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water. The law authorizes the
Environmental Protection Agency to regulate surface water pollution in the United States, in partnership with state agencies. Prior to 1972 it was legal to discharge wastewater to surface waters without testing for or removing water pollutants. The CWA was amended in 1981 and 1987 to adjust the federal proportion of construction grant funding for local governments, regulate municipal storm sewer discharges and to later establish the
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2034:"environmental and/or human health in more than a quarter of the studied locations". It investigated 1,052 sampling sites along 258 rivers in 104 countries, representing the river pollution of 470 million people. It found that "the most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and
2776:. Using the US as an example, the main industrial consumers of water (using over 60% of the total consumption) are power plants, petroleum refineries, iron and steel mills, pulp and paper mills, and food processing industries. Some industries discharge chemical wastes, including solvents and heavy metals (which are toxic) and other harmful pollutants.
1288:
A practical definition of water pollution is: "Water pollution is the addition of substances or energy forms that directly or indirectly alter the nature of the water body in such a manner that negatively affects its legitimate uses." Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by
4407:
is the primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution in surface waters. The 1972 CWA amendments established a broad regulatory framework for improving water quality. The law defines procedures for pollution control and developing criteria and standards for pollutants in surface
3384:
usually determines what is a natural component of water and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally occurring substances can have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna. Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials such as plant matter (e.g. leaves and grass) as well as
3910:
One aspect of environmental protection are mandatory regulations but they are only part of the solution. Other important tools in pollution control include environmental education, economic instruments, market forces and stricter enforcements. Standards can be "precise" (for a defined quantifiable
2289:
significantly contributes as well. It is a combination of chemicals and trash, most of which comes from land sources and is washed or blown into the ocean. This pollution results in damage to the environment, to the health of all organisms, and to economic structures worldwide. Since most inputs
2654:
In many areas of the world, groundwater pollution poses a hazard to the wellbeing of people and ecosystems. One-quarter of the world's population depends on groundwater for drinking, yet concentrated recharging is known to carry short-lived contaminants into carbonate aquifers and jeopardize the
3080:
Air deposition is a process whereby air pollutants from industrial or natural sources settle into water bodies. The deposition may lead to polluted water near the source, or at distances up to a few thousand miles away. The most frequently observed water pollutants resulting from industrial air
4323:
In the
Philippines, Republic Act 9275, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, is the governing law on wastewater management. It states that it is the country's policy to protect, preserve and revive the quality of its fresh, brackish and marine waters, for which wastewater
2230:
is improving globally, the absolute amount of plastic pollution continues to increase unabated due to the large amount of plastic that is being produced and disposed of. Even if sea plastic pollution were to stop entirely, microplastic contamination of the surface ocean would be projected to
3054:
have originated from a point source, the long-range transport ability and multiple sources of the pollutant make it a nonpoint source of pollution; if the discharges were to occur to a body of water or into the atmosphere at a single location, the pollution would be
2167:
Stormwater, untreated sewage and wind are the primary conduits for microplastics from land to sea. Synthetic fabrics, tyres, and city dust are the most common sources of microplastics. These three sources account for more than 80% of all microplastic contamination.
4246:
Effective control of urban runoff involves reducing the velocity and flow of stormwater, as well as reducing pollutant discharges. Local governments use a variety of stormwater management techniques to reduce the effects of urban runoff. These techniques, called
4218:. Discharge of toxic chemicals such as motor fuels and concrete washout can be prevented by use of spill prevention and control plans, and specially designed containers (e.g. for concrete washout) and structures such as overflow controls and diversion berms.
2720:), and their metabolites Water pollution due to environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants can have wide-ranging consequences. When sewers overflow during storm events this can lead to water pollution from untreated sewage. Such events are called
3263:. This refers to the measurement of specific properties of an organism to obtain information on the surrounding physical and chemical environment. Biological testing involves the use of plant, animal or microbial indicators to monitor the health of an
6663:
Gatidou G, Kinyua J, van Nuijs AL, Gracia-Lor E, Castiglioni S, Covaci A, Stasinakis AS (September 2016). "Drugs of abuse and alcohol consumption among different groups of population on the Greek Island of Lesvos through sewage-based epidemiology".
3177:, without sampling, such as temperature. Others involve collection of samples, followed by specialized analytical tests in the laboratory. Standardized, validated analytical test methods, for water and wastewater samples have been published.
4018:
and pathogens. While such advanced treatment techniques will undoubtedly reduce the discharges of micropollutants, they can also result in large financial costs, as well as environmentally undesirable increases in energy consumption and
4370:
Whitty's comments came after the study revealed that the UK was experiencing a growth in the number of people that were using coastal and inland waters recreationally. This could be connected to a growing interest in activities such as
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Downs CA, Kramarsky-Winter E, Fauth JE, Segal R, Bronstein O, Jeger R, et al. (March 2014). "Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata".
6308:
Hartmann, Andreas; Jasechko, Scott; Gleeson, Tom; Wada, Yoshihide; Andreo, Bartolomé; Barberá, Juan
Antonio; Brielmann, Heike; Bouchaou, Lhoussaine; Charlier, Jean-Baptiste; Darling, W. George; Filippini, Maria (May 18, 2021).
3103:
to produce acids. Some governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere. The main source of sulfur and nitrogen compounds that result in acid rain are
5081:
5002:
3081:
deposition are sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, mercury compounds, other heavy metals, and some pesticides and industrial by-products. Natural sources of air deposition include forest fires and microbial activity.
3267:. They are any biological species or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal what degree of ecosystem or environmental integrity is present. One example of a group of bio-indicators are the
4149:
water. Agricultural wastewater treatment is required for continuous confined animal operations like milk and egg production. It may be performed in plants using mechanized treatment units similar to those used for
3286:
The complexity of water quality as a subject is reflected in the many types of measurements of water quality indicators. Some measurements of water quality are most accurately made on-site, because water exists in
7362:
3030:, or hydrological modification (rainfall and snowmelt) where tracing pollution back to a single source is difficult. Nonpoint source water pollution affects a water body from sources such as polluted runoff from
3922:
Moving towards a holistic approach in chemical pollution control combines the following approaches: Integrated control measures, trans-boundary considerations, complementary and supplementary control measures,
12739:
4363:, as well as times of flooding or heavy rainfall. While heavy rainfall had always been associated with sewage overflows into streams and rivers, the British media went as far to warn parents of the dangers of
3010:) of water or air that does not originate from a single discrete source. This type of pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. It is in contrast to
2426:
is a large contributor to cultural eutrophication since sewage is high in nutrients. Releasing raw sewage into a large water body is referred to as sewage dumping, and still occurs all over the world. Excess
2164:, where they cause water pollution. 35% of all ocean microplastics come from textiles/clothing, primarily due to the erosion of polyester, acrylic, or nylon-based clothing, often during the washing process.
2598:. This type of water pollution can also occur naturally due to the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent, contaminant, or impurity in the groundwater, in which case it is more likely referred to as
5485:"Toxicopathological Effects of the Sunscreen UV Filter, Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3), on Coral Planulae and Cultured Primary Cells and Its Environmental Contamination in Hawaii and the U.S. Virgin Islands"
2004:
1367:
that mimic hormones in their action. These can have adverse impacts even at very low concentrations on the natural biota and potentially on humans if the water is treated and utilized for drinking water.
4080:
plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into
3919:(BPEO). Market-based economic instruments for pollution control can include: charges, subsidies, deposit or refund schemes, the creation of a market in pollution credits, and enforcement incentives.
7760:
1690:
are used to investigate pathogenic pollution of water because the detection of pathogenic organisms in water sample is difficult and costly, because of their low concentrations. The indicators (
4790:
3072:
leads to nutrient pollution. In addition to plant-focused agriculture, fish-farming is also a source of pollution. Additionally, agricultural runoff often contains high levels of pesticides.
4351:
newspaper interviewed Whitty, who stated that improving water quality and sewage treatment should be a high level of importance and a "public health priority". He compared it to eradicating
4336:
released a study into the effects wastewater on public health in the United
Kingdom. The study gained media attention, with comments from the UKs leading health professionals, including Sir
6137:
1703:
Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. Some microorganisms sometimes found in contaminated surface waters that have caused human health problems include
8052:
9335:
8027:. Preliminary Data Summary of Urban Storm Water Best Management Practices (Report). Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). August 1999. EPA-821-R-99-012.
6867:
6610:
Bletsou AA, Asimakopoulos AG, Stasinakis AS, Thomaidis NS, Kannan K (February 2013). "Mass loading and fate of linear and cyclic siloxanes in a wastewater treatment plant in Greece".
6058:
1984:
1976:
804:
4097:. Some industries install a pre-treatment system to remove some pollutants (e.g., toxic compounds), and then discharge the partially treated wastewater to the municipal sewer system.
9560:
7583:
Wang Y, Fan L, Jones OA, Roddick F (April 2021). "Quantification of seasonal photo-induced formation of reactive intermediates in a municipal sewage lagoon upon sunlight exposure".
5101:
983:
9555:
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that are present in many water bodies. Such organisms can be monitored for changes (biochemical, physiological, or behavioral) that may indicate a problem within their ecosystem.
978:
4997:
1694:) of fecal contamination of water samples most commonly used are total coliforms (TC) or fecal coliforms (FC), the latter also referred to as thermotolerant coliforms, such as
5238:
4033:. In the US, cities with large combined systems have not pursued system-wide separation projects due to the high cost, but have implemented partial separation projects and
10397:
2692:). The CWA definition of point source was amended in 1987 to include municipal storm sewer systems, as well as industrial storm water, such as from construction sites.
2196:
6791:
6111:
4003:
can be a low cost treatment option for sewage. UV light (sunlight) can be used to degrade some pollutants in waste stabilization ponds (sewage lagoons). The use of
8133:
2689:
7654:
Jones OA, Green PG, Voulvoulis N, Lester JN (July 2007). "Questioning the excessive use of advanced treatment to remove organic micropollutants from wastewater".
2531:
can also be a source of thermal pollution. Thermal pollution can also be caused by the release of very cold water from the base of reservoirs into warmer rivers.
5623:
Larsson DG, Adolfsson-Erici M, Parkkonen J, Pettersson M, Berg AH, Olsson PE, Förlin L (April 1, 1999). "Ethinyloestradiol — an undesired fish contraceptive?".
3385:
human-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the
2016:, but the current state of research shows that personal care products impact the environment and other species, such as coral reefs and fish. PPCPs encompass
4089:. This applies to industries that generate wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter (e.g. oil and grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals,
4060:
that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a
8220:
8184:
8150:
7764:
7312:
3368:, pathogens, and physical changes such as elevated temperature. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring (
1193:. Pollution is the result of the cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take many forms. One would is toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics,
7803:
George
Tchobanoglous; Franklin L. Burton; H. David Stensel (2003). "Chapter 3: Analysis and Selection of Wastewater Flowrates and Constituent Loadings".
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6478:
5750:
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and dust can also play a role, as these pollutants can settle into waterways and oceans. Pathways of pollution include direct discharge, land runoff,
12724:
2043:
2017:
7535:
Jones OA, Gomes RL (2013). "Chapter 1: Chemical
Pollution of the Aquatic Environment by Priority Pollutants and its Control". In Harrison RM (ed.).
6138:"Reactive Nitrogen in the United States: An Analysis of Inputs, Flows, Consequences, and Management Options, A Report of the Science Advisory Board"
4010:
Well-designed and operated systems (i.e., with secondary treatment stages or more advanced tertiary treatment) can remove 90 percent or more of the
5128:"Estimating Environmental Hazard and Risks from Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): Outcome of a SETAC Focused Topic Meeting"
11403:
6315:
6144:
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is another impact of water pollution. Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH value of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of
6569:
Arvaniti OS, Stasinakis AS (August 2015). "Review on the occurrence, fate and removal of perfluorinated compounds during wastewater treatment".
3196:
methods. Many published test methods are available for both organic and inorganic compounds. Frequently used parameters that are quantified are
1386:(HAV may be present in treated wastewater outflows and receiving water bodies but is largely removed during further treatment of drinking water)
10159:
9573:
4397:
4251:(BMPs) in some countries, may focus on water quantity control, while others focus on improving water quality, and some perform both functions.
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988:
8202:
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Water pollution may be analyzed through several broad categories of methods: physical, chemical and biological. Some methods may be conducted
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6165:
3950:
at construction sites can also help prevent water pollution. Effective control of urban runoff includes reducing speed and quantity of flow.
3426:
and killed 1.8 million people" (these are also referred to as waterborne diseases). Persistent exposure to pollutants through water are
6865:
Sisterson DL, Liaw YP (January 1, 1990). "An evaluation of lightning and corona discharge on thunderstorm air and precipitation chemistry".
6062:
9856:
4248:
2779:
Industrial wastewater could add the following pollutants to receiving water bodies if the wastewater is not treated and managed properly:
10304:
9268:
1066:
754:
12774:
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6520:
5844:
4340:. Outlining 15 recommendations for various UK bodies to dramatically reduce public health risks by increasing the water quality in its
11682:
7837:
11687:
6723:
Gatidou G, Arvaniti OS, Stasinakis AS (April 2019). "Review on the occurrence and fate of microplastics in Sewage
Treatment Plants".
6534:
Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD (2003). "Chapter 3: Analysis and
Selection of Wastewater Flowrates and Constituent Loadings".
5180:
Sinclair GM, Long SM, Jones OA (November 2020). "What are the effects of PFAS exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations?".
4627:
3667:
4839:
1667:* Sources of these pollutants are household and industrial wastewater, urban runoff and stormwater drainage from agricultural areas
5314:
Evans DM, Villamagna AM, Green MB, Campbell JL (August 2018). "Origins of stream salinization in an upland New
England watershed".
4822:
4412:. The fund provides low-interest loans to improve municipal sewage treatment systems and finance other water quality improvements.
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that has found its way into the water body. The cause for this can be lack of sanitation procedures or poorly functioning on-site
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approaches. In some cases municipalities have installed additional CSO storage facilities or expanded sewage treatment capacity.
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4305:
in 2020. A water body is classified as "good" quality if at least 80% of monitoring values meet target quality levels, see also
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10338:
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can cause eutrophication, especially in lakes. Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration of chemical nutrients in an
2853:, endocrine disrupting compounds, hormones, perfluorinated compounds, siloxanes, drugs of abuse and other hazardous substances
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1987:(PPCPs) is being investigated since at least the 1990s. PPCPs include substances used by individuals for personal health or
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9851:
8838:
8650:
7585:
7144:
6666:
6571:
5419:
Wang J, Wang S (November 2016). "Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater: A review".
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3974:
3852:
2635:
247:
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12789:
12353:
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4379:. Despite this growth in recreation, poor water quality meant some were becoming unwell during events. Most notably, the
4011:
3901:, Washington, D.C., United States. Seen in the distance are the sludge digester building and thermal hydrolysis reactors.
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1853:
1390:
Inadequately treated wastewater can convey nutrients, pathogens, heterogenous suspended solids and organic fecal matter.
374:
294:
7717:
4741:
Alexandrou L, Meehan BJ, Jones OA (October 2018). "Regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in recycled waters".
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11857:
9568:
9545:
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8384:
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8238:
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3481:. Eutrophication may occur naturally or as a result of human actions. Manmade, or cultural, eutrophication occurs when
3364:– fresh, coastal, and ocean waters. The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of
2704:. It is a major source of phosphate for example. Sewage is often contaminated with diverse compounds found in personal
968:
882:
324:
3453:(oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in water quality may occur. This can harm fish and other animal populations.
1311:
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6521:"Governments unite to step-up reduction on global DDT reliance and add nine new chemicals under international treaty"
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5095:
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waste, paper fibers, plant material, etc.) discharge high concentrations of BOD, ammonia nitrogen and oil and grease.
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824:
729:
2700:
Sewage typically consists of 99.9% water and 0.1% solids. Sewage contributes many classes of nutrients that lead to
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10844:
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9537:
7229:
Pollution is a major stress factor affecting all aquatic ecosystems including fresh, coastal and open ocean waters.
5796:
4922:
Guidelines for the Safe Use of
Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater, Volume 4 Excreta and Greywater Use in Agriculture
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4462:
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3027:
2326:, and dust. These nonpoint sources are largely due to runoff that enters the ocean through rivers, but wind-blown
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Eaton, Andrew D.; Greenberg, Arnold E.; Rice, Eugene W.; Clesceri, Lenore S.; Franson, Mary Ann H., eds. (2005).
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2008:
PPCPs have been detected in water bodies throughout the world. More research is needed to evaluate the risks of
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Agriculture is a major contributor to water pollution from nonpoint sources. The use of fertilizers as well as
2176:
Surface water pollution includes pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans. A subset of surface water pollution is
5897:"Microplastics from textiles: towards a circular economy for textiles in Europe — European Environment Agency"
2674:. Examples of sources in this category include discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city
12957:
12597:
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11677:
10361:
10134:
9776:
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7242:
6059:"The Impacts of Atmospheric Deposition to the Ocean on Marine Ecosystems and Climate WMO Bulletin Vol 58 (1)"
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3727:
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1995:
to boost growth or health of livestock. More than twenty million tons of PPCPs are produced every year. The
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12189:
10913:
10748:
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9069:
8818:
8798:
8550:
8328:
7700:
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6936:. In Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, Alleyne G, Claeson M, Evans DB, Jha P, Mills A, Musgrove P (eds.).
4996:
Schueler, Thomas R. "Microbes and Urban Watersheds: Concentrations, Sources, & Pathways." Reprinted in
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4266:
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and cause harmful effects there. The majority of this waste (80%) comes from land-based activity, although
2129:
can enter water bodies through untreated sewage, combined sewer overflows, urban runoff, people discarding
2035:
2031:
2021:
1857:
1198:
542:
394:
369:
164:
7033:
Doney SC, Fabry VJ, Feely RA, Kleypas JA (January 1, 2009). "Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem".
3893:
2199:. Lack of access to sanitation is concerning and often leads to water pollution, e.g. via the practice of
1090:, with a negative impact on their uses. It is usually a result of human activities. Water bodies include
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12123:
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3113:
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404:
6003:. Vol. III, Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts (Second ed.). London: Academic Press.
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compounds in the environment are associated with many large-scale environmental concerns. These include
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and improved chemical handling (e.g. management of motor fuels & oil, fertilizers, pesticides and
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that is dangerously alkaline and can lead to water pollution if not managed appropriately (photo from
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12796:
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11992:
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5483:
Downs CA, Kramarsky-Winter E, Segal R, Fauth J, Knutson S, Bronstein O, et al. (February 2016).
5409:
4926:
4488:
4383:
had to delay numerous swimming-focused events like the triathlon due to high levels of sewage in the
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4162:
may have lower operational costs for seasonal use conditions from breeding or harvest cycles. Animal
3912:
3847:
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3812:
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3737:
3637:
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3295:. Measurements commonly made on-site and in direct contact with the water source in question include
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2999:
2993:
2315:
1705:
1458:
1397:
Poster to teach people in South Asia about human activities leading to the pollution of water sources
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1320:
The following compounds can all reach water bodies via raw sewage or even treated sewage discharges:
1139:
784:
749:
709:
362:
329:
179:
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Takuissu GR, Kenmoe S, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Bowo-Ngandji A, et al. (2023).
4820:
Natural Environmental Research Council – River sewage pollution found to be disrupting fish hormones
4229:(soil loss due to water runoff) also results in loss of sediment and, potentially, water pollution.
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6793:
Nutrient Pollution From Agricultural Production: Overview, Management and a Study of Chesapeake Bay
6113:
Nutrient Pollution From Agricultural Production: Overview, Management and a Study of Chesapeake Bay
4655:"Modeling the contribution of point sources and non-point sources to Thachin River water pollution"
4359:
network. The study also identified that low water flows in rivers saw high concentration levels of
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4000:
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2543:, as gases are less soluble in warmer liquids), which can kill fish (which may then rot) and alter
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2030:
In 2022, the most comprehensive study of pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers found that
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contaminants. Due to these contaminants, it either no longer supports a certain human use, such as
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399:
334:
271:
7718:
Greening CSO Plans: Planning and Modeling Green Infrastructure for Combined Sewer Overflow Control
12910:
12837:
12669:
11518:
11441:
10945:
10834:
9781:
9709:
9512:
9278:
8808:
8359:
8006:
6797:
5456:"The Effects of Ultraviolet Filters and Sunscreen on Corals and Aquatic Ecosystems: Bibliography"
4026:
3792:
3717:
2721:
2444:
2070:
1954:
1777:
1773:
1335:
1206:
809:
764:
384:
12933:
12905:
12684:
12408:
11894:
11805:
11575:
11348:
11191:
11063:
10260:
10202:
10144:
9846:
9471:
8861:
8288:
8270:
5927:. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2017
4126:
3996:
3992:
3280:
3201:
3185:
3181:
3162:
3011:
2255:
1711:
1624:
1423:
1360:
947:
434:
79:
10169:
4581:
1297:, or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its biotic communities, such as fish.
13004:
12890:
12674:
12209:
12110:
12003:
11852:
11540:
11412:
11145:
11140:
10935:
10876:
10111:
9441:
9273:
9149:
9057:
8747:
8640:
8440:
7430:
3954:
3924:
3357:
3292:
3142:
2634:. Pollution (or contamination) can also occur from naturally occurring contaminants, such as
2587:
2581:
2286:
2259:
2126:
1523:
1135:
917:
759:
625:
537:
234:
10184:
6311:"Risk of groundwater contamination widely underestimated because of fast flow into aquifers"
4595:
3983:
Plastic waste on the big drainage, and air pollution in the far end of the drainage in Ghana
1122:
mix with these water bodies. Contaminants can come from one of four main sources. These are
12865:
12649:
12514:
12480:
12428:
12253:
12248:
12194:
12150:
12040:
11978:
11867:
11862:
11528:
11513:
11508:
11339:
11311:
11276:
11203:
11003:
10940:
10758:
10579:
10207:
10040:
9248:
8903:
8599:
7959:
7928:
7665:
7636:
7594:
7468:
7254:
7170:
7044:
6989:
6876:
6829:
6734:
6671:
6621:
6576:
6324:
6239:
5845:"More than ever, our clothes are made of plastic. Just washing them can pollute the oceans"
5697:
5587:
5325:
5268:
5191:
5049:
5019:
4843:
4748:
4587:
4258:
4073:
4057:
4034:
3571:
3427:
3193:
3105:
2666:
refers to contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable source, such as a
2623:
2568:
2003:
residues with the potential of contamination of water and soil to be "priority substances".
1958:
1265:
459:
192:
87:
10267:
7536:
6228:
Olenin S, Minchin D, Daunys D (2007). "Assessment of biopollution in aquatic ecosystems".
6143:. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA-SAB-11-013. Archived from
4951:
4920:
4871:"Occurrence of Hepatitis A Virus in Water Matrices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
4847:
4068:
in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in
3392:
2938:. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or
8:
13009:
12875:
12870:
12644:
12443:
12433:
12268:
11877:
11601:
11426:
11334:
11242:
11230:
11120:
11073:
10881:
10804:
10530:
10321:
10212:
9952:
9907:
9821:
9816:
9719:
9315:
9253:
9220:
9159:
9091:
8956:
8951:
8929:
8503:
7056:
5576:"Emerging wastewater contaminant metformin causes intersex and reduced fecundity in fish"
5232:
Schueler, Thomas R. "Cars Are Leading Source of Metal Loads in California." Reprinted in
4477:
4380:
4372:
4286:
4171:
3911:
minimum or maximum value for a pollutant), or "imprecise" which would require the use of
3542:
3518:
3312:
3127:
3096:
2713:
2647:
2508:
2440:
2192:
2047:
1500:
1147:
794:
739:
704:
630:
557:
507:
502:
487:
144:
66:
7963:
7669:
7598:
7472:
7325:
Dovjak, Mateja; Kukec, Andreja (2019), "Health Outcomes Related to Built Environments",
7258:
7174:
7048:
6993:
6880:
6738:
6675:
6625:
6580:
6328:
6243:
6179:
5701:
5658:
5591:
5373:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
5329:
5272:
5195:
5083:
Stormwater Effects Handbook: A Toolbox for Watershed Managers, Scientists, and Engineers
4752:
4698:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
3430:
hazards, which can increase the likelihood for one to develop cancer or other diseases.
12497:
12080:
11929:
11773:
11656:
11344:
11329:
11259:
11215:
11105:
10691:
10596:
10351:
9962:
9831:
9811:
9704:
9628:
9589:
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9497:
9492:
9310:
9187:
8981:
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8617:
8488:
8415:
8352:
7982:
7947:
7882:
7618:
7491:
7456:
7346:
7286:
7270:
7266:
7068:
7015:
6900:
6758:
6705:
6645:
6420:
6355:
6310:
5726:
5685:
5556:
5512:
5393:
5368:
5349:
5291:
5256:
5215:
5154:
5127:
4897:
4870:
4819:
4794:
4772:
4718:
4693:
4452:
4444:
4278:
4159:
3538:
3494:
3446:
3438:
3340:
3116:. Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic ecosystems and infrastructure.
2375:
2353:
2266:
2181:
2077:
1933:
1917:
1749:
1691:
1687:
1544:
1513:
1143:
1126:
discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and urban runoff including
1028:
789:
665:
427:
209:
149:
119:
50:
8323:
8104:"An Act Providing for a Comprehensive Water Quality Management And For Other Purposes"
7802:
5636:
5600:
5575:
5484:
5455:
5369:"Salt in freshwaters: causes, effects and prospects - introduction to the theme issue"
5203:
12989:
12659:
12654:
12582:
12531:
12305:
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12233:
12204:
12172:
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10780:
10686:
10659:
10506:
10456:
10392:
10346:
10234:
10219:
10002:
9942:
9744:
9517:
9377:
9197:
9106:
9074:
8991:
8944:
8871:
8843:
8612:
8607:
8405:
8281:
8134:"Testing the waters Priorities for mitigating health risks from wastewater pollution"
7987:
7898:
7888:
7859:
7818:
7808:
7783:
7681:
7622:
7610:
7550:
7496:
7350:
7338:
7290:
7278:
7211:
7203:
7186:
7124:
7092:
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7007:
6951:
6941:
6892:
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6750:
6697:
6692:
6637:
6592:
6551:
6541:
6502:
6457:
6424:
6399:
6360:
6342:
6290:
6280:
6255:
6210:
6200:
6117:
6084:
6014:
6004:
5774:
5731:
5713:
5640:
5605:
5548:
5504:
5436:
5398:
5341:
5296:
5219:
5207:
5159:
5091:
5053:
4979:
4969:
4930:
4902:
4791:"Environment Agency (archive) – Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic PBT substances"
4764:
4723:
4674:
4654:
4599:
4555:
3490:
3423:
3361:
3264:
3237:
3138:
3014:
which results from a single source. Nonpoint source pollution generally results from
2888:
2862:
2787:
2783:
2488:
2482:
2428:
2299:
2278:
2227:
2157:
2138:
2117:
1846:
1781:
1230:
1155:
677:
600:
593:
547:
414:
204:
199:
109:
7606:
6904:
6762:
6683:
6649:
6588:
6251:
5353:
4776:
4760:
4670:
2507:. Thermal pollution, unlike chemical pollution, results in a change in the physical
1349:, they are fairly volatile and therefore not usually found in environmental waters).
1201:, and industrial waste products. Another is stressful conditions such as changes of
12824:
12577:
12536:
12348:
12323:
12135:
12065:
11909:
11661:
11651:
11646:
11636:
11621:
11266:
11225:
11208:
11095:
10993:
10525:
10429:
10313:
10139:
9937:
9786:
9678:
9461:
9362:
9320:
9288:
9182:
9136:
9096:
9003:
8971:
8939:
8924:
8908:
8883:
8668:
8622:
8257:
7977:
7967:
7849:
7761:"United States and Ohio Reach Clean Water Act Settlement with City of Toledo, Ohio"
7673:
7602:
7542:
7486:
7476:
7410:
7400:
7330:
7262:
7178:
7052:
7019:
6997:
6932:
Kjellstrom T, Lodh M, McMichael T, Ranmuthugala G, Shrestha R, Kingsland S (2006).
6884:
6742:
6709:
6687:
6679:
6629:
6584:
6492:
6449:
6416:
6350:
6332:
6247:
5804:
5764:
5721:
5705:
5632:
5595:
5560:
5540:
5516:
5496:
5463:
5428:
5388:
5380:
5333:
5286:
5276:
5199:
5149:
5141:
4961:
4892:
4882:
4756:
4713:
4705:
4666:
4591:
4545:
4467:
4356:
4207:
4167:
4069:
3502:
3336:
3304:
3205:
2931:
2800:
2564:
2540:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2177:
2161:
2025:
1876:
1769:
1696:
1539:
1418:
1356:
1273:
1257:
1222:
1174:
937:
834:
774:
660:
613:
562:
522:
497:
482:
464:
439:
379:
264:
214:
75:
8242:
7072:
6746:
6382:
5818:
5432:
4297:
1961:. Human-induced salinization is termed as secondary salinization, with the use of
12885:
12587:
12390:
12383:
12318:
12258:
12140:
12130:
12060:
12033:
11973:
11963:
11914:
11580:
11501:
11431:
11283:
11249:
11135:
11025:
10674:
10640:
10574:
10371:
10356:
10101:
10035:
10025:
9974:
9796:
9325:
9201:
9086:
9040:
8966:
8893:
8813:
8716:
8658:
8513:
8263:
8206:
8188:
8151:"Reducing sewage in rivers and seas is public health priority, says Chris Whitty"
7205:
6918:
5925:
Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines
5255:
Kaushal SS, Likens GE, Pace ML, Utz RM, Haq S, Gorman J, Grese M (January 2018).
5242:
5043:
5006:
4826:
4404:
4290:
4195:
4118:
3947:
2884:
2850:
2808:
2682:
2619:
2339:
2335:
2200:
2085:
2013:
1745:
1717:
1269:
1163:
682:
552:
517:
449:
389:
317:
254:
154:
11476:
7334:
7204:
Donat-P. Häder; E. Walter Helbling; Virginia E. Villafañe (September 30, 2021).
3561:
is widespread. About 90 percent of the water in the cities of China is polluted.
2360:
2207:
are moved from the ground where they were deposited into surface waters. Simple
12572:
12358:
12295:
12280:
12263:
12221:
12023:
11904:
11723:
11718:
11324:
11271:
11181:
11100:
11085:
11080:
11032:
10920:
10716:
10664:
10647:
10481:
10249:
9900:
9866:
9729:
9638:
9372:
9258:
9215:
9209:
9205:
9050:
9035:
8986:
8976:
8888:
8742:
8498:
8469:
7952:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
7869:
5974:
5966:
5261:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4493:
4211:
4155:
4061:
4029:
during storm events can be addressed by timely maintenance and upgrades of the
3931:
3522:
3466:
3458:
3400:
3344:
3225:
3092:
3088:
3065:
3015:
2939:
2876:
2812:
2751:
2725:
2717:
2701:
2473:
2452:
2432:
2407:
2383:
2365:
2319:
2274:
2062:
2058:
1996:
1947:
1838:
1683:
1599:
1547:
of co-occurring pathogens that should take slightly less time to die or degrade
1342:
1294:
1245:
1190:
1159:
1040:
844:
744:
699:
692:
687:
444:
139:
38:
30:"DWEL" redirects here. For the radio station in Ilocos Norte, Philippines, see
8087:
6933:
6847:
6276:
Groundwater: Hydrogeochemistry, Environmental Impacts and Management Practices
6018:
5876:"Microplastics and Micropollutants in Water: Contaminants of Emerging Concern"
5544:
5500:
5337:
4983:
2464:
12973:
12880:
12759:
12567:
12541:
12418:
12378:
12343:
12333:
12313:
12055:
12013:
11988:
11936:
11924:
11919:
11828:
11585:
11446:
11288:
11125:
11015:
10972:
10753:
10630:
10516:
10466:
10330:
10174:
10154:
9791:
9749:
9699:
9623:
9392:
9293:
9079:
9008:
8780:
8528:
8392:
8185:"Minimising sewage in UK waters is a 'public health priority' – Chris Whitty"
8025:"Ch. 5: Description and Performance of Storm Water Best Management Practices"
7863:
7282:
7274:
7190:
6896:
6815:
6506:
6346:
6294:
6103:
5849:
5778:
5717:
5684:
Wilkinson, John L.; Boxall, Alistair B. A.; et al. (February 14, 2022).
5644:
4678:
4438:
4302:
4222:
4142:
4077:
4065:
3563:
3474:
3450:
3381:
3260:
3039:
3003:
2866:
2856:
2643:
2599:
2500:
2492:
2436:
2419:
2387:
2303:
2146:
2142:
2105:
1909:
1550:
1382:
1131:
1087:
1023:
859:
349:
344:
339:
97:
7972:
7915:
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Nashville, TN (2012).
7902:
7822:
7481:
7405:
7388:
6779:. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). October 7, 2020.
6555:
6337:
6214:
5709:
5281:
4274:
3987:
Municipal wastewater can be treated by centralized sewage treatment plants,
3399:
collected from pit latrines is dumped into a river at the Korogocho slum in
3180:
Common physical tests of water include temperature, Specific conductance or
2772:
Industrial processes that use water also produce wastewater. This is called
12900:
12328:
12177:
12167:
12145:
12075:
11968:
11882:
11641:
11570:
11461:
11090:
11048:
10824:
10775:
10711:
10567:
10471:
10238:
10118:
10084:
9876:
9694:
9413:
9387:
9367:
9191:
9154:
9118:
8754:
8701:
8577:
8533:
8518:
8447:
7991:
7685:
7614:
7515:"China says water pollution so severe that cities could lack safe supplies"
7500:
7415:
7064:
7011:
6955:
6754:
6701:
6641:
6596:
6364:
6259:
5735:
5609:
5552:
5508:
5440:
5402:
5384:
5345:
5300:
5211:
5163:
5063:
4906:
4887:
4768:
4727:
4709:
4653:
Schaffner, Monika; Bader, Hans-Peter; Scheidegger, Ruth (August 15, 2009).
4430:
4348:
4337:
4282:
4203:
3256:
3031:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2880:
2872:
2552:
2548:
2520:
2223:
2219:
2208:
2113:
1992:
1913:
1905:
1339:
1277:
1238:
1170:
892:
854:
839:
670:
635:
580:
299:
159:
7854:
7546:
6769:
6453:
4965:
4619:
4550:
4533:
3413:
2942:, but spills may also occur on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of
2378:
a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of
2038:" and lists the most frequently detected and concentrated pharmaceuticals.
12895:
12592:
12290:
12199:
12162:
11186:
11130:
10952:
10930:
10925:
10792:
10669:
10635:
10623:
10511:
10434:
10179:
10149:
10074:
10064:
10030:
9992:
9947:
9689:
9350:
9345:
9030:
9025:
8996:
8961:
8934:
8464:
7161:
Karr JR (1981). "Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities".
6535:
6194:
5622:
5182:
4384:
4376:
3498:
3320:
3296:
2975:
2971:
2927:
2736:
2675:
2631:
2595:
2516:
2496:
2411:
2204:
2156:
Microplastics persist in the environment at high levels, particularly in
1808:
1765:
1761:
1741:
1733:
1370:
1315:
1178:
1119:
1111:
814:
512:
492:
129:
11381:
8203:"Dozens of triathletes left severely ill after swimming in River Thames"
2527:
discharged to surface waters from rooftops, roads, and parking lots—and
2499:. Thermal pollution is the rise or drop in the temperature of a natural
1686:
are examples of pathogens that can be found in wastewater. In practice,
12521:
12243:
11293:
11110:
11068:
11010:
10979:
10618:
10550:
10488:
10461:
10424:
9861:
9714:
9527:
9144:
8459:
8452:
8435:
8420:
7771:
7145:
National Rivers and Streams Assessment 2008–2009: A Collaborative Study
6888:
6609:
6523:. Geneva: Stockholm Convention Secretariat. May 8, 2009. Press release.
6497:
6172:
5769:
5468:
4270:
4215:
4187:
4146:
4134:
4130:
3966:
3897:
View of secondary treatment reactors (activated sludge process) at the
3272:
3245:
3217:
3209:
3130:
and is another form of water pollution from atmospheric contributions.
3100:
3043:
2947:
2804:
2731:
2667:
2627:
2607:
2544:
2524:
2399:
2369:
2311:
2066:
2051:
2000:
1824:
1816:
1757:
1723:
1643:
1491:
1443:
1430:
1393:
1253:
1249:
1151:
1127:
864:
620:
124:
71:
10271:
8166:"Paddling in rivers this summer could make children ill, warns Whitty"
7738:
7677:
6633:
6154:
4007:
would prevent water pollution caused by lack of access to sanitation.
3979:
3332:
2226:
discharge into the seas, and although management of plastic waste and
12619:
12438:
12008:
11889:
11626:
11496:
11456:
11451:
11176:
11058:
10866:
10861:
10839:
10728:
10721:
10540:
10535:
10442:
10419:
10079:
10045:
9871:
9826:
9801:
9739:
9456:
9408:
9382:
9330:
9164:
9126:
8876:
8866:
8538:
8400:
8375:
8169:
7571:
World Water Development Report 2018: Nature-based Solutions for Water
6479:"Freshwater methamphetamine pollution turns brown trout into addicts"
6274:
6182:. Washington, D.C.: EPA. February 2003. Fact Sheet. EPA 841-F-03-003.
6162:"Brayton Point Station Power Plant, Somerset, MA: Final NPDES Permit"
5970:
5751:"Freshwater methamphetamine pollution turns brown trout into addicts"
5145:
5087:
4472:
4226:
3957:
at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells).
3493:, and other nutrient sources are released into the environment. Such
3442:
3377:
3316:
3249:
3241:
3189:
3109:
3084:
3051:
3007:
2979:
2943:
2935:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2859:
such as polyethylene and polypropylene beads, polyester and polyamide
2844:
2836:
2818:
2759:
2709:
2603:
2591:
2528:
2448:
2379:
2185:
1988:
1926:
1820:
1800:
1728:
1679:
1589:
1567:
1374:
1364:
1329:
1226:
1210:
1194:
1186:
1115:
1107:
932:
887:
849:
799:
734:
640:
104:
58:
10282:
8007:"Climate change and land use are accelerating soil erosion by water"
7002:
6977:
6091:. Silver Spring, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4868:
4840:"Endocrine Disruption Found in Fish Exposed to Municipal Wastewater"
3449:
of the ecosystem. Subsequent negative environmental effects such as
2762:
that has been found in drinking water. It appears not to biodegrade.
12485:
12238:
11872:
11842:
11303:
10871:
10797:
10738:
10733:
10681:
10591:
10562:
10555:
10545:
10476:
10450:
10446:
10438:
9647:
9101:
9045:
8706:
8555:
8523:
6931:
4364:
4341:
4194:
Sediment from construction sites can be managed by installation of
4082:
4030:
4015:
3473:
accumulate in a body of water, resulting in an increased growth of
3470:
3365:
3213:
3047:
3023:
2974:) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as
2967:
2959:
2795:
2740:
2639:
2611:
2395:
2307:
2306:
is also a contributing factor by carrying off iron, carbonic acid,
2134:
2009:
1962:
1943:
1922:
1812:
1804:
1740:
The source of high levels of pathogens in water bodies can be from
1639:
1582:
1486:
1479:
1218:
1214:
304:
83:
7102:
5126:
Johnson MS, Buck RC, Cousins IT, Weis CP, Fenton SE (March 2021).
2100:
1985:
environmental effect of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
1977:
Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
37:"Clean water" redirects here. For a water that safe to drink, see
12157:
11565:
11560:
11491:
11436:
11171:
10967:
10962:
10908:
10814:
10743:
10586:
10387:
9062:
8565:
8543:
8430:
8425:
8074:
7916:
4875:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
4424:
4355:
in the 19th century in the country following improvements to the
4352:
4183:
4094:
3396:
3369:
3268:
3233:
3221:
3173:
3069:
2826:
2705:
2512:
2415:
2314:
or dust particles into the ocean. The pollution often comes from
2130:
2028:
but require a fourth treatment stage which not many plants have.
1899:
1872:
1834:
1609:
1517:
1506:
1352:
1325:
1234:
1103:
31:
11797:
8086:
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Trenton, NJ.
7887:. E. Joe Middlebrooks, Ronald W. Crites. New York: McGraw-Hill.
7741:. Washington, DC: District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority
6662:
6056:
2685:(CWA) defines point source for regulatory enforcement purposes (
12452:
11020:
10985:
10809:
10765:
10613:
10411:
9466:
9446:
9340:
9015:
8508:
5924:
5529:
5482:
4360:
4269:
in Australia and the Middle East - such as the installation of
4163:
4138:
3482:
3478:
3373:
3035:
2840:
2832:
2536:
2511:. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a
2491:, sometimes called "thermal enrichment", is the degradation of
2423:
2327:
2323:
2295:
2215:
2133:
into the environment, wind carrying municipal solid waste from
1753:
1657:
1436:
1138:. This form of pollution can lead to many problems. One is the
1123:
942:
922:
829:
819:
527:
7805:
Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse
7780:
Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering: treatment and reuse
5366:
4170:
before disposal by spray or trickle application to grassland.
1543:, may not be pathogenic in and of themselves, but are used as
12614:
11053:
10893:
10819:
10606:
10056:
9997:
9982:
9923:
9476:
9418:
8759:
8691:
8589:
8481:
7868:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
7457:"Phosphorus control is critical to mitigating eutrophication"
4306:
4199:
4178:
4086:
3418:
A study published in 2017 stated that "polluted water spread
3167:
Regulation and monitoring of pollution § Water pollution
3122:
have increased since the 1850s due anthropogenic influences (
2671:
2403:
2391:
2291:
2282:
2270:
2262:
2141:
pollution– large visible items polluting the water– but also
1887:
1880:
1793:
1099:
1095:
952:
897:
289:
8344:
7089:
Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater
6934:"Air and Water Pollution: Burden and Strategies for Control"
5313:
4174:
are sometimes used to facilitate treatment of animal wastes.
3953:
Water pollution requires ongoing evaluation and revision of
3075:
12740:
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
12546:
10998:
10854:
10849:
10829:
10703:
10654:
10498:
9451:
8572:
8560:
8476:
8073:
California Stormwater Quality Association. Menlo Park, CA.
7948:"Effect of deforestation on access to clean drinking water"
7243:"Turbidity, Suspended Sediment and Water Clarity: A Review"
7183:
10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2
6307:
3970:
3386:
3229:
2822:
2791:
2089:
1939:
1605:
1091:
927:
174:
169:
134:
8053:"Low Impact Development and Other Green Design Strategies"
7777:
7653:
7197:
7086:
6533:
5367:
Cañedo-Argüelles M, Kefford B, Schäfer R (December 2018).
5175:
5173:
4398:
Water pollution in the United States § Current regulations
2197:
Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation
10957:
10601:
9987:
8224:
8088:"New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual."
7932:
7724:
7640:
6851:
6833:
6722:
5659:"Pharmaceuticals in rivers threaten world health - study"
5257:"Freshwater salinization syndrome on a continental scale"
5245:
2000. Center for Watershed Protection. Ellicott City, MD.
5023:
5009:
2000. Center for Watershed Protection. Ellicott City, MD.
4913:
4652:
4014:
in sewage. Some plants have additional systems to remove
3433:
2250:
occurs when substances used or spread by humans, such as
9892:
5939:"Half of plastic trash in oceans comes from 5 countries"
5873:
5020:
Report to Congress: Impacts and Control of CSOs and SSOs
4232:
3407:
3108:, but nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by
2690:
United States regulation of point source water pollution
1946:) in runoff from construction sites or sewage, logging,
1305:
7389:"What Is the Nitrogen Cycle and Why Is It Key to Life?"
7363:"Nutrients and Eutrophication | U.S. Geological Survey"
7355:
7313:"Study links pollution to millions of deaths worldwide"
6377:
United States. Clean Water Act (CWA), section 502(14),
6199:(Rev. 2nd ed.). New Delhi: New Age International.
6085:"What is the biggest source of pollution in the ocean?"
5170:
3300:
3197:
1312:
Waterborne diseases § Diseases by type of pathogen
1202:
1177:. Point sources have one identifiable cause, such as a
8075:"Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) Handbooks."
7870:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
7329:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 43–82,
7234:
7032:
5489:
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
5125:
8017:
7763:. EPA. August 28, 2002. Press release. Archived from
5965:
4740:
3934:
and management plans. The infrastructure may include
2825:, grit, metal particles, rubber residues from tires,
1792:
Organic substances that enter water bodies are often
1731:
and other viruses, and parasitic worms including the
1189:. Non-point sources are more diffuse. An example is
7838:"Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal"
5992:
5254:
5075:
5073:
4534:"Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal"
4420:
4101:
3501:
and bacterial growth, resulting in the depletion of
2590:(also called groundwater contamination) occurs when
2191:
Globally, about 4.5 billion people do not have
8004:
7582:
7247:
Journal of the American Water Resources Association
7241:Davies-Colley, R. J.; Smith, D. G. (October 2001).
7091:(21 ed.). American Public Health Association.
6777:"Basic Information about Nonpoint Source Pollution"
6227:
3184:(EC) or conductivity, solids concentrations (e.g.,
3133:
2594:are released to the ground and make their way into
2171:
8249:
8031:
7935:. February 2012. BMP fact sheet. EPA 833-F-11-006.
7917:"Tennessee Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook."
7884:Natural systems for waste management and treatment
7240:
6938:Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries
6822:
6568:
4829:. Planetearth.nerc.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-12-19.
4040:
3960:
2986:
2145:pollution that is not directly visible. The terms
2044:Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants
2018:environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants
1345:(whilst these chemicals can be a pollutant in the
7637:Primer for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems
7530:
7528:
6978:"Oceanography: anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH"
6836:. September 2001. pp. 3–7. EPA 453/R-01-009.
5179:
5070:
12971:
8221:"What's the problem with swimming in the Seine?"
7431:"Cultural eutrophication | ecology | Britannica"
5819:"Development solutions: Building a better ocean"
5686:"Pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers"
5360:
3930:Control of water pollution requires appropriate
3469:is a general term describing a process in which
3360:because it can result in the degradation of all
2567:is a form of water pollution as well. It causes
2153:are used in the context of pollution of oceans.
1895:Inorganic water pollutants include for example:
1244:Control of water pollution requires appropriate
8098:
8096:
8057:National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
8041:(Report). EPA. February 2003. EPA 841-F-03-003.
7931:(Report). Stormwater Best Management Practice.
7778:Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD (2003).
7706:. New York, NY: Manhattan Institute. p. 7.
7461:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
6975:
6830:Frequently Asked Questions About Air Deposition
6316:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5690:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5683:
5037:
5035:
5033:
4583:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
4458:Environmental impact of pesticides § Water
3905:
3899:Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant
3120:Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere
2658:
2642:. Using polluted groundwater causes hazards to
2606:. Groundwater pollution can occur from on-site
2410:from farm fields and pastures, discharges from
2184:refers to contamination by excessive inputs of
1150:when people use polluted water for drinking or
7945:
7525:
5961:
5959:
5874:European Investment Bank (February 27, 2023).
4579:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4509:
3593:
2406:growth. Sources of nutrient pollution include
11813:
11397:
10298:
9908:
9663:
8360:
7207:Anthropogenic Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems
6864:
6166:United States Environmental Protection Agency
6057:Duce, Robert; Galloway, J.; Liss, P. (2009).
5790:
5788:
5573:
5248:
5121:
5119:
5079:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4249:best management practices for water pollution
3579:
3151:Water quality § Sampling and measurement
1965:road salts as the most common form of runoff.
1957:is the process of salty runoff contaminating
1324:Various chemical compounds found in personal
1248:and management plans as well as legislation.
1209:or anoxia, increased temperatures, excessive
1060:
8093:
7835:
7541:(5th ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry.
7150:(Report). EPA. March 2016. EPA 841/R-16/007.
6716:
6656:
6603:
6562:
6196:Water pollution: causes, effects and control
6180:"Protecting Water Quality from Urban Runoff"
5030:
4531:
2646:through poisoning or the spread of disease (
2472:in Massachusetts discharged heated water to
2195:as of 2017, according to an estimate by the
1969:
6537:Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse
5956:
5797:"MDMA Gangs Are Literally Polluting Europe"
4506:
3112:strikes and sulphur dioxide is produced by
3034:areas draining into a river, or wind-borne
2095:
12775:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
11820:
11806:
11404:
11390:
10305:
10291:
9915:
9901:
9670:
9656:
8367:
8353:
8039:Protecting Water Quality from Urban Runoff
7782:(4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Company.
7534:
7327:Creating Healthy and Sustainable Buildings
6443:
6116:. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
5919:
5917:
5794:
5785:
5116:
4568:
4179:Management of erosion and sediment control
3938:, for example sewage treatment plants and
3586:
3572:
3042:affects air quality, from sources such as
2934:, due to human activity, and is a form of
2495:by any process that changes ambient water
2338:, atmospheric pollution and, potentially,
1067:
1053:
65:
12735:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
12725:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
11411:
8139:. Royal Academy of Engineering. May 2024.
7981:
7971:
7853:
7490:
7480:
7454:
7414:
7404:
7114:
7112:
7001:
6976:Caldeira K, Wickett ME (September 2003).
6971:
6969:
6691:
6496:
6354:
6336:
5768:
5725:
5599:
5467:
5392:
5290:
5280:
5153:
4896:
4886:
4717:
4628:Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
4549:
4129:that may be contaminated by chemicals in
3076:Atmospheric contributions (air pollution)
2211:may also get flooded during rain events.
1863:
1595:Reduction of oxygen transfer (detergents)
1363:methods) and synthetic materials such as
5998:
5574:Niemuth NJ, Klaper RD (September 2015).
5418:
4949:
4296:
4240:Urban runoff § Prevention and mitigation
4182:
3978:
3892:
3888:
3391:
3331:
3137:
2750:
2746:
2730:
2574:
2463:
2359:
2099:
1886:
1867:
1392:
12780:Health departments in the United States
9508:Pollutant release and transfer register
8182:
8005:University of Basel (August 24, 2020).
7310:
6789:
6513:
6272:
6109:
6037:Education | National Geographic Society
6001:World seas: an Environmental Evaluation
5914:
5842:
5317:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
5045:Aquatic Pollution: An Introductory Text
4953:Pollution: Causes, effects, and control
4950:Harrison RM (2013). Harrison RM (ed.).
4685:
4634:from the original on September 18, 2021
4596:10.1002/0471238961.1615121205031105.a01
4367:in shallow rivers during warm weather.
4253:Pollution prevention practices include
2735:A polluted river draining an abandoned
2626:(fracking) or from over application of
2558:
2024:. They are not removed in conventional
1833:, such as improperly stored industrial
1815:) and lubricants (motor oil), and fuel
1784:(poorly managed livestock operations).
14:
12972:
12785:Council on Education for Public Health
8114:from the original on 21 September 2016
7657:Environmental Science & Technology
7538:Pollution: Causes, Effects and Control
7118:
7109:
6966:
6613:Environmental Science & Technology
6476:
6410:
5936:
5748:
5133:Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
5012:
4624:Environmental Health Education Program
4166:are usually treated by containment in
4121:agenda for controlling pollution from
3513:
3434:Eutrophication from nitrogen pollution
3192:. Water samples may be examined using
2451:, nitrogen saturation in forests, and
2394:), in which excess nutrients, usually
1169:Sources of water pollution are either
12843:Professional degrees of public health
12750:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
11801:
11385:
10312:
10286:
9896:
9651:
8348:
7807:(4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
7701:"Wasted: How to Fix America's Sewers"
7643:. 2004. p. 11. EPA 832-R-04-001.
7386:
6540:(4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
6411:Scholz M (2016). "Sewage Treatment".
5869:
5867:
5453:
5235:The Practice of Watershed Protection.
4999:The Practice of Watershed Protection.
4277:). Runoff mitigation systems include
4233:Control of urban runoff (storm water)
4154:. Where land is available for ponds,
4072:. Most industrial processes, such as
3917:Best practicable environmental option
3567:
3408:Public health and waterborne diseases
2978:, or the spill of any oily refuse or
2930:into the environment, especially the
2535:Elevated water temperatures decrease
2346:
1306:Contaminants with an origin in sewage
1221:is another. Contaminants may include
12940:
12833:Bachelor of Science in Public Health
11756:
10256:
9852:Shutdown of thermohaline circulation
9677:
9598:
8839:Electromagnetic radiation and health
7946:Mapulanga AM, Naito H (April 2019).
7880:
7698:
7586:The Science of the Total Environment
7160:
7154:
7057:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834
6962:from the original on August 7, 2020.
6667:The Science of the Total Environment
6572:The Science of the Total Environment
6437:
6413:Wetlands for Water Pollution Control
6192:
5041:
4744:The Science of the Total Environment
4691:
4324:management plays a particular role.
3975:Water issues in developing countries
3927:, the impacts of chemical mixtures.
3038:blowing out to sea. Nonpoint source
2459:
2203:: during rain events or floods, the
1787:
1130:. Water pollution may affect either
12952:
12101:Workers' right to access the toilet
11942:Human right to water and sanitation
11780:
9614:
9606:
8697:Radium and radon in the environment
8163:
7137:
5937:Ferris, Robert (January 13, 2016).
5421:Journal of Environmental Management
4540:. Biological Wastewater Treatment.
4480:(water quality indicator for lakes)
4267:Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)
4263:Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS)
2900:per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
2894:Some industrial discharges include
2234:
1854:Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
1280:(including stormwater management).
1154:. Water pollution also reduces the
295:Radium and radon in the environment
24:
9961:
8254:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
7563:
7267:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03624.x
6925:
6840:
6421:10.1016/B978-0-444-63607-2.00003-4
5864:
5811:
5080:Burton Jr GA, Pitt R (2001). "2".
4005:safely managed sanitation services
3356:Water pollution is a major global
3347:, is a common cause of fish kills.
3002:(NPS) pollution refers to diffuse
2302:are more vulnerable to pollution.
25:
13021:
12374:Commercial determinants of health
11827:
8303:
5601:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.060
5204:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127340
4347:After the release of the report,
4327:
4115:Agricultural wastewater treatment
4109:Agricultural wastewater treatment
4102:Agricultural wastewater treatment
4056:describes the processes used for
3944:Agricultural wastewater treatment
3505:in water and causing substantial
3281:Water quality § Sample collection
2298:or the atmosphere, it means that
2222:account for around 16% of global
1991:reasons and the products used by
1950:practices or land clearing sites.
1562:Non-biodegradable organic matter
1413:Possible effect of the pollutant
1377:, often from agricultural runoff.
12951:
12939:
12928:
12927:
11957:National public health institute
11779:
11767:
11755:
11737:
11736:
11475:
11366:
11365:
10266:
10255:
10245:
10244:
10233:
9725:Environmental impact of shipping
9632:
9622:
9613:
9605:
9597:
9585:
9584:
8289:"History of the Clean Water Act"
8271:"Summary of the Clean Water Act"
8237:United States. Clean Water Act.
8231:
8213:
8195:
8176:
8157:
8143:
8126:
8080:
8067:
8045:
7998:
7939:
6868:Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
6279:. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
5843:Resnick B (September 19, 2018).
5026:. August 2004. EPA 833-R-04-001.
4694:"Water pollution by agriculture"
4659:Science of the Total Environment
4484:VOC contamination of groundwater
4463:Human impacts on the environment
4437:
4423:
4410:Clean Water State Revolving Fund
4396:This section is an excerpt from
4390:
4301:Share of water bodies with good
4238:This section is an excerpt from
4190:installed on a construction site
4107:This section is an excerpt from
4046:This section is an excerpt from
3989:decentralized wastewater systems
3537:Water pollution is a problem in
3457:This section is an excerpt from
3445:to an extent that increases the
3313:oxygen reduction potential (ORP)
3279:This section is an excerpt from
3134:Sampling, measurements, analysis
2992:This section is an excerpt from
2912:This section is an excerpt from
2580:This section is an excerpt from
2481:This section is an excerpt from
2352:This section is an excerpt from
2240:This section is an excerpt from
2172:Types of surface water pollution
2104:Solid waste and plastics in the
1975:This section is an excerpt from
1891:Muddy river polluted by sediment
1252:solutions can include improving
1034:
1022:
12354:Open-source healthcare software
12096:Sociology of health and illness
11714:Human impact on the environment
8411:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
8339:Tackling global water pollution
7921:
7909:
7874:
7829:
7796:
7753:
7731:
7710:
7692:
7647:
7629:
7607:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142733
7576:
7507:
7448:
7423:
7380:
7319:
7304:
7101:. Also available on CD-ROM and
7079:
7036:Annual Review of Marine Science
7026:
6911:
6858:
6783:
6684:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.130
6589:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.023
6527:
6484:Journal of Experimental Biology
6470:
6404:
6388:
6371:
6301:
6273:Adelana, Segun Michael (2014).
6266:
6252:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.01.010
6221:
6186:
6130:
6077:
6050:
6025:
5999:Sheppard, Charles, ed. (2019).
5930:
5889:
5836:
5795:De Lorenzo, D (June 18, 2021).
5756:Journal of Experimental Biology
5742:
5616:
5567:
5523:
5476:
5307:
5226:
4990:
4956:(5th ed.). Cambridge, UK:
4943:
4862:
4761:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.391
4671:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.007
4054:Industrial wastewater treatment
4048:Industrial wastewater treatment
4041:Industrial wastewater treatment
3999:and septic tanks. For example,
3961:Sanitation and sewage treatment
3068:from farm fields, pastures and
2987:Pollution from nonpoint sources
2768:Industrial wastewater treatment
2539:levels (due to lower levels of
2290:come from land, either via the
1929:, from sewage and agriculture (
1803:hydrocarbons, including fuels (
1780:(CSOs) during storm events and
1512:Illnesses in new-born infants (
1300:
1262:industrial wastewater treatment
115:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
12715:Caribbean Public Health Agency
12527:Sexually transmitted infection
12424:Statistical hypothesis testing
12185:Occupational safety and health
12086:Sexual and reproductive health
11999:Occupational safety and health
11622:Public transport encouragement
7311:Kelland K (October 19, 2017).
7210:. Springer Nature. p. 1.
6726:Journal of Hazardous Materials
4832:
4813:
4783:
4734:
4646:
4612:
4318:
4313:
3477:that may deplete the water of
3059:
2519:and industrial manufacturers.
2137:and so forth. This results in
1649:Toxicity to plants (some ions)
1410:Main representative parameter
1402:Pollutants and their effects*
1241:and industrial manufacturers.
1229:substances. A common cause of
984:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
13:
1:
12369:Social determinants of health
10135:Extraterrestrial liquid water
8899:Electrical resistance heating
8374:
7699:Renn AM (February 25, 2016).
6747:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.081
6110:Walters, Arlene, ed. (2016).
5637:10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00112-X
5433:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.049
5048:(4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ:
4532:Von Sperling, Marcos (2007).
4499:
3548:
3532:
3351:
3228:), metals (including copper,
3124:emissions of greenhouse gases
2906:
2896:persistent organic pollutants
2803:matter and nutrients such as
2551:, and foster invasion by new
2364:Nutrient pollution caused by
2022:persistent organic pollutants
1858:persistent organic pollutants
1455:Biodegradable organic matter
1283:
1199:persistent organic pollutants
455:Electrical resistance heating
27:Contamination of water bodies
12429:Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
12190:Human factors and ergonomics
10331:Pollution / quality
8551:Persistent organic pollutant
8329:Resources in other libraries
8260:. Approved October 18, 1972.
7121:Chemistry of the Environment
6940:(2nd ed.). World Bank.
4344:, such as rivers and lakes.
4334:Royal Academy of Engineering
4255:low impact development (LID)
3906:Pollution control philosophy
3145:preparing water autosamplers
2869:and industrial manufacturers
2756:Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
2664:Point source water pollution
2659:Pollution from point sources
2563:The introduction of aquatic
2547:composition, reduce species
2046:, which can include various
2036:pharmaceutical manufacturing
2020:(EPPPs) and are one type of
1772:without disinfection steps,
1673:
165:Persistent organic pollutant
7:
12610:Good manufacturing practice
12414:Randomized controlled trial
11612:Natural resource management
9735:Fish diseases and parasites
9561:Least polluted cities by PM
8059:. EPA. 2014. Archived from
7727:. March 2014. 832-R-14-001.
7335:10.1007/978-3-030-19412-3_2
6444:Nesaratnam ST, ed. (2014).
6089:National Ocean Service (US)
4416:
3936:wastewater treatment plants
3255:The use of a biomonitor or
3159:Analysis of water chemistry
2923:is the release of a liquid
2807:: Certain industries (e.g.
2616:wastewater treatment plants
2470:Brayton Point Power Station
2382:. It is a primary cause of
1619:Inorganic dissolved solids
10:
13026:
12680:Theory of planned behavior
12605:Good agricultural practice
12510:Public health surveillance
12402:epidemiological statistics
12046:Public health intervention
9503:Pollution haven hypothesis
9426:Brain health and pollution
8664:Ecological light pollution
8494:Internal combustion engine
8341:– UN Environment Programme
7881:Reed, Sherwood C. (1988).
4958:Royal Society of Chemistry
4925:(third ed.). Geneva:
4580:Eckenfelder Jr WW (2000).
4489:Water resources management
4395:
4237:
4106:
4091:volatile organic compounds
4045:
3964:
3594:Water pollution by country
3456:
3414:WASH § Health aspects
3411:
3327:
3278:
3148:
3087:is caused by emissions of
2991:
2964:refined petroleum products
2911:
2765:
2579:
2480:
2351:
2239:
2180:which affects the oceans.
2111:
1974:
1902:from food processing waste
1837:. Problematic species are
1831:Volatile organic compounds
1347:water distribution network
1309:
1183:wastewater treatment plant
1086:) is the contamination of
36:
29:
13000:Water and the environment
12923:
12858:
12817:
12802:World Toilet Organization
12797:World Health Organization
12704:
12693:
12630:
12555:
12471:
12399:
12364:Public health informatics
12304:
12109:
12071:Right to rest and leisure
11900:Globalization and disease
11835:
11732:
11706:
11670:
11594:
11524:Environmental engineering
11484:
11473:
11419:
11361:
11302:
11167:
11160:
11041:
10902:Types / location
10901:
10892:
10702:
10497:
10410:
10380:
10329:
10320:
10228:
10195:
10127:
10054:
10013:
9973:
9959:
9930:
9922:
9807:Nonpoint source pollution
9685:
9582:
9536:
9485:
9434:
9401:
9306:Nonpoint source pollution
9234:
9226:War and environmental law
9173:
9135:
9117:
8917:
8852:
8789:
8715:
8684:
8649:
8633:
8598:
8585:Volatile organic compound
8391:
8382:
8324:Resources in your library
7842:Water Intelligence Online
7836:Von Sperling, M. (2007).
7455:Carpenter, S. R. (2008).
7393:Frontiers for Young Minds
7387:Aczel, Miriam R. (2019).
6693:10067/1345920151162165141
6394:U.S. CWA section 402(p),
6231:Marine Pollution Bulletin
5545:10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y
5501:10.1007/s00244-015-0227-7
5338:10.1007/s10661-018-6802-4
4927:World Health Organization
4538:Water Intelligence Online
4085:or into rivers, lakes or
4001:waste stabilization ponds
3925:life-cycle considerations
3913:Best available technology
3599:
3507:environmental degradation
3420:gastrointestinal diseases
3240:), oil and grease, total
2994:Nonpoint source pollution
2695:
2618:, leaking sewers, petrol
2193:safely managed sanitation
2114:Sewage § Solid waste
1970:Pharmaceutical pollutants
1706:Burkholderia pseudomallei
1666:
1233:is the use of water as a
710:War and environmental law
330:Health effects from noise
180:Volatile organic compound
12848:Schools of public health
12640:Diffusion of innovations
12339:Health impact assessment
12051:Public health laboratory
11947:Management of depression
11607:Environmental technology
11556:Environmental toxicology
11551:Environmental statistics
11546:Environmental humanities
9842:Plastic pellet pollution
8765:Marine mammals and sonar
8676:Radio spectrum pollution
5823:European Investment Bank
5005:January 8, 2013, at the
4692:Moss B (February 2008).
4021:greenhouse gas emissions
3997:onsite sewage facilities
3555:water pollution in India
3155:Environmental monitoring
3143:Environmental scientists
2726:combined sewer overflows
2722:sanitary sewer overflows
2655:purity of those waters.
2614:leachate, effluent from
2151:marine plastic pollution
2122:Marine plastic pollution
2096:Solid waste and plastics
1914:urban storm water runoff
1843:polychlorinated biphenyl
1778:combined sewer overflows
1774:sanitary sewer overflows
1524:Pollution of groundwater
1459:Biological oxygen demand
1336:Disinfection by-products
335:Marine mammals and sonar
12911:Social hygiene movement
12838:Doctor of Public Health
12670:Social cognitive theory
12472:Infectious and epidemic
12254:Fecal–oral transmission
11519:Environmental economics
11442:Environmental chemistry
9710:Cultural eutrophication
9611:WikiProject Environment
9569:Most polluted countries
9513:Polluter pays principle
9244:Agricultural wastewater
7973:10.1073/pnas.1814970116
7482:10.1073/pnas.0806112105
7406:10.3389/frym.2019.00041
6798:Nova Science Publishers
6790:Walters A, ed. (2016).
6446:Water Pollution Control
6338:10.1073/pnas.2024492118
5969:; Samborska, Veronika;
5710:10.1073/pnas.2113947119
5282:10.1073/pnas.1711234115
5241:March 12, 2012, at the
4825:April 27, 2015, at the
4093:) or nutrients such as
4070:sewage treatment plants
3529:) from the atmosphere.
3095:, which react with the
2962:, as well as spills of
2082:wastewater epidemiology
2026:sewage treatment plants
1955:Freshwater salinization
1770:sewage treatment plants
1642:– harm to plantations (
1448:Protection of pathogens
1359:and residue from human
1316:Sewage § Pathogens
1217:). The introduction of
1146:. Another is spreading
810:Freshwater salinization
730:Agricultural wastewater
12906:Germ theory of disease
12685:Transtheoretical model
11576:Sustainability science
10145:Planetary oceanography
9967:
9847:Point source pollution
9629:Environment portal
8862:Agricultural pollution
8293:Laws & Regulations
8275:Laws & Regulations
8183:Speare-Cole, Rebecca.
7739:"Clean Rivers Project"
6921:. EPA. April 24, 2022.
6919:"Effects of Acid Rain"
5923:WHO and UNICEF (2017)
5385:10.1098/rstb.2018.0002
4888:10.3390/ijerph20021054
4747:. 637–638: 1607–1616.
4710:10.1098/rstb.2007.2176
4310:
4293:, and similar devices.
4261:techniques - known as
4191:
3993:nature-based solutions
3984:
3902:
3404:
3348:
3271:and other small water
3202:chemical oxygen demand
3186:total suspended solids
3182:electrical conductance
3163:Water sampling station
3146:
3020:atmospheric deposition
3012:point source pollution
2763:
2743:
2477:
2373:
2231:continue to increase.
2109:
1892:
1884:
1864:Inorganic contaminants
1712:Cryptosporidium parvum
1625:Total dissolved solids
1501:Excessive algae growth
1424:Total suspended solids
1398:
1361:hormonal contraception
1029:Environment portal
12995:Environmental science
12790:Public Health Service
12675:Social norms approach
12665:PRECEDE–PROCEED model
12111:Preventive healthcare
12004:Pharmaceutical policy
11853:Chief Medical Officer
11541:Environmental studies
11413:Environmental science
9965:
9284:Industrial wastewater
9150:Clutter (advertising)
9058:Municipal solid waste
8904:Soil guideline values
8748:Sustainable transport
8641:Information pollution
8441:Open burning of waste
8295:. EPA. June 12, 2024.
8277:. EPA. June 12, 2024.
8063:on February 19, 2015.
7855:10.2166/9781780402086
7573:, Geneva, Switzerland
7547:10.1039/9781782626527
6454:10.1002/9781118863831
6150:on February 19, 2013.
5050:John Wiley & Sons
4966:10.1039/9781782626527
4588:John Wiley & Sons
4551:10.2166/9781780402086
4300:
4186:
4152:industrial wastewater
3982:
3965:Further information:
3955:water resource policy
3940:industrial wastewater
3896:
3889:Control and reduction
3487:industrial wastewater
3412:Further information:
3395:
3389:of some fish species.
3358:environmental problem
3335:
3261:biological monitoring
3149:Further information:
3141:
2774:industrial wastewater
2766:Further information:
2754:
2747:Industrial wastewater
2734:
2588:Groundwater pollution
2582:Groundwater pollution
2575:Groundwater pollution
2467:
2422:from combustion. Raw
2363:
2318:such as agricultural
2287:marine transportation
2112:Further information:
2103:
1959:freshwater ecosystems
1890:
1871:
1782:intensive agriculture
1396:
1310:Further information:
770:Industrial wastewater
538:Municipal solid waste
460:Soil guideline values
12866:Sara Josephine Baker
12765:Public Health Agency
12650:Health communication
12515:Disease surveillance
12481:Asymptomatic carrier
12463:Statistical software
12151:Preventive nutrition
11979:Medical anthropology
11868:Environmental health
11529:Environmental health
11514:Environmental design
11509:Ecological economics
11277:remnant natural area
10914:storage and recovery
10580:habitat conservation
10398:Deforestation (REDD)
10208:Ocean stratification
10041:Doubly labeled water
9857:Silver nanoparticles
9556:Most polluted cities
9249:Biological pollution
9160:Overhead power lines
7767:on January 13, 2016.
6848:"What is Acid Rain?"
6168:(EPA). May 21, 2021.
6065:on December 18, 2023
5460:NOAA Central Library
4844:US Geological Survey
4287:constructed wetlands
4259:green infrastructure
4172:Constructed wetlands
4125:operations and from
4074:petroleum refineries
4035:green infrastructure
3539:developing countries
3447:primary productivity
3428:environmental health
3424:parasitic infections
3244:hydrocarbons (TPH),
3194:analytical chemistry
2714:pharmaceutical drugs
2648:water-borne diseases
2624:hydraulic fracturing
2569:biological pollution
2559:Biological pollution
2441:harmful algal blooms
2048:pharmaceutical drugs
1557:Waterborne diseases
1338:found in chemically
1266:wastewater treatment
1219:pathogenic organisms
1148:water-borne diseases
979:Most polluted cities
631:Overhead power lines
88:Calexico, California
12876:Carl Rogers Darnall
12871:Samuel Jay Crumbine
12645:Health belief model
12498:Notifiable diseases
12434:Regression analysis
12269:Waterborne diseases
11858:Cultural competence
11698:Environment by year
11688:Research institutes
11602:Energy conservation
11427:Atmospheric science
11231:Earth Overshoot Day
10805:Marine conservation
10786:non-timber products
10213:Lake stratification
10196:Physical parameters
9822:Ocean deoxygenation
9817:Ocean acidification
9619:WikiProject Ecology
9316:Ocean acidification
9221:Unexploded ordnance
9092:Post-consumer waste
8952:Foam food container
8930:Biodegradable waste
8504:Global distillation
8108:The LawPhil Project
7964:2019PNAS..116.8249M
7670:2007EnST...41.5085J
7599:2021ScTEn.76542733W
7473:2008PNAS..10511039C
7467:(32): 11039–11040.
7259:2001JAWRA..37.1085D
7175:1981Fish....6f..21K
7123:. Checkmark Books.
7049:2009ARMS....1..169D
6994:2001AGUFMOS11C0385C
6881:1990JAtC...10...83S
6739:2019JHzM..367..504G
6676:2016ScTEn.563..633G
6670:. 563–564: 633–40.
6626:2013EnST...47.1824B
6581:2015ScTEn.524...81A
6329:2021PNAS..11824492H
6323:(20): e2024492118.
6244:2007MarPB..55..379O
5975:"Plastic Pollution"
5702:2022PNAS..11913947W
5665:. February 15, 2022
5592:2015Chmsp.135...38N
5330:2018EMnAs.190..523E
5273:2018PNAS..115E.574K
5196:2020Chmsp.25827340S
5090:/Lewis Publishers.
4850:on October 15, 2011
4753:2018ScTEn.637.1607A
4478:Trophic state index
4381:2024 Paris Olympics
4373:open water swimming
4279:infiltration basins
4160:facultative lagoons
4058:treating wastewater
3543:developed countries
3519:Ocean acidification
3514:Ocean acidification
3128:ocean acidification
2758:(PFOS) is a global
2509:properties of water
2390:(lakes, rivers and
2376:Nutrient pollution,
2372:during a rain storm
2310:, silicon, sulfur,
2300:continental shelves
2012:, persistence, and
1849:, a common solvent.
1692:bacterial indicator
1688:indicator organisms
1678:Bacteria, viruses,
1537:Coliforms, such as
1403:
1191:agricultural runoff
795:Ocean acidification
705:Unexploded ordnance
626:Advertising clutter
558:Post-consumer waste
503:Foam food container
488:Biodegradable waste
145:Global distillation
12474:disease prevention
12409:Case–control study
12081:Security of person
11930:Health care reform
11774:Environment portal
11657:Water purification
11216:Ecosystem services
10339:Ambient standards
10160:List of Candidates
10021:Deuterium-depleted
9968:
9812:Nutrient pollution
9705:Aquatic toxicology
9639:Ecology portal
9523:Waste minimisation
9498:Industrial ecology
9493:Cleaner production
9311:Nutrient pollution
9188:Herbicidal warfare
8982:Construction waste
8618:Introduced species
8489:Indoor air quality
8416:Chlorofluorocarbon
7435:www.britannica.com
6889:10.1007/BF01980039
6575:. 524–525: 81–92.
6498:10.1242/jeb.242971
6415:. pp. 13–15.
6033:"Marine Pollution"
5770:10.1242/jeb.242971
5625:Aquatic Toxicology
5469:10.25923/hhrp-xq11
4795:Environment Agency
4544:. IWA Publishing.
4453:Aquatic toxicology
4445:Environment portal
4311:
4309:, Indicator 6.3.2.
4221:Erosion caused by
4192:
3985:
3942:treatment plants.
3903:
3668:Dominican Republic
3495:nutrient pollution
3439:Nitrogen pollution
3405:
3362:aquatic ecosystems
3349:
3341:nitrogen pollution
3147:
3114:volcanic eruptions
2952:offshore platforms
2821:particles such as
2764:
2744:
2565:invasive organisms
2478:
2374:
2354:Nutrient pollution
2347:Nutrient pollution
2279:invasive organisms
2182:Nutrient pollution
2110:
2071:contraceptive pill
1934:nutrient pollution
1918:acid mine drainage
1893:
1885:
1514:blue baby syndrome
1505:Toxicity to fish (
1466:Oxygen consumption
1401:
1399:
1156:ecosystem services
1144:aquatic ecosystems
1041:Ecology portal
666:Herbicidal warfare
210:Introduced species
150:Indoor air quality
120:Chlorofluorocarbon
82:as it passes from
12967:
12966:
12919:
12918:
12829:Higher education
12660:Positive deviance
12655:Health psychology
12631:Health behavioral
12558:safety management
12532:Social distancing
12306:Population health
12286:Smoking cessation
12234:Pharmacovigilance
12205:Injury prevention
12173:Infection control
12091:Social psychology
12041:Prisoners' rights
11984:Medical sociology
11952:Public health law
11848:Biological hazard
11795:
11794:
11617:Pollution control
11379:
11378:
11357:
11356:
11156:
11155:
10835:genetic resources
10771:genetic resources
10406:
10405:
10314:Natural resources
10280:
10279:
10220:Ocean temperature
9890:
9889:
9745:Friendly Floatees
9645:
9644:
9518:Pollution control
9198:Nuclear holocaust
9107:Thermal treatment
9075:Plastic pollution
8992:Mercury poisoning
8945:Battery recycling
8844:Radioactive waste
8613:Genetic pollution
8608:Biological hazard
8406:Air quality index
8310:Library resources
7958:(17): 8249–8254.
7678:10.1021/es0628248
7664:(14): 5085–5089.
7556:978-1-84973-648-0
7343:978-3-030-19411-6
7217:978-3-030-75602-4
7130:978-0-8160-7747-2
7119:Newton D (2008).
7098:978-0-87553-047-5
7085:For example, see
6947:978-0-8213-6179-5
6807:978-1-63485-188-6
6796:. Hauppauge, NY:
6634:10.1021/es304369b
6491:(13): jeb242971.
6477:Knight K (2021).
6463:978-1-118-86383-1
6430:978-0-444-63607-2
6286:978-1-63321-791-1
6123:978-1-63485-188-6
6010:978-0-12-805204-4
5979:Our World in Data
5901:www.eea.europa.eu
5763:(13): jeb242971.
5749:Knight K (2021).
5059:978-1-119-30450-0
4975:978-1-78262-560-5
4801:on August 4, 2006
4704:(1491): 659–666.
4665:(17): 4902–4915.
4630:. July 23, 2013.
4626:. Cambridge, MA:
4620:"Water Pollution"
4605:978-0-471-48494-3
4561:978-1-78040-208-6
4208:sediment controls
4168:anaerobic lagoons
3885:
3884:
3491:fertilizer runoff
3339:, resulting from
3265:aquatic ecosystem
3126:). This leads to
3050:. Although these
3018:, precipitation,
2889:radioactive waste
2887:, or disposal of
2863:Thermal pollution
2489:Thermal pollution
2483:Thermal pollution
2460:Thermal pollution
2429:reactive nitrogen
2162:marine ecosystems
2118:Plastic pollution
1847:trichloroethylene
1819:byproducts, from
1811:, jet fuels, and
1788:Organic compounds
1671:
1670:
1654:soil permeability
1472:Septic conditions
1231:thermal pollution
1175:non-point sources
1084:aquatic pollution
1077:
1076:
1012:
1011:
678:Nuclear holocaust
601:Urban heat island
415:Radioactive waste
200:Biological hazard
110:Air quality index
16:(Redirected from
13017:
12955:
12954:
12943:
12942:
12931:
12930:
12825:Health education
12702:
12701:
12556:Food hygiene and
12537:Tropical disease
12349:Infant mortality
12324:Community health
12200:Controlled Drugs
12136:Health promotion
12066:Right to housing
11910:Health economics
11822:
11815:
11808:
11799:
11798:
11783:
11782:
11771:
11759:
11758:
11740:
11739:
11662:Waste management
11652:Urban metabolism
11647:Sewage treatment
11637:Renewable energy
11479:
11406:
11399:
11392:
11383:
11382:
11369:
11368:
11320:
11267:Natural heritage
11226:overexploitation
11165:
11164:
10899:
10898:
10845:herbal medicines
10825:FAO Plant Treaty
10365:
10342:
10327:
10326:
10307:
10300:
10293:
10284:
10283:
10270:
10259:
10258:
10248:
10247:
10237:
10140:Asteroidal water
10128:Extraterrestrial
9917:
9910:
9903:
9894:
9893:
9787:Invasive species
9679:Marine pollution
9672:
9665:
9658:
9649:
9648:
9637:
9636:
9635:
9627:
9626:
9617:
9616:
9609:
9608:
9601:
9600:
9588:
9587:
9462:Legacy pollution
9321:Oil exploitation
9183:Chemical warfare
9097:Waste management
9004:Industrial waste
8972:Biomedical waste
8940:Electronic waste
8925:Advertising mail
8909:Phytoremediation
8884:Land degradation
8669:Overillumination
8623:Invasive species
8369:
8362:
8355:
8346:
8345:
8297:
8296:
8285:
8279:
8278:
8267:
8261:
8255:
8251:
8235:
8229:
8228:
8217:
8211:
8210:
8199:
8193:
8192:
8180:
8174:
8173:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8147:
8141:
8140:
8138:
8130:
8124:
8123:
8121:
8119:
8100:
8091:
8084:
8078:
8071:
8065:
8064:
8049:
8043:
8042:
8035:
8029:
8028:
8021:
8015:
8014:
8002:
7996:
7995:
7985:
7975:
7943:
7937:
7936:
7929:Concrete Washout
7925:
7919:
7913:
7907:
7906:
7878:
7872:
7867:
7857:
7833:
7827:
7826:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7775:
7769:
7768:
7757:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7746:
7735:
7729:
7728:
7722:
7714:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7651:
7645:
7644:
7633:
7627:
7626:
7580:
7574:
7569:UN-Water (2018)
7567:
7561:
7560:
7532:
7523:
7522:
7511:
7505:
7504:
7494:
7484:
7452:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7427:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7408:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7373:
7359:
7353:
7323:
7317:
7316:
7308:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7297:
7253:(5): 1085–1101.
7238:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7224:
7201:
7195:
7194:
7158:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7116:
7107:
7106:
7105:by subscription.
7083:
7077:
7076:
7030:
7024:
7023:
7005:
6973:
6964:
6963:
6929:
6923:
6922:
6915:
6909:
6908:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6854:. June 24, 2022.
6844:
6838:
6837:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6787:
6781:
6780:
6773:
6767:
6766:
6720:
6714:
6713:
6695:
6660:
6654:
6653:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6531:
6525:
6524:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6500:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6408:
6402:
6392:
6386:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6358:
6340:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6270:
6264:
6263:
6238:(7–9): 379–394.
6225:
6219:
6218:
6193:Goel PK (2006).
6190:
6184:
6183:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6142:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6081:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6061:. Archived from
6054:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6029:
6023:
6022:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5963:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5934:
5928:
5921:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5893:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5871:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5805:Vice Media Group
5803:. Brooklyn, NY:
5792:
5783:
5782:
5772:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5729:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5603:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5454:Shinn H (2019).
5451:
5445:
5444:
5416:
5407:
5406:
5396:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5294:
5284:
5267:(4): E574–E583.
5252:
5246:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5177:
5168:
5167:
5157:
5146:10.1002/etc.4784
5123:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5100:. Archived from
5077:
5068:
5067:
5042:Laws EA (2018).
5039:
5028:
5027:
5016:
5010:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4909:. Art. No. 1054.
4900:
4890:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4846:. Archived from
4836:
4830:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4797:. Archived from
4787:
4781:
4780:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4721:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4577:
4566:
4565:
4553:
4529:
4468:Phytoremediation
4447:
4442:
4441:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4357:sewage treatment
4291:retention basins
4196:erosion controls
3588:
3581:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3503:dissolved oxygen
3337:Oxygen depletion
3305:dissolved oxygen
3259:is described as
3220:compounds, e.g.
3206:dissolved oxygen
2932:marine ecosystem
2885:nuclear reactors
2620:filling stations
2541:dissolved oxygen
2316:nonpoint sources
2248:Marine pollution
2242:Marine pollution
2235:Marine pollution
2178:marine pollution
1877:industrial waste
1697:Escherichia coli
1600:biodegradability
1419:Suspended solids
1404:
1400:
1357:animal husbandry
1274:sediment control
1258:sewage treatment
1213:, or changes of
1162:provided by the
1069:
1062:
1055:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1026:
958:
957:
661:Chemical warfare
563:Waste management
523:Industrial waste
498:Electronic waste
483:Advertising mail
465:Phytoremediation
440:Land degradation
380:Depleted uranium
265:Overillumination
215:Invasive species
76:industrial waste
69:
46:
45:
21:
13025:
13024:
13020:
13019:
13018:
13016:
13015:
13014:
12985:Aquatic ecology
12980:Water pollution
12970:
12969:
12968:
12963:
12915:
12886:Margaret Sanger
12854:
12813:
12697:
12695:
12689:
12632:
12626:
12598:Safety scandals
12557:
12551:
12473:
12467:
12401:
12395:
12391:Social medicine
12384:Race and health
12319:Child mortality
12300:
12259:Open defecation
12141:Human nutrition
12131:Family planning
12119:Behavior change
12105:
12061:Right to health
11974:Maternal health
11964:Health politics
11915:Health literacy
11831:
11826:
11796:
11791:
11728:
11702:
11666:
11590:
11581:Systems ecology
11480:
11471:
11432:Biogeochemistry
11415:
11410:
11380:
11375:
11353:
11318:
11298:
11284:Systems ecology
11250:Natural capital
11152:
11037:
11026:reclaimed water
10888:
10850:UPOV Convention
10698:
10493:
10402:
10376:
10372:Ozone depletion
10363:
10340:
10316:
10311:
10281:
10276:
10224:
10191:
10123:
10050:
10009:
9969:
9957:
9926:
9921:
9891:
9886:
9882:Water pollution
9797:Mercury in fish
9681:
9676:
9646:
9641:
9633:
9631:
9621:
9578:
9564:
9532:
9481:
9430:
9397:
9336:Pharmaceuticals
9326:Oil exploration
9230:
9202:Nuclear fallout
9169:
9131:
9113:
9087:Packaging waste
9041:Deep sea mining
8967:Hazardous waste
8913:
8894:Open defecation
8848:
8814:Nuclear fallout
8809:Nuclear fission
8785:
8711:
8680:
8651:Electromagnetic
8645:
8629:
8594:
8514:Ozone depletion
8387:
8378:
8373:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8318:
8317:
8315:Water pollution
8313:
8306:
8301:
8300:
8287:
8286:
8282:
8269:
8268:
8264:
8253:
8236:
8232:
8219:
8218:
8214:
8207:The Independent
8201:
8200:
8196:
8189:The Independent
8181:
8177:
8164:Blakely, Rhys.
8162:
8158:
8153:. The Guardian.
8149:
8148:
8144:
8136:
8132:
8131:
8127:
8117:
8115:
8102:
8101:
8094:
8085:
8081:
8072:
8068:
8051:
8050:
8046:
8037:
8036:
8032:
8023:
8022:
8018:
8003:
7999:
7944:
7940:
7927:
7926:
7922:
7914:
7910:
7895:
7879:
7875:
7834:
7830:
7815:
7801:
7797:
7790:
7776:
7772:
7759:
7758:
7754:
7744:
7742:
7737:
7736:
7732:
7720:
7716:
7715:
7711:
7703:
7697:
7693:
7652:
7648:
7635:
7634:
7630:
7581:
7577:
7568:
7564:
7557:
7533:
7526:
7521:. June 7, 2005.
7513:
7512:
7508:
7453:
7449:
7439:
7437:
7429:
7428:
7424:
7385:
7381:
7371:
7369:
7361:
7360:
7356:
7324:
7320:
7309:
7305:
7295:
7293:
7239:
7235:
7222:
7220:
7218:
7202:
7198:
7159:
7155:
7147:
7143:
7142:
7138:
7131:
7117:
7110:
7099:
7084:
7080:
7031:
7027:
7003:10.1038/425365a
6974:
6967:
6948:
6930:
6926:
6917:
6916:
6912:
6863:
6859:
6846:
6845:
6841:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6808:
6788:
6784:
6775:
6774:
6770:
6721:
6717:
6661:
6657:
6608:
6604:
6567:
6563:
6548:
6532:
6528:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6475:
6471:
6464:
6442:
6438:
6431:
6409:
6405:
6393:
6389:
6376:
6372:
6306:
6302:
6287:
6271:
6267:
6226:
6222:
6207:
6191:
6187:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6147:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6124:
6108:
6104:
6094:
6092:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6068:
6066:
6055:
6051:
6041:
6039:
6031:
6030:
6026:
6011:
5997:
5993:
5983:
5981:
5967:Ritchie, Hannah
5964:
5957:
5947:
5945:
5935:
5931:
5922:
5915:
5905:
5903:
5895:
5894:
5890:
5880:
5878:
5872:
5865:
5855:
5853:
5841:
5837:
5827:
5825:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5801:Vice World News
5793:
5786:
5747:
5743:
5682:
5678:
5668:
5666:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5621:
5617:
5572:
5568:
5528:
5524:
5481:
5477:
5452:
5448:
5417:
5410:
5365:
5361:
5312:
5308:
5253:
5249:
5243:Wayback Machine
5231:
5227:
5178:
5171:
5124:
5117:
5107:
5105:
5104:on May 19, 2009
5098:
5078:
5071:
5060:
5040:
5031:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5007:Wayback Machine
4995:
4991:
4976:
4948:
4944:
4937:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4867:
4863:
4853:
4851:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4827:Wayback Machine
4818:
4814:
4804:
4802:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4739:
4735:
4690:
4686:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4578:
4569:
4562:
4530:
4507:
4502:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4405:Clean Water Act
4401:
4393:
4330:
4321:
4316:
4295:
4294:
4275:roadway deicers
4265:in the UK, and
4243:
4235:
4225:and changes in
4212:sediment basins
4181:
4176:
4175:
4156:settling basins
4123:confined animal
4119:farm management
4112:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4076:, chemical and
4051:
4043:
4031:sewerage system
4027:Sewer overflows
3977:
3963:
3948:erosion control
3946:for farms, and
3908:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3595:
3592:
3551:
3535:
3528:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3497:usually causes
3462:
3436:
3416:
3410:
3354:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3284:
3226:orthophosphates
3169:
3136:
3097:water molecules
3078:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3000:Nonpoint source
2997:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2917:
2909:
2851:Pharmaceuticals
2809:food processing
2770:
2749:
2698:
2683:Clean Water Act
2661:
2652:
2651:
2585:
2577:
2561:
2533:
2532:
2505:human influence
2486:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2357:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2340:deep sea mining
2336:bilge pollution
2245:
2237:
2201:open defecation
2174:
2124:
2098:
2086:methamphetamine
2084:), for example
2076:Metabolites of
2040:
2039:
2014:bioaccumulation
1980:
1972:
1873:Bauxite residue
1866:
1839:organochlorides
1790:
1746:open defecation
1718:Giardia lamblia
1684:parasitic worms
1676:
1572:Some detergents
1380:Pathogens like
1318:
1308:
1303:
1286:
1276:and control of
1270:erosion control
1264:, agricultural
1080:Water pollution
1073:
1035:
1033:
1021:
1014:
1013:
913:
905:
904:
878:
870:
869:
805:Pharmaceuticals
785:Nonpoint source
725:
715:
714:
683:Nuclear fallout
656:
646:
645:
616:
606:
605:
596:
586:
585:
576:
568:
567:
553:Packaging waste
518:Hazardous waste
478:
470:
469:
430:
420:
419:
390:Nuclear fallout
385:Nuclear fission
365:
355:
354:
320:
310:
309:
285:
277:
276:
250:
248:Electromagnetic
240:
239:
230:
222:
221:
195:
185:
184:
155:Ozone depletion
100:
90:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Water pollutant
15:
12:
11:
5:
13023:
13013:
13012:
13007:
13002:
12997:
12992:
12987:
12982:
12965:
12964:
12962:
12961:
12949:
12937:
12924:
12921:
12920:
12917:
12916:
12914:
12913:
12908:
12903:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12873:
12868:
12862:
12860:
12856:
12855:
12853:
12852:
12851:
12850:
12845:
12840:
12835:
12827:
12821:
12819:
12815:
12814:
12812:
12811:
12804:
12799:
12794:
12793:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12769:
12768:
12767:
12762:
12754:
12753:
12752:
12744:
12743:
12742:
12737:
12729:
12728:
12727:
12719:
12718:
12717:
12708:
12706:
12699:
12694:Organizations,
12691:
12690:
12688:
12687:
12682:
12677:
12672:
12667:
12662:
12657:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12636:
12634:
12628:
12627:
12625:
12624:
12623:
12622:
12617:
12607:
12602:
12601:
12600:
12595:
12590:
12585:
12580:
12575:
12570:
12561:
12559:
12553:
12552:
12550:
12549:
12544:
12539:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12519:
12518:
12517:
12507:
12506:
12505:
12495:
12494:
12493:
12483:
12477:
12475:
12469:
12468:
12466:
12465:
12460:
12459:
12458:
12450:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12421:
12416:
12411:
12405:
12403:
12400:Biological and
12397:
12396:
12394:
12393:
12388:
12387:
12386:
12381:
12376:
12366:
12361:
12359:Multimorbidity
12356:
12351:
12346:
12341:
12336:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12316:
12310:
12308:
12302:
12301:
12299:
12298:
12296:Vector control
12293:
12288:
12283:
12281:School hygiene
12278:
12277:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12264:Sanitary sewer
12261:
12256:
12251:
12241:
12236:
12231:
12230:
12229:
12222:Patient safety
12219:
12218:
12217:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12192:
12182:
12181:
12180:
12175:
12170:
12165:
12155:
12154:
12153:
12148:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12127:
12126:
12115:
12113:
12107:
12106:
12104:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12037:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12016:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11986:
11981:
11976:
11971:
11966:
11961:
11960:
11959:
11954:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11933:
11932:
11927:
11917:
11912:
11907:
11905:Harm reduction
11902:
11897:
11892:
11887:
11886:
11885:
11880:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11839:
11837:
11833:
11832:
11825:
11824:
11817:
11810:
11802:
11793:
11792:
11790:
11789:
11777:
11765:
11753:
11752:
11751:
11733:
11730:
11729:
11727:
11726:
11724:Technogaianism
11721:
11719:Sustainability
11716:
11710:
11708:
11704:
11703:
11701:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11674:
11672:
11668:
11667:
11665:
11664:
11659:
11654:
11649:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11629:
11624:
11619:
11614:
11609:
11604:
11598:
11596:
11592:
11591:
11589:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11558:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11538:
11537:
11536:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11506:
11505:
11504:
11494:
11488:
11486:
11485:Related fields
11482:
11481:
11474:
11472:
11470:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11434:
11429:
11423:
11421:
11417:
11416:
11409:
11408:
11401:
11394:
11386:
11377:
11376:
11374:
11373:
11362:
11359:
11358:
11355:
11354:
11352:
11351:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11319:(perpetuation)
11314:
11308:
11306:
11300:
11299:
11297:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11280:
11279:
11272:Nature reserve
11269:
11264:
11263:
11262:
11257:
11247:
11246:
11245:
11235:
11234:
11233:
11228:
11218:
11213:
11212:
11211:
11206:
11196:
11195:
11194:
11189:
11184:
11179:
11168:
11162:
11158:
11157:
11154:
11153:
11151:
11150:
11149:
11148:
11143:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11083:
11078:
11077:
11076:
11066:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11045:
11043:
11039:
11038:
11036:
11035:
11030:
11029:
11028:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11007:
11006:
10996:
10991:
10990:
10989:
10977:
10976:
10975:
10970:
10965:
10955:
10950:
10949:
10948:
10943:
10938:
10928:
10923:
10918:
10917:
10916:
10905:
10903:
10896:
10890:
10889:
10887:
10886:
10885:
10884:
10879:
10869:
10864:
10859:
10858:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10801:
10800:
10790:
10789:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10763:
10762:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10749:climate change
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10725:
10724:
10717:Bioprospecting
10714:
10708:
10706:
10700:
10699:
10697:
10696:
10695:
10694:
10689:
10679:
10678:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10652:
10651:
10650:
10645:
10644:
10643:
10638:
10628:
10627:
10626:
10621:
10611:
10610:
10609:
10599:
10594:
10584:
10583:
10582:
10572:
10571:
10570:
10560:
10559:
10558:
10553:
10548:
10543:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10522:
10521:
10520:
10519:
10503:
10501:
10495:
10494:
10492:
10491:
10486:
10485:
10484:
10479:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10416:
10414:
10408:
10407:
10404:
10403:
10401:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10384:
10382:
10378:
10377:
10375:
10374:
10369:
10368:
10367:
10362:Clean Air Act
10354:
10349:
10344:
10335:
10333:
10324:
10318:
10317:
10310:
10309:
10302:
10295:
10287:
10278:
10277:
10275:
10274:
10263:
10252:
10241:
10229:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10222:
10217:
10216:
10215:
10210:
10203:Stratification
10199:
10197:
10193:
10192:
10190:
10189:
10188:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10164:
10163:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10131:
10129:
10125:
10124:
10122:
10121:
10116:
10115:
10114:
10109:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10088:
10087:
10082:
10072:
10067:
10061:
10059:
10052:
10051:
10049:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10017:
10015:
10011:
10010:
10008:
10007:
10006:
10005:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9979:
9977:
9971:
9970:
9960:
9958:
9956:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9934:
9932:
9928:
9927:
9920:
9919:
9912:
9905:
9897:
9888:
9887:
9885:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9867:Surface runoff
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9839:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9773:
9772:
9767:
9765:North Atlantic
9762:
9757:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9730:Eutrophication
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9686:
9683:
9682:
9675:
9674:
9667:
9660:
9652:
9643:
9642:
9583:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9562:
9558:
9553:
9551:Law by country
9548:
9542:
9540:
9534:
9533:
9531:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9489:
9487:
9483:
9482:
9480:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9438:
9436:
9432:
9431:
9429:
9428:
9423:
9422:
9421:
9416:
9405:
9403:
9399:
9398:
9396:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9373:Surface runoff
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9354:
9353:
9348:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9297:
9296:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9259:Eutrophication
9256:
9251:
9246:
9240:
9238:
9232:
9231:
9229:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9216:Scorched earth
9213:
9210:nuclear winter
9206:nuclear famine
9195:
9185:
9179:
9177:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9141:
9139:
9133:
9132:
9130:
9129:
9123:
9121:
9115:
9114:
9112:
9111:
9110:
9109:
9104:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9083:
9082:
9072:
9067:
9066:
9065:
9055:
9054:
9053:
9051:Uranium mining
9048:
9043:
9038:
9036:Surface mining
9033:
9028:
9018:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9001:
9000:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8987:Lead poisoning
8984:
8979:
8977:Chemical waste
8974:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8948:
8947:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8921:
8919:
8915:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8889:Bioremediation
8886:
8881:
8880:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8858:
8856:
8850:
8849:
8847:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8804:Bioremediation
8801:
8795:
8793:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8783:
8778:
8775:
8772:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8757:
8752:
8751:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:Transportation
8721:
8719:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8688:
8686:
8682:
8681:
8679:
8678:
8673:
8672:
8671:
8666:
8655:
8653:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8643:
8637:
8635:
8631:
8630:
8628:
8627:
8626:
8625:
8615:
8610:
8604:
8602:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8581:
8580:
8570:
8569:
8568:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8547:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8499:Global dimming
8496:
8491:
8486:
8485:
8484:
8474:
8473:
8472:
8470:Diesel exhaust
8462:
8457:
8456:
8455:
8445:
8444:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8397:
8395:
8389:
8388:
8383:
8380:
8379:
8372:
8371:
8364:
8357:
8349:
8343:
8342:
8332:
8331:
8326:
8320:
8319:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:External links
8302:
8299:
8298:
8280:
8262:
8239:33 U.S.C.
8230:
8212:
8194:
8175:
8156:
8142:
8125:
8092:
8079:
8066:
8044:
8030:
8016:
7997:
7938:
7920:
7908:
7893:
7873:
7828:
7813:
7795:
7788:
7770:
7752:
7730:
7709:
7691:
7646:
7628:
7575:
7562:
7555:
7524:
7506:
7447:
7422:
7379:
7354:
7318:
7303:
7233:
7216:
7196:
7153:
7136:
7129:
7108:
7097:
7078:
7043:(1): 169–192.
7025:
6965:
6946:
6924:
6910:
6857:
6839:
6821:
6806:
6782:
6768:
6715:
6655:
6620:(4): 1824–32.
6602:
6561:
6546:
6526:
6512:
6469:
6462:
6436:
6429:
6403:
6400:§ 1342(p)
6396:33 U.S.C.
6387:
6379:33 U.S.C.
6370:
6300:
6285:
6265:
6220:
6205:
6185:
6171:
6164:. Boston, MA:
6153:
6129:
6122:
6102:
6076:
6049:
6024:
6009:
5991:
5955:
5929:
5913:
5888:
5863:
5835:
5810:
5784:
5741:
5676:
5650:
5615:
5566:
5522:
5475:
5446:
5408:
5359:
5306:
5247:
5225:
5169:
5140:(3): 543–549.
5115:
5096:
5069:
5058:
5029:
5011:
4989:
4974:
4942:
4935:
4912:
4861:
4842:. Reston, VA:
4831:
4812:
4782:
4733:
4684:
4645:
4611:
4604:
4567:
4560:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4494:Water security
4491:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4434:
4418:
4415:
4402:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4329:
4328:United Kingdom
4326:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4244:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4180:
4177:
4127:surface runoff
4113:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4062:sanitary sewer
4052:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4012:pollutant load
3962:
3959:
3932:infrastructure
3907:
3904:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3568:
3550:
3547:
3541:as well as in
3534:
3531:
3526:
3523:carbon dioxide
3515:
3512:
3475:microorganisms
3467:Eutrophication
3463:
3459:Eutrophication
3455:
3435:
3432:
3409:
3406:
3401:Nairobi, Kenya
3353:
3350:
3345:eutrophication
3329:
3326:
3285:
3277:
3210:total hardness
3135:
3132:
3093:nitrogen oxide
3089:sulfur dioxide
3077:
3074:
3066:surface runoff
3061:
3058:
2998:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2940:coastal waters
2918:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2892:
2877:uranium mining
2870:
2867:power stations
2860:
2854:
2848:
2830:
2816:
2813:slaughterhouse
2798:
2748:
2745:
2718:drug pollution
2702:Eutrophication
2697:
2694:
2660:
2657:
2586:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2560:
2557:
2487:
2479:
2474:Mount Hope Bay
2461:
2458:
2453:climate change
2437:surface waters
2433:eutrophication
2408:surface runoff
2392:coastal waters
2388:surface waters
2384:eutrophication
2366:Surface runoff
2358:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2332:ship pollution
2275:carbon dioxide
2246:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2173:
2170:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2074:
2063:antidepressant
2059:drug pollution
2001:pharmaceutical
1997:European Union
1981:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1951:
1948:slash and burn
1937:
1920:
1910:motor vehicles
1903:
1865:
1862:
1851:
1850:
1828:
1789:
1786:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1652:Problems with
1650:
1647:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1388:
1387:
1378:
1368:
1350:
1343:drinking water
1333:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1295:drinking water
1285:
1282:
1246:infrastructure
1164:water resource
1160:drinking water
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1031:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
999:
998:
994:
993:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
974:Law by country
971:
963:
962:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
914:
911:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
901:
900:
895:
885:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
845:Surface runoff
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
745:Eutrophication
742:
737:
732:
726:
721:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
707:
702:
700:Scorched earth
697:
696:
695:
693:Nuclear winter
690:
688:Nuclear famine
685:
675:
674:
673:
663:
657:
652:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
617:
612:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:
597:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
468:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
445:Bioremediation
442:
437:
431:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
375:Bioremediation
372:
366:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
325:Transportation
321:
316:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
272:Radio spectrum
269:
268:
267:
262:
251:
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
237:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
218:
217:
207:
202:
196:
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
140:Global dimming
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
101:
96:
95:
92:
91:
70:
62:
61:
55:
54:
39:Drinking water
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13022:
13011:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13001:
12998:
12996:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12977:
12975:
12960:
12959:
12950:
12948:
12947:
12938:
12936:
12935:
12926:
12925:
12922:
12912:
12909:
12907:
12904:
12902:
12899:
12897:
12894:
12892:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12881:Joseph Lister
12879:
12877:
12874:
12872:
12869:
12867:
12864:
12863:
12861:
12857:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12831:
12830:
12828:
12826:
12823:
12822:
12820:
12816:
12809:
12805:
12803:
12800:
12798:
12795:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12772:
12770:
12766:
12763:
12761:
12760:Health Canada
12758:
12757:
12755:
12751:
12748:
12747:
12745:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12732:
12730:
12726:
12723:
12722:
12720:
12716:
12713:
12712:
12710:
12709:
12707:
12705:Organizations
12703:
12700:
12692:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12637:
12635:
12629:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12612:
12611:
12608:
12606:
12603:
12599:
12596:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12579:
12576:
12574:
12571:
12569:
12566:
12565:
12563:
12562:
12560:
12554:
12548:
12545:
12543:
12542:Vaccine trial
12540:
12538:
12535:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12516:
12513:
12512:
12511:
12508:
12504:
12501:
12500:
12499:
12496:
12492:
12489:
12488:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12478:
12476:
12470:
12464:
12461:
12457:
12455:
12451:
12449:
12447:
12442:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12426:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12419:Relative risk
12417:
12415:
12412:
12410:
12407:
12406:
12404:
12398:
12392:
12389:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12379:Health equity
12377:
12375:
12372:
12371:
12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12344:Health system
12342:
12340:
12337:
12335:
12334:Global health
12332:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12320:
12317:
12315:
12314:Biostatistics
12312:
12311:
12309:
12307:
12303:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12246:
12245:
12242:
12240:
12237:
12235:
12232:
12228:
12225:
12224:
12223:
12220:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12206:
12203:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12187:
12186:
12183:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12160:
12159:
12156:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12143:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12125:
12122:
12121:
12120:
12117:
12116:
12114:
12112:
12108:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12056:Right to food
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12011:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11994:
11990:
11989:Mental health
11987:
11985:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11962:
11958:
11955:
11953:
11950:
11949:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11937:Housing First
11935:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11925:Health system
11923:
11922:
11921:
11920:Health policy
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11876:
11875:
11874:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11840:
11838:
11834:
11830:
11829:Public health
11823:
11818:
11816:
11811:
11809:
11804:
11803:
11800:
11788:
11787:
11778:
11776:
11775:
11770:
11766:
11764:
11763:
11754:
11750:
11747:
11746:
11745:
11744:
11735:
11734:
11731:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11711:
11709:
11705:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11675:
11673:
11669:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11655:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11599:
11597:
11593:
11587:
11586:Urban ecology
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11535:
11532:
11531:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11503:
11500:
11499:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11489:
11487:
11483:
11478:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11433:
11430:
11428:
11425:
11424:
11422:
11418:
11414:
11407:
11402:
11400:
11395:
11393:
11388:
11387:
11384:
11372:
11364:
11363:
11360:
11350:
11349:Non-renewable
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11309:
11307:
11305:
11301:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11289:Urban ecology
11287:
11285:
11282:
11278:
11275:
11274:
11273:
11270:
11268:
11265:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11252:
11251:
11248:
11244:
11241:
11240:
11239:
11236:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11223:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11201:
11200:
11197:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11174:
11173:
11170:
11169:
11166:
11163:
11159:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11138:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11121:Privatization
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11075:
11072:
11071:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11046:
11044:
11040:
11034:
11031:
11027:
11024:
11023:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11016:Surface water
11014:
11012:
11009:
11005:
11002:
11001:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10988:
10987:
10983:
10982:
10981:
10978:
10974:
10971:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10960:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10933:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10915:
10912:
10911:
10910:
10907:
10906:
10904:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10891:
10883:
10880:
10878:
10875:
10874:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10822:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10799:
10796:
10795:
10794:
10791:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10768:
10767:
10764:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10746:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10723:
10720:
10719:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10709:
10707:
10705:
10701:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10684:
10683:
10680:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10657:
10656:
10653:
10649:
10646:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10633:
10632:
10629:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10616:
10615:
10612:
10608:
10605:
10604:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10589:
10588:
10585:
10581:
10578:
10577:
10576:
10573:
10569:
10566:
10565:
10564:
10561:
10557:
10554:
10552:
10549:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10539:
10538:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10518:
10517:peak farmland
10515:
10514:
10513:
10510:
10509:
10508:
10505:
10504:
10502:
10500:
10496:
10490:
10487:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10474:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10452:
10448:
10444:
10440:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10417:
10415:
10413:
10409:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10385:
10383:
10379:
10373:
10370:
10366:
10360:
10359:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10337:
10336:
10334:
10332:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10319:
10315:
10308:
10303:
10301:
10296:
10294:
10289:
10288:
10285:
10273:
10269:
10264:
10262:
10253:
10251:
10242:
10240:
10236:
10231:
10230:
10227:
10221:
10218:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10205:
10204:
10201:
10200:
10198:
10194:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10167:
10165:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10155:Hycean planet
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10137:
10136:
10133:
10132:
10130:
10126:
10120:
10117:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10104:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10077:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10062:
10060:
10058:
10053:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10018:
10016:
10012:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9976:
9972:
9966:Water droplet
9964:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9935:
9933:
9929:
9925:
9918:
9913:
9911:
9906:
9904:
9899:
9898:
9895:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9792:Marine debris
9790:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9771:
9770:South Pacific
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9755:Great Pacific
9753:
9752:
9751:
9750:Garbage patch
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9700:Anoxic waters
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9687:
9684:
9680:
9673:
9668:
9666:
9661:
9659:
9654:
9653:
9650:
9640:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9612:
9604:
9595:
9591:
9581:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9543:
9541:
9539:
9535:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9490:
9488:
9484:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9433:
9427:
9424:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9411:
9410:
9407:
9406:
9404:
9400:
9394:
9393:Water quality
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9343:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9295:
9292:
9291:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9237:
9233:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9211:
9207:
9203:
9199:
9196:
9193:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9176:
9172:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9155:Traffic signs
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9142:
9140:
9138:
9134:
9128:
9125:
9124:
9122:
9120:
9116:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9099:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9081:
9080:Microplastics
9078:
9077:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9070:Nanomaterials
9068:
9064:
9061:
9060:
9059:
9056:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9023:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9010:
9009:Lead smelting
9007:
9006:
9005:
9002:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8969:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8946:
8943:
8942:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8922:
8920:
8916:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8864:
8863:
8860:
8859:
8857:
8855:
8851:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8829:Radioactivity
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8788:
8782:
8781:Noise control
8779:
8776:
8773:
8770:
8766:
8763:
8762:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8728:
8727:
8726:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8718:
8714:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8683:
8677:
8674:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8660:
8657:
8656:
8654:
8652:
8648:
8642:
8639:
8638:
8636:
8632:
8624:
8621:
8620:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8601:
8597:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8579:
8576:
8575:
8574:
8571:
8567:
8564:
8563:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8529:Metal working
8527:
8525:
8522:
8521:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8478:
8475:
8471:
8468:
8467:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8454:
8451:
8450:
8449:
8446:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8423:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8381:
8377:
8370:
8365:
8363:
8358:
8356:
8351:
8350:
8347:
8340:
8337:
8336:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8294:
8290:
8284:
8276:
8272:
8266:
8259:
8252:
8247:
8244:
8240:
8234:
8226:
8222:
8216:
8208:
8204:
8198:
8190:
8186:
8179:
8171:
8167:
8160:
8152:
8146:
8135:
8129:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8099:
8097:
8089:
8083:
8076:
8070:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8048:
8040:
8034:
8026:
8020:
8012:
8011:Science Daily
8008:
8001:
7993:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7965:
7961:
7957:
7953:
7949:
7942:
7934:
7930:
7924:
7918:
7912:
7904:
7900:
7896:
7894:0-07-051521-2
7890:
7886:
7885:
7877:
7871:
7865:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7832:
7824:
7820:
7816:
7814:0-07-041878-0
7810:
7806:
7799:
7791:
7789:0-07-041878-0
7785:
7781:
7774:
7766:
7762:
7756:
7740:
7734:
7726:
7719:
7713:
7702:
7695:
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7683:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7667:
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7659:
7658:
7650:
7642:
7638:
7632:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7587:
7579:
7572:
7566:
7558:
7552:
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7539:
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7529:
7520:
7516:
7510:
7502:
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7493:
7488:
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7478:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7458:
7451:
7436:
7432:
7426:
7417:
7416:10044/1/71039
7412:
7407:
7402:
7398:
7394:
7390:
7383:
7368:
7364:
7358:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7322:
7314:
7307:
7292:
7288:
7284:
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7272:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7248:
7244:
7237:
7230:
7219:
7213:
7209:
7208:
7200:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7176:
7172:
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7146:
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7132:
7126:
7122:
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7082:
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7066:
7062:
7058:
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7037:
7029:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6988:(6956): 365.
6987:
6983:
6979:
6972:
6970:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6943:
6939:
6935:
6928:
6920:
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6882:
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6843:
6835:
6831:
6825:
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6809:
6803:
6799:
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6794:
6786:
6778:
6772:
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6752:
6748:
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6736:
6732:
6728:
6727:
6719:
6711:
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6703:
6699:
6694:
6689:
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6681:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6668:
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6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6623:
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6606:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6573:
6565:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6547:0-07-041878-0
6543:
6539:
6538:
6530:
6522:
6516:
6508:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6473:
6465:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6440:
6432:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6407:
6401:
6397:
6391:
6384:
6380:
6374:
6366:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6317:
6312:
6304:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6282:
6278:
6277:
6269:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6232:
6224:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6206:81-224-1839-2
6202:
6198:
6197:
6189:
6181:
6175:
6167:
6163:
6157:
6146:
6139:
6133:
6125:
6119:
6115:
6114:
6106:
6095:September 21,
6090:
6086:
6080:
6069:September 22,
6064:
6060:
6053:
6038:
6034:
6028:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6006:
6002:
5995:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5962:
5960:
5944:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5920:
5918:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5877:
5870:
5868:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5839:
5824:
5820:
5814:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5791:
5789:
5780:
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5771:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5745:
5737:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5680:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5619:
5611:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5570:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5539:(2): 175–91.
5538:
5534:
5533:Ecotoxicology
5526:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5495:(2): 265–88.
5494:
5490:
5486:
5479:
5470:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5450:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5415:
5413:
5404:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5363:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5310:
5302:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5229:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5176:
5174:
5165:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5122:
5120:
5103:
5099:
5097:0-87371-924-7
5093:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5076:
5074:
5065:
5061:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5025:
5021:
5015:
5008:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4993:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4954:
4946:
4938:
4936:92-4-154685-9
4932:
4928:
4924:
4923:
4916:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4865:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4816:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4778:
4774:
4770:
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4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
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4745:
4737:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4638:September 18,
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4607:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4563:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4505:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4440:
4435:
4432:
4426:
4421:
4411:
4406:
4399:
4391:United States
4388:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4332:In 2024, The
4325:
4308:
4304:
4303:water quality
4299:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4250:
4241:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4223:deforestation
4219:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4189:
4185:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4143:crop residues
4140:
4139:animal slurry
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4078:petrochemical
4075:
4071:
4067:
4066:surface water
4063:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3900:
3895:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3853:United States
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3589:
3584:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3553:For example,
3546:
3544:
3540:
3530:
3524:
3520:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3382:concentration
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3212:, nutrients (
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3106:anthropogenic
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3055:single-point.
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3040:air pollution
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3004:contamination
3001:
2995:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2956:drilling rigs
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:, processing
2878:
2874:
2873:Radionuclides
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2857:Microplastics
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2656:
2649:
2645:
2644:public health
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:contamination
2597:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2501:body of water
2498:
2494:
2493:water quality
2490:
2484:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2322:, wind-blown
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2304:Air pollution
2301:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2232:
2229:
2228:its recycling
2225:
2224:microplastics
2221:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:marine debris
2144:
2143:microplastics
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2106:Lachine Canal
2102:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:illicit drugs
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:has declared
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1665:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:Helminth eggs
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1469:Death of fish
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1383:Hepatovirus A
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1291:anthropogenic
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
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1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:point sources
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:surface water
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:results when
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1058:
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1019:
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985:
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966:
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964:
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931:
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921:
919:
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899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
874:
873:
866:
863:
861:
860:Water quality
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
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811:
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801:
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788:
786:
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758:
756:
753:
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736:
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731:
728:
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724:
719:
718:
711:
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676:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
655:
650:
649:
642:
639:
637:
636:Traffic signs
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
615:
610:
609:
602:
599:
598:
595:
590:
589:
582:
579:
578:
572:
571:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
543:Nanomaterials
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
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446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
429:
424:
423:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:Radioactivity
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
364:
359:
358:
351:
350:Soundproofing
348:
346:
345:Noise control
343:
341:
340:Noise barrier
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
319:
314:
313:
306:
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138:
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108:
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99:
94:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
13005:Water supply
12956:
12944:
12932:
12901:Radium Girls
12896:Typhoid Mary
12583:Microbiology
12453:
12445:
12329:Epidemiology
12227:Organization
12178:Oral hygiene
12168:Hand washing
12146:Healthy diet
12076:Right to sit
12018:
11969:Labor rights
11784:
11772:
11760:
11741:
11642:Road ecology
11595:Applications
11571:Radioecology
11534:epidemiology
11467:Soil science
11462:Oceanography
11347: /
11221:Exploitation
11115:
11106:Conservation
11049:Desalination
10984:
10877:conservation
10712:Biodiversity
10660:conservation
10507:Agricultural
10435:Fossil fuels
10096:
10085:Hydrobiology
10070:Distribution
9881:
9877:Urban runoff
9837:Plastic bags
9760:Indian Ocean
9695:Anoxic event
9472:Point source
9414:Heavy metals
9388:Urban runoff
9368:Sulfur water
9346:Septic tanks
9235:
9192:Agent Orange
9046:Mining waste
8872:Manure waste
8702:Volcanic ash
8578:Black carbon
8534:Oil refining
8519:Particulates
8448:Construction
8314:
8292:
8283:
8274:
8265:
8245:
8233:
8215:
8197:
8178:
8159:
8145:
8128:
8118:30 September
8116:. Retrieved
8107:
8082:
8069:
8061:the original
8056:
8047:
8033:
8019:
8010:
8000:
7955:
7951:
7941:
7923:
7911:
7883:
7876:
7845:
7841:
7831:
7804:
7798:
7779:
7773:
7765:the original
7755:
7743:. Retrieved
7733:
7712:
7694:
7661:
7655:
7649:
7631:
7590:
7584:
7578:
7565:
7537:
7518:
7509:
7464:
7460:
7450:
7438:. Retrieved
7434:
7425:
7396:
7392:
7382:
7370:. Retrieved
7367:www.usgs.gov
7366:
7357:
7326:
7321:
7306:
7294:. Retrieved
7250:
7246:
7236:
7228:
7221:. Retrieved
7206:
7199:
7169:(6): 21–27.
7166:
7162:
7156:
7139:
7120:
7088:
7081:
7040:
7034:
7028:
6985:
6981:
6937:
6927:
6913:
6875:(1): 83–96.
6872:
6866:
6860:
6842:
6824:
6792:
6785:
6771:
6730:
6724:
6718:
6665:
6658:
6617:
6611:
6605:
6570:
6564:
6536:
6529:
6515:
6488:
6482:
6472:
6445:
6439:
6412:
6406:
6390:
6373:
6320:
6314:
6303:
6275:
6268:
6235:
6229:
6223:
6195:
6188:
6174:
6156:
6145:the original
6132:
6112:
6105:
6093:. Retrieved
6088:
6079:
6067:. Retrieved
6063:the original
6052:
6040:. Retrieved
6036:
6027:
6000:
5994:
5982:. Retrieved
5978:
5946:. Retrieved
5942:
5932:
5904:. Retrieved
5900:
5891:
5879:. Retrieved
5854:. Retrieved
5848:
5838:
5826:. Retrieved
5822:
5813:
5800:
5760:
5754:
5744:
5693:
5689:
5679:
5667:. Retrieved
5662:
5653:
5631:(2): 91–97.
5628:
5624:
5618:
5583:
5579:
5569:
5536:
5532:
5525:
5492:
5488:
5478:
5459:
5449:
5424:
5420:
5376:
5372:
5362:
5321:
5315:
5309:
5264:
5260:
5250:
5234:
5228:
5187:
5181:
5137:
5131:
5106:. Retrieved
5102:the original
5086:. New York:
5082:
5064:Google Books
5062:– via
5044:
5014:
4998:
4992:
4952:
4945:
4921:
4915:
4878:
4874:
4864:
4854:November 14,
4852:. Retrieved
4848:the original
4834:
4815:
4805:November 14,
4803:. Retrieved
4799:the original
4785:
4742:
4736:
4701:
4697:
4687:
4662:
4658:
4648:
4636:. Retrieved
4623:
4614:
4582:
4541:
4537:
4431:Water portal
4377:water sports
4369:
4349:The Guardian
4346:
4338:Chris Whitty
4331:
4322:
4283:bioretention
4245:
4220:
4204:hydroseeding
4193:
4025:
4009:
3986:
3952:
3929:
3921:
3909:
3552:
3536:
3517:
3499:algal blooms
3464:
3437:
3417:
3397:Fecal sludge
3380:, etc.) the
3355:
3309:conductivity
3293:surroundings
3257:bioindicator
3254:
3179:
3172:
3170:
3118:
3083:
3079:
3063:
3032:agricultural
2883:, operating
2881:nuclear fuel
2786:, including
2784:Heavy metals
2778:
2771:
2699:
2686:
2680:
2662:
2653:
2602:rather than
2562:
2553:thermophilic
2549:biodiversity
2534:
2521:Urban runoff
2517:power plants
2412:septic tanks
2402:, stimulate
2368:of soil and
2256:agricultural
2220:Central Asia
2214:As of 2022,
2213:
2209:pit latrines
2190:
2175:
2166:
2155:
2125:
2055:
2032:it threatens
2007:
1993:agribusiness
1982:
1930:
1906:Heavy metals
1894:
1852:
1791:
1766:pit latrines
1762:septic tanks
1739:
1732:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1677:
1630:Conductivity
1545:an indicator
1538:
1389:
1381:
1371:insecticides
1319:
1301:Contaminants
1287:
1278:urban runoff
1243:
1239:power plants
1168:
1120:contaminants
1088:water bodies
1083:
1079:
1078:
948:Point source
893:Heavy metals
855:Urban runoff
840:Sulfur water
815:Septic tanks
722:
671:Agent Orange
581:Space debris
435:Agricultural
300:Volcanic ash
160:Particulates
86:(Mexico) to
43:
12958:WikiProject
12698:and history
12578:Engineering
12291:Vaccination
12163:Food safety
11786:WikiProject
11632:Remediation
11447:Geosciences
11420:Main fields
11340:Nationalism
11312:Common-pool
10953:Hydrosphere
10946:remediation
10931:Groundwater
10526:Degradation
10150:Ocean world
10075:Hydrosphere
10003:superheated
9690:Algal bloom
9442:Area source
9351:Pit latrine
9274:Groundwater
9031:Gold mining
9026:Coal mining
8997:Toxic waste
8962:Green waste
8935:Brown waste
8918:Solid waste
8465:Exhaust gas
8243:§ 1251
8090:April 2004.
7519:China Daily
7440:February 9,
7372:February 9,
6733:: 504–512.
6383:§ 1362
5580:Chemosphere
5427:: 620–640.
5183:Chemosphere
5108:January 26,
4881:(2): 1054.
4385:River Seine
4319:Philippines
4314:Legislation
4271:green roofs
4216:silt fences
3798:Philippines
3773:New Zealand
3678:El Salvador
3603:Afghanistan
3321:Secchi disk
3297:temperature
3289:equilibrium
3273:crustaceans
3246:surfactants
3236:, lead and
3188:(TSS)) and
3060:Agriculture
3044:smokestacks
3016:land runoff
2976:bunker fuel
2972:diesel fuel
2928:hydrocarbon
2737:copper mine
2676:storm drain
2632:agriculture
2628:fertilizers
2596:groundwater
2497:temperature
2476:until 2011.
2260:residential
2205:human feces
2139:macroscopic
2127:Solid waste
2067:antibiotics
2061:), such as
2052:metabolites
1883:, Germany).
1856:(PFAS) are
1845:(PCBs) and
1825:storm water
1809:diesel fuel
1748:), sewage,
1742:human feces
1734:Schistosoma
1442:Pollutants
1340:disinfected
1179:storm drain
1140:degradation
1136:groundwater
1112:groundwater
918:Area source
760:Groundwater
513:Green waste
493:Brown waste
477:Solid waste
235:Information
130:Exhaust gas
13010:Sanitation
12974:Categories
12711:Caribbean
12588:Processing
12522:Quarantine
12444:Student's
12244:Sanitation
11878:History of
11749:scientists
11335:Extraction
11294:Wilderness
11255:accounting
11238:Management
11204:ecological
11192:tragedy of
11111:Peak water
11096:Efficiency
11069:Sanitation
11011:Stormwater
11004:harvesting
10980:Irrigation
10882:management
10840:gene banks
10781:management
10759:management
10675:resilience
10641:phosphorus
10597:industrial
10575:Management
10551:soundscape
10457:Geothermal
10272:Wiktionary
10107:management
9953:Properties
9862:Stormwater
9715:Cyanotoxin
9594:by country
9590:Categories
9528:Zero waste
9409:Pollutants
9363:Stagnation
9301:Monitoring
9269:Freshwater
9145:Air travel
8957:Food waste
8877:Pesticides
8867:Herbicides
8771:Industrial
8600:Biological
8460:Demolition
8453:Renovation
8436:Joss paper
8421:Combustion
7723:(Report).
7639:(Report).
7593:: 142733.
7315:. Reuters.
6832:(Report).
6019:1052566532
5971:Roser, Max
5856:October 4,
5828:August 19,
5324:(9): 523.
5190:: 127340.
5022:(Report).
4984:1007100256
4500:References
4210:, such as
4198:, such as
4188:Silt fence
4147:irrigation
4135:pesticides
4131:fertilizer
3967:Sanitation
3863:Uzbekistan
3728:Kazakhstan
3623:Bangladesh
3549:By country
3533:Prevalence
3352:Ecosystems
3250:pesticides
3218:phosphorus
3101:atmosphere
3052:pollutants
2907:Oil spills
2845:herbicides
2837:pesticides
2805:food waste
2716:(see also
2608:sanitation
2592:pollutants
2545:food chain
2529:reservoirs
2525:stormwater
2503:caused by
2400:phosphorus
2370:fertilizer
2312:pesticides
2281:enter the
2252:industrial
2080:(see also
2050:and their
1927:phosphates
1821:oil spills
1817:combustion
1758:sanitation
1750:blackwater
1724:Salmonella
1680:protozoans
1644:irrigation
1638:Excessive
1590:detergents
1568:Pesticides
1532:Pathogens
1492:Phosphorus
1444:adsorption
1407:Pollutant
1375:herbicides
1365:phthalates
1284:Definition
1254:sanitation
1250:Technology
1195:pesticides
1152:irrigation
1128:stormwater
1108:reservoirs
1005:By country
997:Categories
888:Pollutants
865:Wastewater
835:Stagnation
780:Monitoring
755:Freshwater
621:Air travel
508:Food waste
450:Defecation
260:Ecological
193:Biological
125:Combustion
72:Raw sewage
49:Part of a
12891:John Snow
12818:Education
12808:Full list
12696:education
12620:ISO 22000
12573:Chemistry
12486:Epidemics
12439:ROC curve
12249:Emergency
12029:Radiation
12009:Pollution
11993:Ministers
11890:Euthenics
11627:Recycling
11497:Chemistry
11457:Limnology
11452:Hydrology
11345:Renewable
11330:Depletion
11317:Conflict
11199:Economics
11177:enclosure
11136:Resources
11116:Pollution
11033:Watershed
10936:pollution
10867:Seed bank
10862:Rangeland
10744:Fisheries
10729:Biosphere
10722:biopiracy
10665:fertility
10541:cityscape
10536:Landscape
10443:peak coal
10430:Resources
10381:Emissions
10185:Enceladus
10166:Specific
10102:Resources
10097:Pollution
10080:Hydrology
10046:Hydronium
10036:Tritiated
10026:Semiheavy
9931:Overviews
9872:Upwelling
9827:Oil spill
9802:Microbead
9740:Fish kill
9720:Dead zone
9486:Responses
9457:Garbology
9383:Turbidity
9331:Oil spill
9264:Firewater
9165:Vandalism
9127:Satellite
8824:Poisoning
8819:Plutonium
8799:Actinides
8791:Radiation
8539:Wood dust
8401:Acid rain
8376:Pollution
8170:The Times
7864:1476-1777
7745:April 13,
7623:225156609
7351:190160283
7296:August 9,
7291:129093839
7283:1093-474X
7275:1752-1688
7223:August 9,
7191:1548-8446
7163:Fisheries
6897:1573-0662
6816:960163923
6507:0022-0949
6347:0027-8424
6295:915416488
5984:April 12,
5948:March 24,
5906:March 24,
5881:April 12,
5779:0022-0949
5718:0027-8424
5669:March 10,
5645:0166-445X
5586:: 38–45.
5220:219974801
4679:0048-9697
4473:Pollution
4375:or other
4342:waterways
4285:systems,
4227:hydrology
4016:nutrients
3915:(BAT) or
3868:Venezuela
3823:Sri Lanka
3818:Singapore
3778:Nicaragua
3713:Indonesia
3693:Guatemala
3618:Australia
3471:nutrients
3443:ecosystem
3378:manganese
3366:chemicals
3317:turbidity
3291:with its
3242:petroleum
3190:turbidity
3110:lightning
3085:Acid rain
3048:tailpipes
3008:pollution
2980:waste oil
2966:(such as
2944:crude oil
2936:pollution
2925:petroleum
2921:oil spill
2914:Oil spill
2819:Inorganic
2760:pollutant
2710:cosmetics
2681:The U.S.
2610:systems,
2604:pollution
2555:species.
2449:acid rain
2420:emissions
2380:nutrients
2273:, excess
2267:particles
2186:nutrients
2135:landfills
1801:Petroleum
1760:systems (
1729:norovirus
1674:Pathogens
1585:(various)
1480:Nutrients
1431:Aesthetic
1332:products.
1227:inorganic
1211:turbidity
1187:oil spill
1116:pollution
933:Garbology
850:Turbidity
800:Oil spill
750:Firewater
735:Biosolids
641:Vandalism
400:Poisoning
395:Plutonium
370:Actinides
363:Radiation
105:Acid rain
80:New River
59:Pollution
12990:Aquifers
12934:Category
12633:sciences
12568:Additive
12239:Safe sex
12210:Medicine
12124:Theories
11895:Genomics
11873:Eugenics
11863:Deviance
11843:Auxology
11743:Category
11707:See also
11693:Glossary
11683:Journals
11371:Category
11304:Resource
11243:adaptive
11141:improved
11101:Conflict
11086:Security
11081:Scarcity
11074:improved
11064:Leaching
10941:recharge
10921:Drinking
10872:Wildlife
10739:Bushmeat
10734:Bushfood
10687:planning
10592:gemstone
10587:Minerals
10568:property
10556:viewshed
10546:seascape
10477:sunlight
10451:peak oil
10447:peak gas
10250:Category
9832:Particle
9574:Treaties
9546:Diseases
9358:Shipping
9254:Diseases
9102:Landfill
8777:Abstract
8774:Military
8707:Wildfire
8556:Smelting
8524:Asbestos
8112:Archived
7992:30910966
7903:16087827
7823:48053912
7686:17711227
7615:33572041
7501:18685114
7065:21141034
7012:14508477
6960:Archived
6956:21250344
6905:97714446
6763:58567561
6755:30620926
6702:27236142
6650:39997737
6642:23320453
6597:25889547
6556:48053912
6365:33972438
6260:17335857
6215:85857626
6042:June 19,
5973:(2023).
5736:35165193
5663:BBC News
5610:25898388
5553:24352829
5509:26487337
5441:27552641
5403:30509904
5379:(1764).
5354:52022441
5346:30116969
5301:29311318
5239:Archived
5212:32563917
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