Knowledge

1929 Hutt by-election

Source ๐Ÿ“

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from the Junior Reform League. The most infamous was when a fleet of motor cars was used to take Junior Reform members from Wellington to noisily drive past a meeting at Day's Bay. One of them questioned Nash's loyalty to the Crown, and a vote of confidence in him at the meeting's end was lost by a large majority due to the Junior Reformers presence.
884:'would be taken over by the State'. Nash strongly denied all these allegations. At one of Johnston's meetings interjectors denouncing the Reform Party because "They put us in a swamp", referring to the local unemployed being given low paying relief work, worth only "nine bob a day." The meeting concluded with cheers for Nash and Labour leader 188: 104: 469:
by a minority vote given the increasing competition for right wing votes by United and Reform. With candidate from both parties standing Bennett was not ignorant of the fact that he too was helping to split the anti-Labour vote, but claimed his hopes were that both would withdraw their candidates in
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becoming the next Chief Justice instead. Johnston was well known as an able speaker and he was regularly able to draw large crowds to his meetings. Reverend Richard Hobday wrote from Auckland rather critically of Johnston stating "What a weird looking creature Johnston is! He looks exactly like one
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and his wife campaigned intensely on Kerr's behalf. Kerr was a member of the Petone Fire Board, an associate of the Petone Borough Council, President of the Petone Chamber of Commerce, and a member of the Hutt Valley High School Board of Governors. He was one of the foundation members of the United
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was Nash's election secretary. Just as the campaign was about to begin, a local businessman named Nash had been recently divorced and rumours spread that it was Walter Nash. To quell this canard Nash's advertisements featured him alongside his family. The pamphlet featured a portrait of him wearing
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At Nash's first meeting, held at the Petone Labour Hall, the power cut out and Nash was forced to speak to the crowd for an hour and forty minutes by candlelight. Despite this the hall was full and audience was enthusiastic. At several of Nash's subsequent meetings he had trouble with interjectors
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Henry Bennett (who contested the seat in 1922 for the Reform party) announced his candidacy as an independent. He proposed to stand in the interests of the country itself, rather than of any particular political party. Bennett was concerned that New Zealand could be 'handed over' to
321:'s selection as the Labour candidate for the by-election came as no surprise. Nash came a respectable second to Wilford and was seen as well capable of winning the seat. He was the current General Secretary of the Labour Party and was thus well known. Local newspaper 470:
favour of himself. However, his plea fell on deaf ears with United wanting to retain their seat and Reform seeking to supersede United in seats. As a result, Bennett withdrew and hoped either Kerr or Johnston would prevail.
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Party, and at the time a member of the executive and had been chairman of Wilford's election committee. Kerr's campaign manager was the president of the Lower Hutt Chamber of Commerce,
2066: 1627: 269: 1099:, saying that the harsh words on the campaign should be forgotten and all should work together for good and received cheers from those in attendance. The Wellington newspaper 97: 456:
which had "left him with the attractive personality of a graduate of these institutions" but thinking him a Reform member by association rather than genuine conviction.
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wrote that Nash would likely be a moderating influence on Labour policy owing to his experience as a business owner (a rarity among Labour politicians at this time).
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was chosen as the Reform Party candidate for the contest. The only other nominee was Victor Jacobsen of Petone. Johnston was a respected lawyer and the fourth son of
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glasses appearing as (according to his biographer) "... as a bespectacled and possibly severe man, looking more like a schoolmaster than a Labour agitator."
1620: 327:(part owned by another candidate James Kerr) printed several articles through the campaigning attempting to discredit Nash as a Soviet-style socialist. 876:
Johnston claimed that Labour wanted to confiscate private land, would probably raise interest rates, repudiate interest payments on accounts with the
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Dozens of meetings were held and speeches made by the three candidates. Many high-profile figures spoke on behalf of the candidates as well,
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When the results were announced on election night, Nash spoke to a crowd from the mayoral office in
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of the vultures in our Zoo here!" Nash replied, writing more charitably of Johnston.
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Several names were speculated as possible Reform candidates including the party's
1145: 1569: 491: 383: 296:. The lead up to the by-election was marred by harsh words between candidates. 265: 208: 103: 2170: 1358: 1131: 1029: 885: 499: 483: 479: 348:, was the official United Party candidate in the election. He was the son of 323: 1382: 187: 89: 495: 328: 257: 1115: 919: 2076: 2017: 1648: 936: 404: 318: 277: 273: 245: 223: 114: 1096: 360:
newspaper, a position he had held since 1912. He previously resided in
332: 466: 361: 1126:(4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. 245. 758: 345: 1986: 881: 1154:(3rd ed.). Wellington: The Rangatira Press. p. 15. 96: 1546:. Vol. CXII, no. 108. 3 November 1931. p. 8 1342:. Vol. 23, no. 46. 18 November 1929. p. 10. 1346: 1263: 1261: 1474: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1502: 1220: 1158: 1084:
For some biographical details of Johnston refer to his
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Who's Who in New Zealand and the Western Pacific, 1932
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Hutt electorate boundaries used for the by-election
382:, being defeated by a small majority. Outgoing MP 1418: 1296:"Lower Hutt identity Jack Andrews dies aged 93". 2168: 1530: 896:The following table gives the election results: 199: 448:mused that while Johnston had been educated at 1322:. Vol. LXIV. 14 November 1929. p. 4. 2002: 1621: 356:. At the time Kerr was the proprietor of the 1232: 1656:in the multi-party era (1912โ€“1938)   1144: 1124:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840โ€“1984 2009: 1995: 1628: 1614: 435:was offered to Johnston upon the death of 309:After standing in Hutt for Labour in both 1596: 1568: 1412: 1314:"Hutt By-election โ€“ Probable Candidates" 1226: 1183: 1164: 270:High Commissioner to the United Kingdom 2169: 1121: 331:served as the campaign organiser, and 1990: 1609: 1044: 1028: 906: 256:, an urban seat at the bottom of the 431:. Earlier that year the position of 1388:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography 1380: 891: 378:seat against Speaker of the House, 276:. The by-election was contested by 13: 2075: 1334:"The Hutt Seat - Reform Candidate" 880:and that privately-owned shops in 439:, but he declined the offer, with 429:Speaker of the Legislative Council 14: 2208: 2192:Politics of the Wellington Region 1393:Ministry for Culture and Heritage 364:serving as the proprietor of the 1647: 1599:Walter Nash, Pioneer and Prophet 805:King George Theatre, Lower Hutt 705:King George Theatre, Lower Hutt 300:Candidates and selection process 186: 102: 95: 88: 28: 2016: 1374: 1326: 1306: 1078: 1065: 829:King George Theatre, Lower Hutt 678:King George Theatre, Lower Hutt 394: 339: 304: 1518:. 25 November 1929. p. 10 1490:. 19 November 1929. p. 10 1462:. 25 November 1929. p. 10 1434:. 19 November 1929. p. 10 1289: 1277:. 25 November 1929. p. 10 1208:. 15 November 1929. p. 13 1138: 1122:Wilson, James Oakley (1985) . 601:Dellabarca's Hall, Eastbourne 459: 268:on who had been appointed the 1: 2182:1929 elections in New Zealand 2029:Prime Minister of New Zealand 1562: 1362:. 21 November 1929. p. 2 1601:. Wellington: Dunmore Press. 1240:"The General Election, 1908" 596:Oddfellows' Hall, Lower Hutt 7: 2177:By-elections in New Zealand 1654:By-elections in New Zealand 1354:"Four Candidates Announced" 1302:. 28 June 1983. p. 11. 609:Eastbourne Borough Chambers 473: 10: 2213: 2035:Leader of the Labour Party 450:Wanganui Collegiate School 344:James Kerr, a resident of 50:18 December 1929 2138: 2117: 2086: 2073: 2054: 2024: 1966: 1928: 1880: 1857: 1829: 1781: 1698: 1670: 1597:Mackenzie, Craig (1975). 1580:Auckland University Press 1014: 1000: 918: 915: 912: 909: 866:Eastbourne, Picture Hall 511: 504:William Downie Stewart Jr 403:candidate Henry Bennett, 358:Hutt and Petone Chronicle 352:, a former member of the 197: 184: 80: 72: 38: 26: 1108: 878:Post Office Savings Bank 802:Oddfellows' Hall, Petone 779:Waiwhetu Methodist Hall 540:Oddfellows' Hall, Petone 1758:1918 Wellington Central 614:Petone Committee Rooms 553:Lyceum Hall, Lower Hutt 16:New Zealand by-election 2080: 1482:"Candidates' Meetings" 1200:"Choice of Candidates" 888:rather than Johnston. 776:Empire Theatre, Petone 446:The New Zealand Worker 284:, James Kerr from the 250:New Zealand electorate 204:Member before election 2151:1929 Hutt by-election 2079: 1773:1918 Wellington South 1743:1918 Wellington North 1510:"Mr. Nash's Campaign" 1454:"Mr. Bennett Retires" 1269:"Mr. Kerr's Meetings" 1246:. 1909. pp. 1โ€“34 901:1929 Hutt by-election 791:Moera Community Hall 763:Alicetown Church Hall 488:Michael Joseph Savage 411:and former mayor Sir 264:member of parliament 22:1929 Hutt by-election 2118:Leadership elections 2041:Member of Parliament 1708:1915 Dunedin Central 819:Wesley Hall, Petone 773:Moera Community Hall 635:95 Hutt Road, Petone 2197:1920s in Wellington 2067:International trips 1938:1932 Southern Maori 1890:1929 Bay of Islands 1816:1922 Southern Maori 1748:1918 Southern Maori 1733:1917 Bay of Islands 1713:1915 Bay of Islands 1426:"Party or Country?" 1319:Nelson Evening Mail 1046:Registered electors 903: 813:Labour Hall, Petone 799:Eastern Hutt School 713:Labour Hall, Petone 537:Labour Hall, Petone 409:Mayor of Lower Hutt 354:Legislative Council 23: 2081: 1915:1930 Western Maori 1821:1922 Dunedin North 1811:1921 Auckland East 1801:1920 Bay of Plenty 899: 759:Day's Bay Pavilion 498:for Kerr and both 272:by Prime Minister 149:Popular vote 21: 2164: 2163: 2146:Electoral history 1984: 1983: 1905:1930 Invercargill 1665: 1644: 1060:Table footnotes: 1058: 1057: 870: 869: 454:Oxford University 374:he stood for the 238: 237: 234: 233: 180: 179: 68: 67: 2204: 2139:Related articles 2011: 2004: 1997: 1988: 1987: 1657: 1652: 1651: 1636: 1630: 1623: 1616: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1593: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1543:The Evening Post 1534: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1515:The Evening Post 1506: 1500: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1487:The Evening Post 1478: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1459:The Evening Post 1450: 1444: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1431:The Evening Post 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1383:"Myers, Michael" 1381:Spiller, Peter. 1378: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1350: 1344: 1343: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1310: 1304: 1303: 1299:The Evening Post 1293: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1274:The Evening Post 1265: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1244:National Library 1236: 1230: 1229:, pp. 77โ€“8. 1224: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1205:The Evening Post 1196: 1187: 1181: 1168: 1167:, pp. 78โ€“9. 1162: 1156: 1155: 1146:Scholefield, Guy 1142: 1136: 1135: 1119: 1102:The Evening Post 1089: 1086:father's article 1082: 1076: 1073:father's article 1069: 921: 904: 898: 892:Election results 859:Tue, 17 December 854:Korokoro School 847:Mon, 16 December 836:Sun, 15 December 824:Sat, 14 December 816:Knox Church Hall 810:Fri, 13 December 796:Thu, 12 December 784:Wed, 11 December 770:Tue, 10 December 653:Sat, 30 November 642:Fri, 29 November 630:Thu, 28 November 619:Wed, 27 November 606:Tue, 26 November 593:Mon, 25 November 582:Sun, 24 November 571:Sat, 23 November 560:Fri, 22 November 547:Thu, 21 November 534:Wed, 20 November 509: 508: 437:Charles Skerrett 423:, former MP for 421:Charles Johnston 367:Grey River Argus 242:Hutt by-election 200: 190: 106: 99: 92: 82: 81: 57: 55: 40: 39: 33: 32: 31: 24: 20: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2134: 2113: 2082: 2071: 2050: 2020: 2015: 1985: 1980: 1968:25th Parliament 1962: 1930:24th Parliament 1924: 1882:23rd Parliament 1876: 1859:22nd Parliament 1853: 1831:21st Parliament 1825: 1783:20th Parliament 1777: 1768:1918 Palmerston 1728:1917 Hawkes Bay 1718:1915 Taumarunui 1700:19th Parliament 1694: 1672:18th Parliament 1666: 1646: 1634: 1590: 1570:Sinclair, Keith 1565: 1560: 1559: 1549: 1547: 1538:"The Hutt Seat" 1536: 1535: 1531: 1521: 1519: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1493: 1491: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1465: 1463: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1437: 1435: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1411: 1407: 1397: 1395: 1379: 1375: 1365: 1363: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1280: 1278: 1267: 1266: 1259: 1249: 1247: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1225: 1221: 1211: 1209: 1198: 1197: 1190: 1182: 1171: 1163: 1159: 1143: 1139: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1093: 1092: 1083: 1079: 1070: 1066: 1015:Informal votes 987:Harold Johnston 894: 755:Mon, 9 December 744:Sun, 8 December 733:Sat, 7 December 722:Fri, 6 December 710:Thu, 5 December 698:Wed, 4 December 687:Tue, 3 December 675:Mon, 2 December 664:Sun, 1 December 550:Eandwick School 476: 462: 417:Harold Johnston 397: 380:Arthur Guinness 342: 307: 302: 290:Harold Johnston 226: 221: 211: 206: 198: 193: 185: 123:Harold Johnston 76:12,555 (84.27%) 53: 51: 34: 29: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2210: 2200: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2083: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2048: 2038: 2032: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2014: 2013: 2006: 1999: 1991: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1978: 1972: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1961: 1960: 1958:1935 Lyttelton 1955: 1950: 1948:1933 Lyttelton 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1786: 1784: 1780: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1763:1918 Taranaki 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1723:1916 Pahiatua 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1655: 1650: 1642: 1641: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1589:0-19-647949-5 1585: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1533: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1477: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1449: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1421: 1415:, p. 77. 1414: 1413:Sinclair 1976 1409: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1377: 1361: 1360: 1359:The Hutt News 1355: 1349: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1329: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1309: 1301: 1300: 1292: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1264: 1262: 1245: 1241: 1235: 1228: 1227:Sinclair 1976 1223: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1195: 1193: 1186:, p. 78. 1185: 1184:Sinclair 1976 1180: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1166: 1165:Sinclair 1976 1161: 1153: 1152: 1147: 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Ultimately 414: 410: 406: 402: 392: 390: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 368: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 337: 334: 330: 326: 325: 324:The Hutt News 320: 316: 312: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 230: 229: 225: 220: 217: 215: 214: 210: 205: 202: 201: 196: 189: 183: 175: 172: 170: 167: 164: 163: 159: 156: 154: 151: 148: 147: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 128: 127: 124: 121: 118: 116: 113: 110: 109: 105: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 83: 79: 75: 71: 64: → 63: 60: 58: 48: 46: 43:←  42: 41: 37: 25: 19: 2156:Black Budget 2150: 1976:1936 Manukau 1943:1932 Motueka 1920:1931 Hauraki 1910:1930 Waipawa 1900:1930 Parnell 1894: 1659: 1638: 1598: 1578:. Auckland: 1574: 1548:. Retrieved 1541: 1532: 1520:. Retrieved 1513: 1504: 1492:. Retrieved 1485: 1476: 1464:. Retrieved 1457: 1448: 1436:. Retrieved 1429: 1420: 1408: 1396:. Retrieved 1386: 1376: 1364:. Retrieved 1357: 1348: 1339:The Dominion 1337: 1328: 1317: 1308: 1297: 1291: 1279:. Retrieved 1272: 1248:. 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Retrieved 1203: 1160: 1149: 1140: 1123: 1117: 1100: 1094: 1080: 1067: 1059: 952: 947: 942: 935: 928: 900: 895: 875: 871: 496:Harry Atmore 477: 463: 445: 413:Alex Roberts 398: 395:Reform Party 389:Jack Andrews 365: 357: 343: 340:United Party 329:Peter Fraser 322: 308: 305:Labour Party 294:Reform Party 286:United Party 282:Labour Party 258:North Island 241: 239: 222: 218: 207: 203: 168: 152: 62:1931 general 49: 45:1928 general 18: 2055:Premiership 2018:Walter Nash 1953:1933 Buller 1872:1927 Raglan 1844:1923 Oamaru 1680:1912 Egmont 1661:(1939โ€“1995) 1640:(1891โ€“1911) 1575:Walter Nash 1550:18 November 966:James Kerr 937:Walter Nash 460:Independent 405:Will Strand 319:Walter Nash 278:Walter Nash 274:Joseph Ward 246:by-election 224:Walter Nash 165:Percentage 119:James Kerr 115:Walter Nash 2187:Lower Hutt 2171:Categories 1806:1912 Patea 1791:1920 Bruce 1563:References 1097:Upper Hutt 910:Candidate 490:for Nash, 350:James Kerr 333:Mark Fagan 111:Candidate 54:1929-12-18 2087:Elections 2062:1957โ€“1960 2047:(1929โ€“68) 2037:(1951โ€“63) 2031:(1957โ€“60) 1895:1929 Hutt 1867:1926 Eden 1753:1918 Grey 1738:1917 Grey 1685:1913 Grey 1132:154283103 1001:Majority 521:Johnston 467:Socialism 362:Greymouth 1572:(1976). 1398:27 March 1250:14 April 1148:(1932). 474:Campaign 1658:» 1645:  1637:« 1050:14,898 1034:12,555 1030:Turnout 292:of the 280:of the 248:in the 85:  73:Turnout 52: ( 1664:» 1643:« 1586:  1522:14 May 1494:14 May 1466:14 May 1438:14 May 1366:14 May 1281:14 May 1212:14 May 1130:  1040:โˆ’6.67 1037:84.27 1024:โˆ’1.31 1010:โˆ’8.14 994:20.64 991:2,570 982:Reform 972:38.83 969:4,835 962:United 953:โˆ’4.55 948:40.53 943:5,047 930:Labour 913:Votes 907:Party 502:& 494:& 486:& 425:Te Aro 370:. In 346:Petone 262:United 244:was a 228:Labour 213:United 176:20.64 173:38.83 160:2,570 157:4,835 143:Reform 138:United 133:Labour 129:Party 1109:Notes 1021:0.82 1007:1.70 882:Moera 518:Kerr 515:Nash 512:Date 169:40.53 153:5,047 2130:1954 2125:1951 2109:1960 2104:1957 2099:1954 2094:1951 2045:Hutt 2043:for 1584:ISBN 1552:2014 1524:2016 1496:2016 1468:2016 1440:2016 1400:2014 1368:2016 1283:2016 1252:2012 1214:2016 1128:OCLC 1018:103 1004:212 452:and 427:and 407:the 401:1922 376:Grey 372:1908 315:1928 313:and 311:1925 288:and 254:Hutt 240:The 252:of 2173:: 1582:. 1540:. 1512:. 1484:. 1456:. 1428:. 1391:. 1385:. 1356:. 1336:. 1316:. 1271:. 1260:^ 1242:. 1202:. 1191:^ 1172:^ 920:ยฑ% 916:% 482:, 391:. 317:, 2010:e 2003:t 1996:v 1629:e 1622:t 1615:v 1592:. 1554:. 1526:. 1498:. 1470:. 1442:. 1402:. 1370:. 1285:. 1254:. 1216:. 1134:. 1088:. 1075:. 56:)

Index

1928 general
1931 general



Walter Nash
Harold Johnston
Labour
United
Reform

Thomas Wilford
United
Walter Nash
Labour
by-election
New Zealand electorate
Hutt
North Island
United
Thomas Wilford
High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
Joseph Ward
Walter Nash
Labour Party
United Party
Harold Johnston
Reform Party
1925
1928

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