30:
279:
lack of food and clothes. Looting was also taking place. In Eshan County, at least 942 people died while the death toll may be as high as 1,900. Another 112 people were also injured. Eighty to ninety percent of residential homes were demolished; all schools, temples and government buildings were also destroyed. Many bridges and city walls were also razed. On agricultural land, large cracks opened, erupting sand and water. Many people reportedly fall into these cracks. In
37:
278:
More than 18,000 homes were destroyed and the earthquake affected a 3,000 km (1,200 sq mi) area. When the earthquake struck, the region was experiencing heavy snowfall which caused many survivors to die from freezing and starvation. A plague further added to the suffering on top of the
245:
within both provinces. The
Qujiang–Shiping Fault comprises two fault segments (north and south) with a total length of 120 km (75 mi) that strikes northwest to west–northwest and eventually east–west at its southern part. Its slip mechanism comprises right-lateral strike-slip with a notable
236:
Major earthquakes in eastern Yunnan and the border with
Sichuan are associated with the north–south striking Xiaojiang Fault; the west–northwest striking Zemuhe Fault to its north; and the northwest trending Qujiang–Shiping Fault. Some of these faults, including the
283:, several structures collapsed. Nine people died and 1,000 homes were destroyed in villages. One person died in Hexi; an 8 m (26 ft) section of parapet collapsed; many homes and government buildings also toppled. Sixteen people died in
350:
Wen, XueZe; Du, Fang; Long, Feng; Fan, Jun; Zhu, Hang (2011). "Tectonic dynamics and correlation of major earthquake sequences of the
Xiaojiang and Qujiang-Shiping fault systems, Yunnan, China".
513:"National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information"
488:[An earthquake in Yunnan that killed more than 1,000 people during the Republic of China produced my country's first special earthquake investigation report].
593:
270:. The northwestern Qujiang Fault ruptured during the 1913 earthquake while its southeastern portion was associated with the earthquake in 1970.
1037:
258:, striking northwest–west-northwest. Three ≥M7.0 earthquakes, including the 1913 earthquake, occurred on this fault in 1599 and 1970. The
1676:
29:
395:"Latest Quaternary Active Faulting and Paleoearthquakes on the Southern Segment of the Xiaojiang Fault Zone, SE Tibetan Plateau"
291:, the room of a government office collapsed and killed three. Landslides affected a 2,839 km (1,096 sq mi) area.
586:
742:
1140:
288:
181:
123:
1712:
1654:
1401:
1356:
1331:
1030:
337:
60:
1371:
1125:
579:
1664:
966:
902:
822:
74:
1659:
1266:
1145:
834:
436:"Investigation on the Dynamic Rupture of the 1970 Ms 7.7 Tonghai, Yunnan, China, Earthquake on the Qujiang Fault"
224:; at least 942 people died and thousands of homes were destroyed. The earthquake ruptured along a section of the
1697:
1633:
512:
1638:
1497:
1366:
1023:
435:
310:
957:
1110:
1046:
887:
674:
305:
665:
977:
948:
942:
925:
870:
845:
805:
762:
728:
691:
639:
625:
608:
300:
1557:
1462:
1276:
794:
221:
49:
985:
705:
97:
1702:
1612:
1552:
1527:
1467:
1296:
1191:
1135:
1130:
1090:
1060:
911:
1617:
1602:
1542:
1507:
1502:
1477:
1447:
1406:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1286:
1246:
1120:
1105:
1100:
1085:
1070:
813:
680:
1671:
1597:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1517:
1472:
1457:
1391:
1381:
1301:
1271:
1236:
1211:
1206:
1165:
1160:
1095:
1080:
1075:
933:
859:
853:
776:
714:
259:
79:
1707:
1607:
1592:
1562:
1547:
1537:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1492:
1482:
1452:
1442:
1427:
1411:
1386:
1376:
1361:
1346:
1261:
1226:
1196:
1175:
1155:
1150:
1115:
1065:
828:
785:
736:
699:
616:
1587:
1487:
1437:
1432:
1396:
1351:
1306:
1291:
1281:
1256:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1216:
1170:
896:
770:
656:
647:
66:
1582:
1341:
1336:
1221:
878:
547:
450:
406:
359:
8:
393:
Guo, Peng; Han, Zhujun; Dong, Shaopeng; Mao, Zebin; Hu, Nan; Gao, Fan; Li, Jiani (2021).
551:
454:
410:
363:
466:
375:
213:
470:
379:
555:
516:
458:
414:
367:
246:
thrust component. The region is one of the most seismically active zone in Yunnan.
267:
255:
238:
434:
Yu, Houyun; Zhang, Wenqiang; Zhang, Zhenguo; Li, Zhengbo; Chen, Xiaofei (2020).
242:
560:
535:
371:
1691:
485:
138:
125:
571:
419:
394:
225:
331:
1015:
483:
462:
520:
280:
254:
The
Qujiang Fault runs northeast and parallel to the much longer
510:
209:
166:
484:
Sichuan
Provincial Seismological Bureau (21 December 2021).
333:
ISC-GEM Global
Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009)
284:
212:
on 21 December with a moment magnitude of 6.8 and maximum
515:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
1003:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
536:"Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China"
287:; old houses in the county were also destroyed. In
534:Chen, X. L.; Zhou, Q.; Ran, H.; Dong, R. (2012).
1689:
443:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
533:
1008:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
433:
1031:
587:
392:
266: 7.7 caused a 60 km (37 mi)
36:
601:
349:
1677:China International Search and Rescue Team
1038:
1024:
594:
580:
559:
511:National Geophysical Data Center (1972).
418:
98:
1045:
540:Natural Hazards and Earth System Science
1690:
323:
1019:
575:
386:
343:
1655:China Meteorological Administration
427:
329:
231:
13:
338:International Seismological Centre
14:
1724:
1665:China Earthquake Networks Center
486:"民国时期云南死亡超千人的地震，诞生我国第一篇地震专题考察报告"
35:
28:
1660:China Earthquake Administration
773:(6.0, (Feb 18), 6.4 (April 24))
174:
1141:1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo, Ningxia
527:
504:
477:
241:, represent the boundaries of
1:
1146:1786 Kangding-Luding, Sichuan
316:
311:List of earthquakes in Yunnan
249:
1332:1976 Songpan–Pingwu, Sichuan
1066:1290 Chihli (Inner Mongolia)
352:Science China Earth Sciences
306:List of earthquakes in China
7:
1387:1996 Baotou, Inner Mongolia
1357:1988 Lancang–Gengma, Yunnan
301:List of earthquakes in 1913
294:
16:Earthquake in Yunnan, China
10:
1729:
1713:Eshan Yi Autonomous County
1647:
1626:
1420:
1297:1969 Yangjiang, Guangdong
1184:
1053:
998:
976:
924:
869:
844:
804:
761:
727:
690:
638:
607:
561:10.5194/nhess-12-351-2012
372:10.1007/s11430-011-4231-0
273:
194:
173:
162:
154:
117:
109:
93:
85:
72:
59:
48:
24:
1558:2017 Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan
1553:2017 Taxkorgan, Xinjiang
1106:1668 Tangcheng, Shandong
602:Earthquakes in the 1910s
220:). The shock devastated
1672:China Geological Survey
1568:2019 Changning, Sichuan
1468:2008 Panzhihua, Sichuan
1317:1975 Haicheng, Liaoning
1207:1918 Shantou, Guangdong
1136:1738 Dangjiang, Qinghai
1573:2020 Kashgar, Xinjiang
1543:2014 Kangding, Sichuan
1528:2014 Yingjiang, Yunnan
1503:2012 Yangzhou, Jiangsu
1463:2008 Yingjiang, Yunnan
1448:2005 Ruichang, Jiangxi
1277:1955 Kangding, Sichuan
1247:1936 Lingshan, Guangxi
1192:1902 Kashgar, Xinjiang
1131:1733 Dongchuan, Yunnan
113:15 km (9 mi)
1698:Earthquakes in Yunnan
1598:2022 Menyuan, Qinghai
1563:2017 Jinghe, Xinjiang
1548:2015 Pishan, Xinjiang
1523:2014 Yutian, Xinjiang
1508:2012 Zhaotong, Yunnan
1443:2003 Zhaosu, Xinjiang
1407:1998 Ninglang, Yunnan
1392:1997 Jiashi, Xinjiang
1372:1995 Menglian, Yunnan
1322:1976 Longling, Yunnan
1312:1974 Zhaotong, Yunnan
1212:1920 Haiyuan, Ningxia
1176:1889 Chilik, Xinjiang
1166:1850 Xichang, Sichuan
1086:1604 Quanzhou, Fujian
1076:1536 Xichang, Sichuan
1071:1303 Hongdong, Shanxi
206:1913 Eshan earthquake
20:1913 Eshan earthquake
1608:2022 Luding, Sichuan
1593:2021 Luxian, Sichuan
1578:2020 Qiaojia, Yunnan
1513:2013 Lushan, Sichuan
1433:2003 Bachu, Xinjiang
1382:1996 Lijiang, Yunnan
1362:1990 Gonghe, Qinghai
1352:1985 Wuqia, Xinjiang
1327:1976 Tangshan, Hebei
1302:1970 Tonghai, Yunnan
1262:1948 Litang, Sichuan
1232:1931 Fuyun, Xinjiang
1197:1906 Manas, Xinjiang
1161:1833 Kunming, Yunnan
1101:1654 Tianshui, Gansu
1096:1626 Lingqiu, Shanxi
1047:Earthquakes in China
420:10.2113/2021/7866379
330:ISC (27 June 2022),
198:942–1,900 fatalities
1603:2022 Ya'an, Sichuan
1588:2021 Maduo, Qinghai
1538:2014 Jinggu, Yunnan
1533:2014 Ludian, Yunnan
1488:2010 Yushu, Qinghai
1473:2008 Damxung, Tibet
1453:2006 Yanjin, Yunnan
1377:1995 Wuding, Yunnan
1347:1985 Luquan, Yunnan
1342:1983 Heze, Shandong
1307:1973 Luhuo, Sichuan
1287:1966 Xingtai, Hebei
1282:1955 Yuzha, Sichuan
1252:1937 Heze, Shandong
1242:1933 Diexi, Sichuan
1217:1923 Renda, Sichuan
1151:1815 Pinglu, Shanxi
1126:1718 Tongwei, Gansu
1116:1695 Linfen, Shanxi
1111:1679 Beijing, Hebei
552:2012NHESS..12..351C
455:2020BuSSA.110..898Y
411:2021Lsphe202166379G
364:2011ScChD..54.1563W
135: /
55:1913-12-21 15:37:56
21:
1518:2013 Dingxi, Gansu
1367:1994 Taiwan Strait
1337:1981 Dawu, Sichuan
1227:1927 Gulang, Gansu
1202:1913 Eshan, Yunnan
1156:1830 Cixian, Hebei
463:10.1785/0120190185
214:Mercalli intensity
139:24.264°N 102.827°E
19:
1685:
1684:
1583:2021 Dali, Yunnan
1397:1997 Manyi, Tibet
1222:1925 Dali, Yunnan
1013:
1012:
743:Sulawesi–Mindanao
358:(10): 1563–1575.
202:
201:
1720:
1703:1913 earthquakes
1267:1950 Assam–Tibet
1171:1879 Wudu, Gansu
1040:
1033:
1026:
1017:
1016:
967:Vancouver Island
596:
589:
582:
573:
572:
566:
565:
563:
531:
525:
524:
521:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
508:
502:
501:
499:
497:
481:
475:
474:
440:
431:
425:
424:
422:
390:
384:
383:
347:
341:
340:
327:
232:Tectonic setting
190:
188:
176:
150:
149:
147:
146:
145:
140:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
103:
89:21 December 1913
39:
38:
32:
22:
18:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1643:
1622:
1416:
1180:
1049:
1044:
1014:
1009:
1004:
994:
972:
945:(6.7, April 21)
920:
865:
840:
835:Pleasant Valley
823:Imperial Valley
800:
757:
723:
686:
634:
603:
600:
570:
569:
532:
528:
509:
505:
495:
493:
482:
478:
438:
432:
428:
391:
387:
348:
344:
336:, Version 9.1,
328:
324:
319:
297:
276:
268:surface rupture
265:
260:1970 earthquake
256:Red River Fault
252:
243:tectonic blocks
239:Red River Fault
234:
228:Qujiang Fault.
210:Yunnan Province
208:struck China's
182:
180:
144:24.264; 102.827
143:
141:
137:
134:
129:
126:
124:
122:
121:
102:
86:Local date
44:
43:
42:
41:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1726:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1613:2023 Jishishan
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1292:1969 Bohai Sea
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1091:1605 Guangdong
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1061:1038 Dingxiang
1057:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1011:
1010:
999:
996:
995:
993:
992:
988:(7.0, Nov 18)
982:
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
964:
960:(7.5, Oct 11)
955:
951:(8.3, Aug 15)
946:
940:
936:(7.2, Feb 13)
930:
928:
922:
921:
919:
918:
914:(5.6, Dec 25)
909:
905:(6.8, Aug 28)
900:
894:
885:
881:(6.6, Jan 20)
875:
873:
867:
866:
864:
863:
857:
850:
848:
842:
841:
839:
838:
832:
831:(5.8, Sept 23)
826:
825:(6.3, June 23)
820:
816:(6.7, Jan 13)
810:
808:
802:
801:
799:
798:
792:
783:
774:
767:
765:
759:
758:
756:
755:
751:(6.7, Dec 21)
746:
740:
733:
731:
725:
724:
722:
721:
717:(6.9, Nov 19)
712:
703:
696:
694:
688:
687:
685:
684:
678:
677:(8.1, June 15)
672:
668:(7.6, June 7)
663:
659:(7.4, Feb 18)
654:
644:
642:
636:
635:
633:
632:
623:
619:(8.1, Apr 12)
613:
611:
605:
604:
599:
598:
591:
584:
576:
568:
567:
546:(2): 351–363.
526:
503:
476:
449:(2): 898–919.
426:
385:
342:
321:
320:
318:
315:
314:
313:
308:
303:
296:
293:
275:
272:
263:
251:
248:
233:
230:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
178:
171:
170:
164:
163:Areas affected
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
100:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
77:
70:
69:
64:
57:
56:
53:
46:
45:
34:
33:
27:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1725:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:1913 in China
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:Organizations
1646:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1618:2024 Uqturpan
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:2009 Xinjiang
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1402:1998 Zhangbei
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:1709 Zhongwei
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1007:
1002:
997:
991:
987:
984:
983:
981:
979:
975:
968:
965:
963:
959:
956:
954:
950:
947:
944:
941:
939:
935:
932:
931:
929:
927:
923:
917:
913:
910:
908:
904:
901:
899:(8.5, Jun 25)
898:
895:
893:
890:(6.7, Jun 7)
889:
886:
884:
880:
877:
876:
874:
872:
868:
862:(5.3, Aug 16)
861:
858:
856:(5.3, May 17)
855:
852:
851:
849:
847:
843:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
819:
815:
812:
811:
809:
807:
803:
796:
793:
791:
787:
784:
782:
779:(7.0, Mar 15)
778:
775:
772:
769:
768:
766:
764:
760:
754:
750:
747:
745:(7.9, Mar 14)
744:
741:
739:(?.?, Feb 27)
738:
735:
734:
732:
730:
726:
720:
716:
713:
711:
708:(7.4, Aug 9)
707:
704:
702:(7.9, May 23)
701:
698:
697:
695:
693:
689:
683:(7.6, Dec 16)
682:
679:
676:
673:
671:
667:
664:
662:
658:
655:
653:
650:(7.7, Jan 3)
649:
646:
645:
643:
641:
637:
631:
628:(6.4, May 4)
627:
624:
622:
618:
615:
614:
612:
610:
606:
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
578:
577:
574:
562:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
530:
522:
518:
514:
507:
491:
487:
480:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
437:
430:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
389:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
346:
339:
335:
334:
326:
322:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
292:
290:
286:
282:
271:
269:
261:
257:
247:
244:
240:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
197:
193:
189:
186:
179:
172:
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
78:
76:
71:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
31:
23:
1498:2011 Myanmar
1458:2008 Sichuan
1421:21st century
1272:1952 Damxung
1237:1932 Changma
1201:
1185:20th century
1081:1556 Shaanxi
1005:
1000:
989:
969:(7.2, Dec 6)
961:
952:
937:
915:
906:
891:
888:San Salvador
882:
837:(6.8, Oct 2)
817:
797:(6.6, Oct 7)
789:
788:(7.0, Oct 4)
780:
752:
748:
718:
709:
675:Kikai Island
669:
660:
651:
629:
620:
543:
539:
529:
506:
494:. Retrieved
492:(in Chinese)
489:
479:
446:
442:
429:
402:
398:
388:
355:
351:
345:
332:
325:
277:
253:
235:
222:Eshan County
217:
205:
203:
184:
1627:By province
1493:2011 Yunnan
1483:2009 Yunnan
1428:2001 Kunlun
1412:2000 Yunnan
949:Celebes Sea
943:San Jacinto
496:23 December
399:Lithosphere
262:measuring M
226:strike-slip
158:Strike-slip
142: /
130:102°49′37″E
63: event
1692:Categories
1438:2003 Dayao
1257:1947 Assam
1054:Historical
958:San Fermín
626:Costa Rica
317:References
250:Earthquake
195:Casualties
127:24°15′50″N
52: time
912:Guatemala
795:East Cape
666:Michoacán
471:213502598
380:131667346
177:intensity
118:Epicenter
94:Magnitude
814:Avezzano
681:Guerrero
295:See also
183:MMI IX (
1634:Sichuan
986:Ayvalık
934:Shantou
777:Senboku
715:Acambay
706:Mürefte
548:Bibcode
451:Bibcode
407:Bibcode
360:Bibcode
289:Xinping
281:Tonghai
218:Violent
216:of IX (
185:Violent
169:, China
1639:Yunnan
903:Nantou
860:Rimini
854:Rimini
829:Asmara
786:Burdur
737:Asmara
700:Maymyo
617:Taiwan
469:
378:
274:Impact
167:Yunnan
80:ComCat
67:914108
897:Samoa
749:Eshan
657:Sarez
648:Kebin
467:S2CID
439:(PDF)
405:(1).
376:S2CID
110:Depth
73:USGS-
978:1919
926:1918
879:Bali
871:1917
846:1916
806:1915
771:Reno
763:1914
729:1913
692:1912
640:1911
609:1910
498:2023
490:Sohu
403:2021
285:Yuxi
204:The
175:Max.
155:Type
75:ANSS
556:doi
517:doi
459:doi
447:110
415:doi
368:doi
105:6.8
61:ISC
50:UTC
1694::
990:†‡
938:†‡
883:†‡
818:†‡
790:†‡
753:†‡
710:†‡
652:†‡
630:†‡
554:.
544:12
542:.
538:.
465:.
457:.
445:.
441:.
413:.
401:.
397:.
374:.
366:.
356:54
354:.
1039:e
1032:t
1025:v
1006:‡
1001:†
962:†
953:†
916:†
907:†
892:†
781:†
719:†
670:†
661:†
621:†
595:e
588:t
581:v
564:.
558::
550::
523:.
519::
500:.
473:.
461::
453::
423:.
417::
409::
382:.
370::
362::
264:s
187:)
101:w
99:M
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
