124:
117:
1025:
30:
110:
692:
Though the
National Government retained the seat many within were alarmed by the near success of Labour. Their majority of 1,807 in 1914 shrunk to just 420 was a shock to conservative minds. At the declaration of Luke's victory, Prime Minister William Massey spoke to the crowd. He was greeted by much
704:
Mr
Holland's large vote need cause no apprehension. It was made up of the steady 1500 socialists in the electorate, reinforced by several hundreds of 'trade' voters, hundreds of men who crowded into the boarding houses to comply with the one month's residence qualifications, and a few cravens — men
284:
Under the terms of the coalition agreement between Reform and the
Liberal's a condition was made not to oppose each other in by-elections for deceased or retiring MP's from their own parties. However, the Liberal Party were not completely satisfied with Luke being the Government's candidate and two
710:
However, the result was more a reflection of the growing disenchantment at the
National Government bound with Labour (who refused the coalition) being seen as the only alternative. Based on his strong performance in Wellington North, Holland was chosen by the Labour Party as their candidate in the
981:
693:
jeering and was pelted with eggs and rotten fruit. He lost his temper and thumbed his nose at them before storming off the stage, later re-created in an effective newspaper cartoon. A Reform sympathising newspaper,
1011:
1003:
996:
339:
over the treatment of conscientious objectors in Europe which resulted in replies from both. As a result, Holland became a household name in
Wellington.
316:
though his candidacy persuaded him to stay. Holland reveled in the personal attacks made on him which was exactly the type of recognition he craved.
1036:
1015:
989:
1397:
254:
75:
833:
859:
1377:
421:
309:
1372:
336:
79:
327:
became
Holland's campaign organiser where he demonstrated great strategic skill. Holland stood on the grounds of opposing
1133:
763:
257:
electorate during the 19th New
Zealand Parliament, on 12 February 1918. It was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP
537:
278:
266:
232:
134:
1148:
972:
950:
924:
768:
351:
61:
44:
1083:
1029:
1313:
1265:
1191:
1123:
1108:
1088:
811:
1290:
1196:
1186:
1176:
909:
Labour's path to political independence: The
Origins and Establishment of the New Zealand Labour Party, 1900–19
1392:
1387:
1280:
331:, inflation and wartime 'special privilege'. Fraser encouraged Holland to directly challenge Prime Minister
1382:
805:
699:, suggested improper means being used to increase the Labour vote so dramatically, saying of the results:
1343:
1305:
1257:
1234:
1206:
1158:
1143:
1103:
1093:
1075:
1047:
1333:
1323:
1171:
1065:
667:
530:
379:
262:
236:
221:
154:
85:
1224:
1214:
1138:
1098:
916:
584:
401:
164:
1351:
1318:
1295:
1285:
1275:
938:
705:
and women who hoped that Mr
Holland might retard or stop the sending of reinforcements to the army.
561:
297:
159:
1328:
1247:
1219:
1055:
1181:
1166:
695:
589:
286:
144:
1270:
1242:
1128:
1113:
1060:
712:
754:
715:
four months later where
Holland was eventually successful in winning a seat in Parliament.
8:
606:
312:
coming third. Holland was contemplating leaving New Zealand at the time and returning to
290:
482:
968:
946:
920:
384:
258:
217:
289:
chose to contest the seat and another, Angus Polson chose to likewise contest as an
675:
305:
347:
The results of the Wellington North electorate at the 1914 general election were:
960:
934:
904:
123:
332:
1366:
651:
566:
467:
426:
301:
139:
758:
328:
324:
520:
370:
1024:
116:
265:, who was appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court, and was won by
912:
285:
Liberal candidates emerged to contest. Former mayor of Wellington
308:, as their candidate who had contested the seat in 1914 for the
313:
109:
866:. Vol. XVII, no. 919. 22 February 1918. p. 9
787:
785:
732:
730:
728:
497:
Results of the by-election held on 12 February 1918 were:
840:. Vol. LX, no. 14665. 20 March 1918. p. 1
782:
883:
881:
725:
826:
797:
878:
1364:
208:
943:Tomorrow Comes the Song: A Life of Peter Fraser
749:
747:
745:
281:was selected as the Reform Party's candidate.
997:
965:Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911–1931
1032:in the multi-party era (1912–1938)
933:
791:
742:
1004:
990:
903:
753:
736:
959:
887:
1365:
803:
985:
967:. Auckland: Historical Publications.
650:
507:
481:
466:
357:
251:Wellington North by-election of 1918
764:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
759:"Holland, Henry Edmund – Biography"
13:
84:Election by simple majority using
14:
1409:
1398:Politics of the Wellington Region
769:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
502:1918 Wellington North by-election
277:Then current mayor of Wellington
22:1918 Wellington North by-election
1023:
122:
115:
108:
28:
852:
253:was a by-election held in the
1:
1378:1918 elections in New Zealand
897:
860:"Wellington North electorate"
272:
7:
1373:By-elections in New Zealand
1030:By-elections in New Zealand
611:Angus James Neville Polson
319:
10:
1414:
807:The General Election, 1914
687:
342:
86:first-past-the-post voting
50:12 February 1918
1342:
1304:
1256:
1233:
1205:
1157:
1074:
1046:
917:Auckland University Press
666:
636:
623:
519:
516:
513:
510:
453:
440:
369:
366:
363:
360:
206:
100:
92:
72:
38:
26:
718:
335:and Minister of Defence
269:with a majority of 420.
80:House of Representatives
1134:1918 Wellington Central
792:Bassett & King 2000
310:Social Democratic Party
16:New Zealand by-election
708:
213:Member before election
1149:1918 Wellington South
1119:1918 Wellington North
945:. Auckland: Penguin.
701:
352:1914 general election
1393:Events in Wellington
1388:February 1918 events
1084:1915 Dunedin Central
1383:1910s in Wellington
1314:1932 Southern Maori
1266:1929 Bay of Islands
1192:1922 Southern Maori
1124:1918 Southern Maori
1109:1917 Bay of Islands
1089:1915 Bay of Islands
804:Hislop, J. (1915).
607:Independent Liberal
504:
483:Registered electors
354:
291:Independent Liberal
23:
1291:1930 Western Maori
1197:1922 Dunedin North
1187:1921 Auckland East
1177:1920 Bay of Plenty
834:"Wellington North"
755:O'Farrell, Patrick
500:
350:
171:Popular vote
21:
1360:
1359:
1281:1930 Invercargill
1041:
1020:
685:
684:
495:
494:
406:William Turnbull
385:Alexander Herdman
259:Alexander Herdman
247:
246:
243:
242:
218:Alexander Herdman
202:
201:
68:
67:
1405:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1012:
1006:
999:
992:
983:
982:
978:
961:Bassett, Michael
956:
935:Bassett, Michael
930:
905:Gustafson, Barry
891:
885:
876:
875:
873:
871:
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
830:
824:
823:
821:
819:
812:National Library
801:
795:
789:
780:
779:
777:
775:
751:
740:
734:
713:Grey by-election
522:
505:
499:
372:
355:
349:
306:Maoriland Worker
304:, editor of the
255:Wellington North
209:
126:
119:
112:
102:
101:
76:Wellington North
57:
55:
40:
39:
33:
32:
31:
24:
20:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1344:25th Parliament
1338:
1306:24th Parliament
1300:
1258:23rd Parliament
1252:
1235:22nd Parliament
1229:
1207:21st Parliament
1201:
1159:20th Parliament
1153:
1144:1918 Palmerston
1104:1917 Hawkes Bay
1094:1915 Taumarunui
1076:19th Parliament
1070:
1048:18th Parliament
1042:
1022:
1010:
975:
953:
927:
915:, New Zealand:
900:
895:
894:
886:
879:
869:
867:
858:
857:
853:
843:
841:
832:
831:
827:
817:
815:
814:. pp. 1–33
802:
798:
790:
783:
773:
771:
752:
743:
735:
726:
721:
690:
637:Informal votes
454:Informal votes
422:Social Democrat
345:
322:
275:
235:
230:
220:
215:
207:
83:
73:
53:
51:
34:
29:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1411:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1334:1935 Lyttelton
1331:
1326:
1324:1933 Lyttelton
1321:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1172:1920 Stratford
1169:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1066:1913 Lyttelton
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1009:
1008:
1001:
994:
986:
980:
979:
973:
957:
951:
931:
925:
899:
896:
893:
892:
877:
851:
825:
796:
781:
741:
739:, p. 132.
737:Gustafson 1980
723:
722:
720:
717:
689:
686:
683:
682:
680:
678:
673:
665:
662:
661:
659:
657:
654:
648:
647:
644:
641:
638:
634:
633:
631:
628:
625:
621:
620:
618:
615:
612:
609:
604:
601:
600:
598:
595:
592:
590:Alfred Brandon
587:
582:
579:
578:
575:
572:
569:
564:
559:
556:
555:
551:
546:
541:
534:
527:
524:
523:
518:
515:
512:
509:
493:
492:
490:
488:
485:
479:
478:
476:
473:
470:
464:
463:
461:
458:
455:
451:
450:
448:
445:
442:
438:
437:
435:
432:
429:
424:
419:
416:
415:
413:
410:
407:
404:
399:
396:
395:
393:
390:
387:
382:
377:
374:
373:
368:
365:
362:
359:
344:
341:
333:William Massey
321:
318:
287:Alfred Brandon
274:
271:
245:
244:
241:
240:
228:Elected Member
225:
204:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
188:
184:
183:
180:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
148:
147:
145:Alfred Brandon
142:
137:
132:
128:
127:
120:
113:
106:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
70:
69:
66:
65:
59:
47:
36:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1410:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1225:1925 Franklin
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1215:1923 Tauranga
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:1918 Taranaki
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:1916 Pahiatua
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1007:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
988:
987:
984:
976:
974:0-86870-006-1
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
952:0-14-029793-6
948:
944:
940:
939:King, Michael
936:
932:
928:
926:0-19-647986-X
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
890:, p. 22.
889:
884:
882:
865:
861:
855:
839:
835:
829:
813:
809:
808:
800:
794:, p. 79.
793:
788:
786:
770:
766:
765:
760:
756:
750:
748:
746:
738:
733:
731:
729:
724:
716:
714:
707:
706:
700:
698:
697:
681:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
664:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
649:
645:
642:
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
602:
599:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:
576:
573:
570:
568:
567:Harry Holland
565:
563:
560:
558:
557:
554:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
539:
535:
533:
532:
528:
526:
525:
506:
503:
498:
491:
489:
486:
484:
480:
477:
474:
471:
469:
465:
462:
459:
456:
452:
449:
446:
443:
439:
436:
433:
430:
428:
427:Harry Holland
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
397:
394:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
375:
356:
353:
348:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:Harry Holland
299:
294:
292:
288:
282:
280:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
239:
238:
234:
229:
226:
224:
223:
219:
214:
211:
210:
205:
197:
194:
192:
189:
186:
185:
181:
178:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
141:
140:Harry Holland
138:
136:
133:
130:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
81:
77:
71:
64: →
63:
60:
58:
48:
46:
43:←
42:
41:
37:
25:
19:
1352:1936 Manukau
1319:1932 Motueka
1296:1931 Hauraki
1286:1930 Waipawa
1276:1930 Parnell
1118:
1035:
1014:
964:
942:
908:
888:Bassett 1982
868:. Retrieved
863:
854:
842:. Retrieved
837:
828:
816:. Retrieved
806:
799:
772:. Retrieved
762:
709:
703:
702:
694:
691:
670:
553:
548:
543:
536:
529:
501:
496:
346:
329:conscription
325:Peter Fraser
323:
298:Labour Party
295:
283:
276:
263:Reform Party
250:
248:
231:
227:
216:
212:
190:
174:
78:seat in the
62:1919 general
49:
45:1914 general
18:
1329:1933 Buller
1248:1927 Raglan
1220:1923 Oamaru
1056:1912 Egmont
1037:(1939–1995)
1016:(1891–1911)
774:21 February
337:James Allen
187:Percentage
1367:Categories
1182:1912 Patea
1167:1920 Bruce
898:References
870:18 October
864:Free Lance
844:18 October
511:Candidate
361:Candidate
273:Candidates
131:Candidate
54:1918-02-12
1271:1929 Hutt
1243:1926 Eden
1129:1918 Grey
1114:1917 Grey
1061:1913 Grey
624:Majority
538:John Luke
441:Majority
279:John Luke
267:John Luke
233:John Luke
135:John Luke
963:(1982).
941:(2000).
913:Auckland
907:(1980).
838:Colonist
818:1 August
320:Campaign
1034:»
1021:
1013:«
688:Outcome
652:Turnout
585:Liberal
577:+15.50
468:Turnout
402:Liberal
343:Results
261:of the
165:Liberal
105:
93:Turnout
52: (
1040:»
1019:«
971:
949:
923:
696:Herald
668:Reform
656:7,128
646:−0.70
617:10.10
597:11.44
574:35.99
571:2,566
562:Labour
549:41.89
544:2,986
531:Reform
514:Votes
508:Party
487:9,936
475:82.90
472:8,237
447:32.23
444:2,655
434:20.49
431:1,688
412:23.00
409:1,895
392:55.23
389:4,550
380:Reform
364:Votes
358:Party
314:Sydney
300:chose
237:Reform
222:Reform
198:11.44
195:35.99
179:2,566
160:Labour
155:Reform
151:Party
719:Notes
676:Swing
643:0.56
630:5.89
460:1.26
191:41.89
175:2,986
96:7,128
969:ISBN
947:ISBN
921:ISBN
872:2015
846:2015
820:2013
776:2016
671:hold
627:420
614:720
594:816
457:104
296:The
249:The
182:816
74:The
640:40
1369::
937:;
919:.
911:.
880:^
862:.
836:.
810:.
784:^
767:.
761:.
757:.
744:^
727:^
521:±%
517:%
371:±%
367:%
293:.
1005:e
998:t
991:v
977:.
955:.
929:.
874:.
848:.
822:.
778:.
88:.
82:.
56:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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