19:
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Mali has since 1994 when law allowed for private (as in non-state) radios to begin operating. Foreign funding, and some commercial funding (mostly in the capital) have helped to established 160 FM stations in Mali, though many of those are small community "suitcase radio stations". Private radio are
242:
SOTELMA the state telecom, provides X.25 and dial-up telephone services. Many operators offer dial-up internet service, and wireless internet services. Most ISPs are small Bamako based providers with a VSAT connection, a cyber cafe and use wireless systems (Alviron, 802.11a,b, g, Motorola) to share
443:
statistical evidence is consistent with anecdotal reports from both farmers and traders that the SIM radio broadcasts have fundamentally changed bargaining relationships between traders and farmers, forcing traders to offer more competitive prices in isolated rural
238:
13 (2001). There are an estimated 25 private internet service providers. Recently an association has been formed called AFIM (Association de
Fournisseurs de l'Internet au Mali), which is intended to represent these providers.
435:"Fact Sheet - Mali Market Information Study - Food Security II Cooperative Agreement between U.S. Agency for International Development and Michigan State University: in-country Time Period: July 1987 - December 1994"
1387:
243:
their service with their clients. Bamako has at least 21 wireless providers, ranging from small VSAT operators, to sophisticated, multi-access point, full services providers.
463:
CĂ©cile Leguy. Revitalizing the Oral
Tradition: Stories Broadcast by Radio Parana (San, Mali). Research in African Literatures, Fall 2007, Vol. 38, No. 3, Pages 136–147.
1331:
1101:
367:
76:
Since the 1980s, the government has instituted major infrastructural drives, primarily funded by
European government partners, to improve and expand communications.
334:
1747:
416:
1246:
1086:
257:
1106:
134:
network consists of microwave radio relay, open wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress
167:(office de Radiodiffusion au Television de Mali), which operates 2 FM stations and 1 television station, with repeaters throughout the country.
2455:
2427:
2422:
1447:
105:
There are some 112,000 (2012) fixed line telephone lines in Mali, far outstripped by 14.613 million (2012) mobile cellular phone lines.
232:
414,985 users or 2.9% of the population (2011). Internet usage is low by international standards, ranked 123 of 125 by the UN in 2002.
174:
The shortwave station in Bamako has seven frequencies and five transmitters and relays broadcasts for China Radio
International (2001)
49:
Prior to the 19th century, the area which became Mali was crisscrossed by trade and communication links, the most important being the
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usage, due to the vast and sparsely populated distances in the north and west, has grown tremendously since the 1990s.
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65:. During the first two decades of independence, Mali received major technical and financial support from the former
2090:
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In June 2003, legislation passed allowing other private telecommunications operators to enter the market.
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Internet connectivity, very low by developed world standards, has been the focus of decentralised
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2018:
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and the
Connect Africa projects to further computer and internet availability in the country.
87:
based development projects since the year 2000, while the government participates in the UN's
2139:
1943:
1908:
1828:
1808:
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2013:
1983:
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922:
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417:"VOA Training African Affiliates: Broadcasters' Fiscal Health Key 'To Guarantee Pluralism'"
8:
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2003:
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1998:
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73:, and their allies, especially in the area of radio and television broadcasting.
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2008:
1968:
1938:
1813:
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917:
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1988:
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987:
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268:
139:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
2188:
2028:
1973:
1903:
1868:
1803:
1702:
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1544:
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66:
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992:
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50:
30:
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domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service
108:
There are two major mobile telephone operators, Ikatel (a subsidiary of
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2100:
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1707:
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109:
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2358:
1680:
570:
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205:
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1628:
386:"Six radio station staff freed on completing sentences: Mali"
320:
263:
70:
2325:
515:
164:
26:
224:
57:
routes. Only the most basic infrastructure (notably the
22:
Children watch television in a village in rural Mali.
285:
283:
160:required to be members of URTEL, the radio union.
41:, while underdeveloped, is crucial to the nation.
280:
2519:
1033:
29:, a large, landlocked, multicultural country in
120:, the state owned telecommunications company).
441:. Archived from the original on Feb 28, 2013.
264:Union des Radios et Televisions Libres (URTEL)
1441:
1019:
500:
2456:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
258:Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision du Mali
2492:
1448:
1434:
1026:
1012:
507:
493:
53:, and important southern terminals of the
260:: State Radio and Television broadcaster.
199:
17:
142:
89:Global Alliance for ICT and Development
2520:
1455:
156:Government funded: AM 1, shortwave 1.
1429:
1007:
488:
469:. InteRadio, Vol. 5, No.2, June 1993.
2502:
94:
425:. 13 September 2005. Archived from
394:. 26 September 2006. Archived from
13:
301:from the original on Mar 21, 2024.
236:Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
14:
2549:
514:
473:
2501:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2470:
2091:Free-space optical communication
1332:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1102:Democratic Republic of the Congo
33:, consistently ranks low in the
116:) and Malitel (a subsidiary of
327:
305:
204:A computer training center in
184:Television broadcast stations:
1:
274:
61:) was constructed during the
2477:Telecommunication portal
2258:Telecommunications equipment
1034:Telecommunications in Africa
163:The state-operated radio is
63:period of French colonialism
7:
1994:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
246:
195:
10:
2554:
2528:Telecommunications in Mali
1698:Telecommunications history
551:History of the Mali Empire
439:MSU Agricultural Economics
211:
186:1 (plus repeaters) (2001)
149:Media_of_Mali § Radio
146:
98:
44:
2465:
2407:
2344:
2306:Public Switched Telephone
2266:
2230:
2187:
2128:
2118:telecommunication circuit
2079:Fiber-optic communication
2062:
1824:Francis Blake (telephone)
1771:
1619:Optical telecommunication
1463:
1345:
1320:
1039:
965:
908:
845:
836:
804:
795:
721:
712:
648:
639:
526:
455:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
391:Reporters Without Borders
253:Telephone numbers in Mali
154:Radio broadcast stations:
101:Telephone numbers in Mali
2217:Orbital angular-momentum
1654:Satellite communications
1493:Communications satellite
1087:Central African Republic
480:PanAfriL10n page on Mali
214:Internet freedom in Mali
37:. The infrastructure of
2096:Molecular communication
1919:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1748:Undersea telegraph line
1483:Cable protection system
335:"Mali - Internet users"
297:. CIA. March 26, 2024.
35:Human Development Index
2533:Communications in Mali
2238:Communication protocol
2024:Charles Sumner Tainter
1839:Walter Houser Brattain
1784:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1592:Information revolution
209:
39:communications in Mali
23:
2212:Polarization-division
1944:Narinder Singh Kapany
1909:Erna Schneider Hoover
1829:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1809:Alexander Graham Bell
1540:online video platform
1247:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1107:Republic of the Congo
601:2012 Tuareg rebellion
203:
21:
2054:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2014:Almon Brown Strowger
1984:Charles Grafton Page
1639:Prepaid mobile phone
1567:Electrical telegraph
675:Environmental issues
467:Radio Bamakan - Mali
143:Radio and television
2004:Johann Philipp Reis
1763:Wireless revolution
1725:The Telephone Cases
1582:Hydraulic telegraph
1322:States with limited
616:Ebola disease event
406:". Silvia Sansoni,
59:Dakar-Niger Railway
55:Trans-Saharan trade
2202:Frequency-division
2179:Telephone exchange
2049:Charles Wheatstone
1979:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1954:Innocenzo Manzetti
1889:Reginald Fessenden
1624:Optical telegraphy
1457:Telecommunications
814:Telecommunications
566:Kénédougou Kingdom
355:Turn your radio on
317:urtel.radio.org.ml
295:The World Factbook
210:
24:
2515:
2514:
2253:Store and forward
2248:Data transmission
2162:Network switching
2113:Transmission line
1959:Guglielmo Marconi
1924:Internet pioneers
1789:Mohamed M. Atalla
1758:Whistled language
1423:
1422:
1349:other territories
1122:Equatorial Guinea
1001:
1000:
961:
960:
875:Human trafficking
832:
831:
791:
790:
768:Political parties
763:National Assembly
736:Foreign relations
708:
707:
581:Toucouleur Empire
541:Pre-Imperial Mali
363:, 7 October 1995.
127:Telephone system:
95:Telephone service
2545:
2538:Internet in Mali
2505:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2346:Notable networks
2336:Wireless network
2276:Cellular network
2268:Types of network
2243:Computer network
2130:Network topology
2044:Thomas A. Watson
1899:Oliver Heaviside
1884:Philo Farnsworth
1859:Daniel Davis Jr.
1834:Charles Bourseul
1794:John Logie Baird
1503:Data compression
1498:Computer network
1450:
1443:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1410:
1409:(United Kingdom)
1405:Tristan da Cunha
1401:Ascension Island
1393:
1380:
1371:
1347:Dependencies and
1040:Sovereign states
1028:
1021:
1014:
1005:
1004:
981:
974:
843:
842:
802:
801:
719:
718:
646:
645:
586:Wassoulou Empire
509:
502:
495:
486:
485:
460:
454:
446:
430:
429:on May 15, 2009.
422:Voice of America
399:
398:on Oct 30, 2007.
381:
376:. Archived from
347:
346:
341:. Archived from
331:
325:
324:
323:on Mar 12, 2007.
319:. Archived from
309:
303:
302:
287:
220:Top-level domain
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2183:
2132:
2124:
2065:
2058:
1964:Robert Metcalfe
1819:Tim Berners-Lee
1767:
1587:Information Age
1459:
1454:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1391:
1378:
1369:
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1341:
1325:
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1035:
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1002:
997:
984:
977:
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953:Public holidays
904:
828:
787:
753:Law enforcement
704:
635:
596:Mali Federation
522:
513:
476:
448:
447:
433:
415:
384:
380:on Sep 8, 2011.
366:
350:
333:
332:
328:
311:
310:
306:
289:
288:
281:
277:
249:
230:Internet users:
216:
198:
180:570,000 (1997)
170:
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135:
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103:
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12:
11:
5:
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2197:Space-division
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2036:
2034:Camille Tissot
2031:
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2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:Claude Shannon
2006:
2001:
1999:Tivadar Puskás
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:Antonio Meucci
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Charles K. Kao
1936:
1931:
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1916:
1914:Harold Hopkins
1911:
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1814:Emile Berliner
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1753:Videotelephony
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1535:Internet video
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1414:Western Sahara
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1358:Canary Islands
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850:Child marriage
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783:Vice President
780:
778:Prime Minister
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685:National parks
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576:Massina Empire
573:
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558:
556:Songhai Empire
553:
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512:
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475:
474:External links
472:
471:
470:
464:
461:
431:
413:
412:, Feb 4, 2002.
400:
382:
364:
353:Peter Coles, "
349:
348:
345:on 2007-07-13.
326:
304:
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261:
255:
248:
245:
197:
194:
192:45,000 (1997)
144:
141:
137:international:
96:
93:
78:Cellular phone
46:
43:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2207:Time-division
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2133:and switching
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2085:
2084:optical fiber
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2074:Coaxial cable
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2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
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1989:Radia Perlman
1987:
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1879:Lee de Forest
1877:
1875:
1874:Thomas Edison
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Donald Davies
1862:
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1849:Claude Chappe
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1693:Smoke signals
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1671:Semiconductor
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1162:Guinea-Bissau
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860:Ethnic groups
858:
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629:
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621:2020 protests
619:
617:
614:
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592:
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587:
584:
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579:
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569:
567:
564:
562:
561:Bamana Empire
559:
557:
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549:
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539:
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531:
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411:
410:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:
373:Freedom House
369:
368:"Mali (2007)"
365:
362:
361:
360:New Scientist
356:
352:
351:
344:
340:
336:
330:
322:
318:
314:
308:
300:
296:
292:
286:
284:
279:
270:
269:Media of Mali
267:
265:
262:
259:
256:
254:
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250:
244:
240:
237:
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227:
226:
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193:
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185:
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133:
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106:
102:
92:
90:
86:
81:
79:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
42:
40:
36:
32:
28:
20:
16:
2189:Multiplexing
2064:Transmission
2029:Nikola Tesla
2019:Henry Sutton
1974:Samuel Morse
1904:Robert Hooke
1869:Amos Dolbear
1804:John Bardeen
1723:
1703:Telautograph
1607:Mobile phone
1562:Edholm's law
1545:social media
1478:Broadcasting
1397:Saint Helena
1368:
1272:South Africa
1262:Sierra Leone
1201:
1067:Burkina Faso
885:Prostitution
855:Demographics
813:
741:Human rights
726:Constitution
657:
591:French Sudan
536:Ghana Empire
442:
438:
427:the original
420:
407:
404:Silicon Mali
396:the original
389:
378:the original
371:
358:
343:the original
338:
329:
321:the original
316:
307:
294:
241:
235:
234:
229:
228:
218:
217:
190:Televisions:
189:
188:
183:
182:
177:
176:
171:
169:
162:
158:
153:
152:
136:
131:
126:
125:
122:
107:
104:
82:
75:
67:Soviet Union
48:
38:
25:
15:
2389:NPL network
2101:Radio waves
2039:Alfred Vail
1949:Hedy Lamarr
1934:Dawon Kahng
1894:Elisha Gray
1854:Yogen Dalal
1779:Nasir Ahmed
1713:Teleprinter
1577:Heliographs
1324:recognition
1277:South Sudan
1167:Ivory Coast
809:Foreign aid
746:LGBT rights
546:Mali Empire
51:Niger River
31:West Africa
2522:Categories
2435:Antarctica
2394:Toasternet
2316:Television
1799:Paul Baran
1731:Television
1715:(teletype)
1708:Telegraphy
1686:transistor
1664:Phryctoria
1634:Photophone
1612:Smartphone
1602:Mass media
1379:(Portugal)
1337:Somaliland
1257:Seychelles
1222:Mozambique
1207:Mauritania
1192:Madagascar
1147:The Gambia
1082:Cape Verde
933:Literature
275:References
212:See also:
147:See also:
99:See also:
2419:Americas
2408:Locations
2379:Internet2
2140:Bandwidth
1844:Vint Cerf
1741:streaming
1719:Telephone
1659:Semaphore
1550:streaming
1212:Mauritius
880:Languages
865:Education
824:Transport
773:President
731:Elections
680:Mountains
641:Geography
631:2021 coup
626:2020 coup
606:2012 coup
132:domestic:
2487:Category
2374:Internet
2364:CYCLADES
2281:Ethernet
2231:Concepts
2155:terminal
2106:wireless
1929:Bob Kahn
1772:Pioneers
1597:Internet
1488:Cable TV
1403: /
1399: /
1392:(France)
1386: /
1364: /
1360: /
1312:Zimbabwe
1287:Tanzania
1137:Ethiopia
1132:Eswatini
1112:Djibouti
1077:Cameroon
1062:Botswana
988:Category
948:Polygamy
890:Religion
758:Military
714:Politics
700:Wildlife
670:Communes
611:Mali War
520:articles
451:cite web
444:markets.
339:Globalis
299:Archived
247:See also
196:Internet
2507:Commons
2497:Outline
2450:Oceania
2369:FidoNet
2354:ARPANET
2167:circuit
1736:digital
1465:History
1388:RĂ©union
1384:Mayotte
1375:Madeira
1370:(Spain)
1366:Melilla
1297:Tunisia
1267:Somalia
1252:Senegal
1237:Nigeria
1227:Namibia
1217:Morocco
1182:Liberia
1177:Lesotho
1127:Eritrea
1097:Comoros
1072:Burundi
1047:Algeria
972:Outline
918:Cuisine
910:Culture
895:Slavery
838:Society
819:Tourism
797:Economy
690:Regions
659:Cercles
653:Borders
528:History
313:"URTEL"
178:Radios:
118:SOTELMA
114:Senegal
110:Sonatel
85:commune
45:History
2445:Europe
2415:Africa
2399:Usenet
2359:BITNET
2296:Mobile
2172:packet
1681:MOSFET
1676:device
1473:Beacon
1407:
1390:
1377:
1307:Zambia
1302:Uganda
1242:Rwanda
1197:Malawi
1157:Guinea
1052:Angola
993:Portal
870:Health
695:Rivers
665:Cities
571:Kaarta
518:
409:Forbes
291:"Mali"
206:Bamako
2428:South
2423:North
2384:JANET
2321:Telex
2311:Radio
2150:Nodes
2145:Links
2066:media
1644:Radio
1629:Pager
1557:Drums
1523:video
1518:image
1508:audio
1362:Ceuta
1282:Sudan
1232:Niger
1187:Libya
1172:Kenya
1152:Ghana
1142:Gabon
1117:Egypt
1057:Benin
979:Index
943:Music
938:Media
923:Films
900:Women
172:note:
112:, of
71:China
2440:Asia
2326:UUCP
2286:ISDN
1292:Togo
1202:Mali
1092:Chad
928:Flag
516:Mali
457:link
165:ORTM
27:Mali
2331:WAN
2301:NGN
2291:LAN
1572:Fax
1513:DCT
357:".
225:.ml
2524::
453:}}
449:{{
437:.
419:.
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370:.
337:.
315:.
293:.
282:^
69:,
2458:)
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402:"
222::
208:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
