397:, two memorials were dedicated to King in the city, with both dedications featuring demonstrations regarding the strike. At one, protestors drew parallels between their own movement and the Memphis sanitation strike that King had been protesting in favor of when he was assassinated. At the other, King Sr. defended Jackson's actions against the strikers and recommended that the mayor "fire the hell out of them". Coincidentally, the Memphis sanitation strike from nine years earlier was conducted by that city's chapter of the AFSCME. Again drawing parallels to the Memphis sanitation strike, Lawson, who had participated in the strike, compared Jackson's actions to those of Memphis mayor
303:
yearly income of $ 7,000. Presented to the city on March 10, the demand for a raise was, according to
Jackson, "a package equating almost $ 10 million" that the city could not afford. The AFSCME refuted this by pointing out how the city government had a $ 11.4 million dollar contingency fund and had a $ 9.3 million surplus carried over from 1976. As an agreement could not be reached, a strike appeared eminent. On March 27, the AFSCME ran advertisements in
418:, was sympathetic to Jackson in its editorials. Expressing the sentiment of the middle and upper class black citizenry, they questioned the AFSCME's rationale for attacking a black mayor during a time when African Americans were beginning to gain more political power in the region. In another editorial, they asked, “Why stir up a virtual racial civil strike, when we are striving to get a black elected to Congress?”
290:, then Vice Mayor of Atlanta, steadfastly supported the strikers, calling their wages "a disgrace before God". Ultimately, Jackson's support contributed to the mayor rehiring the fired workers and renegotiating a pay increase for the workers. Several years later, in 1973, Jackson was elected the first black mayor of Atlanta, in an election where he had received endorsements from the
457:. He argues that Jackson "had made it permissible to use a tactic that AFSCME had once associated only with white 'southern-type city officials'". McCartin also alleges that Jackson's staunch opposition to the strike was a way of appeasing white civic and business communities, helping with his chances in that year's mayoral election, which Jackson won with 63.6% of the vote.
333:
On March 28, the approximately 1,300 members of AFSCME Local 1644 went on strike, demanding a $ 0.50 hourly raise. The next day, Jackson announced that strikers not returning to work within 48 hours would be permanently replaced. On April 1, following through on this, he fired 900 workers and began
302:
occurred. Workers cited an agreement that said they didn't have to work in temperatures below 25 degrees, but many of those who walked out were docked half their pay. Additionally, workers had been calling for a $ 0.50 hourly raise that would have increased their annual earnings about $ 1,000 to a
297:
By the mid-1970s, sanitation workers in
Atlanta had become more vocal about a pay increase. In July 1976, AFSCME Local 1644 had voted to go on strike, but this was called off after Jackson instituted a temporary $ 200 annual raise and promised to find additional funds for the workers. However, by
421:
Two weeks after the firings of April 1, trash pick-up was back to 79% of its pre-strike level. By April 16, 737 new employees had been hired to replace the strikers, and 459 of those who had been fired reapplied for their previous jobs at lower pay under the
945:
430:
reported that the mayor had "crushed" the strike. The union acquiesced on April 29, officially ending the strike. By the end of the year, many of the workers involved in the strike had returned to their original job.
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235:
resisted the strike, firing over 900 striking workers on April 1. By April 16, many of the striking workers had returned to their previous jobs, and by April 29 the strike was officially ended.
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231:(AFSCME) agreed to strike. The main goal of the strike was a $ 0.50 hourly wage increase. With support from many community groups, Atlanta mayor
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449:
many years later, argued that
Jackson's actions during the strike, including his mass firing and replacing of the workers, set a precedent for
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408:, as it essentially pitted the city's first African American mayor against a group of workers who were predominately African American. The
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1002:" "Fire the Hell out of Them": Sanitation Workers' Struggles and the Normalization of the Striker Replacement Strategy in the 1970s"
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350:, unfurled a large banner that said "Maynard's Word is Garbage". The strikers also had the support of the
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During the late 1960s and early 1970s, several major cities in the United States, and in particular the
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In 1970, sanitation workers in
Atlanta went on strike, demanding an increase in pay. Atlanta Mayor
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354:, which criticized Jackson for using "black workers as political pawns". Additionally,
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Power to the Poor: Black-Brown
Coalition and the Fight for Economic Justice, 1960-1974
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as a simpler black-white affair rooted in a long tradition of grass-roots activism."
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immediately hiring replacement workers. Over the course of the strike, the strikers
259:, both in 1968. Many of these labor disputes were also seen as a part of the larger
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The Legend of the Black Mecca: Politics and Class in the Making of Modern
Atlanta
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Despite this, Jackson had broad support in his opposition to the strikers. The
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Freedom in the Family: A Mother-Daughter Memoir of the Fight for Civil Rights
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and difference in working conditions between the
African Americans and
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325:. The next day, members of AFSCME Local 1644 voted to go on strike.
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212:
51:
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Dixie Be Damned: 300 Years of
Insurrection in the American South
837:"Mayor Appears to Have Crushed Strike by Atlanta Sanitationmen"
751:
African-American Mayors: Race, Politics, and the
American City
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opposed the strike and fired the workers, replacing them with
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1832:
American
Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
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American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
229:
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
95:
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
928:"Sanitation Workers' Strike in Atlanta Loaded With Ironies"
267:, and the fundamental issue behind many of the strikes was
653:"'Atlanta Way' challenged after violent night of protests"
524:
512:
393:, supported Jackson. On April 4, the anniversary of the
901:"When the Black Political Class Betrayed Black Workers"
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748:Colburn, David R.; Adler, Jeffrey S., eds. (2001).
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443:, writing about the strike in the academic journal
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493:, p. 116: "...the Memphis strike appeared to
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227:in January, on March 28 the local chapter of the
33:post–civil rights era in African-American history
1793:
777:Due, Tananarive; Due, Patricia Stephens (2003).
721:
651:Suggs, Ernie; Bentley, Rosalind (May 31, 2020).
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298:1977, the situation had worsened. In January, a
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1837:Sanitation labor disputes in the United States
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134:
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518:
1384:Cotton States and International Exposition
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127:
961:Shirley, Neal; Stafford, Saralee (2015).
424:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
389:, father of deceased civil rights leader
263:, as many of those striking tended to be
472:St. Petersburg sanitation strike of 1968
375:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
321:criticizing Jackson and accusing him of
1601:History of African Americans in Atlanta
898:
869:
576:
490:
434:
395:assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
328:
1827:April 1977 events in the United States
1822:March 1977 events in the United States
1812:Labor disputes in Georgia (U.S. state)
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1051:
948:from the original on November 14, 2020
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776:
715:
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638:
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593:
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148:
1088:Buildings listed on National Register
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925:
857:from the original on November 7, 2020
614:
385:all supported Jackson. Additionally,
342:, and, during a nationally televised
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1642:Former neighborhoods and settlements
1404:Atlanta International Pop Festival (
913:from the original on August 28, 2020
834:
730:
455:1981 air traffic controllers strike
404:The strikes divided the opinion of
338:, dumped garbage on the grounds of
13:
1842:1970s strikes in the United States
1493:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills strike
1107:Demolished public housing projects
991:
878:University of North Carolina Press
814:University of North Carolina Press
352:Coalition of Black Trade Unionists
14:
1853:
1399:Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.
669:from the original on June 4, 2020
201:Atlanta sanitation strike of 1977
26:Atlanta sanitation strike of 1977
926:Scott, Austin (April 17, 1977).
658:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
257:St. Petersburg sanitation strike
1802:1977 labor disputes and strikes
1596:History of Hispanics in Atlanta
1372:International Cotton Exposition
1252:Public schools cheating scandal
1228:Centennial Olympic Park bombing
899:Prescod, Paul (April 1, 2020).
740:
644:
1621:History of the Jews in Atlanta
1416:Democratic National Convention
835:King, Wayne (April 17, 1977).
467:2018 Atlanta sanitation strike
1:
1752:Western and Atlantic Railroad
1350:Interstate 85 bridge collapse
1338:Bluffton University bus crash
477:
348:Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium
238:
72:$ 0.50 hourly salary increase
1817:1977 in Georgia (U.S. state)
1246:Shooting of Kathryn Johnston
756:University of Illinois Press
362:, and civil rights activist
7:
1781:Timeline of Atlanta history
1332:Air France Flight 007 crash
1282:Northside Hospital shooting
1150:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain
870:Mantler, Gordon K. (2013).
806:Hobson, Maurice J. (2017).
548:Shirley & Stafford 2015
460:
453:that was later seen in the
371:Atlanta Chamber of Commerce
360:Congress of Racial Equality
10:
1858:
1647:Annexations and city wards
1529:School bus drivers' strike
1270:Killing of Rayshard Brooks
1240:Day trading firm shootings
416:African American newspaper
406:Atlanta's black population
245:Southeastern United States
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1567:Atlanta Eagle police raid
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1258:Shooting of Scout Schultz
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1155:Battle of Peachtree Creek
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253:Memphis sanitation strike
247:, experienced strikes by
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42:March 28 – April 29, 1977
38:
30:
25:
1344:Tornado strikes downtown
1234:Otherside Lounge bombing
1130:Atlanta in the Civil War
519:Colburn & Adler 2001
1725:Atlanta Transit Company
1657:History of Georgia Tech
1637:History by neighborhood
1546:Library perversion case
1097:(Atlanta in DeKalb Co.)
1092:(Atlanta in Fulton Co.)
312:The Wall Street Journal
1145:Battle of Jonesborough
391:Martin Luther King Jr.
387:Martin Luther King Sr.
366:supported the strike.
1700:George Floyd protests
1140:Battle of Ezra Church
1012:Duke University Press
261:civil rights movement
1160:Battle of Utoy Creek
1102:Demolished buildings
435:Aftermath and legacy
329:Course of the strike
1606:Demographic history
1378:Piedmont Exposition
1326:Winecoff Hotel fire
998:McCartin, Joseph A.
933:The Washington Post
451:striker replacement
411:Atlanta Daily World
358:, cofounder of the
318:The Washington Star
1776:History of Atlanta
1616:Racial segregation
1487:Washerwomen strike
1464:WrestleMania XXVII
1391:Gone with the Wind
1320:Great Atlanta Fire
1210:Peyton Road affair
1198:Leo Frank lynching
1165:Burning of Atlanta
1083:Historic districts
1067:Standing Peachtree
1053:History of Atlanta
842:The New York Times
507:Due & Due 2003
441:Joseph A. McCartin
428:The New York Times
414:, Atlanta's major
306:The New York Times
249:sanitation workers
223:. Precipitated by
209:sanitation workers
150:Sanitation strikes
91:Sanitation workers
1789:
1788:
1523:Sanitation strike
1517:Sanitation strike
1422:Super Bowl XXVIII
1264:Ransomware attack
1135:Battle of Atlanta
978:978-1-84935-207-9
887:978-1-4696-0806-8
823:978-1-46963-536-1
794:978-0-307-52534-5
765:978-0-252-02634-8
340:Atlanta City Hall
269:income inequality
265:African Americans
194:
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117:
116:
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1807:1970s in Atlanta
1736:Historic ferries
1731:Historic bridges
1553:Lonesome Cowboys
1499:Streetcar strike
1299:Opera in Atlanta
1125:Atlanta Campaign
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1683:Atlanta sit-ins
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1458:Summer Olympics
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1304:Arts in Atlanta
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992:Further reading
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288:Maynard Jackson
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1708:(2021–present)
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1694:Occupy Atlanta
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344:Atlanta Braves
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1216:Child murders
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1199:
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1190:
1187:
1186:Race massacre
1184:
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1128:
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1003:
1000:(Fall 2005).
999:
996:
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984:
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966:
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947:
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935:
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929:
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868:
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848:
844:
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829:
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819:
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811:
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804:
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786:
782:
781:
775:
771:
767:
761:
757:
753:
752:
746:
745:
732:
727:
725:
718:, p. 88.
717:
712:
710:
708:
701:, p. 89.
700:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
668:
664:
660:
659:
654:
647:
641:, p. 85.
640:
635:
629:, p. 87.
628:
623:
616:
611:
609:
607:
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596:, p. 86.
595:
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221:United States
218:
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186:
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96:
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60:United States
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
16:Wages dispute
1758:Trolleybuses
1652:Street names
1552:
1516:
1428:World Series
1390:
1222:Prison riots
1087:
1015:
1006:
983:Google Books
981:– via
963:
950:. Retrieved
931:
915:. Retrieved
904:
892:Google Books
890:– via
872:
859:. Retrieved
840:
828:Google Books
826:– via
808:
799:Google Books
797:– via
785:Random House
779:
770:Google Books
768:– via
750:
741:Bibliography
673:February 28,
671:. Retrieved
656:
646:
634:
622:
577:Prescod 2020
514:
502:
491:Mantler 2013
486:
444:
438:
427:
426:. That day,
420:
409:
403:
383:Urban League
368:
364:James Lawson
356:James Farmer
332:
316:
310:
304:
296:
284:prison labor
277:
242:
205:labor strike
200:
198:
178:
31:Part of the
18:
1696:(2011–2012)
1685:(1960-1961)
1555:police raid
1513:(1964–1965)
1495:(1914–1915)
1254:(2009–2015)
1218:(1979–1981)
1212:(1962–1963)
1018:(3): 67–92.
716:Hobson 2017
699:Hobson 2017
639:Hobson 2017
627:Hobson 2017
594:Hobson 2017
286:. However,
280:Sam Massell
1796:Categories
1741:Streetcars
615:Scott 1977
478:References
399:Henry Loeb
381:, and the
294:(AFSCME).
239:Background
207:involving
173:Charleston
1313:Disasters
1117:Civil War
1076:Buildings
942:0190-8286
851:0362-4331
731:King 1977
275:workers.
1763:Viaducts
1676:Protests
1591:Pioneers
1393:premiere
1367:Timeline
969:AK Press
952:April 1,
946:Archived
917:April 1,
911:Archived
861:April 1,
855:Archived
667:Archived
461:See also
346:game at
336:picketed
323:cronyism
255:and the
97:(AFSCME)
47:Location
1292:Culture
1060:Origins
906:Jacobin
217:Georgia
213:Atlanta
185:Atlanta
179:Atlanta
161:Memphis
79:Parties
56:Georgia
52:Atlanta
1754:(1836)
1748:(1972)
1727:(1950)
1702:(2020)
1630:Places
1586:Mayors
1578:People
1569:(2009)
1563:(1971)
1557:(1969)
1548:(1953)
1531:(2018)
1525:(2018)
1519:(1977)
1507:(1950)
1501:(1916)
1489:(1881)
1472:(2019)
1466:(2011)
1460:(1996)
1424:(1994)
1418:(1988)
1401:(1968)
1395:(1939)
1386:(1895)
1380:(1887)
1374:(1881)
1360:Events
1352:(2017)
1346:(2008)
1340:(2007)
1334:(1962)
1328:(1946)
1322:(1917)
1284:(2023)
1278:(2021)
1272:(2020)
1266:(2018)
1260:(2017)
1248:(2006)
1242:(1999)
1236:(1997)
1230:(1996)
1224:(1987)
1206:(1958)
1200:(1915)
1194:(1911)
1192:Ripper
1188:(1906)
975:
940:
884:
849:
820:
791:
762:
377:, the
373:, the
315:, and
203:was a
1746:MARTA
1480:Labor
1179:Crime
1007:Labor
446:Labor
379:NAACP
67:Goals
1539:LGBT
1452:2021
1448:1999
1444:1996
1440:1995
1436:1992
1432:1991
1410:1970
1406:1969
973:ISBN
954:2020
938:ISSN
919:2020
882:ISBN
863:2020
847:ISSN
818:ISBN
789:ISBN
760:ISBN
675:2021
495:King
199:The
187:2018
181:1977
175:1969
169:1968
163:1968
39:Date
211:in
1798::
1450:,
1446:,
1442:,
1438:,
1434:,
1408:,
1090::
1014:.
1010:.
1004:.
971:.
967:.
944:.
936:.
930:.
909:.
903:.
880:.
876:.
853:.
845:.
839:.
816:.
812:.
787:.
783:.
758:.
754:.
723:^
706:^
683:^
665:.
661:.
655:.
601:^
584:^
555:^
526:^
401:.
309:,
219:,
215:,
58:,
54:,
1454:)
1430:(
1412:)
1045:e
1038:t
1031:v
1016:2
985:.
956:.
921:.
894:.
865:.
830:.
801:.
772:.
733:.
677:.
617:.
579:.
550:.
509:.
142:e
135:t
128:v
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