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to entrust the island's fate to the Great Powers. Venizelos participated in new negotiations with the consuls, seeking to obtain a maximum of concessions regarding the island's internal affairs. In a letter addressed to the Great Powers, he stated his intention to lay down arms in exchange for honourable conditions. Most of the insurgents were ready to hand over their weapons and, for those who refused to lay down arms, it was proposed that they be transported to Greece without being disarmed. In exchange for 800 guns and the same number of cartridges, an amnesty would be possible for the insurgents, except for the gendarmes who had deserted. With these conditions, Venizelos accepted surrender. Several days later, he obtained the right to have the deserting gendarmes transported to Greece. On 25 November, the
Theriso camp was broken up and an amnesty proclaimed.
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799:, on the road to Theriso, ready to receive orders. With the arrival of troops at Alikianos, Colonel Lubanski of the French Army organised a first meeting with the insurgents at Fournes, between Alikianos and Theriso, in a spot where the insurgents could see unmistakably the European force gathered in the valley. The talks took place on 1 April and were attended by Konstantinos Foumis and Konstantinos Manos, with Colonel Lubanski receiving the insurgents' grievances. The following day, the latter went to Theriso with a message for Venizelos: the Powers were unanimous regarding the impossibility of the island's annexation by Greece.
411:. The conflict's origin can be traced to 1901, when Prince George dismissed Venizelos from the government. The hostility between Venizelos and the prince was precipitated by the latter's attitude toward foreign relations and by his refusal to engage in dialogue with his advisers over the island's internal affairs. After a prolonged political struggle, Venizelos and his followers decided upon an armed uprising, with the goals of uniting Crete with Greece and ushering in a more democratic government for the island.
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the face of these reinforcements, the rebels had to abandon their positions and beat a retreat south to
Atsipopoulo, on the heights of Rethymno. After violent combat pitting them against the Russians and the gendarmes, the Cretans ended up ceding the village to the Russians. Among the victims of the fighting were certain insurgent leaders. The reports of the French consul at Chania observe that, despite these events, the insurgents were not leading a systematic attack against European troops.
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assembly, while the opposition won 36. When Prince George opened the parliamentary session in July, he announced that the international commission's report had been studied by the Great Powers, who were also considering how
Cretans' national aspirations could be taken into account. Strengthened in its intentions, the assembly once again voted for Crete's annexation by Greece and suspended its activities until the Powers' decision was to be made known.
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934:, a former Greek prime minister, for a five-year term beginning on 18 September 1906. From June 1906, an agreement between the former rebels of Theriso and the Cretan Assembly allowed for the creation of a constituent assembly led by Antonios Michelidakis. On 2 December, this body submitted a new constitution to Zaimis, who then swore allegiance to it.
621:, a childhood friend of Venizelos' and former High Court prosecutor, as well as a member of parliament and former minister, was assigned charge of finances; Konstantinos Manos, the former mayor of Chania, handled the military aspect and held the post of general secretary; Venizelos covered the political and organisational side.
569:. The passage toward Theriso was defended by narrow gorges, easy for the insurgents to control. Moreover, these gorges concealed numerous grottoes and caverns that served as natural shelters for the insurgents who converged around Theriso. The village was already a symbol of resistance before 1905: in 1821, during the
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Greece. The Powers, especially Russia and
Austria-Hungary, adamantly opposed union for fear it would disrupt the fragile political equilibrium in Europe, particularly in the Balkans. Additionally, they were unwilling to appease Greece, with its famously weak army and navy, at the expense of alienating Turkey.
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exercising his duties proclaimed Crete's union with Greece, an action later approved by parliament. The office of High
Commissioner was abolished and the Greek constitution adopted. An executive committee met, with Venizelos at its centre holding the foreign affairs portfolio. The Greek government of
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Venizelos was disposed to accept the proposals, but Prince George viewed them with hostility. In the following days, he asked for Athens to present his resignation to the Powers. His father, King George I, exercised his full powers in order to try and modify the reforms granted to the island, but the
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accompanied by Cretan gendarmes. At the beginning of June, Russian troops disembarked in Crete and took several villages while the
Russian fleet bombarded several others. The British, despite their support of the existing regime, only took a few symbolic actions without real impact. As for the French
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In foreign relations, Prince George alone was authorised to deal with the Great Powers, as illustrated by the absence of a foreign affairs minister. The Prince took responsibility for the matter of Greek annexation of the island and discussing the subject with the foreign ministers of Russia, France,
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The principal source of contention between the Prince and
Venizelos concerned their vision for the island's government. Although the chief author of the island's constitution (notably of articles guaranteeing individual liberties and equality between Christians and Muslims), Venizelos believed it was
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At the end of
November 1905, close to 1,000 insurgents and gendarmes were transported to Greece. Nevertheless, despite their departure and the halt to the revolt called by Venizelos, Crete remained tense and the island was liable to erupt in insurrection yet again. Tensions between the supporters of
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In
November 1905, in response to Venizelos' letter affirming his willingness to lay down arms, the Powers agreed to significant reforms and proclaimed a general amnesty in exchange for 700–800 guns. An international commission visited the island and recommended the overhaul of the Cretan gendarmerie
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Later however, as the Great Powers realised that Prince George had lost popular support, they arranged for negotiations. On 13 July, the insurgent leaders were invited to meet the
European consuls. The following day, Venizelos, Foumis and Manos met them at a monastery near Mournies. Each leader went
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laid down their arms and were granted an amnesty. In mid-October, Venizelos and his comrades recognised that it would be difficult to maintain the revolt, all the more so as the latest military operations had been directly aimed at them, notably by the Russians. They gave notice that they were ready
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The arrival of winter made life more difficult for the insurgents hiding in the mountains. Moreover, since October, the financial situation had been worrisome. In order to sustain the insurgents’ war effort, Venizelos had to take out loans. Thus, he borrowed 100,000 francs in obligations of 5 francs
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Venizelos thought union would be premature, especially as Cretan institutions were still unstable. He recommended instead the creation of a Cretan army, followed by the withdrawal of European troops. Once foreign control had diminished, then union with Greece could take place. However, this approach
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The Theriso revolt established Eleftherios Venizelos’ fame in Crete and also in continental Greece; he would go on to serve as Prime Minister of Crete from April to September 1910. The following month, King George I invited him to become Prime Minister of Greece, an office he would hold seven times
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Martial law was declared by Prince George, who only had 1,100 gendarmes at his disposal, as well as recognition from the European powers. The presence of two parallel governments led to a near-civil war among the population, with clashes leaving several victims in the vicinity of Chania. At the end
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In February 1905, Venizelos organised an assembly at Theriso with a group of seventeen other Cretan leaders who became the core of his movement. At first they were joined by 300 armed Cretans who, although not posing a significant military threat, would prove very difficult to remove, hidden in the
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which led to the establishment of autonomy in Crete, Venizelos was a fervent proponent of union with Greece. However, during his premiership of the island, he envisioned autonomy, believing union would be premature. During his absence from power, Venizelos again changed his belief about the "Cretan
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seeking to free political prisoners, insurgents attacked Koubes (west of Rethymno). The following day, Colonel Urbanovich send fifty infantrymen there to defend the position, but the Russian soldiers suffered a setback. Urbanovich himself then went to the scene leading a column of 400 soldiers. In
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Venizelos next appeared on the public stage in the spring of 1905, when an insurrection against the Cretan government broke out. He was its leader, denouncing the corruption of Prince George's entourage and the ruler's inability to persuade the Great Powers to accept the idea of Crete's union with
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Venizelos handed in his resignation on two occasions: first on 5 March 1901, citing health reasons, and then on 18 March, explaining that he could not work while in permanent disagreement with his colleagues and the High Commissioner. George refused to accept his resignation, instead preferring to
580:
10 March] 1905, when some 1,500 Cretans met at Theriso, which thenceforth became the centre of the revolt. Venizelos and other prominent critics of the Prince formed the core of the revolt, along with around a thousand men, of whom only half were armed. From the first moments, skirmishes
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Order gradually returned to the island. A public administration was set up and laws passed for improving the health and education systems. In July 1907, Michelidakis was elected president of the Cretan Assembly, defeating Konstantinos Foumis by 34 to 31 votes. Impressed by the efforts the Cretan
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The following day, Papagiannakis, a former deputy in the Cretan Assembly, and Konstantinos Manos, communicated to the consuls of the Great Powers, on behalf of the rebels, the reasons that had led to the revolt. They mentioned the transitional character of the present government and the eventual
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After his departure, the newspapers launched an anti-Venizelos campaign. A series of articles possibly written by the Prince's secretary referred to him as the "insolent counselor", criticising his policies as anti-union, anti-dynastic and pro-Powers. After his dismissal, Venizelos withdrew from
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In the assembly, 80 of 130 deputies, all close to the government, showed their displeasure with the idea of replacing George, a development that threatened to plunge the island anew into revolt. The closer the Prince's departure seemed, the more his allies agitated in the hope of a new European
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12 September] 1906, Prince George left the island for good. Numerous sympathisers converged upon Chania to bid their goodbyes. Six hundred of these were armed, which added to the moment's tension. There was no longer any question of delaying his departure and proceeding to hold lavish
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In February 1906, the Great Powers sent a mission to evaluate Crete's administration and finances. At the end of March, the members of the commission finished their study, which they gave to the Powers. Fresh legislative elections took place in May 1906. The Prince's party won 78 seats in the
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On 31 July, the Powers declared martial law. This measure seems to have had a minimal impact: the insurgents then controlled the entire west of the island, where order reigned, and they were ready to retreat into the White Mountains if necessary. Afterwards, the foreign troops increased their
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Italy and Britain, without taking care to speak to his counselors. In the summer of 1900, when he was preparing to tour the European courts, the prince declared: "When I am travelling in Europe, I shall ask the Powers for annexation, and I hope to succeed on account of my family connections".
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Disagreements soon emerged between the two men. Their first argument concerned the construction of a palace for Prince George. Shortly after his arrival on the island, the latter indicated his wish for a palace. Venizelos protested that a palace would be a symbol of permanence for a regime he
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From the beginning of the insurrection, the Great Powers' consuls based in Crete convened in numerous meetings. The reinforcement of the local gendarmerie with European troops was quickly planned. With similar speed, Prince George of Greece secured from the European powers the creation of an
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roiled the Ottoman political landscape and strained relations between Turkey and Crete. The empire's new leaders wished to abrogate the agreements adopted concerning the island's statute and reintegrate Crete into the Empire. On 10 October, taking advantage of Zaimis’ absence, the committee
689:. Two Russian officers and an Italian lieutenant of the gendarmerie went to meet the rebels in order to engage in negotiations. The Italian gendarme ordered the insurgents to wave the white flag of surrender in the next half-hour or else face shelling. An hour and a half later, the
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Among the European nations, Russia reacted most promptly to the events. According to Venizelos' biographer Chester, the Russian conscripts were particularly cruel in their treatment of the Venizelists. During March and April, a contingent of the Tsar's soldiers marched toward the
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government had made, and having received assurances regarding the safety of the Muslim population, the European powers decided to send their troops home. On 26 August 1908, the first French contingents embarked at Chania, paving the way for a complete evacuation of the island.
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On 31 May, at the end of the parliamentary session, most of the deputies joined the Theriso Assembly. A month later, two of the prince's chief counselors, Kriaris and Koundouros (the finance minister), resigned their posts and joined their former colleague in the mountains.
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From Theriso, Venizelos organised a provisional government that printed its own postage stamps and newspaper. Papagianannakis was elected president of the insurrection's assembly and was assisted by four vice-presidents. A revolutionary triumvirate emerged:
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was impossible as long as Prince George remained the island's High Commissioner. The following declaration was approved by the insurgents and read in St. George's Church at Theriso on 10 March: "The Cretan people, meeting in a general assembly at Theriso in
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Theriso gorge. The impact of this act was important: within twenty days, some 7,000 sympathisers had flocked to Theriso. Venizelos chose the village of Theriso for its strategic position 14 km from Chania, its naturally defenses at the foothills of the
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In February 1901, the Powers refused to make any change to the island's status. Although this demonstrated the correctness of Venizelos' approach, something Prince George publicly admitted, it was the minister who endured attacks from the press.
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After the Cretan Assembly issued its declaration of independence in April 1905, the Great Powers responded on 2 May (OS): they were determined to use their naval and ground forces if necessary to maintain order. That same day, at
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11 March] 1905 that would choose 64 Cretan deputies (in addition to the ten directly named by Prince George). The Theriso insurgents called for a boycott of the elections and for an armed struggle against the regime.
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desire to join Greece, and cited the political instability which prevented foreign investment and hindered the island's development. Finally, they mentioned the growing general discontent because of the government's "nearly
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The Theriso revolt not only established Venizelos as the leading politician in Crete, but also brought him to the attention of the wider Greek world. His reputation would lead in 1909 to his call to Greece, where he became
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far too conservative and granted the Prince too much power. The Cretan assembly had few powers and only met once every two years. Moreover, ministers were in fact counselors to the prince, who alone could approve laws.
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Agreement on the points of disagreement with Turkey, among which were the question of the national flag, the detention of Cretan prisoners in Turkey, telegraph rates and the protection of Cretans abroad and in
649:, the deputies proclaimed the union of Crete with the Greek mother country and placed it under the control of King George I. They then informed the consuls of the Great Powers at Chania of this resolution.
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The new assembly, which met on 20 April at Chania, was opened by a speech from Prince George on the economy and planned reforms. However, as soon as he left the chamber, the assembly voted in favour of
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Aside from a general dissatisfaction with the Prince's authoritarian government, the assembled rebels fervently supported union with Greece. On the first day of the uprising, Venizelos declared that
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to the monastery accompanied by his men, who surrounded the building, but without incident. With each side remaining camped on its positions, no agreement was reached during the talks.
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did not risk ratifying this union, but the Great Powers only protested half-heartedly, continuing their military withdrawal and completing it in June 1909. In 1913, following the
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778:, opposed Venizelos' action. Deligiannis informed King George of the insurrection and Prince George of his support, and denounced "Venizelos' coup d'etat in Crete" publicly.
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726:. At first agreeing to talks at the Theriso camp, Venizelos then declined the invitation, claiming that any cooperation with the High Commissioner was impossible.
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At the beginning of summer in 1905, Prince George realised the importance of renewing dialogue with Venizelos. He wished to do so through a mutual acquaintance,
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Before the Prince's allies had time to respond, the Assembly decided to convoke a National Assembly that could make laws regarding all the relevant issues.
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Question". As in 1897, he thenceforth advocated union at all costs. Although absent from political life, he showed his support for the advocates of union (
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During a new parliamentary session in September, the Cretan Assembly, encouraged by the Theriso revolt, voted for several reforms taken directly from the
848:
each side led to conflict. For instance, when municipal elections were held and the opposition won 40 of 77 available mayoral posts, bloodshed resulted.
674:. Three rebels and two gendarmes were killed, while fifteen peasants were wounded. During the skirmishes, residents set ablaze the gendarmes' stations.
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Creation of a commission composed of Cretans and consuls to review the expropriation of Muslim properties, lands, mosques and cemeteries
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At the beginning of August, the insurgents took the customs house at Kasteli Panormos. On the morning of 7 August, the Russian gunboat
835:. At Rethymno, the Russians declared a state of siege and the measures they took were more severe than in the island's other regions.
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and the Italians, they avoided taking part in any anti-revolutionary activity. Nevertheless, an international force was assembled at
456:(France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary) were opposed to it. A compromise led to the creation of an
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597:, today, 11/24 March 1905, proclaims its political union with the Kingdom of Greece, in a single free and constitutional state".
807:, the Greek flag flying above a government building was discreetly removed by the British Army and replaced with a Cretan flag.
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intended to be temporary, while union with Greece was awaited. The offended prince eventually dropped his demand for a palace.
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intervention. However, it was clear to the Powers this time that the situation could only improve with George's departure.
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so that Greek officers would lead it, and the withdrawal of international forces present on the island starting in 1897.
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Gorges at Theriso. The road, which runs along the riverbed at the gorge's base, did not exist at the time of the revolt.
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and, while the crowd began to stir itself up, troops intervened at the same time as British soldiers disembarked.
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F. R. Bridge, "Relations with Austria-Hungary and the Balkan States, 1905–1908", in Francis Harry Hinsley (ed.),
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politics. However, in December 1901, he responded to the accusations by means of five articles in the newspaper
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international corps intended to aid the Cretan gendarmerie in protecting Chania from a possible rebel attack.
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Extension to Crete of the Greek Finance Commission (an international commission controlling Greek finances)
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A recommendation obliging the consuls to consult with local authorities on all matters of public order
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domination since the mid-17th century. The island's Christian majority wished to join Greece, but the
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Creation of Cretan armed forces that would allow the definitive withdrawal of international troops
468:, was named High Commissioner. In turn, Prince George named Eleftherios Venizelos prime minister.
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Eleftherios Venizelos during the years of the High Commissionership of Prince George (1898–1906)
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Eleftherios Venizelos during the years of the High Commissionership of Prince George (1898–1906)
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On 25 July, at Chania, the Great Powers announced a series of proposed reforms for the island:
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under Ottoman suzerainty, guaranteed by the presence of military contingents of the Powers.
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The opposition decided not to take part in the elections scheduled for 24 March [
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1010:"You were quite right. The Powers refuse annexation point-blank", in Kerofilas, p. 31
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1521:, Institute for Neohellenic Research, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 2006.
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C. Kerofilas, p. 41. According to Chester, p. 95, this sentence was read in French.
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sole concession he was able to obtain was the right to choose his son's successor.
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Abolition of the prince's prerogative to name ten Assembly deputies of his choice;
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each in Greece. October also saw the first defections. Rebel bands from around
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Abolition of the prince's prerogative to name mayors and municipal councillors;
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The revolt stemmed from the dispute between Venizelos and the island's ruler,
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Against Massacre: Humanitarian Interventions in the Ottoman Empire, 1815–1914
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The triumvirate of the revolt: Foumis, Venizelos and Manos at Theriso in 1905
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The rebellion broke out officially in broad daylight on 23 March [
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of April, armed encounters between gendarmes and rebels took place at
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dismiss him for insubordination. On 20 March, posters on the walls of
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A report on interest payments on a 4,000,000-franc loan through 1911
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Introduction of universal male suffrage for all municipal functions;
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Life of Venizelos, with a Letter from His Excellency M. Venizelos
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Reform of the gendarmerie, by placing a Greek officer at its head
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1905 rebellion against the Ottoman-controlled government of Crete
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aboard, as well as several Cretan gendarmes, laid anchor off
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ceremonies for him. He went on board the Greek battleship
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1569:, National Research Foundation "Eleftherios K. Venizelos"
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activity. The British occupied Heraklion, the Russians
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that broke out in March 1905 against the government of
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Meeting during a speech by Venizelos on 25 March 1905
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Committee for drafting the Cretan constitution, 1906
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Abrogation of restrictions on freedom of the press;
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1519:Eleftherios Venizelos: the Trials of Statesmanship
693:opened fire. This incident caused greater unrest.
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1443:
1379:
1377:
513:announced the Prince's dismissal of Venizelos.
2434:Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
1404:
1310:
1308:
1261:
1259:
1235:
1207:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1137:
392:. The revolt was led by the Cretan politician
2793:
2618:
2013:
1598:
1457:
1455:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1249:
1247:
1228:
1226:
1025:
1013:
995:
964:, Crete achieved official union with Greece.
1498:British Foreign Policy Under Sir Edward Grey
1440:
1431:
1374:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1214:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1130:
1128:
1464:
1365:
1305:
1256:
1202:
1188:
1149:
1116:
1041:
1039:
1037:
496:newspapers impatient for union to succeed.
492:was dimly viewed by public opinion and the
2800:
2786:
2625:
2611:
2020:
2006:
1605:
1591:
1452:
1422:
1413:
1395:
1386:
1356:
1326:
1291:
1268:
1244:
1223:
1179:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1053:
1051:
977:
1575:, National Board for Historical Service.
1335:
1317:
1158:
1125:
1080:
765:
499:
448:broke out in Crete, which had been under
1612:
1512:Eleftherios Venizelos, His Life and Work
1034:
940:
930:Prince George of Greece was replaced by
921:
780:
703:
660:
623:
607:
551:
478:
431:
82:Change of political status on the island
1089:
1048:
878:Equal rights for Christians and Muslims
720:, then correspondent in the region for
3907:
2509:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
2494:Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre
842:
3859:Kurdish rebellions during World War I
2781:
2606:
2027:
2001:
1586:
1288:Detorakis writes of 100,000 drachmas.
2632:
1906:First National Assembly at Epidaurus
1535:, Princeton University Press, 2012.
1500:, Cambridge University Press, 1977.
708:Venizelos and his sons Kyriakos and
696:While Konstantinos Manos marched on
749:Modification of the electoral laws.
547:
427:
13:
3940:Riots and civil disorder in Greece
3571:Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1867
3539:Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1854
2845:Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin
656:
14:
3956:
2177:Politically Independent Alignment
1724:National Progressive Center Union
1560:
865:Agreement on a loan of 9,300,000
400:, the focal point of the revolt.
2808:
2659:Classical and Hellenistic period
2121:Northern Epirus Liberation Front
1744:Democratic Centre Union (Greece)
334:
324:
298:
287:
265:
253:
241:
223:
211:
199:
187:
175:
153:
141:
125:
109:
99:
27:
1282:
1071:
544:) during their demonstrations.
55:(8 months and 2 days)
3691:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising
3675:1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion
2479:1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion
1946:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
1749:Union of the Democratic Centre
1573:The Cretan Question, 1897–1908
1062:
1058:The Cretan Question, 1897–1908
1004:
986:
1:
3787:Zaraniq rebellion (1909–1910)
2978:Expeditions against the Druze
2917:Expeditions against the Druze
2519:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
1476:
774:The Greek government, led by
3555:Mount Lebanon civil conflict
2994:Expedition against the Druze
2986:Theodoros Boua Grivas revolt
2965:Expedition against the Druze
2957:Mariovo and Prilep Rebellion
1941:11 September 1922 Revolution
1931:Movement of National Defence
917:
80:Resignation of Prince George
7:
2333:Constantine Paparrigopoulos
2207:United Nationalist Movement
2111:National Youth Organisation
1911:3 September 1843 Revolution
1517:Paschalis M. Kitromilides,
369:
53:23 March – 25 November 1905
10:
3961:
2837:Sheikh Bedreddin rebellion
2267:National Unity Association
2043:Modern Greek Enlightenment
1916:23 October 1862 Revolution
1633:Modern Greek Enlightenment
1577:Government Printing Office
1486:, Constable, London, 1921.
903:On 25 September [
665:Revolutionaries at Theriso
422:
3835:Raid on the Sublime Porte
3734:
3611:1878 Macedonian rebellion
3387:Priest Jovica's Rebellion
3339:Greek War of Independence
3291:Kabakçı Mustafa rebellion
3261:
3242:Koča's frontier rebellion
3165:
2944:
2933:Kalender Çelebi rebellion
2872:
2824:
2644:
2587:Geographical name changes
2574:
2514:Greece during World War I
2504:Greece in the Balkan Wars
2474:1878 Macedonian rebellion
2459:Cretan revolt (1866–1869)
2454:1867 Macedonian rebellion
2449:1854 Macedonian rebellion
2439:Greek War of Independence
2421:
2290:
2282:Greeks for the Fatherland
2197:National Democratic Union
2139:
2083:
2035:
1964:
1901:Greek War of Independence
1893:
1777:
1759:Liberal Alliance (Greece)
1739:Centre Union – New Forces
1691:
1620:
1489:Theocharis E. Detorakis,
1410:S.B. Chester, pp. 119–120
1241:S.B. Chester, pp. 113–114
571:Greek War of Independence
535:Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)
524:
464:, the second son of King
358:
311:
278:
165:
92:
45:
26:
21:
3587:Bulgarian April uprising
3499:Uprising of Dervish Cara
3347:Atçalı Kel Mehmet revolt
3307:Hadži-Prodan's Rebellion
2893:Nur Ali Halife rebellion
2561:1974 Cypriot coup d'état
2545:Cyprus crisis of 1963–64
2484:Greco-Turkish War (1897)
2343:Alexandros Koumoundouros
2217:National Political Union
2187:National Party of Greece
1805:Epameinondas Deligeorgis
1800:Alexandros Mavrokordatos
1729:National Political Union
1719:Liberal Democratic Union
971:
3925:20th-century rebellions
3819:Albanian revolt of 1912
3803:Albanian revolt of 1910
3395:Second Mašići Rebellion
3315:Second Serbian Uprising
3250:Tripolitanian civil war
3218:Patrona Halil Rebellion
3138:Second Tarnovo Uprising
2728:Great Cretan Revolution
2689:Second Byzantine period
2592:Greek language question
2550:Bloody Christmas (1963)
2242:National Front (Greece)
1714:National Unionist Party
1353:S.B. Chester, pp. 98–99
968:between 1910 and 1933.
881:Constitutional revision
581:took place between the
462:Prince George of Greece
405:Prince George of Greece
370:Epanástasi tou Therísou
3779:Hauran Druze Rebellion
3627:Kresna–Razlog Uprising
3595:Razlovtsi insurrection
3451:Belogradchik Rebellion
3283:First Serbian Uprising
3194:The Great Insurrection
3050:First Tarnovo Uprising
2901:Nasir al-Din rebellion
2853:Skanderbeg's rebellion
2679:First Byzantine period
2338:Aristotelis Valaoritis
2323:Theodoros Kolokotronis
2247:Popular Orthodox Rally
1754:Liberal Party (modern)
1146:P. Kitromilides, p. 75
1031:P. Kitromilides, p. 74
1022:P. Kitromilides, p. 73
1001:P. Kitromilides, p. 72
948:
927:
786:
766:International reaction
713:
666:
629:
613:
557:
500:Dismissal of Venizelos
484:
441:
359:Επανάσταση του Θερίσου
166:Commanders and leaders
3930:Eleftherios Venizelos
3747:Young Turk Revolution
3403:Syrian Peasant Revolt
2925:Baba Zünnun Rebellion
2699:Revolt of Saint Titus
2469:Epirus Revolt of 1878
2444:Epirus Revolt of 1854
2403:Georgios Papadopoulos
2368:Eleftherios Venizelos
2348:Theodoros Diligiannis
1977:Free public education
1845:Themistoklis Sofoulis
1830:Eleftherios Venizelos
1825:Konstantinos Raktivan
953:Young Turk Revolution
944:
925:
784:
776:Theodoros Deligiannis
707:
664:
627:
611:
555:
483:Eleftherios Venizelos
482:
435:
394:Eleftherios Venizelos
260:Theodoros Diligiannis
218:Aristeidis Stergiadis
182:Eleftherios Venizelos
35:Eleftherios Venizelos
3715:Mesopotamia uprising
3579:Herzegovina Uprising
3523:Herzegovina Uprising
3443:Berkovitsa Rebellion
3411:Tripolitanian revolt
3130:Druze power struggle
2973:Revolts of 1565–1572
2566:1990 Komotini events
2529:4th of August Regime
2464:Cretan revolt (1878)
2313:Ioannis Kapodistrias
2308:Alexander Ypsilantis
2101:Macedonian Committee
1972:Democratic education
1835:Pavlos Kountouriotis
1699:Constitutional Party
1614:Liberalism in Greece
1547:Histoire de la Crète
1514:, John Murray, 1915.
1449:T. Detorakis, p. 417
1437:T. Detorakis, p. 416
1428:S.B. Chester, p. 122
1419:S.B. Chester, p. 120
1401:S.B. Chester, p. 119
1392:S.B. Chester, p. 118
1362:S.B. Chester, p. 112
1302:S.B. Chester, p. 117
1279:S.B. Chester, p. 115
1253:S.B. Chester, p. 114
1185:S.B. Chester, p. 104
3867:Uprising in Karbala
3843:Euphrates rebellion
3763:Al-Bejat Revolution
3323:Wallachian Uprising
3210:Uprising in Vučitrn
3154:Karposh's rebellion
3146:Chiprovtsi uprising
2861:Buçuktepe rebellion
2672:Crete and Cyrenaica
2489:Macedonian Struggle
2408:Dimitrios Ioannidis
2192:4th of August Party
2172:Freethinkers' Party
1956:Anti-Junta movement
1870:Georgios Papandreou
1850:Georgios Kafantaris
1810:Charilaos Trikoupis
1643:Liberal nationalism
1579:, Washington, 1918.
1470:C. Personnaz, p. 64
1461:S.B Chester, p. 125
1371:C. Kerofilas, p. 44
1332:S.B Chester, p. 111
1323:S.B. Chester, p. 94
1314:C. Kerofilas, p. 46
1265:C. Kerofilas, p. 45
1232:S.B chester, p. 103
1211:C. Kerofilas, p. 43
1199:C; Kerofilas, p. 42
1167:S.B. Chester, p. 96
1134:S.B. Chester, p. 95
1122:C. Kerofilas, p. 37
1086:S.B. Chester, p. 85
983:C. Kerofilas, p. 32
843:End of the conflict
785:Konstantinos Foumis
619:Konstantinos Foumis
230:Ioannis Sfakianakis
206:Konstantinos Foumis
3811:Malissori uprising
3755:Hamawand rebellion
3419:Posavina Rebellion
3299:Jančić's Rebellion
3122:Abaza Hasan Revolt
3106:Atmeydanı Incident
3058:Thessaly Rebellion
2582:Aromanian question
2524:1931 Cyprus revolt
2429:Greco-Persian Wars
2388:Alexandros Papagos
2383:Angelos Sikelianos
2373:Nikolaos Plastiras
2232:Patriotic Alliance
2212:Party of Hellenism
2202:National Alignment
1875:Sofoklis Venizelos
1840:Nikolaos Plastiras
1764:Union of Centrists
1344:S.B Chester, p. 97
1110:2007-09-27 at the
958:Georgios Theotokis
949:
928:
787:
714:
712:at Theriso in 1905
667:
630:
614:
558:
485:
442:
294:Cretan Gendarmerie
271:Colonel Urbanovich
194:Konstantinos Manos
84:Union not achieved
37:in the village of
3945:Cretan rebellions
3915:Conflicts in 1905
3902:
3901:
3891:Koçgiri rebellion
3883:Uprising in Hilla
3771:31 March Incident
3603:Kumanovo Uprising
3379:Shkodër Rebellion
3026:Uprising in Banat
3018:Celali rebellions
2909:Celali rebellions
2885:Şahkulu Rebellion
2775:
2774:
2600:
2599:
2422:Historical events
2328:Dionysios Solomos
2318:Athanasios Diakos
2298:Adamantios Korais
2152:Nationalist Party
2140:Political parties
2029:Greek nationalism
1995:
1994:
1894:Historical events
1865:Dimitrios Psarros
1860:Georgios Kartalis
1820:Ioannis Psycharis
1795:Dionysios Solomos
1790:Theophilos Kairis
1785:Adamantios Korais
1692:Political Parties
1648:Liberal democracy
1383:Detorakis, p. 415
1220:Detorakis, p. 413
1176:Detorakis, p. 411
1045:J. Tulard, p. 117
946:Alexandros Zaimis
932:Alexandros Zaimis
367:
347:
346:
121:Military support:
88:
87:
3952:
3895:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3739:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3655:
3651:Ulcinj rebellion
3647:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3363:Bilmez Rebellion
3359:
3355:Bosnian uprising
3351:
3343:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3311:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3279:
3266:
3254:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3202:Karamanli revolt
3198:
3190:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3090:Abaza rebellions
3086:
3078:
3070:
3066:Mamluk Rebellion
3062:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3010:Beylerbeyi Event
3006:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2969:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2829:
2812:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2738:1897–1898 revolt
2627:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2539:Cyprus Emergency
2534:Greek resistance
2237:Political Spring
2162:New Party (1947)
2157:New Party (1873)
2096:Ethniki Etaireia
2022:
2015:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1951:Greek Resistance
1855:Nikolaos Politis
1815:Emmanuel Rhoides
1607:
1600:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1531:Davide Rodogno,
1493:, Iraklion, 1994
1491:History of Crete
1471:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1450:
1447:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1303:
1300:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1266:
1263:
1254:
1251:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1200:
1197:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1135:
1132:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1102:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1055:
1046:
1043:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
993:
992:Kerofilas, p. 30
990:
984:
981:
962:First Balkan War
585:and the rebels.
548:Theriso assembly
458:autonomous state
438:George of Greece
428:Autonomous Crete
383:autonomous state
372:
362:
360:
339:
338:
329:
328:
303:
302:
292:
291:
270:
269:
258:
257:
246:
245:
228:
227:
216:
215:
204:
203:
192:
191:
180:
179:
158:
157:
147:
145:
144:
131:
129:
128:
115:
113:
112:
104:
103:
47:
46:
31:
19:
18:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3851:Bitlis uprising
3845:
3837:
3829:
3827:Savior Officers
3821:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3737:
3730:
3725:
3723:Bitlis uprising
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3643:Thessaly Revolt
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3515:Albanian Revolt
3509:
3507:Albanian Revolt
3501:
3493:
3485:
3477:
3475:Diber Rebellion
3469:
3461:
3459:Vlora Rebellion
3453:
3445:
3437:
3435:Pirot Rebellion
3429:
3427:Livno Rebellion
3421:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3373:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3186:Naousa uprising
3180:
3168:
3161:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3098:Druze rebellion
3092:
3084:
3082:Druze rebellion
3076:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
3002:Cairo Rebellion
2996:
2988:
2980:
2967:
2959:
2947:
2946:Transformation
2940:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2875:
2868:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2827:
2820:
2806:
2776:
2771:
2760:Battle of Crete
2711:Siege of Candia
2694:Venetian period
2654:Mycenean period
2640:
2631:
2601:
2596:
2570:
2417:
2413:Antonis Samaras
2398:Georgios Grivas
2393:Napoleon Zervas
2378:Ioannis Metaxas
2286:
2135:
2106:Military League
2079:
2031:
2026:
1996:
1991:
1960:
1936:National Schism
1889:
1885:Georgios Mavros
1773:
1704:Modernist Party
1687:
1616:
1611:
1563:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1112:Wayback Machine
1103:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:Rodogno, p. 215
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
982:
978:
974:
920:
845:
823:and the French
819:, the Italians
768:
718:James Bourchier
683:Imperial Guards
659:
657:Quasi civil war
563:White Mountains
550:
527:
502:
430:
425:
343:
333:
323:
305:Imperial Guards
297:
296:
286:
274:
264:
252:
240:
234:
222:
210:
198:
186:
174:
152:
151:
142:
140:
139:
135:
126:
124:
123:
119:
110:
108:
98:
83:
81:
72:
54:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3958:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3920:1905 in Greece
3917:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3743:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3707:Theriso revolt
3704:
3699:Shoubak revolt
3696:
3688:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3560:
3552:
3547:Doljani Revolt
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3174:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3114:Çınar Incident
3111:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2970:
2962:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2881:
2879:
2874:Classical Age
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2842:
2833:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2818:Ottoman Empire
2805:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2750:Theriso revolt
2742:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2718:Ottoman period
2715:
2714:
2713:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2499:Theriso revolt
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2353:Kostis Palamas
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2272:Greek Solution
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2222:Hellenic Front
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1921:Theriso revolt
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1880:Ioannis Zigdis
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1562:
1561:External links
1559:
1558:
1557:
1543:
1529:
1515:
1510:C. Kerofilas,
1508:
1494:
1487:
1482:S. M Chester,
1478:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1463:
1451:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1304:
1290:
1281:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1234:
1222:
1213:
1201:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1157:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1115:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1068:Bridge, p. 166
1061:
1047:
1033:
1024:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
975:
973:
970:
919:
916:
893:
892:
889:
886:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
863:
860:
844:
841:
825:Agios Nikolaos
767:
764:
751:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
658:
655:
549:
546:
526:
523:
501:
498:
446:renewed revolt
429:
426:
424:
421:
417:Prime Minister
351:Theriso revolt
345:
344:
342:
341:
331:
320:
318:
314:
313:
309:
308:
284:
281:
280:
279:Units involved
276:
275:
273:
272:
262:
250:
237:
235:
233:
232:
220:
208:
196:
184:
171:
168:
167:
163:
162:
149:British Empire
137:Other support:
133:Russian Empire
106:
95:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
78:
74:
73:
63:
61:
57:
56:
51:
43:
42:
24:
23:
22:Theriso Revolt
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3957:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3892:
3889:
3884:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3868:
3865:
3860:
3857:
3852:
3849:
3844:
3841:
3836:
3833:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3817:
3812:
3809:
3804:
3801:
3796:
3793:
3788:
3785:
3780:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3764:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3733:
3724:
3721:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3700:
3697:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3683:Cretan Revolt
3681:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3667:Cretan Revolt
3665:
3660:
3659:Brsjak Revolt
3657:
3652:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3635:Epirus Revolt
3633:
3628:
3625:
3620:
3619:Cretan Revolt
3617:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3577:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3563:Cretan Revolt
3561:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3531:Epirus Revolt
3529:
3524:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3508:
3505:
3500:
3497:
3492:
3491:Niš Rebellion
3489:
3484:
3483:Cretan Revolt
3481:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3404:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3371:Laz rebellion
3369:
3364:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3332:
3331:Niš Rebellion
3329:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3260:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3227:
3226:Serb Uprising
3224:
3219:
3216:
3211:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3164:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3074:Epirus revolt
3072:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3042:Serb Uprising
3040:
3035:
3034:Himara Revolt
3032:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3016:
3011:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2943:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2756:World War II
2755:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2667:Cretan League
2665:
2664:
2663:Roman period
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:Minoan period
2647:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:Ion Dragoumis
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Rigas Feraios
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2262:ELAM (Cyprus)
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2167:Liberal Party
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:Filiki Eteria
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:Organizations
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:Hellenization
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1988:
1987:Progressivism
1985:
1983:
1982:Modernization
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:Liberal Party
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:Press freedom
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:Anti-nepotism
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1638:Republicanism
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1555:2-13-036274-5
1552:
1549:, PUF, 1979.
1548:
1545:Jean Tulard,
1544:
1542:
1541:0-69-115133-4
1538:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1527:0-7486-2478-3
1524:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1506:0-52-121347-9
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1467:
1458:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1152:
1143:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1019:
1017:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
976:
969:
965:
963:
959:
954:
951:In 1908, the
947:
943:
939:
935:
933:
924:
915:
913:
912:
906:
901:
897:
890:
887:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
864:
861:
858:
857:
856:
853:
849:
840:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
812:
808:
806:
800:
798:
793:
783:
779:
777:
772:
763:
760:
754:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
735:
734:
732:
727:
725:
724:
719:
711:
706:
702:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
663:
654:
650:
648:
644:
638:
635:
626:
622:
620:
610:
606:
604:
598:
596:
591:
586:
584:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
554:
545:
543:
542:
536:
531:
522:
520:
514:
512:
506:
497:
495:
489:
481:
477:
473:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
439:
434:
420:
418:
412:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
365:
356:
352:
337:
332:
327:
322:
321:
319:
316:
315:
310:
306:
301:
295:
290:
285:
283:
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277:
268:
263:
261:
256:
251:
249:
248:Prince George
244:
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197:
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138:
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118:
107:
105:Cretan rebels
102:
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79:
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75:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:
52:
49:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
3935:Cretan State
3795:Karak revolt
3736:Dissolution
3706:
3467:Druze revolt
3276:in Belgrade
3234:Orlov Revolt
3178:Edirne event
3093:(1624, 1627)
2749:
2745:Cretan State
2498:
2358:Pavlos Melas
2147:Napist Party
1920:
1734:Centre Union
1668:Human rights
1546:
1532:
1518:
1511:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1466:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1328:
1319:
1284:
1237:
1216:
1181:
1172:
1151:
1118:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1027:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
966:
950:
936:
929:
909:
902:
898:
894:
854:
850:
846:
837:
813:
809:
801:
788:
773:
769:
755:
752:
728:
721:
715:
695:
690:
678:
676:
668:
651:
642:
639:
631:
615:
599:
589:
587:
575:
559:
539:
532:
528:
518:
515:
507:
503:
490:
486:
474:
470:
454:Great Powers
443:
413:
402:
375:insurrection
350:
348:
136:
120:
117:Cretan State
93:Belligerents
65:Cretan State
3875:Arab Revolt
3738:(1908–1922)
3414:(1835–1858)
3265:(1789–1908)
3253:(1793–1795)
3169:(1700–1789)
3167:Old Regime
3133:(1658–1667)
3125:(1658–1659)
3021:(1590–1610)
2981:(1574–1576)
2948:(1550–1700)
2920:(1523–1524)
2876:(1453–1550)
2828:(1299–1453)
2733:1878 revolt
2723:1841 revolt
2684:Arab period
2555:Greek junta
2252:Golden Dawn
2182:Greek Rally
2048:Megali Idea
1683:Land reform
1663:Megali Idea
733:programme:
681:, with 200
647:Greek flags
583:gendarmerie
533:During the
444:In 1897, a
3909:Categories
2814:Rebellions
2765:Resistance
2706:Cretan War
2227:Front Line
2065:Venizelism
1926:Goudi coup
1673:Secularism
1653:Venizelism
1477:References
731:Venizelist
605:" nature.
603:absolutist
390:suzerainty
381:, then an
33:Statue of
3878:(1916–18)
3862:(1914–18)
3758:(1908–10)
3686:(1897–98)
3678:(1896–97)
3670:(1896–97)
3662:(1880–81)
3630:(1878–79)
3582:(1875–77)
3574:(1866–67)
3566:(1866–69)
3526:(1852–62)
3502:(1843–44)
3478:(1838–39)
3406:(1834-35)
3374:(1832–34)
3366:(1832–33)
3358:(1831–33)
3342:(1821–29)
3318:(1815-17)
3286:(1804–13)
3278:(1801–04)
3229:(1737–39)
3197:(1707–11)
3045:(1596–97)
2960:(1564–65)
2856:(1443–68)
2848:(1404–18)
2840:(1416–20)
2557:(1967–74)
2541:(1955–59)
1769:The River
918:Aftermath
833:Ierapetra
805:Heraklion
797:Alikianos
792:Lefka Ori
723:The Times
710:Sophoklis
672:Voukolies
373:) was an
364:romanized
3263:Decline
2575:Policies
2257:Spartans
2070:Metaxism
2058:Grecoman
2036:Ideology
1965:Policies
1628:Centrism
1621:Ideology
1108:Archived
821:Kissamos
817:Rethymno
698:Rethymno
687:Kastelli
494:Athenian
466:George I
312:Strength
60:Location
2816:in the
2634:History
691:Khrabry
679:Khrabry
595:Kydonia
450:Ottoman
436:Prince
423:Context
398:Theriso
387:Ottoman
366::
39:Theriso
3894:(1921)
3886:(1916)
3870:(1915)
3854:(1914)
3846:(1913)
3838:(1913)
3830:(1912)
3822:(1912)
3814:(1911)
3806:(1910)
3798:(1910)
3790:(1910)
3782:(1909)
3774:(1909)
3766:(1909)
3750:(1908)
3726:(1907)
3718:(1906)
3710:(1905)
3702:(1905)
3694:(1903)
3654:(1878)
3646:(1878)
3638:(1878)
3622:(1878)
3614:(1878)
3606:(1878)
3598:(1876)
3590:(1876)
3558:(1860)
3550:(1858)
3542:(1854)
3534:(1854)
3518:(1847)
3510:(1845)
3494:(1841)
3486:(1841)
3470:(1838)
3462:(1836)
3454:(1836)
3446:(1836)
3438:(1836)
3430:(1836)
3422:(1836)
3398:(1834)
3390:(1834)
3382:(1833)
3350:(1830)
3334:(1821)
3326:(1821)
3310:(1814)
3302:(1809)
3294:(1807)
3274:Dahije
3245:(1788)
3237:(1770)
3221:(1730)
3213:(1717)
3205:(1711)
3189:(1705)
3181:(1703)
3157:(1689)
3149:(1688)
3141:(1686)
3117:(1656)
3109:(1648)
3101:(1642)
3085:(1623)
3077:(1611)
3069:(1609)
3061:(1600)
3053:(1598)
3037:(1596)
3029:(1594)
3013:(1589)
3005:(1586)
2997:(1585)
2989:(1585)
2968:(1565)
2936:(1527)
2928:(1526)
2912:(1519)
2904:(1518)
2896:(1512)
2888:(1511)
2864:(1446)
2291:People
2131:EOKA B
2075:Enosis
1778:People
1553:
1539:
1525:
1504:
885:Turkey
867:francs
643:Enosis
590:Enosis
567:Sfakia
541:Enosis
525:Revolt
511:Chania
409:Greece
385:under
160:Greece
146:
130:
114:
77:Result
69:Greece
2826:Rise
2638:Crete
2277:LEPEN
972:Notes
911:Psara
829:Sitia
759:Sitia
519:Kyrix
379:Crete
355:Greek
330:1,100
317:1,500
307:(200)
67:(now
2126:EOKA
2116:EDES
1551:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1502:ISBN
905:O.S.
831:and
634:O.S.
578:O.S.
349:The
50:Date
2636:of
340:650
3911::
1454:^
1442:^
1376:^
1337:^
1307:^
1293:^
1270:^
1258:^
1246:^
1225:^
1204:^
1190:^
1160:^
1139:^
1127:^
1091:^
1050:^
1036:^
1015:^
827:,
419:.
361:,
357::
2801:e
2794:t
2787:v
2626:e
2619:t
2612:v
2021:e
2014:t
2007:v
1606:e
1599:t
1592:v
440:.
353:(
71:)
41:.
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