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the traditions of their fathers; however, daughters were usually raised as
Catholics. Therefore, some Chinese had to convert to Catholicism in order to marry. However, until the end of the 19th century, more than 92% of the Chinese were still following their traditional Chinese religions. Other reasons leading to the increase in Christianity of conversion were the social benefits of being Catholics; local schools also introduced Roman Catholic faith to their students; there were also many similarities in rites shared between Chinese religions and Catholicism which gave them a sense of familiarity; but the major reason is related to the tolerance of the Catholic church who allowed Chinese converts to continue their ancestor worship as it was considered a cultural practice instead of a religious practice. Many Hakka converted due to social pressure and interactions with the Catholic communities; e.g. Catholic neighbours would convince them to convert. Converting to Catholicism also allowed them to send their children to Catholic schools. The rate of conversion speeded up in the early 20th century; it is estimated that 17% of the Chinese were Christians in 1911 and by 1921, 28% of the Chinese and Sino-Mauritians in the country had become Christians.From the 1940s to 1960s, there were also many Catholic missionaries who worked on converting the Chinese and Sino-Mauritians to Catholicism, leading to a significant impact on the increase in the conversion speed. From the 1950s and onwards, Chinese religions re-emerged leading to the construction of more pagodas.By 1980s, 66% of the Sino-Mauritians were Catholic and a small amount converted to Protestantism.
984:), of their (patrilineal), of their Chinese immigrant ancestor (i.e. the first generation Chinese immigrant who arrived to Mauritius) who had his full name turned into a last name during the immigration process. Therefore, when a baby is born in Mauritius (second generation), he is registered with the surname of his father and therefore inherit a three-syllables surname; this pattern of surname is later followed by the subsequent generations. The variation in Sino-Mauritian surname spelling is mostly due to the pronunciation of Chinese names into Latin script. Throughout the immigration process, some Chinese migrants had their first name turned into their surname while others had their Chinese nicknames (e.g. in the form of "
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387:
came to work in textile factories came from all regions of China and some of them decided to remain in
Mauritius instead of returning to China after the completion of their work contract; these Chinese women married Sino-Mauritian men and settled with their families in Mauritius. However, the local Sino-Mauritian community in Mauritius declined in numbers as some decided to immigrate to Canada, the US, and Australia.
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falling student numbers, as more Sino-Mauritians sent their children to mainstream schools, and in the 1970s stopped their weekday classes, retaining only a weekend section. However, their student numbers began to experience some revival in the mid-1980s; in the 1990s, they established a weekday pre-school section. Most of their teachers are local Sino-Mauritians, though some are expatriates from mainland China.
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church in separate cars; the church procession and services are the same as
Catholic Mauritian creole wedding, but not all the Chinese guests attend as many older generations were not Christian and the latter would directly go to the reception hall and wait for the couple to arrive. They also perform the tea ceremony. Some couple consult the
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reluctant to marry with other ethnic communities and started organizing marriage with
Chinese women back home to maintain their community's blood purity, some women even became known as "marriage breakers" as they attempted to break mixed marriage of Chinese men to make them remarry a Chinese spouse. The earliest migrants were largely
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and to introduce them to life in a
Western-ruled colonial society, the traders sent those relatives on their way, with capital and letters of introduction, to establish businesses in neighbouring countries. For example, between 1888 and 1898, nearly 1,800 Chinese departed from Port Louis with ports on the African mainland—largely
1821:(Chinese almanac) to find auspicious dates and time for their tea ceremony to take place while others decide to have the tea ceremony between the church ceremony and the reception hall ceremony which made the couple and bridal party to make a detour to their house to perform the tea ceremony before going to the reception hall.
1302:. Typically, some syncretism occurred, incorporating elements of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and traditional ancestor worship. Sino-Mauritian Christians, especially members of the older generations, sometimes retain certain traditions from Buddhism. Catholics Sino-Mauritians still frequent Chinese pagodas.
1008:. When they walked on streets however, they would wear European shoes and large umbrellas; the wealthy Chinese merchants would carry leather bags. The picture of Ahime Choisanne stored in the Kwan Tee Pagoda in Les Salines shows him wearing formal official uniform of the Qing dynasty (Mandarin robe with
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On the day of the wedding, they offer offerings to their ancestors and the grooms eat 2 hard boiled eggs (symbol of fertility). Their bridal bed needs to be made by 2 women who are considered having a successful and fortunate marriage and who have a son and a daughter; this is followed by a young boy
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Nowadays, many Sino-Mauritians have
Catholic weddings and their wedding celebrations are almost similar to those of the Mauritian Creoles, but they also fuses some form of traditional Confucian or Buddhist traditions involving gift exchange between families and dowry, processions between each other's
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After the 1980s, China reopened up to the world and migration from China to
Mauritius slowly restarted and therefore, the old marriage network of the Hakka was re-established, allowing Hakka women from Meixian to marry the local Hakka Sino-Mauritians. Simultaneously, Chinese women migrant workers who
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During the 1880s, despite the continuous influx of immigrants, Mauritius' Chinese population declined; Chinese traders, legally unable to purchase land in
Mauritius, instead brought their relatives from China over to Mauritius. After training them for a few years to give them a handle on the business
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By 1819, there was already a burial site for the
Chinese community in Mauritius in Port Louis. The early Chinese graves in Mauritius (e.g. those dating from the late 1830s) were made of stones; each gravestone would 3 perpendicular rows of characters engraved on them and coloured in red. Despite the
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are
Catholics, a result of conversions during the colonial era. During the colonial era, some of the earliest converts to Catholicism were Chinese men who married with Christian Creole women. In this form of interethnic marriage, boys born of Chinese men could be baptized but they would still follow
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s readers are in their forties or older; it has subscribers not just in Mauritius, but Réunion, Madagascar, Canada, China, Australia and Hong Kong as well. The paper's local readership has been boosted slightly by guest workers from China, but the circulation barely exceeded 1,000 copies in 2001. By
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in China, are known as 'Fokien', 'Fukien' or 'Hokkien' people in Mauritius; this is in reference of the ancestral province location. Due to their intermarriage with other ethnic groups (mostly creole and Indian), people who are born with mixed ancestral are perceived as "Sino-creoles"; Sino-creoles,
405:
Sino-Mauritians who trace their Cantonese ancestors from the province of Guandong are known as the "Namshun" (南顺) or "Cantonese" in Mauritius. Sino-Mauritian of Cantonese origins in Mauritius have their own separate associations, societies, and events; for example, the Nam Shun Society (Namshun Fooy
1837:
Despite being a minority group in Mauritius, thee Sino-Mauritians and their ancestors have contributed to the social and economic development of the Mauritian community and have influenced the multicultural society of Mauritius. They are a small community which has distinguished themselves from the
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When the couple arrive to the reception hall, string of red firecrackers are set. The couple and their bridesmaid walk round the hall and food is served. Speeches and toasts are not very common. There is also a cake cutting moment and following this event, the guests start to disperse. Most Chinese
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The Mauritian constitution recognizes only four communities, classified according to both origins and religions, which includes "Sino-Mauritian" (who originate from China) and the "General population". The "General population" category include 1. Descendants of European settlers and Creole people,
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Nowadays, a majority of Sino-Mauritians also identify as Catholic Christians. Other Sino-Mauritians are Protestant. Despite their identifying as Catholics, there is however a long tradition of religious parallelism among the Sino-Mauritian families, and as such, elements of Chinese religions still
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is consumed all over the island by people of all backgrounds. Fried noodles is one of the most popular dishes. Mauritians from all ethnic origin and background also enjoy the various vegetables and meat balls (Niouk Yen, Sow Mai, Van Yen, Fee Yen) which originate from the Hakka cuisine in Meixian.
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The bride typically wears a white dress and her father helps place a headdress and a veil on her; the groom's mother gives a new set of gold jewelry to his new daughter-in-law as dowry when the groom's party goes to pick up the bride. The mother of the bride gives her a bouquet and they go to the
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in Hakka). There were numerous reasons for their arrival in Mauritius, including their desire to escape starvation or seek fortune. During that period of time, Chinese women were allowed to come in Mauritius and contributed to an increase growth of the Chinese community; moreover, the Hakka were
976:; this is the result of surname alternation during the administrative process of the past Chinese immigration system to Mauritius, often happened through the stop over in Hong Kong during the Colonial period. Most Sino-Mauritians use the full Chinese name, which includes the Chinese surname (姓;
234:
In 1829, the British brought a group of Chinese migrants to work on sugar plantations; harsh working conditions the Chinese migrants to start a failed revolt. Between 1840 and 1843 alone, 3,000 Chinese contract workers arrived on the island. By 1846, it is estimated that an influx of 50 Chinese
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cadres on 20 October 1941, grew to enroll 500 students, but by the end of the 1950s, that had shrunk to just 300; they stopped classes entirely in the 1960s, although their alumni association remains prominent in the Sino-Mauritian community. The Chinese Middle School also faced the problem of
625:
Two Chinese-medium middle schools were established in the first half of the 20th century. The Chinese Middle School (华文学校, later called 新华中学 and then 新华学校) was established on 10 November 1912 as a primary school; in 1941, they expanded to include a lower middle school. Their student population
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as their ancestral language although only fewer than one-quarter of census respondents who identified Chinese as their ancestral language also indicated it as the language spoken in the home. Few Sino-Mauritian youth speak Chinese; those who do use it primarily for communication with elderly
230:
province. Most of these migrants from Fujian were merchants and therefore according to the law they were not allowed to bring their families with them, were not allowed to buy lands unless they abandoned their Chinese citizenship and adopted British citizenship; therefore, this led to many
1929:
Firecrackers which is traditionally used in Chinese culture are used during major festivals of Mauritians, including those of non-Chinese origins, e.g. Gregorian New Year, Divali and Christmas. Firecrackers are also set-off on the eve of the Gregorian-calendar based New Year's Eve.
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and French orally, while English—the language of administration and education—remains primarily a written language. In the 1990 census, roughly one-third of Sino-Mauritians stated Mauritian Creole as both their ancestral and currently spoken language. The other two-thirds indicated
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arrived in Mauritius to marry the local Hakka Chinese men in Mauritius. Until 1997, investors and merchants from Hong Kong were encouraged to come to Mauritius to start their own trading business but only few people from Hong Kong permanently migrated to Mauritius.
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During the colonial period, the Chinese migrants who came to Mauritius were known to be "clanish" in nature. The 3 main Chinese subgroups (Fukien, Namshun, and Hakka) in Mauritius each had their own recognized leaders. Recognized leaders during that period were:
477:
Today, most Sino-Mauritians are businesspeople, with a "virtual monopoly" on retail trade. After the Franco-Mauritian population, they form the second-wealthiest group on the island. They own restaurants, retail and wholesale shops, and import-and-export firms.
327:
By 1901, the Sino-Mauritian population had shrunk to 3,515 individuals, among them 2,585 being business owners. The 1921 census in Mauritius counted that Indian women there had a total of 148 children fathered by Chinese men. These Chinese were mostly traders.
294:
women due to both a lack of Chinese women and the higher numbers of Indian women on the island. From the late 1800s to the mid-1900s, a third wave of Chinese migrants came to Mauritius. This time, most of them were Hakka Chinese from the region of
316:(modern-day Guangdong), came to dominate numerically; as in other overseas Chinese communities, rivalry between Hakka and Cantonese became a common feature of the society. The Hakka-Cantonese tensions led to the resettlement of many Cantonese in
1342:
Pagodas also shelter ancestral cult altars and ancestral tablets. Following Chinese tradition, religious services are typically conducted one week after death at the Pagoda and the ancestral tablet of the deceased with his name written in
1320:(Kwan Tee; the god of wealth, also the god of war and the righteous and the benefactor) is an important deity for Sino-Mauritians, especially for those working in the business field. In Chinese Pagodas, altars can also be found for
379:. Foreign investors from Hong Kong and Taiwan, and the factories they built in the EPZs, helped Mauritius to become the third-largest exporter of woollen knitwear in the world. Along with the investors came a new influx of Chinese
639:
Four Chinese-language newspapers continued to be published in Mauritius as of 2014. A monthly news magazine also began publication in 2005. The newspapers are printed in Port Louis, but not widely distributed outside the city.
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relatives, especially those who did not attend school and thus had little exposure to English or French. None use it to communicate with their siblings or cousins. Among those members of the community who do continue to speak
1305:
The Catholic Church of Mauritius also recognise the dual religion system practice by the Sino-Mauritians to preserve their distinct traditions, including ancestral worship which remains a significant aspect of their everyday
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Brautigam, Deborah (2003), "Local Entrepreneurship in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa: Networks and Linkages to the Global Economy", in Aryeetey, Ernest; Court, Julius; Weder, Beatrice; et al. (eds.),
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Chinese cuisine is an integral part of Mauritian cuisine. Mauritians, regardless of their origins, appreciate Chinese cuisine and consume Chinese food; the most common Chinese dishes consumed by Mauritians are:
826:
734:(镜报) was established in 1976. It is published on a weekly basis every Saturday. At its peak, they had a staff of eight people. Their editor-in-chief, Mr. Ng Kee Siong (黄基松), began his career at the
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has likely been valued, preserved, and transmitted from generation to generation. Sino-Mauritians are also observed to have deep knowledge on the preparation and administration of herbal remedies.
465:
Descendants of Chinese migrants who married with a member of a non-Chinese community in Mauritius, e.g. descendants of the Fukien male migrants who married women of a non-Chinese ethnic community.
694:(formerly 中国时报; now 华侨时报) was founded in 1953. The editor-in-chief, Long Siong Ah Keng (吴隆祥), was born in 1921 in Mauritius; at age 11, he followed his parents back to their ancestral village in
2135:
Most ancestors of Sino-Mauritans were originally from Southern China, and therefore Standard Mandarin was not an ancestral language of any Sino-Mauritians. Standard Mandarin is taught in schools
1332:(the God of Good Fortune). The goddess Mazu is usually prayed by Sino-Mauritians to seek for protection for their relatives who travel abroad and to wish for their safe and good return home.
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New Homelands: Hindu Communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Fiji, and East Africa: Hindu Communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Fiji, and East Africa
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1993:
Dick Christophe Ng Sui WA: Barrister and politician. Chairman of ICT Regulatory Authority of Mauritius. Former Commissioner of the Independent Police Complaints Commission. 2018-2019.
262:
By the 1860s, shops run by Sino-Mauritians could be found all over the island. Some members of the colonial government thought that further migration should be prohibited, but Governor
259:
and came to Mauritius to work through the British colonial network, while others were merchants and craftsmen. These migrants were known as the Cantonese and Namshun (南顺) in Mauritius.
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1757:
which impact their daily lives. For example, the number 4 (四 si) continues to be associated with its homonym death (死 si), and therefore is considered an unlucky number to be avoided.
818:
Some Chinese legends and stories continue to persist and to be transmitted in the Sino-Mauritian community due to their associations with the major festivals in which they partake in.
867:
Sino-Mauritians continue to perform some traditional Chinese dances, like the dragon dance. The lion dance and dragon dance holds an important place in the Sino-Mauritian culture.
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2941:
335:, but with the strain on the local economy's ability to absorb them, many found that Mauritius would only be their first stop; they went on to the African mainland (especially
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on birthday celebrations. Despite being one of the smallest community in Mauritius, Sino-Mauritian cuisine is the most present in the restaurants throughout the island.
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Chinese and Sino-Mauritians working in retail trail provided basic necessities and staple food to the Mauritian community, they created a micro-credit system with the
1733:
Fengshui is important to the Sino-Mauritian community and their ancestors. The site location of the first pagoda in Mauritius, Kwan Tee Pagoda, was based on Fengshui.
1787:
Pagoda at Les Salines, which is the oldest Chinese pagoda in Mauritius and in the Southern hemisphere. Port Louis also houses one of the oldest Chinatowns in Africa.
875:
Chinese martial arts are practiced within the Sino-Mauritian community and are no more exclusive to their community in Mauritius. Some of these martial arts are:
783:. It began as a daily newspaper solely in Chinese, but then changed to an eight-page format, including one page each of English and French news. It mostly prints
676:
newspaper. It was founded in 1932. The rivalry between Beijing-friendly and Taipei-friendly newspapers reached its peak in the 1950s; then-editor-in-chief of the
912:
Most Chinese immigrants who came to Mauritius during the colonial period easily rebuilt their clan network in Mauritius; these clan networks came to function as
2559:
1050:
and localization of Chinese cuisine. Sino-Mauritians also follow and/or have maintained some Chinese food traditions and customs. For example, the tradition of
516:, wide divergence with Meixian Hakka has developed in terms of vocabulary and phonology. Other of varieties of Chinese spoken in Mauritius aside Hakka are:
738:
in 1942 at the age of 25. After 18 years there, the paper was forced to shut down. He and a team of fellow journalists founded a paper to replace it, the
266:, recognizing the role that Sino-Mauritians played in providing cheap goods to less well-off members of society, resisted the restrictionists' lobbying.
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2027:: National badminton player; Sportswoman of the Year, 2004 and 2009; Ranked number one badminton player in the African continent on several occasions
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Chinese martial arts (Wushu, Kungfu, and Taichi) in Mauritius is no more exclusive to the Sino-Mauritians and are now practiced by many Non-Chinese.
4088:
3199:
1723:
majority of Sino-Mauritians identifying as Catholics, some Sino-Mauritian families still preserve traditional Chinese funeral rites and traditions.
906:
654:(华侨商报) was once the largest and most influential Chinese-language newspaper in Mauritius. It stopped publishing in the 1960s, and merged with the
3902:
231:
intermarriages with women of the Creole and Indian communities in order to build their own families or buy land under the name of their spouses.
211:
on board British, French, and Danish ships; they found employment as blacksmiths, carpenters, cobblers, and tailors, and quickly formed a small
3374:
2078:
4784:
222:
The first wave of migration from China to Mauritius occurred in the early 1800s, the Chinese migrants who came to Mauritius were mainly from
1809:
Traditionally, the parents of the bride throw a dinner party approximately one week before the wedding for her close relatives and friends.
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4278:
Eriksen, Thomas Hylland (2004), "Ethnicity, class, and the 1999 Mauritian riots", in May, Stephen; Modood, Tariq; Squires, Judith (eds.),
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Koon; 南顺会馆) in Port Louis. The Nam Shun society is an association for the Sino-Mauritians whose ancestors mainly originated from Nam Hoi (
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The surname of Sino-Mauritians are typically composed of 2 or 3 syllables-long instead of being one-syllable long as found in typical
920:
for the Chinese immigrants and their descendants. Chinese Societies and clan associations continue to exist in present-day Mauritius.
4707:
3009:
4583:
4206:
Eisenlohr, Patrick (2004), "Register levels of Ethno-National Purity: The ethnicization of language and community in Mauritius",
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For the one-month-old celebration of a Sino-Mauritian baby, the parents and the grandparents of the child make offerings to the
750:, was also solicited to lend a hand. The paper is printed by Dawn Printing, which is currently run by Ng Kee Siong's son David.
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1863:(lit. "shop notebook") to sell food on credit for their customers who would their arrears during the sugarcane harvest season.
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Like members of other communities on the island, some of the earliest Chinese in Mauritius arrived involuntarily, having been "
3274:
1772:
190:; however, they soon went on strike to protest their kidnapping. The authorities responded by deporting them back to Sumatra.
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324:. By the end of the 19th century, the Hakkas became the dominant group outnumbering the Cantonese and Fukienese together.
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2005:: Architect. Past Secretary General of African Union of Architects. Past President of International Union of Architects
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throughout the island. In 2013, there were 11 pagodas in Mauritius all found in Port Louis. Port Louis also houses the
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and returned to Mauritius. He left Mauritius again in 1952 to work for a Chinese paper in India, but a position at the
359:
Between the 1950s and 1980s, there was a considerable reduction of contacts with China due to the establishment of the
187:
5271:
3669:
3309:
1351:, descendants of the deceased can practice the ancestral rites before the Ancestral tablets as a sign of respect.
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in their surname rely on oral transmission from generations to generations to be aware of their ancestral surname.
3738:"'Being Chinese' in Mauritius and Madagascar: Comparing Chinese diasporic communities in the western Indian Ocean"
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Natural remedies (local or imported from China) are still used in the Sino-Mauritian community in Mauritius where
801:
Nowadays, the Sino-Mauritians is a minority community in Mauritius which is facing numerous challenges, including
235:
migrants came to Mauritius per year. By mid-century, the total resident Chinese population reached five thousand.
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Sino-Mauritian, like all Mauritians regardless of their origins, celebrates on the Gregorian calendar-based
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746:. Another editor and journalist, Mr. Poon Yune Lioung POON YOW TSE (冯云龙), who studied foreign languages at
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other communities in Mauritius by being pioneers and being an indispensable part of the economic entity.
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742:. It was while working there that he met Chu Vee Tow and William Lau, who would help him to establish
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1976:曾繁兴: Cabinet Minister, 1995–2000; as a poet, Tsang has written a number of poems on the Hakka culture
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In the 1780s, thousands of voluntary Chinese migrants (estimated to be more than 3,000) set sail for
5650:
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Chinese legends and stories which continue to persist within the Sino-Mauritian community, include:
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Sino-Mauritians continued to maintain the personal ethnic networks connecting them to relatives in
3111:
1070:(Chinese almanac) to find auspicious dates and time for diverse events in their lives, including:
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and the loss of ancestral values; with the young Sino-Mauritians losing their Chinese identity.
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3959:"An ethnopharmacological survey of natural remedies used by the Chinese community in Mauritius"
1970:朱梅麟: First Chinese Cabinet Minister, 1967–1976; First Chinese Member, Legislative Council, 1949
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3275:"[Video] Fête de La Lune ou Fête de la mi-automne : une histoire d'amour éternel"
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219:, in Port Louis. Even after the British takeover of the island, migration continued unabated.
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1973:
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in the Mauritian demographic census despite being a subgroup of the Sino-Mauritian community.
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363:; nearly all Chinese migration from China was stopped. During this period, Hakka women from
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3826:"Mauritius, Religion And Social Profile | National Profiles | International Data | TheARDA"
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Children born of a Mauritian of non-Chinese origin who married a Chinese spouse from China
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4990:
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2665:. Nelson Mandela Centre for African Culture, Ministry of Arts & Culture. p. 41.
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4089:"MasterChef's Brendan Pang on multicultural food and the recipe to dumpling perfection"
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2769:. Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce, Evelyn Hu-DeHart. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 2006.
2501:. Vol. 1 of European expansion and indigenous response, v. 1. BRILL. p. 199.
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In a 2001 Business Magazine survey, 10 of the 50 largest companies were Chinese owned.
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1328:(also known as Tin Hao; the goddess of the sea and the protector of sailors), the God
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which are shared with family members. It is also customary for Sino-Mauritians to eat
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Sino-Mauritians may have a European name (usually a French name) as their first name.
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1005:
802:
4297:
3078:
1085:
is still followed and holds an important place within the Sino-Mauritian community.
462:
Children born of a mixed marriage between a Sino-Mauritian and a non-Chinese person.
5886:
5655:
5419:
5414:
5399:
5056:
4874:
4717:
4712:
4646:
4454:
4215:
4161:
4045:
3978:
3970:
3749:
2977:, People's Republic of China: Chinese Language Education Foundation, archived from
2948:, People's Republic of China: Chinese Language Education Foundation, archived from
2170:
2106:
2048:
2036:
1348:
1147:
1125:
1051:
1025:
Nowadays, Sino-Mauritians mainly wear Western-style clothing in their daily lives.
917:
902:
612:
525:
503:
440:
296:
134:
72:
68:
60:
3566:
2271:. Joshua Eisenman (1st ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
5792:
5676:
5389:
5276:
5107:
5012:
4995:
4318:
Chinese in Eastern Europe and Russia: A Middleman Minority in a Transnational era
2660:
2633:
2599:
2529:
Paul Younger Professor Emeritus of Religious Studies McMaster University (2009).
2072:
1047:
1010:
1000:
In the 19th century, Chinese men living in Mauritius working as shopkeepers wore
973:
913:
598:
487:
479:
427:
however, are often proud of their ancestors and perceived themselves as Chinese.
411:
407:
248:
64:
5117:
3520:
2560:"What Inter-Ethnic Marriage in Mauritius Tells Us About The Nature of Ethnicity"
779:, was founded in 2005. With regards to its editorial line, it is a supporter of
5861:
5856:
5615:
5122:
4702:
4257:"Tu dimunn pu vini kreol: The Mauritian creole and the concept of creolization"
2362:
2066:
2024:
1444:
1270:
1082:
1043:
380:
291:
276:
5112:
4374:
Colour, Confusion, and Concessions: The History of the Chinese in South Africa
4219:
4165:
4122:
4049:
3974:
3872:
3644:
2002:
1101:(1 January). They also follow some Traditional Chinese festival and holidays:
5961:
5625:
5583:
5039:
4747:
4057:
3856:
3811:
3763:
3467:
3360:
2784:
2739:
2286:
2042:
2030:
1055:
513:
372:
309:
76:
3144:
1511:
186:
in the 1740s to work in Mauritius in a scheme hatched by the French admiral
5593:
5578:
5570:
5085:
3992:
3754:
2597:
2018:
1826:
1692:
1336:
1299:
988:") turned into their surname. Sino-Mauritians who lacks their forefather's
593:
562:
552:
436:
336:
101:
93:
4034:"'Tiger in Paradise': Reading Global Mauritius in Shifting Time and Space"
3791:
3737:
3447:
3340:
2764:
2266:
5539:
5027:
3010:"访毛里求斯《镜报》主编冯云龙 (An Interview with Mauritius Mirror Editor Feng Yunlong)"
2498:
Abacus and Mah Jong: Sino-Mauritian Settlement and Economic Consolidation
1889:
Dragon and Lion dance have become a common feature in Mauritian culture.
576:
305:
179:
122:
80:
3449:
CultureShock! Mauritius : a Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette
2008:
Lawrence Wong: CEO of LaTrobe. President of Mauritius Cycling Federation
375:, which would play an important role in the 1980s, with the rise of the
5891:
5095:
5078:
5049:
5022:
5000:
4065:
4033:
1818:
1776:
1067:
673:
627:
348:
340:
332:
321:
204:
158:
47:
5534:
3345:. Toyin Falola, Daniel Jean-Jacques. Santa Barbara, California. 2016.
3310:"Nouvel An chinois : traditions et superstitions | KOZÉ magazine"
344:
317:
5547:
5480:
5449:
3903:"PAGODES DE PORT-LOUIS : Les merveilles de la diaspora chinoise"
1286:) still follow some form of Chinese-related religions (which include
1105:
List of Traditional Festivals / Holidays followed by Sino-Mauritians
889:
699:
581:
521:
351:. After World War II, immigration from China largely came to an end.
313:
256:
244:
212:
208:
4007:"[Diaporama] Chinatown: A cultural and traditional heritage"
5090:
4423:
3957:
Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Muthoorah, Luviksha Drushilla (2014).
2494:
1953:
Brendan Pang: Australian cook and restaurant-owner who competed in
1311:
1295:
1280:
continue to exist even among the Christian Sino-Mauritian families.
1098:
896:
Chinese clans, Chinese associations and society, and name structure
626:
exceeded 1,000. The Chung-Hwa Middle School (中华中学), established by
243:
A second wave of migration from China mainly came from the city of
109:
2601:
From alien to citizen: the integration of the Chinese in Mauritius
1771:
Significant cultural landmarks of the Sino-Mauritian include: the
247:(Canton). In the mid-1800s, they mainly came from the district of
5061:
5044:
4127:
1784:
1705:
1700:
1579:
1576:(God of wealth, god of war and the righteous and the benefactor)
1573:
1523:
1505:
1497:(God of wealth, god of war and the righteous and the benefactor)
1494:
1470:
1467:
1395:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1239:
1019:
884:
879:
852:
557:
517:
183:
4239:
Common Denominators: Nation-building and Compromise in Mauritius
1806:
houses and performing prayers and rites at their family altars.
845:
The Story of Dragon Boat Festival related to the consumption of
383:, who signed on for three-year stints in the garment factories.
1780:
1287:
1001:
847:
784:
423:
364:
280:
252:
227:
223:
105:
3452:. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Ptd Ltd.
173:
4360:(7), All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese: 38–43
4354:"毛里求斯华人今昔 (Mauritius' Overseas Chinese, Today and Yesterday)"
4336:
Sons of the Yellow Emperor: A History of the Chinese Diaspora
4316:
Nyíri, Pál (2007), "Chinese in the Soviet Union, 1922–1989",
390:
360:
162:
3246:"Mauritians of Chinese origin: Paradise island's next dodo?"
1919:
Fengshui is being adopted by Mauritians of diverse origins.
1264:
787:
newswire reports, with the last page devoted to local news.
502:
Most Sino-Mauritian youth are at least trilingual: they use
193:
1877:
Noodles (fried or boiled), dumplings, chopsuey, Pekin duck.
1602:
1517:
1325:
1165:
839:
790:
3166:"'Le Cernéen' s'en prend aux Chinois pro-Pékin de Maurice"
2631:
2565:. p. 15,16. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014
1909:
Mauritians are curious to know their Chinese zodiac sign.
842:, associated with Chinese New Year's firecracker tradition
1832:
813:
395:
331:
Until the 1930s, Chinese migrants continued to arrive in
4123:"Lawrence Wong (La Trobe) - Leading Through Uncertainty"
758:
2006, that number had fallen to seven hundred. In 2010,
422:
Sino-Mauritians who trace their ancestors from province
3594:
Les Sino-mauriciens, discrétion, action et solidarité…*
2662:
Mauritius in the Making: Across the Censuses, 1846–2000
1936:
1283:
Nowadays, Sino-Mauritians (even Catholic Sino-Mauritian
967:
435:
Nowadays, most Sino-Mauritians living in Mauritius are
3137:"在毛里求斯领略浓郁的客家风情 (The rich Hakka culture of Mauritius)"
1355:
List of Chinese pagoda in Mauritius and deity worship
1177:
Celebration of the anniversary of the goddess Tin Hao
607:
Not restricted or defined by any Chinese ethnic groups
4192:, United Nations University Press, pp. 106–128,
4154:
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
3956:
2873:
2871:
702:, where he graduated from high school and went on to
458:
The Sino-creoles community in Mauritius can include:
4392:"毛里求斯华人社会语言概况 (The Language Use of Sino-Mauritians)"
4147:"Language Use of Mauritian Adolescents in Education"
3736:
Guccini, Federica; Zhang, Mingyuan (14 April 2021).
3342:
Africa : an encyclopedia of culture and society
2598:
Huguette Ly-Tio-Fane Pineo, Edouard Lim Fat (2008).
2363:"Chinese Languages spoken in Mauritius: An Overview"
1753:
Sino-Mauritians maintain certain beliefs related to
1605:(Goddess of the sea), also called Tin Hao / Tin Hau
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3036:
3034:
1570:Close to the Champ de Mars race course, Port Louis
2868:
1790:
1077:The time to light firecrackers on Chinese New Year
680:, Too Wai Man (杜蔚文), even received death threats.
542:Chinese language and dialects spoken in Mauritius
4144:
2913:
2901:
2889:
2153:
2151:
2126:and 2. Any person born from inter-ethnic marriage
1760:
5959:
3158:
3095:
3031:
1312:Traditional Chinese religion and Chinese pagodas
4264:Creolization Seminar, Transnational Communities
4086:
3188:
3186:
2766:Voluntary organizations in the Chinese Diaspora
2719:"Foreign workers in Mauritius face torrid time"
2380:
2378:
2376:
451:The Sino-creoles are typically categorized as "
4282:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 78–95,
2395:
2393:
2193:
2191:
2148:
1061:
808:
5465:
4439:
3963:Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
3048:, Mauritius, 13 November 2008, archived from
2658:
2207:
2205:
643:
198:
4371:
3735:
3445:
3183:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2495:Marina Carter, James Ng Foong Kwong (2009).
2411:
2373:
1717:
417:
27:Ethnic group of Chinese origins in Mauritius
4280:Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Minority Rights
2604:. Éditions de l'océan Indien. p. 174.
2390:
2188:
1825:wedding will also end with dances, and the
1520:(Protector of sailors), also called Ma Chou
1392:Joseph-Rivière road, Chinatown, Port Louis
959:
721:later expanded to eight full-colour pages.
269:
174:Chinese migration from Sumatra to Mauritius
5472:
5458:
4446:
4432:
4145:Bissoonauth, Anu; Offord, Malcolm (2001),
4031:
3609:"Republic of Mauritius- Mauritian Cuisine"
3590:
3373:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3143:, Beijing, 1 February 2007, archived from
2716:
2367:Mauritius 50: 'Hand in Hand?' Research Day
2202:
706:. After graduation, he signed on with the
439:(客家) who can trace their ancestry back to
391:Demographics, distribution, and employment
354:
5023:Peranakan / Baba Nyonya / Straits Chinese
4205:
4186:
3982:
3753:
3742:The Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies
3696:
3597:(in French). France: CILF. pp. 1–23.
2992:
2704:
2554:
2552:
2268:China and Africa: a century of engagement
1265:Dual religion systems and other religions
1088:
194:Chinese migration from China to Mauritius
4372:Yap, Melanie; Leong Man, Dianne (1996),
4302:L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
3929:"Jubilé d?or de la pagode ?Fook Soo Am?"
3441:
3439:
3437:
2717:Ackbarally, Nasseem (28 November 2006),
2635:Chinese Diaspora in Western Indian Ocean
1989:杨钦俊: Chief Justice, Mauritius, 2008–2013
1294:); a minority of Sino-Mauritians follow
1113:Approximate month on Gregorian calendar
791:Culture of Mauritians of Chinese origins
312:-speakers from Meixian, further east in
50:, with small numbers all over the island
5434:of France in the western Indian Ocean.
4295:
4277:
4254:
4233:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3723:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3042:"Culture chinoise: L'art et la manière"
2877:
2863:
2823:
2811:
2535:. Oxford University Press. p. 33.
2223:
2197:
2157:
2033:: African Badminton Champion 2018, 2017
1689:Foot of the Pouce mountain, Port Louis
1347:will be deposited behind the altar. On
1066:Some Sino-Mauritian still refer to the
14:
5960:
5479:
3952:
3950:
3867:
3865:
3789:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3390:
3388:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3269:
3267:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
2936:
2934:
2638:. Ed. de l'océan indien. p. 287.
2549:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
1833:Significant contributions to Mauritius
1238:Celebration of the anniversary of god
814:Chinese literature / legends / stories
400:
396:Ethnic subgroups and cultural identity
5453:
4427:
4315:
4190:Asia and Africa in the Global Economy
3897:
3895:
3893:
3692:
3690:
3544:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
2734:
2732:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2264:
1748:
829:, associated with the Moon Festival (
661:
548:Fujianese (Fukien / Fokien / Hokkien)
532:Chinese dialects spoken in Mauritius
4453:
4389:
4351:
3778:
3414:
3007:
2925:
2692:
2384:
2260:
2258:
2256:
1950:: film, television, and stage actor.
1937:Notable Mauritians of Chinese origin
968:Surname structure of Sino-Mauritians
168:
41:Regions with significant populations
5973:Mauritian people of Chinese descent
4333:
4038:Journal of African Cultural Studies
3947:
3862:
3626:
3550:
3504:
3474:
3396:"Preserving Chinatown in Mauritius"
3385:
3328:
3264:
3213:
3063:
2931:
2632:Huguette Ly Tio Fane-Pineo (1985).
2399:
2361:Lefort, Julie (13 September 2018).
2299:
2247:
2235:
2211:
1736:
290:, Chinese men in Mauritius married
161:who trace their ethnic ancestry to
24:
3890:
3850:Mauritius: A New Balance of Nature
3729:
3687:
3670:"Republic of Mauritius- Festivals"
3584:
3293:
3076:
3008:Zhao, Haiyan (17 September 2001),
2729:
2417:
2305:
2039:: National beach volleyball player
1829:is becoming increasingly popular.
862:
717:Originally a four-page paper, the
620:
238:
25:
5994:
2253:
1582:(God of wealth), called Choy Sun
1488:Ahime Choïsanne (Liog Choi Sine)
1339:(god of Heaven) and to Guan Yin.
538:Chinese ethnic group in Mauritius
5689:
4255:Eriksen, Thomas Hylland (1999),
4087:Eshita Srinivas (14 July 2023).
2045:: International football referee
1624:Volcy Pougnet street, Mauritius
1526:(月老星君; God of love and marriage)
4106:
4080:
4025:
3999:
3921:
3843:
3818:
3717:
3699:"Fête mine: tout un symbolisme"
3697:Rédaction, La (4 August 2018).
3662:
3601:
3538:
3446:NgCheong-Lum, Roseline (2010).
3198:, 20 April 2007, archived from
3129:
2963:
2919:
2907:
2895:
2883:
2857:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2757:
2710:
2698:
2686:
2652:
2625:
2591:
2522:
2405:
2129:
2119:
2069:: British-born badminton player
1791:Wedding and pre-wedding customs
1253:Mid-September to early October
870:
446:
288:late 19th to early 20th century
188:Charles Hector, Comte d'Estaing
4376:, Hong Kong University Press,
3077:Yu, Longhui (8 October 2007),
2293:
2265:Shinn, David Hamilton (2012).
2241:
2229:
2217:
2163:
1761:Significant cultural landmarks
980:) and Chinese first name (名字,
683:
13:
1:
4403:South China Normal University
3909:(in French). 10 February 2013
2914:Bissoonauth & Offord 2001
2902:Bissoonauth & Offord 2001
2890:Bissoonauth & Offord 2001
2142:
1110:Name of Festivals / Holidays
1039:List of Sino-Mauritian dishes
724:
472:
4579:Democratic Republic of Congo
4304:, Université Laval de Québec
3591:Nallatamby, Pravina (2016).
3316:(in French). 28 January 2017
3172:, Mauritius, 7 February 2005
3112:"Tradition versus modernity"
1801:Traditional Chinese marriage
1743:Traditional Chinese medicine
1667:Tank Wen street, Port Louis
1004:and braided their hair in a
740:New Chinese Commercial Paper
147:Mauritians of Chinese origin
127:Chinese people in Madagascar
7:
5968:Asian diaspora in Mauritius
3487:"The Sino Mauritian Family"
2092:Mauritian of African origin
2085:
1813:who performs a somersault.
1797:Chinese pre-wedding customs
1728:
1139:Public Holiday in Mauritius
1062:Chinese calendar and zodiac
995:
924:List of clans in Mauritius
809:Chinese arts and literature
775:(华声报), also referred to as
765:
497:
10:
5999:
5978:Chinese diaspora in Africa
4138:
4032:Aumeerally, N. L. (2005).
3935:(in French). 2 August 2004
2102:Mauritian of Indian origin
2097:Mauritian of French origin
1794:
1764:
1256:15th day of the 8th month
1235:24th day of the 6th month
1156:15th day of the 1st month
1032:
1028:
794:
708:Chinese Commercial Gazette
652:Chinese Commercial Gazette
645:Chinese Commercial Gazette
361:People's Republic of China
199:Late 1700s and early 1800s
5983:China–Mauritius relations
5924:
5877:
5837:
5828:
5773:
5764:
5707:
5698:
5687:
5664:
5606:
5569:
5556:
5530:
5521:
5514:
5491:
5428:
5370:
5325:
5299:
5232:
5206:
5199:
5164:
5133:
4961:
4935:
4914:
4907:
4852:
4826:
4746:
4688:
4681:
4592:
4566:
4535:
4499:
4468:
4461:
4405:: 238–244, archived from
4296:Leclerc, Jacques (2007),
4220:10.1017/S0047404504031033
4166:10.1080/01434630108666442
4050:10.1080/13696850500448261
3975:10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C775
3083:China Radio International
2583:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1718:Burial site and practices
1678:
1656:
1634:
1613:
1569:
1556:Namshun Fooy Koon Pagodas
1554:
1535:
1479:
1455:
1440:Magon street, Port Louis
1425:
1406:
1382:
1378:Ancestor shrine or altar
1359:
1213:5th day of the 5th month
1116:Date of Chinese calendar
851:and the commemoration of
611:
541:
418:Fokien / Fukien / Hokkien
121:
116:
92:
87:
59:
54:
45:
40:
2412:Yap & Leong Man 1996
2112:
1491:Les Salines, Port Louis
1457:Heen Foh Lee Kwon Pagoda
1229:(lit. "Noodle festival)
1153:February or early March
960:Names of Sino-Mauritians
736:Chinese Commercial Paper
634:
482:have greatly influenced
430:
283:—as their destinations.
270:Late 1800s and mid-1900s
4235:Eriksen, Thomas Hylland
3649:www.namshunfooykoon.com
3118:, Mauritius, 2 May 2006
2744:www.namshunfooykoon.com
2055:Christophe Lim Wen Ying
377:export-processing zones
355:Mid-1900s to late 1900s
308:-speaking; but, later,
299:(梅县; commonly known as
4266:, University of Oxford
3969:(Suppl 1): S387–S399.
3873:"About Cohan Tai Biou"
3755:10.26443/jiows.v4i2.79
3521:"Clans & Surnames"
3491:www.kwonghatongmru.com
2797:: CS1 maint: others (
2659:Monique Dinan (2002).
1987:Bernard Yeung Sik Yuen
1846:List of Contributions
1773:Chinatown of Mauritius
1292:Chinese Folk religions
1190:Fete des morts chinois
1089:Festivals and holidays
1046:cuisine includes both
855:, associated with the
443:, Guangdong province.
139:Chinese South Africans
4390:Zhao, Huijun (1999),
4352:Song, Shuyun (2001),
3377:) CS1 maint: others (
1974:Joseph Tsang Mang Kin
1645:Pope Hennessy street
1537:Law Kwan Chung Pagoda
762:stopped publication.
117:Related ethnic groups
98:Chinese folk religion
5187:United Arab Emirates
5079:Straits-Born Chinese
4412:on 29 September 2011
4358:At Home and Overseas
3796:. London: Kuperard.
3790:Cleary, Tim (2011).
2975:Overseas Chinese Net
2946:Overseas Chinese Net
1981:Government officials
1968:Moilin Jean Ah-Chuen
1955:MasterChef Australia
1895:Chinese martial arts
1869:Chinese food culture
1779:and the presence of
1767:Culture of Mauritius
1316:In the present day,
1269:The majority of the
1205:Dragon Boat Festival
1135:1st day of the year
1132:January or February
914:mutual aid societies
857:Dragon Boat Festival
797:Culture of Mauritius
509:some form of Chinese
251:. Some of them were
5561:Islets of Mauritius
5432:overseas department
4738:Trinidad and Tobago
4241:, Berg Publishers,
4208:Language in Society
4011:Le Defi Media Group
3855:26 January 2013 at
3525:Hakka Mauritians 客家
3279:Le Defi Media Group
3250:Le Defi Media Group
3202:on 20 February 2012
3020:on 18 February 2012
2952:on 6 September 2008
1842:
1508:(Giver of Children)
1502:Dabo Xianjun (大帛仙君)
1356:
1298:; they also follow
1248:Mid-autumn Festival
1106:
1074:Their wedding date;
932:Chinese characters
925:
831:Mid-Autumn Festival
781:Chinese unification
748:Tsinghua University
572:Cantonese (Namshun)
533:
480:Chinese restaurants
453:General population"
401:Cantonese / Namshun
255:who passed through
37:
5806:Telecommunications
5672:Chagos Archipelago
5646:Rivière du Rempart
5440:Hong Kong Diaspora
4708:Dominican Republic
4338:, Kodansha Globe,
4334:Pan, Lynn (1994),
2837:"Student Outreach"
2021:: National swimmer
1948:Patrick Kwok-Choon
1855:Microcredit system
1841:
1755:Chinese numerology
1749:Chinese numerology
1354:
1345:Chinese characters
1221:Kwan Tee Festival,
1104:
923:
714:enticed him back.
704:Guangxi University
678:Chinese Daily News
670:Chinese Daily News
663:Chinese Daily News
531:
264:John Pope Hennessy
155:Chinese Mauritians
35:
5955:
5954:
5920:
5919:
5852:Franco-Mauritians
5824:
5823:
5760:
5759:
5747:Political parties
5742:National Assembly
5722:Foreign relations
5685:
5684:
5602:
5601:
5540:Cargados Carajos
5447:
5446:
5386:
5366:
5365:
5285:
5195:
5194:
5074:Chinese nationals
5001:Peranakan Chinese
4903:
4902:
4816:by city and state
4812:
4805:
4771:
4764:
4677:
4676:
4584:Republic of Congo
4383:978-962-209-424-6
4345:978-1-56836-032-4
4327:978-0-415-44686-0
4289:978-0-521-60317-1
4248:978-1-85973-959-4
4199:978-92-808-1089-9
3877:kwanteepagoda.org
3803:978-1-85733-546-0
3726:, pp. 82, 92
3571:kwanteepagoda.org
3567:"Kwan Tee Pagoda"
3459:978-981-261-993-8
3402:. 10 January 2019
3352:978-1-59884-665-2
3195:A window on China
2981:on 6 October 2008
2776:978-988-220-382-2
2723:Mail and Guardian
2278:978-0-8122-0800-9
2061:Elodie Poo-cheong
1934:
1933:
1715:
1714:
1443:Buddhist temple (
1262:
1261:
1210:Late May or June
1184:Tomb sweeping day
1035:Mauritian cuisine
957:
956:
827:Houyi and Chang'e
803:deculturalization
618:
617:
613:Standard Mandarin
526:Standard Mandarin
484:Mauritian culture
339:), as well as to
169:Migration history
144:
143:
16:(Redirected from
5990:
5940:
5933:
5835:
5834:
5796:
5771:
5770:
5705:
5704:
5693:
5543:
5528:
5527:
5519:
5518:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5451:
5450:
5410:Papua New Guinea
5380:
5281:
5204:
5203:
4912:
4911:
4808:
4801:
4775:British Columbia
4767:
4760:
4686:
4685:
4466:
4465:
4455:Overseas Chinese
4448:
4441:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4396:
4386:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4348:
4330:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4292:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4261:
4251:
4230:
4202:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4151:
4133:
4132:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3986:
3954:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3899:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3869:
3860:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3787:
3776:
3775:
3757:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3694:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3641:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3563:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3517:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3483:
3472:
3471:
3443:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3372:
3364:
3337:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3306:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3242:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3108:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3074:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3016:, archived from
3014:ChinaNews.com.cn
3005:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2938:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2880:, pp. 80–81
2875:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2841:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2788:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2492:
2415:
2414:, pp. 36–37
2409:
2403:
2397:
2388:
2382:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2262:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2200:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2107:Mauritian Creole
2049:Nathalie Lee Baw
2037:Elodie Li Yuk Lo
1843:
1840:
1737:Chinese medicine
1670:Buddhist temple
1648:Buddhist temple
1485:29 January 1842
1437:Sister Fee Fong
1398:(God of wealth)
1357:
1353:
1349:Chinese New Year
1187:, also known as
1148:Lantern Festival
1126:Chinese New Year
1107:
1103:
1052:Chinese red eggs
926:
922:
903:Hahime Choisanne
672:(中华日报) is a pro-
534:
530:
504:Mauritian Creole
410:) and Shun Tak (
217:camp des Chinois
149:, also known as
135:Sino-Seychellois
131:Sino-Réunionnais
61:Mauritian Creole
38:
34:
21:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5916:
5887:Creole language
5873:
5820:
5794:
5756:
5694:
5681:
5660:
5636:Plaines Wilhems
5598:
5565:
5552:
5541:
5510:
5487:
5478:
5448:
5443:
5442:
5424:
5362:
5321:
5295:
5228:
5191:
5160:
5129:
5006:Bangka-Belitung
4996:Benteng Chinese
4957:
4931:
4899:
4848:
4822:
4742:
4673:
4588:
4562:
4531:
4495:
4457:
4452:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4394:
4384:
4363:
4361:
4346:
4328:
4307:
4305:
4290:
4269:
4267:
4259:
4249:
4200:
4178:
4176:
4149:
4141:
4136:
4121:
4118:Wayback Machine
4111:
4107:
4097:
4095:
4085:
4081:
4030:
4026:
4016:
4014:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3955:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3891:
3881:
3879:
3871:
3870:
3863:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3830:www.thearda.com
3824:
3823:
3819:
3804:
3788:
3779:
3734:
3730:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3695:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3643:
3642:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3475:
3460:
3444:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3366:
3365:
3353:
3339:
3338:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3214:
3205:
3203:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3175:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3150:
3148:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3121:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3096:
3087:
3085:
3075:
3064:
3055:
3053:
3052:on 3 March 2016
3040:
3039:
3032:
3023:
3021:
3006:
2993:
2984:
2982:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2955:
2953:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2844:Cid.harvard.edu
2839:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2715:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2596:
2592:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2493:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2391:
2383:
2374:
2359:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2279:
2263:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2088:
2073:Alicia Kok Shun
1939:
1861:carnet laboutik
1835:
1803:
1793:
1769:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1731:
1720:
1695:(Jade Emperor)
1680:Tien Tan Pagoda
1561:Kwan Tee Pagoda
1481:Kwan Tee Pagoda
1408:Fok Tiak pagoda
1314:
1271:Sino-Mauritians
1267:
1172:March or April
1091:
1064:
1048:Chinese cuisine
1041:
1033:Main articles:
1031:
998:
974:Chinese surname
970:
962:
898:
873:
865:
863:Dance and music
816:
811:
799:
793:
770:
729:
688:
666:
648:
637:
623:
621:Chinese schools
599:Meixian dialect
500:
475:
449:
433:
420:
408:Nanhai district
403:
398:
393:
381:migrant workers
357:
272:
241:
239:Circa mid-1800s
201:
196:
176:
171:
151:Sino-Mauritians
75:(predominantly
36:Sino-Mauritians
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5996:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5942:
5941:
5934:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5862:Sino-Mauritian
5859:
5857:Indo-Mauritian
5854:
5849:
5838:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5801:Sugar industry
5798:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5774:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5708:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5575:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5477:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5454:
5445:
5444:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5383:from Hong Kong
5374:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5338:Czech Republic
5335:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5283:from Hong Kong
5277:United Kingdom
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5210:
5208:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5015:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4988:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4806:
4803:from Hong Kong
4794:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4772:
4765:
4762:from Hong Kong
4752:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4649:
4644:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4451:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4387:
4382:
4369:
4349:
4344:
4331:
4326:
4313:
4293:
4288:
4275:
4252:
4247:
4231:
4203:
4198:
4184:
4160:(5): 381–400,
4140:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4131:. 12 May 2020.
4105:
4093:Lifestyle Asia
4079:
4044:(2): 161–180.
4024:
3998:
3946:
3920:
3889:
3861:
3842:
3817:
3802:
3777:
3728:
3716:
3686:
3661:
3625:
3600:
3583:
3549:
3537:
3503:
3473:
3458:
3413:
3384:
3351:
3327:
3292:
3263:
3212:
3182:
3157:
3147:on 7 July 2011
3141:Economic Daily
3128:
3094:
3062:
3030:
2991:
2962:
2930:
2918:
2906:
2894:
2882:
2867:
2856:
2828:
2816:
2804:
2775:
2756:
2728:
2725:, South Africa
2709:
2705:Brautigam 2003
2697:
2685:
2671:
2651:
2644:
2624:
2611:978-9990305692
2610:
2590:
2548:
2542:978-0199741922
2541:
2521:
2508:978-9004175723
2507:
2416:
2404:
2389:
2372:
2304:
2292:
2277:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2201:
2187:
2162:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2128:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2067:Nicki Chan-Lam
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2025:Karen Foo Kune
2022:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1905:Chinese zodiac
1901:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1834:
1831:
1792:
1789:
1781:Chinese pagoda
1765:Main article:
1762:
1759:
1750:
1747:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1690:
1687:
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1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1654:
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1643:
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1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:Tin Hao Pagoda
1587:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
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1539:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1524:Yuelao xingjun
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1477:
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1474:
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1430:
1423:
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1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:Minor deities
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1313:
1310:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1223:also known as
1217:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1179:
1178:
1175:
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1170:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1095:New Year's Eve
1090:
1087:
1083:Chinese zodiac
1079:
1078:
1075:
1063:
1060:
1044:Sino-Mauritian
1030:
1027:
997:
994:
969:
966:
961:
958:
955:
954:
952:
950:
946:
945:
943:
941:
937:
936:
933:
930:
918:social centres
907:Affan Tank Wen
897:
894:
893:
892:
887:
882:
872:
869:
864:
861:
860:
859:
843:
838:The legend of
836:
825:The legend of
815:
812:
810:
807:
795:Main article:
792:
789:
769:
764:
728:
723:
687:
682:
665:
660:
647:
642:
636:
633:
622:
619:
616:
615:
610:
602:
601:
596:
591:
585:
584:
579:
574:
568:
567:
566:
565:
555:
550:
544:
543:
540:
499:
496:
474:
471:
470:
469:
466:
463:
448:
445:
432:
429:
419:
416:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
356:
353:
318:Reunion Island
277:Port Elizabeth
271:
268:
240:
237:
200:
197:
195:
192:
175:
172:
170:
167:
142:
141:
119:
118:
114:
113:
90:
89:
85:
84:
57:
56:
52:
51:
43:
42:
31:
26:
18:Sino-Mauritian
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5995:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5858:
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5843:
5840:
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5827:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
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5789:
5786:
5784:
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5779:
5776:
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5772:
5769:
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5763:
5753:
5752:Supreme Court
5750:
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5738:
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5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
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5709:
5706:
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5701:
5697:
5692:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5651:Rivière Noire
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5631:Pamplemousses
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5589:Saya de Malha
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5571:Fishing banks
5568:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5542:(St. Brandon)
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5523:Outer islands
5520:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5475:
5470:
5468:
5463:
5461:
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5455:
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5441:
5437:
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5408:
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5388:
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5284:
5280:
5279:
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5260:
5258:
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5225:
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5188:
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5139:
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5132:
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5119:
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5097:
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5002:
4999:
4997:
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4992:
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4977:
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4925:
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4917:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4797:United States
4795:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4655:
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4638:
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4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
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4479:
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4474:
4473:
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4435:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4393:
4388:
4385:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4347:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4329:
4323:
4320:, Routledge,
4319:
4314:
4303:
4299:
4298:"Île Maurice"
4294:
4291:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4265:
4258:
4253:
4250:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
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4213:
4209:
4204:
4201:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4094:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3951:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3857:archive.today
3854:
3851:
3846:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3748:(2): 91–117.
3747:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3720:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3691:
3675:
3674:www.govmu.org
3671:
3665:
3650:
3646:
3645:"NSFK Pagoda"
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3614:
3613:www.govmu.org
3610:
3604:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3541:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3512:
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3465:
3461:
3455:
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3428:
3426:
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3311:
3305:
3303:
3301:
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3233:
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3201:
3197:
3196:
3189:
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3142:
3138:
3132:
3117:
3113:
3107:
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3071:
3069:
3067:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2971:"毛里求斯路易港中华中学"
2966:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2942:"毛里求斯路易港新华学校"
2937:
2935:
2928:, p. 238
2927:
2922:
2916:, p. 389
2915:
2910:
2904:, p. 387
2903:
2898:
2892:, p. 385
2891:
2886:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2865:
2860:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2794:
2786:
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2778:
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2760:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2720:
2713:
2707:, p. 116
2706:
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2525:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2491:
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2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:Lim Kee Chong
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:Kate Foo Kune
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:Entertainment
1941:
1940:
1928:
1926:
1925:Fire crackers
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1885:Chinese dance
1883:
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1876:
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1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:
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1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1056:fried noodles
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
987:
986:Ah-given name
983:
979:
975:
965:
953:
951:
948:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
934:
931:
929:Name of Clan
928:
927:
921:
919:
915:
910:
909:(Cantonese).
908:
904:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
868:
858:
854:
850:
849:
844:
841:
837:
835:
832:
828:
824:
823:
822:
819:
806:
804:
798:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:Hua Sheng Bao
768:
763:
761:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
727:
722:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
664:
659:
657:
653:
646:
641:
632:
629:
614:
609:
608:
604:
603:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
539:
536:
535:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
505:
495:
492:
489:
485:
481:
467:
464:
461:
460:
459:
457:
454:
444:
442:
438:
428:
425:
415:
413:
409:
388:
384:
382:
378:
374:
373:greater China
369:
366:
362:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
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298:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
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152:
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140:
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128:
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91:
86:
82:
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70:
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44:
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30:
19:
5842:Demographics
5515:Subdivisions
5435:
4657:Johannesburg
4652:South Africa
4639:
4624:
4414:, retrieved
4407:the original
4398:
4373:
4362:, retrieved
4357:
4335:
4317:
4306:, retrieved
4301:
4279:
4268:, retrieved
4263:
4238:
4214:(1): 59–80,
4211:
4207:
4189:
4177:, retrieved
4157:
4153:
4126:
4114:Ghostarchive
4112:Archived at
4108:
4098:22 September
4096:. Retrieved
4092:
4082:
4041:
4037:
4027:
4015:. Retrieved
4010:
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3966:
3962:
3937:. Retrieved
3932:
3923:
3911:. Retrieved
3907:Le Mauricien
3906:
3880:. Retrieved
3876:
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3829:
3820:
3792:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3724:Eriksen 1998
3719:
3707:. Retrieved
3702:
3677:. Retrieved
3673:
3664:
3652:. Retrieved
3648:
3616:. Retrieved
3612:
3603:
3593:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3570:
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3540:
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3524:
3494:. Retrieved
3490:
3448:
3404:. Retrieved
3399:
3341:
3318:. Retrieved
3313:
3283:. Retrieved
3278:
3254:. Retrieved
3249:
3204:, retrieved
3200:the original
3194:
3174:, retrieved
3169:
3160:
3149:, retrieved
3145:the original
3140:
3131:
3120:, retrieved
3115:
3086:, retrieved
3082:
3054:, retrieved
3050:the original
3045:
3022:, retrieved
3018:the original
3013:
2983:, retrieved
2979:the original
2974:
2965:
2954:, retrieved
2950:the original
2945:
2921:
2909:
2897:
2885:
2878:Eriksen 1998
2864:Eriksen 1999
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2843:
2831:
2826:, p. 80
2824:Eriksen 2004
2819:
2814:, p. 62
2812:Eriksen 1998
2807:
2765:
2759:
2747:. Retrieved
2743:
2722:
2712:
2700:
2695:, p. 41
2688:
2676:. Retrieved
2661:
2654:
2634:
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2600:
2593:
2567:. Retrieved
2531:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2497:
2407:
2402:, p. 61
2387:, p. 39
2366:
2302:, p. 29
2295:
2267:
2250:, p. 28
2243:
2238:, p. 62
2231:
2226:, p. 82
2224:Eriksen 1998
2219:
2214:, p. 62
2198:Leclerc 2007
2178:. Retrieved
2174:
2165:
2160:, p. 81
2158:Eriksen 1998
2131:
2121:
2079:Shannon Wong
2019:Kevin Cheung
1992:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1849:Description
1836:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1770:
1752:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1721:
1679:
1657:
1635:
1614:
1596:
1590:
1560:
1555:
1536:
1480:
1456:
1433:
1426:
1407:
1383:
1341:
1333:
1326:Goddess Mazu
1315:
1307:
1303:
1300:Confucianism
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1268:
1246:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1203:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1163:
1146:
1138:
1124:
1119:Description
1092:
1080:
1065:
1042:
1024:
1016:Qing guanmao
1009:
999:
989:
985:
981:
977:
971:
963:
911:
899:
874:
871:Martial arts
866:
846:
834:
820:
817:
800:
776:
772:
771:
766:
759:
754:
752:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:
725:
718:
716:
711:
707:
691:
689:
684:
677:
669:
667:
662:
655:
651:
649:
644:
638:
624:
606:
605:
588:
571:
563:Amoy dialect
553:Southern Min
547:
537:
501:
493:
488:Chinese food
476:
456:
452:
450:
447:Sino-creoles
434:
421:
404:
385:
370:
358:
337:South Africa
330:
326:
300:
285:
273:
261:
242:
233:
221:
216:
202:
177:
154:
150:
146:
145:
102:Confucianism
94:Christianity
32:Ethnic group
29:
5778:Agriculture
5732:LGBT rights
5405:New Zealand
5272:Netherlands
5096:Phuket Baba
5057:Philippines
5028:Sino-Native
4810:from Taiwan
4769:from Taiwan
4728:Puerto Rico
4013:(in French)
3933:lexpress.mu
3705:(in French)
3703:lexpress.mu
3281:(in French)
3252:(in French)
2171:"Mauritius"
2003:Gaétan Siew
1427:Fook Soo Am
1372:Main deity
1363:Year built
755:The Mirror'
719:China Times
712:China Times
692:China Times
685:China Times
656:China Times
123:Han Chinese
100:(including
5962:Categories
5892:Mauritians
5795:(currency)
5727:Government
5641:Port Louis
5621:Grand Port
5141:Bangladesh
5108:Minh Hương
4986:East Timor
4927:Kyrgyzstan
4922:Kazakhstan
4834:Costa Rica
4647:Seychelles
4630:Mozambique
4615:Madagascar
4507:Cape Verde
4416:27 October
4364:27 October
4308:10 January
4270:10 January
4179:27 October
3545:Nyíri 2007
3206:11 January
3176:11 January
3151:11 January
3122:11 January
3088:11 January
3056:11 January
3024:27 October
2985:27 October
2956:27 October
2740:"About Us"
2672:9990390460
2645:9990305692
2143:References
1819:Tung Shing
1795:See also:
1777:Port Louis
1168:) Festival
1068:Tung Shing
905:(Fukien),
760:The Mirror
744:The Mirror
732:The Mirror
726:The Mirror
674:Kuomintang
628:Kuomintang
473:Employment
349:Seychelles
341:Madagascar
333:Port Louis
322:Madagascar
205:Port Louis
180:shanghaied
159:Mauritians
48:Port Louis
5869:Education
5816:Transport
5783:Companies
5717:Elections
5608:Districts
5548:Rodrigues
5501:Geography
5481:Mauritius
5378:Australia
5156:Sri Lanka
5069:Singapore
4991:Indonesia
4962:Southeast
4895:Venezuela
4860:Argentina
4839:Nicaragua
4779:Vancouver
4690:Caribbean
4625:Mauritius
4228:144352051
4174:144649959
4074:163013623
4058:1369-6815
3812:756867265
3793:Mauritius
3772:234823718
3764:2561-3111
3468:609854865
3369:cite book
3361:900016532
3170:L'Express
3116:L'Express
3079:"一片丹心向阳开"
3046:L'Express
2926:Zhao 1999
2849:17 August
2793:cite book
2785:650825926
2693:Song 2001
2385:Song 2001
2287:822017908
2180:17 August
2175:State.gov
2075:: swimmer
2063:: swimmer
2057:: swimmer
2051:: swimmer
1997:Corporate
1658:Shen Shan
1636:Shen Chen
1512:Luzu Dadi
1384:Choy Shun
1369:Location
1366:Built by
1226:Fete Mine
1164:Tin Hao (
890:Wing Chun
700:Guangdong
582:Cantonese
522:Cantonese
306:Cantonese
257:Hong Kong
245:Guangzhou
213:Chinatown
209:Guangzhou
81:Cantonese
55:Languages
5947:Category
5907:Religion
5788:Minerals
5737:Military
5700:Politics
5677:Tromelin
5584:Nazareth
5506:Wildlife
5485:articles
5436:See also
5333:Bulgaria
5312:Portugal
5300:Southern
5207:Northern
5151:Pakistan
5091:Chin Haw
5086:Thailand
5018:Malaysia
4974:Cambodia
4953:Mongolia
4885:Suriname
4733:Suriname
4682:Americas
4669:Zimbabwe
4605:Botswana
4593:Southern
4574:Cameroon
4553:Tanzania
4543:Ethiopia
4237:(1998),
4116:and the
4017:24 April
3993:25183116
3939:25 April
3913:24 April
3882:22 April
3853:Archived
3835:23 April
3709:22 April
3679:25 April
3654:22 April
3618:24 April
3576:22 April
3530:25 April
3496:25 April
3406:25 April
3320:25 April
3285:25 April
3256:25 April
2749:24 April
2579:cite web
2400:Pan 1994
2300:Pan 1994
2248:Pan 1994
2236:Pan 1994
2212:Pan 1994
2086:See also
2081:: Tennis
1962:Politics
1915:Fengshui
1785:Kwan tee
1729:Fengshui
1693:Yu huang
1585:Present
1531:Present
1330:Choy Sun
1322:Guan Yin
1296:Buddhism
1128:festival
1099:New Year
996:Clothing
777:Sinonews
767:SinoNews
753:Most of
498:Language
112:, others
110:Buddhism
88:Religion
46:Half in
5931:Outline
5879:Culture
5830:Society
5811:Tourism
5766:Economy
5712:Cabinet
5656:Savanne
5579:Hawkins
5535:Agaléga
5496:History
5371:Oceania
5343:Romania
5326:Eastern
5267:Ireland
5262:Hungary
5257:Germany
5240:Belgium
5233:Western
5219:Finland
5214:Denmark
5123:San Diu
5103:Vietnam
5062:Sangley
5045:Panthay
5035:Myanmar
4979:Hokkien
4915:Central
4890:Uruguay
4827:Central
4785:Toronto
4723:Jamaica
4641:Réunion
4635:Namibia
4610:Lesotho
4567:Central
4527:Senegal
4522:Nigeria
4491:Morocco
4476:Algeria
4399:Fangyan
4139:Sources
4128:YouTube
4066:4141308
3984:4025351
3859:Islands
1706:Guanyin
1701:Guan Di
1615:Poo Chi
1580:Caishen
1574:Guan Di
1506:Guanyin
1495:Guan Di
1468:Guan Di
1396:Caishen
1318:Guan Di
1240:Guan Di
1232:August
1029:Cuisine
1020:chaozhu
935:Pinyin
885:Tai chi
880:Kung fu
853:Qu Yuan
696:Meixian
558:Hokkien
518:Hokkien
441:Meixian
345:Réunion
297:Meixian
286:In the
253:coolies
184:Sumatra
182:" from
73:Chinese
69:English
5847:Creole
5793:Rupee
5665:Claims
5594:Soudan
5483:
5395:Hawaii
5358:Turkey
5353:Serbia
5348:Russia
5289:London
5245:France
5224:Sweden
5200:Europe
5182:Turkey
5177:Israel
5040:Kokang
4969:Brunei
4875:Guyana
4865:Brazil
4844:Panama
4792:Mexico
4756:Canada
4713:Guyana
4698:Belize
4664:Zambia
4620:Malawi
4600:Angola
4558:Uganda
4462:Africa
4380:
4342:
4324:
4286:
4245:
4226:
4196:
4172:
4072:
4064:
4056:
3991:
3981:
3810:
3800:
3770:
3762:
3466:
3456:
3359:
3349:
2783:
2773:
2678:1 June
2669:
2642:
2617:17 May
2608:
2569:17 May
2539:
2514:17 May
2505:
2285:
2275:
2013:Sports
1514:(呂祖帝大)
1445:Buddha
1429:(福壽庵)
1324:, the
1288:Taoist
1002:shanku
982:mingzi
785:Xinhua
524:, and
486:, and
424:Fujian
412:Shunde
365:Taiwan
347:, and
314:Canton
292:Indian
281:Durban
249:Shunde
228:Fujian
224:Xiamen
215:, the
157:, are
106:Taoism
65:French
5938:Index
5912:Sport
5902:Music
5897:Media
5616:Flacq
5420:Tonga
5415:Samoa
5400:Palau
5317:Spain
5307:Italy
5250:Paris
5146:India
5134:South
5050:Pashu
4948:Korea
4943:Japan
4870:Chile
4853:South
4748:North
4718:Haiti
4548:Kenya
4512:Ghana
4486:Libya
4481:Egypt
4469:North
4410:(PDF)
4401:(3),
4395:(PDF)
4260:(PDF)
4224:S2CID
4170:S2CID
4150:(PDF)
4070:S2CID
4062:JSTOR
3768:S2CID
2840:(PDF)
2563:(PDF)
2113:Notes
1684:1951
1662:1974
1640:1951
1619:1948
1565:1895
1360:Name
1306:life.
1006:queue
635:Media
594:Hakka
589:Hakka
514:Hakka
437:Hakka
431:Hakka
310:Hakka
301:Moyen
207:from
163:China
77:Hakka
5626:Moka
5390:Fiji
5172:Iran
5165:West
5118:Nùng
5113:Ngái
5013:Laos
4936:East
4908:Asia
4880:Peru
4703:Cuba
4536:East
4517:Mali
4500:West
4418:2008
4378:ISBN
4366:2008
4340:ISBN
4322:ISBN
4310:2009
4284:ISBN
4272:2009
4243:ISBN
4194:ISBN
4181:2008
4100:2023
4054:ISSN
4019:2022
3989:PMID
3941:2022
3915:2022
3884:2022
3837:2022
3808:OCLC
3798:ISBN
3760:ISSN
3711:2022
3681:2022
3656:2022
3620:2022
3578:2022
3532:2022
3498:2022
3464:OCLC
3454:ISBN
3408:2022
3379:link
3375:link
3357:OCLC
3347:ISBN
3322:2022
3314:KOZÉ
3287:2022
3258:2022
3208:2009
3178:2009
3153:2009
3124:2009
3090:2009
3058:2009
3026:2008
2987:2008
2958:2008
2851:2018
2799:link
2781:OCLC
2771:ISBN
2751:2022
2680:2015
2667:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2619:2014
2606:ISBN
2585:link
2571:2014
2537:ISBN
2516:2014
2503:ISBN
2283:OCLC
2273:ISBN
2182:2018
1827:sega
1799:and
1603:Mazu
1595:1896
1518:Mazu
1432:1954
1337:Yudi
1290:and
1166:Mazu
1097:and
1081:The
1037:and
1011:buzi
990:xing
978:xing
940:Lee
916:and
848:zong
840:Nian
690:The
668:The
650:The
320:and
279:and
104:and
79:and
5430:An
4216:doi
4162:doi
4046:doi
3979:PMC
3971:doi
3750:doi
3400:CNN
1775:in
1022:).
949:Ng
577:Yue
414:).
226:in
153:or
108:),
5964::
5438::
4397:,
4356:,
4300:,
4262:,
4222:,
4212:33
4210:,
4168:,
4158:22
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4152:,
4125:.
4120::
4091:.
4068:.
4060:.
4052:.
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