3872:
for other
African-American artists seeking broad market acceptance, and that they should think, act, walk and talk like royalty, so as to alter the less-than-dignified image commonly held of black musicians by white Americans in that era. Given that many of the talented young artists had been raised in housing projects and lacked the necessary social and dress experience, this Motown department was not only necessary, it created an elegant style of presentation long associated with the label. The artist development department specialized primarily in working with younger, less-experienced acts; experienced performers such as
2482:
8394:
8013:
8382:
2154:. Seeing that the song had great crossover potential, Gordy leased it to United Artists for national distribution but also released it locally on his own startup imprint. Needing $ 800 to cover his end of the deal, Gordy asked his family to borrow money from a cooperative family savings account. After some debate, his family agreed, and in January 1959 "Come to Me" was released regionally on Gordy's new Tamla label. Gordy originally wanted to name the label Tammy Records, after the hit
1820:
2104:
65:
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meetings every Friday morning, and used veto power to ensure that only the very best material and performances would be released. The test was that every new release needed to fit into a sequence of the top five selling pop singles of the week. Several tracks that later became critical and commercial favorites were initially rejected by Gordy, the two most notable being the Marvin Gaye songs "
4073:
2865:. Seagram had purchased Motown's former parent MCA in 1995, and Motown was in effect reunited with many of its MCA corporate siblings (Seagram had hoped to build a media empire around Universal, and started by purchasing PolyGram). Universal briefly considered shuttering the label, but instead decided to restructure it.
3907:
with the same writers, producers and musicians working on all the major subsidiaries, and artists were often shuffled between labels for internal marketing reasons. All of these records are usually considered to be "Motown" records, regardless of whether they actually appeared on the Motown
Records label itself.
2211:
and converted the main floor into a recording studio and office space. Now, rather than shopping his songs to other artists or leasing his recordings to outside companies, Gordy began using the Tamla and Motown imprints to release songs that he wrote and produced. He incorporated Motown
Records in April 1960.
3621:
The Motown production process has been described as factory-like. The
Hitsville studios remained open and active 22 hours a day, and artists would often go on tour for weeks, come back to Detroit to record as many songs as possible, and then promptly go on tour again. Berry Gordy held quality control
3609:
that the sound consisted of songs with simple structures but sophisticated melodies, along with a four-beat drum pattern, regular use of horns and strings, and "a trebly style of mixing that relied heavily on electronic limiting and equalizing (boosting the high range frequencies) to give the overall
2999:
would join the Motown label both as an artist as well as the new Senior Vice
President of A&R. On April 1, 2014, it was announced that Island Def Jam would no longer be running following the resignation of CEO Barry Weiss. A press release sent out by Universal Music Group announced that the label
2476:
Into the 1960s, I was still not of a frame of mind that we were not only making music, we were making history. But I did recognize the impact because acts were going all over the world at that time. I recognized the bridges that we crossed, the racial problems and the barriers that we broke down with
2210:
which was considered the best studio in town. However, producing at United Sound
Systems was financially taxing and not appropriate for every job, so Gordy decided it would be more cost effective to maintain his own facility. In mid-1959, he purchased a photography studio at 2648 West Grand Boulevard
3941:
called "New
Immigration Law". Tamla also had a sub-label called Penny Records in 1959; artists on that label included Bryan Brent And The Cut Outs, who recorded a single for the label entitled "Vacation Time" b/w "For Eternity" (2201). In 2023, it was announced that Tamla would be re-activated again
3871:
Artist development was a major part of Motown's operations instituted by Berry Gordy. The acts on the Motown label were fastidiously groomed, dressed and choreographed for live performances. Motown artists were advised that their breakthrough into the white popular music market made them ambassadors
2593:
left the label in 1967 over royalty-payment disputes, Norman
Whitfield became the company's top producer, turning out hits for the Temptations, Marvin Gaye, Gladys Knight & the Pips and Rare Earth. In the meantime Berry Gordy established Motown Productions, a television subsidiary which produced
3906:
Many more subsidiary labels were established later under the umbrella of the Motown parent company, including Gordy
Records, Soul Records and VIP Records; in reality the Motown Record Corporation controlled all of these labels. Most of the distinctions between Motown labels were largely arbitrary,
3916:
Tamla
Records: Established 1959, Tamla was a primary subsidiary for mainstream R&B/soul music. Tamla is the company's original label: Gordy founded Tamla Records several months before establishing the Motown Record Corporation. The label's numbering system was combined with those of Motown and
2191:
Gordy looked toward creative self-sufficiency and established the publishing firm Jobete in June 1959 (incorporated in Michigan). He applied for copyrights on more than seventy songs before the end of 1959, including material used for the Miracles and Frances Burnett records, which were leased to
2722:
executive, opined that Motown leaving its birth city marked a decline in the label's quality. "Something happened when left Detroit and came to ," he said. "They quit being innovators and started following trends. Before, Berry had a much more hands-on approach. And maybe you lose some of your
2477:
music. I recognized that because I lived it. I would come to the South in the early days of Motown and the audiences would be segregated. Then they started to get the Motown music and we would go back and the audiences were integrated and the kids were dancing together and holding hands.
2218:, including his father Berry Sr., brothers Robert and George, and sister Esther, were given key roles in the company. By the middle of the decade, Gwen and Anna Gordy had joined the label in administrative positions as well. Gordy's partner at the time (and wife from 1960 to 1964),
2657:
Motown had established branch offices in both New York City and Los Angeles during the mid-1960s, and by 1969 had begun gradually moving more of its operations to Los Angeles. The company moved all of its operations to Los Angeles in June 1972, with a number of artists, among them
2168:, in which Reynolds also starred. When he found the name was already in use, Berry decided on Tamla instead. In April 1959, Gordy and his sister Gwen founded Anna Records which released about two dozen singles between 1959 and 1960. The most popular was Barrett Strong's "
3610:
product a distinctive sound, particularly effective for broadcast over AM radio". Pop production techniques such as the use of orchestral string sections, charted horn sections, and carefully arranged background vocals were also used. Complex arrangements and elaborate,
2666:
studio band, either staying behind in Detroit or leaving the company for other reasons. By re-locating, Motown aimed chiefly to branch out into the motion-picture industry, and Motown Productions got its start in film by turning out two hit-vehicles for
4493:
Prodigal Records.: Purchased by Motown in 1976, Motown used Prodigal Records as a second rock music subsidiary; a successor label to Rare Earth Records. The Rare Earth band moved over to the label following the Rare Earth label's demise. Pop singer
3732:
People would listen to it, and they'd say, 'Aha, they use more bass. Or they use more drums.' Bullshit. When we were first successful with it, people were coming from Germany, France, Italy, Mobile, Alabama. From New York, Chicago, California. From
2234:
studio. The photography studio located in the back of the property was modified into a small recording studio, and the Gordys moved into the second-floor living quarters. Within seven years, Motown would occupy seven additional neighboring houses:
3767:
In addition to the songwriting process of the writers and producers, one of the major factors in the widespread appeal of Motown's music was Gordy's practice of using a highly-select and tight-knit group of studio musicians, collectively known as
4028:), the name was changed in 1962 to avoid confusion with the Miracles singing group. The label's numbering system was combined with those of Motown and Tamla in 1982, and the label was merged with Motown in 1988. Notable Gordy artists included
4598:
Natural Resources: This label was active from 1972 to 1973 and in 1976 as a minor subsidiary for white artists and instrumental bands. It later served as a label for Motown, Tamla and Gordy reissues and Motown compilation albums in 1978 and
2814:. Busby quarreled with MCA, alleging that the company did not give Motown's product adequate attention or promotion. In 1991, Motown sued MCA to have its distribution deal with the company terminated, and began releasing its product through
4519:
mpany". As the name suggests, Morocco was a rock music subsidiary. Active from 1983 to 1984, it was a short-lived attempt to revive the Rare Earth Records concept. Only seven albums were released on the label. Its two most promising acts,
2616:. The company loosened its production rules, allowing some of its longtime artists the opportunity to write and produce more of their own material. This resulted in the recordings of successful and critically acclaimed albums such as
4179:
Motown Yesteryear: a label created in late 1970s and used through the 1980s for the reissues of 7-inch singles from all eras of the company's history, after printing in the initial label has ceased. One Motown Yesteryear single made
5501:
3850:
Much of the Motown sound came from the use of overdubbed and duplicated instrumentation. Motown songs regularly featured two drummers instead of one (either overdubbed or in unison), as well as three or four guitar lines. Bassist
1755:
1642:
2829:. Harrell served as Motown's CEO for just under two years, leaving the company after receiving bad publicity for being inefficient. Danny Goldberg, who ran PolyGram's Mercury Records group, assumed control of Motown, and
2202:
of Detroit called Gordy an "independent producer of records", as his contributions to the city were beginning to attract notice. By that time, he was the president of Jobete, Tamla, and the music writing company Rayber.
4089:, Tamla Motown issued the releases on the American Motown labels, using its own numbering system. In some cases, Tamla Motown would issue singles and albums not released in the United States (for example, the singles "
7747:
4143:
MoWest Records: MoWest was a short-lived (1971–1973; 1976 in UK) subsidiary for R&B/soul artists based on the West Coast. Shut down when the main Motown office moved to Los Angeles. Notable artists included
2100:", a peak-popular hit of 1958. Between 1957 and 1958, Gordy wrote or produced over a hundred sides for various artists, with his siblings Anna, Gwen and Robert, and other collaborators in varying combinations.
5022:
2880:
Diana Ross, Smokey Robinson, Stevie Wonder, and the Temptations had remained with the label since its early days, although all except Wonder recorded for other labels for several years. Ross left Motown for
4176:. Unlike other Motown releases in the UK that were released by Tamla Motown, MoWest retained its US label design and logo for its UK releases as well. In fact, MoWest lasted longer in the UK up until 1976.
2783:(which began a North American distribution deal with the label in 1983) and Boston Ventures in June 1988 for $ 61 million. In 1989, Gordy sold the Motown Productions TV/film operations to Motown executive
2076:. Although the shop did not last very long, Gordy's interest in the music business did not fade. He frequented Detroit's downtown nightclubs, and in the Flame Show Bar he met bar manager Al Green (not the
4857:
5952:
4678:, from 1974 to 1975. CTI subsidiaries distributed by Motown included Kudu Records, Three Brothers Records, and Salvation Records. With a few exceptions, the bulk of CTI's recordings is now owned by
4971:
1627:
5493:
1559:
3903:
should DJs play too many records from the original Tamla label, Gordy formed Motown Records as a second label in 1960. The two labels featured the same writers, producers and artists.
1637:
2751:
Despite losing Holland–Dozier–Holland, Norman Whitfield, and some of its other hitmakers by 1975, Motown still had a number of successful artists during the 1970s and 1980s, including
3837:, which publicised the fact that these musicians "played on more number-one records than The Beatles, Elvis, The Rolling Stones, and The Beach Boys combined". Ashford later played on
1622:
6622:
3737:. Just to record in Detroit. They figured it was in the air, that if they came to Detroit and recorded on the freeway, they'd get the Motown sound. Listen, the Motown sound to me is
2955:. Motown celebrated its 50th anniversary on January 12, 2009, and celebrated it in Detroit on November 20, 2009, in a black-tie Gala titled "Live It Again!" The event was hosted by
2239:
Hitsville U.S.A., 1959 – (ground floor) administrative office, tape library, control room, Studio A; (upper floor) Gordy living quarters (1959–62), artists and repertoire (1962–72)
7575:
7037:
4128:
Miracle Records: Short-lived (1961) R&B/soul subsidiary that lasted less than a year. Some pressings featured the infamous tagline, "If it's a hit, it's a Miracle." Renamed
275:
7032:
921:
3741:
an audible sound. It's spiritual, and it comes from the people that make it happen. What other people didn't realize is that we just had one studio there, but we recorded in
5441:
4997:
2307:
in 1960. It was Tamla's first million-selling record. On April 14, 1960, Motown and Tamla Records merged into a new company called Motown Record Corporation. A year later,
2068:'s interest in the record business began when he opened a record store called the 3D Record Mart, a shop where he hoped to "educate customers about the beauty of jazz", in
334:
286:
4452:'s CTI/Kudu albums under the Classic Mo Jazz subsidiary. This label (including its roster and catalog) was folded into Verve Records after the PolyGram/Universal merger.
5532:
5471:
2810:, although the company itself remained in a state of turmoil. MCA appointed a series of executives to run the company, beginning with Berry Gordy's immediate successor,
1632:
1584:
7782:
4423:
instrumental released in September 1969, "Do The Choo-Choo" with b-side "Do The Choo-Choo Pt II" written by L. Chandler, E. Willis, J. Ashford, with label number 1107.
4229:. The label was dissolved in 1978. This label has no affiliation with the short-lived S.O.U.L. Records, an early 1990s imprint that was founded by the production team
1594:
1589:
3891:", and, later, around the world. The tours gave the younger artists a chance to hone their performance and social skills and learn from the more experienced artists.
5018:
1860:
1604:
4269:
album, was issued. This release featured the tongue-in-cheek tagline: "Your Favorite Artists Are On Weed". The logo was a parody of the "Snapping Fingers" logo for
2515:
7979:
3772:, to record the instrumental or "band" tracks of a majority of Motown recordings. Among the studio musicians responsible for the "Motown sound" were keyboardists
7641:
7603:
1574:
4466:(after whom the label was named), Rare Earth Records was a subsidiary focusing on blues-oriented and progressive rock styles. Notable acts included Rare Earth,
7722:
6442:
4849:
477:
5380:
2799:(Sony/ATV until 2021) through the acquisition of EMI Music Publishing in 2012 (as a leader of the consortium and eventually assigned full ownership in 2018).
1987:
division of Universal Music. In 2014, however, UMG announced the dissolution of Island Def Jam, and Motown relocated back to Los Angeles to operate under the
1939:
appeal. Motown was the most successful soul music label, with a net worth of $ 61 million. During the 1960s, Motown achieved 79 records in the top-ten of the
4575:
subsidiary that focused mainly on albums featuring progressive political and pro-civil rights speeches/poetry. Black Forum issued recordings by the Rev. Dr.
3000:
would now be reorganizing Def Jam Recordings, Island Records and Motown Records all as separate entities. Motown would then begin serving as a subsidiary of
1509:
1499:
318:
4256:. V.I.P. also was the outlet for pop records that were leased to Motown by EMI (the distributor of Tamla-Motown in Europe). The label was dissolved in 1974.
8459:
7154:
2000:
1579:
256:
7921:
6205:
5614:
4967:
8524:
1569:
1564:
6095:
2096:" was their first major hit which appeared in November 1957. During the next eighteen months, Gordy helped to write six more Wilson A-sides, including "
7742:
7144:
7047:
5649:
7656:
2135:, based in New York. The practice was common at the time for a small-time producer. "Got a Job" was the first single by Robinson's group, now called
1599:
1479:
2111:
Motown building, at 2648 West Grand Boulevard in Detroit, Motown's headquarters from 1959 to 1968, which became the Motown Historical Museum in 1985
5592:
7717:
7292:
6999:
5554:
795:
2469:
styles. Under the slogan "The Sound of Young America", Motown's acts were enjoying widespread popularity among black and white audiences alike.
6639:
3630:". In several cases, producers would rework tracks in hopes of eventually getting them approved at a later Friday morning meeting, as producer
1834:
1735:
482:
354:
208:
5924:
4891:
4549:
Divinity Records.: Short-lived (1962–1963) gospel subsidiary. With five releases by artists- Wright Specials, Gospel Stars, Bernadettes, and
1853:
8514:
2222:, also played a key role in the early days of Motown, leading the company's first session group, The Rayber Voices, and overseeing Jobete.
1789:
1769:
1529:
1021:
1006:
493:
6288:
8001:
1534:
1514:
4311:
threatened legal action, the name was changed to Hitsville in 1976. Like Mel-o-dy before it, Hitsville focused on country music. Run by
3957:
as well). The label's numbering system was combined with those of Tamla and Gordy in 1982, and the label (and company) was purchased by
8494:
8484:
8434:
7431:
800:
261:
7421:
8439:
2885:
from 1981 to 1988, but returned in 1989 and stayed until 2002, while Robinson left Motown in 1991 (although he did return to release
1464:
1341:
375:
5098:
4426:
Mo Jazz Records.: Another jazz label created in the 1990s, this was Motown's most successful jazz imprint. Notable artists included
2374:
had hits on the Tamla label. The company operated several labels in addition to the Tamla and Motown imprints. A third label, which
8519:
8489:
8424:
8009:
7416:
6061:
5281:
Many of Rare Earth's groups, including a popular band called Rare Earth, explored heavy blues-oriented and progressive rock styles.
5077:
3833:
2995:. Artists from Universal Motown were transferred to the newly revitalized Motown label. On January 25, 2012, it was announced that
2987:
In mid-2011, Universal Motown reverted to the Motown brand after having been separated from Universal Motown Republic Group, hired
2916:
1846:
1784:
1549:
1504:
6414:
5433:
5001:
2262:(instructor in grooming, poise, and social graces for Motown artists), Maurice King (vocal coach, musical director and arranger),
8499:
8444:
5054:
3953:
Motown Records: Established 1960, Motown was and remains the company's main label for mainstream R&B/soul music (and, today,
1957:
that year over pay disputes, Gordy moved Motown to Los Angeles, California. Motown expanded into film and television production.
1750:
1494:
1489:
1474:
2508:
as his home, leaving his previous home to his sister Anna and then-husband Marvin Gaye (where photos for the cover of his album
2214:
Smokey Robinson became the vice president of the company (and later named his daughter "Tamla" and his son "Berry"). Several of
7411:
2622:
2510:
1469:
1454:
1361:
5524:
5463:
2522:, and moved Motown's Detroit offices there (the Donovan building was demolished in January 2006 to provide parking spaces for
6476:
1421:
498:
487:
349:
303:
298:
271:
6236:
4020:
Gordy Records: Established 1962, Gordy was also a primary subsidiary for mainstream R&B/soul music. Originally known as
2791:
and continues to run it as of 2018. Gordy continued to retain the Jobete music publishing catalog, selling it separately to
2206:
Gordy worked in various Detroit-based studios during this period to produce recordings and demos, but most prominently with
7757:
1524:
1484:
1426:
1381:
241:
6323:
4273:, but the hand in this case is holding up a peace sign. The name "Weed Records" is now owned by the Tokyo/New York-based
7360:
6992:
4816:
1996:
1411:
1391:
1236:
805:
651:
6266:
3716:
The style created by the Motown musicians was a major influence on several non-Motown artists of the mid-1960s, such as
2176:, and produced by Gordy. Many of the songs distributed locally by Anna and Tamla Records were nationally distributed by
1968:
purchased the label from MCA in 1993, followed by MCA successor Universal Music Group, which acquired PolyGram in 1999.
7272:
6435:
2726:
By the 1970s, the Motown "hit factory" had become a target of a backlash from some fans of rock music. Record producer
1539:
1519:
1073:
938:
370:
6383:
4169:
8504:
6565:
6544:
6041:
5995:
5374:
5267:
5195:
4948:
4292:
Mel-o-dy Records.: Established in 1962 as a secondary R&B/soul music subsidiary, Mel-o-dy later focused on white
4222:
3666:
2320:
419:
251:
2119:, a local seventeen-year-old singer fronting a vocal harmony group called the Matadors. Gordy was interested in the
7798:
6673:
5895:
5364:
4363:
Mad Sounds Recordings.: Short-lived hip-hop/rap subsidiary label, released five albums in the mid-1990s- including
3623:
2886:
2869:, a producer for Erykah Badu, became the head of the label, and oversaw successful recordings from Badu, McKnight,
1888:
as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960. Its name, a
1829:
1765:
1376:
1026:
439:
339:
5410:
2269:
Two houses for administrative offices, 1966 – sales and marketing, traveling and traffic, and mixing and mastering
8429:
8372:
7994:
7403:
7067:
5867:
4357:
4339:
4334:
M.C. Records: Operated 1977 to 1978 as a continuation of the Hitsville label. A joint venture between Gordy and
2924:
2695:
2505:
2494:
1980:
1331:
1198:
1016:
943:
117:
4913:
8454:
6985:
6732:
6701:
6178:
5618:
4409:(whose recordings for the label went unissued for 30 years). The Workshop Jazz catalog is currently managed by
3646:
3004:. In late 2018, Motown began celebrating its 60th anniversary by reissuing numerous albums from their catalog.
2992:
2590:
2147:
1984:
1954:
1740:
1416:
1366:
137:
6155:
7732:
7105:
7095:
6085:
5783:
5182:
4692:
Gull Records: A UK-based label still in operation, Motown released Gull's output in the US in 1975. Gull had
4241:
4206:
3943:
3817:
2422:
2403:
2169:
1431:
1401:
1386:
1371:
1346:
1326:
948:
582:
449:
6584:
7737:
5641:
4365:
4245:
3958:
2737:
2730:
recalls of this period: "I was a DJ for years and I worked for Motown – the press at the time, papers like
2407:
1459:
1351:
1336:
1321:
1288:
587:
266:
17:
5140:
4689:
and distributed by Motown. Only release: single "In My Own Lifetime"/"I'll Begin Again", by Davis in 1971.
8464:
8449:
7765:
7517:
4483:
4308:
4214:
2677:
2438:
1682:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1406:
878:
669:
639:
577:
526:
454:
344:
145:
5944:
5336:
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in 1977, but returned in 1980 and eventually left again in 2004. Wonder finally left the label in 2020.
2180:(sometimes with Anna and Tamla imprints). Gordy's relationship with Chess fostered closer dealings with
8509:
8479:
7987:
7803:
6957:
5584:
5313:
4727:
4402:
4401:
subsidiary, active from 1962 to 1964. Notable Workshop Jazz artists included the George Bohannon Trio,
4094:
3801:
3777:
3471:
2450:
2049:
1697:
1677:
1180:
1115:
888:
790:
757:
544:
429:
5562:
8469:
7777:
7608:
7593:
7441:
7426:
7267:
6952:
6752:
6346:
6019:
4709:
4702:, intended for release by Motown in the US, was issued after the Motown/Gull Deal had fallen through.
4616:
Gaiee Records.: Only one single was released on this label, in 1975; Valentino's gay/lesbian anthem "
4236:
V.I.P. Records: Established in 1964, V.I.P. was an R&B/soul subsidiary. Notable artists included
3860:
3635:
3627:
3592:
2870:
2830:
2779:. By the mid-1980s, Motown had started losing money, and Berry Gordy sold his ownership in Motown to
2578:
2519:
2139:. Gordy recorded a number of other records by forging a similar arrangement, most significantly with
1652:
1396:
1356:
645:
7393:
6634:
4331:. The label was dissolved in 1977. In the UK, Melodyland/Hitsville material was released on MoWest.
7821:
7449:
6696:
6066:
5797:
4883:
4679:
4500:
4427:
4122:
4033:
3793:
2944:
2920:
2902:
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2123:
style that Robinson sang. In 1958, Gordy recorded the group's song "Got a Job" (an answer song to "
2089:
1231:
1011:
858:
742:
516:
397:
225:
5811:
4197:
Soul Records: Established in 1964, Soul was a R&B/soul subsidiary for releases with less of a
4085:
label, established in March 1965 and folded into the regular Motown label in 1976. Distributed by
2080:), who owned a music publishing company called Pearl Music and represented Detroit-based musician
8398:
7847:
7149:
4730:. The label releases compilation albums and has its own artists signed to the Motown/NBA imprint.
4504:
was originally released and charted on this label in 1977 (#97). Prodigal was dissolved in 1978.
4161:
3682:
1745:
1687:
1150:
1110:
833:
732:
610:
424:
35:
5337:"The End of an Era: Expected Sale of the Legendary Motown Label Stirs Some Bittersweet Emotions"
2131:), and released it as a single by leasing the record to a larger company outside Detroit called
8017:
7937:
7826:
7709:
7623:
7613:
7388:
7302:
7239:
6292:
5727:
4576:
4566:
3027:
2788:
2540:
2315:". By the mid-1960s, the company, with the help of songwriters and producers such as Robinson,
2276:
Motown had hired over 450 employees and had a gross income of $ 20 million by the end of 1966.
2164:
2140:
1927:, the brand used outside the US) were the most prominent exponents of what became known as the
444:
434:
414:
5713:
5685:
5257:
3937:. Tamla was briefly re-activated in 1996 as a reggae label, but only released a 12" single by
8474:
7479:
7184:
7127:
7008:
6070:
5825:
5769:
5755:
5341:
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3781:
3112:
2862:
2796:
2566:
1881:
1068:
1058:
990:
953:
737:
727:
627:
308:
75:
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Gordy in 1982, and the label was merged with Motown in 1988. Notable Tamla artists included
3575:"The Motown sound". Crafted with an ear towards pop appeal, the Motown sound typically used
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Jobete Publishing office, 1961 – sales, billing, collections, shipping, and public relations
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Jon Fitzgerald (January 1995). "Motown Crossover Hits 1963–1966 and the Creative Process".
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Rickey Vincent, "Louder Than a Bomb: On The Sounds of Black Power" (review of Pat Thomas,
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issued the releases for Motown from 1963 to 1965, when the Tamla Motown label was created.
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5555:"Rob Markham, "Ne-Yo Leaves Def Jam To Become Motown Exec", MTV News, January 25, 2012"
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of his right hand, and created many of the basslines apparent on Motown songs such as "
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Pitts, Leonard, Jr. “The Motown Factor”. Jazziz. Issue 20.12. Dec. 2003. 60–62. Print.
5078:"Ethiopia Habtemariam, Motown Records' New CEO, on Recentering Black Music in Culture"
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for the first time in nearly 30 years. This time around, it will be relaunched under
2573:" by Mary Wells were Motown's first British top-20 hits). Eventually, EMI created the
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from 1973 to 1975 but switched to Motown distribution until the label folded in 1977.
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Jointly with YRN The Label (formerly with Quality Control Music and Capitol Records)
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1950:
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5494:"Motown celebrates its 50th anniversary with Stevie Wonder, Temptations performance"
4486:. The label also was the subsidiary to house the first white band signed to Motown,
4356:, it had one 12-inch dance release in 1983, the ten-minute rap track "The Crown" by
4113:
Check-Mate Records: Short-lived (1961–1962) R&B/soul subsidiary, purchased from
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as an imprint devoted solely to positive R&B and hip hop. Tamla Records slogan:
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4097:" by Diana Ross & the Supremes with the Temptations, as well as the successful
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5045:"Motown Records Leads the 2018 Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Class of Inductees"
3147:
Jointly with YRN The Label, Quality Control Music (formerly with Capitol Records)
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In the United Kingdom, Motown's records were released on various labels: at first
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747:
6179:"Historic Label Tamla Records Relaunched As 'Positive' Hip-Hop, R&B Imprint"
4668:, from 1969 to 1972 (prior to that, the label was distributed by Vault Records).
2445:). Many more Motown-owned labels released recordings in other genres, including
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movement. Smokey Robinson said the Motown sound had little to do with Detroit:
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3615:
3389:
2948:
2846:
2826:
2772:
2719:
2701:
2672:
2559:" by Little Stevie Wonder was one of many). In 1963, Motown signed with EMI's
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Many of the young artists participated in an annual package tour called the "
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This article is about the record label. For the city known by that name, see
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were taken). In 1968, Gordy purchased the Donovan building on the corner of
8195:
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7297:
7174:
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6727:
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5187:
4943:(1st ed.). Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press. p. 198.
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During the 1990s, Motown was home to successful recording artists such as
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named after himself (though it was originally called "Miracle") featured
2363:
2300:", the Miracles' first number 1 R&B hit, peaked at number two on the
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1961:
1889:
1885:
1449:
1105:
958:
838:
622:
177:
127:
104:
6977:
5925:"Soul Metal Outfit Invasion On The Power Of Motown, Metallica And Magic"
3614:
vocal riffs were avoided. Motown producers believed steadfastly in the "
2530:, and its recording studio became "Studio B" to Hitsville's "Studio A".
8285:
8265:
8140:
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7874:
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4649:. The label operated throughout most of the 1990s. Its roster included
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4006:
3990:
3962:
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3847:, whose recording and production were modelled after the Motown sound.
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2842:
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2347:
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2285:
2037:
2025:
2021:
2017:
announced that she would be stepping down as chairwoman/CEO of Motown.
1932:
554:
293:
181:
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4553:. Label sequence starts at 99004 to 99008, the final recording being "
3583:, prominent and often melodic electric bass-guitar lines, distinctive
8355:
8350:
8340:
8335:
8330:
7945:
7057:
6603:
4917:
4806:
4621:
4550:
4406:
4335:
4320:
4312:
3998:
3970:
3938:
3706:
3580:
3572:
3515:
2768:
2581:" by the Supremes was the first Tamla Motown release in March 1965).
2351:
2272:
ITMI (International Talent Management Inc.) office, 1966 – management
1936:
1779:
1120:
853:
632:
459:
4968:"Ethiopia Habtemariam Named Senior Vice President of Motown Records"
3641:
Many of Motown's best-known songs, including all the early hits for
2818:. PolyGram purchased Motown from Boston Ventures three years later.
8245:
6127:
4674:: Motown distributed output for CTI Records, a jazz label owned by
4173:
3749:, New York, L.A.—almost every big city. And we still got the sound.
3571:
Motown specialized in a type of soul music it referred to with the
3547:
3188:
2976:
2854:
2815:
2549:("Please Mr. Postman" by the Marvelettes was one of four) and then
2245:
Berry Gordy Jr. Enterprise, 1962 – offices for Berry Gordy Jr. and
2084:. Gordy soon became part of a group of songwriters—with his sister
2077:
2073:
2033:
1965:
1923:
success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including
1165:
1090:
1083:
7920:
5019:"Brandon Creed Joins Universal Republic And Island Def Jam Motown"
4664:
Chisa Records: Motown released output for Chisa, a label owned by
3724:. In the United Kingdom, the Motown sound became the basis of the
3634:
did with "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" and the Temptations' "
2342:
hits. Top artists on the Motown label during that period included
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8079:
8074:
7953:
7929:
6617:
4475:
4061:
3742:
3611:
3418:
2858:
2776:
2490:
2258:(head of artist development and producer of stage performances),
2120:
2069:
1901:
1253:
559:
31:
6581:
6128:"Crossover Fatigue: The Persistence of Gender at Motown Records"
4338:. The Mel-o-dy, Hitsville, and M.C. catalogs are now managed by
2103:
8220:
8059:
6598:
6536:
Where Did Our Love Go?: The Rise & Fall of the Motown Sound
6438:
Listen, Whitey!: the Sights and Sounds of Black Power 1965–1975
4259:
Weed Records: A very short-lived subsidiary. Only one release,
3900:
3584:
3018:
Motown Records joined Interscope Capitol Labels Group in 2024.
2662:, the Four Tops, Gladys Knight & the Pips, and many of the
2602:
2570:
2441:(who had found success before joining Motown, as "The Pips" on
2316:
2052:, and several other artists in the hip-hop and R&B genres.
1160:
5136:
4734:
4462:
Rare Earth Records.: Established in 1969 after the signing of
2230:
The studio that Gordy purchased in 1959 would become Motown's
64:
8345:
8270:
8260:
8185:
8180:
8105:
8064:
6593:
4716:
artists. Manticore was originally distributed in the U.S. by
4202:
3661:). Other important Motown producers and songwriters included
3455:
3162:
3139:
3084:
2996:
2836:
2041:
2029:
933:
6206:"Capitol Brings Back Storied Label Tamla Records: Exclusive"
5309:
4438:, and J. Spencer. It also reissued instrumental albums like
4188:' "Do You Love Me", in 1988, when its inclusion in the film
2748:. Things don't change. Nowadays, of course, Motown is hip."
2457:(country, although it was originally an R&B label), and
8160:
8084:
7831:
4877:
4875:
4628:
4398:
4198:
963:
193:
4708:: A record label created by the members of the rock group
4602:
Motown Latino Records.: Short-lived (1982) subsidiary for
3007:
Motown UK launched in September 2020 under Universal UK's
2600:, with Diana Ross & the Supremes and the Temptations,
6651:
6230:
6001:
5896:"Noby Drops Paranoid R&B Hymn 'It's Never That Deep'"
4850:"A revitalized Capitol Records forges a new path forward"
4086:
3210:
2795:
in parts between 1997 and 2004. It is currently owned by
2732:
4872:
2923:
and placed under the newly created umbrella division of
5099:"Ethiopia Habtemariam to Step Down From Motown Records"
4561:, was withdrawn and transferred to GORDY 7023B as the "
4132:
in 1962. Notable releases included early recordings by
4082:
3828:. The band's career and work is chronicled in the 2002
3183:
Jointly with Quality Control Music and Capitol Records
2723:
desire after you get to a certain level financially."
4712:. Manticore released albums by ELP and various other
5977:(New York: Motown Record Co./Universal Music, 2000).
5973:
Chin, Brian & David Nathan, "Reflections Of..."
4769:
4557:" (for label number 99008) that was recorded in the
2500:
In 1967, Berry Gordy purchased what is now known as
41:"Tamla" redirects here. For people named Tamla, see
5464:"Motown Celebrates 50th Anniversary in Grand Style"
4685:Ecology Records: A very short-lived label owned by
4620:", which was later covered by fellow Motown artist
4315:and Ray Ruff, Hitsville's notable artists included
2020:As of 2023, the label has many acts signed such as
1756:
Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers
2472:Smokey Robinson said of Motown's cultural impact:
2335:, had become a major force in the music industry.
1953:, and the loss of key songwriting/production team
27:Record label originally based in Detroit, Michigan
5990:(Lanham, MD: Cooper Square, 1988; updated 2002).
5013:
5011:
4790:issued the releases for Motown from 1962 to 1963.
4784:issued the releases for Motown from 1961 to 1962.
4778:issued the releases for Motown from 1960 to 1961.
2991:as its Senior Vice President, and operated under
2188:. Harvey Fuqua later married Gwen Gordy in 1961.
8411:
5366:The Nineties: What the F**ck Was That All About?
5304:
5302:
2251:Finance department, 1965 – royalties and payroll
1971:Motown spent much of the 2000s headquartered in
1904:, where the label was originally headquartered.
6604:Complete discography of pre-1986 Motown singles
6557:I Hear a Symphony: Motown and Crossover R&B
6469:I Hear a Symphony: Motown and Crossover R&B
6125:
5259:I Hear a Symphony: Motown and Crossover R&B
4352:Wondirection Records.: A record label owned by
2927:. Notable artists on Universal Motown included
6609:Complete discography of pre-1986 Motown albums
6492:
6231:Mike Callahan, Patrice Eyries, David Edwards.
5868:"YoungBoy Never Broke Again Signs With Motown"
5008:
4998:"A Young Music Executive Takes Over at Motown"
4637:: A hip-hop/R&B label that was founded by
4571:Black Forum Records.: Short-lived (1970–1973)
3961:in 1988. Notable Motown artists have included
2896:
2736:, used to call it Toytown. When I DJ'd on the
2594:TV specials for the Motown artists, including
483:Education of freed people during the Civil War
7995:
6993:
6667:
6529:
6466:
6233:"Gordy Album Discography, Part 1 (1962–1981)"
5617:. Frequencynews.com. May 2014. Archived from
5434:"EMI Completes Acquisition of Jobete Catalog"
5299:
3880:were exempt from artist-development classes.
2453:Reflections and Earl Washington's All Stars,
2311:scored Tamla's first US number-one pop hit, "
1854:
6553:
5176:
4962:
4960:
4168:(their first two singles in 1972 and 1973),
494:Historically black colleges and universities
8460:Labels distributed by Universal Music Group
6054:
6052:
6050:
5640:Angermiller, Michele (September 14, 2020).
5639:
5230:
5228:
5209:
5207:
5160:
5158:
4735:Miscellaneous labels associated with Motown
4107:
3894:
2266:(house choreography), and rehearsal studios
478:Education during the slave period in the US
8525:Black-owned companies of the United States
8002:
7988:
7000:
6986:
6674:
6660:
5986:Williams, Otis & Patricia Romanowski,
4991:
4989:
4296:artists. Notable Mel-o-dy artists include
4281:
3948:"The Sound that Makes the World Go 'Round"
3855:often played his instrument with only the
3645:, were written by the songwriting trio of
3298:Jointly with Universal Music South Africa
2837:Final years of the Motown label: 1999–2005
2172:", written by Gordy and a secretary named
1861:
1847:
801:National Black Caucus of State Legislators
7175:Mad Love and Friends Keep Secrets Records
7007:
6404:
6373:
6313:
5525:"Ne-Yo Leaves Def Jam For Motown Records"
5172:
5170:
4957:
4844:
4842:
2982:
2687:(1975). Other Motown films would include
2584:
2010:to become a standalone label once again.
257:Slavery in the colonial history of the US
6265:. motownjunkies.co.uk. October 2, 2009.
6047:
6010:"Diana Ross: old wine in 'Blue' bottles"
5922:
5522:
5403:"Company – De Passe Jones Entertainment"
5251:
5249:
5225:
5204:
5183:The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music
5155:
4938:
4629:Independent labels distributed by Motown
4071:
4066:"It's What's in the Grooves that Counts"
2841:By 1998, Motown had added stars such as
2740:circuit, the students wanted me to play
2480:
2102:
6501:(1). Cambridge University Press: 1–11.
6034:Nowhere to Run: The Story of Soul Music
5652:from the original on September 14, 2020
5431:
5292:Ron Thibodeaux, "My Smokey Valentine",
5075:
4995:
4986:
4539:) eventually moved to the parent label.
2225:
2060:
1907:Motown played an important role in the
14:
8412:
6176:
6158:from the original on December 14, 2021
6098:from the original on September 3, 2012
6007:
5955:from the original on December 14, 2021
5523:Williams, Brennan (January 25, 2012).
5383:from the original on December 14, 2021
5296:(New Orleans, La.), February 14, 2009.
5167:
5025:from the original on November 13, 2011
4839:
3679:Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson
3272:Jointly with Blacksmith Entertainment
1983:. From 2011 to 2014, it was a part of
7983:
6981:
6655:
6417:from the original on October 12, 2014
6386:from the original on October 12, 2014
6344:
6239:from the original on October 12, 2014
6083:
6077:
6008:Yourse, Robyn-Denise (May 19, 2006).
5535:from the original on February 7, 2012
5444:from the original on January 28, 2021
5334:
5255:
5246:
5143:from the original on October 18, 2012
5096:
4894:from the original on February 5, 2021
4860:from the original on February 3, 2015
3887:", which was popular, first, on the "
3866:
3370:Jointly with Puzzlepiece and Zoe Boi
2526:). In the same year, Gordy purchased
2279:
999:Athletic associations and conferences
488:History of African-American education
6635:What Makes Motown Sound Like Motown?
6203:
6086:"Raphael Saadiq: This Years Vintage"
5642:"Motown Records Launches UK Outpost"
5504:from the original on August 11, 2021
5474:from the original on August 11, 2021
5362:
5316:from the original on August 22, 2011
5021:. Universal Music. August 15, 2011.
4974:from the original on January 4, 2013
4881:
4696:on its roster in 1975, but their LP
4205:feel. Notable Soul artists included
3756:
3239:Jointly with Universal Music Canada
2907:In 2005, Massenburg was replaced by
2284:Early Tamla/Motown artists included
2254:Artist personal development, 1966 –
1995:. In 2018, Motown was inducted into
1960:It was an independent company until
922:Association for the Study of African
8515:African-American history in Detroit
7922:International third-party licensees
6326:from the original on March 25, 2015
6269:from the original on April 18, 2014
6036:. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 187.
5407:Home – De Passe Jones Entertainment
5057:from the original on August 4, 2020
4419:.: A short-lived label featuring a
4081:Tamla Motown Records: Motown's non-
2889:in 1999). The Temptations left for
2861:, and Motown was absorbed into the
2539:(only the Miracles' "Shop Around"/"
2146:In 1958, Gordy wrote and produced "
2006:In 2021, Motown separated from the
1997:Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame
1736:Race and ethnicity in the US census
1237:African-American Vernacular English
806:National Conference of Black Mayors
24:
6648:, 2009 BBC Documentary, at YouTube
6486:
6345:Leigh, Spencer (October 4, 2005).
5923:Eglinton, Mark (August 18, 2009).
5595:from the original on April 6, 2014
5139:. Motown Museum. August 24, 2011.
4970:. Billboard.biz. August 10, 2011.
4882:Cruz, Gilbert (January 12, 2009).
4300:. The label was dissolved in 1965.
3919:Smokey Robinson & the Miracles
3910:
3348:Jointly with The Affiliate Nation
2338:From 1961 to 1971, Motown had 110
1975:as a part of the UMG subsidiaries
939:National Black Chamber of Commerce
25:
8536:
8495:Record labels established in 1959
8485:Record labels based in California
8435:African-American cultural history
7933:(South Korea (JYP Entertainment))
6575:
6062:Standing in the Shadows of Motown
4770:British (pre-Tamla Motown) labels
4397:Workshop Jazz Records.: Motown's
3899:In order to avoid accusations of
3834:Standing in the Shadows of Motown
3595:singing style that originated in
2853:to its roster. In December 1998,
1928:
1643:Places by plurality of population
309:Civil rights movement (1954–1968)
299:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
252:Abolitionism in the United States
8440:Companies based in New York City
8392:
8380:
8011:
7799:Universal Music Publishing Group
6560:. University of Michigan Press.
6539:. University of Illinois Press.
6471:. University of Michigan Press.
6460:
5432:Brandle, Lars (March 31, 2004).
5413:from the original on May 8, 2019
5262:. University of Michigan Press.
5097:Aswad, Jem (November 29, 2022).
5076:Millman, Ethan (March 8, 2021).
4996:Sisario, Ben (August 10, 2011).
4916:. Motown Records. Archived from
3624:I Heard It Through the Grapevine
1818:
340:Black Belt in the American South
63:
8520:American corporate subsidiaries
8490:Record labels based in Michigan
8425:1959 establishments in Michigan
7068:Interscope Capitol Labels Group
6594:Official Classic Motown website
6582:Official Motown Records website
6429:
6398:
6367:
6338:
6307:
6281:
6251:
6224:
6197:
6170:
6119:
6110:
6026:
5980:
5967:
5937:
5916:
5888:
5860:
5846:
5832:
5818:
5804:
5790:
5776:
5762:
5748:
5734:
5720:
5706:
5692:
5678:
5664:
5633:
5607:
5577:
5547:
5516:
5486:
5456:
5425:
5395:
5363:Robb, John (October 31, 2010).
5356:
5328:
5286:
5237:
5216:
5129:
5120:
5111:
5090:
4507:Morocco Records.: Acronym for "
4358:Gary Byrd and the GB Experience
4303:Hitsville Records.: Founded as
4026:"If It's a Hit, It's a Miracle"
3496:
3482:Jointly with Never Broke Again
3450:Jointly with Never Broke Again
2925:Universal Motown Republic Group
2821:In 1994, Busby was replaced by
2506:Boston-Edison Historic District
2495:Boston-Edison Historic District
1981:Universal Motown Republic Group
944:National Council of Negro Women
118:Interscope Capitol Labels Group
8500:Rhythm and blues record labels
8445:Companies based in Los Angeles
6702:The Island Def Jam Music Group
6405:Mike Callahan, David Edwards.
6374:Mike Callahan, David Edwards.
6314:Mike Callahan, David Edwards.
6177:Sexton, Paul (June 21, 2023).
5256:Flory, Andrew (May 30, 2017).
5069:
5037:
4932:
4906:
4346:
4207:Jr. Walker & the All-Stars
2993:The Island Def Jam Music Group
2465:, explored blues-oriented and
2423:Jr. Walker & the All Stars
2092:—who wrote songs for Wilson. "
1985:The Island Def Jam Music Group
1741:Racism against Black Americans
13:
1:
7733:Universal Music Group Nigeria
7096:Capitol Christian Music Group
5335:Grein, Paul (June 11, 1988).
4827:
3944:Capitol Christian Music Group
3426:Jointly with Quality Control
3359:Jointly with You'll Find Out
3314:Jointly with Quality Control
3285:Jointly with Zero Point Nine
3225:Jointly with Quality Control
2543:" and "Ain't It Baby"), then
2184:, nephew of Charlie Fuqua of
949:National Pan-Hellenic Council
7738:Universal Music South Africa
7695:Republic Records Philippines
6407:"Prodigal Album Discography"
6144:10.1080/14680777.2012.737344
6084:Lewis, Pete (May 22, 2009).
5856:– via music.apple.com.
5842:– via music.apple.com.
5828:– via music.apple.com.
5814:– via music.apple.com.
5800:– via music.apple.com.
5786:– via music.apple.com.
5772:– via music.apple.com.
5758:– via music.apple.com.
5744:– via music.apple.com.
5730:– via music.apple.com.
5716:– via music.apple.com.
5702:– via music.apple.com.
5688:– via music.apple.com.
5674:– via music.apple.com.
4941:This is Detroit, 1701 – 2001
4939:Woodford, Arthur M. (2001).
4832:
4726:: A record label founded by
4498:'s #3 pop single for Motown
4215:Gladys Knight & the Pips
4015:"The Sound of Young America"
3618:" (keep it simple, stupid).
2887:one more album for the label
2485:Berry Gordy House, known as
2439:Gladys Knight & the Pips
1949:Following the events of the
1900:, has become a nickname for
1751:School segregation in the US
1289:Black American Sign Language
1263:Languages and other dialects
7:
8399:Rhythm and blues portal
7957:(South Korea (HYBE Labels))
7766:Universal Music Enterprises
6451:Los Angeles Review of Books
5784:"Rather Be – A COLORS SHOW"
4884:"A Brief History of Motown"
4800:
4309:Melodyland Christian Center
4117:. Notable artists included
3439:Jointly with EZMNY Records
3209:Jointly with Motown UK and
3046:Releases (under the label)
2897:Universal Motown: 2005–2011
2589:After the songwriting trio
1991:, now operating out of the
1919:-owned label that achieved
578:African-American businesses
10:
8541:
7841:Non-UMG distributed labels
7804:Universal Production Music
6958:Motown singles discography
6681:
6259:"Miracle | Motown Junkies"
6212:. Penske Media Corporation
5812:"No Pressure (Pt. 1) – EP"
4914:"History – Classic Motown"
4728:YoungBoy Never Broke Again
4710:Emerson, Lake & Palmer
4286:
4095:Why (Must We Fall in Love)
3760:
3667:William "Mickey" Stevenson
3472:YoungBoy Never Broke Again
3413:Jointly with Love Records
3032:
3025:
2900:
2825:, the entrepreneur behind
2787:, who renamed the company
2321:William "Mickey" Stevenson
2170:Money (That's What I Want)
2055:
2050:YoungBoy Never Broke Again
1999:in a ceremony held at the
1116:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
791:Congressional Black Caucus
758:African Diaspora Religions
545:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
40:
29:
8368:
8321:
8305:
8298:
8278:
8253:
8228:
8203:
8173:
8148:
8123:
8098:
8037:
8025:
7840:
7814:
7791:
7778:Universal Music Indonesia
7756:
7728:Def Jam Recordings Africa
7708:
7675:
7622:
7609:Universal Music Hong Kong
7574:
7566:Universal Music On Demand
7526:
7478:
7465:Mercury Records Australia
7440:
7427:Capitol Records Nashville
7417:Mercury Nashville Records
7402:
7359:
7326:
7268:Young Money Entertainment
7248:
7198:
7066:
7015:
6966:
6953:Motown albums discography
6930:
6862:Natural Resources Records
6766:
6710:
6689:
6507:10.1017/s0261143000007601
6020:News World Communications
5391:– via Google Books.
4377:by Trendz of Culture and
4340:Mercury Nashville Records
4076:One of Tamla Motown logos
4013:. Motown Records slogan:
3861:Up the Ladder to the Roof
3558:
3553:
3545:
3540:
3529:
3508:
3503:
3475:
3393:
3313:
3307:
3232:
3202:
3182:
3176:
3146:
3133:
3127:
3110:
3104:
3094:
3088:
3073:
3021:
2915:. Motown was merged with
2579:Stop! In the Name of Love
2398:, released recordings by
1623:US states and territories
924:American Life and History
646:Lift Every Voice and Sing
355:Treatment of the enslaved
188:
173:
165:
157:
110:
100:
82:
71:
62:
55:
8505:Soul music record labels
8387:United States portal
7822:Eagle Rock Entertainment
7783:Universal Music Malaysia
7743:Blue Note Records Africa
7450:Island Records Australia
6697:Universal Motown Records
6376:"M.C. Album Discography"
6316:"Weed Album Discography"
6126:Laurie, Timothy (2012).
6067:Santa Monica, California
6032:Hirshey, Gerri (1994 ).
5585:"Island Def Jam Is Over"
4680:Sony Music Entertainment
4543:
4535:(via their lead singer,
4123:Martha and the Vandellas
4121:and The Del-Phis (later
4108:Secondary R&B labels
4064:. Gordy Records slogan:
4034:Martha and the Vandellas
3895:Motown subsidiary labels
3337:Jointly with Blacksmith
2945:Forever the Sickest Kids
2921:Universal Motown Records
2903:Universal Motown Records
2873:, and new Motown artist
2461:, whose acts, including
2392:Martha and the Vandellas
2001:Charles H. Wright Museum
1825:United States portal
1232:African-American English
743:African-American Muslims
304:Jim Crow era (1896–1954)
7848:Big Machine Label Group
7150:Aftermath Entertainment
6824:London American Records
6445:April 19, 2013, at the
6347:"Obituaries – Ray Ruff"
4788:Oriole American Records
4776:London American Records
4609:. Its only artist was
4456:
4391:
4282:Additional genre labels
2569:" by the Supremes and "
1946:between 1960 and 1969.
1746:Reparations for slavery
834:Back-to-Africa movement
733:Black Hebrew Israelites
611:African-American beauty
36:Motown (disambiguation)
8430:African-American music
7827:PolyGram Entertainment
7710:Universal Music Africa
7614:Universal Music Taiwan
7599:Republic Records China
7594:PolyGram Records China
7394:Universal Music MĂ©xico
7389:Universal Music Latino
7361:UM Latin Entertainment
7303:Universal Arabic Music
7240:Verve Forecast Records
6911:Three Brothers Records
6733:Holland–Dozier–Holland
6587:March 5, 2021, at the
6467:Flory, Andrew (2017).
6132:Feminist Media Studies
6059:Justman, Paul (2002).
5648:. Variety Music, LLC.
4577:Martin Luther King Jr.
4567:Martin Luther King Jr.
4201:feel and/or more of a
4170:The Devastating Affair
4077:
3818:Richard "Pistol" Allen
3751:
3647:Holland–Dozier–Holland
3636:Ain't Too Proud to Beg
3400:Jointly with Brand Nu
3095:Jointly with Compound
3028:List of Motown artists
2983:Relaunch: 2011–present
2789:de Passe Entertainment
2591:Holland–Dozier–Holland
2585:Los Angeles: 1972–1998
2497:
2479:
2216:Gordy's family members
2165:Tammy and the Bachelor
2112:
2013:On November 29, 2022,
1955:Holland–Dozier–Holland
1216:Dialects and languages
376:Second Great Migration
88:; 65 years ago
34:. For other uses, see
8455:Universal Music Group
8314:Urban (industry term)
7667:Virgin Records France
7642:Island Def Jam France
7604:Universal Music China
7584:Capitol Records China
7432:EMI Records Nashville
7185:Cinematic Music Group
7128:Quality Control Music
7009:Universal Music Group
6923:Workshop Jazz Records
6848:Motown Latino Records
6828:Mad Sounds Recordings
6554:Andrew Flory (2017).
6071:Artisan Entertainment
5500:. November 12, 2009.
5470:. November 18, 2009.
5468:michiganchronicle.com
5342:The Los Angeles Times
5312:. Motownmansion.com.
5310:"The Motown Mansion!"
4565:" speech by Rev. Dr.
4501:I've Never Been To Me
4484:Stoney & Meatloaf
4450:Grover Washington Jr.
4172:, and Los Angeles DJ
4091:I Second That Emotion
4075:
3730:
3713:, and Gordy himself.
3113:Quality Control Music
2901:Further information:
2863:Universal Music Group
2833:served as president.
2797:Sony Music Publishing
2696:Thank God It's Friday
2609:Goin' Back to Indiana
2606:with Diana Ross, and
2567:Where Did Our Love Go
2484:
2474:
2346:(initially including
2106:
1951:Detroit Riots of 1967
1882:Universal Music Group
1628:US metropolitan areas
1455:List of neighborhoods
1069:Alabama Creole people
1059:African-American Jews
991:Negro league baseball
954:National Urban League
906:Civic/economic groups
738:African-American Jews
628:African-American hair
490:, after the Civil War
319:Post–civil rights era
86:January 12, 1959
76:Universal Music Group
8309:Contemporary R&B
8018:Black American music
7723:Motown Gospel Africa
7637:Decca Records France
7632:Capitol Music France
7422:Lost Highway Records
6920:Wondirection Records
6908:Tamla-Motown Records
6743:Esther Gordy Edwards
6015:The Washington Times
5615:"Frequency Magazine"
5186:(Concise ed.).
5004:on January 17, 2016.
4856:. February 3, 2015.
4740:Groovesville Records
4699:Sad Wings of Destiny
4651:Another Bad Creation
4607:Latin American music
3695:William Weatherspoon
2989:Ethiopia Habtemariam
2793:EMI Music Publishing
2678:Lady Sings the Blues
2528:Golden World Records
2247:Esther Gordy Edwards
2226:West Grand Boulevard
2208:United Sound Systems
2061:Beginnings of Motown
2015:Ethiopia Habtemariam
1884:. It was founded by
1785:Criminal stereotypes
1560:District of Columbia
1277:Afro-Seminole Creole
719:Non-Christian groups
314:Black power movement
278:during the Civil War
247:Atlantic slave trade
8241:Chopped and screwed
8029:American folk music
7890:Nickelodeon Records
7868:Walt Disney Records
7792:Publishing division
7748:Virgin Music Africa
7685:Def Jam Philippines
7470:EMI Music Australia
7278:Boominati Worldwide
7273:American Recordings
7208:Deutsche Grammophon
6900:Summer Camp Records
6870:Ocean Front Records
6781:Black Forum Records
6646:The Motown Invasion
6625:interviewed on the
6453:, October 17, 2012.
4920:on January 11, 2017
4760:Summer Camp Records
4618:I Was Born This Way
4307:in 1974. After the
4100:Motown Chartbusters
4050:The Mary Jane Girls
3863:" by the Supremes.
3802:Eddie "Bongo" Brown
3693:, James Dean &
2162:from the 1957 film
2115:In 1957, Gordy met
2008:Capitol Music Group
1989:Capitol Music Group
1964:bought it in 1988.
1181:Sierra Leone Creole
1142:Specific ancestries
1027:Southwestern (SWAC)
550:Black History Month
381:New Great Migration
335:Agriculture history
8465:Culture of Detroit
8450:History of Detroit
8040:Early 20th century
7853:Disney Music Group
7690:Island Philippines
7518:Universal Classics
7508:Def Jam Recordings
7460:Modular Recordings
7455:Golden Era Records
7328:Virgin Music Group
7313:Def Jam Recordings
7288:Casablanca Records
7263:Cash Money Records
7160:Dreamville Records
7135:Interscope Records
6882:Rare Earth Records
6784:Check-Mate Records
6183:udiscovermusic.com
5945:"The Motown Story"
5876:. October 24, 2022
5728:"SOLDIERS STEPPIN"
5294:The Times-Picayune
5190:. p. 879/80.
4817:Motown discography
4581:Stokely Carmichael
4559:Graystone Ballroom
4305:Melodyland Records
4223:the Fantastic Four
4103:series of albums).
4078:
3867:Artist development
3591:structures, and a
3013:Virgin EMI Records
2746:Velvet Underground
2675:biographical film
2498:
2463:the eponymous band
2313:Please Mr. Postman
2280:Detroit: 1959–1972
2199:Michigan Chronicle
2113:
1935:with a mainstream
1909:racial integration
1190:Sexual orientation
1064:Afro-Puerto Ricans
1017:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
652:Self-determination
616:Black is beautiful
282:Reconstruction era
43:Tamla (given name)
8510:Soul music genres
8480:Pop record labels
8407:
8406:
8364:
8363:
8045:Call and response
7977:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7910:Ed Banger Records
7905:London Recordings
7858:Hollywood Records
7283:Brushfire Records
7200:Verve Label Group
7101:ForeFront Records
7081:Blue Note Records
6975:
6974:
6896:Stateside Records
6866:Never Broke Again
6856:Motown Yesteryear
6832:Manticore Records
6814:Hitsville Records
6723:The Funk Brothers
6642:
6599:The Motown Museum
6478:978-0-472-12287-5
6295:on April 26, 2012
5565:on April 20, 2012
5498:independent.co.uk
4854:Los Angeles Times
4794:Stateside Records
4724:Never Broke Again
4706:Manticore Records
4555:We Shall Overcome
4380:Rottin ta da Core
4194:revived interest.
3800:; percussionists
3770:the Funk Brothers
3763:The Funk Brothers
3757:The Funk Brothers
3718:Dusty Springfield
3593:call-and-response
3569:
3568:
3535:Detroit, Michigan
3509:Stylistic origins
3494:
3493:
3383:Never Broke Again
2917:Universal Records
2718:John McClain, an
1871:
1870:
1808:
1807:
1706:
1705:
1480:Dallas-Fort Worth
1297:
1296:
1207:
1206:
1151:Americo-Liberians
1034:
1033:
972:
971:
897:
896:
766:
765:
710:Womanist theology
660:
659:
602:Symbols and ideas
388:
387:
267:Antebellum period
262:Revolutionary War
217:African Americans
202:
201:
166:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
8532:
8470:Music of Detroit
8397:
8396:
8395:
8385:
8384:
8383:
8324:
8303:
8302:
8166:Psychedelic soul
8116:Rhythm and blues
8016:
8015:
8004:
7997:
7990:
7981:
7980:
7966:
7958:
7950:
7942:
7934:
7918:
7917:
7895:Red Bull Records
7758:Other UMG labels
7576:UM Greater China
7379:Fonovisa Records
7341:Caroline Records
7250:Republic Records
7230:Impulse! Records
7190:Downtown Records
7145:Interscope Films
7118:Priority Records
7048:Philippe Flageul
7002:
6995:
6988:
6979:
6978:
6938:Hitsville U.S.A.
6931:Related articles
6878:Prodigal Records
6836:Mel-o-dy Records
6795:Divinity Records
6758:Kedar Massenburg
6676:
6669:
6662:
6653:
6652:
6638:
6571:
6550:
6526:
6482:
6454:
6433:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6360:
6342:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6311:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6300:
6291:. Archived from
6285:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6228:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6204:Mitchell, Gail.
6201:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6185:. uDiscoverMusic
6174:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6123:
6117:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6094:(1020). London.
6091:Blues & Soul
6081:
6075:
6074:
6056:
6045:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6005:
5999:
5984:
5978:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5941:
5935:
5934:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5904:. March 17, 2023
5892:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5864:
5858:
5857:
5850:
5844:
5843:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5752:
5746:
5745:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5611:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5561:. Archived from
5551:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5369:. Random House.
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5306:
5297:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5276:
5253:
5244:
5241:
5235:
5232:
5223:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5202:
5201:
5174:
5165:
5162:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5015:
5006:
5005:
5000:. Archived from
4993:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4964:
4955:
4954:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4879:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4846:
4822:Music of Detroit
4718:Atlantic Records
4714:Progressive rock
4604:Spanish-language
4162:the Four Seasons
4154:the Sisters Love
3983:Jermaine Jackson
3889:Chitlin' Circuit
3844:The Way I See It
3830:documentary film
3663:Norman Whitfield
3632:Norman Whitfield
3530:Cultural origins
3501:
3500:
3304:Bankroll Freddie
3037:
3036:
2953:Four Year Strong
2911:, former CEO of
2891:Atlantic Records
2871:Michael McDonald
2867:Kedar Massenburg
2857:was acquired by
2785:Suzanne de Passe
2639:Music of My Mind
2541:Who's Lovin' You
2467:progressive rock
2333:Norman Whitfield
2232:Hitsville U.S.A.
2109:Hitsville U.S.A.
2098:Lonely Teardrops
1977:Universal Motown
1917:African American
1863:
1856:
1849:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1770:media depictions
1719:
1718:
1614:Population count
1310:
1309:
1244:Liberian English
1223:English dialects
1220:
1219:
1176:Samaná Americans
1101:Creoles of color
1047:
1046:
985:
984:
929:Black conductors
910:
909:
779:
778:
753:Louisiana Voodoo
675:
674:
420:Family structure
403:
402:
350:Military history
345:Business history
276:military history
231:
230:
204:
203:
198:
195:
189:Official website
150:
142:
134:
133:(United Kingdom)
124:
96:
94:
89:
67:
58:
53:
52:
21:
8540:
8539:
8535:
8534:
8533:
8531:
8530:
8529:
8410:
8409:
8408:
8403:
8393:
8391:
8381:
8379:
8360:
8322:
8317:
8294:
8283:
8274:
8258:
8249:
8233:
8224:
8208:
8199:
8178:
8169:
8153:
8144:
8128:
8119:
8103:
8094:
8033:
8021:
8010:
8008:
7978:
7969:
7964:
7956:
7948:
7940:
7932:
7916:
7863:S-Curve Records
7836:
7810:
7787:
7752:
7704:
7700:UMG Philippines
7671:
7657:Romance Musique
7618:
7570:
7556:Polydor Records
7522:
7488:Polydor Records
7474:
7436:
7398:
7355:
7346:Fontana Records
7322:
7258:Mercury Records
7244:
7194:
7111:Sparrow Records
7091:Harvest Records
7076:Capitol Records
7062:
7038:Manning Doherty
7011:
7006:
6976:
6971:
6969:Category:Motown
6962:
6943:Motortown Revue
6926:
6845:Morocco Records
6842:Mo Jazz Records
6839:Miracle Records
6817:Inferno Records
6802:Fontana Records
6798:Ecology Records
6762:
6706:
6685:
6680:
6637:at Reverb.com,
6616:discography at
6589:Wayback Machine
6578:
6568:
6547:
6489:
6487:Further reading
6479:
6463:
6458:
6457:
6447:Wayback Machine
6434:
6430:
6420:
6418:
6413:. bsnpubs.com.
6403:
6399:
6389:
6387:
6382:. bsnpubs.com.
6372:
6368:
6358:
6356:
6352:The Independent
6343:
6339:
6329:
6327:
6322:. bsnpubs.com.
6312:
6308:
6298:
6296:
6289:"Diana-web.com"
6287:
6286:
6282:
6272:
6270:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6235:. bsnpubs.com.
6229:
6225:
6215:
6213:
6202:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6175:
6171:
6161:
6159:
6124:
6120:
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6111:
6101:
6099:
6082:
6078:
6058:
6057:
6048:
6031:
6027:
6006:
6002:
5985:
5981:
5972:
5968:
5958:
5956:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5921:
5917:
5907:
5905:
5894:
5893:
5889:
5879:
5877:
5866:
5865:
5861:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5838:
5837:
5833:
5824:
5823:
5819:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5798:"Gotta Move On"
5796:
5795:
5791:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5754:
5753:
5749:
5740:
5739:
5735:
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5725:
5721:
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5707:
5698:
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5670:
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5638:
5634:
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5622:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5598:
5596:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5568:
5566:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5538:
5536:
5529:Huffington Post
5521:
5517:
5507:
5505:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5477:
5475:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5447:
5445:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5414:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5386:
5384:
5377:
5361:
5357:
5347:
5345:
5333:
5329:
5319:
5317:
5308:
5307:
5300:
5291:
5287:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5254:
5247:
5242:
5238:
5233:
5226:
5221:
5217:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5175:
5168:
5163:
5156:
5146:
5144:
5137:"Motown Museum"
5135:
5134:
5130:
5125:
5121:
5116:
5112:
5095:
5091:
5074:
5070:
5060:
5058:
5043:
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5028:
5026:
5017:
5016:
5009:
4994:
4987:
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4965:
4958:
4951:
4937:
4933:
4923:
4921:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4897:
4895:
4880:
4873:
4863:
4861:
4848:
4847:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4803:
4782:Fontana Records
4772:
4753:Ric-Tic Records
4743:Inferno Records
4737:
4687:Sammy Davis Jr.
4631:
4593:Margaret Danner
4589:Langston Hughes
4546:
4459:
4405:All Stars, and
4403:Earl Washington
4394:
4349:
4298:Dorsey Burnette
4289:
4284:
4238:the Velvelettes
4138:the Temptations
4110:
4030:the Temptations
4022:Miracle Records
3979:Michael Jackson
3935:Eddie Kendricks
3931:the Marvelettes
3913:
3911:Major divisions
3897:
3885:Motortown Revue
3869:
3820:; and bassists
3778:Johnny Griffith
3765:
3759:
3753:
3722:the Foundations
3671:Smokey Robinson
3628:What's Going On
3525:
3499:
3432:Leon Thomas III
3117:Capitol Records
3035:
3030:
3024:
3002:Capitol Records
2985:
2973:Aretha Franklin
2969:the Temptations
2965:Smokey Robinson
2913:Elektra Records
2905:
2899:
2839:
2720:A&M Records
2708:The Last Dragon
2629:Let's Get it On
2623:What's Going On
2587:
2552:Oriole American
2516:Woodward Avenue
2511:What's Going On
2451:Earl Washington
2417:A fifth label,
2400:the Velvelettes
2380:the Temptations
2368:the Marvelettes
2309:the Marvelettes
2282:
2228:
2160:Debbie Reynolds
2158:popularized by
2129:the Silhouettes
2117:Smokey Robinson
2063:
2058:
1886:Berry Gordy Jr.
1876:is an American
1867:
1819:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1760:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1647:
1609:
1585:Omaha, Nebraska
1550:Historic places
1544:
1436:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1258:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1185:
1137:
1079:Black Seminoles
1044:
1043:Sub-communities
1036:
1035:
1022:Southern (SIAC)
982:
974:
973:
968:
923:
907:
899:
898:
893:
810:
776:
768:
767:
762:
748:Nation of Islam
714:
691:
672:
662:
661:
656:
597:
564:
531:
503:
464:
440:Musical theater
400:
390:
389:
371:Great Migration
228:
192:
153:
148:
140:
132:
123:(United States)
122:
92:
90:
87:
56:
51:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8538:
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8512:
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8457:
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8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8405:
8404:
8402:
8401:
8389:
8377:
8369:
8366:
8365:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
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8327:
8325:
8319:
8318:
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8311:
8306:
8300:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8288:
8279:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8236:New jack swing
8229:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8204:
8201:
8200:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
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8077:
8072:
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8062:
8057:
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8022:
8007:
8006:
7999:
7992:
7984:
7975:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7967:
7962:Musica Studios
7959:
7951:
7943:
7935:
7926:
7924:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7871:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7850:
7844:
7842:
7838:
7837:
7835:
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7829:
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7816:
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7809:
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7807:
7806:
7795:
7793:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7774:
7773:
7762:
7760:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
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7720:
7714:
7712:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7681:
7679:
7677:UM Philippines
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7652:Polydor France
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7628:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7617:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7580:
7578:
7572:
7571:
7569:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
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7532:
7530:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7484:
7482:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7446:
7444:
7438:
7437:
7435:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7408:
7406:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7365:
7363:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7336:Virgin Records
7332:
7330:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7320:
7318:Island Records
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7254:
7252:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7218:Decca Classics
7210:
7204:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7140:Geffen Records
7137:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7120:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7072:
7070:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7033:James Mitchell
7030:
7028:Sherry Lansing
7025:
7023:Lucian Grainge
7019:
7017:
7013:
7012:
7005:
7004:
6997:
6990:
6982:
6973:
6972:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6934:
6932:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6915:
6914:V.I.P. Records
6912:
6909:
6906:
6901:
6898:
6893:
6890:
6887:
6886:Rayber Records
6884:
6879:
6876:
6874:Oriole Records
6871:
6868:
6863:
6860:
6859:MoWest Records
6857:
6854:
6852:Motown Records
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6829:
6826:
6821:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6796:
6793:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6777:Biv 10 Records
6774:
6770:
6768:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6753:George Jackson
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6714:
6712:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6693:
6691:
6687:
6686:
6679:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6656:
6650:
6649:
6643:
6632:
6628:Pop Chronicles
6623:Motown artists
6620:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6577:
6576:External links
6574:
6573:
6572:
6566:
6551:
6545:
6527:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6477:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6428:
6397:
6366:
6337:
6306:
6280:
6250:
6223:
6196:
6169:
6118:
6109:
6076:
6046:
6025:
6000:
5979:
5966:
5936:
5915:
5887:
5859:
5845:
5831:
5817:
5803:
5789:
5775:
5761:
5747:
5733:
5719:
5705:
5700:"Broken Halls"
5691:
5677:
5663:
5632:
5621:on May 8, 2015
5606:
5591:. April 2014.
5576:
5546:
5515:
5485:
5455:
5424:
5394:
5375:
5355:
5327:
5298:
5285:
5268:
5245:
5236:
5224:
5215:
5203:
5196:
5180:, ed. (1997).
5166:
5154:
5128:
5119:
5110:
5089:
5068:
5036:
5007:
4985:
4956:
4949:
4931:
4905:
4871:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4791:
4785:
4779:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4750:
4749:Rayber Records
4747:
4744:
4741:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4721:
4703:
4690:
4683:
4669:
4662:
4647:Michael Bivins
4639:Bell Biv Devoe
4635:Biv 10 Records
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4614:
4611:Jose Feliciano
4600:
4596:
4569:
4563:I Have A Dream
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4505:
4491:
4468:R. Dean Taylor
4458:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4442:'s 1968 album
4436:Norman Connors
4424:
4414:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4385:Rottin Razkals
4361:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4332:
4325:T. G. Sheppard
4301:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4266:CC Rides Again
4257:
4234:
4231:the Bomb Squad
4195:
4177:
4158:Syreeta Wright
4141:
4126:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4070:
4069:
4018:
4003:Brian McKnight
3951:
3912:
3909:
3896:
3893:
3868:
3865:
3853:James Jamerson
3841:'s 2008 album
3839:Raphael Saadiq
3822:James Jamerson
3810:Benny Benjamin
3761:Main article:
3758:
3755:
3699:Johnny Bristol
3675:Barrett Strong
3616:KISS principle
3579:to accent the
3567:
3566:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3531:
3527:
3526:
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3480:
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3428:
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3411:
3408:
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3401:
3398:
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3379:
3376:
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3368:
3365:
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3257:
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3145:
3142:
3136:
3135:
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3063:
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3057:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3034:
3031:
3023:
3020:
2984:
2981:
2949:The Veer Union
2919:to create the
2898:
2895:
2847:Brian McKnight
2838:
2835:
2831:George Jackson
2827:Uptown Records
2773:Jose Feliciano
2673:Billie Holiday
2586:
2583:
2502:Motown Mansion
2487:Motown Mansion
2281:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2227:
2224:
2174:Janie Bradford
2141:United Artists
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1840:
1839:
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1811:
1806:
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1802:
1797:
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1776:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1731:Black genocide
1727:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1638:US communities
1635:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1595:South Carolina
1592:
1590:North Carolina
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1412:South Carolina
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1392:North Carolina
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1249:Samaná English
1246:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1199:LGBT community
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1156:Creek Freedmen
1153:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1126:Carmel Indians
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1007:Central (CIAA)
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
994:
993:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
970:
969:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
918:
915:
914:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
895:
894:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
874:Pan-Africanism
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
787:
784:
783:
777:
774:
773:
770:
769:
764:
763:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
724:
721:
720:
716:
715:
713:
712:
707:
705:Black theology
701:
698:
697:
693:
692:
690:
689:
683:
680:
679:
673:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
657:
655:
654:
649:
642:
637:
636:
635:
625:
620:
619:
618:
607:
604:
603:
599:
598:
596:
595:
590:
585:
580:
574:
571:
570:
569:Economic class
566:
565:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
541:
538:
537:
533:
532:
530:
529:
524:
519:
513:
510:
509:
508:Academic study
505:
504:
502:
501:
496:
491:
485:
480:
474:
471:
470:
466:
465:
463:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
411:
408:
407:
401:
396:
395:
392:
391:
386:
385:
384:
383:
378:
373:
365:
364:
360:
359:
358:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
329:
328:
324:
323:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
290:
289:
279:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
236:
235:
229:
224:
223:
220:
219:
213:
212:
200:
199:
190:
186:
185:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
152:
151:
143:
138:Island Def Jam
135:
130:
125:
120:
114:
112:
111:Distributor(s)
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
84:
80:
79:
73:
72:Parent company
69:
68:
60:
59:
57:Motown Records
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8537:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8400:
8390:
8388:
8378:
8376:
8375:
8371:
8370:
8367:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8320:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8304:
8301:
8297:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8131:Rock and roll
8129:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8097:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8070:Boogie-woogie
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8030:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8005:
8000:
7998:
7993:
7991:
7986:
7985:
7982:
7963:
7960:
7955:
7952:
7947:
7944:
7939:
7936:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7925:
7923:
7919:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7900:Because Music
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7839:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7815:Film/TV units
7813:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7800:
7797:
7796:
7794:
7790:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7772:
7771:Hip-O Records
7769:
7768:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7759:
7755:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7718:U-Live Africa
7716:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7707:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7625:
7621:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7577:
7573:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7529:
7525:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7513:Mercury Tokyo
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7443:
7439:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7412:MCA Nashville
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7404:UMG Nashville
7401:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7384:Machete Music
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7369:Capitol Latin
7367:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7358:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7325:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7293:Federal Films
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7247:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7235:Verve Records
7233:
7231:
7228:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7214:
7213:Decca Records
7211:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7197:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7180:Shady Records
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7129:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7106:Motown Gospel
7104:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7003:
6998:
6996:
6991:
6989:
6984:
6983:
6980:
6970:
6965:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6929:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6904:Tamla Records
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6844:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6819:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6807:Gordy Records
6805:
6803:
6800:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:Chisa Records
6786:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:Blaze Records
6772:
6771:
6769:
6765:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6748:Andre Harrell
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6718:Cholly Atkins
6716:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6690:Parent labels
6688:
6684:
6677:
6672:
6670:
6665:
6663:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6569:
6567:9780472036868
6563:
6559:
6558:
6552:
6548:
6546:9780252074981
6542:
6538:
6537:
6532:
6531:Nelson George
6528:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6495:Popular Music
6491:
6490:
6480:
6474:
6470:
6465:
6464:
6461:Print sources
6452:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6432:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6401:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6370:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6341:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6310:
6294:
6290:
6284:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6238:
6234:
6227:
6211:
6210:billboard.com
6207:
6200:
6184:
6180:
6173:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6138:(1): 90–105.
6137:
6133:
6129:
6122:
6113:
6097:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6080:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6063:
6055:
6053:
6051:
6043:
6042:0-306-80581-2
6039:
6035:
6029:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5996:0-8154-1218-5
5993:
5989:
5983:
5976:
5970:
5954:
5950:
5949:Rolling Stone
5946:
5940:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5919:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5891:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5855:
5849:
5841:
5835:
5827:
5821:
5813:
5807:
5799:
5793:
5785:
5779:
5771:
5765:
5757:
5751:
5743:
5737:
5729:
5723:
5715:
5709:
5701:
5695:
5687:
5681:
5673:
5672:"Drip Harder"
5667:
5656:September 14,
5651:
5647:
5643:
5636:
5620:
5616:
5610:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5580:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5519:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5489:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5428:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5398:
5382:
5378:
5376:9781409034421
5372:
5368:
5367:
5359:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5331:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5303:
5295:
5289:
5282:
5271:
5269:9780472036868
5265:
5261:
5260:
5252:
5250:
5243:Flory, p. 31.
5240:
5234:Flory, p. 29.
5231:
5229:
5222:Flory, p. 28.
5219:
5213:Flory, p. 27.
5210:
5208:
5199:
5197:1-85227-745-9
5193:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5173:
5171:
5164:Flory, p. 26.
5161:
5159:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5126:Flory, p. 25.
5123:
5117:Flory, p. 24.
5114:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5093:
5085:
5084:
5083:Rolling Stone
5079:
5072:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5012:
5003:
4999:
4992:
4990:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4961:
4952:
4950:0-8143-2914-4
4946:
4942:
4935:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4878:
4876:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4843:
4838:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:Hitsville USA
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4666:Hugh Masekela
4663:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4595:, and others.
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
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4538:
4534:
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4527:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4472:Pretty Things
4469:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4445:Eivets Rednow
4441:
4440:Stevie Wonder
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4417:Blaze Records
4415:
4412:
4411:Verve Records
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4354:Stevie Wonder
4351:
4350:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4294:country music
4291:
4290:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4219:the Originals
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4191:Dirty Dancing
4187:
4183:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4150:G. C. Cameron
4147:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4130:Gordy Records
4127:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4115:Chess Records
4112:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3995:Lionel Richie
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3975:the Jackson 5
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3955:hip-hop music
3952:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3927:Stevie Wonder
3924:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3784:; guitarists
3783:
3779:
3775:
3774:Earl Van Dyke
3771:
3764:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3727:
3726:northern soul
3723:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3711:Stevie Wonder
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3687:Pamela Sawyer
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3659:Eddie Holland
3656:
3653:and brothers
3652:
3651:Lamont Dozier
3648:
3644:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3606:Rolling Stone
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3565:
3561:
3560:Northern soul
3557:
3552:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3463:Jointly with
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3381:Jointly with
3380:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3342:Hd4president
3341:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:Vince Staples
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:Layton Greene
3216:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:Jointly with
3107:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3029:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2961:Stevie Wonder
2959:and included
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2941:Kelly Rowland
2938:
2937:Melanie Fiona
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:Andre Harrell
2819:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2753:Lionel Richie
2749:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2728:Pete Waterman
2724:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2664:Funk Brothers
2661:
2660:Martha Reeves
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2634:Stevie Wonder
2631:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2614:the Jackson 5
2611:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:Super Bowl XL
2521:
2520:Interstate 75
2517:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2504:in Detroit's
2503:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2447:Workshop Jazz
2444:
2440:
2436:
2435:the Originals
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:Stevie Wonder
2357:
2356:the Jackson 5
2353:
2352:the Four Tops
2349:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:Lamont Dozier
2326:
2325:Brian Holland
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2290:Eddie Holland
2287:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2264:Cholly Atkins
2261:
2260:Maxine Powell
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2220:Raynoma Liles
2217:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2194:Coral Records
2189:
2187:
2186:the Ink Spots
2183:
2179:
2178:Chess Records
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2082:Jackie Wilson
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:Vince Staples
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:Capitol Tower
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:New York City
1969:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1931:, a style of
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:popular music
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:owned by the
1879:
1875:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1801:
1800:Minstrel show
1798:
1796:
1795:Magical Negro
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1754:
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1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1605:West Virginia
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1540:San Francisco
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:New York City
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
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1473:
1471:
1468:
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1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
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1390:
1388:
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1368:
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1325:
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1319:
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1311:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1287:
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1278:
1275:
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1255:
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1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:Nova Scotians
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:Black Indians
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1012:HBCU (HBCUAC)
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
989:
988:
987:
986:
978:
977:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
920:
919:
917:
916:
913:Organizations
912:
911:
903:
902:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
819:
818:
814:
813:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
786:
785:
782:Organizations
781:
780:
772:
771:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
723:
722:
718:
717:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
700:
699:
695:
694:
688:
685:
684:
682:
681:
677:
676:
671:
666:
665:
653:
650:
647:
643:
641:
638:
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
624:
621:
617:
614:
613:
612:
609:
608:
606:
605:
601:
600:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
573:
572:
568:
567:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
540:
539:
535:
534:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
512:
511:
507:
506:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
473:
472:
468:
467:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
450:Neighborhoods
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
410:
409:
405:
404:
399:
394:
393:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
367:
366:
362:
361:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
331:
330:
326:
325:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
288:
285:
284:
283:
280:
277:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
238:
237:
233:
232:
227:
222:
221:
218:
215:
214:
210:
206:
205:
197:
194:motownrecords
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:United States
168:
164:
160:
156:
147:
144:
139:
136:
131:
129:
128:Motown UK/EMI
126:
121:
119:
116:
115:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
85:
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
61:
54:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
8475:Music scenes
8373:
8280:
8255:
8230:
8205:
8196:Garage house
8175:
8150:
8125:
8100:
8050:Field holler
8039:
8027:
7561:0207 Def Jam
7550:
7503:Virgin Music
7442:UM Australia
7374:Disa Records
7298:Lava Records
7170:LVRN Records
7165:Kidinakorner
7122:
6948:Motown piano
6917:Weed Records
6892:Soul Records
6889:Rich Records
6811:Gull Records
6767:Subdivisions
6728:Harvey Fuqua
6682:
6626:
6556:
6535:
6498:
6494:
6468:
6450:
6437:
6431:
6419:. Retrieved
6410:
6400:
6388:. Retrieved
6379:
6369:
6357:. Retrieved
6350:
6340:
6328:. Retrieved
6319:
6309:
6299:December 12,
6297:. Retrieved
6293:the original
6283:
6271:. Retrieved
6262:
6253:
6241:. Retrieved
6226:
6214:. Retrieved
6209:
6199:
6187:. Retrieved
6182:
6172:
6160:. Retrieved
6135:
6131:
6121:
6112:
6100:. Retrieved
6089:
6079:
6060:
6033:
6028:
6013:
6003:
5987:
5982:
5975:The Supremes
5974:
5969:
5959:December 11,
5957:. Retrieved
5948:
5939:
5928:
5918:
5906:. Retrieved
5899:
5890:
5878:. Retrieved
5871:
5862:
5854:"Luv 4 Rent"
5848:
5834:
5820:
5806:
5792:
5778:
5764:
5750:
5736:
5722:
5708:
5694:
5680:
5666:
5654:. Retrieved
5645:
5635:
5623:. Retrieved
5619:the original
5609:
5597:. Retrieved
5588:
5579:
5567:. Retrieved
5563:the original
5558:
5549:
5537:. Retrieved
5528:
5518:
5506:. Retrieved
5497:
5488:
5476:. Retrieved
5467:
5458:
5448:December 30,
5446:. Retrieved
5437:
5427:
5415:. Retrieved
5406:
5397:
5385:. Retrieved
5365:
5358:
5346:. Retrieved
5340:
5330:
5320:December 12,
5318:. Retrieved
5293:
5288:
5280:
5273:. Retrieved
5258:
5239:
5218:
5188:Virgin Books
5181:
5178:Colin Larkin
5147:December 12,
5145:. Retrieved
5131:
5122:
5113:
5102:
5092:
5081:
5071:
5059:. Retrieved
5048:
5039:
5029:December 12,
5027:. Retrieved
5002:the original
4978:December 12,
4976:. Retrieved
4940:
4934:
4922:. Retrieved
4918:the original
4908:
4896:. Retrieved
4887:
4862:. Retrieved
4853:
4764:Tabu Records
4757:Rich Records
4697:
4694:Judas Priest
4676:Creed Taylor
4585:Elaine Brown
4522:Duke Jupiter
4516:
4512:
4508:
4499:
4443:
4428:Norman Brown
4421:Jack Ashford
4378:
4374:
4371:Tha Mexakinz
4364:
4304:
4275:Weed Records
4274:
4271:Stax Records
4264:
4246:the Monitors
4242:the Spinners
4227:Jimmy Ruffin
4189:
4186:the Contours
4181:
4134:Jimmy Ruffin
4129:
4119:David Ruffin
4098:
4065:
4038:the Contours
4025:
4021:
4014:
3967:the Supremes
3947:
3905:
3898:
3882:
3870:
3857:index finger
3849:
3842:
3832:
3806:Jack Ashford
3798:Eddie Willis
3794:Robert White
3766:
3752:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3715:
3703:Harvey Fuqua
3691:Gloria Jones
3683:Frank Wilson
3643:the Supremes
3640:
3620:
3604:
3597:gospel music
3570:
3554:Other topics
3546:Soul metal,
3504:Motown sound
3497:Motown sound
3490:1 (singles)
3465:Zero Fatigue
3436:3 (singles)
3410:2 (singles)
3397:1 (singles)
3375:Meechy Baby
3278:Tiana Major9
3245:Joy Denalane
3043:Year signed
3017:
3015:) division.
3006:
2986:
2909:Sylvia Rhone
2906:
2879:
2840:
2820:
2812:Jheryl Busby
2801:
2750:
2742:Spooky Tooth
2731:
2725:
2717:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2690:Scott Joplin
2688:
2682:
2681:(1972), and
2676:
2656:
2651:Innervisions
2649:
2648:(1972), and
2645:Talking Book
2643:
2637:
2632:(1973), and
2627:
2621:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2588:
2575:Tamla Motown
2574:
2561:
2551:
2545:
2535:
2532:
2509:
2501:
2499:
2486:
2475:
2471:
2458:
2454:
2446:
2427:Jimmy Ruffin
2418:
2416:
2408:the Monitors
2404:the Spinners
2395:
2394:. A fourth,
2384:the Contours
2375:
2372:the Miracles
2344:the Supremes
2337:
2302:
2283:
2275:
2256:Harvey Fuqua
2229:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2190:
2182:Harvey Fuqua
2163:
2152:Marv Johnson
2145:
2137:the Miracles
2114:
2078:famed singer
2064:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1970:
1959:
1948:
1941:
1929:Motown sound
1925:Tamla-Motown
1924:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1878:record label
1873:
1872:
1698:Sierra Leone
1530:Philadelphia
1500:Jacksonville
1096:Brass Ankles
849:Conservatism
824:Afrocentrism
796:Joint Center
687:Black church
678:Institutions
593:Billionaires
583:Middle class
536:Celebrations
499:Fraternities
50:Record label
47:
18:Soul Records
8291:Drill music
7965:(Indonesia)
7949:(Caribbean)
7885:Dew Process
7880:ECM Records
7662:PIAS France
7536:EMI Records
7498:Universal D
7493:EMI Records
7086:Astralwerks
7053:Jody Gerson
7043:Bill Ackman
6820:IPG Records
6791:CTI Records
6738:Berry Gordy
6359:January 25,
6162:October 30,
5988:Temptations
5930:The Quietus
5880:October 24,
5742:"To Da Max"
5348:January 29,
4924:October 15,
4898:October 15,
4864:October 30,
4746:IPG Records
4672:CTI Records
4655:Boyz II Men
4643:New Edition
4573:spoken-word
4537:Fizzy Qwick
4347:Hip hop/rap
4317:Ronnie Dove
4261:Chris Clark
4254:Chris Clark
4211:Shorty Long
4184:s Top 40 –
4146:Lesley Gore
4054:Teena Marie
4042:Edwin Starr
4011:Erykah Badu
3987:Boyz II Men
3923:Marvin Gaye
3878:Marvin Gaye
3826:Bob Babbitt
3814:Uriel Jones
3808:; drummers
3790:Joe Messina
3786:Ray Monette
3599:. In 1971,
3577:tambourines
3564:rare groove
3291:Tiwa Savage
3256:TheHxliday
3199:Bree Runway
3055:Erykah Badu
3009:EMI Records
2933:Ryan Leslie
2883:RCA Records
2851:Erykah Badu
2808:Johnny Gill
2804:Boyz II Men
2781:MCA Records
2765:Teena Marie
2713:Ewart Abner
2705:(1978) and
2626:(1971) and
2618:Marvin Gaye
2431:Shorty Long
2421:, featured
2412:Chris Clark
2388:Edwin Starr
2364:Marvin Gaye
2298:Shop Around
2133:End Records
2094:Reet Petite
2090:Billy Davis
2066:Berry Gordy
1962:MCA Records
1890:portmanteau
1766:Stereotypes
1693:Nova Scotia
1575:Mississippi
1535:San Antonio
1515:Los Angeles
1450:Black mecca
1377:Mississippi
1284:Negro Dutch
1106:Dominickers
1050:Multiethnic
959:TransAfrica
869:Nationalism
839:Black power
623:Black pride
588:Upper class
287:Politicians
178:Los Angeles
105:Berry Gordy
8414:Categories
8286:Trap music
8266:Snap music
8055:Spirituals
8020:(timeline)
7875:Roc Nation
7647:MCA France
7541:Capitol UK
7351:V2 Records
7223:Mercury KX
5714:"Edge Off"
5686:"Need You"
5625:October 8,
5599:October 8,
5569:October 8,
5508:August 11,
5478:August 11,
5050:SoulTracks
4828:References
4533:Tiggi Clay
4488:the Rustix
4464:Rare Earth
4329:Jud Strunk
4250:the Elgins
4182:Billboard'
4166:Commodores
4046:Rick James
4007:98 Degrees
3991:Commodores
3963:Mary Wells
3874:Jr. Walker
3782:Joe Hunter
3735:everywhere
3612:melismatic
3601:Jon Landau
3353:Malachiii
3320:Duke Deuce
3173:City Girls
3101:Lil Yachty
3026:See also:
3011:(formerly
2929:Drake Bell
2875:India.Arie
2761:Rick James
2757:Commodores
2669:Diana Ross
2557:Fingertips
2459:Rare Earth
2348:Diana Ross
2294:Mary Wells
2286:Mable John
2192:Chess and
2148:Come to Me
2086:Gwen Gordy
2038:Lil Yachty
2022:City Girls
1933:soul music
1332:California
1306:Population
879:Patriotism
864:Liberalism
844:Capitalism
815:Ideologies
696:Theologies
555:Juneteenth
527:Literature
455:Newspapers
363:Migrations
294:Juneteenth
182:California
149:(reissues)
93:1959-01-12
8356:UK garage
8351:Vaporwave
8341:Synth-pop
8336:Dance-pop
8331:Chillwave
8323:Elsewhere
7946:Tuff Gong
7624:UM France
7589:EMI China
7551:Motown UK
7546:Island UK
7058:Boyd Muir
6533:(2007) .
6523:161468204
6421:March 16,
6390:March 16,
6330:March 16,
6273:March 16,
6243:March 16,
6152:144019819
6102:March 27,
5998:, p. 157.
5908:March 20,
5873:Billboard
5826:"X-Rated"
5770:"Cutlass"
5756:"Love Me"
5438:Billboard
4833:Citations
4807:Album era
4622:Carl Bean
4551:Liz Lands
4407:Four Tops
4336:Mike Curb
4321:Pat Boone
4313:Mike Curb
4024:(slogan:
3999:Dazz Band
3971:Four Tops
3939:Cocoa Tea
3747:Nashville
3707:Gil Askey
3603:wrote in
3581:back beat
3573:trademark
3541:Subgenres
3444:P Yungin
3266:Ted When
2769:Dazz Band
2562:Stateside
2303:Billboard
2125:Get a Job
1942:Billboard
1921:crossover
1790:Hollywood
1780:Blackface
1715:Prejudice
1633:US cities
1510:Lexington
1485:Davenport
1465:Baltimore
1441:US cities
1417:Tennessee
1367:Louisiana
1313:US states
1121:Melungeon
1091:Blaxicans
889:Socialism
854:Garveyism
829:Anarchism
633:Good hair
460:Soul food
430:Folktales
8374:Category
8246:Neo soul
7941:(Israel)
7480:UM Japan
7155:Darkroom
6585:Archived
6443:Archived
6415:Archived
6384:Archived
6355:. London
6324:Archived
6267:Archived
6237:Archived
6156:Archived
6096:Archived
5953:Archived
5650:Archived
5593:Archived
5559:MTV News
5539:March 2,
5533:Archived
5502:Archived
5472:Archived
5442:Archived
5417:March 9,
5411:Archived
5387:March 9,
5381:Archived
5314:Archived
5275:July 28,
5141:Archived
5055:Archived
5023:Archived
4972:Archived
4892:Archived
4858:Archived
4801:See also
4624:in 1977.
4529:new wave
4524:and the
4496:Charlene
4263:'s 1969
4174:Tom Clay
3548:pop-soul
3230:Emanuel
3189:Lil Baby
3040:Artists
2977:Kid Rock
2855:PolyGram
2816:PolyGram
2755:and the
2711:(1985).
2699:(1978),
2693:(1977),
2684:Mahogany
2654:(1973).
2642:(1972),
2577:label ("
2565:label ("
2455:Mel-o-dy
2358:, while
2074:Michigan
2034:Lil Baby
1966:PolyGram
1830:Category
1653:Diaspora
1580:Missouri
1505:Kentucky
1432:Virginia
1402:Oklahoma
1387:New York
1382:Nebraska
1372:Maryland
1347:Illinois
1327:Arkansas
1166:Merikins
1111:Freedmen
1084:Mascogos
884:Populism
775:Politics
670:Religion
640:Stepping
406:Lifeways
242:Timeline
209:a series
207:Part of
174:Location
141:(France)
8211:Electro
8191:Hip-hop
8111:Doo-wop
8080:Rapping
8075:Ragtime
7954:YG Plus
7938:Helicon
7930:Dreamus
6640:Archive
6618:Discogs
6411:article
6380:article
6320:article
6263:article
6216:July 4,
6189:July 4,
6065:(DVD).
5646:Variety
5104:Variety
5061:May 15,
4645:member
4476:Toe Fat
4366:Zig Zag
4287:Country
4093:" and "
4062:DeBarge
3743:Chicago
3626:" and "
3585:melodic
3533:1960s,
3419:Lakeyah
3153:Takeoff
3033:Current
2859:Seagram
2777:DeBarge
2702:The Wiz
2546:Fontana
2491:Detroit
2449:(jazz)
2443:Vee-Jay
2317:A&R
2305:Hot 100
2121:doo-wop
2070:Detroit
2056:History
1944:Hot 100
1902:Detroit
1688:Liberia
1570:Georgia
1565:Florida
1495:Houston
1490:Detroit
1475:Chicago
1460:Atlanta
1352:Indiana
1342:Georgia
1337:Florida
1322:Alabama
1254:Tutnese
1133:Redbone
859:Leftism
560:Kwanzaa
517:Studies
469:Schools
398:Culture
327:Aspects
272:Slavery
234:Periods
226:History
161:Various
101:Founder
91: (
83:Founded
32:Detroit
8420:Motown
8299:Legacy
8221:Techno
8156:Motown
8060:Gospel
8032:series
7123:Motown
7016:People
6711:People
6683:Motown
6631:(1969)
6614:Motown
6564:
6543:
6521:
6515:853340
6513:
6475:
6150:
6040:
5994:
5373:
5266:
5194:
4947:
4657:, and
4482:, and
4375:Trendz
4225:, and
4060:, and
4058:Switch
4009:, and
3933:, and
3901:payola
3816:, and
3796:, and
3780:, and
3689:&
3390:Brandy
3124:Offset
3049:Notes
3022:Roster
2957:Sinbad
2849:, and
2767:, the
2671:: the
2603:Diana!
2571:My Guy
2536:London
2437:, and
2410:, and
2396:V.I.P.
2390:, and
2370:, and
2354:, and
2340:top 10
2331:, and
2319:chief
2196:. The
2150:" for
1915:as an
1874:Motown
1722:Racism
1683:Israel
1673:France
1668:Canada
1663:Africa
1470:Boston
1407:Oregon
1362:Kansas
1272:Gullah
1161:Gullah
981:Sports
728:Hoodoo
184:, U.S.
8346:K-pop
8281:2010s
8271:Hyphy
8261:Crunk
8256:2000s
8231:1990s
8216:House
8206:1980s
8186:Go-go
8181:Disco
8176:1970s
8151:1960s
8126:1950s
8106:Bebop
8101:1940s
8090:Swing
8065:Blues
7528:UM UK
6519:S2CID
6511:JSTOR
6148:S2CID
5901:Clash
5840:"KAM"
4599:1979.
4544:Other
4531:trio
4526:black
4511:town
4432:Foley
4203:blues
3655:Brian
3589:chord
3487:NOBY
3476:2023
3456:Smino
3406:Diddy
3394:2022
3308:2021
3233:2020
3203:2019
3177:2018
3163:Migos
3140:Quavo
3128:2017
3105:2016
3089:2012
3085:Ne-Yo
3074:2003
3059:2000
2997:Ne-Yo
2612:with
2376:Gordy
2127:" by
2042:Smino
2030:Migos
2026:Diddy
1894:motor
1835:Index
1678:Ghana
1600:Texas
1525:Omaha
1422:Texas
934:NAACP
445:Names
435:Music
415:Dance
158:Genre
78:(UMG)
8161:Funk
8141:Soul
8136:Rock
8085:Jazz
7832:Vevo
6562:ISBN
6541:ISBN
6473:ISBN
6423:2014
6392:2014
6361:2010
6332:2014
6301:2011
6275:2014
6245:2014
6218:2024
6191:2024
6164:2015
6104:2012
6038:ISBN
5992:ISBN
5961:2016
5910:2023
5882:2022
5658:2020
5627:2014
5601:2014
5571:2014
5541:2012
5510:2021
5480:2021
5450:2020
5419:2019
5389:2019
5371:ISBN
5350:2023
5322:2011
5277:2023
5264:ISBN
5192:ISBN
5149:2011
5063:2020
5031:2011
4980:2011
4945:ISBN
4926:2016
4900:2016
4888:Time
4866:2015
4457:Rock
4448:and
4399:jazz
4392:Jazz
4327:and
4252:and
4199:jazz
4136:and
3876:and
3824:and
3804:and
3720:and
3657:and
3587:and
3521:soul
3115:and
2975:and
2951:and
2806:and
2775:and
2744:and
2738:Poly
2518:and
2419:Soul
2292:and
2156:song
2107:The
2088:and
1979:and
1898:town
1896:and
1768:and
1427:Utah
1397:Ohio
1357:Iowa
964:UNCF
425:Film
274:and
196:.com
6503:doi
6140:doi
5589:XXL
4659:702
4513:ROC
4480:XIT
4383:by
4369:by
4087:EMI
3959:MCA
3739:not
3638:".
3516:Pop
3364:DQ
3211:EMI
3070:Kem
2843:702
2733:NME
2636:'s
2620:'s
2597:TCB
2493:'s
2489:in
2350:),
2296:. "
1937:pop
1911:of
1892:of
522:Art
146:UMe
8416::
7308:XO
6517:.
6509:.
6499:14
6497:.
6449:,
6409:.
6378:.
6349:.
6318:.
6261:.
6208:.
6181:.
6154:.
6146:.
6136:14
6134:.
6130:.
6088:.
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5206:^
5169:^
5157:^
5101:.
5080:.
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5047:.
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4988:^
4959:^
4890:.
4886:.
4874:^
4852:.
4841:^
4653:,
4591:,
4587:,
4583:,
4579:,
4517:CO
4515:k
4509:MO
4478:,
4474:,
4470:,
4434:,
4430:,
4323:,
4319:,
4248:,
4244:,
4240:,
4221:,
4217:,
4213:,
4209:,
4164:,
4160:,
4156:,
4152:,
4148:,
4125:).
4083:US
4056:,
4052:,
4048:,
4044:,
4040:,
4036:,
4032:,
4005:,
4001:,
3997:,
3993:,
3989:,
3985:,
3981:,
3977:,
3973:,
3969:,
3965:,
3929:,
3925:,
3921:,
3812:,
3792:,
3788:,
3776:,
3745:,
3709:,
3705:,
3701:,
3697:,
3685:,
3681:,
3677:,
3673:,
3669:,
3665:,
3562:,
3479:3
3460:2
3447:2
3423:2
3378:2
3367:1
3356:1
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3311:2
3295:1
3282:3
3269:2
3259:2
3249:1
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3222:1
3206:1
3193:4
3180:2
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3144:3
3131:2
3108:8
3092:5
3077:6
3062:6
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