65:
935:; and toxic waste cleanup at 609 sites was halted. Other impacts included: the closure of 368 National Park sites resulted in the loss of some seven million visitors; 200,000 applications for passports were not processed; and 20,000–30,000 applications by foreigners for visas went unprocessed each day; U.S. tourism and airline industries incurred millions of dollars in losses; more than 20% of federal contracts, representing $ 3.7 billion in spending, were affected adversely. Military pay and benefits however were not adversely affected as resolutions were imparted to ensure payments were received as scheduled.
60:
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1147:"Armey replied gruffly that if I didn't give in to them, they would shut the government down and my presidency would be over. I shot back, saying I would never allow their budget to become law, 'even if I drop to 5 percent in the polls. If you want your budget, you'll have to get someone else to sit in this chair!' Not surprisingly, we didn't make a deal." Clinton wrote, describing the mood of the discussion. Page 681, My Life.
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571:'s funeral in Israel, Clinton had not taken the opportunity to talk about the budget and Gingrich had been directed to leave the plane via the rear door. The perception arose that the Republican stance on the budget was partly due to this "snub" by Clinton, and media coverage reflected this perception, including an editorial cartoon which depicted Gingrich as an infant throwing a
553:
The first budget shutdown concluded with
Congress enacting a temporary spending bill, but the underlying disagreement between Gingrich and Clinton was not resolved. The government shut down again on December 16 after Clinton vetoed a Republican budget proposal that would have extended tax cuts to the
437:
and other
Republicans. The first budget shutdown ended after Congress passed a temporary budget bill, but the government shut down again after Republicans and Democrats were unable to agree on a long-term budget bill. The second shutdown ended with congressional Republicans accepting Clinton's budget
915:
According to
Gingrich, positive impacts of the government shutdown included the balanced-budget deal in 1997 and the first four consecutive balanced budgets since the 1920s. In addition, Gingrich stated that the first re-election of a Republican majority since 1928 was due in part to the Republican
887:
poll had
Republicans receiving the brunt of the blame with 46% of respondents compared to the 27% that blamed Clinton. Clinton's Gallup approval rating stood at 51% in the early days of the December shutdown, but fell significantly to 42% as it progressed into January. Once the shutdown had ended,
874:
to reopen the park due to the shutdown's effects on local tourism revenue. On
November 17, Symington arrived at a closed gate for the park with 50 members of the Arizona National Guard to demand its reopening. A budget agreement was later passed to reopen the national parks with state funds, which
907:
in
January 1996 despite the willingness of other Republicans to continue the shutdown unless their demands were met. In particular, as Gingrich and Dole had been seen as potential rivals for the 1996 Presidential nomination, they had a tense working relationship. The shutdown was cited by Clinton
492:
Clinton said
Republican amendments would strip the U.S. Treasury of its ability to dip into federal trust funds to avoid a borrowing crisis. Republican amendments would have limited appeals by death-row inmates, made it harder to issue health, safety and environmental regulations, and would have
505:
authorizing interim funding for departments until new budgets were approved. The continuing resolution was set to expire on
November 13 at midnight, at which time non-essential government services were required to cease operations in order to prevent expending funds that had not yet been
534:
549:
On
November 14, major portions of the federal government suspended operations. The Clinton administration later released figures detailing the costs of the shutdown, which included payments of approximately $ 400 million to furloughed federal employees who did not report to work.
497:
premiums, but it would also cancel a scheduled reduction. The
Republicans held out for an increase in Medicare part B premiums in January 1996 to $ 53.50 a month. Clinton favored the then current law, which was to let the premium that seniors pay drop to $ 42.50.
575:. Opposing politicians used this opportunity to attack Gingrich's motives for the budget standoff. Later, the polls suggested that the event damaged Gingrich politically and he referred to his comments as his "single most avoidable mistake" as Speaker.
554:
wealthy, cut spending on social programs, and shifted control of Medicaid to the states. After a 21-day government shutdown, Republicans accepted Clinton's budget, as polling showed that many members of the public blamed Republicans for the shutdown.
493:
committed the President to a seven-year budget plan. Clinton vetoed a second bill allowing the government to keep operating beyond the time when most spending authority expires. A GOP amendment opposed by Clinton would not only have increased
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had not passed a budget. A majority of Congress members and the House Speaker, Newt Gingrich, had promised to slow the rate of government spending; however, this conflicted with the President's objectives for education, the environment,
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Polling generally showed that most respondents blamed congressional Republicans for the shutdowns, and Clinton's handling of the shutdowns may have bolstered his ultimately successful campaign in the
17:
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Party's hard line on the budget. The Republican Party had a net loss of eight seats in the House in the 1996 elections but retained a 227-206-seat majority in the upcoming
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from November 14 through November 19, 1995, and from December 16, 1995, to January 6, 1996, for 5 and 21 days, respectively. Republicans also threatened not to raise the
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proposal. The first of the two shutdowns caused the furlough of about 800,000 workers, while the second caused about 284,000 workers to be furloughed.
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report summarized other details of the 1995–1996 government shutdowns, indicating the shutdown impacted all sectors of the economy. The
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474:, their differences resulted from differing estimates of economic growth, medical inflation, and anticipated revenues.
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Since a budget for the new fiscal year was not approved, on October 1 the entire federal government operated on a
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688:
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When Clinton refused to cut the budget in the way Republicans wanted, Gingrich threatened to refuse to raise the
147:
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the Republican-controlled Congress sent him, as Clinton opposed the budget cuts favored by Speaker of the House
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563:
109:
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89:
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47:
510:, which Clinton vetoed as he denounced them as "backdoor efforts" to cut the budget in a partisan manner.
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445:. The second of the two shutdowns was the longest government shutdown in U.S. history until the
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CRS Report for Congress: Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects
1448:
1444:"Ducey says Grand Canyon to remain open, averting show of force staged by another governor"
1161:
966:
903:, was running for president in 1996. Due to his need to campaign, Dole wanted to solve the
8:
1123:"Clinton Vetoes Borrowing Bill – Government Shutdown Nears As Rhetoric Continues To Roil"
1054:"Clinton Vetoes Borrowing Bill – Government Shutdown Nears As Rhetoric Continues To Roil"
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stopped disease surveillance; new clinical research patients were not accepted at the
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59:
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to suspend funding other portions of the government to avoid putting the country in
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ended on September 30, 1995, the Democratic president and the Republican-controlled
558:
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appropriated. Congress passed a continuing resolution for funding and a bill to
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however, his Gallup approval ratings rose to their highest since his election.
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543:
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On November 13, Republican and Democratic leaders, including Vice President
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952:
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525:, met to try to resolve the budget and were unable to reach an agreement.
458:
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518:
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352:
1017:"Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects"
1540:"If it comes to a shutdown, the GOP should stick to its principles"
896:
533:
522:
1471:"Blame for Both Sides as Possible Government Shutdown Approaches"
572:
514:
1186:
Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush v. Gore
946:
567:, Gingrich made a complaint that, during a flight to and from
1632:
1508:"John Boehner, New House Speaker, Will Face Tough Challenges"
912:
as having a role in Clinton's successful 1996 re-election.
410:
Congress over funding for education, the environment, and
18:
United States federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996
866:
was closed for the first time in its history, governor
429:
The first shutdown occurred after Clinton vetoed the
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1158:"Government Shutdown? US Government Info/Resources"
985:
2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown
1227:
1418:"Appropriations Legislation for Fiscal Year 1996"
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1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
875:remained in place through the December shutdown.
1794:
1707:List of agencies affected by 2018–2019 shutdown
1215:Lars-Erik Nelson '64: A Subversive Among Cynics
920:. In the Senate, Republicans gained two seats.
1233:No Retreat, No Surrender: One American's Fight
1001:
980:2013 United States federal government shutdown
1618:
1160:. About.com. October 24, 1999. Archived from
557:During the crisis, while being questioned by
379:
1495:Presidential Approval Ratings – Bill Clinton
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1488:
1702:List of agencies affected by 2013 shutdown
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1611:
1505:
929:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
386:
372:
1828:Government shutdowns in the United States
1634:Government shutdowns in the United States
1506:Steinhauer, Jennifer (November 3, 2010).
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1182:
1120:
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1813:Government finances in the United States
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1389:"Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview"
1387:Saturno, James V. (September 13, 2017).
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742:Foreign Operations and Export Financing
532:
1386:
1329:"Gingrich as Speaker: Remembering When"
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1015:Brass, Clinton T. (February 18, 2011).
418:, the United States federal government
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1538:Gingrich, Newt (February 25, 2011).
1442:Ruelas, Richard (January 19, 2018).
1362:. New York: HarperCollins. pp.
1272:Hollman, Kwame (November 20, 1996).
1189:. Oxford University Press. pp.
578:
1327:Langer, Gary (September 28, 2007).
1042:
990:Appropriations bill (United States)
586:Agencies affected by the shutdowns
24:
1591:
1564:Klein, Philip (July–August 2010).
1473:. Pew Research. September 23, 2013
1299:Murdock, Deroy (August 28, 2000).
470:, and public health. According to
25:
1844:
1528:Back Bay Books, 2000, pp. 406–407
891:The shutdown also influenced the
398:As a result of conflicts between
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1121:Alan Fram (November 13, 1995).
1052:Alan Fram (November 13, 1995).
975:North American blizzard of 1996
1396:Congressional Research Service
1221:
1176:
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1141:
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1024:Congressional Research Service
925:Congressional Research Service
481:, which would have caused the
449:surpassed it in January 2019.
317:2023 Removal of Kevin McCarthy
13:
1:
995:
933:National Institutes of Health
840:Housing and Urban Development
564:The Christian Science Monitor
452:
447:2018–2019 government shutdown
1818:104th United States Congress
1697:List of federal funding gaps
1359:Lessons Learned the Hard Way
918:105th United States Congress
626:Food and Drug Administration
472:Bill Clinton's autobiography
7:
1301:"Newt Gingrich's Implosion"
1249:. About.com. Archived from
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857:
10:
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1803:Presidency of Bill Clinton
893:1996 Presidential election
864:Grand Canyon National Park
766:Shut down, reopened early
667:Shut down, reopened early
443:1996 presidential election
230:2007–2008 financial crisis
1823:1996 in American politics
1808:1995 in American politics
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1183:Patterson, James (2005).
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819:Health and Human Services
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624:, Rural Development, and
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261:2013 budget sequestration
166:Bowles–Simpson Commission
1524:Stephanopoulos, George.
222:Subprime mortgage crisis
51:United States of America
34:This article is part of
561:at a breakfast held by
1570:The American Spectator
1086:Clinton, Bill (2004).
901:Senate Majority Leader
872:Arizona National Guard
646:and Water Development
605:Military Construction
546:
483:United States Treasury
210:Social Security debate
49:Budget and debt in the
1276:. PBS. Archived from
1231:; Stephen Mansfield.
1217:(Columbia University)
910:George Stephanopoulos
542:cover illustrated by
536:
503:continuing resolution
358:Continuing resolution
1576:on December 31, 2010
1566:"Starving ObamaCare"
1449:The Arizona Republic
1164:on September 7, 2007
967:United States portal
844:independent agencies
759:District of Columbia
268:Government shutdowns
1544:The Washington Post
1274:"The State of Newt"
1028:The Washington Post
587:
416:1996 federal budget
348:Balance of payments
237:Debt-ceiling crises
160:Contemporary issues
1512:The New York Times
1129:. Associated Press
1060:. Associated Press
862:In Arizona, where
707:Legislative Branch
689:General Government
585:
547:
457:When the previous
95:Financial position
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1789:
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1373:978-0-06-019106-1
1280:on March 23, 2007
1127:The Seattle Times
1058:The Seattle Times
855:
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579:Affected agencies
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205:Political debates
200:Healthcare reform
190:Deficit reduction
16:(Redirected from
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836:Veterans Affairs
597:Second shutdown
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559:Lars-Erik Nelson
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278:1981, 1984, 1986
216:Starve the beast
74:Major dimensions
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1592:Further reading
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1253:on May 24, 2010
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1235:. p. 112.
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700:H.R. 2020
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685:Postal Service
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1668:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:the original
1569:
1559:
1549:February 28,
1547:. Retrieved
1543:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1501:
1475:. Retrieved
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1447:
1437:
1427:December 25,
1425:. Retrieved
1421:
1412:
1402:December 25,
1400:. Retrieved
1395:
1382:
1358:
1356:(May 1998).
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1332:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1304:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:the original
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:the original
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1209:
1185:
1178:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:the original
1152:
1143:
1133:November 22,
1131:. Retrieved
1126:
1116:
1088:
1062:. Retrieved
1057:
1032:. Retrieved
953:1990s portal
922:
914:
890:
882:
870:ordered the
861:
582:
562:
556:
552:
548:
537:
512:
500:
491:
476:
456:
440:
428:
424:debt ceiling
404:Bill Clinton
397:
310:
287:
259:
228:
195:Fiscal cliff
178:Debt ceiling
164:
115:Unemployment
85:Expenditures
32:
26:
1722:governments
1422:U.S. Senate
1398:. p. 6
1257:October 19,
1247:"Newt Baby"
1100:, 680–684.
1096:. pp.
622:Agriculture
600:Final bill
459:fiscal year
333:Cumulative
330:Terminology
105:Public debt
1797:Categories
1766:New Jersey
1729:California
1643:government
1580:October 5,
1477:October 1,
1312:August 15,
1284:August 14,
1229:DeLay, Tom
1034:October 4,
996:References
851:Shut down
848:Shut down
830:Shut down
827:Shut down
809:Shut down
806:Shut down
796:Shut down
793:Shut down
763:Shut down
748:Shut down
745:Shut down
729:Shut down
711:Shut down
693:Shut down
539:Daily News
519:Dick Armey
508:limit debt
479:debt limit
453:Background
408:Republican
402:President
400:Democratic
1745:Minnesota
1684:2018–2019
1669:1995–1996
1659:1981–1986
823:Education
591:Agencies
420:shut down
353:Inflation
303:2018–2019
288:1995–1996
1641:Federal
1333:ABC News
1064:March 3,
939:See also
897:Bob Dole
885:ABC News
858:Response
802:Interior
777:Commerce
681:Treasury
523:Bob Dole
468:Medicare
463:Congress
406:and the
339:Interest
298:Jan 2018
138:Medicare
132:Programs
110:Taxation
37:a series
1191:371–372
1168:June 3,
1089:My Life
923:A 2010
883:A 1995
781:Justice
725:Defense
515:Al Gore
487:default
414:in the
335:deficit
183:history
80:Economy
1720:State
1370:
1197:
1104:
899:, the
879:Result
842:, and
821:, and
787:, and
687:, and
644:Energy
529:Events
521:, and
40:on the
1392:(PDF)
1364:42–46
1026:(via
1020:(PDF)
908:aide
815:Labor
785:State
1778:2017
1773:2006
1757:2011
1752:2005
1736:1992
1679:2018
1674:2013
1664:1990
1654:1980
1582:2010
1551:2011
1479:2013
1457:2023
1429:2018
1404:2018
1368:ISBN
1340:2007
1314:2006
1286:2006
1259:2013
1195:ISBN
1170:2007
1135:2011
1102:ISBN
1066:2011
1036:2013
343:Debt
293:2013
283:1990
273:1980
252:2023
247:2013
242:2011
1098:673
1799::
1568:.
1542:.
1510:.
1487:^
1446:.
1420:.
1394:.
1366:.
1331:.
1303:.
1193:.
1125:.
1092:.
1074:^
1056:.
1044:^
1022:.
1003:^
895:.
838:,
817:,
783:,
779:,
683:,
517:,
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426:.
341:≈
337:+
1626:e
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1038:.
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214:"
20:)
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