280: 17272: 17271: 17268: 17267: 17264:historiography 17257: 17256: 17249: 17242: 17234: 17227: 17226: 17216: 17215: 17212: 17211: 17208: 17207: 17205: 17204: 17198: 17196: 17192: 17191: 17188: 17187: 17184: 17183: 17181: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17164: 17162: 17151: 17150: 17145: 17144: 17143: 17133: 17128: 17123: 17122: 17121: 17116: 17106: 17100: 17098: 17090: 17089: 17087: 17086: 17085: 17084: 17082:Decline thesis 17079: 17072:Ottoman Empire 17069: 17063: 17061: 17057: 17056: 17054: 17053: 17041: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17018: 17017: 16998: 16986: 16981: 16974: 16969: 16964: 16954: 16952: 16948: 16947: 16945: 16944: 16943: 16942: 16937: 16932: 16922: 16921: 16920: 16910: 16909: 16908: 16899:Skeptic School 16884: 16882:Anti-Normanism 16878: 16876: 16872: 16871: 16869: 16868: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16839:Golden Liberty 16835: 16833: 16829: 16828: 16826: 16825: 16824: 16823: 16821:Neo-Bourbonism 16813: 16808: 16801: 16794: 16789: 16782: 16776: 16774: 16770: 16769: 16767: 16766: 16761: 16756: 16749: 16743: 16741: 16735: 16734: 16732: 16731: 16726: 16721: 16715: 16713: 16707: 16706: 16704: 16703: 16696: 16691: 16677: 16670: 16663: 16661:Borussian myth 16658: 16650: 16648: 16642: 16641: 16639: 16638: 16626: 16614: 16602: 16595: 16583: 16575: 16573: 16569: 16568: 16566: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16550: 16549: 16548: 16543: 16533: 16528: 16523: 16522: 16521: 16511: 16506: 16494: 16489: 16483: 16481: 16475: 16474: 16472: 16471: 16470: 16469: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16429: 16428: 16427: 16417: 16411: 16409: 16400: 16399: 16398: 16397: 16392: 16382: 16381: 16380: 16372: 16367: 16362: 16361: 16360: 16352: 16351: 16350: 16340: 16339: 16338: 16330: 16329: 16328: 16311: 16310: 16309: 16299: 16294: 16293: 16292: 16287: 16277: 16272: 16271: 16270: 16262: 16261: 16260: 16250: 16249: 16248: 16238: 16237: 16236: 16224: 16212: 16197: 16192: 16191: 16190: 16166: 16161: 16160: 16159: 16151: 16146: 16145: 16144: 16136: 16135: 16134: 16132:Dealbanisation 16123: 16121: 16117: 16116: 16113: 16112: 16110: 16109: 16104: 16103: 16102: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16076: 16075: 16070: 16065: 16054: 16052: 16046: 16045: 16043: 16042: 16041: 16040: 16028: 16027: 16026: 16016: 16015: 16014: 16002: 15996:May Revolution 15987: 15985: 15976: 15975: 15970: 15969: 15968: 15966:Staples thesis 15963: 15958: 15947: 15945: 15941: 15940: 15938: 15937: 15930: 15929: 15928: 15920: 15919: 15918: 15910: 15905: 15904: 15903: 15891: 15882: 15880: 15870: 15869: 15859: 15858: 15855: 15854: 15851: 15850: 15847: 15846: 15844: 15843: 15842: 15841: 15831: 15822: 15813: 15808: 15802: 15800: 15798:modern history 15789: 15788: 15781: 15768: 15763: 15758: 15757: 15756: 15744: 15742:Paradigm shift 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15715: 15710: 15705: 15696: 15690: 15688: 15684: 15683: 15681: 15680: 15675: 15674: 15673: 15649: 15644: 15639: 15634: 15629: 15623: 15621: 15613: 15612: 15602: 15601: 15598: 15597: 15594: 15593: 15591: 15590: 15589: 15588: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15558: 15557: 15556: 15546: 15545: 15544: 15539: 15529: 15528: 15527: 15517: 15512: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15469: 15468: 15458: 15453: 15444: 15443: 15442: 15435: 15428:Annales school 15424: 15422: 15413: 15412: 15411: 15410: 15405: 15398: 15388: 15382: 15379: 15378: 15366: 15365: 15362: 15361: 15358: 15357: 15355: 15354: 15353: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15341: 15340: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15300: 15299: 15298: 15293: 15291:Constitutional 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15267: 15266: 15254: 15253: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15227: 15214: 15209: 15199: 15197: 15193: 15192: 15190: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15167:Postage stamps 15164: 15159: 15154: 15153: 15152: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15106: 15105: 15095: 15090: 15081: 15066: 15064: 15060: 15059: 15057: 15056: 15051: 15046: 15045: 15044: 15034: 15028: 15026: 15018: 15017: 15005: 15004: 15001: 15000: 14997: 14996: 14994: 14993: 14992: 14991: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14964:Oral tradition 14961: 14960: 14959: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14888: 14886: 14882: 14881: 14879: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14862: 14860: 14852: 14851: 14839: 14838: 14835: 14834: 14827: 14820: 14813: 14805: 14804: 14797: 14796: 14795: 14776: 14775: 14772: 14771: 14768:Historiography 14764: 14763: 14756: 14749: 14741: 14734: 14733: 14731: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14714: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14672: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14635: 14632: 14631: 14624: 14623: 14616: 14609: 14601: 14592: 14591: 14589: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14556:New Chronology 14553: 14547: 14545: 14544:Related topics 14541: 14540: 14538: 14537: 14531: 14529: 14525: 14524: 14522: 14521: 14515: 14513: 14509: 14508: 14505: 14504: 14502: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14486: 14481: 14475: 14473: 14467: 14466: 14464: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14447: 14446: 14441: 14436: 14431: 14421: 14419:Paleomagnetism 14416: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14385: 14383: 14374: 14366: 14365: 14362: 14361: 14359: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14327: 14325: 14321: 14320: 14318: 14317: 14312: 14306: 14304: 14300: 14299: 14297: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14280: 14278: 14271: 14265: 14264: 14262: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14235: 14233: 14227: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14220: 14219: 14217:New Earth Time 14214: 14209: 14208: 14207: 14202: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14171: 14169: 14165: 14164: 14162: 14161: 14156: 14146: 14141: 14126: 14124: 14120: 14119: 14117: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14090: 14088: 14084: 14083: 14081: 14080: 14078:Revised Julian 14075: 14070: 14065: 14059: 14057: 14050: 14044: 14043: 14040: 14039: 14037: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14015: 14013: 14007: 14006: 14004: 14003: 13998: 13996:Lists of kings 13993: 13988: 13986:Canon of Kings 13983: 13977: 13975: 13969: 13968: 13966: 13965: 13964: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13938: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13911:Before present 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13869: 13862: 13856: 13854: 13845: 13843: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13826: 13823: 13822: 13820: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13808: 13807: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13781: 13779: 13775: 13774: 13767: 13766: 13759: 13752: 13744: 13735: 13734: 13732: 13731: 13725: 13722: 13721: 13719: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13706:Social science 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13632: 13630: 13626: 13625: 13623: 13622: 13612: 13602: 13596:Gender Trouble 13592: 13582: 13572: 13562: 13552: 13542: 13532: 13526:The Second Sex 13522: 13512: 13502: 13492: 13482: 13472: 13461: 13459: 13455: 13454: 13451: 13450: 13448: 13447: 13442: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13131: 13129: 13123: 13122: 13120: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12923: 12921: 12915: 12914: 12912: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12870: 12868: 12864: 12863: 12861: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12799: 12797: 12793: 12792: 12790: 12789: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12713: 12711: 12704: 12700: 12699: 12697: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12685: 12684: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12663: 12662: 12652: 12646: 12644: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12636: 12631: 12622: 12621: 12620: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12576: 12571: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12541: 12540: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12518:Invisible hand 12515: 12510: 12505: 12504: 12503: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12472: 12471: 12461: 12460: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12408: 12406: 12402: 12401: 12394: 12393: 12386: 12379: 12371: 12362: 12361: 12359: 12358: 12346: 12334: 12322: 12309: 12306: 12305: 12303: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12285: 12279: 12277: 12273: 12272: 12270: 12269: 12263: 12261: 12257: 12256: 12254: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12242: 12241: 12236: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12195: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12176: 12175: 12174: 12172:social science 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12104:Global studies 12101: 12099:Gender studies 12096: 12091: 12090: 12089: 12084: 12082:social science 12078:Environmental 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12025: 12024: 12019: 12010: 12008: 12004: 12003: 12001: 12000: 11999: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11968: 11967: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11936: 11935: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11904: 11903: 11902: 11892: 11891: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11860: 11859: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11818: 11817: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11791: 11790: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11777:macroeconomics 11774: 11772:microeconomics 11764: 11763: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11736: 11734: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11710: 11707: 11706: 11699: 11698: 11691: 11684: 11676: 11667: 11666: 11664: 11663: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11625: 11624: 11613: 11611: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11577: 11576: 11564: 11558: 11556: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11548: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11494: 11489: 11483: 11481: 11477: 11476: 11474: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11447: 11446: 11436: 11435: 11434: 11429: 11419: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11385: 11384: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11347: 11344:Belles-lettres 11340: 11335: 11330: 11328:Antipositivism 11325: 11320: 11314: 11312: 11308: 11307: 11304: 11303: 11301: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11274: 11272: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11231: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11210: 11205: 11204: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11162: 11160: 11156: 11155: 11148: 11147: 11140: 11133: 11125: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11112: 11102: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11036: 11034: 11030: 11029: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11022: 11020:Time geography 11017: 11012: 11010:Clock reaction 11007: 11006: 11005: 10995: 10989: 10987: 10983: 10982: 10980: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10923: 10921: 10915: 10914: 10912: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10900: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10863: 10861: 10852: 10845: 10844: 10842: 10841: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10812: 10811: 10809:time signature 10806: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10780: 10778: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10763: 10762: 10761: 10751: 10750: 10749: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10713: 10711: 10709: 10708: 10703: 10697: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10690: 10683: 10681:Temporal parts 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10651:Eternal return 10648: 10643: 10638: 10636:Chronocentrism 10633: 10628: 10622: 10620: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10574: 10572: 10570: 10569: 10564: 10558: 10555: 10554: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10547: 10546: 10545: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10515: 10514: 10509: 10508: 10507: 10502: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10476: 10475: 10465: 10464: 10463: 10447: 10445: 10439: 10438: 10436: 10435: 10428: 10423: 10421:Hindu Panchang 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10387: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10365: 10363: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10277: 10275: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10237: 10235: 10226: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10190: 10188: 10184: 10183: 10176: 10175: 10168: 10161: 10153: 10144: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10129: 10118: 10117: 10114: 10113: 10110: 10109: 10107: 10106: 10101: 10100: 10099: 10094: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10068: 10065: 10064: 10054: 10053: 10050: 10049: 10047: 10046: 10045: 10044: 10034: 10029: 10019: 10013: 10010: 10009: 9999: 9998: 9995: 9994: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9970: 9965: 9959: 9957: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9944: 9943: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9899: 9898: 9897: 9885: 9880: 9879: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9858: 9853: 9852: 9851: 9850: 9849: 9827: 9826: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9800: 9799: 9798: 9793: 9792: 9791: 9781: 9776: 9766: 9760: 9758: 9752: 9751: 9749: 9748: 9747: 9746: 9741: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9717: 9715: 9708: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9690: 9685: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9651: 9645: 9642: 9641: 9631: 9630: 9627: 9626: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9580: 9579: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9556: 9551: 9541: 9540: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9502:Charles Darwin 9499: 9493: 9491: 9487: 9486: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9479: 9474: 9472:United Kingdom 9469: 9464: 9462:Modern Germany 9459: 9454: 9448: 9446: 9435: 9434: 9422: 9410: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9381:Thomas Aquinas 9378: 9366: 9361: 9360: 9359: 9354: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9268: 9256: 9251: 9249:Horatio Nelson 9246: 9241: 9236: 9224: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9181: 9179: 9169: 9168: 9158: 9157: 9154: 9153: 9150: 9149: 9146: 9145: 9134: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9105: 9103: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9095: 9094: 9093: 9085: 9084: 9083: 9081:Responsibility 9078: 9069: 9067: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9049: 9048: 9047: 9037: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9022: 9021: 9020: 9012: 9007: 9006: 9005: 8997: 8996: 8995: 8993:New Historians 8990: 8985: 8971: 8965: 8963: 8957: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8949: 8937: 8930: 8923: 8917: 8915: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8907: 8906: 8905: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8881: 8879: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8859:Responsibility 8856: 8851: 8850: 8849: 8839: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8813: 8811: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8801: 8800: 8799: 8794: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8763: 8761: 8754: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8727: 8725: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8715: 8714: 8713: 8705: 8704: 8703: 8693: 8687: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8670: 8669: 8664: 8654: 8648: 8646: 8635: 8623: 8617:Spirit of 1914 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8587: 8577: 8574:Fischer thesis 8563: 8561: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8551: 8550: 8549: 8537: 8529: 8528: 8527: 8517: 8515:Paraguayan War 8512: 8511: 8510: 8500: 8495: 8494: 8493: 8488: 8480: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8462: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8453: 8448: 8441:Napoleonic era 8438: 8433: 8432: 8431: 8419: 8414: 8405:Pre-revolution 8396: 8394: 8390:Coalition Wars 8383: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8373: 8368: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8317: 8316: 8315: 8304: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8292: 8291: 8284: 8276: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8268:historiography 8261: 8260: 8253: 8246: 8238: 8231: 8230: 8220: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8208: 8202: 8200: 8196: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8168: 8166: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8148: 8147: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8126: 8125: 8120: 8110: 8104: 8102: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8088: 8086:Decline thesis 8083: 8076:Ottoman Empire 8073: 8067: 8065: 8061: 8060: 8058: 8057: 8045: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8022: 8021: 8002: 7990: 7985: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7948: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7914: 7913: 7912: 7903:Skeptic School 7888: 7886:Anti-Normanism 7882: 7880: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7872: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7843:Golden Liberty 7839: 7837: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7829: 7828: 7827: 7825:Neo-Bourbonism 7817: 7812: 7805: 7798: 7793: 7786: 7780: 7778: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7753: 7747: 7745: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7719: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7707: 7700: 7695: 7681: 7674: 7667: 7665:Borussian myth 7662: 7654: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7642: 7630: 7618: 7606: 7599: 7587: 7579: 7577: 7573: 7572: 7570: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7553: 7552: 7547: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7526: 7525: 7515: 7510: 7498: 7493: 7487: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7432: 7431: 7421: 7415: 7413: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7386: 7385: 7384: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7334: 7333: 7332: 7315: 7314: 7313: 7303: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7281: 7276: 7275: 7274: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7254: 7253: 7252: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7228: 7216: 7201: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7170: 7165: 7164: 7163: 7155: 7150: 7149: 7148: 7140: 7139: 7138: 7136:Dealbanisation 7127: 7125: 7121: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7113: 7108: 7107: 7106: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7058: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7032: 7031: 7030: 7020: 7019: 7018: 7006: 7000:May Revolution 6991: 6989: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6973: 6972: 6970:Staples thesis 6967: 6962: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6934: 6933: 6932: 6924: 6923: 6922: 6914: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6895: 6886: 6884: 6874: 6873: 6863: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6835: 6826: 6817: 6812: 6806: 6804: 6802:modern history 6793: 6792: 6785: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6748: 6746:Paradigm shift 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6678: 6677: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6627: 6625: 6617: 6616: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6550: 6549: 6548: 6543: 6533: 6532: 6531: 6521: 6516: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6462: 6457: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6439: 6432:Annales school 6428: 6426: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6409: 6402: 6392: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6370: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6295:Constitutional 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6231: 6218: 6213: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6171:Postage stamps 6168: 6163: 6158: 6157: 6156: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6099: 6094: 6085: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6038: 6032: 6030: 6022: 6021: 6009: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5996: 5995: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5968:Oral tradition 5965: 5964: 5963: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5866: 5864: 5856: 5855: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5831: 5824: 5817: 5809: 5808: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5772:Historiography 5768: 5767: 5760: 5753: 5745: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5726: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5693: 5683: 5682:of BBC History 5673: 5661: 5660:External links 5658: 5656: 5655: 5649: 5636: 5612: 5599: 5593: 5580: 5567: 5550:978-0199533091 5549: 5532: 5519: 5510: 5504: 5491: 5455:"Storytelling" 5450: 5444: 5427: 5418: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5379: 5348: 5317: 5306:(2): 365–370. 5290: 5277: 5264: 5251: 5242:Guillory, John 5233: 5220: 5207: 5191: 5178: 5165: 5149: 5126: 5100: 5074: 5039: 5008: 5001: 4983: 4980:. Vol. 6. 4968: 4957:on 3 June 2016 4909: 4891:978-9004253070 4890: 4870: 4840: 4810: 4797: 4789:Ainslie Embree 4781: 4758: 4748:online edition 4735: 4726: 4713: 4695:978-0333422267 4694: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4646: 4630: 4625:978-2847361858 4624: 4610:, ed. (2006). 4603: 4596: 4590:978-0300144246 4589: 4583:. p. 17. 4567: 4561:978-0582484887 4560: 4548:G.M. Trevelyan 4539: 4521: 4477: 4464: 4453:(3): 293–306. 4436: 4425:(2): 169–190. 4409: 4403:978-0745633909 4402: 4384: 4358:978-0333422267 4357: 4319: 4312: 4292: 4286:978-8120731882 4285: 4267: 4261:978-0859896993 4260: 4239: 4204: 4198:978-9088900105 4197: 4179: 4172: 4154: 4139: 4124: 4078: 4071: 4050: 4043: 4022: 4004: 3991: 3977: 3955: 3942: 3930: 3918: 3916:, pp. 158–159. 3905: 3888: 3872: 3865: 3847: 3840: 3822: 3813: 3806: 3788: 3781: 3763: 3756: 3735: 3728: 3710: 3697: 3684: 3655: 3648: 3630: 3601: 3579: 3572: 3554: 3536:978-1412987615 3535: 3515: 3506: 3499: 3481: 3453: 3434: 3403: 3388:Whitney, W.D. 3381: 3372: 3358: 3342: 3327: 3304: 3281: 3263:978-1525558016 3262: 3242: 3225: 3208: 3177: 3171:978-0814781418 3170: 3142: 3136:978-0814781418 3135: 3107: 3100: 3079: 3067:Dictionary.com 3054: 3047: 3019: 3013:978-0814781418 3012: 2984: 2978:978-1405823517 2977: 2959: 2928: 2894: 2868: 2842: 2836:978-1405127479 2835: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2793:History portal 2780: 2777: 2731: 2728: 2704: 2701: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2652:Main article: 2649: 2646: 2627: 2624: 2578: 2575: 2571:historic sites 2566:Public history 2561:Public history 2559:Main article: 2556: 2553: 2508:Gender studies 2504:Gender history 2495:Gender history 2490: 2487: 2478:Main article: 2475: 2472: 2464:nonconformists 2436:Main article: 2433: 2430: 2395:Main article: 2392: 2389: 2387:in the 1960s. 2376:Main article: 2373: 2370: 2349: 2346: 2321:Main article: 2318: 2315: 2307:art in society 2302:social history 2294:Main article: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2237:Gender history 2234: 2232:Ethnic history 2229: 2224: 2214: 2211: 2181:Social history 2176:Social history 2174:Main article: 2171: 2168: 2151:Church History 2142:Main article: 2139: 2136: 2124:Main article: 2121: 2118: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2056: 2050: 2044: 2032: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1987: 1947: 1944: 1919:Jules Michelet 1898: 1895: 1862: 1859: 1833:Main article: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1815: 1812:Gender history 1805: 1802:Social history 1799: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1749: 1742:Modern history 1739: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1685: 1679: 1673: 1649: 1648: 1641: 1640:Areas of study 1638: 1633:William Cronon 1608: 1605: 1597:John H. Arnold 1588:'s 1994 book, 1582:Postmodernists 1574:François Furet 1556:Western Europe 1536:Marxist theory 1515:social history 1497:Annales school 1462:social science 1385:Arab historian 1281: 1280: 1268: 1267: 1260: 1253: 1246: 1239: 1232: 1216: 1193: 1190: 1156:Historiography 1154:Main article: 1151: 1150:Historiography 1148: 1090: 1087: 1057:oral tradition 1038:Annales school 1000: 997: 984:historiography 883:Middle English 717: 714: 633:is considered 580: 579: 568: 556: 546:Manuscript of 544: 534: 524: 518: 512: 501: 485: 476: 475: 473: 472: 465: 458: 450: 447: 446: 445: 444: 431: 414: 413: 410: 409: 404: 399: 397:Post-classical 394: 389: 383: 378: 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 323: 317: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 303: 301:Southeast Asia 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 237: 234: 233: 230: 229: 226: 225: 210:Modern history 207: 189: 175: 169: 164: 163: 160: 159: 156: 155: 137: 132: 127: 125:Historiography 122: 117: 103: 98: 92: 89: 88: 85: 84: 82: 81: 76: 71: 65: 62: 61: 56: 48: 47: 41: 40: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19339: 19328: 19325: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19315: 19314: 19312: 19301:from Wikidata 19300: 19299: 19287: 19283: 19282: 19270: 19266: 19265: 19253: 19249: 19248: 19236: 19232: 19231: 19219: 19216:from Wikinews 19215: 19214: 19202: 19198: 19197: 19185: 19181: 19180: 19168: 19167: 19164: 19158: 19134: 19126: 19124: 19116: 19115: 19111: 19101: 19098: 19094: 19091: 19089: 19086: 19085: 19084: 19081: 19079: 19076: 19074: 19071: 19069: 19066: 19065: 19062: 19055: 19051: 19039: 19036: 19035: 19034: 19031: 19029: 19026: 19023: 19019: 19016: 19014: 19011: 19010: 19007: 19000: 18996: 18982: 18979: 18977: 18974: 18971: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18959:Merton thesis 18957: 18956: 18954: 18949: 18945: 18937: 18934: 18932: 18929: 18927: 18924: 18922: 18919: 18917: 18914: 18912: 18911:Panbabylonism 18909: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18898: 18896: 18892: 18891: 18887: 18886: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18873: 18870: 18868: 18865: 18863: 18860: 18859: 18858: 18855: 18853: 18850: 18842: 18837: 18834: 18833: 18832: 18829: 18828: 18827: 18824: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18801: 18800: 18797: 18793: 18790: 18786: 18783: 18782: 18781: 18778: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18767: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18757: 18755: 18753: 18749: 18741: 18738: 18736: 18733: 18732: 18730: 18728: 18725: 18723: 18720: 18718: 18715: 18714: 18712: 18708: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18692: 18691: 18687: 18685: 18682: 18679: 18675: 18673: 18670: 18668: 18665: 18663: 18660: 18656: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18642: 18639: 18632: 18628: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18587: 18586: 18582: 18581: 18580: 18577: 18571: 18568: 18566: 18563: 18561: 18558: 18557: 18556: 18553: 18551: 18548: 18546: 18543: 18542: 18541: 18538: 18534: 18531: 18529: 18526: 18524: 18521: 18520: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18490: 18488: 18484: 18474: 18473:United States 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18456: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18445: 18443: 18441: 18435: 18427: 18422: 18419: 18415: 18410: 18407: 18403: 18398: 18395: 18393: 18390: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18375: 18371: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18354: 18353:Bolivarianism 18351: 18347: 18342: 18339: 18338: 18337: 18336:Simon Bolivar 18334: 18332: 18329: 18327: 18324: 18322: 18319: 18317: 18314: 18310: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18273: 18268: 18267:Joseph Stalin 18265: 18261: 18256: 18253: 18251: 18248: 18246: 18243: 18241: 18238: 18236: 18233: 18229: 18224: 18221: 18217: 18212: 18209: 18207: 18204: 18202: 18199: 18197: 18194: 18192: 18189: 18187: 18184: 18182: 18179: 18178: 18176: 18170: 18166: 18159: 18155: 18140: 18132: 18131: 18127: 18121: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18111: 18108: 18106: 18103: 18102: 18100: 18096: 18088: 18085: 18084: 18082: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18069: 18067: 18066: 18064: 18062:Post-Cold War 18060: 18052: 18049: 18048: 18046: 18042: 18039: 18038: 18037: 18036:Falklands War 18034: 18032: 18031:Iran–Iraq War 18029: 18025: 18022: 18021: 18019: 18015: 18012: 18011: 18009: 18007: 18004: 18000: 17997: 17996: 17994: 17990: 17987: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17979:Ongoing Nakba 17976: 17973: 17972: 17971: 17968: 17966: 17963: 17962: 17960: 17958: 17954: 17942: 17937: 17934: 17932: 17931: 17927: 17925: 17924: 17920: 17918: 17915: 17914: 17912: 17910:Western Front 17908: 17900: 17897: 17896: 17894: 17892: 17891:Bengal famine 17889: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17878: 17876: 17872: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17844: 17841: 17840: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17830: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17810: 17808: 17806: 17805:The Holocaust 17802: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17785: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17760: 17758: 17756:Eastern Front 17754: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17724: 17722: 17720: 17716: 17708: 17705: 17704: 17702: 17698: 17695: 17694: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17684: 17682: 17680: 17676: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17655: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17646: 17645: 17643: 17641: 17635: 17628: 17623: 17620: 17618: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17592: 17587: 17584: 17581: 17577: 17574: 17571: 17567: 17563: 17560: 17558: 17556: 17552: 17542: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17528: 17526: 17522: 17519: 17518: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17509: 17505: 17502: 17501: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17492: 17488: 17487:Paris Commune 17485: 17483: 17480: 17479: 17477: 17473: 17472:Turning point 17470: 17468: 17465: 17464: 17463: 17460: 17459: 17448: 17445: 17443: 17440: 17439: 17438: 17435: 17433: 17430: 17424: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17407: 17402: 17399: 17398: 17397: 17394: 17393: 17391: 17387: 17383: 17380: 17376:18th and 19th 17374: 17368: 17365: 17361: 17358: 17356: 17353: 17352: 17351: 17348: 17346: 17343: 17341: 17338: 17334: 17331: 17330: 17329: 17326: 17322: 17321:Islamic views 17319: 17318: 17317: 17314: 17310: 17307: 17306: 17305: 17302: 17301: 17299: 17293: 17286: 17285: 17281: 17279: 17278: 17274: 17273: 17269: 17265: 17262: 17255: 17250: 17248: 17243: 17241: 17236: 17235: 17232: 17228: 17221: 17217: 17203: 17200: 17199: 17197: 17193: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17165: 17163: 17161: 17155: 17149: 17146: 17142: 17139: 17138: 17137: 17134: 17132: 17129: 17127: 17124: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17112: 17111: 17110: 17107: 17105: 17102: 17101: 17099: 17097: 17091: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17075: 17074: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17064: 17062: 17058: 17050: 17045: 17044:Ser de España 17042: 17038: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17014: 17009: 17006: 17005: 17004: 17003: 16999: 16995: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16979: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16959: 16956: 16955: 16953: 16949: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16927: 16926: 16923: 16919: 16916: 16915: 16914: 16911: 16905: 16900: 16897: 16896: 16893: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16879: 16877: 16873: 16865: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16836: 16834: 16830: 16822: 16819: 16818: 16817: 16814: 16812: 16809: 16807: 16806: 16802: 16800: 16799: 16795: 16793: 16790: 16788: 16787: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16777: 16775: 16771: 16765: 16762: 16760: 16757: 16754: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16744: 16742: 16740: 16736: 16730: 16727: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16716: 16714: 16712: 16708: 16702: 16701: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16682: 16678: 16676: 16675: 16671: 16669: 16668: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16657: 16656: 16652: 16651: 16649: 16647: 16643: 16635: 16630: 16627: 16623: 16618: 16615: 16611: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16600: 16596: 16592: 16587: 16584: 16582: 16581: 16577: 16576: 16574: 16570: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16547: 16544: 16542: 16539: 16538: 16537: 16534: 16532: 16529: 16527: 16524: 16520: 16517: 16516: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16503: 16498: 16495: 16493: 16490: 16488: 16485: 16484: 16482: 16480: 16476: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16462:Ottoman claim 16460: 16458: 16455: 16453: 16450: 16449: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16442:Prosopography 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16426: 16423: 16422: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16412: 16410: 16408: 16404: 16396: 16395:Trưng sisters 16393: 16391: 16390: 16386: 16385: 16383: 16379: 16376: 16375: 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16359: 16356: 16355: 16353: 16349: 16346: 16345: 16344: 16341: 16337: 16334: 16333: 16331: 16327: 16324: 16323: 16320: 16315: 16312: 16308: 16305: 16304: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16295: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16282: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16269: 16266: 16265: 16263: 16259: 16256: 16255: 16254: 16251: 16247: 16246: 16242: 16241: 16239: 16233: 16228: 16225: 16221: 16216: 16213: 16209: 16204: 16201: 16200: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16187: 16182: 16179: 16178: 16175: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16158: 16155: 16154: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16143: 16142:Habsburg myth 16140: 16139: 16137: 16133: 16130: 16129: 16128: 16125: 16124: 16122: 16118: 16108: 16105: 16101: 16098: 16097: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16074: 16071: 16069: 16066: 16064: 16061: 16060: 16059: 16056: 16055: 16053: 16051: 16050:United States 16047: 16039: 16038: 16034: 16033: 16032: 16029: 16025: 16022: 16021: 16020: 16017: 16011: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15997: 15994: 15993: 15992: 15989: 15988: 15986: 15984: 15983:Latin America 15980: 15974: 15971: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15953: 15952: 15949: 15948: 15946: 15942: 15936: 15935: 15931: 15927: 15924: 15923: 15921: 15917: 15914: 15913: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15900: 15895: 15892: 15890: 15887: 15886: 15884: 15883: 15881: 15879: 15875: 15871: 15864: 15860: 15840: 15837: 15836: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15803: 15801: 15799: 15793: 15787: 15786: 15782: 15780: 15779: 15774: 15773: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15755: 15752: 15751: 15750: 15749: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15706: 15704: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15691: 15689: 15685: 15679: 15676: 15670: 15665: 15662: 15661: 15658: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15624: 15622: 15618: 15614: 15607: 15603: 15587: 15584: 15583: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15576:Transnational 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15555: 15552: 15551: 15550: 15547: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15534: 15533: 15530: 15526: 15523: 15522: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15509: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15467: 15466:Decoloniality 15464: 15463: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15452: 15448: 15447:Historiometry 15445: 15441: 15440: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15417: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15403: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15393: 15392: 15391:Periodization 15389: 15387: 15384: 15383: 15380: 15376: 15371: 15367: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15339: 15336: 15335: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15305: 15304: 15301: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15288: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15265: 15264: 15260: 15259: 15258: 15255: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15232: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15222: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15204: 15201: 15200: 15198: 15194: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15177:Sigillography 15175: 15173: 15172:Prosopography 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15151: 15148: 15147: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15104: 15101: 15100: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15085: 15082: 15079: 15075: 15071: 15068: 15067: 15065: 15061: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15049:Local history 15047: 15043: 15042:Human history 15040: 15039: 15038: 15037:World history 15035: 15033: 15030: 15029: 15027: 15023: 15019: 15015: 15010: 15006: 14990: 14987: 14986: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14958: 14955: 14954: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14889: 14887: 14883: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14863: 14861: 14857: 14853: 14849: 14844: 14840: 14833: 14832: 14828: 14826: 14825: 14821: 14819: 14818: 14814: 14812: 14811: 14807: 14806: 14803: 14802: 14798: 14794: 14793: 14789: 14785: 14784: 14783: 14782: 14778: 14777: 14773: 14769: 14762: 14757: 14755: 14750: 14748: 14743: 14742: 14739: 14735: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14715: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14706:Psychohistory 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14673: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14659:Environmental 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14636: 14633: 14629: 14622: 14617: 14615: 14610: 14608: 14603: 14602: 14599: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14548: 14546: 14542: 14536: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14526: 14520: 14517: 14516: 14514: 14510: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14476: 14474: 14472: 14468: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14445: 14442: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14430: 14427: 14426: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14386: 14384: 14382: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370:Chronological 14367: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14336:Geochronology 14334: 14332: 14329: 14328: 14326: 14322: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14307: 14305: 14301: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14281: 14279: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14269:Geologic time 14266: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14254:Metonic cycle 14252: 14250: 14249:Galactic year 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14236: 14234: 14232: 14228: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14197: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14190:ISO week date 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14172: 14170: 14166: 14160: 14157: 14154: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14139: 14135: 14131: 14128: 14127: 14125: 14121: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14091: 14089: 14085: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14060: 14058: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14045: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14016: 14014: 14012: 14008: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13978: 13976: 13974: 13970: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13943: 13942: 13939: 13936: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13896:Byzantine era 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13867: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13853: 13852:Calendar eras 13849: 13846: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13827: 13824: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13806: 13803: 13802: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13782: 13780: 13776: 13772: 13765: 13760: 13758: 13753: 13751: 13746: 13745: 13742: 13730: 13727: 13726: 13723: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13711:Social theory 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13633: 13631: 13627: 13618: 13617: 13613: 13608: 13607: 13603: 13598: 13597: 13593: 13588: 13587: 13583: 13578: 13577: 13573: 13568: 13567: 13563: 13558: 13557: 13553: 13548: 13547: 13543: 13538: 13537: 13533: 13528: 13527: 13523: 13518: 13517: 13513: 13508: 13507: 13503: 13498: 13497: 13493: 13488: 13487: 13483: 13478: 13477: 13473: 13468: 13467: 13463: 13462: 13460: 13456: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13365:Radhakrishnan 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13132: 13130: 13126:20th and 21st 13124: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12924: 12922: 12918:18th and 19th 12916: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12871: 12869: 12865: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12800: 12798: 12794: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12714: 12712: 12708: 12705: 12701: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12683: 12680: 12679: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12661: 12658: 12657: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12647: 12645: 12641: 12635: 12632: 12629: 12628: 12623: 12619: 12616: 12615: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12569: 12568: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12539: 12536: 12535: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12502: 12499: 12498: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12470: 12467: 12466: 12465: 12462: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12444: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12409: 12407: 12403: 12399: 12392: 12387: 12385: 12380: 12378: 12373: 12372: 12369: 12357: 12356: 12351: 12347: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12333: 12332: 12323: 12321: 12320: 12311: 12310: 12307: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12295:Human science 12293: 12291: 12290: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12280: 12278: 12274: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12258: 12252: 12251:Vegan studies 12249: 12247: 12244: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12231: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12214:Public health 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12148:Philosophies 12147: 12145: 12144:Media studies 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12119:Human ecology 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12029:Anthrozoology 12027: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12014: 12012: 12011: 12009: 12005: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11973: 11972: 11969: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11954:developmental 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11941: 11940: 11937: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11927:public policy 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11909: 11908: 11905: 11901: 11898: 11897: 11896: 11893: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11878:legal systems 11876: 11874: 11873:legal history 11871: 11869: 11868:jurisprudence 11866: 11865: 11864: 11861: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11823: 11822: 11819: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11796: 11795: 11792: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11769: 11768: 11765: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11742: 11741: 11738: 11737: 11735: 11731: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11711: 11708: 11704: 11697: 11692: 11690: 11685: 11683: 11678: 11677: 11674: 11662: 11661: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11623: 11620: 11619: 11618: 11615: 11614: 11612: 11608: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11575: 11574: 11570: 11569: 11568: 11567:Human science 11565: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11553: 11547: 11546: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11499: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11478: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11445: 11442: 11441: 11440: 11437: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11424: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11417: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11379: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11352: 11348: 11346: 11345: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11309: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11283:Environmental 11281: 11279: 11276: 11275: 11273: 11269: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11247: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11215: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11188: 11187: 11186:Language arts 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11163: 11161: 11157: 11153: 11146: 11141: 11139: 11134: 11132: 11127: 11126: 11123: 11111: 11103: 11101: 11093: 11092: 11089: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11067: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11037: 11035: 11031: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11004: 11001: 11000: 10999: 10998:Chronobiology 10996: 10994: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10984: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10932:Arrow of time 10930: 10928: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10920: 10916: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10904:Geochronology 10902: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10869: 10868: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10846: 10840: 10836: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10777: 10772: 10768: 10760: 10757: 10756: 10755: 10754:Wheel of time 10752: 10748: 10745: 10744: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10714: 10712: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10698: 10695: 10689: 10688: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10619: 10615: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10598:Periodization 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10556: 10544: 10543: 10539: 10538: 10537: 10536: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10524:Digital clock 10522: 10520: 10517: 10513: 10510: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10497: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10474: 10471: 10470: 10469: 10466: 10462: 10459: 10458: 10457: 10454: 10453: 10452: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10444: 10440: 10434: 10433: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10358: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10301:Relative hour 10299: 10297: 10296:24-hour clock 10294: 10292: 10291:12-hour clock 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10276: 10274: 10268: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10238: 10236: 10234: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10220: 10216: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10185: 10181: 10174: 10169: 10167: 10162: 10160: 10155: 10154: 10151: 10138: 10130: 10128: 10120: 10119: 10115: 10105: 10102: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10089: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10069: 10066: 10059: 10055: 10043: 10040: 10039: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10027: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10014: 10011: 10004: 10000: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9975: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9963:Merton thesis 9961: 9960: 9958: 9953: 9949: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9915:Panbabylonism 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9896: 9895: 9891: 9890: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9863: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9846: 9841: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9833: 9832: 9831: 9828: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9805: 9804: 9801: 9797: 9794: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9771: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9757: 9753: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9718: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9695: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9683: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9660: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9646: 9643: 9636: 9632: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9591: 9590: 9586: 9585: 9584: 9581: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9561: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9546: 9545: 9542: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9524: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9488: 9478: 9477:United States 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9447: 9445: 9439: 9431: 9426: 9423: 9419: 9414: 9411: 9407: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9375: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9358: 9357:Bolivarianism 9355: 9351: 9346: 9343: 9342: 9341: 9340:Simon Bolivar 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9314: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9277: 9272: 9271:Joseph Stalin 9269: 9265: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9233: 9228: 9225: 9221: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9174: 9170: 9163: 9159: 9144: 9136: 9135: 9131: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9100: 9092: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9070: 9068: 9066:Post-Cold War 9064: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9041: 9040:Falklands War 9038: 9036: 9035:Iran–Iraq War 9033: 9029: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9019: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9004: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8983:Ongoing Nakba 8980: 8977: 8976: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8958: 8946: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8935: 8931: 8929: 8928: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8914:Western Front 8912: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8895:Bengal famine 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8876: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8848: 8845: 8844: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8809:The Holocaust 8806: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8789: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8760:Eastern Front 8758: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8724: 8720: 8712: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8702: 8699: 8698: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8659: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8639: 8632: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8596: 8591: 8588: 8585: 8581: 8578: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8546: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8492: 8491:Paris Commune 8489: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8476:Turning point 8474: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8443: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8428: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8411: 8406: 8403: 8402: 8401: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8384: 8380:18th and 19th 8378: 8372: 8369: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8356: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8338: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8330: 8326: 8325:Islamic views 8323: 8322: 8321: 8318: 8314: 8311: 8310: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8303: 8297: 8290: 8289: 8285: 8283: 8282: 8278: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8266: 8259: 8254: 8252: 8247: 8245: 8240: 8239: 8236: 8232: 8225: 8221: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8197: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8159: 8153: 8150: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8115: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8095: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8078: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8062: 8054: 8049: 8048:Ser de España 8046: 8042: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8018: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8008: 8007: 8003: 7999: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7963: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7931: 7930: 7927: 7923: 7920: 7919: 7918: 7915: 7909: 7904: 7901: 7900: 7897: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7869: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7834: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7806: 7804: 7803: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7791: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7775: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7758: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7740: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7712: 7706: 7705: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7686: 7682: 7680: 7679: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7660: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7647: 7639: 7634: 7631: 7627: 7622: 7619: 7615: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7574: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7507: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7466:Ottoman claim 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7446:Prosopography 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7400: 7399:Trưng sisters 7397: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7324: 7319: 7316: 7312: 7309: 7308: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7258: 7255: 7251: 7250: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7237: 7232: 7229: 7225: 7220: 7217: 7213: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7191: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7179: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7147: 7146:Habsburg myth 7144: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7122: 7112: 7109: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7054:United States 7051: 7043: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7036: 7033: 7029: 7026: 7025: 7024: 7021: 7015: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6987:Latin America 6984: 6978: 6975: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6904: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6868: 6864: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6786: 6784: 6783: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6689: 6683: 6680: 6674: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6662: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6611: 6607: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6580:Transnational 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6551: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6538: 6537: 6534: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6513: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6471: 6470:Decoloniality 6468: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6452: 6451:Historiometry 6449: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6421: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6395:Periodization 6393: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6375: 6371: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6269: 6268: 6264: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6198: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6181:Sigillography 6179: 6177: 6176:Prosopography 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6053:Local history 6051: 6047: 6046:Human history 6044: 6043: 6042: 6041:World history 6039: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6014: 6010: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5848: 5844: 5837: 5836: 5832: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5811: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5766: 5761: 5759: 5754: 5752: 5747: 5746: 5743: 5737: 5730: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5696:Larned, J. N. 5694: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5663: 5652: 5650:85-7164-837-9 5646: 5642: 5637: 5624: 5620: 5619: 5613: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5590: 5586: 5581: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5556: 5552: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5533: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5516: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5497: 5492: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5451: 5447: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5428: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5352: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5287: 5281: 5274: 5268: 5261: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5237: 5230: 5224: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5188: 5182: 5175: 5169: 5162: 5158: 5153: 5147: 5143: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5043: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5004: 4998: 4994: 4987: 4979: 4972: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4913: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4874: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4829:on 1 May 2011 4828: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4807: 4801: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4775: 4772: 4768: 4765:J.D. Hughes, 4762: 4756: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4730: 4723: 4717: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4660: 4649: 4647:9782847363623 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4592: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4563: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4474: 4468: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4440: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4405: 4399: 4395: 4388: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4334: 4323: 4315: 4313:85-7164-837-9 4309: 4305: 4302: 4296: 4288: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4200: 4194: 4190: 4183: 4175: 4169: 4165: 4158: 4150: 4143: 4135: 4128: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4083: 4074: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4055: 4046: 4040: 4036: 4029: 4027: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4001: 3995: 3988: 3981: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3959: 3952: 3946: 3939: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3915: 3909: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3885: 3882: 3876: 3868: 3866:9789839541533 3862: 3858: 3851: 3843: 3837: 3833: 3826: 3817: 3809: 3803: 3799: 3792: 3784: 3782:9780881338348 3778: 3774: 3767: 3759: 3757:9780881338348 3753: 3749: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3729:9780231160483 3725: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3701: 3694: 3688: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3660: 3651: 3645: 3641: 3634: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3586: 3584: 3575: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3519: 3510: 3502: 3496: 3492: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3438: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3407: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3392: 3385: 3376: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3355: 3349: 3347: 3340: 3331: 3315: 3308: 3292: 3285: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3255: 3254: 3246: 3238: 3237: 3229: 3221: 3220: 3212: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3181: 3173: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3158: 3153: 3146: 3138: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3111: 3103: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3084: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3050: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3023: 3015: 3009: 3006:. p. 6. 3005: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2988: 2980: 2974: 2970: 2963: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2901: 2899: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2838: 2832: 2828: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2783: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2756:United States 2752: 2750: 2746: 2736: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2713: 2711: 2710:world history 2700: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2659:Pseudohistory 2655: 2654:Pseudohistory 2648:Pseudohistory 2645: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2604: 2600: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2486: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2429: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2408: 2404: 2403:Human history 2398: 2388: 2386: 2385:Silent Spring 2379: 2372:Environmental 2369: 2366: 2359: 2355: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2297: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2272:Urban history 2270: 2268: 2267:Rural history 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2257:Labor history 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2222:Black history 2220: 2219: 2218: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2167: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2145: 2135: 2132: 2127: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2096: 2093: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1894: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1858: 1855: 1854:dating system 1851: 1847: 1842: 1836: 1835:Periodization 1819: 1818:World history 1816: 1813: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1796:pseudoscience 1793: 1792:Pseudohistory 1790: 1787: 1786:Psychohistory 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1756:Naval history 1753: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1637: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409:communication 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1279: 1277: 1274:; the fifth, 1273: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1213: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1199: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1123:Western world 1120: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1100:Human history 1096: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1012: 1011: 1005: 996: 994: 990: 986: 985: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 912:Francis Bacon 909: 904: 900: 899: 894: 890: 889: 888:Ancrene Wisse 884: 880: 875: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 797: 793: 789: 788:Homeric Hymns 779: 778: 773: 767: 761: 755: 746: 745:Ancient Greek 742: 738: 730: 726: 722: 713: 711: 707: 703: 702: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 639:umbrella term 636: 632: 627: 625: 620: 617:which uses a 616: 612: 608: 605: 598: 594: 591: 590:Ancient Greek 587: 577: 573: 569: 567: 566: 561: 557: 555: 554: 549: 545: 543: 539: 535: 533: 532:Rajatarangini 529: 525: 523: 522:Codex Mendoza 519: 517: 514:Books of the 513: 511: 510: 505: 502: 500: 499: 494: 490: 487: 486: 482: 471: 466: 464: 459: 457: 452: 451: 449: 448: 442: 432: 429: 418: 417: 416: 415: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 384: 381: 376: 375: 368: 365: 363: 362:Edward Gibbon 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 324: 321: 315: 314: 307: 306:The Caribbean 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 291:South America 289: 287: 284: 282: 281:North America 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 238: 232: 231: 223: 219: 215: 211: 208: 205: 201: 197: 193: 190: 187: 183: 179: 176: 174: 171: 170: 167: 162: 161: 153: 149: 145: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 130:Periodization 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 115: 111: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 93: 87: 86: 80: 77: 75: 72: 70: 67: 66: 64: 63: 59: 54: 50: 49: 46: 43: 42: 38: 37: 34: 30: 26: 22: 21:Human history 19296: 19279: 19262: 19245: 19228: 19211: 19199:from Commons 19194: 19177: 19156: 18888: 18690:The Simpsons 18688: 18635:Other topics 18583: 18560:Christianity 18550:Resurrection 18181:Adolf Hitler 18010:Six-Day War 18006:Algerian War 17977: / 17936:Vichy France 17928: 17921: 17831: / 17719:World War II 17615: / 17282: 17275: 17077:Ghaza thesis 17000: 16976: 16962:White legend 16960: / 16958:Black legend 16913:Soviet Union 16803: 16796: 16784: 16747:Great Famine 16724:Indocentrism 16698: 16679: 16672: 16665: 16653: 16599:Grand Siècle 16597: 16578: 16546:Sinocentrism 16407:Ancient Rome 16387: 16245:Aryan Kartli 16243: 16035: 15998: / 15932: 15829:19th century 15827: / 15818: / 15783: 15776: 15775: / 15770: 15746: 15720: / 15694:Black legend 15652:Historiology 15449: / 15437: 15400: 15338:Quantitative 15261: 15257:Intellectual 15223: / 15219: / 15205: / 15203:Anthropology 15157:Phaleristics 15150:preservation 15145:Oral history 15086: / 15072: / 15054:Microhistory 14829: 14822: 14815: 14808: 14800: 14799: 14790: / 14786: 14779: 14722: 14691:Postcolonial 14686:Microhistory 14681:Macrohistory 14499:Stratigraphy 14444:Uranium–lead 14414:Lichenometry 14212:Winter count 14195:Mesoamerican 14123:Astronomical 13941:Mesoamerican 13926:Sothic cycle 13901:Seleucid era 13886:Bosporan era 13874: / 13864: 13812:Paleontology 13799: 13614: 13604: 13594: 13584: 13574: 13564: 13554: 13544: 13534: 13524: 13514: 13504: 13494: 13484: 13474: 13464: 12884:Guicciardini 12867:Early modern 12703:Philosophers 12677:Conservatism 12672:Confucianism 12660:Distributism 12593:Social norms 12581:Sittlichkeit 12567:Ressentiment 12513:Institutions 12491:Human nature 12480: 12353: 12329: 12317: 12287: 12094:Food studies 12034:Area studies 11820: 11787:mathematical 11782:econometrics 11740:Anthropology 11658: 11622:Philistinism 11617:Antihumanism 11571: 11543: 11529:Nova Religio 11496: 11414: 11394:Hermeneutics 11349: 11342: 11180: 11166:Anthropology 11072:Time capsule 11066:Tempus fugit 11064: 10986:Other fields 10685: 10666:Perdurantism 10588:Calendar era 10566: 10540: 10533: 10519:Cuckoo clock 10456:astronomical 10430: 10256:Unit of time 10187:Key concepts 9892: 9694:The Simpsons 9692: 9639:Other topics 9587: 9564:Christianity 9554:Resurrection 9185:Adolf Hitler 9014:Six-Day War 9010:Algerian War 8981: / 8940:Vichy France 8932: 8925: 8835: / 8723:World War II 8619: / 8286: 8279: 8081:Ghaza thesis 8004: 7980: 7966:White legend 7964: / 7962:Black legend 7917:Soviet Union 7807: 7800: 7788: 7751:Great Famine 7728:Indocentrism 7702: 7683: 7676: 7669: 7657: 7603:Grand Siècle 7601: 7582: 7550:Sinocentrism 7411:Ancient Rome 7391: 7249:Aryan Kartli 7247: 7039: 7002: / 6936: 6833:19th century 6831: / 6822: / 6787: 6780: 6779: / 6774: 6750: 6724: / 6698:Black legend 6656:Historiology 6453: / 6441: 6404: 6342:Quantitative 6265: 6261:Intellectual 6227: / 6223: / 6209: / 6207:Anthropology 6161:Phaleristics 6154:preservation 6149:Oral history 6090: / 6076: / 6058:Microhistory 5833: 5826: 5819: 5812: 5804: 5803: 5794: / 5790: 5783: 5716:Macrohistory 5710:HyperHistory 5703: 5640: 5627:. Retrieved 5617: 5603: 5584: 5571: 5559:. Retrieved 5540: 5523: 5514: 5495: 5481:. Retrieved 5462: 5458: 5431: 5422: 5412: 5387: 5382: 5370:. Retrieved 5361: 5351: 5339:. Retrieved 5330: 5320: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5285: 5280: 5272: 5267: 5259: 5254: 5245: 5236: 5228: 5223: 5215: 5210: 5199: 5194: 5186: 5181: 5173: 5168: 5160: 5152: 5134: 5129: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5052: 5048: 5042: 5030:. Retrieved 5021: 5011: 4992: 4986: 4977: 4971: 4959:. Retrieved 4952:the original 4929: 4925: 4912: 4900:. Retrieved 4880: 4873: 4861:. Retrieved 4852: 4843: 4831:. Retrieved 4827:the original 4822: 4813: 4805: 4800: 4792: 4784: 4766: 4761: 4743: 4738: 4729: 4721: 4716: 4704:. Retrieved 4673: 4659: 4637: 4615: 4611: 4599: 4576: 4570: 4551: 4542: 4534:the original 4524: 4494:(1). p. 42. 4491: 4487: 4480: 4472: 4467: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4393: 4387: 4375:. Retrieved 4336: 4322: 4304: 4301: 4295: 4276: 4270: 4251: 4242: 4220:(3): 29–32. 4217: 4213: 4207: 4188: 4182: 4163: 4157: 4148: 4142: 4133: 4127: 4094: 4090: 4062: 4034: 4016: 4007: 3999: 3994: 3986: 3980: 3965: 3958: 3950: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3908: 3900: 3891: 3883: 3880: 3875: 3856: 3850: 3831: 3825: 3816: 3797: 3791: 3772: 3766: 3747: 3719: 3713: 3705: 3700: 3692: 3687: 3675:. Retrieved 3639: 3633: 3626:Google Books 3612: 3604: 3591: 3563: 3557: 3545:. Retrieved 3525: 3518: 3509: 3490: 3484: 3467: 3451:, "History". 3437: 3406: 3389: 3384: 3375: 3353: 3330: 3318:. Retrieved 3307: 3295:. Retrieved 3284: 3272:. Retrieved 3252: 3245: 3235: 3228: 3218: 3211: 3199:. Retrieved 3190: 3180: 3156: 3145: 3121: 3110: 3091: 3070:. Retrieved 3066: 3057: 3033: 3022: 2998: 2987: 2968: 2962: 2950:. Retrieved 2941: 2931: 2919:. Retrieved 2910: 2885:. Retrieved 2881:the original 2871: 2859:. Retrieved 2845: 2826: 2820: 2753: 2741: 2722: 2716: 2714: 2706: 2697: 2685: 2657: 2635: 2608: 2564: 2525:LGBT history 2502: 2499:LGBT history 2483: 2474:Intellectual 2441: 2424: 2422: 2410: 2384: 2381: 2361: 2332: 2326: 2299: 2262:LGBT history 2216: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2147: 2129: 2115: 1922: 1921:in his book 1903:geographical 1900: 1887: 1864: 1838: 1768:Palaeography 1762:Oral history 1652: 1630: 1626:Gerda Lerner 1610: 1594: 1589: 1564: 1543: 1533: 1529:Nazi Germany 1518: 1504: 1482: 1464:rather than 1455: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1429: 1421: 1397:superstition 1383:(1377), the 1378: 1376: 1335: 1329: 1315: 1300: 1291: 1284: 1269: 1236:localization 1224: 1219: 1170: 1165: 1137: 1132: 1109:Homo sapiens 1107: 1098: 1095:Protohistory 1072: 1061: 1054: 1027: 1023: 1015: 1008: 992: 988: 982: 978: 970: 955:storytelling 944: 919: 902: 896: 886: 878: 876: 850: 846: 842: 838: 835:Anglo-Norman 826: 810: 806: 775: 740: 736: 734: 724: 699: 682: 655: 628: 603: 600: 593: 585: 584: 572:oral history 570:Workshop on 563: 562:copy of the 551: 507: 497: 90:Key concepts 57: 44: 33: 19179:Definitions 19078:Hagiography 18839: [ 18799:Early Islam 18653: [ 18545:Historicity 18523:Historicity 18513:Jane Austen 18493:The Beatles 18463:Netherlands 18424: [ 18421:Zhuge Liang 18412: [ 18400: [ 18397:Yuan Shikai 18368: [ 18365:Sun Yat Tse 18344: [ 18307: [ 18270: [ 18258: [ 18255:Jiang Zemin 18226: [ 18214: [ 18206:Che Guevara 17939: [ 17874:Pacific War 17658:Article 231 17648:Reparations 17625: [ 17589: [ 17566:Color books 17555:World War I 17539: [ 17516:War of 1812 17421: [ 17404: [ 17389:(1792–1815) 17360:Sea Peoples 17345:Gallic Wars 17047: [ 17035: [ 17022:Revisionist 17011: [ 17002:Reconquista 16992: [ 16984:Inquisition 16978:Convivencia 16902: [ 16890: [ 16862: [ 16759:Revisionism 16684: [ 16632: [ 16620: [ 16608: [ 16589: [ 16531:Golden ages 16500: [ 16497:Wunu School 16492:Archaeology 16365:Switzerland 16348:Kosovo Myth 16336:Great Union 16317: [ 16302:Philippines 16285:Nationalist 16258:Ages of Man 16230: [ 16218: [ 16206: [ 16184: [ 16172: [ 16008: [ 16005:Revisionist 15897: [ 15834:Renaissance 15699:Coloniality 15667: [ 15655: [ 15647:Historicity 15571:Revisionist 15561:Pop history 15532:Nationalist 15506: [ 15451:Cliometrics 15419:Approaches, 15375:Methodology 15271:Linguistics 15221:Environment 15187:Vexillology 15110:Diplomatics 15093:Chorography 15032:Big History 14984:War diaries 14957:Illuminated 14952:Manuscripts 14937:Hieroglyphs 14817:historicity 14728:Big History 14669:Historicism 14439:Radiocarbon 14114:Dual dating 13973:Regnal year 13951:Short Count 13891:Bostran era 13872:Anno Domini 13805:Big History 13785:Archaeology 13671:Historicism 13500:(1835–1840) 13466:De Officiis 13190:de Beauvoir 13160:Baudrillard 13112:Vivekananda 13102:Tocqueville 13017:Kierkegaard 12833:Ibn Khaldun 12803:Alpharabius 12694:Personalism 12603:Stewardship 12560:Reification 12555:Natural law 12476:Familialism 12442:Culturalism 12355:Wikiversity 12246:Social work 12134:Linguistics 12059:Criminology 11976:criminology 11959:personality 11917:comparative 11895:Linguistics 11888:private law 11745:archaeology 11471:Work of art 11439:Metaphysics 11400:Historicism 11245:Visual arts 11171:Archaeology 11159:Disciplines 11082:Time travel 11060:System time 10967:Time domain 10952:Proper time 10776:use of time 10747:Father Time 10727:Immortality 10717:Ages of Man 10646:Endurantism 10603:Regnal year 10583:Big History 10512:water-based 10411:Solar Hijri 10321:Hexadecimal 10271:Measurement 10233:Chronometry 10219:Measurement 10082:Hagiography 9843: [ 9803:Early Islam 9657: [ 9549:Historicity 9527:Historicity 9517:Jane Austen 9497:The Beatles 9467:Netherlands 9428: [ 9425:Zhuge Liang 9416: [ 9404: [ 9401:Yuan Shikai 9372: [ 9369:Sun Yat Tse 9348: [ 9311: [ 9274: [ 9262: [ 9259:Jiang Zemin 9230: [ 9218: [ 9210:Che Guevara 8943: [ 8878:Pacific War 8662:Article 231 8652:Reparations 8629: [ 8593: [ 8570:Color books 8559:World War I 8543: [ 8520:War of 1812 8425: [ 8408: [ 8393:(1792–1815) 8364:Sea Peoples 8349:Gallic Wars 8051: [ 8039: [ 8026:Revisionist 8015: [ 8006:Reconquista 7996: [ 7988:Inquisition 7982:Convivencia 7906: [ 7894: [ 7866: [ 7763:Revisionism 7688: [ 7636: [ 7624: [ 7612: [ 7593: [ 7535:Golden ages 7504: [ 7501:Wunu School 7496:Archaeology 7369:Switzerland 7352:Kosovo Myth 7340:Great Union 7321: [ 7306:Philippines 7289:Nationalist 7262:Ages of Man 7234: [ 7222: [ 7210: [ 7188: [ 7176: [ 7012: [ 7009:Revisionist 6901: [ 6838:Renaissance 6703:Coloniality 6671: [ 6659: [ 6651:Historicity 6575:Revisionist 6565:Pop history 6536:Nationalist 6510: [ 6455:Cliometrics 6423:Approaches, 6379:Methodology 6275:Linguistics 6225:Environment 6191:Vexillology 6114:Diplomatics 6097:Chorography 6036:Big History 5988:War diaries 5961:Illuminated 5956:Manuscripts 5941:Hieroglyphs 5821:historicity 5465:(1): 1–19. 5157:Reba Soffer 5090:pp. 413–415 5055:(2): 7–23. 4932:(1): 1–32. 4724:(1988) p. 1 4670:... ?" 4333:... ?" 2952:10 November 2921:10 November 2703:Nationalism 2616:Chroniclers 2545:transgender 2311:iconography 1901:Particular 1871:prehistoric 1746:Middle Ages 1682:Art history 1525:Ian Kershaw 1489:imagination 1393:Ibn Khaldun 1370:and a more 1356:Renaissance 1264:credibility 1173:methodology 1083:theoretical 1079:Big History 1063:Archaeology 999:Description 995:from 1669. 918:. For him, 908:Renaissance 872: 1462 865: 1265 858: 1240 823:Old English 739:comes from 710:Ibn Khaldun 658:King Arthur 565:Nihon Shoki 548:Ibn Khaldun 387:Prehistoric 357:Ibn Khaldun 276:New Zealand 271:Middle East 110:anno Domini 19322:Humanities 19311:Categories 19230:Quotations 19133:Multimedia 18952:Technology 18916:Urreligion 18819:Kharijites 18770:Background 18438:Historical 18409:Zhou Enlai 18304:Mao Zedong 18299:Louis Riel 18072:Background 17923:Guilty Men 17865:Uniqueness 17788:Background 17783:Winter War 17707:Background 17640:Versailles 17494:Great Game 17141:Ricardians 17136:Tudor myth 16854:Partitions 16447:Succession 15737:Narratives 15722:Presentism 15678:Philosophy 15498:Humanistic 15386:Case study 15318:Indigenous 15296:Diplomatic 15240:Capitalism 15140:Onomastics 15098:Chronology 14927:Facsimiles 14912:Chronicles 14810:historians 14781:Historians 14701:Postmodern 14644:Conceptual 14034:Vietnamese 13946:Long Count 13881:Anno Mundi 13876:Common Era 13778:Key topics 13771:Chronology 13676:Humanities 13636:Agnotology 13295:Kołakowski 12858:Ibn Tufayl 12838:Maimonides 12782:Thucydides 12777:Tertullian 12732:Lactantius 12627:Volksgeist 12608:Traditions 12422:Convention 12300:Humanities 12234:historical 12167:psychology 12139:Management 11981:demography 11939:Psychology 11922:philosophy 11883:public law 11814:integrated 11432:Quadrivium 11357:Creativity 11323:Aesthetics 11250:Filmmaking 11235:Philosophy 11191:Literature 11152:Humanities 10784:Chronemics 10759:Kalachakra 10671:Presentism 10656:Eternalism 10562:Chronology 10500:mechanical 10451:Main types 10369:Main types 10137:Multimedia 9956:Technology 9920:Urreligion 9823:Kharijites 9774:Background 9442:Historical 9413:Zhou Enlai 9308:Mao Zedong 9303:Louis Riel 9076:Background 8927:Guilty Men 8869:Uniqueness 8792:Background 8787:Winter War 8711:Background 8644:Versailles 8498:Great Game 8145:Ricardians 8140:Tudor myth 7858:Partitions 7451:Succession 6741:Narratives 6726:Presentism 6682:Philosophy 6502:Humanistic 6390:Case study 6322:Indigenous 6300:Diplomatic 6244:Capitalism 6144:Onomastics 6102:Chronology 5931:Facsimiles 5916:Chronicles 5814:historians 5785:Historians 5594:1405823518 5505:0393319598 5445:0333977017 5032:20 January 5002:0231188013 4961:6 December 4863:7 February 4833:7 February 4706:20 January 4678:... ? 4579:. London: 4377:20 January 4341:... ? 4173:0415311977 4072:0195046447 4044:0226239101 3841:1850653569 3807:0691017549 3677:20 January 3649:0140206523 3609:Jack Goody 3573:0415123461 3500:0415056829 3476:B00N6PB6DG 3201:3 December 3101:019285352X 3072:6 December 3048:0814781411 2887:21 January 2861:21 January 2812:References 2630:See also: 2577:Historians 2401:See also: 2317:Diplomatic 1907:continents 1879:Bronze Age 1867:archeology 1474:E. H. Carr 1413:propaganda 1380:Muqaddimah 1368:philosophy 1297:Thucydides 1243:authorship 1186:world view 1182:meta-level 1127:E. H. Carr 1104:experience 1089:Prehistory 1075:culturally 1030:humanities 989:historical 893:John Gower 831:Old French 792:Heraclitus 692:Thucydides 643:Historians 635:prehistory 553:Muqaddimah 332:Thucydides 320:historians 296:South Asia 246:Antarctica 182:Bronze Age 173:Prehistory 106:Common Era 101:Chronology 96:Archeology 19281:Resources 19264:Textbooks 18921:Perennial 18710:Economics 18662:Feudalism 18448:Australia 18196:Aurangzeb 18172:Political 18162:By person 17843:Pius Wars 17638:Treaty of 17297:conflicts 17104:Poor Laws 16967:Hispanism 16844:Sarmatism 16674:Sonderweg 16432:Expansion 16157:Litvinism 15991:Argentina 15825:Long 18th 15708:Dark Ages 15488:Historism 15286:Political 15225:Geography 15162:Philology 15125:Genealogy 15120:Epigraphy 15063:By source 14902:Artifacts 14571:Year zero 14551:Chronicle 14494:Seriation 14429:Lead–lead 14303:Standards 14284:Deep time 14244:Ephemeris 14130:Lunisolar 14094:Gregorian 14087:Gregorian 14048:Calendars 14011:Era names 13981:Anka year 13860:Human Era 13790:Astronomy 13716:Sociology 13666:Historism 13375:Santayana 13345:Oakeshott 13315:MacIntyre 13300:Kropotkin 13275:Heidegger 13128:centuries 13042:Nietzsche 13007:Jefferson 12992:Helvétius 12957:Condorcet 12920:centuries 12904:Montaigne 12727:Confucius 12717:Augustine 12634:Worldview 12528:Modernity 12501:Formation 12178:Planning 12157:economics 12074:Education 11971:Sociology 11949:cognitive 11900:semiotics 11851:political 11809:technical 11794:Geography 11767:Economics 11504:Humanitas 11416:Humanitas 11405:Historism 11367:Criticism 11260:Sculpture 11040:Leap year 10957:Spacetime 10831:Yesterday 10732:Dreamtime 10706:Mythology 10593:Deep time 10505:stopwatch 10480:hourglass 10461:astrarium 10391:Gregorian 10384:Lunisolar 10361:Calendars 10351:Time zone 10224:standards 9925:Perennial 9714:Economics 9666:Feudalism 9452:Australia 9200:Aurangzeb 9176:Political 9166:By person 8847:Pius Wars 8642:Treaty of 8301:conflicts 8108:Poor Laws 7971:Hispanism 7848:Sarmatism 7678:Sonderweg 7436:Expansion 7161:Litvinism 6995:Argentina 6829:Long 18th 6712:Dark Ages 6492:Historism 6290:Political 6229:Geography 6166:Philology 6129:Genealogy 6124:Epigraphy 6067:By source 5906:Artifacts 5688:See also 5490:teaching. 4947:143746040 4849:"H-World" 4367:156592827 4111:0021-8723 3912:Cited in 3895:Cited in 2626:Judgement 2620:annalists 2456:oppressed 2213:Subfields 2202:great men 2138:Religious 2102:Political 1911:countries 1875:Stone Age 1846:Centuries 1570:Karl Marx 1458:great men 1348:Christian 1326:Sima Qian 1322:East Asia 1293:Herodotus 1286:Europeans 1257:integrity 1050:geography 1046:sociology 1042:economics 971:Historian 947:synthetic 819:Old Welsh 815:Old Irish 772:Aristotle 754:romanized 735:The word 716:Etymology 706:Sima Qian 696:chronicle 684:Herodotus 619:narrative 578:, Namibia 504:Mongolian 498:Histories 493:Herodotus 380:Timelines 327:Herodotus 261:East Asia 251:Australia 235:By region 148:secondary 19123:Category 19038:template 18752:Religion 18603:Socrates 18518:Muhammed 18440:rankings 18321:Napoleon 18139:Category 17957:Cold War 17860:Slovakia 17447:Waterloo 17316:Crusades 17261:Military 17109:Scotland 17067:Kemalist 16389:Nam tiến 16384:Vietnam 16374:Ukraine 16332:Romania 16314:Portugal 16240:Georgia 16215:Medieval 16164:Bulgaria 16153:Belarus 16138:Austria 15944:Americas 15912:Morocco 15908:Ethiopia 15687:Specific 15610:Concepts 15515:Leninist 15473:Feminist 15461:Critical 15308:Feminism 15281:Military 15235:Business 15230:Economic 15212:Cultural 15196:By topic 15182:Toponymy 15130:Heraldry 15078:template 15025:By scale 14947:Logbooks 14932:Features 14897:Archives 14696:Politics 14654:Economic 14649:Cultural 14566:Timeline 14404:Ice core 14277:Concepts 14024:Japanese 13956:Tzolk'in 13921:Egyptian 13729:Category 13641:Axiology 13629:See also 13420:Voegelin 13410:Spengler 13385:Shariati 13340:Nussbaum 13325:Maritain 13285:Irigaray 13265:Habermas 13230:Foucault 13215:Durkheim 13117:Voltaire 13082:de Staël 13057:Rousseau 12982:Franklin 12843:Muhammad 12828:Gelasius 12813:Avempace 12796:Medieval 12772:Polybius 12767:Plutarch 12533:Morality 12508:Ideology 12496:Identity 12405:Concepts 12319:Category 12187:regional 12182:land use 12017:business 11986:internet 11944:abnormal 11846:military 11836:economic 11826:cultural 11799:physical 11760:physical 11750:cultural 11555:Academia 11524:Leonardo 11492:Daedalus 11480:Journals 11444:Ontology 11333:The arts 11255:Painting 11201:Rhetoric 11100:Category 10848:Time in 10839:Tomorrow 10701:Religion 10641:Duration 10608:Timeline 10542:Timeline 10341:Sidereal 10209:Eternity 10127:Category 10042:template 9756:Religion 9607:Socrates 9522:Muhammed 9444:rankings 9325:Napoleon 9143:Category 8961:Cold War 8864:Slovakia 8451:Waterloo 8320:Crusades 8265:Military 8113:Scotland 8071:Kemalist 7393:Nam tiến 7388:Vietnam 7378:Ukraine 7336:Romania 7318:Portugal 7244:Georgia 7219:Medieval 7168:Bulgaria 7157:Belarus 7142:Austria 6948:Americas 6916:Morocco 6912:Ethiopia 6691:Specific 6614:Concepts 6519:Leninist 6477:Feminist 6465:Critical 6312:Feminism 6285:Military 6239:Business 6234:Economic 6216:Cultural 6200:By topic 6186:Toponymy 6134:Heraldry 6082:template 6029:By scale 5951:Logbooks 5936:Features 5901:Archives 5623:Archived 5555:Archived 5477:Archived 5366:Archived 5335:Archived 5244:(2015). 5142:Archived 5119:Archived 5093:Archived 5026:Archived 4896:Archived 4857:Archived 4774:Archived 4751:Archived 4700:Archived 4636:(2008). 4516:57570041 4431:25019673 4371:Archived 4250:(2002). 3970:Archived 3940:, p 150. 3928:, p 147. 3671:Archived 3617:Archived 3541:Archived 3445:Archived 3426:Archived 3415:Archived 3394:Archived 3268:Archived 3195:Archived 2996:(2000). 2946:Archived 2915:Archived 2855:Archived 2779:See also 2766:and the 2762:, where 2677:Teaching 2603:Ban Zhao 2541:bisexual 2520:feminist 2432:People's 2348:Economic 2290:Cultural 2120:Military 1883:Iron Age 1578:Feminist 1366:brought 1311:cyclical 1250:analysis 1225:When was 993:historic 920:historia 851:historie 839:historia 807:historia 796:Athenian 760:historíā 741:historía 674:evidence 604:historía 576:Otjinene 441:Category 337:Xenophon 318:Notable 152:tertiary 79:Glossary 19317:History 19157:History 19058:Related 18948:Science 18593:Madonna 18565:Judaism 18528:Judaism 18360:Saladin 18250:Hypatia 18174:leaders 18098:Related 18051:Origins 18014:Origins 17965:Origins 17521:Origins 17467:Origins 17333:Origins 17195:Oceania 17158:British 17096:Kingdom 16739:Ireland 16646:Germany 16354:Sweden 16227:New Age 16203:Ancient 16199:Europe 16195:Croatia 16127:Albania 16120:Eurasia 15922:Rwanda 15620:General 15520:Marxist 15421:schools 15250:Thought 15217:Ecology 14979:Scrolls 14917:Codices 14885:Sources 14824:history 14801:History 14723:History 14676:Marxist 14639:Annales 14576:Floruit 14324:Methods 14185:Iranian 14153:Islamic 14019:Chinese 13830:Periods 13800:History 13795:Geology 13470:(44 BC) 13400:Sombart 13395:Skinner 13380:Scruton 13360:Polanyi 13335:Niebuhr 13320:Marcuse 13255:Gramsci 13250:Gentile 13210:Du Bois 13200:Deleuze 13170:Benoist 13140:Agamben 13097:Thoreau 13087:Stirner 13077:Spencer 13027:Le Play 12977:Fourier 12962:Emerson 12947:Carlyle 12932:Bentham 12909:Müntzer 12879:Erasmus 12853:Plethon 12848:Photios 12808:Aquinas 12742:Mencius 12710:Ancient 12643:Schools 12523:Loyalty 12481:History 12469:Counter 12464:Culture 12432:Customs 12331:Commons 12162:history 12152:science 12087:studies 11821:History 11733:Primary 11719:History 11714:Outline 11610:Related 11545:more... 11427:Trivium 11377:Culture 11351:Bildung 11293:Medical 11278:Digital 11228:Theatre 11181:History 11110:Commons 11033:Related 10947:Instant 10937:Chronon 10919:Physics 10859:Geology 10850:science 10722:Destiny 10567:History 10535:History 10490:sundial 10473:quantum 10416:Chinese 10406:Islamic 10316:Decimal 10311:Chinese 10273:systems 10199:Present 10062:Related 9952:Science 9597:Madonna 9569:Judaism 9532:Judaism 9364:Saladin 9254:Hypatia 9178:leaders 9102:Related 9055:Origins 9018:Origins 8969:Origins 8525:Origins 8471:Origins 8337:Origins 8199:Oceania 8162:British 8100:Kingdom 7743:Ireland 7650:Germany 7358:Sweden 7231:New Age 7207:Ancient 7203:Europe 7199:Croatia 7131:Albania 7124:Eurasia 6926:Rwanda 6624:General 6524:Marxist 6425:schools 6254:Thought 6221:Ecology 5983:Scrolls 5921:Codices 5889:Sources 5828:history 5805:History 5722:GeaCron 5483:24 July 5372:14 July 5069:3377910 4769:(2006) 4746:(2003) 4508:2539326 4234:1775737 4119:2079346 3708:(2005). 3611:(2007) 3547:20 July 3423:p. 2842 3337:ἱστορία 3320:18 June 3297:18 June 3039:102–115 2764:slavery 2533:lesbian 1946:Regions 1932:climate 1850:decades 1829:Periods 1372:secular 1192:Methods 1180:. As a 1129:wrote: 979:history 940:fantasy 928:science 926:(while 903:history 879:history 847:estoire 843:istorie 821:) into 811:History 803:Boeotic 799:ephebes 768: 756:: 749:ἱστορία 737:history 725:History 666:legends 597:ἱστορία 586:History 528:Kalhana 489:Papyrus 392:Ancient 352:Tacitus 342:Sallust 166:Periods 144:primary 74:Outline 45:History 18684:Salons 18486:Others 18453:Canada 18087:Causes 18024:Causes 17999:Causes 17793:Spirit 17727:Causes 17697:Causes 17562:Causes 17531:Causes 17504:Causes 17482:Causes 17413:Causes 17160:Empire 17094:United 17060:Turkey 16875:Russia 16849:Deluge 16832:Poland 16572:France 16370:Taiwan 16343:Serbia 16149:Balhae 16000:Causes 15951:Canada 15885:Egypt 15878:Africa 15402:Tarikh 15323:Labour 15313:Gender 15303:Social 15103:dating 14969:Papyri 14892:Annals 14711:Social 14664:Gender 14372:dating 14168:Others 14134:Hebrew 14029:Korean 13840:Epochs 13661:Ethics 13620:(2010) 13610:(1991) 13600:(1990) 13590:(1987) 13580:(1987) 13570:(1979) 13560:(1976) 13550:(1967) 13540:(1964) 13530:(1949) 13520:(1935) 13510:(1930) 13490:(1756) 13480:(1486) 13425:Walzer 13415:Taylor 13405:Sowell 13390:Simmel 13355:Pareto 13350:Ortega 13260:Guénon 13245:Gehlen 13240:Gandhi 13195:Debord 13180:Butler 13175:Berlin 13165:Bauman 13155:Badiou 13145:Arendt 13135:Adorno 13067:Ruskin 13022:Le Bon 12997:Herder 12972:Fichte 12967:Engels 12937:Bonald 12927:Arnold 12899:Milton 12894:Luther 12874:Calvin 12752:Origen 12722:Cicero 12682:Social 12618:Family 12613:Values 12574:Rights 12538:Public 12486:Honour 12417:Anomie 12412:Agency 12022:public 11964:social 11856:social 11755:social 11466:Wisdom 11398: 11338:Beauty 11311:Themes 11298:Public 11288:Health 11196:Poetry 11050:Moment 11045:Memory 10897:period 10485:marine 10468:atomic 10443:Clocks 10401:Hebrew 10396:Julian 10331:Metric 10204:Future 9688:Salons 9490:Others 9457:Canada 9091:Causes 9028:Causes 9003:Causes 8797:Spirit 8731:Causes 8701:Causes 8566:Causes 8535:Causes 8508:Causes 8486:Causes 8417:Causes 8164:Empire 8098:United 8064:Turkey 7879:Russia 7853:Deluge 7836:Poland 7576:France 7374:Taiwan 7347:Serbia 7153:Balhae 7004:Causes 6955:Canada 6889:Egypt 6882:Africa 6406:Tarikh 6327:Labour 6317:Gender 6307:Social 6107:dating 5973:Papyri 5896:Annals 5647: 5629:2 July 5591: 5561:2 July 5547: 5502: 5442: 5218:(2006) 5204:online 5176:(2008) 5116:p. 415 5067: 4999: 4944: 4888: 4692: 4676: 4668: 4644: 4622: 4587: 4558: 4514: 4506: 4475:(1994) 4429: 4400: 4365: 4355: 4339: 4331: 4310: 4283: 4258: 4232: 4195: 4170: 4117: 4109: 4069: 4041: 3863: 3838: 3804: 3779: 3754: 3726: 3646: 3624:(from 3570: 3533: 3497: 3474: 3274:10 May 3260: 3168: 3133: 3098: 3045: 3010: 2975: 2833: 2555:Public 2512:gender 2489:Gender 2462:, the 2458:, the 2454:, the 2170:Social 2160:, and 1915:cities 1913:, and 1881:, and 1661:, and 1601:Google 1552:Engels 1360:sacred 1048:, and 963:French 959:German 936:poetry 934:, and 932:reason 924:memory 849:, and 794:, the 731:(1896) 698:, the 558:Early 538:Gibbon 439: 407:Future 402:Modern 266:Europe 241:Africa 19247:Texts 19196:Media 18931:Roman 18843:] 18657:] 18570:Islam 18540:Jesus 18428:] 18416:] 18404:] 18372:] 18348:] 18311:] 18274:] 18262:] 18230:] 18218:] 17943:] 17833:Nakba 17629:] 17593:] 17543:] 17425:] 17408:] 17051:] 17039:] 17015:] 16996:] 16951:Spain 16906:] 16894:] 16866:] 16773:Italy 16711:India 16688:] 16636:] 16624:] 16612:] 16593:] 16504:] 16479:China 16321:] 16280:Korea 16275:Japan 16264:Iran 16253:Greek 16234:] 16222:] 16210:] 16188:] 16181:Early 16176:] 16037:Casta 16012:] 15934:Maafa 15901:] 15671:] 15659:] 15510:] 15350:Women 15345:Urban 15333:Rural 15328:LGBTQ 15084:Books 14922:Deeds 14859:Types 14205:Aztec 14149:Lunar 14144:Solar 14138:Hindu 14001:Limmu 13961:Haab' 13916:Hijri 13458:Works 13445:Žižek 13430:Weber 13370:Röpke 13330:Negri 13310:Lasch 13280:Hoppe 13235:Fromm 13225:Evola 13205:Dewey 13185:Camus 13092:Taine 13072:Smith 13062:Royce 13052:Renan 12987:Hegel 12952:Comte 12942:Burke 12889:Locke 12823:Dante 12818:Bruni 12787:Xunzi 12762:Plato 12757:Philo 12737:Laozi 12545:Mores 12457:Multi 12447:Inter 12192:urban 11996:urban 11991:rural 11841:human 11804:human 11724:Index 11223:Music 11218:Dance 11055:Space 10887:epoch 10877:chron 10835:Today 10804:tempo 10799:Music 10661:Event 10495:watch 10379:Lunar 10374:Solar 10346:Solar 10336:Roman 10326:Hindu 9935:Roman 9847:] 9661:] 9574:Islam 9544:Jesus 9432:] 9420:] 9408:] 9376:] 9352:] 9315:] 9278:] 9266:] 9234:] 9222:] 8947:] 8837:Nakba 8633:] 8597:] 8547:] 8429:] 8412:] 8055:] 8043:] 8019:] 8000:] 7955:Spain 7910:] 7898:] 7870:] 7777:Italy 7715:India 7692:] 7640:] 7628:] 7616:] 7597:] 7508:] 7483:China 7325:] 7284:Korea 7279:Japan 7268:Iran 7257:Greek 7238:] 7226:] 7214:] 7192:] 7185:Early 7180:] 7041:Casta 7016:] 6938:Maafa 6905:] 6675:] 6663:] 6514:] 6354:Women 6349:Urban 6337:Rural 6332:LGBTQ 6088:Books 5926:Deeds 5863:Types 5706:items 5341:5 May 5065:JSTOR 4955:(PDF) 4942:S2CID 4922:(PDF) 4902:8 May 4853:H-Net 4614:[ 4512:S2CID 4504:JSTOR 4427:JSTOR 4363:S2CID 4230:JSTOR 4115:JSTOR 2391:World 1503:(cf. 1450:doing 1405:state 1336:Shiji 1318:China 1144:Māori 833:(and 783:ἵστωρ 592: 560:Heian 69:Index 19298:Data 19213:News 19022:list 17617:1917 16629:Lyon 16100:Eras 16019:Peru 15754:list 15701:and 15581:Whig 14788:list 14200:Maya 13935:Yuga 13835:Eras 13817:Time 13440:Zinn 13435:Weil 13305:Land 13290:Kirk 13150:Aron 13107:Vico 13047:Owen 13037:Mill 13032:Marx 13012:Kant 13002:Hume 12747:Mozi 12452:Mono 12260:List 11382:High 10774:and 10737:Kāla 10432:List 10426:Maya 10222:and 10194:Past 10180:Time 10026:list 8621:1917 7633:Lyon 7104:Eras 7023:Peru 6758:list 6705:and 6585:Whig 5792:list 5645:ISBN 5631:2015 5589:ISBN 5563:2015 5545:ISBN 5500:ISBN 5485:2016 5440:ISBN 5374:2018 5343:2020 5034:2021 4997:ISBN 4963:2015 4904:2016 4886:ISBN 4865:2011 4835:2011 4708:2021 4690:ISBN 4642:ISBN 4620:ISBN 4585:ISBN 4556:ISBN 4398:ISBN 4379:2021 4353:ISBN 4308:ISBN 4281:ISBN 4256:ISBN 4193:ISBN 4168:ISBN 4107:ISSN 4067:ISBN 4039:ISBN 3886:(3). 3861:ISBN 3836:ISBN 3802:ISBN 3777:ISBN 3752:ISBN 3724:ISBN 3679:2021 3644:ISBN 3568:ISBN 3549:2022 3531:ISBN 3495:ISBN 3472:ASIN 3322:2024 3299:2024 3276:2022 3258:ISBN 3203:2020 3166:ISBN 3131:ISBN 3096:ISBN 3074:2022 3043:ISBN 3008:ISBN 2973:ISBN 2954:2008 2923:2008 2889:2014 2863:2014 2831:ISBN 2618:and 2549:LGBT 2543:and 2497:and 2460:poor 2416:and 2405:and 2356:and 2344:it. 2110:and 1958:and 1938:and 1848:and 1613:bias 1550:and 1548:Marx 1534:The 1472:and 1415:and 1387:and 1350:and 1229:date 1117:and 949:vs. 874:)". 827:stær 766:lit. 708:and 670:myth 611:past 347:Livy 15748:Pax 13270:Han 13220:Eco 11863:Law 11208:Law 10892:era 10882:eon 10872:age 10251:TAI 10241:UTC 6752:Pax 5467:doi 5463:118 5308:doi 5057:doi 4934:doi 4682:doi 4496:doi 4455:doi 4345:doi 4222:doi 4099:doi 2537:gay 2313:). 1538:of 1466:art 1106:of 942:). 895:'s 837:), 825:as 817:or 727:by 664:or 574:in 550:'s 540:'s 530:'s 491:of 19313:: 18841:it 18655:pt 18426:zh 18414:zh 18402:zh 18370:zh 18346:es 18309:zh 18272:ru 18260:zh 18228:zh 18216:zh 17941:fr 17627:ru 17591:fr 17568:/ 17541:es 17423:ru 17406:fr 17049:es 17037:es 17013:es 16994:es 16904:ru 16892:ru 16864:pl 16686:de 16634:fr 16622:fr 16610:fr 16591:fr 16502:zh 16319:pt 16232:ru 16220:ru 16208:ru 16186:ru 16174:de 16010:es 15899:es 15669:de 15657:es 15508:pt 14136:, 10837:– 10833:– 10246:UT 9845:it 9659:pt 9430:zh 9418:zh 9406:zh 9374:zh 9350:es 9313:zh 9276:ru 9264:zh 9232:zh 9220:zh 8945:fr 8631:ru 8595:fr 8572:/ 8545:es 8427:ru 8410:fr 8053:es 8041:es 8017:es 7998:es 7908:ru 7896:ru 7868:pl 7690:de 7638:fr 7626:fr 7614:fr 7595:fr 7506:zh 7323:pt 7236:ru 7224:ru 7212:ru 7190:ru 7178:de 7014:es 6903:es 6673:de 6661:es 6512:pt 5553:. 5539:. 5475:. 5461:. 5457:. 5438:. 5364:. 5360:. 5333:. 5329:. 5304:84 5302:. 5063:. 5053:18 5051:. 5024:. 5020:. 4940:. 4930:67 4928:. 4924:. 4894:. 4855:. 4851:. 4821:. 4698:. 4688:. 4510:. 4502:. 4492:22 4490:. 4449:. 4423:61 4421:. 4369:. 4361:. 4351:. 4228:. 4218:23 4216:. 4113:. 4105:. 4095:78 4093:. 4081:^ 4053:^ 4025:^ 3899:, 3884:12 3738:^ 3669:. 3658:^ 3594:. 3582:^ 3539:. 3456:^ 3421:. 3361:^ 3345:^ 3266:. 3189:. 3164:. 3162:63 3129:. 3127:24 3082:^ 3065:. 3041:. 2940:. 2909:. 2897:^ 2853:. 2644:. 2539:, 2535:, 2442:A 2196:, 2154:, 1909:, 1877:, 1798:). 1665:. 1657:, 1558:. 1531:. 1446:no 1411:, 1407:, 1391:, 1342:. 1266:)? 1259:)? 1252:)? 1245:)? 1238:)? 1231:)? 1044:, 961:, 869:c. 862:c. 855:c. 845:, 790:, 763:, 751:, 747:: 712:. 495:' 220:, 216:, 202:, 198:, 184:, 150:, 146:, 112:, 19165:: 19024:) 19020:( 18950:/ 17582:) 17578:( 17572:) 17564:( 17253:e 17246:t 17239:v 16755:" 16751:" 15080:) 15076:( 14760:e 14753:t 14746:v 14620:e 14613:t 14606:v 14155:) 14151:( 14140:) 14132:( 13937:) 13933:( 13763:e 13756:t 13749:v 12390:e 12383:t 12376:v 11695:e 11688:t 11681:v 11144:e 11137:t 11130:v 10172:e 10165:t 10158:v 10028:) 10024:( 9954:/ 8586:) 8582:( 8576:) 8568:( 8257:e 8250:t 8243:v 7759:" 7755:" 6084:) 6080:( 5764:e 5757:t 5750:v 5653:. 5633:; 5611:. 5597:. 5579:. 5574:; 5565:. 5531:. 5526:; 5517:. 5508:. 5487:; 5469:: 5448:. 5425:. 5376:. 5345:. 5314:. 5310:: 5071:. 5059:: 5036:. 5005:. 4965:. 4936:: 4906:. 4867:. 4837:. 4710:. 4684:: 4650:. 4593:. 4564:. 4518:. 4498:: 4461:. 4457:: 4451:3 4433:. 4406:. 4381:. 4347:: 4316:. 4289:. 4264:. 4236:. 4224:: 4201:. 4176:. 4121:. 4101:: 4075:. 4047:. 3869:. 3844:. 3810:. 3785:. 3760:. 3732:. 3681:. 3652:. 3628:) 3598:. 3576:. 3551:. 3503:. 3478:. 3432:. 3324:. 3301:. 3278:. 3205:. 3174:. 3139:. 3104:. 3076:. 3051:. 3016:. 2981:. 2956:. 2925:. 2891:. 2865:. 2839:. 2585:. 2547:( 1748:. 1334:( 743:( 607:) 601:( 469:e 462:t 455:v 224:) 212:( 206:) 194:( 188:) 180:( 154:) 142:( 116:) 108:( 31:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.