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granite and cement rendered both internally and externally. The use of concrete in
Australian lighthouses was relatively widespread. In NSW, however, Green Cape and Smoky Cape lighthouses are the only known in-situ concrete towers and both are relatively early uses of concrete. Throughout Australia Smoky Cape is one of approximately 10 in-situ concrete towers constructed prior to 1920. The optic, cast-iron and copper lantern house are examples of the late 19th-century industrial technology. The optic is rare due to its detailed configuration consisting of triple panels which provide the triple group flash. One of numerous 12' diameter Chance lanterns, it is one of only four known to have both a trapezoidal glazing pattern and Trinity type vent.
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ruins show the more recent use of the area for defence purposes. James Barnet designed a series of lighthouse towers in NSW which are reported as being the most architecturally sophisticated in
Australia. Smoky Cape retains the distinctive bracketed capital and gunmetal balcony balustrade characteristic to Barnet's design. The pavilion entrance is also a feature reintroduced by Barnet and in evidence at Smoky Cape. The cast-iron stair is also a good example of its type.
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of coastal shipping in the late 19th century. The light tower retains its original function today using recent technology to allow for automated operation. It is a notable work of NSW Colonial
Architect James Barnet which retains components of 19th-century lighthouse technologies. This site retains evidence of cultural values, both Aboriginal and European which demonstrates the changing uses of the site, against a constant of natural values.
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rotating optic. The residences display the robust design typical of Barnet's work, planned to embody the hierarchy of the keepers. Each has a view to the tower. The design is more elaborate than its contemporaries in other States. The natural setting provides a picturesque landscape quality with a sense of isolation accentuated by the siting, with no other man-made elements visible from most of the headland or beaches.
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389:, selected the site and prepared the necessary documentation. During the design stage major changes in organisation occurred. James Barnet was dismissed in 1890 and the office of the Colonial Architect was replaced with that of Government Architect. The project was then handed to C. W. Darley, Engineer-in-Chief for Harbours and Rivers. Barnets original design was however used for the Lighthouse.
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area. It is a place that attracts many visitors to admire its character, setting and history. It is highly regarded by local and regional populations of the area as one of the oldest and substantially intact building complexes surviving from the
Colonial era. The location offers scope for the interpretation of coastal processes in conjunction with cultural values.
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an 81 acres reserve, 128 metres above sea level. By 1889 construction was well underway and a notice was given to mariner's informing them of the construction of the lighthouse with full particulars coming at a later date. It was reported the contractor, a Mr Oakes died during the construction of the complex, however it was completed by his heirs within budget.
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enclose the courtyard space to the east of the building. A concrete retaining wall forms the eastern boundary of the courtyard. All of the ceilings were battened during the 1920s through to the 1940s over either the original lath and plaster or later fibrous plaster. The ceilings to the lobby and kitchen appear to be fibre board with timber
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Three cement rendered underground water tanks remain the capacity in proportion with each residence. The accompanying pumps however have been removed. A modern steel water tank has been constructed in the courtyard of northern assistant keeper's residence. Paving, fencing, retaining walls and remnant
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with gun metal railing. The tower is entered from an enclosed passage protected by a screen wall which is constructed around the base of the structure. The floors of the storerooms are paved in concrete and cemented. The tower is divided into two storeys with iron floors and staircases. The walls are
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Tenders for the work were called in
January 1889 and the offer from Messrs. Oakes and Company was successful. The contract called for the construction of the tower and annex, the head keeper's residence and semi detached assistant keepers cottages, a coach house and stables. All were to be erected on
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Smoky Cape was named by
Captain Cook in 1770 for the large number of fires observed along the range. The Lighthouse precinct and Trial Bay Goal together provide a fine example of Colonial architecture and planning and of Colonial government settlement in the area. World War 2 radar installations and
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The northern residence now has three bedrooms, a door opening was made in the dividing party wall between the two residences and partitions erected to facilitate the use of an extra bedroom. The other, southern residence has two bedrooms in addition to kitchen, bathroom and outside toilets. Enclosed
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Smoky Cape is located to the south east of South West Rocks a seaside resort town situated at the mouth of the
Macleay River, 35 kilometres north east of Kempsey and midway between Coffs Harbour and Port Macquarie. South West Rocks has a variety of beaches facing in different directions. East of the
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The South West Rocks area was well known for many years because of its prominent coastal geography. A journal entry recorded on Sunday May 13, 1770 by
Captain James Cook describes a point "or a head land, on which we saw fires that produced a great quantity of smoke, bore W. distant four leagues. To
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Smoky Cape
Lightstation and its setting are highly significant as one of a collection of lighthouses which combine the natural values of a rugged coastal environment with the cultural values of a prominent landmark. Built as an isolated outpost of European settlement it demonstrates the development
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The lighthouse's design is unusual for its octagonal tower, and was so designed because it was easier to cast the tower in the octagonal formwork than round formwork. It has a single-story pavilion entrance, cast-iron staircase and distinctive gunmetal balustrade. It is one of only three nineteenth
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The Smoky Range is significant to the
Aboriginal populations with a number of mythological associations. In addition, the lightstation and its setting have significance to Europeans as a remote outpost continuously occupied for over 100 years and closely associated with the maritime history of the
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The light was first exhibited on the 15 April 1891. The official ceremony, attended by Darley and members of the Marine Board, taking place on the 29 April 1891. In 1912 the original light source was replaced and in 1962 was changed again to an electric lamp and new thrust bearing pedestal system.
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Smoky Cape is an outstanding and relatively intact example of a late Victorian Lightstation unique in NSW for the use of in-situ mass concrete in the construction of its main buildings. The lighthouse is a fine example constructed in an unusual hexagonal shape with a rare first order Chance Bros.
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The ground floor rooms were originally used as store and work room. In 1912 the original burner was replaced by an incandescent vaporised kerosene burner. Again in 1962 the light was altered to a mains electric operation with an increased power. The structure has also undergone a number of other
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The Lighthouse is sited on the top of a bluff, which then falls away to the sea below. The support buildings are set below and behind the lighthouse for more protection from adverse weather. The main cottage and two assistants cottages are sited on level platforms, cut into the steep slopes and
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Smoky Cape is part of a cohesive group of late 19th- and early 20th-century lightstations in NSW each of which demonstrates the incremental changes in the design and construction of the various complexes. The tower and houses are constructed of mass concrete using aggregate of locally quarried
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The northern residence has the characteristic corner wind break at the north western corner flanked by two open verandahs on the northern and western facades. A verandah located on the eastern facade of the building was enclosed during the 1970s, however the kitchen and store areas continue to
341:; it is of a considerable height, and over the pitch of the Point, is a round hillock; within it are two others, much higher and larger and within them the land is very low". Earliest European contact was not until 1816, when the brig, Trial, hijacked by convicts was wrecked at
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The Assistants quarters are two semi-detached cottages originally containing four rooms, with kitchen and store areas. The buildings were also constructed of mass concrete cement rendered externally and plastered internally. The roofs originally clad in galvanised iron.
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was wrecked in Trial Bay in 1864 and nine died in the wreck of the brig Annie Ogle in 1875. A number of ships have been wrecked in the Bay area with more lost around the headland and immediate coastline. The first action to establish a light at Smoky Cape was taken by
496:. The stables are set well below the cottages, near the entry to the precinct. The site rises steeply from the carpark to the Lighthouse and its narrow pathway is known as "Heart Attack Hill". There is little on site car parking. Cars presently can drive up a narrow
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The Headkeeper's Quarters designed in 1888 is also constructed in concrete with rendered finish. The building was constructed with two bedrooms, sitting room Inspecting Officer's Room, dining room, kitchens and stores. Most of the building was surrounded by
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gardens surround the complex. The footings of the flagstaff remain in front of the lighthouse, but the flagstaff has been removed. It was an integral part of the operation of the Lighthouse and can be partly seen in the AMSA brochure on the Lighthouse.
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which housed a subsidiary red light to cover Fish Rock. The tower is entered from an enclosed passage which also accesses the two store rooms and are also constructed of mass concrete. A screen wall also of mass concrete is built around the tower.
410:, the lighthouse precinct was used for military purposes. There was a searchlight battery and light gun emplacement, and possibly a radio room, operating there at that time. The concrete remains of the military installation are still visible.
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The Lighthouse is maintained by AMSA and has recently been painted. The original optic remains but the light source has been updated. The light still operates at night and is screened from view towards the settled areas to the south west.
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which extends north west with a west facing beach at its base. Southeast of the point are a number of small protected beaches such as Horseshoe Bay and Little Bay. Gap Beach and North Smoky are long stretches of forest fringed beaches.
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920mm thick at the base and taper to 620mm at the top and are constructed of mass concrete using locally mined granite as the aggregate and are cemented externally and internally. The gallery floor of the lantern is formed of granite
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A sum of 18,000 pounds was set aside for the construction of the complex. The Colonial Architect, James Barnet, who played an important role in the design and construction of lights at South Solitary Island,
321:, and was one of Australia's last lighthouses to be designed for architectural excellence. Standing on a granite headland 111 metres (364 ft) above the sea, its light is the highest in New South Wales.
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An early description of the tower refers to two storeys with iron floors and staircases and walls of mass concrete. The gallery round lantern is of granite supported on moulded granite
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The Lighthouse is octagonal with large single storey entry pavilion. Constructed in mass concrete the tower is 17.4 metres tall and has a Chance Bros. lantern and lens. Cast iron
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The West Coasts of North and South America (Excluding Continental U.S.A. and Hawaii), Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Islands of the North and South Pacific Oceans
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visited the area in 1817. Trial Bay was noted early as a valuable haven for passing ships during southerly gales because of its northerly aspect and position midway between
500:, but must traverse all the way up the lighthouse forecourt before turning around and descending to the small grassed plot in front of the Head Lighthouse keeper's cottage
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As a result of the Commonwealth Lighthouses Act of 1911, management of the lighthouse was transferred in 1915 to Federal control because of its status as a coastal light.
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with the corner windbreaks at the north and south eastern corners. The building extends from the north western corner and incorporates store and enclosure forming a
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377:, who in 1886 passed a resolution stating that, for the benefit of the increasing coast trade and navigation it was necessary to erect a lighthouse at Smoky Cape.
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The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
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which are connected by a central passage. Another verandah is located on the eastern facade of the building and faces a concrete retaining wall.
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The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
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The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
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The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
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revolving apparatus and lens, and lantern house, makes it an important example of late nineteenth century industrial maritime technology.
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More than twenty wrecks have occurred in the area of the headland, several of them with losses of life. Three men died when the ketch
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In 1962 the light was electrified and around 1988 it was automated. The optic system is still the original first order
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Since 1939, the lighthouse has been an Australian Bureau of Meteorology site for the gathering of climate statistics.
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The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
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The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
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which houses one of the underground water tanks. The building also has verandahs on the northern and southern
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488:, which occupies Laggers Point is a prominent tourist attraction dating from the same period as Smoky Cape.
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On May 14, 1998, Smoky Cape was the first NSW Parks and Wildlife Service lighthouse to be opened for tours.
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fabric alterations including the roofing to the pavilion which was replaced in zincalume in 1990.
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published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under
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357:. Shipping was the primary mode of trade and transport for the eastern seaboard communities.
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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The tower walls feature a number of openings including a light opening located below the
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listed on the Commonwealth Heritage List, Heritage Act — State Heritage Register
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Early use of mass concrete, together with unusual technology in lantern and lens.
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Its nearest lighthouses are South Solitary Island Lighthouse north of
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balconies provide additional space. The residences generally feature
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octagonal tower with balcony and lantern attached to 1-story building
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Representative of the work of James Barnet, NSW Colonial Architect.
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It is one of the last major lighthouse complexes designed by the
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A car park and sealed access road were added in the 1970s.
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century mass concrete lighthouses in NSW (the others being
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National Parks & Wildlife Service Section 170 Register
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on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria:
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307:, which is located just to the north of the lighthouse.
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verandahs supported on simply decorated timber posts.
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United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
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Commonwealth Heritage List places in New South Wales
1065:"Lighthouses of Australia: Northern New South Wales"
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831:says 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi).
701:The cape is a popular point for whale-watching.
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533:Small flag room and several former fuel stores.
303:. It directs boats towards the entrance to the
1201:This Knowledge article contains material from
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1035:"Climate Statistics for Australian Locations"
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827:According to "Lighthouses of Australia Inc".
1093:Lighthouses of Australia. June 1998 Bulletin
690:. The head keeper's cottage is now run as a
44:Smoky Cape Lighthouse, near South West Rocks
1175:"Smoky Cape Lighthouse Bed & Breakfast"
1173:Smoky Cape Lighthouse Bed & Breakfast.
1073:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
919:"Smoky Cape Lighthouse (listing CHL105604)"
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244:26 nautical miles (48 km; 30 mi)
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530:Small freestanding office/weather station
1000:Department of Planning & Environment
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713:Smoky Cape Lighthouse was listed on the
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16:Lighthouse in New South Wales, Australia
1572:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1207:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1182:National Parks & Wildlife Service.
995:New South Wales State Heritage Register
715:New South Wales State Heritage Register
696:NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service
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521:Two attached Assistant keepers cottages
326:New South Wales State Heritage Register
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842:"Smokey Cape Lighthouse Photo Gallery"
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1164:Lighthouses of Australia Inc (2007).
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686:The lighthouse complex is located in
508:The Lighthouse Precinct consists of:
461:). The fact that it has its original
1041:from the original on 11 October 2008
848:from the original on 12 October 2008
662:Australian Maritime Safety Authority
375:New South Wales Legislative Assembly
182:Australian Maritime Safety Authority
1562:Maritime history of New South Wales
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923:Australia Heritage Places Inventory
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566:blocks supported on molded granite
512:Lighthouse and attached engine room
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660:The lighthouse is operated by the
541:An historic view of the lighthouse
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1552:1891 establishments in Australia
1521:List of lighthouses in Australia
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809:List of lighthouses in Australia
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590:Head Lighthouse Keeper's Cottage
455:South Solitary Island Lighthouse
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900:. Lighthouses of Australia Inc.
337:this point, I gave the name of
1547:Lighthouses in New South Wales
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898:Lighthouses of New South Wales
873:Lighthouses of New South Wales
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554:lead up to the gallery level.
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1:
1542:Lighthouses completed in 1891
1157:"Smoky Cape Lighthouse Group"
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990:"Smoky Cape Lighthouse Group"
647:Other structures and elements
440:Keepers' quarters plans, 1888
1216:, accessed on 2 June 2018.
1205:, entry number 01007 in the
492:stabilised by high concrete
267:is a heritage-listed active
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1203:Smoky Cape Lighthouse Group
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666:National Trust of Australia
611:Assistant Keeper's Cottages
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1069:The Lighthouse Directory
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677:Tacking Point Lighthouse
524:Former Stables buildings
504:Buildings and structures
214:128 metres (420 ft)
159:white tower and building
143:17.4 metres (57 ft)
95:30.922889°S 153.087361°E
1166:"Smoky Cape Lighthouse"
894:"Smoky Cape Lighthouse"
167:mains electricity
787:New South Wales portal
688:Hat Head National Park
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432:Lighthouse plans, 1888
301:Hat Head National Park
100:-30.922889; 153.087361
1465:Wollongong Breakwater
1297:South Solitary Island
1292:North Solitary Island
1155:Attraction Homepage.
1104:Smoky Cape Lighthouse
656:Operation and tourism
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459:Green Cape Lighthouse
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265:Smoky Cape Lighthouse
25:Smoky Cape Lighthouse
1434:Vaucluse Bay – Front
1258:Jervis Bay Territory
1142:. 2009. p. 122.
675:, to the north, and
546:The Lighthouse Tower
324:It was added to the
283:east of the town of
1480:Point Perpendicular
1439:Vaucluse Bay – Rear
518:Headkeepers Cottage
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801:Engineering portal
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448:Plan of site, 1888
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315:colonial architect
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875:. SeaSide Lights.
692:bed and breakfast
328:on 2 April 1999.
299:, and within the
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1495:Burrewarra Point
1475:Crookhaven Heads
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1122:List of Lights,
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367:Alexander Kethel
285:South West Rocks
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1460:Wollongong Head
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1429:Western Channel
1424:Eastern Channel
1414:Robertson Point
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1317:Sugarloaf Point
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1254:New South Wales
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383:Montague Island
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312:New South Wales
293:New South Wales
233:1,000,000
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1135:List of Lights
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829:List of Lights
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86:153°05′14.5″E
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1444:Shark Island
1419:Parriwi Head
1409:Fort Denison
1399:Grotto Point
1301:
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1149:Bibliography
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1099:
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1076:. Retrieved
1068:
1043:. Retrieved
1029:
1004:. Retrieved
993:
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869:"Smoky Cape"
862:
850:. Retrieved
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319:James Barnet
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264:
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224:Fresnel lens
222:First order
211:Focal height
164:Power source
124:Construction
83:30°55′22.4″S
18:
1490:Warden Head
1453:South Coast
1332:Nobbys Head
1322:Nelson Head
1312:Crowdy Head
1272:Fingal Head
1265:North Coast
1250:Lighthouses
1192:Attribution
1045:16 February
852:13 February
559:cantilevers
469:Description
408:World War 2
406:During the
371:West Sydney
271:located on
116:Constructed
98: /
73:Coordinates
1536:Categories
1505:Green Cape
1380:Cape Baily
1365:Barrenjoey
1337:Norah Head
1302:Smoky Cape
1277:Cape Byron
1113:References
387:Green Cape
347:John Oxley
339:Smoky Cape
273:Smoky Cape
269:lighthouse
58:Smoky Cape
21:Lighthouse
1375:Macquarie
1211:CC-BY 4.0
1124:Pub. 111:
1019:CC-BY 4.0
601:courtyard
343:Trial Bay
297:Australia
230:Intensity
132:Automated
66:Australia
1517:See also
1355:Outside
1039:Archived
1002:. H01007
846:Archived
773:See also
634:chimneys
597:verandah
568:brackets
564:voussoir
498:driveway
355:Brisbane
277:headland
187:Heritage
179:Operator
156:Markings
54:Location
1389:Inside
1214:licence
1022:licence
668:(NSW).
622:battens
605:facades
575:balcony
474:Context
373:in the
332:History
281:Arakoon
1370:Hornby
1006:2 June
630:hipped
552:stairs
527:Garage
424:Design
351:Sydney
140:Height
1470:Kiama
1130:(PDF)
1078:2 May
815:Notes
241:Range
206:Light
148:Shape
111:Tower
27:
1256:and
1080:2010
1047:2009
1008:2018
854:2009
636:and
457:and
385:and
353:and
275:, a
219:Lens
135:1988
119:1891
1252:of
679:at
279:in
1538::
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235:cd
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1024:.
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856:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
