727:. While Makaba died without children, however he had engaged a woman called Nkae and to keep the royal lineage growing, Molefe from the second wife was called in to father children for Nkae. Molefe then bore three sons in the house of Makaba, namely Bogatsu, Phiri and Semele. Traditionally, the children were not his but his elder brothers Makaba. Molefe became the regent chief because Taukobong died while they were still young. However, when they had matured, Phiri suggested to his brother Bogatsu that they should take over the chieftainship from Molefe, this created enmity between the two with Phiri constantly plotting to kill Molefe. He said that sensing danger, Bogatsu then instructed Molefe to choose two of his favourite wards and ran away. In his determination to kill Molefe, he said, Phiri pursued and attacked Molefe but it was Phiri who was defeated and killed. Molefe did not return to Itlholanoga but continued with the journey until they arrived in Botswana where they asked for land to settle on from Kgosi Sechele of the Bakwena.
405:"Since her flight from the Harrismith (Thaba Ntshu) district Mmanthatisi had managed to brush aside all opposition in the territories she traversed, but now in the stifling bushveld of Botswana, she was to come face to face with a foe whose fighting forces were as numerous as, and also better fed than, those of the Wild Cat People. The vanguard of Mmanthatisi's army strode into ambuscades; large groups of men topped headlong into concealed pitfalls and met their death beneath volleys of barbed javelins. A battle broke out, in the course of which hundreds of the invaders were massacred. Before the situation could develop into a rout Mmanthatisi suddenly disengaged her armies and retreated with her hordes to the east. Thus Makaba became the first "Sotho" chief to repulse the formidable BaTlokwa (Wild Cat) Army, and to this day he is spoken of as the 'Man of Conquest.'"
333:. This, therefore, made her the first queen to act as a regent in the Batlokwa nation. Kgosihadi Mamohlahlwe was greatly assisted by her late husband's siblings, namely Kganye son of Thekiso and Motonosi son of Makoro. These chiefs assisted very well in the chieftainship of Batlokwa until Queen Mamohlahlwe gave way to her son Lebaka who then became the paramount king of Batlokwa.
615:, to be returned in 1991, with the recognition of Paramount Chief Lebaka David Tsotetsi. After the death of Chief Lebaka, his son Nkgahle Bert Tsotetsi took over, and mysteriously became recognised as a Senior Traditional Leader instead of his initial status of a Paramount Chief, in what seemed to be a political cover-up of the senior house of the Batlôkwa nation.
387:"Meanwhile Mmanthatisi was approaching with forty thousand men, women and children. It was January 1823, the time of the year crops were ripening and food was usually plentiful. But the Wild Cat People were compelled to live frugally, for so great had been the chaos brought about by difaqane/difetlwane in general and the plundering of Mmanthatisi, Mpangazita and
447:, the founder of the Basotho kingdom. For twenty years the two rivals raided each other and competed for adherents from among the many refugee bands in the region. Moshoeshoe – much the better diplomatist – gradually outstripped Sekonyela in numbers of supporters. In November, 1853 Moshoeshoe attacked and defeated Batlôkwa ba Mokotleng which Sekonyela fled to
305:(ca. 1735) was the paramount king of Batlôkwa ba Mokgalong, which was a senior branch of Batlokwa. He took over the reins after his father, Kgosi Seboloka, son of Mokgalo, died and he also, like most of the earlier chiefs, died at an early age, however by then he had already bore 6 sons by his Kgosihadi 'Mamohlahlwe, namely
631:
of the Zulus. In return, the
British signed a treaty with Batlôkwa to reside in the area, however as it was custom for the senior house to rule, Lesesa was supposed to be the leader of Batlôkwa in the area, however, he made an agreement with Mota to let him rule, as they had already been there before
237:
Some scholars caution against this classification of ethnic groupings since
Africans are not homogeneous peoples. Paul Maylam stressed that there is a common tendency for the criteria used to label African groups "to overlap between 'different' societies so that it becomes virtually impossible to use
202:, preferential marriage of maternal cousins with the exception to Batlôkwa who prefer marrying their paternal cousins, and an architectural style characterized by a round hut with a conical thatch roof supported by wooden pillars on the outside. Other commonalities included a style skin cloaks called
610:
The above-mentioned branches of Batlôkwa still share similar cultural and linguistic elements in their respective areas. Batlokwa ba
Mokgalong also known as Batlokwa ba Tsotetsi trace their descendency to Modungwane who was popularly known as Molefe who is the father of all the branches of Batlôkwa.
391:
in particular that entire tribes had vanished from their settlements even before they had tilled their fields in preparation for planting. Indeed, the
Central Plateau swarmed with hunger-stricken stragglers and small, detached parties of bandits. Apart from roots, bulbs and berries, there was little
356:
province of South Africa, was reportedly a tall, attractive woman. She married
Mokotjo, the chief of the neighboring Batlôkwa, in a typical dynastic alliance, and is said to have borne him four sons. Mokotjo died while the heir, Sekonyela, was still too young to assume the chieftaincy, so Manthatisi
180:
It comprises the followers of Tlôkwa kings and the members of clans identified as Tlôkwa, or individuals who identify themselves as of Tlôkwa descent. Most of the Batlôkwa clans trace their royal lineages to Kgwadi son of King Tabane, who was the father and founder of the
Batlokwa nation. The Tlôkwa
743:
but mostly speak
Sesotho. Sesotho, Northern Sotho and Setswana are largely mutually intelligible. Like most Africans, the Batlôkwa are adapting to a rapidly urbanising population and culture. In rural areas, traditional culture remains an important force in daily life. Customary law still plays a
525:
region after the defeat of
Sekonyela by Moshoeshoe. The main Tlôkwa clan in the area is the Batlôkwa Ba Ga Machaka and Ramokgopa. The two had separated in a quarrel for chieftaincy, with Ramokgopa ultimately residing in the eastern regions called Mokomene, in Limpopo. Another grouping under Kgosi
221:
people is one of continual dissension and fission where disputes, sometimes over kingship ascendancy, resulted in a section of the clan breaking away from the main clan, under the leadership of a dissatisfied king's relative, and settling elsewhere. Often the name of the man who led the splinter
197:
peoples. These different groups are often classified for convenience as 'Sotho-Tswana'. This is because, from an early stage of their history, they shared a number of linguistic and cultural characteristics that distinguished them from other Bantu-speakers of southern Africa. Most prominent was
626:
in a place called
Maseseng, Mokgalong; which is named after Chief Lesesa who settled there in the late 1800s after the British requested assistance in the form of warriors from King Leteka of the Batlokwa ba Mokgalong. Leteka in response sent through his junior brother, Prince Lesesa, with his
722:
from which they obtained water. Mosima then begot a son called
Motlhabane - who begot Mokgwa - a savanna shrub under which Mmakgosi delivered. Mokgwa then begot Taukobong. The name was chosen because there were no blankets and they opted for animal skins to keep warm. According to Kgosintwa,
402:"Meanwhile, the old Chief had decided not to surrender to Mmanthatisi without a fight. He called up every available warrior, garrisoned every pass leading to his capital, and with the guile for which he was famous, prepared traps into which he planned to lead his aggressors.
469:
Kgosi Sekonyela's downfall is commonly attributed to his personal defects. His love of war alienated his neighbours while his rough treatment alienated his own people. On the other hand, Moshoeshoe's rise to power was attributed to his love of peace and to his benevolence.
435:. His mother sent him away from the Tlôkwa to protect him from political rivals. He rejoined the Tlôkwa in 1824, after his mother had led the Batlôkwa during the early Difaqane/difetlwane wars. Amidst the social and political chaos which gripped the present Free State and
513:
grouping of the Sotho–Tswana. They arrived in the area in the 1820s and are not part of the Batlôkwa who had been led by Kgosi Sekonyela, as they had seceded at an earlier period. There is also scattering of the Batlôkwa found all over the North West Province.
379:
Her reign of military conquest extended as far as central modern day Botswana. At the height of her military and political power her army was estimated to contain forty thousand fighters. However, she eventually suffered a series of defeats beginning in
408:
Because of Manthatisi's notoriety, all Sotho-Tswana raiders became known as “boo-Mmanthatisi”, or “Mantatee Horde” by the English. Known also as the “Destroyer of Nations”, she was only stopped from entering the Cape Colony by British Forces near
486:
We recognize the late king Lesala as the last paramount king to have led the Batlokoa Ba Mokgalong, who was subsequently assassinated by the British colony for his 9000 cattle and for negotiating for a settlement to share his land.
225:
The traditions of the Batswana people point to a northward origin, and indicate that their southward movement was part of the great migrations of the Bantu-speaking iron-age peoples. Usually, the theory asserts that the
705:
During this time in the wilderness, Mmakgosi was expecting a child and after drinking water from one of the dugout holes, she gave birth to a son who was named Marakadu. She said that Marakadu was named after the
636:(ca. 1867–1946) and King Moloi of the Makgolokwe Tribe, who went to England in order to deliver a petition to the British Government, in order to try to acquire land back that was taken away from them before the
439:
regions, Sekonyela continued to build the Tlôkwa into a major military power. When the worst phase of the wars ended in the early 1830s, he settled on the naturally fortified mountains near the Caledon River.
345:(ca. 1781–1836) was one of the best known, and most feared, women military and political leaders of the early 19th century. In the years of wars, migrations, and state-formation often referred to as the
744:
vital role, and their unique culture of marrying their paternal cousins. In each region's urban areas, which are cosmopolitan, multi-racial and multi-cultural, western cultural norms are predominant.
702:, which has been the totem since that time. Batlôkwa then started drinking from such holes and since then they decided that nobody should harm the ant bear and it must be protected at all costs.
584:
In the Sesotho language grouping, the Batlôkwa are mainly found in the Eastern Free State region which is their area of jurisdiction with seven distinct Batlôkwa branches in the area, namely
611:
Batlokwa ba Mokgalong are recognised by the Free State House of Traditional Leaders, and are still struggling to acquire back their land which was stolen by the colonialists under the then
735:
The Batlôkwa share similar customs and tradition as other Sotho-Tswana clans. Depending on the area that they live in the speak normally one three languages which are Setswana,
627:
warriors, who joined the Batlokwa ba Mota who had already settled in the Nqutu area with the Hlubi, and together they succeeded in winning the battle and subsequently capturing
352:
Kgosihadi Manthatisi, the daughter of Chief Mothaba of the Basia people who were a sibling nation of Batlôkwa, in what later became the Harrismith (Thaba Ntshu) district of the
723:
Taukobong had three sons from different wives named Makaba, Molefe, and Tshekiso. He said that this was the time when Batlôkwa were at Itlholanoga - the snake eye, near
698:(ant-bear). This totem was chosen after the Batlôkwa were in the wilderness and became thirsty and hungry. They found a catch of the daywater from the many holes dug by
376:, driving out other Sotho communities living there. Her troops seized the crops and cattle of the people they attacked, leaving a trail of destruction and devastation.
230:
separated from other Bantu-speaking peoples in the vicinity of the Great Lakes of East Africa, and that they proceeded downwards along the western part of present-day
246:
Following the death of Masilo there was a leadership crisis that resulted in the formation of the Hurutshe and Kwena clans. The Batlôkwa claim lineage from the
349:
or Difaqane, the Tlôkwa people were first known in English as the Mantatees, after Manthatisi's name, in the literature of exploration, missions and empire.
1015:
659:
In Lesotho the Batlôkwa are one of the three main Sotho-Tswana clans who speak Sesotho. Their current Leader being Kgosi Ntjaqetho Sekonyela of Tlokoeng
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for asylum. After this defeat the people under Sekonyela disintegrated, some fled to Lesotho where they were absorbed into Moshoeshoe's state, others to
329:. At the time of his death, his successor Mohlahlwe was still a minor, and Batlokwa made a consensus that Queen Mamohlahlwe becomes regent for his son
521:. Here the Batlôkwa are part of the North-Sotho language grouping. They arrived in the region after separating from the Batlôkwa who had fled to the
326:
973:
181:
considers the Tlokwe-cat as their original totem which has since become extinct due to over-hunting for its fur, which was used by clan chiefs.
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him and his people. Lesesa also played a pivotal role in the struggle to acquire land back from the colonialists, and in 1905 he was joined by
478:
The Batlôkwa clans reside in Botswana, Lesotho and South Africa; it is not known how many Batlôkwa there are since no census has been done.
270:
274:
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306:
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From Eve to Dawn, A History of Women in the World, Volume III: Infernos and Paradises, The Triumph of Capitalism in the 19th Century
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people who were fleeing their homes in neighboring Natal. Made refugees themselves, Manthatisi who was then a Regent for her son
1008:
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from the Tshwane area in South Africa following the split with another Tlôkwa clan that went to settle in Batlôkwa north of
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and that is how they became dithakadu as they are known today. Marakadu then begot a son called Mosima, a hole dug by
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After Mmanthatisi's son Sekonyela reached maturity he took control of the baTlôkwa social structures and military.
612:
505:. Batlôkwa are also found at Molatedi Village (Kgosi Matlapeng), Letlhakeng-Montsana Village (Kgosi Sedumedi),
974:
http://newhistory.co.za/Part-2-Chapter-4-The-aftermath-of-the-Mfecane-Manthatisi-and-Sekonyela-of-the-Tlokwa/
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399:, made a firm decision not to surrender to Mmanthatisi without a struggle. Becker, described this in detail:
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64:
791:
Understanding Cry, the Beloved Country: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents
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1024:
623:
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food to be found in the veld, certainly not enough to feed so large a horde as that of Mmanthatisi."
381:
989:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110629132012/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=81347
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Sekonyela later obtained land in the Herschel district of the Eastern Cape where he died in 1856.
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633:
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in January 1823. Peter Becker describes the developments during this period when he stated that:
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in 1977 also as a result of chieftaincy quarrels with Batlôkwa ba Mphakane under Kgosi Machaka.
644:
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In South Africa, the Batlôkwa are found in significant numbers in six of the provinces, namely
253:
Tabane fathered a son Matlaisane from his senior wife and five sons by his junior wife, Diale,
823:
238:
all the major criteria at the same time to define nearly differing, self-contained entities."
353:
815:
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The Batlôkwa in Botswana are unique from the other Tlôkwa clans in that their totem is the
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108:
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clan and traced their early ancestry to Mokgatla, the founder of the BaKgatla and Tabane.
8:
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after they acknowledged the overlordship of the Bakwena. The capital of Botswana,
210:' peoples, and a tradition of building in stone in less grassy or wooded regions.
1080:
984:
http://www.togoto.co.za/index.asp?PID=2&fu=ReadArticle&gid=15&Issue=5
874:"A comparative study of strategy in Bantu tribal warfare during the 19th century"
710:- the saviour, adding that since then Batlôkwa agreed to change their totem from
637:
577:
Justice Bess Motsatsi-Nkabinde (retired Judge of the Constitutional Court of RSA)
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In the Limpopo province, they are found in a place called boTlôkwa, north of
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http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=2&dir=2008/May/Wednesday14
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http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=2&dir=2006/March/Sunday26
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In the North West the Batlôkwa settled in the region called Tlôkwe near
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428:
413:. Eventually Manthatisi settled her people on the Marabeng Mountains.
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Nonetheless, the most prosperous of the Botswana chiefs, Makaba of the
364:'s death the Batlôkwa ba Mokotleng faced military encroachments by the
290:
684:
680:
518:
285:, the son of Motonosi, fathered Mokotjo. Chief Mokotjo the father to
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Batlôkwa arrived in Botswana in 1887, settling in Moshwaneng on the
688:
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Kgosi Sekonyela's major rival for control of northern Lesotho was
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206:, dense and close village settlements larger than those of '
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people, which is one of sub-divisions of the Bantu-speaking
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Popular Politics in the History of South Africa, 1400–1948
1120:
911:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 210.
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mutually intelligible dialects. Other features included
169:) refers to several Kgatla communities that reside in
747:
945:. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 84.
793:. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 82.
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and the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape.
189:
The Batlôkwa kingdom is part of the larger group of
455:with a substation portion fleeing north to present
906:
822:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
559:Matome Zakea Seima, a writer, publisher and lawyer
281:respectively. Ten generations later, from Kgwadi,
943:Botswana's Search for Autonomy in Southern Africa
651:area under Chief Kakudi and Lehana respectively.
1138:
683:. The land they settled in was given to them by
643:In the Eastern Cape, Batlôkwa are found in the
533:These areas produced important people such as:
1023:
1009:
265:, and Mosia. Each broke away to form Bapedi,
907:Lipschutz, Mark; Rasmussen, R. Kent (1989).
337:Kgosihadi Manthatisi, wife of Kgosi Mokotjo
1016:
1002:
909:Dictionary of African Historical Biography
878:The South African Military History Society
222:group was taken as the new tribe's name.
788:
509:(Kgosi Motsatsi). They are part of the
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1139:
871:
846:
813:
997:
526:Manthata was moved to Mohodi next to
289:died at an early age, so his mother,
940:
752:Ke mafifitswana a go rekwa ka kgomo
13:
770:Ba ga Nkwenyana-a-Nkwe o apereng?
748:Leboko la Batlokwa (Batlokwa Poem)
419:
293:, was regent during his minority.
14:
1173:
962:
691:, is named after Kgosi Gaborone.
184:
931:Lipschutz & Rasmussen, Ibid.
588:Batlôkwa ba Mokgalong (Tsotetsi)
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357:acted as regent for Sekonyela.
934:
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851:. New York: CUNY. p. 32.
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372:commanded the Tlôkwa into the
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1147:Bantu peoples of South Africa
789:Chiwengo, Ngwarsungu (2007).
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622:, Batlôkwa are found in the
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65:African traditional religion
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1162:Monarchies of South Africa
767:Moapeelwana a sale a lela
764:Ba ga mosi mmolaya moapei
761:Ba ga Mmanakana-di-ganong
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1152:Ethnic groups in Botswana
1041:Barokologadi Ba Ga Maotwa
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1025:Ethnic groups in Botswana
758:Ba ga Mmanakana-a-Mosima
600:Batlôkwa ba Nasatse Patso
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847:French, Marilyn (2009).
755:Mafeta kgomo a je motho
613:Black Administration Act
634:Josiah Tshangana Gumede
941:Dale, Richard (1995).
872:Becker, Peter (1968).
597:Batlôkwa ba Makalakeng
556:Kgosiyentsho Ramokgopa
427:was born in 1804 near
16:Southern African tribe
814:Landau, Paul (2010).
681:Polokwane-Pietersburg
675:, after being led by
71:Related ethnic groups
594:Batlôkwa ba Morakadu
571:, Lehotlo Moshokoa,
297:Kgosi-kgolo Tsotetsi
109:Sotho-Tswana peoples
661:Mokhotlong District
213:The history of the
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773:Nkwe ke apere tau
624:Nqutu Municipality
606:Batlôkwa ba Masene
603:Batlôkwa ba Lehana
580:Maropene Ramokgopa
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833:978-0-521-19603-1
800:978-0-313-33508-2
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733:
669:
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573:Caiphus Semenya
484:
476:
425:Kgosi Sekonyela
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420:Kgosi Sekonyela
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299:
244:
187:
30:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1157:Northern Sotho
1154:
1149:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
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732:
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668:
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638:Anglo-Boer War
629:King Cetshwayo
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23:Tlôkwa people
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175:South Africa
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107:, and other
81:Sotho people
61:Christianity
19:Ethnic group
494:, Gauteng,
433:Wilge River
397:Bangwaketsi
105:Pedi people
93:Lozi people
1141:Categories
1046:Batalaunda
777:References
725:Rustenburg
492:North West
459:region in
445:Moshoeshoe
429:Harrismith
354:Free State
343:Manthatisi
341:Kgosihadi
309:(Lebaka),
291:Manthatisi
275:Maphuthing
267:Makgolokwe
519:Polokwane
474:Geography
370:Sekonyela
307:Mohlahlwe
287:Sekonyela
263:Matsibolo
204:mekgatlha
157:The term
45:Languages
1081:Mbanderu
1076:Mangwato
689:Gaborone
667:Botswana
645:Herschel
389:Matiwane
366:amaHlubi
315:Selemane
303:Tsotetsi
283:Montwedi
271:Batlôkwa
248:Hurutshe
232:Zimbabwe
219:Batswana
200:totemism
191:Bakgatla
163:Batlokoa
159:Batlôkwa
151:Botlôkwa
143:Setlôkwa
140:Language
135:Batlôkwa
127:Motlôkwa
55:Religion
50:Setlôkwa
29:Batlôkwa
1106:Talaote
1061:Kalanga
737:Sesotho
731:Culture
720:thakadu
716:thakadu
708:thakadu
700:thakadu
696:thakadu
655:Lesotho
523:Tshwane
496:Limpopo
461:Gauteng
457:Tshwane
449:Winburg
437:Lesotho
362:Mokotjo
347:Mfecane
323:Sethati
311:Tsibela
242:History
215:Basotho
171:Lesotho
167:Badogwa
148:Country
40:670,000
1116:Tswana
1111:Tlôkwa
1101:Subiya
1056:Herero
949:
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883:May 8,
855:
830:
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360:After
331:Lebaka
319:Leloka
259:Kgwadi
255:Kgetsi
195:Tswana
161:(also
132:People
124:Person
119:Tlôkwa
1096:Sotho
1066:ǃKung
279:Basia
208:Nguni
165:, or
1126:Yeyi
1086:Nama
1071:Lozi
947:ISBN
913:ISBN
885:2018
853:ISBN
828:ISBN
795:ISBN
712:nkwe
647:and
327:Thai
325:and
277:and
217:and
173:and
1121:Twa
1091:San
739:or
714:to
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