1880 Democratic National Convention

414: 377:. He was nominated on the second ballot, and campaigned on a platform of reform and sound money (i.e. the gold standard). His opponent was Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio, likewise noted for his honesty and hard-money views. After the closely contested election, with the question still unresolved, Congress and President Grant agreed to submit the dispute to a bipartisan Electoral Commission, which would determine the fate of the disputed electoral votes. Tilden opposed the idea, but many Democrats supported it as the only way to avoid a second Civil War. The commission voted 8–7 to award Hayes the disputed votes. Congressional Democrats acquiesced in Hayes's election, but at a price: the new Republican president 926:, a former governor of Texas and Confederate soldier, spoke in favor Hancock as his state seconded the Pennsylvanian's nomination. Hubbard praised Hancock's conduct as military governor of Texas and Louisiana, saying, "in our hour of sorrow, when he held his power at the hands of the great dominant Republican party ... there stood a man with the constitution before him, reading it as the fathers read it; that the war having ended we resumed the habiliments that as a right belong to us, not as a conquered province, but as a free people." The last few states were called and the nominations ended. After a motion to adjourn failed, the delegates proceeded directly to the balloting. 1651: 1613: 1670: 1632: 405:, suggesting that his health might force him to decline the nomination. Tilden hoped to be nominated, but only if he was the unanimous choice of the convention; if not, Manning was entrusted to make the contents of Tilden's letter available to the New York delegation. When it became clear that the nomination would be contested, Manning revealed the contents of the Tilden letter; it was vague and inconclusive, but once is contents became known to Tilden's home state delegates, they chose to interpret it as a withdrawal. The New York delegation now considered Tilden's candidacy to be ended, and sought a new standard-bearer. 705: 467: 640: 662: 1753: 1736:, a banker and former representative from Indiana. English, a member of the Indiana delegation, was fairly unknown to most delegates. He had been a Bayard enthusiast and was known as a successful businessman and hard money supporter; more crucially, he hailed from an important swing state. While Hendricks was a better-known representative of Indiana, Easterners in the party preferred English, who they saw as sounder on the money question. Several states seconded the nomination. 582:. Like Tilden, Randall was conservative on the money question but, unusually for a Democrat, he supported high tariffs to protect American industry. He also advocated legislation to reduce the power of monopolies. Tilden had supported Randall in his quest to become Speaker of the House, and Randall returned the favor by remaining a loyal Tilden man up to the convention. He now hoped for the support of the former Tilden adherents in his quest for the presidency. Former Governor 453:, in 1861. As the states of the Deep South were seceding from the Union, a young Bayard had proclaimed "with this secession, or revolution, or rebellion, or by whatever name it may be called, the State of Delaware has naught to do", and urged that the South be permitted to withdraw from the Union in peace. To many in the South, this confirmed their view of Bayard as their champion, but paradoxically it weakened Bayard's support with other Southerners, who feared that a former 935: 756: 619: 726: 683: 401:, as an independent candidate for governor, allowing the Republicans to carry the state with a plurality of the vote. Tilden began to waver, issuing ambiguous statements about whether he would run again. Rumors circulated wildly in the months before the convention, with no definitive word from Tilden. As the New York delegation left for the national convention in Cincinnati, Tilden gave a letter to one of his chief supporters, 304:. After the war, bondholders and other creditors (especially in the North) wanted to return to a gold standard. At the same time, debtors (often in the South and West) benefited by the way inflation reduced their debts, and workers and some businessmen liked the way inflation made for easy credit. The issue cut across parties, producing dissension among Republicans and Democrats alike and spawning a third party, the 1693: 366:, but the two men soon became enemies. In the early 1870s, as reports of Tammany's corruption spread, Tilden took up the cause of reform. He formed a rival faction that captured control of the party and led the effort to uncover proof of Tammany's corruption and remove its men from office. Tweed was soon indicted and convicted; Tammany was weakened and reformed, but not vanquished. 42: 37: 571:, who controlled their home state's delegation. Thurman looked like a natural successor to Tilden, as a popular conservative from a swing state with a background as an attorney, but he, like Bayard, had earned Tilden's enmity by serving on the Electoral Commission. Thurman was also less wedded to the gold standard than some Northeastern delegates would tolerate. 1790:, among others. Republicans characterized Hancock as uninformed on the issues, and some of his former comrades-in-arms gave critical speeches regarding his character. Democrats never made clear what about their victory would improve the nation; Hancock biographer David M. Jordan later characterized their message as simply "our man is better than your man". 814:

Hall Democrats to have been regularly elected; Tammany was consequently excluded. Debate followed, in which some delegates urged compromise, with the idea that a united delegation would help unite the party in New York in the coming general election. The argument was unpersuasive, as the delegates endorsed the committee's decision by a vote of 457 to

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attempting to strike a moderate stance, he said "the tariff question is a local question". The answer seemed only to reinforce the Republicans' characterization of him as ignorant of the issues. In the end, fewer than two thousand votes separated the two candidates, but in the Electoral College, Garfield had an easy victory over Hancock, 214 to 155.

385:

Delaware) enemies now for their support of the Electoral Commission, and sought to keep the "fraud of '76" in the spotlight and burnish his own future candidacy by having his congressional allies investigate the events of the post-election maneuvering. For ten months beginning in May 1878, the Potter Committee, chaired by Democratic Congressman

950:" as the ballots were tallied. The results showed that the delegates had scattered their ballots to a variety of candidates, with no one close to the 492 necessary to nominate (at that time, Democratic conventions required a two-thirds majority for nomination). There was a clear delineation, however, as Hancock and Bayard, with 171 and 308:, in 1876, when both major parties nominated hard money men. Monetary debate intensified as Congress effectively demonetized silver in 1873 and began redeeming greenbacks in gold by 1879, while limiting their circulation. By the 1880 convention, the nation's money was backed by gold alone, but the issue was far from settled. 435:

The political friendship between the two quickly soured in the election's aftermath as Bayard supported the Electoral Commission and Tilden opposed it. Bayard believed the commission was the only alternative to civil war, and served as one of the Democratic members; Tilden took this as a personal betrayal.

390:

that showed state election officials of both parties in an unfavorable light. This, and Tilden's declining health, made many Democrats question his candidacy. Even so, Tilden's presumed ability to carry New York, combined with his political organization and personal fortune, made him a serious contender.

1810:

and four years of civil war, and that if they held power they would reverse the gains of that war, dishonor Union veterans, and pay Confederate veterans pensions out of the federal treasury. With fifteen years having passed since the end of the war, and Union generals at the head of both tickets, the

201:

of New York. Many Democrats believed Tilden to have been unjustly deprived of the presidency in 1876 and hoped to rally around him in the 1880 campaign. Tilden, however, was ambiguous about his willingness to participate in another campaign, leading some delegates to defect to other candidates, while

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of the New York delegation produced Tilden's letter and read it to the crowd. The first mention of Tilden's name provoked excitement, but the meaning of the message soon quieted the crowd. Peckham announced that, with Tilden's withdrawal, New York, now supported Samuel J. Randall. Moving then to the

566:

published a tale that Tilden had bowed out of the race and instructed the Irving Hall faction to back Payne for the presidency. Tilden never confirmed the rumor, but after his letter of June 1880 to the New York delegation, many of his supporters did consider Payne among their likely choices. Payne,

532:

in 1867, Hancock had won the respect of the white conservative population by issuing his General Order Number 40, in which he stated that if the residents of the district conducted themselves peacefully and the civilian officials performed their duties, then "the military power should cease to lead,

457:

would never be acceptable to Northerners. At the same time, Bayard's uncompromising stance on the money question pushed some Democrats to support Major General Winfield Scott Hancock, who had not been identified with either extreme in the gold–silver debate and had a military record that appealed to

905:

I present ... one who, on the field of battle, was styled "the Superb," ... Whose nomination will thrill the land from end to end and crush the last embers of sectional strife, and be hailed as the dawning of the longed-for day of perpetual brotherhood. ... With him as our chieftain,

888:

of Indiana spoke on behalf of Thomas A. Hendricks, praising Hendricks as a candidate of national unity: "o the South, who has been more faithful? To the North, who has been truer? To the East, who has been better, wiser, more conservative and more faithful? And to the West I need not appeal, for he

586:

of Indiana, Tilden's 1876 running mate, also sought a claim on the previous nominee's support. He came from a crucial swing state that the Democrats had narrowly carried in 1876 and had some support in the Midwestern states. His popularity with delegates from the Northeast was impaired by his views

389:

of New York, investigated allegations of fraud and corruption in the states which had contested electoral votes in 1876. Rather than produce conclusive evidence of Republican malfeasance, as Tilden's supporters hoped, the committee exonerated Tilden of wrongdoing, but uncovered conflicting evidence

1716:

of Kentucky read aloud. The spirit of unanimity continued as the delegates approved it without dissent. The platform was, in the words of historian Herbert J. Clancy, "deliberately vague and general" on some points, designed to appeal to the largest number possible. In it, they pledged to work for

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were the remaining hold-outs. After the second round was tallied, the nomination was made unanimous. Several delegates then spoke to praise Hancock and promise that he would triumph in the coming election. Even Tammany's John Kelly was permitted to speak. Kelly pledged his faction's loyalty to the

438:

In the four years that followed, Bayard sought to build support for another run at the nomination. He and Tilden competed for support among Eastern conservatives because of their support for the gold standard. The gold standard was less popular in the South, but there Bayard stacked his years-long

434:

of the Southern states after the Civil War. Like Tilden, Bayard supported the gold standard and had a reputation for honesty. At the 1876 convention, Bayard had placed a distant fifth in the balloting, but supported Tilden's cause in the general election, speaking on his behalf around the country.

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By October, Republicans shifted to a new issue: the tariff. Seizing on the Democratic platform's call for a "tariff for revenue only", Republicans told Northern workers that a Hancock presidency would weaken the tariff protection that kept them in good jobs. Hancock made the situation worse when,

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Thomas Francis Bayard is a statesman who will need no introduction to the American people. His name and record are known wherever our flag floats, aye, wherever the English tongue is spoken. ... With his sympathies as broad as this great continent, a private character as spotless as the snow

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Democrats had agreed to compromise, both being admitted as a united delegation. A similar dispute in New York was not resolved so easily: Tammany Hall and Tilden's Irving Hall had sent rival delegations as well, and neither was willing to compromise. The committee had voted to consider the Irving

316:

as a way to protect American jobs and increase prosperity. Democrats, generally, saw them as making goods unnecessarily expensive and adding to the growing federal revenues when, with the end of the Civil War, that much revenue was no longer needed. Many Northern Democrats supported high tariffs,

384:

Tilden spent the next four years as the presumptive Democratic candidate in 1880. In 1879, he declined to run for another term as governor and focused instead on building support for the 1880 presidential nomination. He considered many of his former friends (including Senator Thomas F. Bayard of

311:

Debate over tariffs would come to play a much larger role in the campaign. During the Civil War, Congress raised protective tariffs to new heights. This was done partly to pay for the war, but partly because high tariffs were popular in the North. A high tariff meant that foreign goods were more

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voters, Hancock's bid for nomination gathered steam. Some were unsure whether, after eight years of Grant, himself a former general, the party would be wise to give the nomination to another "man on horseback", but Hancock remained among the leading contenders as the convention began that June.

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convention before returning to the Democratic party after the election. Unlike many free-soil Democrats, Tilden stayed with his party in the 1850s instead of transferring his allegiance to the newly formed Republican party. When the Civil War began, he remained loyal to the Union and considered

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ran an editorial that called for the general's nomination, partly for who he was—a war hero with conservative political principles—and partly for who he was not—a known partisan of either side of the monetary or tariff debates. As Tilden and Bayard rose and fell in the estimation of Democratic

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made the case for Senator Allen G. Thurman. "Great in genius, correct in judgment," as McSweeney described him in a lengthy speech, Thurman was "of unrivaled eloquence in defense of the right, with a spotless name, he stands forth as a born leader of the people." Next came the Pennsylvania

283:

The monetary issue played a large role in selecting the nominees in 1880, but had little effect on the general election campaign. The debate concerned the basis for the United States dollar's value. Nothing but gold and silver coin had ever been legal tender in the United States until the

267:

to that time in the nation's history. The results initially indicated a Democratic victory, but the electoral votes of several states were ardently disputed until mere days before the new president was to be inaugurated. Members of both parties in Congress agreed to convene a bi-partisan

1801:

for Hancock, netting 137 electoral votes of the 185 needed for victory. To this, the Democrats needed only add a few of the closely balanced Northern states; New York (35 electoral votes) and Indiana (15) were two of their main targets, but New Jersey and the Midwestern states were also

1008:

of New York, a Tilden confidante, announced that his state, too, would shift all of its 70 votes to Hancock. After that, according to the party records, "every delegate was on his feet and the roar of ten thousand voices completely drowned the full military band in the gallery."

429:

in Delaware and had represented his state in the United States Senate since 1869. As one of a relative handful of conservative Democrats in the Senate at the time, Bayard began his career opposing vigorously, if ineffectively, the Republican majority's plans for the

798:, a Tilden associate and future governor of Ohio, was elected temporary chairman. Hoadly addressed the crowd, then adjourned the convention until 10:00 a.m. the next day, so that the Committee on Credentials could consider certain disputes among the delegates. 481:

represented an unusual confluence in the post-war nation: a man who believed in the Democratic Party's principles of states' rights and limited government, but whose anti-secessionist sentiment was unimpeachable. A native of Pennsylvania, Hancock graduated from the

603:

of the United States Supreme Court was better known, but still an unlikely contender. The only candidate from the Far West, Field was respected as a scholar of the law, but had greatly diminished his chances with his home state of California by striking down

567:

like Bayard, had served on the Electoral Commission of 1876, but had nevertheless maintained Tilden's friendship. He maintained his loyalty to Tilden until the convention, when his withdrawal was certain. Payne was hindered by a fellow Ohioan, Senator

906:

the bloody banner of the Republicans will fall from their palsied grasp. We can appeal to the supreme tribunal of the American people against the corruptions of the republican party and its untold violations of constitutional liberty.

221:. The first round of balloting was inconclusive. Before the second round, Tilden's withdrawal from the campaign became known for certain and delegates flocked to Hancock, who was nominated. English, a conservative politician from a 1012:

Nearly all of the remaining states now stampeded for Hancock. When the second vote was finally tallied, Hancock had 705. Only Indiana refrained completely from joining in, casting its 30 votes for Hendricks; two Bayard voters from

594:

of Illinois had served in Congress since 1873 and was best known for advocating tariff reductions despite hailing from a protectionist district. He commanded little support outside his home state, and was seen as only a

7012: 7007: 844:

attorney, rose to nominate Justice Stephen J. Field. Extolling Field's virtues and learning, McElrath promised that, if nominated, "he will sweep California like the winds that blow through her Golden Gate."

317:

however, for the same economic reasons that their Republican neighbors did, so while Democratic platforms called for a tariff "for revenue only," their speakers avoided the question as much as possible.

889:

is our own son." The next few states made no nominations. When the roll reached New York, there were cries from the crowd for Tilden, and some confusion when that state's delegation made no nomination.

560:, an Ohio millionaire, had gathered a number of former Tilden supporters to his cause. Payne was a corporate lawyer and hard money advocate, but also a relative unknown outside Ohio. In April 1880, the 774:

style, which had opened in 1878. Intended, as the name suggests, for musical performances, the hall also functioned as Cincinnati's convention center until a separate building was constructed in 1967.

1782:, Hancock remained on active duty throughout the campaign). Both parties' campaigns began with a focus on the candidates rather than the issues. Democratic newspapers attacked the Republican nominee, 996:, just above Bayard's 112. But the shift to Hancock had been greater. Before the totals were announced to the crowd, Hancock had gathered 320 delegates to him; as soon as the voting stopped, however, 272:, which ultimately decided the race for Hayes. Most Democrats believed Tilden had been robbed of the presidency, and he became the leading candidate for nomination in 1880. In the meantime, issues of 397:. In that election, a revitalized Tammany split from the regular Democratic party in a patronage dispute with Tilden's faction (now known as the "Irving Hall Democrats"). Tammany ran its new leader, 1744:

of Ohio but, after all the other states expressed support for English, the Ohio delegation requested that Bishop's name be withdrawn and English's nomination made unanimous; the motion carried.

863: 828:; Tammany was banished. Stevenson was then installed as permanent chairman and, as the Committee on Resolutions had not finished writing the platform, the delegates moved on to nominations. 922:

general, next spoke to praise Hancock, saying "we of the South would feel safe in his hands", but said that Bayard was ultimately his choice "because we believe he is the strongest man".

4278: 974:

ballot, the totals were announced to the delegates. They voted to adjourn for the day, clearing the way for the off-site negotiations that would influence the next day's ballot.

6824: 6982: 5785: 1717:"constitutional doctrines and traditions," to oppose centralization, to favor "honest money consisting of gold and silver", a "tariff for revenue only", and to put an end to 6495: 5778: 5725: 5721: 4765: 624: 4699: 893: 537:, finishing as high as second place in some rounds of balloting. In 1876, Hancock again drew a considerable following, but never finished higher than third place at 858:

from heaven, a judgment as clear as the sunlight, an intellect as keen and bright as a flashing sabre, honest in thought and deed, the people all know him by heart.

7002: 6997: 341:," or Free Soil, faction of the New York Democratic Party. He was a successful lawyer and had accumulated a considerable fortune. A disciple of former president 185:

Six men were officially candidates for nomination at the convention, and several more also received votes. Of these, the two leading candidates were Hancock and

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Since 1864, when he received a single unsolicited vote at the Democratic National Convention, Hancock had been a perennial candidate. As military governor of

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At the start of the second day, June 23, the Committee on Permanent Organization announced the roster of officers, including the permanent president,

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and a future United States Senator, next nominated Thomas F. Bayard. Gray, in a speech that evinced his admiration for the Senator, said of Bayard:

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The triumph over Tammany paved the way for Tilden's election to a two-year term as governor in 1874. As a popular, reformist governor of a large

6797: 5844: 4692: 373:, Tilden was a natural candidate for the presidency in 1876, when one of the main issues was the corruption of the administration of President 2202:

Dougherty was not a delegate, but was admitted as a substitute for a delegate who had yielded his seat so Dougherty could make the nomination.

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respectively, were far ahead of the pack. The next closest, Payne, had less than half of Hancock's number, with 81. After one minor shift of

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House, Albert V. (September 1962). "The Democratic State Central Committee of Indiana in 1880: A Case Study in Party Tactics and Finance".

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rose to submit that of his erstwhile colleague, William R. Morrison. Marshall immediately antagonized the South by comparing Morrison to

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As the convention opened, some delegates favored Bayard, a conservative Senator, and some others supported Hancock, a career soldier and

358:. In 1866, he became chairman of the New York State Democratic party, a post he held for eight years. Tilden initially cooperated with 6894: 6027: 4685: 809:. Before the delegates could formally elect Stevenson, they heard the report on the Committee on Credentials. Two rival factions of 7078: 6904: 6899: 6879: 4573: 4296: 4292: 4288: 2166: 1779: 1761: 1721:. Most of this was uncontroversial, but the "tariff for revenue only" would become a major point of debate in the coming campaign. 264: 179: 27: 639: 6935: 5660: 2156: 910:

As Dougherty finished his speech, delegates and spectators shouted for Hancock. After five minutes, the cheers subsided. Senator

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and in the antebellum peacetime army. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Hancock remained loyal to the Union. He was promoted to

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Northerners. As the convention opened, Bayard was still among the leading candidates, but was far from certain of victory.

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of 1862, he led a critical counterattack and earned the nickname "Hancock the Superb" from his commander, Major General

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changed all of their votes to Hancock. Pennsylvania added those of their votes that were not already for Hancock. Then

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One beneficiary of Tilden's departure from the scene was Senator Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware. Bayard was the scion of

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when he organized the scattered troops, rallied defenses, and was wounded on the third day as his troops turned back

498: 293: 982:

second ballot, more than one hundred delegates followed Peckham's lead in voting for Randall, boosting his total to

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The clerk called the roll of states alphabetically. The first delegation to nominate a candidate was California.

562: 517:, he led a division in the Union victory and was promoted to major general. Hancock's shining moment came at the 413: 7068: 6777: 6742: 6657: 6647: 6607: 6298: 5678: 4758: 4235: 4185: 1807: 483: 163: 901:

rose. Dougherty, a Philadelphia lawyer, gave a short and effective speech in favor of Winfield Scott Hancock.

6747: 6707: 6697: 6692: 6215: 5737: 5731: 5690: 4568: 4256: 919: 783: 881:, and proclaimed that Morrison's belief in tariff reduction would be a "tower of strength" in the election. 6925: 6732: 6622: 6567: 6522: 6446: 5714: 5702: 5696: 5672: 1718: 850: 394: 541:. In 1880, another Hancock boom began, this time centered mostly in the South. In March of that year, the 443:

and wealth in the contest for Southern delegates. A blow to Bayard's cause came in February 1880 when the

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House, Albert V. (April 1960). "Internal Conflicts in Key States in the Democratic Convention of 1880".

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Several other candidates arrived in Cincinnati with delegates pledged to them. Former Representative

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and the civil administration resume its natural and rightful dominion." He had a larger following at

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Keeping with the custom at the time, Hancock did not campaign personally, but stayed at his post at

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Guenther, Karen (January 1983). "Potter Committee Investigation of the Disputed Election of 1876".

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party, saying, "Let us unite as a band of brothers and look upon each other kindly and favorably."

491: 225:, was nominated for vice president. Hancock and English were narrowly defeated in the race against 6831: 6642: 6582: 6512: 5902: 5792: 5767: 4548: 1803: 977:

The delegates assembled the next day, June 24, to resume the balloting. Before that could begin,

529: 445: 346: 338: 312:

expensive, which made it easier for American businesses to sell goods domestically. Republicans

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after his inauguration. Tilden was defeated—robbed, in his opinion and that of his supporters.

167: 155: 113: 99: 7048: 6722: 6677: 6577: 6293: 5234: 5214: 5194: 5174: 5118: 4537: 4469: 1976: 1197: 767: 760: 627: 600: 454: 143: 84: 6358: 6099: 4900: 4883: 4608: 2019: 1558: 775: 731: 518: 487: 386: 193:. Not officially a candidate, but wielding a heavy influence over the convention, was the 8: 6940: 6233: 6223: 6057: 5962: 5950: 5920: 5914: 4987: 4961: 4922: 4918: 4896: 4736: 4726: 4479: 1709: 1446: 1251: 841: 649: 646: 583: 522: 510: 502: 301: 248: 4208: 3942: 6841: 6333: 6288: 6283: 6263: 6183: 6141: 6093: 6051: 5908: 5872: 5862: 5850: 5820: 5294: 5274: 5158: 5098: 5078: 4908: 4892: 4746: 4741: 4731: 4553: 4375: 4171: 4147: 4126: 4105: 4084: 4055: 3922: 3864: 3751: 1418: 923: 885: 874: 786:, called the convention to order at 12:38 p.m. An opening prayer was presented by 609: 514: 506: 466: 431: 378: 289: 285: 206: 490:

in 1844 and began a forty-year career as a soldier. He served with distinction in the

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Dark Horse: The Surprise Election and Political Murder of President James A. Garfield

3729: 2062: 1999: 1890: 1864: 1783: 1741: 1502: 1334: 1114: 802: 713: 605: 575: 495: 440: 233: 229: 214: 1806:", that is, reminding Northern voters that the Democratic Party was responsible for 449:, a newspaper friendly to Tilden, published a transcript of a speech Bayard made in 296:

backed by government bonds). They paid for the war, but resulted in the most severe

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The first of these qualifications was shattered with the Republican victory in the

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Hirsch, Mark D. (July 1951). "Samuel J. Tilden: The Story of a Lost Opportunity".

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battlegrounds. Early in the campaign, Republicans used their standard tactic of "

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The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879

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advocacy in the Senate for pro-Southern conservative policies against Tilden's

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hero. Still others flocked to men they saw as surrogates for Tilden, including

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on the currency question; he sided with those who wanted looser money.

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Illinois was the next state to offer a name, as former Representative

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The clerk called the roll of the states again, and a band played "

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The site of the 1880 Democratic National Convention: Cincinnati's

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Both parties knew that, with the end of Reconstruction and the

288:, when the mounting costs of the war forced Congress to issue " 273: 3611: 3609: 3410: 3408: 3383: 3381: 3341: 3339: 2661: 2659: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2437: 1811:

bloody shirt was of less effect than it had been in the past.

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of Ohio, over rumors of corruption and self-dealing in the

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Official Proceedings of the National Democratic Convention

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The delegates assembled on June 22, 1880, at Cincinnati's

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in that state in 1879. Even so, some observers, including

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gave a rousing speech to nominate Winfield Scott Hancock.

36: 3850:. Dayton, Ohio: Daily Journal Book and Job Room. 1882. 3057: 3055: 3001: 2851: 2767: 2755: 2743: 2695: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2576: 2559: 2544: 2529: 2517: 2495: 2493: 2478: 2427: 2425: 2412: 2410: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2293: 3693: 3519: 3495: 3366: 2917: 2731: 2353: 2341: 2230: 2215: 1555: 612:, considered Field a likely choice for the nomination. 337:

Samuel Jones Tilden began his political career in the "

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Finally, the delegates turned to the vice presidency.

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Peskin, Allan (Spring 1980). "The Election of 1880".

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and met with visitors there (as General Grant had in

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Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

4188:. National Archives and Records Administration. 2012 1704:

Turning to other matters, the delegates listened as

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in 1846. Tilden defected with Van Buren to the 1848

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of Ohio, an attorney and former representative, and

1303: 1275: 1194: 1167: 1084: 770:. The venue was a large, red brick building in the 4000: 3921: 3905:. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. 3830:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 3776:. Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, Inc. 3774:Samuel Jones Tilden: A Study in Political Sagacity 3750: 3657: 2281: 1359: 501:in 1861 and placed in command of a brigade in the 202:others stayed loyal to their old standard-bearer. 3947:. Indianapolis, Indiana: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. 3928:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 2152:Winfield Scott Hancock 1880 presidential campaign 1527: 1139: 7030: 3796:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 2147:United States presidential nominating convention 1331: 590:Two candidates stood with rather less support. 3757:. Chicago, Illinois: Loyola University Press. 1471: 379:withdrew federal troops from Southern capitals 4693: 4272: 3983: 3866:The Stolen Election: Hayes versus Tilden—1876 2911: 2142:History of the United States Democratic Party 3924:The Congressional Career of Thomas F. Bayard 3844: 3564: 3552: 3513: 3489: 3477: 3465: 3453: 3426: 3414: 3399: 3387: 3345: 3299: 3287: 3248: 3212: 3188: 3164: 3152: 3140: 3109: 3092: 1700:of Indiana was nominated for vice president. 1603:* The candidate was not formally nominated. 6910:National Democratic Redistricting Committee 6885:Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee 3788: 2443: 280:divided the country and the major parties. 180:United States presidential election of 1880 4700: 4686: 4279: 4265: 3734:. New York, New York: Carroll & Graf. 6895:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee 4045: 4021: 3862: 3727: 3687: 3007: 2523: 2511: 2472: 362:, the New York City political machine of 7044:1880 United States presidential election 6905:National Conference of Democratic Mayors 6900:Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee 6880:Democratic Attorneys General Association 4293:1880 United States presidential election 3919: 3828:Winfield Scott Hancock: A Soldier's Life 3372: 2713: 2689: 2677: 2665: 2650: 2460: 2167:1880 United States presidential election 1762:1880 United States presidential election 1751: 1691: 933: 861: 754: 465: 412: 324: 239: 6936:National Federation of Democratic Women 4137: 4066: 3940: 3898: 3825: 3794:Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President 3748: 3706: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3600: 3588: 3576: 3525: 3501: 3441: 3360: 3330: 3311: 3275: 3263: 3236: 3224: 3200: 3176: 3128: 3080: 3061: 3046: 2935: 2923: 2899: 2872: 2860: 2845: 2833: 2821: 2809: 2797: 2785: 2773: 2761: 2749: 2737: 2725: 2701: 2638: 2626: 2611: 2599: 2582: 2570: 2553: 2538: 2499: 2484: 2431: 2416: 2401: 2389: 2374: 2335: 2314: 2236: 2224: 2157:List of Democratic National Conventions 1795:disenfranchisement of black Southerners 892:The next nomination came from Ohio, as 395:New York gubernatorial election in 1879 7031: 4116: 4095: 3998: 3959: 3883: 3810: 3771: 3540: 3031: 3019: 2995: 2983: 2971: 2959: 2947: 2887: 2359: 2347: 2299: 2287: 2275: 2263: 2248: 1688:Platform and vice presidential nominee 7013:2018 House Caucus leadership election 7008:2006 House Caucus leadership election 4681: 4496: 4260: 4184: 4007:. New York, New York: Hill and Wang. 3984:Weisenburger, Francis Phelps (1934). 3672: 142:was held June 22 to 24, 1880, at the 4707: 3869:. New York: Tom Doherty Associates. 2185:The two factions were known as the " 574:Another would-be heir to Tilden was 3772:Flick, Alexander Clarence (1963) . 2162:1880 Republican National Convention 551: 140:1880 Democratic National Convention 22:1880 Democratic National Convention 13: 7089:19th-century political conferences 1740:of Iowa nominated former governor 345:, Tilden was first elected to the 14: 7105: 4209:Democratic Party Platform of 1880 4202: 3753:The Presidential Election of 1880 6958:High School Democrats of America 6890:Democratic Governors Association 6847:Congressional Progressive Caucus 5616:2020 (Milwaukee/other locations) 4048:The Florida Historical Quarterly 4029:Dictionary of American Biography 3991:Dictionary of American Biography 3920:Tansill, Charles Callan (1946). 3891:Dictionary of American Biography 3818:Dictionary of American Biography 1668: 1649: 1630: 1611: 750: 724: 703: 681: 660: 638: 617: 578:, since 1863 a congressman from 40: 35: 7079:Democratic National Conventions 6825:Steering and Outreach Committee 4236:Democratic National Conventions 4212:The American Presidency Project 4003:The Search for Order: 1877–1920 2196: 2179: 1756:Hancock-English campaign poster 1708:addressed them with a plea for 4168:A guide to political platforms 4069:The American Historical Review 831: 484:United States Military Academy 1: 7064:Political conventions in Ohio 3728:Ackerman, Kenneth D. (2003). 2209: 938:A scene inside the convention 784:Democratic National Committee 745: 6926:College Democrats of America 1852:Vice-presidential candidate 1747: 929: 7: 4889:1860 (Charleston/Baltimore) 4119:Indiana Magazine of History 4022:Woodburn, James A. (1932). 3884:Scott, Franklin D. (1935). 3749:Clancy, Herbert J. (1958). 2135: 10: 7110: 7054:19th century in Cincinnati 7003:2017 chairmanship election 6998:2005 chairmanship election 6953:Young Democrats of America 4024:"Thomas Andrews Hendricks" 3899:Smiddy, Betty Ann (2005). 3826:Jordan, David M. (1996) . 3715: 1759: 1732:, moved the nomination of 461: 28:1880 presidential election 7059:Conventions in Cincinnati 7018:Weekly Democratic Address 6970: 6946:Stonewall Young Democrats 6918: 6872: 6807: 6796: 6494: 6211: 6026: 5777: 5659: 4757: 4717: 4653: 4618: 4587: 4510: 4492: 4437: 4410: 4393: 4348: 4321: 4304: 3999:Wiebe, Robert H. (1967). 3863:Robinson, Lloyd (2001) . 3811:House, Albert V. (1935). 2126: 2120: 2113: 2101: 2091: 2077: 1840: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 408: 320: 123: 110:Vice-presidential nominee 109: 95: 90: 80: 66: 58: 53: 34: 26: 16:U.S. political convention 7074:Political events in Ohio 6773:Northern Mariana Islands 3886:"William Ralls Morrison" 3813:"Samuel Jackson Randall" 2875:, pp. 70–71, 77–79. 2172: 1017:and one Tilden man from 606:anti-Chinese legislation 265:hotly contested election 6983:Presidential candidates 3902:Cincinnati's Golden Age 1824:Presidential candidate 1804:waving the bloody shirt 1677:2nd Presidential Ballot 1658:2nd Presidential Ballot 1639:1st Presidential Ballot 1620:1st Presidential Ballot 897:delegation, from which 427:an old political family 347:New York State Assembly 7094:1880s political events 6862:Problem Solvers Caucus 6857:New Democrat Coalition 5711:(1885–1889; 1893–1897) 3941:Tucker, Glenn (1960). 1788:Crédit Mobilier affair 1757: 1734:William Hayden English 1701: 1698:William Hayden English 1696:Former Representative 1391:William A. H. Loveland 1060:Winfield Scott Hancock 1028:Presidential candidate 939: 908: 870: 860: 792:Charles William Wendte 782:, the chairman of the 763: 592:William Ralls Morrison 539:that year's convention 479:Winfield Scott Hancock 475: 472:Winfield Scott Hancock 422: 334: 314:supported high tariffs 7069:Ohio Democratic Party 4538:Barzillai J. Chambers 2788:, pp. 49–56, 60. 1977:Barzillai J. Chambers 1755: 1695: 979:Rufus Wheeler Peckham 937: 903: 865: 855: 772:High Victorian Gothic 758: 601:Stephen Johnson Field 469: 416: 328: 240:Issues and candidates 217:of Pennsylvania, the 6763:District of Columbia 5436:1984 (San Francisco) 5331:1964 (Atlantic City) 5111:1920 (San Francisco) 4658:Other 1880 elections 4140:The Wilson Quarterly 4098:Pennsylvania History 3567:, pp. 133, 137. 1799:South would be solid 1559:George V. N. Lothrop 776:William Henry Barnum 711:Speaker of the House 544:New Orleans Picayune 519:Battle of Gettysburg 492:Mexican–American War 387:Clarkson Nott Potter 364:William "Boss" Tweed 270:Electoral Commission 96:Presidential nominee 6941:Stonewall Democrats 5596:2016 (Philadelphia) 5251:1948 (Philadelphia) 5191:1936 (Philadelphia) 4737:Fourth Party System 4727:Second Party System 4480:Thomas A. Hendricks 4475:William R. Morrison 4420:Winfield S. Hancock 4229:St. Louis, Missouri 3654:, pp. 301–303. 3642:, pp. 232–233. 3630:, pp. 175–180. 3618:, pp. 176–177. 3603:, pp. 201–204. 3591:, pp. 222–231. 3579:, pp. 283–288. 3555:, pp. 132–136. 3543:, pp. 183–184. 3516:, pp. 127–129. 3492:, pp. 125–127. 3480:, pp. 108–111. 3131:, pp. 130–131. 3083:, pp. 128–129. 2998:, pp. 210–211. 2986:, pp. 201–203. 2962:, pp. 350–351. 2890:, pp. 196–197. 2848:, pp. 238–239. 2836:, pp. 213–228. 2728:, pp. 301–302. 2716:, pp. 256–260. 2692:, pp. 252–253. 2680:, pp. 251–252. 2668:, pp. 242–250. 2653:, pp. 121–132. 2614:, pp. 124–126. 2602:, pp. 122–123. 2514:, pp. 283–284. 2463:, pp. 152–153. 2446:, pp. 286–293. 2404:, pp. 796–798. 2392:, pp. 792–794. 2317:, pp. 175–176. 2302:, pp. 374–407. 2189:Democrats and the " 1908:Winfield S. Hancock 1820: 1719:Chinese immigration 1447:George B. McClellan 1252:Thomas A. Hendricks 1225:William R. Morrison 838:John Edgar McElrath 671:William R. Morrison 650:Thomas A. Hendricks 584:Thomas A. Hendricks 535:the 1868 convention 530:Louisiana and Texas 511:George B. McClellan 503:Army of the Potomac 399:"Honest" John Kelly 302:American Revolution 249:Rutherford B. Hayes 197:nominee from 1876, 156:Winfield S. Hancock 48:Hancock and English 23: 6842:Blue Dog Coalition 5516:2000 (Los Angeles) 5371:1972 (Miami Beach) 5311:1960 (Los Angeles) 5091:1916 (Saint Louis) 5045:1904 (Saint Louis) 5032:1900 (Kansas City) 4993:1888 (Saint Louis) 4954:1876 (Saint Louis) 4747:Sixth Party System 4742:Fifth Party System 4732:Third Party System 4574:Alexander Campbell 4554:Stephen D. Dillaye 4549:Hendrick B. Wright 4428:William H. English 4376:Elihu B. Washburne 4170:(1977) pp 105–108 4166:Chester, Edward W 3944:Hancock the Superb 2800:, pp. 82–100. 2475:, p. 182–184. 1934:William H. English 1819:Electoral results 1818: 1758: 1702: 1419:Joseph E. McDonald 940: 924:Richard B. Hubbard 886:Daniel W. Voorhees 875:Samuel S. Marshall 871: 764: 610:Edwards Pierrepont 507:Peninsula Campaign 476: 423: 335: 255:defeated Democrat 168:William H. English 21: 7026: 7025: 6966: 6965: 6852:Justice Democrats 6476:Wasserman Schultz 4967:1880 (Cincinnati) 4876:1856 (Cincinnati) 4675: 4674: 4649: 4648: 4640:Samuel C. Pomeroy 4609:Henry A. Thompson 4590:Prohibition Party 4579:Thompson H. Murch 4546:Other candidates: 4488: 4487: 4450:Samuel J. Randall 4389: 4388: 4371:George F. Edmunds 4339:Chester A. Arthur 4331:James A. Garfield 4255: 4254: 4249:Chicago, Illinois 4241:Succeeded by 3912:978-0-7385-3436-7 3876:978-0-7653-0206-9 3803:978-0-7006-0641-2 3764:978-1-258-19190-0 2912:Weisenburger 1934 2863:, pp. 68–69. 2776:, pp. 44–48. 2764:, pp. 36–39. 2752:, pp. 13–34. 2704:, pp. 68–70. 2641:, pp. 64–65. 2585:, pp. 74–75. 2573:, pp. 70–71. 2556:, pp. 61–63. 2541:, pp. 56–57. 2487:, pp. 20–21. 2362:, pp. 82–87. 2350:, pp. 57–64. 2278:, pp. 43–67. 2266:, pp. 14–16. 2251:, pp. 31–37. 2239:, pp. 52–55. 2227:, pp. 17–21. 2133: 2132: 2063:Samuel C. Pomeroy 2020:Henry A. Thompson 1891:Chester A. Arthur 1865:James A. Garfield 1784:James A. Garfield 1742:Richard M. Bishop 1601: 1600: 1503:Jeremiah S. Black 1115:Samuel J. Randall 803:John W. Stevenson 714:Samuel J. Randall 625:Associate Justice 576:Samuel J. Randall 499:brigadier general 441:political machine 234:Chester A. Arthur 230:James A. Garfield 215:Samuel J. Randall 136: 135: 7101: 7084:June 1880 events 7039:1880 conferences 6931:Democrats Abroad 6820:Policy Committee 6805: 6804: 6788:Democrats Abroad 5576:2012 (Charlotte) 5071:1912 (Baltimore) 4941:1872 (Baltimore) 4863:1852 (Baltimore) 4850:1848 (Baltimore) 4837:1844 (Baltimore) 4824:1840 (Baltimore) 4811:1835 (Baltimore) 4798:1832 (Baltimore) 4711: 4710:Democratic Party 4702: 4695: 4688: 4679: 4678: 4494: 4493: 4470:Stephen J. Field 4465:Allen G. Thurman 4460:Samuel J. Tilden 4445:Thomas F. Bayard 4438:Other candidates 4426:Vice President: 4408: 4407: 4396:Democratic Party 4356:Ulysses S. Grant 4349:Other candidates 4337:Vice President: 4319: 4318: 4307:Republican Party 4281: 4274: 4267: 4258: 4257: 4221:Preceded by 4218: 4217: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4155: 4134: 4113: 4092: 4063: 4033: 4018: 4006: 3995: 3986:"Henry B. Payne" 3980: 3956: 3937: 3927: 3916: 3895: 3880: 3859: 3841: 3822: 3807: 3785: 3768: 3756: 3745: 3710: 3704: 3691: 3685: 3676: 3670: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3565:Proceedings 1882 3562: 3556: 3553:Proceedings 1882 3550: 3544: 3538: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3514:Proceedings 1882 3511: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3490:Proceedings 1882 3487: 3481: 3478:Proceedings 1882 3475: 3469: 3466:Proceedings 1882 3463: 3457: 3454:Proceedings 1882 3451: 3445: 3439: 3430: 3427:Proceedings 1882 3424: 3418: 3415:Proceedings 1882 3412: 3403: 3400:Proceedings 1882 3397: 3391: 3388:Proceedings 1882 3385: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3349: 3346:Proceedings 1882 3343: 3334: 3328: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3300:Proceedings 1882 3297: 3291: 3288:Proceedings 1882 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3252: 3249:Proceedings 1882 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3213:Proceedings 1882 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3189:Proceedings 1882 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3165:Proceedings 1882 3162: 3156: 3153:Proceedings 1882 3150: 3144: 3141:Proceedings 1882 3138: 3132: 3126: 3113: 3110:Proceedings 1882 3107: 3096: 3093:Proceedings 1882 3090: 3084: 3078: 3065: 3059: 3050: 3044: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2740:, pp. 5–12. 2735: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2557: 2551: 2542: 2536: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2420: 2414: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2378: 2372: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2318: 2312: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2222: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2183: 1821: 1817: 1772:Governors Island 1710:women's suffrage 1706:Susan B. Anthony 1672: 1653: 1634: 1615: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1395: 1394: 1393: 1367: 1366: 1365: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1307:James E. English 1283: 1282: 1281: 1279:Samuel J. Tilden 1256: 1255: 1254: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1202: 1201: 1200: 1198:Stephen J. Field 1175: 1174: 1173: 1171:Allen G. Thurman 1147: 1146: 1145: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1088:Thomas F. Bayard 1064: 1063: 1062: 1025: 1024: 995: 994: 990: 987: 973: 972: 968: 963: 962: 958: 955: 912:Wade Hampton III 899:Daniel Dougherty 867:Daniel Dougherty 851:Attorney General 827: 826: 822: 819: 735:Allen G. Thurman 728: 707: 685: 664: 642: 628:Stephen J. Field 621: 569:Allen G. Thurman 552:Other contenders 523:Pickett's Charge 419:Thomas F. Bayard 375:Ulysses S. Grant 343:Martin Van Buren 331:Samuel J. Tilden 329:Former Governor 257:Samuel J. Tilden 199:Samuel J. Tilden 187:Thomas F. Bayard 154:, and nominated 100:Winfield Hancock 62:June 22–24, 1880 44: 39: 24: 20: 7109: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7029: 7028: 7027: 7022: 6962: 6914: 6868: 6799: 6792: 6499: 6497: 6490: 6213: 6207: 6100:C. A. Culberson 6046:J. W. Stevenson 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6022: 5909:D. B. Culberson 5794: 5791: 5789: 5784: 5780: 5773: 5665:administrations 5663: 5655: 5476:1992 (New York) 5416:1980 (New York) 5396:1976 (New York) 5131:1924 (New York) 4928:1868 (New York) 4776: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4753: 4713: 4709: 4706: 4676: 4671: 4645: 4614: 4583: 4569:Edward P. Allis 4559:Benjamin Butler 4530:James B. Weaver 4516: 4513:Greenback Party 4506: 4484: 4433: 4399: 4385: 4361:James G. Blaine 4344: 4310: 4300: 4285: 4247: 4242: 4227: 4222: 4205: 4200: 4191: 4189: 4161:Primary sources 4158: 4081:10.2307/1851984 4036: 4015: 3977: 3913: 3877: 3838: 3804: 3790:Hoogenboom, Ari 3765: 3742: 3718: 3713: 3705: 3694: 3686: 3679: 3671: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3614: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3575: 3571: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3539: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3440: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3413: 3406: 3398: 3394: 3386: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3352: 3344: 3337: 3329: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3116: 3108: 3099: 3091: 3087: 3079: 3068: 3060: 3053: 3045: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2978: 2970: 2966: 2958: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2926:, p. 135n. 2922: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2886: 2879: 2871: 2867: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2840: 2832: 2828: 2820: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2772: 2768: 2760: 2756: 2748: 2744: 2736: 2732: 2724: 2720: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2676: 2672: 2664: 2657: 2649: 2645: 2637: 2633: 2625: 2618: 2610: 2606: 2598: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2560: 2552: 2545: 2537: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2498: 2491: 2483: 2479: 2471: 2467: 2459: 2450: 2444:Hoogenboom 1995 2442: 2438: 2430: 2423: 2415: 2408: 2400: 2396: 2388: 2381: 2373: 2366: 2358: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2334: 2321: 2313: 2306: 2298: 2294: 2286: 2282: 2274: 2270: 2262: 2255: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2231: 2223: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2138: 1957:Greenback Labor 1951:James B. Weaver 1858:Electoral vote 1837: 1776:New York Harbor 1764: 1750: 1728:, representing 1714:Henry Watterson 1690: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1673: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1654: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1635: 1626: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1616: 1606: 1557: 1556: 1529: 1528: 1501: 1500: 1473: 1472: 1445: 1444: 1417: 1416: 1389: 1388: 1363:Horatio Seymour 1361: 1360: 1333: 1332: 1305: 1304: 1277: 1276: 1250: 1249: 1223: 1222: 1196: 1195: 1169: 1168: 1141: 1140: 1113: 1112: 1086: 1085: 1058: 1057: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 992: 988: 985: 983: 970: 966: 965: 960: 956: 953: 951: 932: 879:Abraham Lincoln 834: 824: 820: 817: 815: 753: 748: 741: 729: 720: 708: 699: 686: 677: 665: 656: 643: 634: 622: 554: 474:of Pennsylvania 464: 451:Dover, Delaware 411: 351:Free Soil Party 323: 306:Greenback Party 300:seen since the 276:reform and the 242: 114:William English 49: 47: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7107: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6967: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6922: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6876: 6874: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6834: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6811: 6809: 6802: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6790: 6785: 6783:Virgin Islands 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6758:American Samoa 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6703:South Carolina 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6668:North Carolina 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6504: 6502: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6449: 6440: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6220: 6218: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6163: 6157: 6151: 6145: 6139: 6133: 6127: 6121: 6115: 6109: 6103: 6097: 6091: 6085: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6042: 6040: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5799: 5797: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5729: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5669: 5667: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5636:2024 (Chicago) 5633: 5632: 5631: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5496:1996 (Chicago) 5493: 5492: 5491: 5473: 5472: 5471: 5456:1988 (Atlanta) 5453: 5452: 5451: 5433: 5432: 5431: 5413: 5412: 5411: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5368: 5367: 5366: 5351:1968 (Chicago) 5348: 5347: 5346: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5291:1956 (Chicago) 5288: 5287: 5286: 5271:1952 (Chicago) 5268: 5267: 5266: 5248: 5247: 5246: 5231:1944 (Chicago) 5228: 5227: 5226: 5211:1940 (Chicago) 5208: 5207: 5206: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5171:1932 (Chicago) 5168: 5167: 5166: 5151:1928 (Houston) 5148: 5147: 5146: 5128: 5127: 5126: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5068: 5055: 5042: 5029: 5019:1896 (Chicago) 5016: 5006:1892 (Chicago) 5003: 4990: 4980:1884 (Chicago) 4977: 4964: 4951: 4938: 4925: 4915:1864 (Chicago) 4912: 4886: 4873: 4860: 4847: 4834: 4821: 4808: 4795: 4781: 4779: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4705: 4704: 4697: 4690: 4682: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4643: 4635: 4632:John W. Phelps 4626: 4624: 4621:American Party 4616: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4604: 4595: 4593: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4542: 4541: 4533: 4524: 4522: 4508: 4507: 4490: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4455:Henry B. Payne 4452: 4447: 4441: 4439: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4423: 4414: 4412: 4405: 4391: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4381:William Windom 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4352: 4350: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4342: 4334: 4325: 4323: 4316: 4302: 4301: 4284: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4261: 4253: 4252: 4239: 4232: 4216: 4215: 4204: 4203:External links 4201: 4199: 4198: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4157: 4156: 4146:(2): 172–181. 4135: 4125:(3): 179–210. 4114: 4104:(2): 188–216. 4093: 4075:(4): 788–802. 4064: 4054:(3): 281–295. 4042: 4035: 4034: 4019: 4013: 3996: 3981: 3975: 3957: 3938: 3917: 3911: 3896: 3881: 3875: 3860: 3842: 3836: 3823: 3808: 3802: 3786: 3769: 3763: 3746: 3740: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3711: 3709:, p. 243. 3692: 3690:, p. 221. 3677: 3656: 3644: 3632: 3620: 3605: 3593: 3581: 3569: 3557: 3545: 3530: 3528:, p. 148. 3518: 3506: 3504:, p. 162. 3494: 3482: 3470: 3458: 3456:, p. 123. 3446: 3444:, p. 140. 3431: 3429:, p. 118. 3419: 3417:, p. 114. 3404: 3402:, p. 112. 3392: 3390:, p. 111. 3377: 3375:, p. 281. 3365: 3363:, p. 139. 3350: 3348:, p. 100. 3335: 3333:, p. 138. 3316: 3314:, p. 277. 3304: 3292: 3280: 3278:, p. 276. 3268: 3266:, p. 137. 3253: 3241: 3239:, p. 136. 3229: 3227:, p. 275. 3217: 3205: 3203:, p. 135. 3193: 3181: 3179:, p. 133. 3169: 3157: 3145: 3133: 3114: 3097: 3085: 3066: 3051: 3049:, p. 132. 3036: 3034:, p. 213. 3024: 3022:, p. 232. 3012: 3010:, p. 534. 3000: 2988: 2976: 2974:, p. 206. 2964: 2952: 2950:, p. 212. 2940: 2928: 2916: 2914:, p. 325. 2904: 2902:, p. 272. 2892: 2877: 2865: 2850: 2838: 2826: 2824:, p. 203. 2814: 2812:, p. 202. 2802: 2790: 2778: 2766: 2754: 2742: 2730: 2718: 2706: 2694: 2682: 2670: 2655: 2643: 2631: 2616: 2604: 2587: 2575: 2558: 2543: 2528: 2526:, p. 281. 2516: 2504: 2489: 2477: 2465: 2448: 2436: 2421: 2406: 2394: 2379: 2377:, p. 790. 2364: 2352: 2340: 2338:, p. 297. 2319: 2304: 2292: 2280: 2268: 2253: 2241: 2229: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2195: 2191:Mechanics Hall 2177: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2121:Needed to win 2118: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2066: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2037:John W. Phelps 2032: 2031: 2028: 2023: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1937: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1894: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1760:Main article: 1749: 1746: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1675: 1674: 1667: 1665: 1656: 1655: 1648: 1646: 1637: 1636: 1629: 1627: 1618: 1617: 1610: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1531:Hugh J. Jewett 1524: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1191: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1143:Henry B. Payne 1136: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1108: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 931: 928: 916:South Carolina 894:John McSweeney 884:Next, Senator 833: 830: 752: 749: 747: 744: 743: 742: 730: 723: 721: 709: 702: 700: 693:Henry B. Payne 690:Representative 687: 680: 678: 668:Representative 666: 659: 657: 644: 637: 635: 623: 616: 558:Henry B. Payne 553: 550: 470:Major General 463: 460: 455:Peace Democrat 432:Reconstruction 410: 407: 403:Daniel Manning 322: 319: 241: 238: 211:Henry B. Payne 176:vice president 134: 133: 121: 120: 111: 107: 106: 97: 93: 92: 88: 87: 82: 78: 77: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 51: 50: 45: 32: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7106: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6993:Superdelegate 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6969: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6816: 6815:Senate Caucus 6813: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6795: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6743:West Virginia 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6648:New Hampshire 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6608:Massachusetts 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6493: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6155: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6071: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6031: 6025: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5787: 5782: 5776: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5744:L. B. Johnson 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5556:2008 (Denver) 5554: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5536:2004 (Boston) 5534: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5494: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5434: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5369: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5129: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5058:1908 (Denver) 5056: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4769: 4762: 4756: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4712: 4703: 4698: 4696: 4691: 4689: 4684: 4683: 4680: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4652: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4335: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4282: 4277: 4275: 4270: 4268: 4263: 4262: 4259: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4179: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4040: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4014:0-8090-0104-7 4010: 4005: 4004: 3997: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3978: 3976:0-691-04517-8 3972: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3925: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3867: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3837:0-253-21058-5 3833: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3760: 3755: 3754: 3747: 3743: 3741:0-7867-1151-5 3737: 3733: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3708: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3689: 3688:Ackerman 2003 3684: 3682: 3674: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3653: 3648: 3641: 3636: 3629: 3624: 3617: 3612: 3610: 3602: 3597: 3590: 3585: 3578: 3573: 3566: 3561: 3554: 3549: 3542: 3537: 3535: 3527: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3503: 3498: 3491: 3486: 3479: 3474: 3468:, p. 99. 3467: 3462: 3455: 3450: 3443: 3438: 3436: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3411: 3409: 3401: 3396: 3389: 3384: 3382: 3374: 3369: 3362: 3357: 3355: 3347: 3342: 3340: 3332: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3313: 3308: 3302:, p. 88. 3301: 3296: 3290:, p. 87. 3289: 3284: 3277: 3272: 3265: 3260: 3258: 3251:, p. 85. 3250: 3245: 3238: 3233: 3226: 3221: 3215:, p. 82. 3214: 3209: 3202: 3197: 3191:, p. 78. 3190: 3185: 3178: 3173: 3167:, p. 72. 3166: 3161: 3155:, p. 70. 3154: 3149: 3143:, p. 49. 3142: 3137: 3130: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3112:, p. 25. 3111: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3095:, p. 21. 3094: 3089: 3082: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3064:, p. 22. 3063: 3058: 3056: 3048: 3043: 3041: 3033: 3028: 3021: 3016: 3009: 3008:Woodburn 1932 3004: 2997: 2992: 2985: 2980: 2973: 2968: 2961: 2956: 2949: 2944: 2938:, p. 54. 2937: 2932: 2925: 2920: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2896: 2889: 2884: 2882: 2874: 2869: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2847: 2842: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2818: 2811: 2806: 2799: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2775: 2770: 2763: 2758: 2751: 2746: 2739: 2734: 2727: 2722: 2715: 2710: 2703: 2698: 2691: 2686: 2679: 2674: 2667: 2662: 2660: 2652: 2647: 2640: 2635: 2629:, p. 16. 2628: 2623: 2621: 2613: 2608: 2601: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2584: 2579: 2572: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2540: 2535: 2533: 2525: 2524:Guenther 1983 2520: 2513: 2512:Guenther 1983 2508: 2502:, p. 52. 2501: 2496: 2494: 2486: 2481: 2474: 2473:Robinson 1968 2469: 2462: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2445: 2440: 2434:, p. 15. 2433: 2428: 2426: 2419:, p. 14. 2418: 2413: 2411: 2403: 2398: 2391: 2386: 2384: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2361: 2356: 2349: 2344: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2316: 2311: 2309: 2301: 2296: 2289: 2284: 2277: 2272: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2250: 2245: 2238: 2233: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2214: 2199: 2192: 2188: 2182: 2178: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2094: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1935: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1841:Running mate 1833:Popular vote 1822: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1768:Fort Columbus 1763: 1754: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1738:John P. Irish 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726:Edmund Pettus 1722: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1699: 1694: 1681: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1660:Before Shifts 1652: 1647: 1643: 1633: 1628: 1624: 1622:Before Shifts 1614: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1364: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1308: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1199: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1144: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1116: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1089: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1016: 1010: 1007: 1006:Smith M. Weed 1003: 999: 980: 975: 949: 945: 944:Yankee Doodle 936: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 907: 902: 900: 895: 890: 887: 882: 880: 876: 868: 864: 859: 854: 852: 849:, Delaware's 848: 843: 839: 829: 812: 811:Massachusetts 808: 804: 799: 797: 796:George Hoadly 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 762: 757: 751:Preliminaries 740: 736: 733: 727: 722: 719: 715: 712: 706: 701: 698: 694: 691: 684: 679: 676: 672: 669: 663: 658: 655: 651: 648: 641: 636: 633: 629: 626: 620: 615: 614: 613: 611: 607: 602: 598: 593: 588: 585: 581: 577: 572: 570: 565: 564: 563:New York Star 559: 549: 546: 545: 540: 536: 531: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 473: 468: 459: 456: 452: 448: 447: 442: 436: 433: 428: 420: 415: 406: 404: 400: 396: 391: 388: 382: 380: 376: 372: 367: 365: 361: 357: 352: 348: 344: 340: 332: 327: 318: 315: 309: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 281: 279: 278:gold standard 275: 271: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 247: 237: 236:that autumn. 235: 231: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 203: 200: 196: 192: 188: 183: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 131: 128: · 127: 122: 119: 115: 112: 108: 105: 101: 98: 94: 89: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: 65: 61: 57: 52: 43: 38: 33: 29: 25: 19: 7049:1880 in Ohio 6832:House Caucus 6708:South Dakota 6698:Rhode Island 6693:Pennsylvania 6673:North Dakota 5803:A. Stevenson 5661:Presidential 5295:Stevenson II 5275:Stevenson II 4966: 4901:Breckinridge 4884:Breckinridge 4831: 4775:presidential 4766:presidential 4657: 4638:VP nominee: 4637: 4629: 4619: 4607:VP nominee: 4606: 4598: 4588: 4545: 4536:VP nominee: 4535: 4527: 4511: 4425: 4417: 4401: 4394: 4366:John Sherman 4336: 4328: 4305: 4297:1884 → 4289:← 1876 4243: 4234: 4223: 4211: 4190:. Retrieved 4177: 4176: 4167: 4160: 4159: 4143: 4139: 4122: 4118: 4101: 4097: 4072: 4068: 4051: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4027: 4002: 3989: 3964: 3961:Unger, Irwin 3943: 3923: 3901: 3889: 3865: 3846: 3827: 3816: 3793: 3773: 3752: 3730: 3721: 3720: 3647: 3635: 3623: 3596: 3584: 3572: 3560: 3548: 3521: 3509: 3497: 3485: 3473: 3461: 3449: 3422: 3395: 3373:Tansill 1946 3368: 3307: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3208: 3196: 3184: 3172: 3160: 3148: 3136: 3088: 3027: 3015: 3003: 2991: 2979: 2967: 2955: 2943: 2931: 2919: 2907: 2895: 2868: 2841: 2829: 2817: 2805: 2793: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2745: 2733: 2721: 2714:Tansill 1946 2709: 2697: 2690:Tansill 1946 2685: 2678:Tansill 1946 2673: 2666:Tansill 1946 2651:Tansill 1946 2646: 2634: 2607: 2578: 2519: 2507: 2480: 2468: 2461:Tansill 1946 2439: 2397: 2355: 2343: 2295: 2290:, p. 6. 2283: 2271: 2244: 2232: 2198: 2187:Faneuil Hall 2181: 2092: 2078: 2061: 2035: 2018: 1992: 1975: 1949: 1932: 1919:Pennsylvania 1906: 1889: 1863: 1813: 1792: 1765: 1723: 1703: 1679:After Shifts 1676: 1657: 1641:After Shifts 1638: 1619: 1605: 1602: 1335:Thomas Ewing 1011: 976: 941: 909: 904: 891: 883: 872: 856: 835: 800: 765: 718:Pennsylvania 597:favorite son 589: 580:Philadelphia 573: 561: 555: 542: 527: 477: 446:New York Sun 444: 437: 424: 392: 383: 368: 360:Tammany Hall 356:War Democrat 336: 310: 294:dollar bills 282: 263:in the most 243: 204: 184: 160:Pennsylvania 139: 137: 104:Pennsylvania 18: 6873:Fundraising 6778:Puerto Rico 6623:Mississippi 6538:Connecticut 6498:territorial 6198:(2005–2017) 6192:(1995–2005) 6186:(1989–1995) 6180:(1977–1989) 6174:(1961–1977) 6168:(1953–1961) 6162:(1951–1953) 6156:(1949–1951) 6150:(1937–1949) 6144:(1923–1937) 6138:(1920–1923) 6132:(1919–1920) 6126:(1917–1919) 6120:(1913–1917) 6114:(1911–1913) 6108:(1909–1911) 6102:(1907–1909) 6096:(1906–1907) 6090:(1903–1906) 6084:(1899–1903) 6082:J. K. Jones 6078:(1898–1899) 6072:(1890–1898) 6066:(1885–1890) 6060:(1881–1885) 6054:(1877–1881) 6048:(1873–1877) 6028:U.S. Senate 6013:(2003–2023) 6007:(1995–2003) 6001:(1989–1995) 5995:(1987–1989) 5989:(1977–1987) 5983:(1971–1977) 5977:(1962–1971) 5971:(1940–1961) 5965:(1936–1940) 5959:(1935–1936) 5953:(1933–1934) 5947:(1929–1933) 5941:(1923–1929) 5935:(1921–1923) 5929:(1909–1921) 5923:(1903–1909) 5917:(1897–1903) 5911:(1895–1897) 5905:(1891–1895) 5899:(1889–1891) 5893:(1883–1889) 5887:(1876–1881) 5881:(1875–1876) 5875:(1873–1875) 5869:(1869–1871) 5859:(1859–1861) 5853:(1857–1859) 5847:(1855–1857) 5845:G. W. Jones 5841:(1851–1855) 5835:(1849–1851) 5829:(1845–1847) 5823:(1843–1845) 5821:J. W. Jones 5817:(1835–1839) 5811:(1834–1835) 5805:(1827–1834) 5764:(2009–2017) 5758:(1993–2001) 5752:(1977–1981) 5746:(1963–1969) 5740:(1961–1963) 5734:(1945–1953) 5720:Roosevelt ( 5717:(1913–1921) 5705:(1868–1869) 5699:(1857–1861) 5693:(1853–1857) 5687:(1845–1849) 5681:(1837–1841) 5675:(1829–1837) 5040:Stevenson I 5014:Stevenson I 4785:1828 (None) 4761:conventions 4564:Solon Chase 4503:independent 4499:Third-party 4418:President: 4329:President: 3707:Clancy 1958 3652:Jordan 1988 3640:Clancy 1958 3628:Clancy 1958 3616:Peskin 1980 3601:Clancy 1958 3589:Clancy 1958 3577:Jordan 1988 3526:Clancy 1958 3502:Clancy 1958 3442:Clancy 1958 3361:Clancy 1958 3331:Clancy 1958 3312:Jordan 1988 3276:Jordan 1988 3264:Clancy 1958 3237:Clancy 1958 3225:Jordan 1988 3201:Clancy 1958 3177:Clancy 1958 3129:Clancy 1958 3081:Clancy 1958 3062:Smiddy 2005 3047:Clancy 1958 2936:Clancy 1958 2924:Clancy 1958 2900:Jordan 1988 2873:Clancy 1958 2861:Clancy 1958 2846:Jordan 1988 2834:Jordan 1988 2822:Jordan 1988 2810:Clancy 1958 2798:Jordan 1988 2786:Jordan 1988 2774:Jordan 1988 2762:Jordan 1988 2750:Jordan 1988 2738:Jordan 1988 2726:Tucker 1960 2702:Clancy 1958 2639:Clancy 1958 2627:Clancy 1958 2612:Clancy 1958 2600:Clancy 1958 2583:Clancy 1958 2571:Clancy 1958 2554:Clancy 1958 2539:Clancy 1958 2500:Clancy 1958 2485:Clancy 1958 2432:Clancy 1958 2417:Clancy 1958 2402:Hirsch 1951 2390:Hirsch 1951 2375:Hirsch 1951 2336:Jordan 1988 2315:Peskin 1980 2237:Clancy 1958 2225:Clancy 1958 2000:Prohibition 1855:Home state 1849:Percentage 1830:Home state 1475:Joel Parker 920:Confederate 918:, a former 847:George Gray 832:Nominations 780:Connecticut 421:of Delaware 371:swing state 333:of New York 227:Republicans 223:swing state 7033:Categories 6798:Affiliated 6738:Washington 6658:New Mexico 6653:New Jersey 6528:California 5915:Richardson 5779:U.S. House 5703:A. Johnson 5600:H. Clinton 5500:B. Clinton 5480:B. Clinton 5335:L. Johnson 5319:L. Johnson 4897:H. Johnson 4819:R. Johnson 4519:Convention 4505:candidates 4402:Convention 4313:Convention 4192:16 January 3541:House 1962 3032:House 1960 3020:Scott 1934 2996:House 1960 2984:House 1960 2972:House 1960 2960:House 1935 2948:House 1960 2888:House 1960 2360:Flick 1939 2348:Flick 1939 2300:Unger 1964 2288:Wiebe 1967 2276:Unger 1964 2264:Unger 1964 2249:Wiebe 1967 2210:References 2193:Democrats" 2105:9,211,051 1923:4,444,260 1914:Democratic 1880:4,446,158 1871:Republican 1051:Unanimous 1041:2nd before 1031:1st before 1002:New Jersey 768:Music Hall 761:Music Hall 746:Convention 632:California 599:. Justice 488:West Point 354:himself a 339:Barnburner 290:greenbacks 246:Republican 195:Democratic 148:Cincinnati 144:Music Hall 91:Candidates 85:Music Hall 71:Cincinnati 54:Convention 6978:Primaries 6919:Sectional 6748:Wisconsin 6713:Tennessee 6618:Minnesota 6593:Louisiana 6496:State and 6461:McAuliffe 6289:McCormick 6212:Chairs of 6172:Mansfield 6160:McFarland 6136:Underwood 6130:Hitchcock 6094:Blackburn 6058:Pendleton 5975:McCormack 5726:1941–1945 5722:1933–1941 5709:Cleveland 5679:Van Buren 5649:primaries 5629:primaries 5609:primaries 5589:primaries 5569:primaries 5549:primaries 5529:primaries 5524:Lieberman 5509:primaries 5489:primaries 5469:primaries 5449:primaries 5429:primaries 5409:primaries 5389:primaries 5364:primaries 5344:primaries 5324:primaries 5304:primaries 5284:primaries 5264:primaries 5244:primaries 5235:Roosevelt 5224:primaries 5215:Roosevelt 5204:primaries 5195:Roosevelt 5184:primaries 5175:Roosevelt 5164:primaries 5144:primaries 5124:primaries 5119:Roosevelt 5104:primaries 5084:primaries 5010:Cleveland 4997:Cleveland 4988:Hendricks 4984:Cleveland 4962:Hendricks 4923:Pendleton 4919:McClellan 4828:Van Buren 4815:Van Buren 4806:Van Buren 4777:primaries 4630:Nominee: 4599:Nominee: 4528:Nominee: 3782:853070572 3673:NARA 2012 1836:Electoral 1808:secession 1748:Aftermath 1046:2nd after 1036:1st after 998:Wisconsin 930:Balloting 790:minister 788:Unitarian 505:. In the 298:inflation 286:Civil War 244:In 1876, 207:Civil War 164:president 46:Nominees 6837:Factions 6808:Congress 6733:Virginia 6683:Oklahoma 6663:New York 6638:Nebraska 6628:Missouri 6613:Michigan 6603:Maryland 6588:Kentucky 6568:Illinois 6543:Delaware 6533:Colorado 6523:Arkansas 6486:Harrison 6447:Grossman 6389:Westwood 6354:Mitchell 6349:McKinney 6334:Hannegan 6294:Cummings 6184:Mitchell 6142:Robinson 6017:Jeffries 6005:Gephardt 5963:Bankhead 5921:Williams 5891:Carlisle 5786:Speakers 5697:Buchanan 5379:Eagleton 5375:McGovern 5355:Humphrey 5339:Humphrey 5299:Kefauver 5279:Sparkman 5159:Robinson 5139:C. Bryan 5135:J. Davis 5099:Marshall 5079:Marshall 5062:W. Bryan 5053:H. Davis 5036:W. Bryan 5023:W. Bryan 4880:Buchanan 4759:National 4601:Neal Dow 4411:Nominees 4322:Nominees 4152:40255831 4131:27789008 4110:27769951 4060:30149125 4039:Articles 3963:(1964). 3792:(1995). 2136:See also 2043:American 1994:Neal Dow 1966:305,997 1897:New York 1015:Maryland 807:Kentucky 794:. 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1880 Democratic National Convention

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