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2418:'s government mentioned it occasionally, but did not believe the world was yet in the advanced stage of development where the state could wither away. He believed that at least in the short term the state had to have enough power to strike back against those elements seeking to derail the ultimate victory of
2355:
before himâin a socialist society public organization would become primarily concerned with technical issues such as the optimal allocation of resources and determination of production as opposed to drafting and enforcing laws and thus the traditional state functions would gradually become irrelevant
2237:
The interference of the state power in social relations becomes superfluous in one sphere after another, and then ceases of itself. The government of persons is replaced by the administration of things and the direction of the processes of production. The state is not "abolished", it withers away.
2641:
At first, Marx and
Proudhon were friends. They held in common certain fundamental ideas such as the withering away of the state, the elimination of unearned incomes and exploitation, the disappearance of money, and the creation of a classless
2272:
The society which organizes production anew on the basis of free and equal association of the producers will put the whole state machinery where it will then belongâinto the museum of antiquities, next to the spinning wheel and the bronze
2356:
and unnecessary for the functioning of society. Engels argued that the state transforms itself from a "government of people" to an "administration of things" and thus would not be a state in the traditional sense of the term.
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The notion of the dictatorship of the proletariat was undoubtedly formulated by Marx only cautiously: it can only be defined in relation to its dialectical negation, which would be the withering away of the
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101:
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there was a
Proudhonist aspiration to unleash a revolution from below, in which initiative would remain with the people and central power wither away.
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2397:(which demands the immediate abolition of the state with no perceived need for any "temporary" post-revolutionary institution of the state).
61:
2797:
The
Commune, wrote Lenin, had demonstrated how 'the state begins to wither away' as bureaucracy is destroyed and power seized by the people.
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Proudhon wants to grab by the root what he regards as the present world's most potent instruments of oppression: hierarchy and government.
56:
2422:. The Stalin-era Soviet Union marginalized the notion of the withering of the state, as the state became more powerful and entrenched.
201:
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to induce individuals to behave in a way that benefits the entire society. Such a society would occur after a temporary period of the
2347:
The idea of the communist society proceeds from the concept of the transformation of the state in a previous stage of society called
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2375:. In a communist society, the social classes would disappear and the means of production would have no single owner, hence such a
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2622:. Self-governing Socialism: A Reader, Volume 1. White Plains, New York: International Arts and Sciences Press. p. 14.
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will eventually become obsolete and cease to exist as society will be able to govern itself without the state and its
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2332:(1870-1924)âwould later expand on it. According to this concept of the withering away of the state, eventually a
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and
Proudhon's antagonism towards the state proved uncomfortable bedfellows, and the two thinkers parted company
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2604:(1975). "A New Social System in the Making: Historical Origins and Development of Self-governing Socialism". In
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2660:. Princeton Legacy Library (reprint ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 94.
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Ritter, Alan (8 December 2015) . "Proudhon as a
Radical Critic of Established Institutions".
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2732:(11 June 2014) . "'The Political Form At Last Discovered?': The Commune as Government".
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The concept of the withering away of the state differentiates traditional
Marxism from
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This scenario depended on Marx's view of coercive power as a tool of those who own the
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1973:
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2320:
Although Engels first introduced the terminology of "the withering away of the
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2459:
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2408:, Lenin supported the idea of the withering away of the state as seen in his
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1782:
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1642:
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1427:
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937:
883:
857:
615:
396:
3010:
Surin, Kenneth (1990). "Marxism(s) and 'The
Withering Away of the State'".
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2697:. Translated by Murdock, Shaun; Berthier, René; Cohn, Jesse S. AK Press.
2499:
2368:
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Some trace the concept of the state withering away back to the early
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2013:
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From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs
2390:(which accepts the retention of the institution of the state) and
2945:
2196:
787:
31:
2907:
2864:
Bloom, Solomon F. (1946). "The "Withering Away" of the State".
2772:(11 June 2014) . "Consequences, Representations and Meanings".
782:
2148:
317:
Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice
2812:
Remaking the
Chinese State: Strategies, Society, and Security
2808:
2324:", he attributed the underlying concept to Marx, and other
282:
2691:
Ansart, Pierre (26 September 2023) . Jamil, Cayce (ed.).
2380:
102:
The Origin of the Family, Private
Property and the State
2959:"The Withering Away of the State â From Marx to Stalin"
2937:
Origins of the Family, Private Property, and the State
2351:. Engels posits thatâsimilar to the arguments made by
2265:
Origins of the Family, Private Property, and the State
2258:'The state is not "abolished", it atrophies.')
2778:. Turning Points. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 200.
2429:
2203:
referring to the idea that, with the realization of
2738:. Turning Points. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 76.
2496:Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Political Thought
2249:Der Staat wird nicht âabgeschafftâ, er stirbt ab.
3042:
2619:Self-governing Socialism: Historical development
2383:and a stateless communist society will develop.
2305:. Proudhon's ideas on withering influenced the
2898:"Part III: Socialism. Chapter II: Theoretical"
2802:
2294:(1809-1865). However, Marx's advocacy for the
2316:Vladimir Lenin who later expanded on the idea
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62:The Condition of the Working Class in England
57:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
2657:Political Thought of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
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202:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
77:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
2815:. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 2.
2489:
2472:
2311:
2809:Jianmin Zhao; Bruce J. Dickson (2001).
2262:A related quote from Engels comes from
2218:
312:The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany
3043:
2989:Yugoslavia: A State That Withered Away
2926:
2892:
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988:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
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2554:The Encyclopedia of Political Science
1901:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory
272:Change the World Without Taking Power
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2227:, who wrote in part 3, chapter 2 of
2548:Kurian, George Thomas, ed. (2011).
227:Marxism and the Oppression of Women
157:Theses on the Philosophy of History
13:
2950:Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company
2857:
2286:of the 1840s and to the socialist
2277:
14:
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2528:
247:Time, Labor and Social Domination
2969:Socialist Party of Great Britain
2957:Hardcastle, Edgar (March 1946).
2932:"IX. Barbarism and Civilization"
2432:
2147:
2135:
2123:
1959:21st-century communist theorists
297:Towards Socialism or Capitalism?
212:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
132:Essays on Marx's Theory of Value
38:
2866:Journal of the History of Ideas
2342:dictatorship of the proletariat
2296:dictatorship of the proletariat
661:Theory of historical trajectory
539:Dictatorship of the proletariat
237:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy
137:History and Class Consciousness
92:Critique of the Gotha Programme
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459:Socially necessary labour time
357:Philosophy in the Soviet Union
242:The Sublime Object of Ideology
167:A Critique of Soviet Economics
1:
2550:"Withering Away of the State"
2492:"Withering away of the state"
2490:Scrutton, Roger, ed. (2007).
2465:
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380:Critique of political economy
417:Falling profit-rate tendency
192:The Society of the Spectacle
7:
2570:10.4135/9781608712434.n1646
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2193:Withering away of the state
1891:Capitalism Nature Socialism
407:Concrete and abstract labor
292:Capital in the Anthropocene
217:Social Justice and the City
112:The Accumulation of Capital
10:
3087:
3061:Quotations from literature
162:Dialectic of Enlightenment
307:Literature and Revolution
267:Late Victorian Holocausts
197:Pedagogy of the Oppressed
182:The Wretched of the Earth
2616:; Kramer, Helen (eds.).
2411:The State and Revolution
257:The Origin of Capitalism
127:The State and Revolution
2993:Purdue University Press
2848:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2379:will no longer require
2336:will no longer require
2223:The phrase stems from
963:MarxismâLeninismâMaoism
606:Relations of production
489:Base and superstructure
342:Dialectical materialism
302:The Revolution Betrayed
122:Terrorism and Communism
117:Philosophical Notebooks
72:The Communist Manifesto
3056:Political catchphrases
2775:The Paris Commune 1871
2735:The Paris Commune 1871
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2248:
1906:Historical Materialism
651:Proletarian revolution
646:Primitive accumulation
641:Historical determinism
2455:Post-scarcity economy
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2142:Philosophy portal
1936:Science & Society
554:Democratic centralism
412:Factors of production
277:Caliban and the Witch
222:Women, Race and Class
2694:Proudhon's Sociology
2353:Henri de Saint-Simon
2219:Origin of the phrase
2213:coercive enforcement
2154:Socialism portal
2130:Communism portal
1999:History of communism
1994:Economic determinism
1979:Criticism of Marxism
1969:Creative destruction
729:Marxism and religion
449:Scientific socialism
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232:Imagined Communities
97:Dialectics of Nature
2912:Progress Publishers
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1886:Capital & Class
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514:Commodity fetishism
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147:The Black Jacobins
16:Concept in Marxism
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2822:978-0-415-25583-7
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2377:stateless society
2334:communist society
2326:Marxist theorists
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2190:
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2031:Political ecology
2009:Marxian economics
948:Council communism
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843:Neue Marx-LektĂŒre
805:Regulation school
694:Cultural analysis
586:Lumpenproletariat
529:Cultural hegemony
519:Communist society
509:Classless society
444:Productive forces
177:Guerrilla Warfare
50:Theoretical works
3078:
3066:1870s quotations
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2940:. Translated by
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2564:. p. 1776.
2545:
2526:
2525:
2498:(3rd ed.).
2487:
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2440:Communism portal
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2373:capitalist state
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601:Private property
142:Prison Notebooks
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2506:. p. 736.
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1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
929:
926:Other variants
924:
923:
920:
919:
914:
913:
912:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
868:
867:
863:
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
822:
821:
815:
814:
813:
812:
810:Third-worldist
807:
802:
797:
796:
795:
790:
785:
780:
770:
762:
761:
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
719:Historiography
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
636:Class struggle
632:
627:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
591:Metabolic rift
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
485:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
440:
439:
434:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
383:
378:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:
367:Marxist ethics
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
333:
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
207:Ways of Seeing
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
53:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3083:
3072:
3071:Socialist law
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3039:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3018:(27): 35â54.
3017:
3013:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2824:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2805:
2798:
2787:
2785:9781317883852
2781:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2770:Tombs, Robert
2765:
2758:
2747:
2745:9781317883852
2741:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2730:Tombs, Robert
2725:
2718:
2706:
2704:9781849355209
2700:
2696:
2695:
2687:
2680:
2669:
2667:9781400878567
2663:
2659:
2658:
2650:
2643:
2631:
2629:9780873320504
2625:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2579:9781933116440
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2513:9781849724784
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2461:
2460:State failure
2458:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:Joseph Stalin
2413:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2307:Paris Commune
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Revolutionary
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Authoritarian
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
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1889:
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1879:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Moufawad-Paul
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
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1801:
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1516:
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1471:
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1399:
1396:
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1371:
1369:
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1234:
1231:
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1226:
1224:
1221:
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1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
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1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
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1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
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1089:
1086:
1084:
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1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
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1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1002:
1001:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
953:Eurocommunism
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
938:Austromarxism
936:
934:
931:
930:
927:
922:
921:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
884:Communization
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
869:
865:
864:
859:
858:Praxis School
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
823:
820:
817:
816:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:
760:
757:
756:
748:
747:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
670:
669:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
630:
625:
624:
617:
616:Working class
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
483:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
397:Crisis theory
395:
392:
388:
385:
384:
381:
376:
375:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
334:
331:
326:
325:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
51:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
3038:
3015:
3011:
2988:
2985:JoviÄ, Dejan
2962:
2935:
2903:Anti-DĂŒhring
2901:
2869:
2865:
2846:
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2811:
2804:
2796:
2789:. Retrieved
2774:
2764:
2756:
2749:. Retrieved
2734:
2724:
2715:
2708:. Retrieved
2693:
2686:
2678:
2671:. Retrieved
2656:
2649:
2640:
2633:. Retrieved
2618:
2596:
2553:
2495:
2409:
2406:Soviet Union
2399:
2392:anti-statist
2385:
2358:
2346:
2319:
2281:
2271:
2263:
2261:
2236:
2230:Anti-DĂŒhring
2228:
2222:
2215:of the law.
2192:
2191:
2026:Municipalism
1838:Bhattacharya
983:Situationist
958:Instrumental
611:State theory
576:Immiseration
571:Human nature
561:Exploitation
391:accumulation
3012:Social Text
2828:26 December
2791:7 September
2751:7 September
2710:7 September
2673:7 September
2635:7 September
2614:Supek, Rudi
2500:Basingstoke
2369:bourgeoisie
2328:âincluding
2303: 1847
1989:Communalism
1388:Wallerstein
978:Revisionist
709:Film theory
689:Criminology
684:Archaeology
596:Proletariat
581:Imperialism
494:Bourgeoisie
469:Wage labour
362:Reification
152:On Practice
3045:Categories
2466:References
2371:) and the
2046:Democratic
1911:Mediations
1523:Przeworski
1463:Poulantzas
1313:Sivanandan
1268:Bettelheim
1168:Horkheimer
1163:MariĂĄtegui
1138:Pashukanis
1063:Liebknecht
993:Wertkritik
933:Analytical
793:Trotskyism
768:Autonomist
759:Structural
739:Philosophy
679:Aesthetics
464:Value-form
432:Capitalist
337:Alienation
330:Philosophy
82:Grundrisse
2977:0037-8259
2930:(1909) .
2920:815612952
2896:(1947) .
2843:Stalinism
2588:221178956
2522:857590425
2420:communism
2395:anarchism
2349:socialism
2309:of 1871.
2290:theorist
2288:anarchist
2284:Karl Marx
2241:âčSee Tfdâș
2205:socialism
2093:Economism
2056:Reformist
2036:Socialism
1984:Communism
1964:Anarchism
1818:Coulthard
1743:McDonnell
1703:Screpanti
1613:Rowbotham
1478:Harnecker
1288:Althusser
1228:Deutscher
1068:Kollontai
1058:Luxemburg
1038:Plekhanov
968:Nkrumaism
879:Classical
853:Political
778:Guevarism
734:Sociology
714:Geography
534:Democracy
482:Sociology
437:Socialist
402:Commodity
2987:(2008).
2642:society.
2562:CQ Press
2426:See also
2414:(1917).
2338:coercion
2292:Proudhon
2268:(1884):
2233:(1878):
2019:Old Left
2014:New Left
1881:Antipode
1875:Journals
1778:Heinrich
1753:Roediger
1748:Douzinas
1738:Hennessy
1693:Holloway
1608:Hartsock
1598:Eagleton
1583:Federici
1558:Bannerji
1533:Therborn
1513:RanciĂšre
1508:Easthope
1488:Anderson
1483:Altvater
1383:O'Connor
1378:MĂ©szĂĄros
1373:Guattari
1328:Thompson
1318:Miliband
1298:Williams
1283:Hobsbawm
1258:Emmanuel
1238:Beauvoir
1203:Lefebvre
1148:Benjamin
1113:Bukharin
1093:Zinoviev
1088:Grossman
1073:Bogdanov
1048:Connolly
1028:Lafargue
973:Orthodox
943:Centrist
894:Leninism
889:Feminist
838:Humanist
819:Hegelian
347:Ideology
24:a series
22:Part of
3051:Marxism
2946:Chicago
2886:2707273
2845:at the
2404:of the
2400:In the
2256:
2197:Marxist
2118:Outline
2071:Utopian
1848:Srnicek
1833:Toscano
1828:Seymour
1783:Prashad
1733:Sankara
1728:Berardi
1713:Hampton
1688:Burawoy
1658:Panitch
1653:Haraway
1643:Cleaver
1628:Brenner
1593:Balibar
1548:Postone
1538:Losurdo
1468:Vattimo
1438:Gonzalo
1433:Jameson
1423:Parenti
1363:Liebman
1358:Guevara
1248:Nkrumah
1243:Sombart
1218:Padmore
1188:Kalecki
1183:Marcuse
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