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Why We Can't Wait

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71: 596:(1964), pp. 15–18. "Why did a thousand cities shudder almost simultaneously and why did the whole world—in gleaming capitals and mud-hut villages—hold its breath during those months? Why was it the year that the American Negro, so long ignored, so long written out of the pages of history books, tramped a declaration of freedom with his marching feet across the pages of newspapers, the television screens, and the magazines?" 5134: 1181: 622:(1964), pp. 18–19. "In order, then, to understand the deep disillusion of the Negro in 1963, one must examine his contrasting emotions at the time of the decision and during the nine years that followed. One must understand the pendulum swing between the elation that arose when the edict was handed down and the despair that followed the failure to bring it to life." 164:
Just as lightning makes no sound until it strikes, the Negro Revolution generated quietly. But when it struck, the revealing flash of its power and the impact of its sincerity and fervor displayed a force of a frightening intensity. Three hundred years of humiliation, abuse, and deprivation cannot be
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He calls for multi-racial unity, suggesting that Africans were not the only group oppressed in America: "Our nation was born in genocide when it embraced the doctrine that the original American, the Indian, was an inferior race. Even before there were large numbers of Negroes on our shores, the scar
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The conclusion provides an explanation of "why we can't wait": that Blacks must no longer move towards freedom, but assert their freedom. King writes: "It is because the Negro knows that no person—as well as no nation—can truly exist half slave and half free that he has embroiders upon his banners
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King describes the alliance between the SCLC and the ACHR, and reproduces the text of a "Commitment Card" used for recruiting. (Volunteers who signed the card pledged to meditate on the life of Jesus, pray daily, observe the interests of the community, and to seek "justice and reconciliation—not
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The city government became increasingly willing to negotiate as demonstrations continued. King describes mass participation by young people, full jails, and international media attention fueled by powerful photographs. Negotiators reached an agreement on Friday, May 10, 1963: the city promised
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resistance was so powerful. One of its major strengths involved changing the function of jails in society. Previously, the jail was used as an element of intimidation: authorities used the threat of pain and isolation in jail to control many separate individuals. Large groups of demonstrators,
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Rustin said: "I don't want to write something for somebody where I know he is acting like a puppet. I want to be a real ghost and write what the person wants to say. And that is what I always knew was true in the case of Martin. I would never write anything that wasn't what he wanted to say. I
27: 253:, the one man in so exalted a post would generate such a volume of pride that it could be cut into portions and served to everyone." King distinguishes between tokenism and a "modest start" to equality, writing that tokenism serves to stifle dissent and protest, not to start a process. 699:(1964), pp. 25–26. "Tested in Montgomery during the winter of 1955–56, and toughened throughout the South in the eight ensuing years, nonviolent resistance has become, by 1963, the logical force in the greatest mass-action crusade that has ever occurred in American history." 167:
Because there is more to come; because American society is bewildered by the spectacle of the Negro in revolt; because the dimensions are vast and the implications deep in a nation with twenty million Negroes, it is important to understand the history that is being made
673:(1964), pp. 22–25. "In 1963, the Negro, who had realized for many years that he was not truly free, awoke from a stupor of inaction with the cold dash of realization that 1963 meant one hundred years after Lincoln gave his autograph to the cause of freedom." 141:
The book largely reproduces the text of "Letter from Birmingham Jail", with some editorial changes. King writes in a footnote: "Although the text remains in substance unaltered, I have indulged in the author's prerogative in polishing it for publication."
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was an important part of the effort to make the civil rights struggle known to national and international audiences. Describing Birmingham as "the most segregated city in America" transformed it into a symbol for segregation and inequality at large.
123:, who suggested that the theme of not waiting be used for the title. Weybright also gave permission for "Letter from Birmingham Jail" to be republished in national newspapers and magazines; it appeared in July 1963 as "Why the Negro Won't Wait". 2371: 190:
Lack of confidence in politicians and government, particularly after the perceived failures of the Kennedy administration. These included a weak stance on housing discrimination and a lack of support for Black voting rights in the
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as an act of deception that offers false pride without real power: "The Negro wanted to feel pride in his race? With tokenism, the solution was simple. If all twenty million Negroes would keep looking at
130:. Some early work on the text was done by Al Duckett (also a participant in the movement). King and Levison eventually dismissed Duckett and then Nat Lamar, and Levison did some work on the text himself. 284:
King describes "Bull Connor's Birmingham" as an anachronistic city whose social order resembled colonial-era slavery. He writes that Blacks lack basic human rights, and are ruled by violence and terror.
346:—the beginning of organization in a revolutionary army. He warns against complacency in the wake of the Birmingham demonstrations, suggesting that revolt is only the beginning of revolution. 350:
of racial hatred had already disfigured colonial society." He argues that the summer of 1963 has made most Whites in America more receptive to the idea of legal equality for Blacks.
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The book describes 1963 as the beginning of "the Negro revolution". It seeks to describe the historical events that led up to this revolution, and to explain why this revolution was
525:(1964), and while Rustin had asked not to be acknowledged for his labor, Duckett's help is mentioned by King before the introduction to the book. (Garrow 1986: 280 and 299)." 920:(1964), pp. 121–122. "The summer of our discontent, far from alienating America's white citizens, brought them closer into harmony with its Negro citizens than ever before." 312:
desegregation within 90 days, jobs for Blacks in local industry, release of those jailed during the campaign, and ongoing formal diplomacy between Black and White leaders.
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The book has received much contemporary critical acclaim, and was ranked #78 on Modern Library's list of the 100 best non-fiction books written in English.
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victory".) He tells the story of how he was imprisoned in the course of demonstrations and then reproduces his (already and thereafter) famous "
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The book was generally well received by the mainstream press. It also afforded the Letter from Birmingham Jail its widest circulation yet.
385:, cautioning that political work is dangerous but necessary. He ends by saying that if the civil rights revolution succeeds it may spread 4847: 4842: 4630: 4612: 3344: 3253: 2210: 289: 3393: 3095: 2629: 2592: 2577: 4949: 3500: 3202: 2612: 2587: 1979: 1233: 5158: 4984: 4939: 4607: 3490: 3418: 3144: 3024: 2692: 2523: 2471: 2420: 1489: 354: 4898: 3286: 2886: 2655: 2548: 2085: 1852: 1337: 276:(NAACP). King argues that none of these leaders and philosophies held the promise of real mass change for all African Americans. 88: 3264: 4635: 2755: 2481: 5021: 3485: 3433: 3379: 2781: 1261: 5168: 4999: 3428: 3364: 2727: 2670: 2397: 2270: 1091:
Blessed Are The Peacemakers: Martin Luther King Jr., Eight White Religious Leaders, and the "Letter from Birmingham Jail"
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never ended for African Americans; while others enjoyed an economic recovery, Black unemployment rose. King says that
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Joseph Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King
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Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
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Why We Can't Wait: Some inspiration from Martin Luther King Jr. for Occupy Wall Street
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He criticizes other approaches to social change for Blacks, including the quietism of
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reminded Blacks that they remained oppressed in spite of their nominal legal freedom.
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The agreement triggered an assassination attempt on King, orchestrated by the local
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Davi Johnson, "Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 Birmingham Campaign as Image Event",
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was published by Harper & Row in July 1964. The paperback edition cost 60¢.
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the act of being jailed, thereby making jail less of a punishment. He condemns
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King began working on the book later in 1963, with assistance from Levison and
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King advocates continued action in Birmingham, comparing the campaign to the
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King gives several reasons why the Negro Revolution erupted in 1963:
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King traveled to promote the book, while also still involved in the
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Thousands of student demonstrators were expelled from school by the
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worldwide, ending the nuclear arms race and bringing world peace.
373:." He calls for a Bill of Rights for the Disadvantaged, including 326:. The decision was challenged by the NAACP and overruled by Judge 181:
Disillusionment with the slow speed of school desegregation after
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relayed to King in May 1963. Soon after, Levison made a deal with
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, Washington, D.C.
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Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
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African American founding fathers of the United States
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Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
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John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
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African American founding fathers of the United States
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Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–63
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He chronicles preliminary demonstrations held by the
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Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc.
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Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
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United States 2728: 1896:Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act 1890:U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations 1434:Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? 1262: 2661:Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library, San Jose 1227:The 'Promised Land': Why We're Still Waiting 3345:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights 2211:Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story 1290:Speeches, writings, movements, and protests 1069:"100 Best Nonfiction « Modern Library" 496: 494: 492: 290:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights 3394:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership 2735: 2721: 2630:Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (Compton) 1276: 1269: 1255: 1229:". Black Commentator 166, 12 January 2006. 432:) in September 2011 as an inspiration for 74:King at a press conference on June 8, 1964 25: 4950:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument 1980:The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306 4985:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change 3025:University of Georgia desegregation riot 2693:Civil rights movement in popular culture 2499:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change 2421:Civil rights movement in popular culture 1490:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom 489: 355:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom 230: 69: 4899:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 4636:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus" 4631:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round" 1338:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 392: 89:racial segregation in the United States 5151: 4813:African-American women in the movement 3265:White House Conference on Civil Rights 3096:"Segregation now, segregation forever" 1237:: Reading Dr. King in the Age of Obama 1058:", Salt Lake Tribune, 5 November 2011. 87:about the nonviolent movement against 3254:Harper v. 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Oklahoma State Regents 2574:Statues of Martin Luther King Jr. 2461: 2310:King Dream Chorus and Holiday Crew 1866:(now National Civil Rights Museum) 1112:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 14: 5190: 4945:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute 4818:Jews in the civil rights movement 2125:Alpha Man: The Brotherhood of MLK 1851: 1172: 553:(1986), p. 649; quoted in Mieder 5139:Civil rights movement portal 5132: 4980:Freedom Riders National Monument 4722:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 3234:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches 3193:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests 3080:Second Emancipation Proclamation 2438:King v. Trustees of Boston Univ. 2317:"By the Time I Get to Arizona" ( 1386:Second Emancipation Proclamation 1179: 1143:King, Martin Luther Jr. (1964). 226:as a means for demanding change. 107:The seed of the book is King's " 5159:Works by Martin Luther King Jr. 5007:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum 4995:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial 3471:National Council of Negro Women 3409:Deacons for Defense and Justice 2570:Safe House Black History Museum 2489:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial 1083: 1061: 1048: 1031: 1014: 1001: 988: 975: 962: 949: 936: 923: 910: 897: 884: 871: 858: 845: 832: 819: 806: 793: 780: 767: 754: 741: 728: 715: 702: 689: 676: 663: 650: 638: 625: 612: 599: 2887:Mansfield school desegregation 2544:U.S. Capitol Rotunda sculpture 1522:Mississippi March Against Fear 586: 573: 560: 541: 528: 511: 460: 332:Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals 1: 5017:National Voting Rights Museum 4960:Civil Rights Movement Archive 4759:Lynching in the United States 4646:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize" 3101:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door 3074:University of Chicago sit-ins 2841:Davis v. Prince Edward County 2245:March! For Martin Luther King 1466:Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom 1024:10(1), Spring 2007, accessed 1022:Rhetoric & Public Affairs 453: 353:He describes the August 1963 324:Birmingham Board of Education 279: 235:King goes on to describe why 138:understood him well enough." 5012:National Civil Rights Museum 4868:March on Washington Movement 4853:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 3322:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. 2509:National Civil Rights Museum 2504:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 1347:I've Been to the Mountaintop 1187:Civil rights movement portal 555:"Making a Way Out of No Way" 375:reparations for unpaid wages 272:, and the litigation of the 172: 91:, and specifically the 1963 7: 4656:"This Little Light of Mine" 3404:Dallas County Voters League 3350:Atlanta Negro Voters League 3113:Letter from Birmingham Jail 2820:Brown v. Board of Education 2646:sculpture, Portland, Oregon 2636:Landmark for Peace Memorial 2361:"Symphony of Brotherhood" ( 2284:Pride (In the Name of Love) 1506:Selma to Montgomery marches 1405:Letter from Birmingham Jail 1225:Samad, Anthony Assadulah. " 1219: 568:Blessed Are The Peacemakers 484:Blessed Are The Peacemakers 306:Letter from Birmingham Jail 204:The centennial of the 1863 109:Letter from Birmingham Jail 10: 5195: 5169:Protestantism and politics 4990:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 4858:Holt Street Baptist Church 4828:16th Street Baptist Church 3812:Annie Bell Robinson Devine 3456:Nashville Student Movement 3386:An Appeal for Human Rights 2534:Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity 2477:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 2258:Martin Luther King's Dream 1572: 1131:William Morrow and Company 1089:Bass, S. Jonathan (2002). 519:Making a Way Out of No Way 443:started using the slogan " 292:(ACHR) and then describes 222:The rise to prominence of 151: 102: 5128: 5030: 4932: 4746: 4679: 4621: 4600: 4487:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson 4457:Modjeska Monteith Simkins 3529: 3521:Women's Political Council 3516:Wednesdays in Mississippi 3511:United Auto Workers (UAW) 3496:Southern Regional Council 3466:Northern Student Movement 3375:Committee for Freedom Now 3335: 3282:Memphis sanitation strike 3248:Voting Rights Act of 1965 3170: 2991:Savannah Protest Movement 2953: 2811: 2772:Journey of Reconciliation 2764: 2751: 2687:America in the King Years 2467: 2456: 2412: 2222: 2201: 2150: 2041: 1940: 1936: 1930: 1925: 1859: 1846: 1681: 1582: 1578: 1567: 1541:Memphis sanitation strike 1445: 1357: 1299: 1295: 1284: 1157:Mieder, Wolfgang (2010). 414: 206:Emancipation Proclamation 56: 46: 36: 24: 3355:Atlanta Student Movement 3304:Civil Rights Act of 1968 3229:1964–1965 Scripto strike 3210:Civil Rights Act of 1964 3108:1963 Birmingham campaign 3001:Civil Rights Act of 1960 2925:Civil Rights Act of 1957 2494:National Historical Park 2232:Abraham, Martin and John 1710:(strategist / colleague) 1514:Chicago Freedom Movement 1161:. New York: Peter Lang. 268:, the Pan-Africanism of 224:nonviolent direct action 195:Decolonization of Africa 4907:Voter Education Project 4661:"We Shall Not Be Moved" 4322:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 3757:Josephine Dobbs Clement 3183:Chester school protests 3178:Twenty-fourth Amendment 3140:Detroit Walk to Freedom 2882:Tallahassee bus boycott 2803:Baton Rouge bus boycott 2676:King County, Washington 2529:FBI–King suicide letter 5179:1964 non-fiction books 5174:Harper & Row books 5120:Movement photographers 4362:Bernice Johnson Reagon 4082:Martin Luther King Sr. 4077:Martin Luther King Jr. 3647:William Holmes Borders 3419:Highlander Folk School 3309:Poor People's Campaign 3162:St. Augustine movement 3012:Gomillion v. Lightfoot 2935:Katz Drug Store sit-in 2906:Royal Ice Cream sit-in 2868:Montgomery bus boycott 2539:Season for Nonviolence 2352:"Never Alone Martin" ( 2074:"Great X-Pectations" ( 2010:King in the Wilderness 1631:Martin Luther King Sr. 1607:Martin Luther King III 1549:Poor People's Campaign 1498:St. Augustine movement 1458:Montgomery bus boycott 1278:Martin Luther King Jr. 1045:96, 13 September 2011. 430:Poor People's Campaign 402:St. Augustine Movement 170: 85:Martin Luther King Jr. 75: 41:Martin Luther King Jr. 20:Why We Can't Wait 4955:Civil Rights Memorial 4843:Bethel Baptist Church 4492:Charles Kenzie Steele 3937:Audrey Faye Hendricks 3842:Myrlie Evers-Williams 3822:Patricia Stephens Due 3792:Abraham Lincoln Davis 3727:Colia Lafayette Clark 3481:Operation Breadbasket 3476:National Urban League 3223:Katzenbach v. McClung 3091:Atlanta's Berlin Wall 2744:Civil rights movement 1647:Christine King Farris 1639:Alberta Williams King 1424:Conscience for Change 1367:Stride Toward Freedom 1073:www.modernlibrary.com 439:In October 2011, the 369:the significant word 344:Battle of Bunker Hill 231:Nonviolent resistance 162: 97:civil rights movement 73: 5000:other King memorials 4975:Freedom Rides Museum 4912:1960s counterculture 4863:Edmund Pettus Bridge 4542:Walter Francis White 4447:Alexander D. Shimkin 2961:New Year's Day March 2930:Ministers' Manifesto 2777:Executive Order 9981 2698:Lee–Jackson–King Day 2651:Kennedy–King College 2110:"Return of the King" 1206:Quotations and video 985:(1964), pp. 146–151. 972:(1964), pp. 141–142. 959:(1964), pp. 137–138. 946:(1964), pp. 123–129. 933:(1964), pp. 123–125. 907:(1964), pp. 119–120. 894:(1964), pp. 113–117. 881:(1964), pp. 107–108. 868:(1964), pp. 106–107. 441:Obama administration 393:Reception and effect 258:Booker T. Washington 117:New American Library 4738:Mary McLeod Bethune 4699:Sermon on the Mount 4666:"We Shall Overcome" 4247:William Lewis Moore 4027:Frank Minis Johnson 4002:Richie Jean Jackson 3957:Donald L. Hollowell 3762:Charles E. Cobb Jr. 3567:Gwendolyn Armstrong 3562:William G. Anderson 3542:Victoria Gray Adams 3506:The Freedom Singers 3360:Black Panther Party 3145:March on Washington 3058:Garner v. Louisiana 3019:Boynton v. Virginia 2563:Hope Moving Forward 2328:Shed a Little Light 2091:New York Undercover 2086:"The Promised Land" 1913:Conspiracy theories 1694:(mentor, colleague) 1482:Birmingham campaign 855:(1964), pp. 96–106. 570:(2002), p. 136–137. 298:Birmingham campaign 217:economic inequality 93:Birmingham campaign 21: 5055:Michael Eric Dyson 4940:In popular culture 4823:Fifth Circuit Four 4807:Loving v. Virginia 4800:Hernandez v. Texas 4779:Buchanan v. Warley 4771:Separate but equal 4765:Plessy v. Ferguson 4728:Frederick Douglass 4562:Robert F. Williams 4472:Kelly Miller Smith 4452:Fred Shuttlesworth 4377:Frederick D. Reese 4357:George Raymond Jr. 4347:A. Philip Randolph 4327:Fay Bellamy Powell 4242:Queen Mother Moore 4127:Z. Alexander Looby 4072:Coretta Scott King 4017:Barbara Rose Johns 3997:Jimmie Lee Jackson 3922:William E. Harbour 3702:Stokely Carmichael 3617:Randolph Blackwell 3287:King assassination 3276:Loving v. Virginia 3260:March Against Fear 3240:How Long, Not Long 3118:Children's Crusade 3069:Cambridge movement 3006:Ax Handle Saturday 2971:Greensboro sit-ins 2898:Give Us the Ballot 2557:sculpture, Atlanta 2341:Up to the Mountain 2128:(2011 documentary) 2101:Selma, Lord, Selma 2023:(2020 documentary) 2013:(2018 documentary) 1983:(2008 documentary) 1960:Our Friend, Martin 1953:(1970 documentary) 1796:Fred Shuttlesworth 1591:Coretta Scott King 1329:How Long, Not Long 1311:Give Us the Ballot 1243:, 18 January 2010. 1210:Fred Shuttlesworth 842:(1964), pp. 76–95. 829:(1964), pp. 65–75. 816:(1964), pp. 59–64. 803:(1964), pp. 54–58. 777:(1964), pp. 51–52. 764:(1964), pp. 47–50. 751:(1964), pp. 33–34. 738:(1964), pp. 31–32. 725:(1964), pp. 30–31. 712:(1964), pp. 27–30. 686:(1964), pp. 23–24. 660:(1964), pp. 21–22. 536:Parting the Waters 468:Parting the Waters 434:Occupy Wall Street 338:Ongoing revolution 266:The Talented Tenth 83:is a 1964 book by 76: 19: 5146: 5145: 4923:Eyes on the Prize 4838:A.G. Gaston Motel 4833:Kelly Ingram Park 4793:Sweatt v. Painter 4477:Mary Louise Smith 4437:Cleveland Sellers 4422:Michael Schwerner 4387:Gloria Richardson 4167:Thurgood Marshall 4087:Bernard Lafayette 3817:John Wesley Dobbs 3331: 3330: 3050:Birmingham attack 3030:Rock Hill sit-ins 2981:Sibley Commission 2976:Nashville sit-ins 2848:Gebhart v. Belton 2834:Briggs v. Elliott 2827:Bolling v. Sharpe 2788:Sweatt v. Painter 2710: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2681:Eponymous streets 2524:Authorship issues 2452: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2214:(1957 comic book) 2077:A Different World 2054:(1978 miniseries) 1921: 1920: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1732:Bernard Lafayette 1663:James Albert King 1563: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1414:Why We Can't Wait 1235:Why We Can’t Wait 1232:Wharton, Billy. " 1214:Why We Can't Wait 1196:Why We Can't Wait 1145:Why We Can't Wait 1009:Bearing the Cross 996:Why We Can't Wait 983:Why We Can't Wait 970:Why We Can't Wait 957:Why We Can't Wait 944:Why We Can't Wait 931:Why We Can't Wait 918:Why We Can't Wait 905:Why We Can't Wait 892:Why We Can't Wait 879:Why We Can't Wait 866:Why We Can't Wait 853:Why We Can't Wait 840:Why We Can't Wait 827:Why We Can't Wait 814:Why We Can't Wait 801:Why We Can't Wait 788:Why We Can't Wait 775:Why We Can't Wait 762:Why We Can't Wait 749:Why We Can't Wait 736:Why We Can't Wait 723:Why We Can't-Wait 710:Why We Can't Wait 697:Why We Can't Wait 684:Why We Can't Wait 671:Why We Can't Wait 658:Why We Can't Wait 633:Why We Can't Wait 620:Why We Can't Wait 607:Why We Can't Wait 594:Why We Can't Wait 581:Why We Can't Wait 550:Bearing the Cross 523:Why We Can't Wait 502:Why We Can't Wait 426:Why We Can't Wait 408:Why We Can't Wait 260:, the elitism of 146:Why We Can't Wait 80:Why We Can't Wait 66: 65: 5186: 5137: 5136: 5100:Charles M. Payne 5085:Steven F. Lawson 5075:David Halberstam 5045:Clayborne Carson 4786:Hocutt v. Wilson 4733:W. E. B. Du Bois 4582:Sammy Younge Jr. 4567:Q. V. Williamson 4532:Wyatt Tee Walker 4397:Bernice Robinson 4342:Lincoln Ragsdale 4332:Rodney N. Powell 4227:Douglas E. Moore 4102:Sanford R. Leigh 4037:J. Charles Jones 3912:Fannie Lou Hamer 3827:Joseph Ellwanger 3787:Jonathan Daniels 3777:Claudette Colvin 3767:Annie Lee Cooper 3752:Kathleen Cleaver 3747:Eldridge Cleaver 3722:Shirley Chisholm 3612:Gloria Blackwell 3203:workers' murders 3150:"I Have a Dream" 3045:Anniston bombing 2996:Greenville Eight 2911:Little Rock Nine 2874:Browder v. Gayle 2762: 2761: 2737: 2730: 2723: 2714: 2713: 2618:Pueblo, Colorado 2549:Oval Office bust 2458: 2457: 2441: 2432: 2423: 2405: 2393: 2376: 2366: 2357: 2348: 2335: 2322: 2313: 2300: 2291: 2278: 2265: 2252: 2239: 2215: 2194: 2184: 2174: 2164: 2143: 2129: 2119: 2105: 2095: 2081: 2070: 2055: 2034: 2024: 2014: 2004: 1994: 1984: 1974: 1964: 1954: 1938: 1937: 1927: 1926: 1848: 1847: 1831: 1823: 1815: 1807: 1799: 1791: 1783: 1775: 1767: 1759: 1751: 1743: 1735: 1727: 1719: 1711: 1703: 1695: 1674: 1666: 1658: 1650: 1642: 1634: 1626: 1618: 1610: 1602: 1594: 1580: 1579: 1569: 1568: 1552: 1544: 1536: 1525: 1517: 1509: 1501: 1493: 1485: 1477: 1469: 1461: 1438: 1428: 1418: 1408: 1399: 1395:Strength to Love 1389: 1380: 1371: 1350: 1341: 1332: 1323: 1314: 1297: 1296: 1286: 1285: 1271: 1264: 1257: 1248: 1247: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1077: 1076: 1065: 1059: 1052: 1046: 1035: 1029: 1026:via Project Muse 1018: 1012: 1005: 999: 992: 986: 979: 973: 966: 960: 953: 947: 940: 934: 927: 921: 914: 908: 901: 895: 888: 882: 875: 869: 862: 856: 849: 843: 836: 830: 823: 817: 810: 804: 797: 791: 784: 778: 771: 765: 758: 752: 745: 739: 732: 726: 719: 713: 706: 700: 693: 687: 680: 674: 667: 661: 654: 648: 642: 636: 629: 623: 616: 610: 603: 597: 590: 584: 577: 571: 564: 558: 545: 539: 532: 526: 515: 509: 498: 487: 480: 471: 464: 372: 328:Elbert P. Tuttle 262:W. E. B. Du Bois 213:Great Depression 121:Victor Weybright 58:Publication date 51:Harper & Row 29: 22: 18: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5183: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5131: 5124: 5105:Thomas E. Ricks 5095:Diane McWhorter 5080:Vincent Harding 5065:Adam Fairclough 5032: 5026: 4928: 4883:Freedom Schools 4742: 4675: 4623: 4617: 4608:Omaha, Nebraska 4596: 4512:Hartman Turnbow 4502:Dorothy Tillman 4462:Glenn E. Smiley 4442:Charles Sherrod 4402:Jo Ann Robinson 4277:Charles Neblett 4267:Elijah Muhammad 4232:Harriette Moore 4192:Floyd McKissick 4177:Franklin McCain 4112:Stanley Levison 3977:T. R. M. Howard 3927:Vincent Harding 3857:Walter Fauntroy 3742:Xernona Clayton 3692:John H. Calhoun 3677:Aurelia Browder 3667:Stanley Branche 3662:Raylawni Branch 3642:Joseph E. Boone 3627:Ezell Blair Jr. 3622:Unita Blackwell 3597:Harry Belafonte 3537:Ralph Abernathy 3525: 3461:Nation of Islam 3337: 3327: 3166: 3123:Birmingham riot 3064:Albany Movement 2986:Atlanta sit-ins 2966:Sit-in movement 2949: 2945:Biloxi wade-ins 2917:Cooper v. Aaron 2807: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2711: 2702: 2565:statue, Atlanta 2463: 2444: 2435: 2426: 2419: 2408: 2396: 2379: 2369: 2360: 2351: 2338: 2325: 2316: 2303: 2294: 2281: 2268: 2255: 2242: 2229: 2218: 2208: 2197: 2187: 2177: 2170:The Mountaintop 2167: 2157: 2146: 2132: 2122: 2108: 2098: 2084: 2073: 2061:The First Store 2058: 2048: 2037: 2027: 2017: 2007: 1997: 1987: 1977: 1967: 1963:(1999 animated) 1957: 1947: 1932: 1917: 1855: 1834: 1826: 1818: 1810: 1802: 1794: 1786: 1778: 1770: 1762: 1754: 1746: 1738: 1730: 1722: 1714: 1706: 1698: 1692:Ralph Abernathy 1690: 1683: 1677: 1669: 1661: 1653: 1645: 1637: 1629: 1621: 1613: 1605: 1597: 1589: 1574: 1555: 1547: 1539: 1528: 1520: 1512: 1504: 1496: 1488: 1480: 1474:Albany Movement 1472: 1464: 1456: 1448: 1441: 1431: 1421: 1411: 1402: 1392: 1383: 1374: 1364: 1353: 1344: 1335: 1326: 1317: 1308: 1291: 1280: 1275: 1241:Dissident Voice 1222: 1185: 1178: 1175: 1086: 1081: 1080: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1053: 1049: 1036: 1032: 1019: 1015: 1011:(1986), p. 325. 1006: 1002: 993: 989: 980: 976: 967: 963: 954: 950: 941: 937: 928: 924: 915: 911: 902: 898: 889: 885: 876: 872: 863: 859: 850: 846: 837: 833: 824: 820: 811: 807: 798: 794: 785: 781: 772: 768: 759: 755: 746: 742: 733: 729: 720: 716: 707: 703: 694: 690: 681: 677: 668: 664: 655: 651: 643: 639: 630: 626: 617: 613: 604: 600: 591: 587: 578: 574: 565: 561: 546: 542: 538:(1989), p. 910. 533: 529: 516: 512: 499: 490: 486:(2002), p. 144. 481: 474: 470:(1989), p. 804. 465: 461: 456: 417: 395: 379:organized labor 370: 340: 282: 233: 175: 166: 154: 113:Stanley Levison 105: 59: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5192: 5182: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5144: 5143: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5115:Akinyele Umoja 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4936: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4926: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4774: 4773: 4761: 4756: 4750: 4748: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4711: 4704:Mahatma Gandhi 4701: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4627: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4613:South Carolina 4610: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4552:Hosea Williams 4549: 4544: 4539: 4537:Hollis Watkins 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4467:A. Maceo Smith 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4417:Bernie Sanders 4414: 4409: 4407:Angela Russell 4404: 4399: 4394: 4392:David Richmond 4389: 4384: 4382:Walter Reuther 4379: 4374: 4369: 4367:Cordell Reagon 4364: 4359: 4354: 4352:George Raymond 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4312:Charles Person 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4282:Huey P. Newton 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4237:Harry T. Moore 4234: 4229: 4224: 4222:Cecil B. Moore 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4202:James Meredith 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4032:Clarence Jones 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3972:Zilphia Horton 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3942:Lola Hendricks 3939: 3934: 3932:Dorothy Height 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3902:Lawrence Guyot 3899: 3894: 3892:Jack Greenberg 3889: 3884: 3879: 3877:Andrew Goodman 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3802:Joseph DeLaine 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3772:Dorothy Cotton 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3717:J. L. Chestnut 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3652:Amelia Boynton 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3572:Arnold Aronson 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3341: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3318: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3231: 3226: 3219: 3212: 3207: 3206: 3205: 3198:Freedom Summer 3195: 3190: 3188:Bloody Tuesday 3185: 3180: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3164: 3159: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3105: 3104: 3103: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3015: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2908: 2903: 2902: 2901: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2878: 2877: 2865: 2860: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2837: 2830: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2792: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2766: 2759: 2749: 2748: 2740: 2739: 2732: 2725: 2717: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2640: 2638:, Indianapolis 2632: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2572: 2567: 2559: 2555:Homage to King 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2462:Related topics 2454: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2442: 2433: 2424: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2406: 2394: 2377: 2367: 2358: 2349: 2336: 2323: 2314: 2301: 2292: 2279: 2271:Happy Birthday 2266: 2253: 2240: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2216: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2185: 2175: 2165: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2130: 2120: 2106: 2096: 2082: 2071: 2066:The Jeffersons 2056: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2035: 2025: 2015: 2005: 1995: 1985: 1975: 1965: 1955: 1944: 1942: 1934: 1933: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1898: 1893: 1887: 1882: 1880:James Earl Ray 1877: 1872: 1867: 1864:Lorraine Motel 1860: 1857: 1856: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1832: 1824: 1820:Hosea Williams 1816: 1808: 1800: 1792: 1784: 1776: 1768: 1760: 1752: 1744: 1736: 1728: 1720: 1716:Dorothy Cotton 1712: 1704: 1696: 1687: 1685: 1679: 1678: 1676: 1675: 1667: 1659: 1651: 1643: 1635: 1627: 1619: 1611: 1603: 1595: 1586: 1584: 1576: 1575: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1553: 1545: 1537: 1526: 1518: 1510: 1502: 1494: 1486: 1478: 1470: 1462: 1453: 1451: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1439: 1429: 1419: 1409: 1400: 1390: 1381: 1372: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1342: 1333: 1324: 1320:I Have a Dream 1315: 1305: 1303: 1293: 1292: 1282: 1281: 1274: 1273: 1266: 1259: 1251: 1245: 1244: 1230: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1203: 1191: 1190: 1174: 1173:External links 1171: 1170: 1169: 1155: 1141: 1120: 1104:Branch, Taylor 1101: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1060: 1054:George Pyle, " 1047: 1030: 1013: 1000: 987: 974: 961: 948: 935: 922: 909: 896: 883: 870: 857: 844: 831: 818: 805: 792: 790:(1964), p. 53. 779: 766: 753: 740: 727: 714: 701: 688: 675: 662: 649: 646:Year of Africa 637: 624: 611: 609:(1964), p. 16. 598: 585: 583:(1964), p. 76. 572: 559: 557:(2010), p. 22. 540: 527: 510: 488: 472: 458: 457: 455: 452: 416: 413: 394: 391: 383:Lyndon Johnson 339: 336: 281: 278: 232: 229: 228: 227: 220: 209: 202: 192: 188: 184:Brown v. Board 174: 171: 153: 150: 128:Clarence Jones 104: 101: 64: 63: 60: 57: 54: 53: 48: 44: 43: 38: 34: 33: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5191: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5127: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5110:Timothy Tyson 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5040:Taylor Branch 5038: 5037: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4888:Freedom songs 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4754:Jim Crow laws 4752: 4751: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4651:"Oh, Freedom" 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4577:Whitney Young 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4557:Kale Williams 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4517:Albert Turner 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4507:A. P. Tureaud 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4412:Bayard Rustin 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4262:William Moyer 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4197:Joseph McNeil 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4182:Charles McDew 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4172:Benjamin Mays 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4157:Vivian Malone 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4132:Joseph Lowery 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4057:Clyde Kennard 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4047:Vernon Jordan 4045: 4043: 4042:Matthew Jones 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4007:T. J. Jemison 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3992:Jesse Jackson 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3882:Robert Graetz 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3872:Golden Frinks 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3832:Charles Evers 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3782:Vernon Dahmer 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3737:Septima Clark 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3657:Bruce Boynton 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3582:James Baldwin 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3552:Mathew Ahmann 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3449:Youth Council 3447: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3334: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3040:Freedom Rides 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2765:Prior to 1954 2763: 2760: 2757: 2750: 2745: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2459: 2455: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2345:Patti Griffin 2342: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2275:Stevie Wonder 2272: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2192: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2115:The Boondocks 2111: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1928: 1924: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1853:Assassination 1849: 1845: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1788:Bayard Rustin 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1764:Benjamin Mays 1761: 1757: 1756:Joseph Lowery 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724:Jesse Jackson 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1680: 1672: 1668: 1665:(grandfather) 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1570: 1566: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1444: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1348: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1242: 1238: 1236: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1193: 1192: 1188: 1182: 1177: 1168: 1167:9781433113031 1164: 1160: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1139:0-688-04794-7 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1123:Garrow, David 1121: 1119: 1118:9780671687427 1115: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1099:9780807128008 1096: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1074: 1070: 1064: 1057: 1051: 1044: 1040: 1034: 1027: 1023: 1017: 1010: 1004: 997: 991: 984: 978: 971: 965: 958: 952: 945: 939: 932: 926: 919: 913: 906: 900: 893: 887: 880: 874: 867: 861: 854: 848: 841: 835: 828: 822: 815: 809: 802: 796: 789: 783: 776: 770: 763: 757: 750: 744: 737: 731: 724: 718: 711: 705: 698: 692: 685: 679: 672: 666: 659: 653: 647: 641: 634: 628: 621: 615: 608: 602: 595: 589: 582: 576: 569: 563: 556: 552: 551: 544: 537: 531: 524: 520: 514: 507: 503: 497: 495: 493: 485: 479: 477: 469: 463: 459: 451: 448: 446: 445:We Can't Wait 442: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 422: 412: 409: 405: 403: 398: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 366: 364: 360: 356: 351: 347: 345: 335: 333: 329: 325: 320: 318: 313: 309: 307: 301: 299: 295: 291: 286: 277: 275: 271: 270:Marcus Garvey 267: 264:'s appeal to 263: 259: 254: 252: 247: 243: 238: 225: 221: 218: 214: 210: 207: 203: 200: 196: 193: 189: 186: 185: 180: 179: 178: 169: 161: 159: 149: 147: 143: 139: 135: 133: 132:Bayard Rustin 129: 124: 122: 118: 114: 110: 100: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 81: 72: 68: 61: 55: 52: 49: 45: 42: 39: 35: 31:First edition 28: 23: 5130: 5070:David Garrow 5050:John Dittmer 4921: 4848:Brown Chapel 4805: 4798: 4791: 4784: 4777: 4763: 4720: 4572:Andrew Young 4527:A. T. Walden 4522:C. T. Vivian 4482:Maxine Smith 4317:Homer Plessy 4297:James Orange 4252:Irene Morgan 4207:William Ming 4187:Ralph McGill 4122:Viola Liuzzo 4107:Jim Letherer 4092:James Lawson 4022:Vernon Johns 4012:Esau Jenkins 3967:Myles Horton 3917:Fred Hampton 3907:Prathia Hall 3897:Dick Gregory 3867:Marie Foster 3862:James Forman 3852:James Farmer 3837:Medgar Evers 3797:Angela Davis 3732:Ramsey Clark 3712:James Chaney 3707:Johnnie Carr 3687:Ralph Bunche 3682:H. Rap Brown 3672:Ruby Bridges 3632:Joanne Bland 3607:Claude Black 3587:Marion Barry 3557:Muhammad Ali 3384: 3320: 3313: 3274: 3252: 3221: 3214: 3056: 3017: 3010: 2940:Kissing Case 2915: 2872: 2855: 2846: 2839: 2832: 2825: 2818: 2794: 2786: 2685: 2643: 2635: 2562: 2554: 2436: 2427: 2400:(Common and 2375:(1995 album) 2370: 2363:Miri Ben-Ari 2332:James Taylor 2319:Public Enemy 2306:King Holiday 2209: 2188: 2178: 2168: 2158: 2139: 2133: 2123: 2113: 2099: 2089: 2075: 2064: 2050: 2028: 2018: 2008: 1999: 1988: 1978: 1969: 1958: 1948: 1885:Jack Kershaw 1828:Andrew Young 1812:Wyatt Walker 1804:C. T. Vivian 1780:James Orange 1740:James Lawson 1623:Bernice King 1599:Yolanda King 1533:War movement 1530:Anti-Vietnam 1449:and protests 1432: 1422: 1413: 1412: 1393: 1377:What Is Man? 1365: 1240: 1234: 1213: 1208:relating to 1201:Google Books 1194: 1158: 1144: 1130: 1126: 1107: 1090: 1084:Bibliography 1072: 1063: 1050: 1042: 1033: 1021: 1016: 1008: 1003: 995: 990: 982: 977: 969: 964: 956: 951: 943: 938: 930: 925: 917: 912: 904: 899: 891: 886: 878: 873: 865: 860: 852: 847: 839: 834: 826: 821: 813: 808: 800: 795: 787: 782: 774: 769: 761: 756: 748: 743: 735: 730: 722: 717: 709: 704: 696: 691: 683: 678: 670: 665: 657: 652: 640: 632: 627: 619: 614: 606: 601: 593: 588: 580: 575: 567: 562: 554: 548: 543: 535: 530: 522: 518: 513: 506:Encyclopedia 505: 483: 467: 462: 449: 438: 425: 419: 418: 407: 406: 399: 396: 367: 352: 348: 341: 321: 317:Ku Klux Klan 314: 310: 302: 287: 283: 255: 251:Ralph Bunche 241: 234: 182: 176: 163: 155: 145: 144: 140: 136: 125: 106: 79: 78: 77: 67: 5090:Doug McAdam 5060:Chuck Fager 4687:Nonviolence 4592:James Zwerg 4587:Bob Zellner 4547:Roy Wilkins 4497:Hank Thomas 4432:Pete Seeger 4427:Bobby Seale 4292:Jack O'Dell 4287:Edgar Nixon 4217:Amzie Moore 4212:Jack Minnis 4152:Mae Mallory 4137:Clara Luper 4097:Bernard Lee 3987:Cecil Ivory 3982:Ruby Hurley 3952:Oliver Hill 3947:Aaron Henry 3847:Chuck Fager 3807:Dave Dennis 3697:Guy Carawan 3637:Julian Bond 3602:James Bevel 3592:Daisy Bates 2863:Emmett Till 2746:(1954–1968) 2608:Mexico City 2598:Jersey City 2402:John Legend 2354:Jason Upton 2202:Illustrated 2190:All the Way 2160:The Meeting 2033:(2023 film) 2003:(2016 film) 2000:All the Way 1993:(2014 film) 1973:(2001 film) 1901:Loyd Jowers 1830:(colleague) 1822:(colleague) 1814:(colleague) 1806:(colleague) 1798:(colleague) 1782:(colleague) 1774:(colleague) 1758:(colleague) 1750:(colleague) 1742:(colleague) 1734:(colleague) 1718:(colleague) 1708:James Bevel 1702:(colleague) 1671:Alveda King 1615:Dexter King 1500:(1963–1964) 1476:(1961–1962) 1460:(1955–1956) 387:nonviolence 294:Bull Connor 5153:Categories 5033:historians 4714:Satyagraha 4680:Influences 4372:James Reeb 4307:James Peck 4302:Rosa Parks 4272:Diane Nash 4142:Danny Lyon 4117:John Lewis 4062:A. D. King 3962:James Hood 3577:Ella Baker 3547:Zev Aelony 2666:Paris park 2388:featuring 2249:John Fahey 2042:Television 1772:Diane Nash 1748:John Lewis 1700:Ella Baker 1655:A. D. King 1625:(daughter) 1601:(daughter) 1153:0451527534 644:See also: 454:References 363:television 280:Birmingham 242:politicize 237:nonviolent 158:nonviolent 119:publisher 4692:Padayatra 4641:"Kumbaya" 4601:By region 4257:Bob Moses 4162:Bob Mants 4147:Malcolm X 4067:C.B. King 3887:Fred Gray 3530:Activists 3171:1964–1968 2954:1960–1963 2812:1954–1959 2644:The Dream 2603:Milwaukee 2390:will.i.am 1790:(advisor) 1726:(protĂ©gĂ©) 1657:(brother) 1447:Movements 1043:Adbusters 428:(and the 421:Adbusters 173:Why 1963? 47:Publisher 4622:Movement 4052:Tom Kahn 3336:Activist 2756:timeline 1766:(mentor) 1649:(sister) 1641:(mother) 1633:(father) 1407:" (1963) 1379:" (1959) 1358:Writings 1349:" (1968) 1340:" (1967) 1331:" (1965) 1322:" (1963) 1313:" (1957) 1301:Speeches 1220:Articles 1125:(1986). 1106:(1989). 1007:Garrow, 547:Garrow, 534:Branch, 517:Mieder, 466:Branch, 246:tokenism 4747:Related 4337:Al Raby 3292:funeral 3155:Big Six 2593:Houston 2578:Atlanta 2514:Big Six 2482:passage 2413:Related 2398:"Glory" 2382:A Dream 2262:Strawbs 2180:I Dream 2142:, 2024) 2118:, 2006) 2094:, 1997) 2080:, 1993) 2069:, 1980) 2020:MLK/FBI 1970:Boycott 1875:Funeral 1684:leaders 1673:(niece) 359:AFL–CIO 330:in the 199:of Asia 187:(1954). 152:Outline 103:Writing 4933:Legacy 4709:Ahimsa 3338:groups 2799:(1950) 2791:(1950) 2752:Events 2613:Newark 2588:Denver 2583:Boston 2386:Common 2299:" (U2) 2193:(2012) 2183:(2010) 2173:(2009) 2163:(1987) 2135:Genius 2104:(1999) 2030:Rustin 1892:(HSCA) 1593:(wife) 1583:Family 1573:People 1551:(1968) 1543:(1968) 1535:(1967) 1524:(1966) 1516:(1966) 1508:(1965) 1492:(1963) 1484:(1963) 1468:(1957) 1437:(1967) 1427:(1967) 1417:(1964) 1398:(1963) 1370:(1958) 1165:  1151:  1137:  1116:  1097:  994:King, 981:King, 968:King, 955:King, 942:King, 929:King, 916:King, 903:King, 890:King, 877:King, 864:King, 851:King, 838:King, 825:King, 812:King, 799:King, 786:King, 773:King, 760:King, 747:King, 734:King, 721:King, 708:King, 695:King, 682:King, 669:King, 656:King, 631:King, 618:King, 605:King, 592:King, 579:King, 566:Bass, 482:Bass, 424:cited 415:Legacy 191:South. 168:today. 37:Author 5031:Noted 4624:songs 3444:NAACP 3297:riots 2223:Music 2151:Plays 2140:MLK/X 1990:Selma 1931:Media 1906:Trial 1870:Riots 1682:Other 1617:(son) 1609:(son) 197:(and 2236:Dion 2051:King 1941:Film 1212:and 1163:ISBN 1149:ISBN 1135:ISBN 1114:ISBN 1095:ISBN 211:The 62:1964 2384:" ( 2343:" ( 2330:" ( 2308:" ( 2297:MLK 2286:" ( 2273:" ( 2260:" ( 2247:" ( 2234:" ( 2063:" ( 1239:". 1199:on 1041:", 504:", 371:now 308:". 5155:: 2288:U2 1133:. 1129:. 1071:. 491:^ 475:^ 436:. 404:. 334:. 4901:" 4897:" 3242:" 3238:" 3082:" 3078:" 2900:" 2896:" 2758:) 2754:( 2736:e 2729:t 2722:v 2404:) 2392:) 2380:" 2365:) 2356:) 2347:) 2339:" 2334:) 2326:" 2321:) 2312:) 2304:" 2295:" 2290:) 2282:" 2277:) 2269:" 2264:) 2256:" 2251:) 2243:" 2238:) 2230:" 2138:( 2112:( 2088:( 2059:" 1403:" 1388:" 1384:" 1375:" 1345:" 1336:" 1327:" 1318:" 1309:" 1270:e 1263:t 1256:v 1075:. 1037:" 1028:. 500:"

Index


Martin Luther King Jr.
Harper & Row

Martin Luther King Jr.
racial segregation in the United States
Birmingham campaign
civil rights movement
Letter from Birmingham Jail
Stanley Levison
New American Library
Victor Weybright
Clarence Jones
Bayard Rustin
nonviolent
Brown v. Board
Decolonization of Africa
of Asia
Emancipation Proclamation
Great Depression
economic inequality
nonviolent direct action
nonviolent
tokenism
Ralph Bunche
Booker T. Washington
W. E. B. Du Bois
The Talented Tenth
Marcus Garvey
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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