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1924:, bringing an end to the Hashemite dynasty in Iraq. Prime Minister al-Said attempted to flee but was captured and shot a day later. After the coup, Qasim assumed the position of Prime Minister and Minister of Defence, while Arif was named Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior. A provisional constitution was adopted in late July. By March 1959, the new Iraqi government had withdrawn from the Baghdad Pact and aligned itself with the
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2072:. The pact was a defence agreement between the four nations and was endorsed by the UK and the United States as an anti-communist Cold War strategy, but was greatly resented by Iraqis in general. Egypt saw the Baghdad Pact as a provocation and a challenge to its regional dominance. In 1956, when Egypt nationalised the Suez Canal, Iraqi-Egyptian relations were further strained. When
2284:. The Free Officers sought to ensure Nasser's support and the assistance of the UAR to implement the revolt because they feared the members of the Baghdad Pact would subsequently overthrow the Free Officers as a reaction to the coup. Nasser only offered moral support, whose material significance remained vague, so Egypt had no practical role in the Iraqi revolution.
2076:, Iraq, as a British ally, had to support the invasion. The fact that imperial ties dragged Iraq into supporting this invasion of Arab lands led to wide disapproval across the Iraqi populace, which largely sympathised with Egypt and responded to pan-Arab ideology. It felt that the invasion of Egypt was another sign of Western aggression and dominance in the region.
2045:(also known as the Portsmouth Treaty). This agreement included a British and Iraqi joint defence board to oversee Iraqi military planning, and the British continued to control Iraqi foreign affairs. Iraq was still tied to Great Britain for military supplies and training. This 25-year treaty was to last until 1973—a duration that Arab nationalists in the
2021:'s growing oil revenues to fund and propel development. He determined that 70 percent of Iraq's revenue from oil was to be set aside for infrastructure development by a Development Board with three foreign advisors out of six total members. This foreign presence provoked popular disapproval of al-Said's policy. Despite
2449:
reported that the situation in Iraq was initially "confused and unstable, with rival groups competing for control. Cross currents of communism, Arab and Iraqi nationalism, anti-Westernism and the 'positive neutrality' of
President Gamal Abdel Nasser of the United Arab Republic have been affecting the
2363:
was taken from the palace, mutilated and dragged through the streets, and finally hanged outside the
Ministry of Defence. Several foreign nationals (including Jordanian and American citizens) staying at the Baghdad Hotel were killed by the mob. Mass mob violence did not die down until Qasim imposed a
2413:
that he believed Nasser was behind it. Dulles also feared that a chain reaction would occur throughout the Middle East and that the governments of Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iran would be doomed. The
Hashemite monarchy represented a reliable ally of the Western world in thwarting Soviet
2276:
Arabs who came from a modern middle class. The Free
Officers were inspired by a number of events in the Middle East the decade before 1952. The 1948 War against Israel was an experience that intensified the Egyptian Free Officers' sense of duty. They understood their mission as deposing the corrupt
2029:, a British economist and former politician, to investigate the prospects for development in Iraq because al-Said's oil revenue reallocation seemed to be ineffective. Lord Salter continued to make suggestions as to how to implement development projects despite massive Iraqi dislike of his presence.
1957:
nationalist identity as the leaders and the designers of the Iraqi educational system in the 1920s and 1930s were Pan-Arab nationalists who made a significant contribution to the expansion of that ideology in Iraq as well as the rest of the Arab world. The two directors of the educational system in
2107:
The primary goal of the coup was to liberate Iraq from its imperial ties with the
British and the United States. The Western powers dominated all sectors of Iraqi governance: national politics and reform, regional politics with its Arab and non-Arab neighbours, and economic policies. As a general
2271:
The Free
Officers were inspired by and modelled after the Egyptian Free Officers who overthrew the Egyptian Monarchy in 1952. They represented all parties and cut across political factions. Qasim was a member of the generation that had launched the revolution in Egypt, and had grown up in an era
2164:
policies. Despite al-Said's efforts to distance himself from the crisis, the damage was done to his position. Iraq became isolated within the Arab world, as highlighted by its exclusion from the "Treaty of Arab
Solidarity" in January 1957. The Suez Crisis benefited Nasser's pan-Arab cause while
2302:
In the early hours of 14 July, Arif seized control of
Baghdad's broadcasting station, which was soon to become the coup's headquarters, and broadcast the first announcement of the revolution. Arif "denounced imperialism and the clique in office; proclaimed a new republic and the end of the old
2420:
Thirteen days after the revolution, a temporary constitution was announced, pending a permanent organic law to be promulgated after a free referendum. According to the document, Iraq was a republic and a part of the Arab nation and the official state religion was listed as Islam. Both
2108:
rule, many Iraqis were resentful of the presence of
Western powers in the region, especially the British. Furthermore, Hashemite monarchic rule could not be divorced from the image of imperial masters behind the monarchy. The monarchy had struggled to maintain power during the
2010:; inflation was uncontrolled and the Iraqi standard of living fell. Al-Said and the Arab Nationalist regent, Abd al-Ilah, were continually in opposition to each other, failing to agree on a cohesive economic policy, infrastructure improvements, or other internal reforms.
2151:
Despite al-Said's efforts to quell growing unrest within the military ranks (such as economic programmes designed to benefit the officer class, and brokering deals with the U.S. to supply the Iraqi military), his position was significantly weakened by the events of the
2321:, the other to Nuri al-Said's residence. Despite the presence of the crack Royal Guard at the Palace, no resistance was offered, by order of the Crown Prince. It is uncertain what orders were given to the palace detachment, and what level of force they detailed.
1997:
in 1944, seeing it as a forum for bringing together the Arab states while leaving the door open for a possible future federation. The League's charter enshrined the principle of autonomy for each Arab state and referenced pan-Arabism only rhetorically.
2343:
By noon, Qasim arrived in
Baghdad with his forces and set up headquarters in the Ministry of Defence building. The conspirator's attention now shifted to finding al-Said, lest he escape and undermine the coup's early success. A reward of 10,000
2477:
population. This tripartite Council assumed the role of the Presidency. A cabinet was created, composed of a broad spectrum of Iraqi political movements, including two National Democratic Party representatives, one member of al-Istiqlal, one
2332:(Faisal's aunt), other members of the Iraqi Royal Family, and several servants were killed or wounded as they were leaving the palace. Only Princess Hiyam survived although how and why she did is unclear. With their demise, the Iraqi
1966:. These exiles fled to Iraq because of their roles in anti-British and anti-French protests, and subsequently fostered Arab nationalist consciousness in their Iraqi students. The growing general awareness of Arab identity led to
2277:
regimes that weakened a unified Arab nation and thrown their countries into distress. The success of the Free Officers in overthrowing the Egyptian monarchy and seizing power in 1952 made Nasser a source of inspiration too.
2083:(UAR) under the banner of pan-Arabism in 1958, Iraqi politicians found themselves in a vulnerable position. Iraqi leaders had no interest in uniting with Egypt and instead proposed and ratified their own pan-Arab union with
6436:
2200:. Al-Said recognised that Chamoun's defeat would leave Iraq and Jordan isolated. He bolstered Chamoun's government with aid throughout May and June 1958. More fatefully, he attempted to bolster Jordan with units from the
10047:
2177:(UAR). The move was a catalyst for a series of events that culminated in revolution in Iraq. The formation of the UAR and Nasser's lofty rhetoric calling for a united Arab world galvanised pan-Arabism in both the
2287:
The dispatching of Iraqi army units to Jordan played into the hands of two of the key members of the Iraqi Free Officers movement: Arif and the movement's leader, Qasim. The Iraqi 19th and 20th Brigades of the
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simultaneously undermining those Arab leaders who followed pro-Western policy. Al-Said's policies fell firmly within the latter camp, and covert opposition to his government steadily grew in the wake of Suez.
2196:(North Yemen) joined the UAR soon after its formation. Attention then shifted to Lebanon, where Syria sponsored the Arab nationalist movement in its civil war campaign against the pro-Western government of
2940:, p. 252: "At first he was buried in a shallow grave but later the body was dug up and repeatedly run over by municipal buses, 'until, in the words of a horror-struck eyewitness, it resembled
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were abolished. Powers of legislation were vested in the Council of Ministers, with the approval of the Sovereignty Council; the executive function was also vested in the Council of Ministers.
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and created alliances with left-leaning countries and communist countries, including the Soviet Union. Because of their agreement with the USSR, Qasim's government allowed the formation of an
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As in Kuwait for example: "The situation in Kuwait is very shaky as a result of the coup in Iraq, and there is a strong possibility that the revolutionary infection will spread there." See
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Arif marched on Baghdad with the 20th Brigade and seized control of the capital (with the help of Colonel Abd al-Latif al-Darraji) while Qasim remained in reserve with the 19th at Jalawla.
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was offered for his capture and a large-scale search began. On 15 July he was spotted in a street in the al-Battawin quarter of Baghdad attempting to escape disguised in a woman's
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Qasim reaped the greatest reward, being named Prime Minister and Minister of Defence. Arif became Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, and deputy Commander in Chief.
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1953:
in Iraq. This sentiment grew from a politicised educational system in Iraq and an increasingly assertive and educated middle class. Schools served as instruments to internalise
2453:
The new Iraqi Republic was headed by a Revolutionary Council. At its head was a three-man sovereignty council, composed of members of Iraq's three main communal/ethnic groups.
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The frantic Anglo-American reaction to the developments in Iraq, which Allen Dulles asserted was "primarily a UK responsibility", makes for an interesting read, beginning
2680:
Salter, A., and S. W. Payton. The development of Iraq; a plan of action by Lord Salter, assisted by S.W. Payton. 1955. London: Caxton, for the Iraq Development Board
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Mob violence continued even in the wake of al-Said's death. Spurred by Arif to liquidate traitors, uncontrollable mobs took to the streets of Baghdad. The body of
2053:
a year later in protest of the continued British presence in Iraq. Al-Said repudiated the Portsmouth Treaty to appease the rebellious Iraqi and Arab nationalists.
2992:
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regime...announced a temporary sovereignty council of three members to assume the duties of the presidency; and promised a future election for a new president".
1916:. On 14 July, revolutionary forces seized control of the capital and proclaimed a new republic, headed by a Revolutionary Council. King Faisal and Crown Prince
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1865:'s policies were unpopular, particularly within the military ranks. Opposition groups began to organize in secret, modelling themselves after the Egyptian
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The Iraqi Free Officer group was an underground organization and much of the planning and timing rested in the hands of Qasim and his associate, Colonel
2272:
where radicalism and Pan-Arabism were circulating in schools, including high schools and military academies. As a group, most of the Free Officers were
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2244:, overthrew the monarchy. This group was markedly Pan-Arab in character. King Faisal II, Prince Abd al-Ilah, and Nuri al-Said were all killed.
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Keefer, Edward C.; LaFantasie, Glenn W., eds. (1993). "Special National Intelligence Estimate: The Middle East Crisis. Washington, July 22, 1958".
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curfew, which still did not prevent the disinterment, mutilation and parading of Al-Said's corpse through the streets the day after its burial.
1989:, the Iraqi Prime Minister during most of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, was interested in pursuing the idea of a federation of Arab States of the
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Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.
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2136:(Nationalism) found many willing adherents, particularly within the officer classes of the Iraqi military. Al-Said's policies were considered
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2292:(the former under Qasim's command and the latter including Arif's battalion) were dispatched to march to Jordan, along a route that passed
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1853:. Unrest mounted amid economic malaise and widespread disapproval of Western influence, which was exacerbated by the formation of the
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advances, so the coup compromised Washington's position in the Middle East. Indeed, the Americans saw it in epidemiological terms.
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On 1 February 1958, Egypt and Syria boosted the pan-Arab movement immeasurably with the announcement that they had united as the
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Eppel, Michael (1998). "The Elite, the Effendiyya, and the Growth of Nationalism and Pan-Arabism in Hashemite Iraq, 1921–1958".
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2156:. Al-Said suffered for his association with Britain; the latter's role in the Crisis seeming a damning indictment of his
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by certain individuals within the Iraqi armed forces, and opposition groups began to form, modelled on the Egyptian
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Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960, Volume XII: Near East Region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsula
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dynasty ended. Meanwhile, al-Said temporarily slipped the net of his would-be captors by escaping across the
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On 14 July 1958, a group that identified as the Free Officers, a secret military group led by Brigadier
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on 14 February—a union of the two states—but few were impressed by this knee-jerk reaction to the UAR.
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could not accept. As a strong reaction to the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1948, Arab nationalists led the
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Leaders of the 14 July 1958 revolution in Iraq, including Khaled al-Naqshabendi (front row, left),
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This article is about 1958 overthrow of the monarchy in Iraq. For the French Revolution event, see
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compared the trials of political dissidents under the Iraqi monarchy, Qasim's government, and
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were becoming enamoured with the ideals espoused by Nasser's pan-Arab movement. The ideas of
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openly supported this union, but many Iraqis were suspicious of its purpose and regarded the
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Iraq, Sami Shawkat and Fadhil al-Jamal, employed teachers who were political refugees from
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2352:. Al-Said and his accomplice were both shot, and his body was buried in the cemetery at
2296:. The opportunity for a coup was thus presented to and seized upon by the conspirators.
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2513:, concluding: "A progressive degradation in the quality of each spectacle is evident."
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1549:
1539:
1464:
1409:
1395:
1258:
1199:
974:
889:
608:
318:
188:
61:
8046:
5980:
5809:
10303:
9838:
9803:
9743:
9573:
9388:
9353:
9283:
9278:
9258:
9213:
9056:
8840:
8674:
8390:
8081:
8016:
7931:
7911:
7475:
6939:
6486:
6392:
6363:
6297:
6150:
6095:
6070:
6025:
5955:
5930:
5895:
5885:
5854:
5741:
5625:
5595:
5332:
5322:
5236:
5130:
4975:
4690:
4487:
4344:
4297:
4195:
4146:
4120:
4098:
3938:
3918:
3862:
3850:
3664:
3499:
3374:
3346:
3318:
3295:
3267:
3256:
3237:
3226:
3210:
3189:
3170:
3125:
3087:
3072:
2510:
2311:
2221:
2216:
1897:
1857:
in 1955, as well as Faisal's support of the British-led invasion of Egypt during the
1823:
1744:
1717:
1494:
1434:
1414:
1298:
1069:
979:
731:
628:
416:
249:
108:
6274:
5945:
2084:
1814:
1014:
472:
10591:
10581:
10341:
9818:
9568:
9563:
9453:
9433:
9418:
9228:
9198:
9116:
9086:
9081:
9000:
8813:
8731:
8638:
8324:
8031:
7996:
7966:
7961:
7936:
7745:
7631:
7569:
7152:
7135:
7096:
6771:
6706:
6701:
6673:
6572:
6532:
6060:
5985:
5915:
5900:
5880:
5827:
5610:
5605:
5585:
5535:
5525:
5352:
5317:
5302:
5251:
4980:
4920:
4760:
4419:
4399:
4108:
4050:
4044:
4011:
3991:
3981:
3830:
3631:
3623:
3150:
2329:
2281:
2007:
1990:
1967:
1946:
1942:
1909:
1886:
1850:
1846:
1727:
1687:
1404:
1238:
1144:
1044:
1029:
939:
869:
776:
771:
746:
653:
633:
618:
477:
329:
57:
2037:
During the Second World War, the British reoccupied Iraq. In 1947 prime minister
1993:, but was less enthusiastic about a Pan-Arab state. Al-Said brought Iraq into the
1059:
969:
10679:
10216:
10206:
10133:
10079:
9701:
9681:
9578:
9543:
9538:
9523:
9488:
9408:
9398:
9338:
9253:
9156:
9151:
9141:
9106:
9066:
9020:
8995:
8925:
8883:
8850:
8495:
8375:
8344:
8339:
8184:
8124:
8071:
8001:
7981:
7956:
7946:
7847:
7725:
7378:
7353:
6848:
6825:
6542:
6501:
6279:
6135:
6125:
6110:
6090:
6075:
6050:
5995:
5760:
5728:
5620:
5580:
5342:
5337:
5277:
5218:
4950:
4828:
4655:
4620:
4528:
4523:
4247:
4141:
3815:
3748:
3738:
3703:
3659:
3646:
3598:
3364:
3336:
3282:
3233:
3204:
3179:
3115:
2479:
2398:
2360:
2318:
2307:
2252:
2197:
1921:
1839:
1831:
1767:
1459:
1444:
1084:
964:
924:
899:
879:
826:
811:
663:
658:
527:
522:
512:
467:
442:
278:
261:
244:
183:
169:
164:
137:
131:
85:
4242:
864:
691:
10673:
10596:
10226:
9858:
9793:
9738:
9686:
9651:
9593:
9588:
9403:
9393:
9318:
9268:
9136:
9071:
9061:
9015:
8935:
8898:
8878:
8835:
8803:
8721:
8716:
8648:
8556:
8380:
8219:
8114:
8109:
8076:
8066:
8056:
8026:
7951:
7941:
7822:
7750:
7645:
7328:
7308:
7239:
6820:
6803:
6798:
6668:
6622:
6105:
6030:
6020:
6015:
5875:
5615:
5404:
5327:
5055:
4960:
4710:
4650:
4282:
4200:
4103:
4063:
4033:
3933:
3888:
3291:
3263:
2422:
2382:
2325:
2185:. Their governments attempted something of a response with the creation of the
2113:
1697:
1424:
1390:
1189:
1179:
1134:
1094:
1089:
1034:
1024:
1019:
1004:
934:
919:
904:
894:
806:
706:
696:
686:
300:
3287:
The Middle East and the United States: A Historical and Political Reassessment
3154:
2017:
to increase the royalties paid to the Iraqi government. Al-Said looked to the
989:
10702:
10616:
10611:
10231:
9783:
9778:
9671:
9603:
9583:
9503:
9458:
9448:
9348:
9263:
9126:
9111:
9005:
8385:
8011:
7991:
7926:
7878:
7792:
7266:
7192:
6890:
6269:
6115:
6010:
5975:
5960:
5920:
5462:
5292:
5030:
4940:
4803:
4783:
4670:
4431:
4409:
4374:
3953:
3948:
3903:
3825:
3785:
3534:
2092:
2088:
1973:
Similarly, Pan-Arab sentiment grew across the Arab world and was promoted by
1534:
1368:
1338:
1248:
1154:
1149:
1124:
1104:
944:
816:
791:
766:
751:
741:
726:
681:
447:
423:
387:
304:
288:
271:
254:
44:
2006:
The Iraqi economy fell into a recession and then a depression following the
10601:
10586:
10074:
10017:
9428:
9131:
9051:
8973:
8930:
8798:
8782:
8777:
8587:
8420:
8061:
7921:
7916:
7772:
7698:
7650:
7343:
6589:
6491:
6055:
6005:
5935:
5925:
5779:
5767:
5754:
5560:
5387:
4888:
4136:
3986:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3541:
3332:
3067:
2506:
2490:
2406:
2315:
2256:
2233:
2057:
1986:
1925:
1862:
1854:
1842:
between Iraq and Jordan that had been established just six months earlier.
1204:
1184:
1169:
1129:
1114:
1074:
1009:
994:
884:
786:
452:
283:
121:
3311:
The Iraqi Revolution of 1958: A Revolutionary Quest for Unity and Security
10631:
10606:
10236:
9853:
9598:
9518:
9493:
9478:
9473:
9438:
9363:
9121:
9101:
8978:
8952:
8036:
7893:
7740:
7735:
7681:
7660:
7253:
6711:
6663:
6658:
6387:
6369:
6100:
5705:
5675:
5530:
5520:
5419:
5282:
5075:
4564:
4394:
4379:
4190:
4038:
4006:
3893:
3708:
3613:
3552:
2345:
2153:
1994:
1982:
1950:
1917:
1874:
1858:
1682:
1219:
1159:
1109:
1054:
849:
781:
507:
502:
266:
115:
3439:
Diplomacy at the Brink: Eisenhower, Churchill, and Eden in the Cold War.
3181:
Iraq from Monarchy to Tyranny: From the Hashemites to the Rise of Saddam
1762:
10626:
9833:
9233:
7971:
7888:
7883:
7812:
5859:
5570:
5540:
5494:
5409:
5377:
5369:
5312:
5000:
4715:
4404:
4292:
3898:
3251:
2333:
2201:
2038:
1827:
1722:
1712:
1174:
1139:
1064:
1049:
984:
909:
854:
756:
701:
580:
565:
127:
4513:
3162:
10621:
8691:
7655:
6155:
6000:
5849:
5822:
5635:
5590:
5499:
5467:
5447:
5439:
4768:
4558:
2942:
1194:
874:
570:
462:
3281:
Mufti, Malik (2003). "The United States and Nasserist Pan-Arabism".
2041:
negotiated British withdrawal, formalised on 15 January 1948 by the
10377:
8395:
8104:
7600:
7066:
7006:
5734:
5575:
5472:
5347:
5166:
5070:
4210:
4068:
3522:
2458:
2260:
2137:
2065:
1954:
1039:
796:
560:
497:
4854:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
3411:
Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair
5680:
5565:
5555:
5504:
5045:
3790:
2483:
2328:('Abd al-Ilah's wife), Princess Nafeesa ('Abd al-Ilah's mother),
2293:
1913:
7256:
and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each
1985:. Hashemite Iraq faced and confronted these sentiments as well.
6348:
5748:
5550:
5489:
4424:
2386:
2337:
2306:
Arif then dispatched two detachments from his regiment, one to
2069:
1877:
sentiment in Iraq was further bolstered by the creation of the
716:
396:
295:
207:
3074:
Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq, Updated Edition
2259:(right). Arabic text: "Prince 'Abd al-Ilah hung and cut up by
8199:
6397:
6233:
6189:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
5695:
5478:
3557:
2474:
2466:
2349:
2273:
2264:
1974:
1963:
7554:
7547:
7542:
7487:
7480:
7430:
7423:
7358:
7333:
5773:
5655:
3547:
3491:
2061:
1912:, took advantage of the opportunity and instead marched on
1819:
357:
346:
335:
324:
313:
215:
3117:
Dialogues in Arab Politics: Negotiations in Regional Order
2500:
6228:
6208:
6203:
10744:
History of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
8494:
3202:
2799:
2797:
1396:
3441:
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2014.
3209:(3rd ed.). London & New York: I.B. Tauris.
3008:"Iraqi Army Units Opposing Kassim Rebel in Oil Area"
2158:
2130:
2794:
2079:Similarly, when Egypt and Syria united to form the
10222:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
8210:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
3255:
3225:
3203:Farouk-Sluglett, Marion; Sluglett, Peter (2003) .
3071:
7590:2020 Kurdish protests in Sulaymaniyah Governorate
7034:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present)
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2865:
2863:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
10700:
8707:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq
6174:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
3206:Iraq since 1958: From Revolution to Dictatorship
3035:
3033:
2975:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2782:
2770:
2758:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2324:At approximately 8:00am the King, Crown Prince,
7187:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
4611:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
4018:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
3050:
3048:
2919:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
8634:National Council for the Revolutionary Command
7296:
2949:
2897:
2895:
2860:
2837:
2809:
2695:
2623:
2621:
2559:
2232:(back row, fifth from left). Also included is
1981:, a rising politician and staunch opponent of
10398:National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria
8480:
8240:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
7687:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
7616:
7282:
6497:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
6334:
3507:
3425:A Revolutionary Year: The Middle East in 1958
3030:
2907:
2875:
2742:
2730:
2683:
2657:
2645:
2633:
2606:
2587:
2340:after being alerted by the sound of gunfire.
2099:as another "tool of their Western overlord".
1785:
10185:
6250:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
3801:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
3142:International Journal of Middle East Studies
3045:
2707:
2528:1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt
2204:, a move that was a direct catalyst for the
6350:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
5111:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
2892:
2618:
2575:
2543:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
2124:A growing number of educated élites in the
8487:
8473:
7623:
7609:
7289:
7275:
6341:
6327:
6214:United States involvement in regime change
3769:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
3514:
3500:
2397:Abd al-Karim Qasim's sudden coup took the
2074:British, French and Israelis invaded Egypt
2025:toward oil and development, al-Said hired
1792:
1778:
51:
10279:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
1949:. They aimed, in part, to remove British
1881:in February 1958 under the leadership of
1845:The Kingdom of Iraq had been a hotbed of
10242:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
8320:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
8250:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
8215:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
7233:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
3423:Lewis, Roger and Owen, Roger (editors);
2376:
2246:
2215:
1936:
1896:were dispatched to Jordan in support of
10383:Front of Patriotic and National Parties
10362:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
10212:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
8195:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
8180:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
6906:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
4340:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
3110:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2501:Human rights violations and mass exodus
2168:
2032:
1945:, Iraq was home to a growing number of
1349:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
10701:
10294:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
8190:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
6184:Russian espionage in the United States
4456:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
3331:
3308:
3066:
3024:
3005:
2937:
2925:
2803:
2565:
2489:By March 1959, Iraq withdrew from the
1931:
10563:
10184:
9891:
8752:
8534:
8468:
7604:
7270:
6322:
6179:Soviet espionage in the United States
4335:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
4114:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
3779:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
3495:
3359:
3280:
3177:
3138:
2962:
2869:
2854:
2827:
2815:
2701:
2689:
2668:
2651:
2639:
2612:
2600:
2211:
1500:1946 Italian institutional referendum
1440:Spanish American wars of independence
10709:1950s coups d'état and coup attempts
10413:Palestinian National Salvation Front
7630:
7513:1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq
6255:Soviet Union–United States relations
4606:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
3250:
3223:
3054:
3039:
2913:
2901:
2886:
2831:
2748:
2736:
2724:
2627:
2581:
2372:
401:Number of Jordanian officials killed
10483:Socialist Democratic Unionist Party
10448:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
8230:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
6219:Soviet involvement in regime change
3404:A History of the Modern Middle East
2432:
2389:, watching a news report about the
2255:of Hejaz (left) and Prime Minister
2001:
1818:that took place on 14 July 1958 in
1269:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
13:
10533:General Federation of Trade Unions
10393:Lebanese National Resistance Front
10106:National Progressive Front (Syria)
8170:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
7692:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
7143:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)
6568:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
6260:Soviet Union–United States summits
3734:1947 Polish parliamentary election
3619:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
3389:
3290:(4th ed.). Boulder, CO:
3262:(2nd ed.). Boulder, CO:
1838:established in its wake ended the
1822:which resulted in the toppling of
14:
10805:
10564:
10357:Palestine Liberation Organization
10101:National Progressive Front (Iraq)
9754:Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
9184:Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur
8235:Palestine Liberation Organization
6980:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt
5021:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
4956:United States invasion of Grenada
4226:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
4167:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
3445:
2119:
10262:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
9892:
9166:Members of the Regional Commands
8449:
8448:
8175:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
7858:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
7553:
7546:
7486:
7479:
7429:
7422:
7357:
7332:
7307:
7018:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)
5096:United States invasion of Panama
4946:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
4586:1971 Turkish military memorandum
4549:Communist insurgency in Thailand
4519:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
4451:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
4278:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
4206:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
3724:Restatement of Policy on Germany
2251:The mutilated corpses of Prince
2228:(back row, third from left) and
2146:overthrown the Egyptian monarchy
1761:
1289:Discourses Concerning Government
395:
386:
356:
345:
334:
323:
312:
294:
287:
277:
270:
260:
253:
243:
214:
200:
176:
163:
21:July Revolution (disambiguation)
10764:Republicanism in the Arab world
10510:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
8644:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
7818:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
7508:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
7451:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
7200:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
7169:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon
6923:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
5816:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
5197:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
5126:Fall of the inner German border
5026:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
4676:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
4666:Spanish transition to democracy
4626:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
4253:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
3759:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
3640:Occupation of the Baltic states
3413:Princeton University Press 2003
3338:Iraq: From Sumer to Post-Saddam
3060:
3018:
3006:Hailey, Foster (9 March 1959).
2999:
2968:
2931:
2821:
2533:February 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
2056:In 1955, Iraq entered into the
2013:In 1950, al-Said persuaded the
1871:overthrew the Egyptian monarchy
1555:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
64:, the leaders of the revolution
10332:Alliance of Palestinian Forces
8753:
8260:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
8022:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
7528:1996 Iraqi coup d'état attempt
7461:1966 Iraqi coup d'état attempt
7456:1965 Iraqi coup d'état attempt
7374:1931–1932 Ahmed Barzani revolt
4596:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
4231:Mozambican War of Independence
3670:Indonesian National Revolution
3080:University of California Press
2674:
2236:(front row, first from right).
2224:(back row, second from left),
2194:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
1490:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
1470:German Revolution of 1918–1919
97:Victory for the Free Officers
1:
10794:Political violence in Baghdad
10749:Iraq–United Kingdom relations
10543:General Union of Syrian Women
10453:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
10408:Palestinian National Alliance
8680:Revolutionary Command Council
8572:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
7543:Republic of Iraq (since 2003)
6970:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
6611:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
6194:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
5209:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
5162:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
4884:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
4849:Seven Days to the River Rhine
4581:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
3868:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
3796:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
2548:
2381:Crowd of men and soldiers in
2102:
10352:National Democratic Alliance
10337:Forces of Freedom and Change
9334:Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i
9294:Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi
9244:Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri
8205:Federation of Arab Republics
8165:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
8155:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
7756:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
7704:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
7476:Republic of Iraq (1968–2003)
7384:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts
7174:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
7161:Turkish involvement in Syria
7045:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
6876:Political violence in Turkey
6810:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
6717:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence
6596:Italian bombing of Palestine
6558:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts
6507:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
5187:Fall of communism in Albania
5157:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
5106:Polish Round Table Agreement
4446:1968 Polish political crisis
4263:Eritrean War of Independence
4029:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
3924:East German uprising of 1953
3856:Chinese Communist Revolution
3521:
3420:Oxford University Press 1997
3285:In David W. Lesch, ed.,
2367:
2267:Nuri al-Said pulled around."
1740:Republic without republicans
1485:11 September 1922 Revolution
1480:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
120:Execution of Prime minister
7:
10729:Arab nationalist rebellions
10478:Social Democratic Unionists
10443:Arab Democratic Union Party
10139:National Defense Battalions
8535:
8497:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
8330:Flag of the Arab Federation
8160:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
8150:Arab Socialist Action Party
7369:1922 Mahmud Barzanji revolt
7354:Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1958)
7319:1919 Mahmud Barzanji revolt
6426:Turkish War of Independence
6410:Unification of Saudi Arabia
5061:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
4789:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
4534:Corrective Movement (Syria)
4498:New People's Army rebellion
4493:Sino-Soviet border conflict
4221:Angolan War of Independence
4084:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
3964:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
3609:Jamaican political conflict
3418:Politics in the Middle East
3397:Arab Nationalism: A History
3315:University Press of America
3186:University Press of Florida
2946:, an Iraqi sausage meat'."
2538:Democratic July 14 Movement
2516:
2403:Central Intelligence Agency
2183:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
2159:
2131:
1920:were executed at the royal
1892:In July 1958, units of the
1475:Turkish War of Independence
1397:
16:Iraqi military coup in 1958
10:
10810:
10656:On the Way of Resurrection
10649:The Battle for One Destiny
10438:Arab Socialist Union Party
10388:Lebanese National Movement
9618:Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab
9329:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i
8301:On the Way of Resurrection
8294:The Battle for One Destiny
8225:Lebanese National Movement
7666:Third International Theory
7533:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
7503:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
7419:Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)
7329:Mandatory Iraq (1920–1932)
7297:Protests and coups in Iraq
7091:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
7085:Houthi insurgency in Yemen
7074:Balochi insurgency in Iran
7050:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
6886:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
6881:Islamist uprising in Syria
6859:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
6748:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
6634:Kurdish separatism in Iran
6553:Goharshad Mosque rebellion
5257:Sino-Indian border dispute
5086:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
5016:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
4774:1976 Argentine coup d'état
4686:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
4636:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
4320:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
4288:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
3977:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
3744:Asian Relations Conference
3371:Cambridge University Press
3369:(3rd ed.). New York:
3258:The Modern History of Iraq
2436:
1530:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
1279:The Commonwealth of Oceana
25:
18:
10665:
10640:
10574:
10570:
10559:
10538:General Union of Peasants
10525:
10430:
10370:
10347:National Consensus Forces
10324:
10317:
10250:
10199:
10195:
10180:
10160:Revolutionary Youth Union
10152:
10121:
10114:
10093:
10067:
9995:
9917:
9906:
9902:
9887:
9872:
9762:
9722:
9715:
9660:
9635:
9628:
9612:
9377:
9172:
9165:
9034:
8988:
8966:
8945:
8918:
8871:
8864:
8823:
8791:
8770:
8763:
8759:
8748:
8662:
8601:
8580:
8549:
8545:
8530:
8504:
8444:
8353:
8310:
8278:
8255:Unified Political Command
8145:Arab Nationalist Movement
8090:
8042:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
7902:
7871:
7838:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
7709:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
7674:
7638:
7541:
7474:
7466:17 July Revolution (1968)
7446:Ramadan Revolution (1963)
7417:
7409:14 July Revolution (1958)
7352:
7327:
7302:
7249:
7212:
7117:
7058:
6998:
6931:
6849:Black September in Jordan
6841:
6740:
6684:
6581:
6525:
6479:
6356:
6293:
6242:
6164:
6141:William Appleman Williams
6086:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
5868:
5840:
5789:
5721:
5714:
5648:
5513:
5438:
5368:
5361:
5270:
5217:
5149:
4862:
4601:Bangladesh Liberation War
4591:1971 Sudanese coup d'état
4506:
4478:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
4466:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
4129:
3904:Arab Cold War (1952–1979)
3881:
3591:
3529:
3155:10.1017/s0020743800065880
3122:Columbia University Press
2187:Hashemite Arab Federation
2179:Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
2126:Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
2097:Hashemite Arab Federation
2047:Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
2019:Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
1885:, a staunch proponent of
1840:Hashemite Arab Federation
1826:and the overthrow of the
1703:The Emperor's New Clothes
1455:5 October 1910 revolution
1450:French Revolution of 1848
473:Liberty as non-domination
383:
378:
373:
368:
236:
155:
68:
50:
42:
37:
10769:July 1958 events in Asia
10724:Arab nationalism in Iraq
10719:20th-century revolutions
10488:Socialist Unionist Party
10458:Libyan National Movement
10284:Arabic Toilers' Movement
10188:Associated organizations
10048:National Security Bureau
9996:Syrian-dominated faction
9424:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
9359:Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi
9209:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
8909:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
8824:Syrian-dominated faction
8520:Syrian-dominated faction
7763:1952 Egyptian revolution
7585:2019–2021 Iraqi protests
7580:2015–2018 Iraqi protests
7575:2012–2013 Iraqi protests
7498:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
7404:1948 Al-Wathbah uprising
6951:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
6946:1980 Turkish coup d'état
6765:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
6697:1953 Iranian coup d'état
6692:1952 Egyptian revolution
6420:1919 Egyptian revolution
6403:Mount Lebanon starvation
4916:1980 Turkish coup d'état
4751:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
4721:1978 Somali coup attempt
4681:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
4646:1973 Chilean coup d'état
4471:Revolutionary Government
4365:South African Border War
4157:1960 Turkish coup d'état
4074:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
3929:1953 Iranian coup d'état
3909:1952 Egyptian revolution
2230:Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i
1810:1958 Iraqi military coup
1545:1987 Fijian coups d'état
1505:1952 Egyptian revolution
483:Political representation
341:Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i
28:Storming of the Bastille
10734:Arab rebellions in Iraq
10463:National Covenant Party
10267:Arab Socialist Movement
9918:Iraqi-dominated faction
9844:Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji
9534:Mohammad Jihad al-Laham
9219:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash
9189:Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun
8792:Iraqi-dominated faction
8712:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
8702:Union of Arab Republics
8654:1966 Syrian coup d'état
8629:1963 Syrian coup d'état
8609:1954 Syrian coup d'état
8567:Arab Socialist Movement
8511:Iraqi-dominated faction
8416:Palestinian nationalism
8335:Flag of the Arab Revolt
7828:1966 Syrian coup d'état
7808:1963 Syrian coup d'état
7788:1961 Syrian coup d'état
7523:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
7180:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
7028:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
7023:Yemeni Civil War (1994)
6833:1966 Syrian coup d'état
6760:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
6601:Allied invasion of Iraq
6548:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)
6471:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
5121:Fall of the Berlin Wall
5066:People Power Revolution
5051:Central American crisis
4991:1986 Black Sea incident
4641:1973 Afghan coup d'état
4539:Western Sahara conflict
4350:1966 Syrian coup d'état
4273:1963 Syrian coup d'état
4216:Portuguese Colonial War
4179:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
3944:1954 Syrian coup d'état
3821:Annexation of Hyderabad
3764:1947–1949 Palestine war
3402:Cleveland, William L.;
3224:Hunt, Courtney (2005).
3178:Eppel, Michael (2004).
2980:. Washington, DC:
2482:representative and one
2427:the Chamber of Deputies
2023:anti-Western sentiments
2015:Iraqi Petroleum Company
1525:1969 Libyan coup d'état
1309:Discourse on Inequality
458:Consent of the governed
10754:Military coups in Iraq
10493:Syrian Communist Party
10299:Palestinian Arab Front
9829:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
9809:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
9799:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
9749:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
9554:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
9529:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
9464:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
9369:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
9304:Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi
9249:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
9204:Jamal Mustafa Abdullah
8904:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
8809:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
7843:1969 Libyan revolution
7721:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
7394:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
7389:1936 Iraqi coup d'état
7125:2011 Bahraini uprising
7109:South Yemen insurgency
6990:Abu Nidal's executions
6975:1986 Damascus bombings
6754:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
6606:Syria–Lebanon campaign
6376:Middle Eastern theatre
5415:Neoclassical economics
4926:Gulf of Sidra incident
4483:1969 Libyan revolution
4174:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
3959:1954 Geneva Conference
3719:Turkish straits crisis
3714:Corfu Channel incident
3395:Choueiri, Youssef M.;
2523:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
2394:
2268:
2237:
1867:Free Officers Movement
237:Commanders and leaders
10789:Socialist revolutions
10309:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
9824:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
9774:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
9549:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
9344:Nayef Shindakh Thamer
9097:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
8958:Abd al-Majid al-Rafei
8593:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
8401:Jordanian nationalism
8135:Arab Islamic Republic
8130:Arab Higher Committee
8007:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
7987:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
7798:North Yemen civil war
7731:Arab–Israeli conflict
7344:1920 Iraqi Revolution
6965:South Yemen civil war
6864:Shatt al-Arab clashes
6789:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup
6778:North Yemen civil war
6727:1958 Iraqi revolution
6654:1948 Arab–Israeli War
6648:Arab–Israeli conflict
6517:Sheikh Said rebellion
6381:Battle of Robat Karim
6265:Russia–NATO relations
6146:Jonathan Reed Winkler
5430:Democratic capitalism
5425:Supply-side economics
5393:American conservatism
5192:Breakup of Yugoslavia
5081:Bougainville conflict
4996:South Yemen civil war
4931:Martial law in Poland
4794:Nicaraguan Revolution
4769:Dirty War (Argentina)
4576:1971 JVP insurrection
4390:Years of Lead (Italy)
4268:North Yemen civil war
4186:Berlin Crisis of 1961
4162:Albanian–Soviet split
4094:1959 Tibetan uprising
4059:Syrian Crisis of 1957
3914:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
3774:1948 Arab–Israeli War
3309:Romero, Juan (2011).
3232:. Westport, CT:
2495:Iraqi Communist Party
2463:Khalid al-Naqshabandi
2455:Muhammad Mahdi Kubbah
2380:
2250:
2219:
1937:Regional disturbances
1693:Criticism of monarchy
1515:North Yemen civil war
1329:The Federalist Papers
624:Federal parliamentary
379:Casualties and losses
142:Establishment of the
10403:National Union Front
9734:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
9692:Abdul Halim Khaddam
9647:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
9499:Abdul-Karim al-Jundi
9444:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
9314:Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi
9239:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
9092:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
8894:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
8865:Regional Secretaries
8562:Arab Ba'ath Movement
8436:Tunisian nationalism
8406:Lebanese nationalism
8366:Egyptian nationalism
8361:Algerian nationalism
8265:United Arab Republic
8140:Arab Liberation Army
8120:Arab Ba'ath Movement
7977:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
7518:1991 Iraqi uprisings
7379:1933 Simele massacre
7104:Fatah–Hamas conflict
7040:Operation Desert Fox
7013:1991 Iraqi uprisings
7007:Gulf War (1990–1991)
6918:Grand Mosque seizure
6896:Yemenite War of 1979
6854:Yemenite War of 1972
6794:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup
6784:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup
6538:Ahmed Barzani revolt
6449:Turkish–Armenian War
5686:Non-Aligned Movement
5308:Peaceful coexistence
5262:North Borneo dispute
5177:German reunification
5172:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
4870:Salvadoran Civil War
4819:Grand Mosque seizure
4814:Yemenite War of 1979
4706:Mozambican Civil War
4661:Carnation Revolution
4616:Yemenite War of 1972
4554:1970 Polish protests
4385:1967 Hong Kong riots
4360:Argentine Revolution
4310:Guatemalan Civil War
4238:Cuban Missile Crisis
4152:Bay of Pigs Invasion
4024:1956 Poznań protests
4002:Geneva Summit (1955)
3604:Hukbalahap Rebellion
3583:Non-Aligned Movement
3294:. pp. 168–187.
2505:Academic and author
2411:Dwight D. Eisenhower
2356:later that evening.
2175:United Arab Republic
2169:Building to a crisis
2081:United Arab Republic
2033:Political grievances
1879:United Arab Republic
1808:, also known as the
1678:Classical radicalism
1420:Republic of Florence
1359:Democracy in America
518:Separation of powers
493:Public participation
392:3 US citizens killed
114:Execution of Prince
19:For other uses, see
10779:1958 crimes in Iraq
10774:Revolutions in Iraq
10526:Other organizations
10468:Popular Unity Party
10318:Political alliances
9849:Wael Nader al-Halqi
9716:Heads of government
9559:Abdul Qadir Qaddura
9514:Abdul Halim Khaddam
9484:Mohammad al-Hussein
9469:Wael Nader al-Halqi
9309:Taha Yassin Ramadan
9299:Aziz Saleh Al-Numan
9289:Ali Hassan al-Majid
9274:Latif Nassif Jassim
8764:General Secretaries
8697:Corrective Movement
8619:1959 Mosul uprising
8426:Sahrawi nationalism
7783:1959 Mosul uprising
7716:Great Syrian Revolt
7565:2011 Iraqi protests
7441:1959 Mosul uprising
7399:1943 Barzani revolt
7252:This list includes
7220:2021 Beirut clashes
7080:2004 Qamishli riots
6957:Turkey–PKK conflict
6913:1979 Qatif Uprising
6732:1959 Mosul uprising
6722:1958 Lebanon crisis
6669:1973 Yom Kippur War
6640:Iran crisis of 1946
6628:Al-Wathbah uprising
6618:1943 Barzani revolt
6512:Great Syrian Revolt
6492:Iraqi Revolt (1920)
6415:Simko Shikak revolt
6131:Alex von Tunzelmann
6121:Vladimir Tismăneanu
6046:Thomas J. McCormick
6041:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
5941:Robert Hugh Ferrell
5804:Crusade for Freedom
5601:Illiberal democracy
5485:Ho Chi Minh Thought
5288:Eisenhower Doctrine
5141:Peaceful Revolution
5136:Romanian Revolution
5116:Revolutions of 1989
5101:1988 Polish strikes
5011:Operation INFEKTION
5006:1987 Lieyu massacre
4911:Eritrean Civil Wars
4894:Peruvian Revolution
4844:1979 Herat uprising
4834:Sino-Vietnamese War
4799:Uganda–Tanzania War
4779:Egyptian–Libyan War
4746:Third Indochina War
4741:Sino-Albanian split
4731:Ethiopian Civil War
4631:Eritrean Civil Wars
4571:Ping-pong diplomacy
4544:Cambodian Civil War
4370:Korean DMZ Conflict
4355:Cultural Revolution
4325:Dominican Civil War
4303:Tlatelolco massacre
4089:1959 Mosul uprising
4079:1958 Lebanon crisis
3806:Al-Wathbah uprising
3729:First Indochina War
3699:Iran crisis of 1946
3473:"In One Swift Hour"
3453:"Revolt in Baghdad"
3406:Westview Press 1994
3313:. Lanham, MD:
3228:The History of Iraq
3112:Barnett, Michael N.
2982:Department of State
2439:1959 Mosul uprising
2312:King Faisal II
2290:3rd Division (Iraq)
2110:Al-Wathbah uprising
1932:Pre-coup grievances
1904:, led by Brigadier
1902:Iraqi Free Officers
1768:Politics portal
1573:Antigua and Barbuda
1520:Zanzibar Revolution
1430:American Revolution
1319:The Social Contract
488:Popular sovereignty
109:King Faisal II
10759:Rebellions in Iraq
10418:Rejectionist Front
9814:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
9789:Nureddin al-Atassi
9677:Nureddin al-Atassi
9509:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
9414:Nureddin al-Atassi
9324:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
9224:Salih Mahdi Ammash
9194:Ghanim Abdul-Jalil
9147:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
9077:Nureddin al-Atassi
9011:Nureddin al-Atassi
8889:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
8841:Abdullah al-Ahmar
8831:Nureddin al-Atassi
8727:De-Ba'athification
8670:17 July Revolution
8624:Ramadan Revolution
8614:14 July Revolution
8431:Syrian nationalism
8411:Libyan nationalism
8371:Greater Mauritania
8287:The Arab Awakening
8270:United Arab States
8245:Rejectionist Front
8052:Gamal Abdel Nasser
7863:Yemeni unification
7853:Lebanese Civil War
7833:17 July Revolution
7803:Ramadan Revolution
7778:14 July Revolution
6901:Iranian Revolution
6870:Lebanese Civil War
6816:1948 Palestine war
6563:1935 Yazidi revolt
6454:Franco-Turkish War
6285:Russian Revolution
6081:Mary Elise Sarotte
6066:William B. Pickett
5991:Patrick J. Hearden
5971:Gabriel Gorodetsky
5966:Timothy Garton Ash
5951:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
5546:Ethnic nationalism
5298:Hallstein Doctrine
5182:Yemeni unification
4971:1985 Geneva Summit
4936:Casamance conflict
4839:New Jewel Movement
4824:Iranian Revolution
4809:Chadian–Libyan War
4756:Cambodian conflict
4736:Lebanese Civil War
4726:Western Sahara War
4701:June 1976 protests
4696:Cambodian genocide
4461:17 July Revolution
4415:Nigerian Civil War
4330:Rhodesian Bush War
4315:Colombian conflict
4258:Ramadan Revolution
3997:Bandung Conference
3873:Operation Valuable
3754:Partition of India
3432:Understanding Iraq
3430:Polk, William R.;
3343:Palgrave Macmillan
3012:The New York Times
2806:, pp. 249–51.
2446:The New York Times
2395:
2269:
2242:Abd al-Karim Qasim
2238:
2226:Abd al-Karim Qasim
2212:14 July revolution
2144:Movement that had
2043:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
1979:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1951:imperial influence
1906:Abd al-Karim Qasim
1883:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1806:14 July Revolution
1734:Primus inter pares
1550:Nepalese Civil War
1540:Iranian Revolution
1510:14 July Revolution
1465:Russian Revolution
1460:Chinese Revolution
1410:Republic of Venice
1259:Discourses on Livy
405:Total: ~100 killed
319:Abd al-Karim Qasim
267:Prince Abd al-Ilah
62:Abd al-Karim Qasim
10739:Conflicts in 1958
10696:
10695:
10692:
10691:
10688:
10687:
10555:
10554:
10551:
10550:
10431:Political parties
10426:
10425:
10304:Socialist Lebanon
10176:
10175:
10172:
10171:
10168:
10167:
10063:
10062:
9909:Regional branches
9883:
9882:
9879:
9878:
9868:
9867:
9839:Riyad Farid Hijab
9804:Mahmoud al-Ayyubi
9711:
9710:
9697:
9624:
9623:
9574:Hikmat al-Shihabi
9389:Abdullah al-Ahmar
9354:Hardan al-Tikriti
9284:Adnan Khayr Allah
9279:Rashid Taan Kazim
9214:Salah Omar al-Ali
9057:Abdullah al-Ahmar
9030:
9029:
8860:
8859:
8846:
8744:
8743:
8740:
8739:
8462:
8461:
8391:Iraqi nationalism
8082:Constantin Zureiq
7932:Abdul Rahman Arif
7912:Butrus al-Bustani
7598:
7597:
7264:
7263:
6487:Franco-Syrian War
6444:Greco-Turkish War
6432:Anglo-Turkish War
6398:Assyrian genocide
6393:Armenian genocide
6364:Italo-Turkish War
6316:
6315:
6303:List of conflicts
6151:Rudolph Winnacker
6096:Giles Scott-Smith
6071:Ronald E. Powaski
6026:Melvyn P. Leffler
5956:John Lewis Gaddis
5931:Robert D. English
5896:Warren H. Carroll
5886:Michael Beschloss
5855:Nuclear arms race
5836:
5835:
5742:Neues Deutschland
5644:
5643:
5626:White nationalism
5596:Liberal democracy
5333:Ulbricht Doctrine
5323:Brezhnev Doctrine
5131:Velvet Revolution
4875:Soviet–Afghan War
4691:Angolan Civil War
4488:Goulash Communism
4345:ASEAN Declaration
4298:Mexican Dirty War
4196:Annexation of Goa
4147:1960 U-2 incident
4121:Sino-Soviet split
4099:Laotian Civil War
3939:Bricker Amendment
3919:Mau Mau rebellion
3863:Malayan Emergency
3851:Chinese Civil War
3811:Tito–Stalin split
3665:Division of Korea
3366:A History of Iraq
3243:978-0-313-33414-6
3216:978-1-85043-317-0
3195:978-0-8130-2736-4
3131:978-0-231-10918-5
2443:On 9 March 1959,
2373:Immediate effects
2222:Abd as-Salam Arif
2051:Wathbah Rebellion
1947:Arab nationalists
1861:. Prime Minister
1802:
1801:
1745:Republican empire
1718:List of republics
1567:National variants
1495:Spanish Civil War
1435:French Revolution
1415:Republic of Genoa
1299:The Spirit of Law
1232:Theoretical works
576:Neo-republicanism
410:
409:
208:Kingdom of Jordan
151:
150:
128:Hashemite dynasty
101:Overthrow of the
10801:
10784:1950s in Baghdad
10592:Arab nationalism
10582:Anti-imperialism
10572:
10571:
10561:
10560:
10342:March 8 Alliance
10322:
10321:
10254:
10253:Breakaway groups
10197:
10196:
10189:
10182:
10181:
10119:
10118:
9945:Regional Command
9915:
9914:
9910:
9904:
9903:
9896:
9889:
9888:
9819:Mahmoud Al-Zoubi
9766:
9726:
9720:
9719:
9693:
9664:
9639:
9633:
9632:
9569:Farouk al-Sharaa
9564:Hammouda Sabbagh
9454:Ibrahim al-Hadid
9434:Mahdi Dakhlallah
9419:Shibli al-Aysami
9381:
9229:Hussein Al-Awadi
9199:Saad Abdul-Majid
9176:
9170:
9169:
9117:Akram al-Hawrani
9087:Shibli al-Aysami
9082:Mansur al-Atrash
9044:
9043:National Command
9038:
9001:Shibli al-Aysami
8869:
8868:
8842:
8814:Salah Al-Mukhtar
8768:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8750:
8749:
8732:Syrian civil war
8639:Ar-Rashid revolt
8547:
8546:
8539:
8532:
8531:
8521:
8512:
8498:
8489:
8482:
8475:
8466:
8465:
8452:
8451:
8325:Eagle of Saladin
8032:Amin al-Husseini
7997:Faisal I of Iraq
7967:Sultan al-Atrash
7962:Mansur al-Atrash
7937:Abdul Salam Arif
7746:War of Attrition
7632:Arab nationalism
7625:
7618:
7611:
7602:
7601:
7570:2011 Duhok riots
7558:
7557:
7551:
7550:
7491:
7490:
7484:
7483:
7434:
7433:
7427:
7426:
7362:
7361:
7337:
7336:
7312:
7311:
7304:OETA (1918–1920)
7291:
7284:
7277:
7268:
7267:
7226:Israel–Hamas war
7153:Syrian civil war
7136:Sinai insurgency
7097:2006 Lebanon War
6772:Dhofar Rebellion
6707:Cyprus Emergency
6702:Jebel Akhdar War
6674:1982 Lebanon War
6664:1967 Six-Day War
6573:Dersim rebellion
6533:Ararat rebellion
6437:Al-Jazeera Front
6343:
6336:
6329:
6320:
6319:
6061:David S. Painter
5986:John Earl Haynes
5916:Nicholas J. Cull
5901:Adrian Cioroianu
5881:Thomas A. Bailey
5828:Voice of America
5719:
5718:
5631:White separatism
5611:Social democracy
5606:Guided democracy
5586:Authoritarianism
5536:Ultranationalism
5526:Anti-imperialism
5453:Marxism–Leninism
5366:
5365:
5353:Kinmen Agreement
5318:Johnson Doctrine
5303:Kennedy Doctrine
5219:Frozen conflicts
5202:1991 August Coup
5091:Afghan Civil War
4986:Reykjavík Summit
4981:Somali Rebellion
4921:Ugandan Bush War
4899:Gdańsk Agreement
4420:Protests of 1968
4400:War of Attrition
4109:Cuban Revolution
4045:We will bury you
4012:Cyprus Emergency
3992:Kashmir Princess
3982:Jebel Akhdar War
3831:Western betrayal
3516:
3509:
3502:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3437:Watry, David M.
3434:I.B. Tauris 2006
3427:I.B. Tauris 2002
3416:Kedourie, Elie;
3409:Dawisha, Adeed:
3384:
3356:
3328:
3305:
3277:
3261:
3247:
3231:
3220:
3199:
3174:
3135:
3098:
3097:
3077:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3043:
3037:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3003:
2997:
2989:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2947:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2890:
2884:
2873:
2867:
2858:
2852:
2835:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2563:
2471:Najib al Rubay’i
2457:represented the
2433:1959 instability
2330:Princess Abadiya
2282:Abdul Salam Arif
2202:Royal Iraqi Army
2162:
2134:
2112:in 1948 and the
2085:Hashemite Jordan
2008:Second World War
2002:Economic climate
1991:Fertile Crescent
1968:anti-imperialism
1943:Second World War
1910:Abdul Salam Arif
1894:Royal Iraqi Army
1887:anti-imperialist
1851:Second World War
1847:Arab nationalism
1794:
1787:
1780:
1766:
1765:
1750:Republican Party
1728:Peasant republic
1688:Communitarianism
1405:Classical Athens
1400:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1304:
1294:
1284:
1274:
1264:
1254:
1244:
478:Mixed government
412:
411:
400:
399:
391:
390:
361:
360:
352:Surat al-Haj Sri
350:
349:
339:
338:
330:Abdul Salam Arif
328:
327:
317:
316:
299:
298:
291:
282:
281:
274:
265:
264:
257:
248:
247:
219:
218:
206:
204:
203:
182:
180:
179:
168:
167:
70:
69:
58:Abdul Salam Arif
55:
38:Iraqi revolution
35:
34:
10809:
10808:
10804:
10803:
10802:
10800:
10799:
10798:
10699:
10698:
10697:
10684:
10680:Pan-Arab colors
10674:Arḍ ul-Furātayn
10661:
10636:
10566:
10547:
10521:
10422:
10366:
10313:
10272:Damascus branch
10252:
10246:
10217:Free Iraqi Army
10207:Al-Abud Network
10191:
10187:
10164:
10148:
10134:Fedayeen Saddam
10129:Ba'ath Brigades
10110:
10089:
10080:Sawt al-Jamahir
10059:
10038:Central Command
9991:
9908:
9898:
9894:
9875:
9864:
9764:
9758:
9724:
9707:
9702:Bashar al-Assad
9682:Ahmad al-Khatib
9662:
9656:
9637:
9620:
9608:
9579:Hammud al-Shufi
9544:Zuhair Masharqa
9539:Ibrahim Makhous
9524:Ahmad al-Khatib
9489:Hisham Ikhtiyar
9409:Rifaat al-Assad
9399:Bashar al-Assad
9379:
9373:
9339:Talib El-Shibib
9254:Saadoun Ghaidan
9174:
9161:
9157:Khaled Yashruti
9152:Talib El-Shibib
9142:Abdullah Rimawi
9107:Wahib al-Ghanim
9067:Bashar al-Assad
9042:
9036:
9026:
9021:Bashar al-Assad
8996:Hammud al-Shufi
8984:
8962:
8941:
8926:Abdullah Rimawi
8914:
8884:Talib El-Shibib
8856:
8851:Bashar al-Assad
8819:
8787:
8755:
8736:
8658:
8597:
8576:
8541:
8537:
8526:
8519:
8510:
8500:
8496:
8493:
8463:
8458:
8440:
8376:Greater Morocco
8349:
8345:Pan-Arab colors
8340:Hawk of Quraish
8306:
8274:
8125:Arab Federation
8086:
8072:Abdullah Rimawi
8047:Mostéfa Merarda
8002:Muammar Gaddafi
7982:Ahmed Ben Bella
7957:Jamal al-Atassi
7947:Bashar al-Assad
7898:
7867:
7848:Black September
7726:Anglo-Iraqi War
7670:
7634:
7629:
7599:
7594:
7552:
7545:
7537:
7485:
7478:
7470:
7428:
7421:
7413:
7356:
7348:
7331:
7323:
7306:
7298:
7295:
7265:
7260:
7258:
7245:
7208:
7130:Egyptian Crisis
7113:
7054:
6994:
6927:
6837:
6826:Second Intifada
6736:
6680:
6577:
6543:Simele massacre
6521:
6502:Adwan Rebellion
6475:
6352:
6347:
6317:
6312:
6289:
6280:Second Cold War
6238:
6166:
6160:
6136:Odd Arne Westad
6126:Patrick Vaughan
6111:Athan Theoharis
6091:Ellen Schrecker
6076:Yakov M. Rabkin
6051:Timothy Naftali
5996:Tvrtko Jakovina
5981:Jussi Hanhimäki
5864:
5842:
5832:
5810:Paix et Liberté
5785:
5729:Active measures
5710:
5640:
5621:White supremacy
5581:Totalitarianism
5509:
5434:
5357:
5343:Reagan Doctrine
5338:Carter Doctrine
5278:Truman Doctrine
5266:
5213:
5145:
5040:Soviet reaction
4951:Ndogboyosoi War
4858:
4829:Saur Revolution
4656:1973 oil crisis
4621:Munich massacre
4529:Alcora Exercise
4524:Black September
4502:
4248:Sino-Indian War
4142:Simba rebellion
4125:
3969:Capture of the
3877:
3816:Berlin Blockade
3749:May 1947 crises
3739:Truman Doctrine
3704:Greek Civil War
3693:Blacklist Forty
3660:Gouzenko Affair
3647:Cursed soldiers
3599:Morgenthau Plan
3587:
3525:
3520:
3482:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3460:
3451:
3448:
3392:
3390:Further reading
3387:
3381:
3353:
3341:. Basingstoke:
3325:
3302:
3274:
3244:
3234:Greenwood Press
3217:
3196:
3184:. Tallahassee:
3132:
3101:
3094:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3004:
3000:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2950:
2936:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2876:
2868:
2861:
2853:
2838:
2830:, p. 142;
2826:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2751:, p. 109;
2747:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2599:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2519:
2503:
2441:
2435:
2409:told President
2405:(CIA) Director
2399:U.S. government
2375:
2370:
2354:Bab al-Mu'azzam
2308:al-Rahab Palace
2214:
2198:Camille Chamoun
2171:
2122:
2105:
2035:
2004:
1939:
1934:
1922:Al-Rehab Palace
1832:Kingdom of Iraq
1798:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1445:Trienio Liberal
1386:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1233:
1225:
1224:
960:Flynn (Stephen)
845:
837:
836:
677:
669:
668:
594:
586:
585:
541:
533:
532:
528:Social equality
523:Social contract
513:Self-governance
468:Democratization
443:Anti-corruption
438:Anti-monarchism
433:
417:Politics series
402:
394:
393:
385:
355:
354:
344:
343:
333:
332:
322:
321:
311:
293:
292:
276:
275:
259:
258:
242:
223:
213:
201:
199:
198:
184:Kingdom of Iraq
177:
175:
170:Arab Federation
162:
138:Arab Federation
88:
56:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10807:
10797:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10694:
10693:
10690:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10683:
10682:
10677:
10669:
10667:
10663:
10662:
10660:
10659:
10652:
10644:
10642:
10638:
10637:
10635:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10597:Arab socialism
10594:
10589:
10584:
10578:
10576:
10568:
10567:
10557:
10556:
10553:
10552:
10549:
10548:
10546:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10529:
10527:
10523:
10522:
10520:
10519:
10518:
10517:
10507:
10506:
10505:
10500:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10434:
10432:
10428:
10427:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10420:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10374:
10372:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10328:
10326:
10319:
10315:
10314:
10312:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10275:
10274:
10264:
10258:
10256:
10248:
10247:
10245:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10227:Jeish Muhammad
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10203:
10201:
10193:
10192:
10178:
10177:
10174:
10173:
10170:
10169:
10166:
10165:
10163:
10162:
10156:
10154:
10150:
10149:
10147:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10125:
10123:
10116:
10112:
10111:
10109:
10108:
10103:
10097:
10095:
10094:Popular fronts
10091:
10090:
10088:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10071:
10069:
10065:
10064:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10057:
10052:
10051:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
9999:
9997:
9993:
9992:
9990:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9948:
9947:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9921:
9919:
9912:
9900:
9899:
9885:
9884:
9881:
9880:
9877:
9876:
9873:
9870:
9869:
9866:
9865:
9863:
9862:
9859:Hussein Arnous
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9794:Hafez al-Assad
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9770:
9768:
9760:
9759:
9757:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9744:Sa'dun Hammadi
9741:
9739:Saddam Hussein
9736:
9730:
9728:
9717:
9713:
9712:
9709:
9708:
9706:
9705:
9699:
9689:
9687:Hafez al-Assad
9684:
9679:
9674:
9668:
9666:
9658:
9657:
9655:
9654:
9652:Saddam Hussein
9649:
9643:
9641:
9630:
9629:Heads of state
9626:
9625:
9622:
9621:
9616:
9614:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9594:Muhammad Umran
9591:
9589:Hasan Turkmani
9586:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9404:Hafez al-Assad
9401:
9396:
9394:Hussein Arnous
9391:
9385:
9383:
9375:
9374:
9372:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9319:Fuad al-Rikabi
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9269:Saddam Hussein
9266:
9261:
9259:Sa'dun Hammadi
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9180:
9178:
9167:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9137:Fuad al-Rikabi
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9072:Hafez al-Assad
9069:
9064:
9062:Zaki al-Arsuzi
9059:
9054:
9048:
9046:
9032:
9031:
9028:
9027:
9025:
9024:
9018:
9016:Hafez al-Assad
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8992:
8990:
8986:
8985:
8983:
8982:
8976:
8970:
8968:
8964:
8963:
8961:
8960:
8955:
8949:
8947:
8943:
8942:
8940:
8939:
8936:Akram al-Homsi
8933:
8928:
8922:
8920:
8916:
8915:
8913:
8912:
8906:
8901:
8899:Saddam Hussein
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8879:Fuad al-Rikabi
8875:
8873:
8866:
8862:
8861:
8858:
8857:
8855:
8854:
8848:
8838:
8836:Hafez al-Assad
8833:
8827:
8825:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8817:
8811:
8806:
8804:Saddam Hussein
8801:
8795:
8793:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8785:
8780:
8774:
8772:
8765:
8757:
8756:
8746:
8745:
8742:
8741:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8722:Iraqi conflict
8719:
8717:Faith Campaign
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8688:
8687:
8677:
8675:Ba'athist Iraq
8672:
8666:
8664:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8656:
8651:
8649:1964 Hama riot
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8605:
8603:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8595:
8590:
8584:
8582:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8553:
8551:
8543:
8542:
8528:
8527:
8525:
8524:
8515:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8492:
8491:
8484:
8477:
8469:
8460:
8459:
8457:
8456:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8439:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8357:
8355:
8354:Related topics
8351:
8350:
8348:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8316:
8314:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8297:
8290:
8282:
8280:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8220:Islamic Legion
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8110:Al-Mourabitoun
8107:
8102:
8096:
8094:
8088:
8087:
8085:
8084:
8079:
8077:Hamdeen Sabahi
8074:
8069:
8067:Fuad al-Rikabi
8064:
8059:
8057:Adnan Pachachi
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8027:Saddam Hussein
8024:
8019:
8017:Sati' al-Husri
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7952:Hafez al-Assad
7949:
7944:
7942:Zaki al-Arsuzi
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7908:
7906:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7875:
7873:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7823:Aden Emergency
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7768:Iraqi Intifada
7765:
7760:
7759:
7758:
7753:
7751:Yom Kippur War
7748:
7743:
7738:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7712:
7711:
7701:
7696:
7695:
7694:
7684:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7646:Arab socialism
7642:
7640:
7636:
7635:
7628:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7605:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7561:
7559:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7494:
7492:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7437:
7435:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7365:
7363:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7346:
7340:
7338:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7321:
7315:
7313:
7300:
7299:
7294:
7293:
7286:
7279:
7271:
7262:
7261:
7250:
7247:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7240:Red Sea crisis
7236:
7229:
7222:
7216:
7214:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7139:
7127:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7100:
7099:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7070:
7062:
7060:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7002:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6992:
6987:
6985:Mecca massacre
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6961:
6960:
6948:
6943:
6935:
6933:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6835:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6821:First Intifada
6818:
6806:
6804:1964 Hama riot
6801:
6799:Aden Emergency
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6774:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6762:
6750:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6630:
6625:
6623:Al-Waziri coup
6620:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6384:
6383:
6366:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6353:
6346:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6323:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6246:
6244:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6170:
6168:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6106:Timothy Snyder
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6036:Vojtech Mastny
6033:
6031:Geir Lundestad
6028:
6023:
6021:Walter Laqueur
6018:
6016:Walter LaFeber
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5946:André Fontaine
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5876:Gar Alperovitz
5872:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5846:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5806:
5801:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5776:
5771:
5764:
5757:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5725:
5723:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5616:Third-Worldism
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5405:Libertarianism
5402:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5385:
5383:Chicago school
5380:
5374:
5372:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5328:Nixon Doctrine
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5274:
5272:
5271:Foreign policy
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5223:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5056:Operation RYAN
5053:
5048:
5043:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4961:Able Archer 83
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4877:
4872:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4711:Oromo conflict
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4651:Yom Kippur War
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4283:Aden Emergency
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:Papua conflict
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4104:Kitchen Debate
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4064:Sputnik crisis
4061:
4056:
4048:
4041:
4036:
4034:Polish October
4031:
4026:
4021:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:Pact of Madrid
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3889:Bamboo Curtain
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3629:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3519:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3479:. 28 July 1958
3469:
3459:. 21 July 1958
3447:
3446:External links
3444:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3399:Blackwell 2000
3391:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:978-0521702478
3379:
3361:Tripp, Charles
3357:
3352:978-1403917706
3351:
3329:
3324:978-0761852582
3323:
3306:
3301:978-0813343495
3300:
3292:Westview Press
3278:
3272:
3264:Westview Press
3248:
3242:
3221:
3215:
3200:
3194:
3175:
3149:(2): 227–250.
3136:
3130:
3107:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3059:
3044:
3042:, p. 158.
3029:
3017:
2998:
2967:
2965:, p. 173.
2948:
2930:
2928:, p. 252.
2918:
2916:, p. 157.
2906:
2891:
2889:, p. 156.
2874:
2872:, p. 152.
2859:
2857:, p. 151.
2836:
2820:
2818:, p. 142.
2808:
2793:
2791:, p. 131.
2781:
2779:, p. 129.
2769:
2767:, p. 128.
2757:
2755:, p. 127.
2741:
2739:, p. 108.
2729:
2706:
2704:, p. 117.
2694:
2682:
2673:
2671:, p. 134.
2656:
2654:, p. 125.
2644:
2642:, p. 124.
2632:
2617:
2615:, p. 115.
2605:
2603:, p. 233.
2586:
2574:
2557:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2511:Ba'athist Iraq
2502:
2499:
2437:Main article:
2434:
2431:
2393:, 14 July 1958
2383:downtown Amman
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2326:Princess Hiyam
2213:
2210:
2170:
2167:
2121:
2120:Discord mounts
2118:
2114:Iraqi Intifada
2104:
2101:
2034:
2031:
2003:
2000:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1836:Iraqi Republic
1824:King Faisal II
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:Egalitarianism
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:Related topics
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1643:United Kingdom
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1425:Dutch Republic
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1393:
1391:Roman Republic
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
832:Wollstonecraft
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
420:
419:
408:
407:
381:
380:
376:
375:
371:
370:
366:
365:
309:
301:Ibrahim Hashem
250:King Faisal II
239:
238:
234:
233:
232:
231:
228:
210:
194:
193:
192:
191:
158:
157:
153:
152:
149:
148:
147:
146:
144:Iraqi Republic
140:
134:
124:
118:
112:
111:and his family
105:
103:Iraqi monarchy
94:
90:
89:
84:
82:
78:
77:
74:
66:
65:
48:
47:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10806:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10706:
10704:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10675:
10671:
10670:
10668:
10664:
10658:
10657:
10653:
10651:
10650:
10646:
10645:
10643:
10639:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10617:Republicanism
10615:
10613:
10612:Progressivism
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10579:
10577:
10573:
10569:
10565:Miscellaneous
10562:
10558:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10530:
10528:
10524:
10516:
10513:
10512:
10511:
10508:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10495:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10435:
10433:
10429:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10375:
10373:
10369:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10329:
10327:
10323:
10320:
10316:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10273:
10270:
10269:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10259:
10257:
10255:
10249:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10232:Rejectionists
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10204:
10202:
10198:
10194:
10190:
10183:
10179:
10161:
10158:
10157:
10155:
10151:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10126:
10124:
10120:
10117:
10113:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10098:
10096:
10092:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10070:
10066:
10056:
10053:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10035:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9998:
9994:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9946:
9943:
9942:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9922:
9920:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9905:
9901:
9897:
9890:
9886:
9874:* = incumbent
9871:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9784:Yusuf Zuayyin
9782:
9780:
9779:Amin al-Hafiz
9777:
9775:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9767:
9761:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9731:
9729:
9727:
9721:
9718:
9714:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9696:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9672:Amin al-Hafiz
9670:
9669:
9667:
9665:
9659:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9644:
9642:
9640:
9634:
9631:
9627:
9619:
9615:
9611:
9605:
9604:Yusuf Zuayyin
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9584:Mustafa Tlass
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9504:Sami al-Jundi
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9459:Amin al-Hafiz
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9449:Marwan Habash
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9386:
9384:
9382:
9376:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9349:Khamis Sirhan
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9264:Qusay Hussein
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9179:
9177:
9171:
9168:
9164:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9127:Zuheir Mohsen
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9112:Amin al-Hafiz
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9045:
9039:
9033:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9006:Amin al-Hafiz
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8993:
8991:
8987:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8971:
8969:
8965:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8950:
8948:
8944:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8923:
8921:
8917:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8870:
8867:
8863:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8822:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8790:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8769:
8766:
8762:
8758:
8751:
8747:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8686:
8683:
8682:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8667:
8665:
8661:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8600:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8585:
8583:
8579:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8548:
8544:
8540:
8533:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8516:
8514:
8513:
8507:
8506:
8503:
8499:
8490:
8485:
8483:
8478:
8476:
8471:
8470:
8467:
8455:
8447:
8446:
8443:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8386:Greater Yemen
8384:
8382:
8381:Greater Syria
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8352:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8317:
8315:
8313:
8309:
8303:
8302:
8298:
8296:
8295:
8291:
8289:
8288:
8284:
8283:
8281:
8277:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8093:
8092:Organizations
8089:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8012:George Habash
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7992:Izzat Darwaza
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7927:Yasser Arafat
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7904:Personalities
7901:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7879:Arab identity
7877:
7876:
7874:
7870:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7793:Arab Cold War
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7673:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7637:
7633:
7626:
7621:
7619:
7614:
7612:
7607:
7606:
7603:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7556:
7549:
7544:
7540:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7489:
7482:
7477:
7473:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7432:
7425:
7420:
7416:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7360:
7355:
7351:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7330:
7326:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7310:
7305:
7301:
7292:
7287:
7285:
7280:
7278:
7273:
7272:
7269:
7257:
7255:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7237:
7235:
7234:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7193:Yemeni crisis
7191:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7163:
7162:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7149:
7145:
7144:
7140:
7138:
7137:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7116:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7093:
7092:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7075:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7057:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6959:
6958:
6954:
6953:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6940:Iran–Iraq War
6937:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6891:NDF Rebellion
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6840:
6834:
6831:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6591:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6472:
6469:
6465:
6464:United States
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6344:
6339:
6337:
6332:
6330:
6325:
6324:
6321:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6270:War on terror
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6165:Espionage and
6163:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6116:Andrew Thorpe
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6011:Gabriel Kolko
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5976:Fred Halliday
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5961:Lloyd Gardner
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5921:Norman Davies
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5906:John Costello
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5841:Technological
5839:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5722:Pro-communist
5720:
5717:
5713:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:Organizations
5647:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:Eurocommunism
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5360:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5293:Domino theory
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5247:South Ossetia
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5031:8888 Uprising
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4976:Iran–Iraq War
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4941:Falklands War
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4804:NDF Rebellion
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:German Autumn
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4671:Metapolitefsi
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4435:
4433:
4432:Prague Spring
4430:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:Al-Wadiah War
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4375:12-3 incident
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:Domino theory
3952:
3950:
3949:Petrov Affair
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Madiun Affair
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Marshall Plan
3784:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3535:United States
3532:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3512:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3478:
3477:Time Magazine
3474:
3470:
3458:
3457:Time Magazine
3454:
3450:
3449:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3382:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3333:Simons, Geoff
3330:
3326:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3273:9780813336152
3269:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3095:
3093:9780520921245
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3069:
3068:Makiya, Kanan
3063:
3057:, p. 76.
3056:
3051:
3049:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3027:, p. 220
3026:
3021:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2834:, p. 76.
2833:
2829:
2824:
2817:
2812:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2727:, p. 75.
2726:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2703:
2698:
2692:, p. 74.
2691:
2686:
2677:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2630:, p. 73.
2629:
2624:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2584:, p. 72.
2583:
2578:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2401:by surprise.
2400:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:to deal with
2309:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2275:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2142:Free Officers
2139:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:United States
2090:
2089:Great Britain
2087:in May 1958.
2086:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2009:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1900:. A group of
1899:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1660:United States
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Metapolitefsi
1533:
1531:
1528:
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1523:
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1508:
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1471:
1468:
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1406:
1403:
1401:
1399:
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1389:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1370:
1369:On Revolution
1366:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:Rights of Man
1336:
1331:
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1326:
1321:
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1300:
1296:
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1256:
1251:
1250:
1249:De re publica
1246:
1241:
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1236:
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1221:
1218:
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1213:
1211:
1208:
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1128:
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1123:
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1103:
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1096:
1093:
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1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:Jones (Lynne)
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
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998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
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888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
850:Adams (Gerry)
848:
847:
841:
840:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
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795:
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788:
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748:
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743:
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738:
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733:
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723:
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718:
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693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
673:
672:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
649:Revolutionary
647:
645:
642:
640:
639:Parliamentary
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
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590:
589:
582:
579:
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572:
569:
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562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
537:
536:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
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494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
448:Civil society
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
429:
428:
425:
424:Republicanism
422:
421:
418:
414:
413:
406:
403:
398:
389:
382:
377:
374:15,000 troops
372:
367:
364:
363:Nazem Tabakli
359:
353:
348:
342:
337:
331:
326:
320:
315:
310:
308:
307:
302:
297:
290:
285:
280:
273:
268:
263:
256:
251:
246:
241:
240:
235:
229:
226:
225:
224:
222:
221:Free Officers
217:
211:
209:
197:
196:Supported by:
190:
187:
186:
185:
174:
173:
172:
171:
166:
160:
159:
154:
145:
141:
139:
135:
133:
129:
125:
123:
119:
117:
113:
110:
106:
104:
100:
99:
98:
95:
92:
91:
87:
83:
80:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
49:
46:
45:Arab Cold War
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
10714:1958 in Iraq
10672:
10654:
10647:
10587:Anti-Zionism
10200:Armed groups
10144:Popular Army
10122:Paramilitary
9895:Organization
9694:
9429:Muhsen Bilal
9132:Munif Razzaz
9052:Michel Aflaq
8974:Isam al-Qadi
8931:Munif Razzaz
8843:
8799:Michel Aflaq
8783:Munif Razzaz
8778:Michel Aflaq
8613:
8588:Michel Aflaq
8550:Predecessors
8517:
8508:
8421:Pan-Islamism
8299:
8292:
8285:
8185:Ba'ath Party
8062:Ameen Rihani
7922:Jassem Alwan
7917:Michel Aflaq
7777:
7773:Algerian War
7699:Iraqi Revolt
7408:
7251:
7238:
7231:
7224:
7198:
7197:
7185:
7178:
7159:
7151:
7150:
7141:
7134:
7089:
7072:
7065:
7033:
7005:
6955:
6938:
6868:
6808:
6776:
6752:
6726:
6646:
6632:
6590:World War II
6588:
6424:
6368:
6275:Brinkmanship
6167:intelligence
6056:Marius Oprea
6006:Harvey Klehr
5936:Herbert Feis
5926:Willem Drees
5891:Archie Brown
5808:
5796:
5778:
5768:Trybuna Ludu
5766:
5759:
5755:Radio Moscow
5747:
5740:
5733:
5561:Anti-Zionism
5477:
5400:Keynesianism
5388:Conservatism
5252:Transnistria
5232:China-Taiwan
4889:Gera Demands
4762:
4563:
4438:
4243:El Porteñazo
4137:Congo Crisis
4073:
4052:
3987:Algerian War
3970:
3846:Western Bloc
3841:Eastern Bloc
3836:Iron Curtain
3692:
3684:
3676:
3653:
3633:
3625:
3542:Soviet Union
3540:
3533:
3481:. Retrieved
3476:
3461:. Retrieved
3456:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3365:
3337:
3310:
3286:
3283:
3257:
3227:
3205:
3180:
3146:
3140:
3120:. New York:
3116:
3104:Bibliography
3103:
3102:
3073:
3062:
3020:
3011:
3001:
2990:
2977:
2970:
2941:
2933:
2921:
2909:
2904:, p. ?.
2823:
2811:
2789:Barnett 1998
2784:
2777:Barnett 1998
2772:
2765:Barnett 1998
2760:
2753:Barnett 1998
2744:
2732:
2697:
2685:
2676:
2647:
2635:
2608:
2577:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2507:Kanan Makiya
2504:
2491:Baghdad Pact
2488:
2461:population;
2452:
2444:
2442:
2419:
2416:
2407:Allen Dulles
2396:
2361:'Abd al-Ilah
2358:
2342:
2323:
2319:'Abd al-Ilah
2316:Crown Prince
2305:
2301:
2298:
2286:
2279:
2270:
2257:Nuri al-Said
2253:'Abd al-Ilah
2239:
2234:Michel Aflaq
2205:
2191:
2172:
2157:
2150:
2129:
2123:
2106:
2078:
2058:Baghdad Pact
2055:
2036:
2012:
2005:
1987:Nuri al-Said
1972:
1940:
1926:Soviet Union
1908:and Colonel
1898:King Hussein
1891:
1863:Nuri al-Said
1855:Baghdad Pact
1844:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1732:
1509:
1367:
1357:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1050:Jones (Elin)
955:Flynn (Paul)
915:Clarke (Tom)
910:Clark (Katy)
855:Adams (John)
676:Philosophers
453:Civic virtue
415:Part of the
404:
384:
305:
284:Nuri al-Said
230:20th Brigade
227:19th Brigade
212:
195:
161:
156:Belligerents
122:Nuri al-Said
96:
76:14 July 1958
43:Part of the
32:
10632:Vanguardism
10607:Pan-Arabism
10237:Snake Party
10023:South Yemen
9854:Imad Khamis
9599:Salim Yasin
9519:Imad Khamis
9494:Salah Jadid
9479:Hilal Hilal
9474:Salim Hatum
9439:Ahmad Diyab
9364:Tahir Yahya
9122:Salah Jadid
9102:Elias Farah
8979:Rakad Salem
8953:Assem Qanso
8557:Arab Ba'ath
8115:Arab Ba'ath
8037:Salah Jadid
7894:Arabization
7741:Six-Day War
7736:Suez Crisis
7682:Arab Revolt
7661:Pan-Arabism
7254:World War I
6712:Suez Crisis
6659:Suez Crisis
6388:Arab Revolt
6370:World War I
6101:Shen Zhihua
5911:Michael Cox
5843:competition
5790:Pro-Western
5780:Soviet Life
5706:Safari Club
5676:Warsaw Pact
5531:Nationalism
5521:Imperialism
5420:Reaganomics
5283:Containment
5076:Perestroika
4565:Realpolitik
4395:Six-Day War
4380:Greek junta
4191:Berlin Wall
4039:Suez Crisis
4007:Vietnam War
3894:McCarthyism
3709:Baruch Plan
3654:Unthinkable
3614:Dekemvriana
3553:Warsaw Pact
3252:Marr, Phebe
3082:. pp.
3025:Simons 2003
2938:Simons 2003
2926:Simons 2003
2804:Simons 2003
2566:Romero 2011
2346:Iraqi dinar
2206:coup d'état
2154:Suez Crisis
2027:Lord Salter
1995:Arab League
1983:imperialism
1941:During the
1918:Abd al-Ilah
1859:Suez Crisis
1815:coup d'état
1683:Common good
1623:New Zealand
1618:Netherlands
1363:(1835–1840)
1333:(1787–1788)
1243:(c. 375 BC)
1165:Robespierre
940:Etherington
875:Benn (Tony)
844:Politicians
822:Tocqueville
782:Montesquieu
762:Machiavelli
508:Rule of law
503:Res publica
189:Royal Guard
136:End of the
126:End of the
116:Abd al-Ilah
10703:Categories
10641:Literature
10627:Secularism
10515:in Lebanon
10068:Newspapers
10013:Mauritania
9967:Mauritania
9834:Adel Safar
9234:Tariq Aziz
8844:(de facto)
8754:Leadership
8663:Post-split
8279:Literature
7972:Tariq Aziz
7889:Arab world
7884:Arab Union
7813:Dhofar War
5869:Historians
5860:Space Race
5761:Rudé právo
5715:Propaganda
5571:Neo-Nazism
5541:Chauvinism
5495:Trotskyism
5410:Monetarism
5378:Liberalism
5370:Capitalism
5362:Ideologies
5313:Ostpolitik
5036:Solidarity
5001:Toyota War
4904:Solidarity
4761:Operation
4716:Ogaden War
4405:Dhofar War
4293:Shifta War
4051:Operation
3899:Korean War
3691:Operation
3683:Operation
3675:Operation
3652:Operation
3632:Operation
3624:Operation
2984:. p.
2963:Mufti 2003
2870:Eppel 2004
2855:Eppel 2004
2828:Tripp 2007
2816:Tripp 2007
2702:Tripp 2007
2690:Eppel 2004
2669:Tripp 2007
2652:Tripp 2007
2640:Tripp 2007
2613:Tripp 2007
2601:Eppel 1998
2568:, p.
2549:References
2450:country."
2423:the Senate
2391:deposition
2103:Precursors
2039:Salih Jabr
1875:Pan-Arabic
1849:since the
1723:Monarchism
1713:Liberalism
1708:Jacobinism
1398:Gaṇasaṅgha
1253:(54–51 BC)
737:Harrington
614:Democratic
604:Capitalist
599:Autonomous
581:Venizelism
566:Khomeinism
10666:Symbolism
10622:Saddamism
10602:Ba'athism
10085:Al-Thawra
10075:Al-Ba'ath
10018:Palestine
9972:Palestine
9695:(interim)
8967:Palestine
8771:Pre-split
8692:Arab Belt
8602:Pre-split
8312:Symbolism
7656:Nasserism
7651:Ba'athism
6156:Ken Young
6001:Tony Judt
5850:Arms race
5823:Red Scare
5691:NN States
5636:Apartheid
5591:Autocracy
5500:Stalinism
5468:Guevarism
5458:Castroism
5448:Communism
5440:Socialism
4966:Star Wars
4559:Koza riot
3685:Beleaguer
3677:Masterdom
3171:163021316
3055:Hunt 2005
3040:Marr 2003
2943:bastourma
2914:Marr 2003
2902:Marr 2003
2887:Marr 2003
2832:Hunt 2005
2749:Hunt 2005
2737:Hunt 2005
2725:Hunt 2005
2628:Hunt 2005
2582:Hunt 2005
2368:Aftermath
2334:Hashemite
2160:wataniyah
2148:in 1952.
2116:of 1952.
1960:Palestine
1873:in 1952.
1828:Hashemite
1578:Australia
1210:Venizelos
1200:Spadolini
1190:Slaughter
1135:McDonnell
1100:Mackenzie
1045:Jefferson
1000:Griffiths
980:de Gaulle
975:Garibaldi
935:Drakeford
827:Warburton
747:Jefferson
742:Honderich
722:Condorcet
609:Christian
571:Nasserism
546:Classical
463:Democracy
107:Death of
10575:Ideology
10378:Ahd Bloc
8581:Founders
8454:Category
8396:Islamism
8105:Al-Fatat
7872:Concepts
7639:Ideology
7067:Iraq War
6308:Timeline
6298:Category
6243:See also
5735:Izvestia
5576:Islamism
5473:Hoxhaism
5348:Rollback
5227:Abkhazia
5167:Gulf War
5071:Glasnost
4441:incident
4211:Sand War
4069:Ifni War
3578:Rio Pact
3523:Cold War
3363:(2007).
3335:(2003).
3254:(2003).
3114:(1998).
3070:(1998).
2517:See also
2314:and the
2263:knives,
2261:shawerma
2181:and the
2138:anathema
2132:qawmiyah
2091:and the
2066:Pakistan
1955:Pan-Arab
1889:causes.
1812:, was a
1648:Scotland
1588:Barbados
1239:Republic
1155:Prescott
1125:Naysmith
1115:McKechin
1075:La Malfa
1070:Khomeini
1030:Iorwerth
995:Griffith
970:Gambetta
965:Galloway
950:Ferguson
930:Davidson
925:Cromwell
920:Connolly
900:Campbell
817:Sunstein
802:Rousseau
797:Polybius
732:Franklin
712:Chappell
707:Cattaneo
644:People's
629:Imperial
561:Kemalism
498:Republic
432:Concepts
369:Strength
81:Location
10503:Unified
10498:Bakdash
10325:Current
10289:Al-Awda
10043:History
10008:Lebanon
9982:Tunisia
9957:Lebanon
9930:Bahrain
9925:Algeria
9040:of the
9037:Members
8946:Lebanon
8685:Members
8538:History
8100:Al-Awda
7675:History
6459:Revolts
5798:Amerika
5681:Comecon
5566:Fascism
5556:Zionism
5505:Titoism
5046:Contras
4514:Détente
3791:Comecon
3483:27 July
3463:27 July
2484:Marxist
2294:Baghdad
1914:Baghdad
1834:. The
1613:Morocco
1603:Jamaica
1598:Ireland
1583:Bahamas
1385:History
1205:Taverne
1180:Skinner
1160:Ritchie
1105:Madison
1085:Lincoln
1035:Jackson
1025:Huppert
1020:Hopkins
945:Fabiani
905:Chapman
890:Bolívar
880:Bennett
870:Bartley
860:Atatürk
772:Mazzini
767:Madison
697:Bentham
687:Baggini
654:Secular
634:Islamic
619:Federal
556:Federal
540:Schools
10371:Former
10003:Jordan
9952:Jordan
8919:Jordan
5749:Pravda
5551:Racism
5490:Maoism
5242:Kosovo
4763:Condor
4439:Pueblo
4425:May 68
4053:Gladio
3971:Tuapse
3634:Jungle
3626:Priboi
3377:
3349:
3321:
3298:
3270:
3240:
3213:
3192:
3169:
3163:164701
3161:
3128:
3090:
2480:Ba'ath
2473:, the
2469:; and
2465:, the
2387:Jordan
2338:Tigris
2070:Turkey
2068:, and
1638:Sweden
1628:Norway
1593:Canada
1373:(1963)
1353:(1794)
1343:(1791)
1323:(1762)
1313:(1755)
1303:(1748)
1293:(1698)
1283:(1656)
1273:(1649)
1263:(1531)
1215:Wilson
1185:Slater
1175:Skates
1130:Mannin
1120:Mullin
1095:Mackay
1060:Juárez
1015:Hébert
1010:Hatton
1005:Harvie
895:Burgon
812:Sidney
807:Sandel
792:Pettit
717:Cicero
682:Arendt
664:Soviet
659:Sister
551:Modern
303:
286:
269:
252:
205:
181:
93:Result
10473:Sawab
10153:Youth
10115:Wings
10055:Yemen
10033:Syria
10028:Sudan
9987:Yemen
9977:Sudan
9962:Libya
9935:Egypt
9765:Syria
9663:Syria
9613:Yemen
9380:Syria
8989:Syria
8200:Fatah
7213:2020s
7118:2010s
7059:2000s
6999:1990s
6932:1980s
6842:1970s
6741:1960s
6685:1950s
6582:1940s
6526:1930s
6480:1920s
6357:1910s
6234:Stasi
5701:SAARC
5696:ASEAN
5661:SEATO
5514:Other
5479:Juche
5237:Korea
5150:1990s
4863:1980s
4507:1970s
4130:1960s
3882:1950s
3592:1940s
3573:NEATO
3568:SEATO
3558:ANZUS
3167:S2CID
3159:JSTOR
3086:–51.
3014:. L3.
2554:Notes
2475:Sunni
2467:Kurds
2459:Shi'a
2350:abaya
2274:Sunni
2265:Pasha
2060:with
1975:Egypt
1964:Syria
1869:that
1830:-led
1653:Wales
1633:Spain
1608:Japan
1195:Smith
1170:Sayed
1150:Pound
1145:Nehru
1140:Nandy
1110:Magid
1090:Lucas
1080:Lewis
990:Grévy
985:Greer
885:Black
865:Azaña
787:Paine
757:Locke
727:Crick
702:Bodin
692:Bello
593:Types
9940:Iraq
9725:Iraq
9638:Iraq
9175:Iraq
8872:Iraq
5774:TASS
5666:METO
5656:NATO
4882:and
4880:1980
4437:USS
3563:METO
3548:NATO
3485:2009
3465:2009
3375:ISBN
3347:ISBN
3319:ISBN
3296:ISBN
3268:ISBN
3238:ISBN
3211:ISBN
3190:ISBN
3126:ISBN
3088:ISBN
2993:here
2425:and
2192:The
2062:Iran
1962:and
1820:Iraq
1804:The
1220:Wood
1065:Kane
777:Mill
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6229:KGB
6224:MVD
6209:MI6
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6199:CIA
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3151:doi
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1040:Jay
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