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1950 in science

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423: 1558: 1575: 723:, Illinois. Although the donated kidney is rejected 10 months later because no effective immunosuppressive drugs have been developed at this time, the intervening time gives Tucker's remaining kidney time to recover and she lives another 5 years. 293: 313: 267: 1311: 1500: 720: 1782: 2148: 272: 2126: 2100: 409: 1508: 1667: 1600: 1309:
Oort, Jan (1950). "The structure of the cloud of comets surrounding the Solar System and a hypothesis concerning its origin".
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Parsing the Turing Test: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer
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Barrett, N. R. (October 1950). "Chronic Peptic Ulcer of the Œsophagus and 'Œsophagitis'".
8: 1658: 1081: 1015: 1008: 830: 576: 251: 179: 2060: 2015: 1795: 1477: 1433: 1324: 2084: 2027: 1982: 1921: 1865: 1822: 1777: 1621: 1107: 963: 826: 355: 350: 199: 189: 1633: 1456: 1413: 616:'s paper "Error detecting and error correcting codes", seminal in the construction of 2106: 1974: 1932: 1899: 1893: 1827: 1741: 1382: 1222: 989: 562: 2102:
Radio and Television Regulation: Broadcast Technology in the United States 1920–1960
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Cutbush, M.; Mollison, P.L.; Parkin, D.M. (1950-02-04). "A New Human Blood Group".
1966: 1857: 1817: 1799: 1707: 1625: 1617: 1529: 1525: 1517: 1481: 1437: 1374: 1096: 945: 834: 734: 698: 694: 661: 625: 601:'s paper "Programming a Computer for Playing Chess", seminal in the development of 584: 2153: 2047: 1873: 1809: 1420: 1281: 1263: 1248: 1233: 1218: 1214: 1199: 1180: 1155: 1129: 1092: 1066: 1036: 928: 800: 613: 236: 231: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 122: 117: 112: 100: 95: 90: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 2130: 1715: 1711: 1698: 1390: 1252: 1207: 1118: 1070: 1026: 905: 888: 751: 737: 690: 606: 602: 598: 580: 509: 422: 2168: 1442: 1277: 1144: 1114: 1088: 1077: 1047: 1040: 893: 870: 847: 764: 757: 731: 686: 497: 493: 489: 476: 211: 194: 1970: 923: 2068: 1978: 1848: 1831: 1498: 1485: 1415: 1386: 1259: 1176: 1140: 1029: 949: 941: 621: 526: 518: 515: 505: 472: 466: 865:, developed and manufactured by the Reevesound Company, is introduced for 1804: 1285: 954: 911: 768: 665: 644: 632: 558: 537: 450: 174: 1521: 1869: 1629: 1288: 1133: 976: 901: 884: 530: 462: 438: 2082:"C.B.S. Color Video Starts Nov. 20; Adapters Needed by Present Sets". 918: 2023: 1457:
Thompson, S. G.; Street, Jr. K.; Ghiorso, A.; Seaborg, G. T. (1950).
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Thompson, S. G.; Street, Jr. K.; Ghiorso, A.; Seaborg, G. T. (1950).
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Ward, J. C. (1950). "An identity in quantum electrodynamics".
1267: 862: 855: 927:, introducing the radio audience to current developments in 1736:
Epstein, Robert; Roberts, Gary; Beber, Grace, eds. (2009).
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Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands
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Street, K. Jr.; Thompson, S. G.; Seaborg, G. T. (1950).
1340:""Where is everybody?": An account of Fermi's question" 523:
Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik
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is performed on Ruth Tucker, a 44-year-old woman with
1999: 1656: 850:, Larry Hansen and Frank Plomp introduce the plastic 841:
in the United States), but is abandoned a year later.
1735: 740:describes the condition which will become known as 1920: 1110:, American physicist, Nobel prize in physics 1998. 457:postulates the existence of an orbiting cloud of 2166: 1459:"The New Element Californium (Atomic Number 98)" 721:Little Company of Mary Hospital (Evergreen Park) 1783:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 444: 1846:Nash, J. F. (1950). "The Bargaining Problem". 403: 1601:"Error detecting and error correcting codes" 1356:Bassham, J.; Benson, A.; Calvin, M. (1950). 837:system to be adopted for commercial use (by 1891: 1559:"Programming a Computer for Playing Chess" 1221:), African American physician, pioneer in 587:at the University of California, Berkeley. 410: 396: 2149:"Pocket Radio Pages Doctors Night Or Day" 1821: 1803: 1441: 18:Overview of the events of 1950 in science 1918: 1509:Journal of the American Chemical Society 421: 2098: 1954: 1760: 1668:MacTutor History of Mathematics archive 1598: 1556: 767:is identified in a multiply-transfused 711:June 17 – The first cadaveric internal 2167: 1778:"Equilibrium Points in N-person Games" 1694:"Computing Machinery and Intelligence" 1691: 1358:"The path of carbon in photosynthesis" 1765:, Oxford University Press, p. 23 1337: 1189:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1123:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2044: 1845: 1775: 1501:"Chemical Properties of Californium" 1308: 637:Computing Machinery and Intelligence 904:that does not contradict essential 591: 13: 1622:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1950.tb00463.x 502:University of California, Berkeley 441:included some significant events. 14: 2196: 2127:"The Greatest Canadian Invention" 1557:Shannon, Claude E. (March 1950). 369:List of open letters by academics 362:Timeline of cosmological theories 2141: 2119: 2092: 2075: 2038: 1993: 1948: 1912: 1885: 1839: 1769: 1754: 1729: 1685: 1366:Journal of Biological Chemistry 465:) at the outermost edge of the 426:Operating room in Milan in 1950 2099:Slotten, Hugh Richard (2000). 1943:kidney transplant ruth tucker. 1763:An Introduction to Game Theory 1692:Turing, A. M. (October 1950). 1650: 1592: 1550: 1492: 1450: 1407: 1349: 1345:. Los Alamos technical report. 1331: 1302: 1158:), English computer scientist. 924:Doubt and Certainty in Science 651: 618:error detection and correction 1: 1609:Bell System Technical Journal 1599:Hamming, R. W. (April 1950). 1574:(314): 256–75. Archived from 1338:Jones, Eric M. (March 1985). 1295: 823:field-sequential color system 815: 376:History of technology by type 294:Governance and policy studies 1892:Poundstone, William (1992). 697:and formalized and named by 551: 445:Astronomy and space sciences 322:Extraterrestrial environment 7: 942:Fields Prize in Mathematics 705: 639:", seminal in the study of 268:Sustainable energy research 10: 2201: 1958:British Journal of Surgery 794: 571:, is first synthesized by 529:, pioneering the study of 483: 1169: 1001: 935: 877: 717:polycystic kidney disease 631:October – Publication of 383:List of science timelines 273:Transportation technology 2088:. 1950-10-12. p. 1. 1919:Petechuk, David (2006). 1712:10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433 1673:University of St Andrews 1663:"Richard Wesley Hamming" 1443:10.1103/PhysRev.78.298.2 1245:Annie Montague Alexander 1165:, British mathematician. 788:Toronto General Hospital 31:List of years in science 2180:20th century in science 1971:10.1002/bjs.18003815005 1898:. New York: Doubleday. 1761:Osborne, M. J. (2004), 1530:2027/mdp.39015086449173 973:Otto Paul Hermann Diels 944:(first postwar award): 805:Ward–Takahashi identity 641:artificial intelligence 612:April – Publication of 597:March – Publication of 327:Terrestrial environment 2069:10.1103/PhysRev.78.182 1567:Philosophical Magazine 1486:10.1103/PhysRev.80.790 1291:and computing pioneer. 1056:Nobel Prize in physics 994:Philip Showalter Hench 784:Wilfred Gordon Bigelow 713:kidney transplantation 536:Full-scale release of 427: 1927:. Greenwood. p.  1923:Organ transplantation 986:Edward Calvin Kendall 754:is first synthesized. 749:typical antipsychotic 658:John Forbes Nash, Jr. 620:codes and from which 425: 314:Dinosaurs' extinction 2137:on October 30, 2010. 1805:10.1073/pnas.36.1.48 1776:Nash, J. F. (1950). 1740:. New York: Kluwer. 1063:Stanley J. Korsmeyer 809:quantum field theory 782:in conjunction with 776:artificial pacemaker 742:Barrett's oesophagus 605:and introducing the 569:transuranium element 2061:1950PhRv...78..182W 2016:1950Natur.165..188C 1796:1950PNAS...36...48N 1522:10.1021/ja01166a528 1478:1950PhRv...80..790T 1434:1950PhRv...78..298T 1325:1950BAN....11...91O 1132:, née Ruhr, German 1082:electrical engineer 1016:social psychologist 1009:James W. Pennebaker 883:August 12 – In his 668:, initially in his 643:and presenting the 577:Kenneth Street, Jr. 573:Stanley G. Thompson 540:for control of the 2085:The New York Times 1895:Prisoner's Dilemma 1108:Robert B. Laughlin 964:Cecil Frank Powell 833:becomes the first 827:Hungarian American 747:December 11 – The 683:prisoner's dilemma 428: 2112:978-0-8018-6450-6 2010:(4188): 188–189. 1938:978-0-313-33542-6 1747:978-1-4020-6708-2 1657:O'Connor, J. J.; 1223:blood transfusion 1091:(died on mission 990:Tadeus Reichstein 420: 419: 218: 217: 43: 42: 2192: 2185:1950s in science 2159: 2158: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2133:. Archived from 2123: 2117: 2116: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2024:10.1038/165188b0 1997: 1991: 1990: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1926: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1889: 1883: 1881: 1843: 1837: 1835: 1825: 1807: 1773: 1767: 1766: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1723: 1714:. Archived from 1689: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1679: 1661:(January 2012). 1659:Robertson, E. F. 1654: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1638: 1632:. Archived from 1605: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1586: 1580: 1563: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1538: 1532:. Archived from 1505: 1496: 1490: 1489: 1463: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1402: 1401: 1395: 1389:. Archived from 1362: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1344: 1335: 1329: 1328: 1306: 1097:African American 946:Laurent Schwartz 900:to be a serious 861:First practical 835:color television 778:is developed by 735:thoracic surgeon 699:Albert W. Tucker 662:Nash equilibrium 626:Hamming distance 592:Computer science 585:Glenn T. Seaborg 412: 405: 398: 335:Tornado research 220: 219: 25: 24: 21: 20: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2175:1950 in science 2165: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2157:. January 1951. 2154:Popular Science 2147: 2146: 2142: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2097: 2093: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2048:Physical Review 2043: 2039: 1998: 1994: 1965:(150): 175–82. 1953: 1949: 1939: 1917: 1913: 1906: 1890: 1886: 1862:10.2307/1907266 1844: 1840: 1774: 1770: 1759: 1755: 1748: 1734: 1730: 1721: 1719: 1706:(236): 433–60. 1690: 1686: 1677: 1675: 1655: 1651: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1603: 1597: 1593: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1561: 1555: 1551: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1503: 1497: 1493: 1466:Physical Review 1461: 1455: 1451: 1421:Physical Review 1412: 1408: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1342: 1336: 1332: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1258:September 21 – 1243:September 10 – 1215:Charles R. Drew 1172: 1130:Eva-Maria Neher 1037:Linda Partridge 1004: 938: 929:neurophysiology 880: 821:October 11 – A 818: 797: 708: 654: 614:Richard Hamming 594: 554: 504:, discover the 486: 447: 416: 281:Social sciences 239: 234: 224:1950 in science 209: 166: 125: 87: 19: 12: 11: 5: 2198: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2161: 2160: 2140: 2131:CBC Television 2118: 2111: 2091: 2074: 2037: 1992: 1947: 1937: 1911: 1905:978-0385415675 1904: 1884: 1838: 1768: 1753: 1746: 1728: 1684: 1649: 1616:(2): 147–160. 1591: 1549: 1491: 1449: 1406: 1379:10.2172/910351 1348: 1330: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1276:December 11 – 1274: 1256: 1253:paleontologist 1241: 1226: 1211: 1208:epidemiologist 1192: 1175:February 25 – 1171: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1161:December 28 – 1159: 1150:December 27 – 1148: 1139:December 13 – 1137: 1128:November 22 – 1126: 1119:cell biologist 1111: 1104: 1099:physicist and 1085: 1074: 1071:cell biologist 1059: 1044: 1033: 1019: 1003: 1000: 999: 998: 997: 996: 979: 966: 952: 937: 934: 933: 932: 919:Reith Lectures 909: 906:Roman Catholic 889:Humani generis 879: 876: 875: 874: 859: 842: 831:Peter Goldmark 817: 814: 813: 812: 796: 793: 792: 791: 772: 761: 755: 752:Chlorpromazine 745: 738:Norman Barrett 724: 707: 704: 703: 702: 691:Melvin Dresher 679: 653: 650: 649: 648: 629: 610: 607:Shannon number 603:computer chess 599:Claude Shannon 593: 590: 589: 588: 581:Albert Ghiorso 553: 550: 549: 548: 534: 513: 510:photosynthesis 485: 482: 481: 480: 475:discusses the 470: 446: 443: 418: 417: 415: 414: 407: 400: 392: 389: 388: 387: 386: 379: 372: 365: 358: 353: 345: 344: 340: 339: 338: 337: 329: 328: 324: 323: 319: 318: 317: 316: 308: 307: 299: 298: 297: 296: 291: 283: 282: 278: 277: 276: 275: 270: 262: 261: 257: 256: 255: 254: 246: 245: 241: 240: 235: 230: 227: 226: 216: 215: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 171: 168: 167: 165: 164: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 120: 115: 110: 103: 98: 93: 88: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 48: 45: 44: 41: 40: 33: 28: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2197: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2114: 2108: 2105:. JHU Press. 2104: 2103: 2095: 2087: 2086: 2078: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2049: 2041: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1996: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1951: 1944: 1940: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1924: 1915: 1907: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1888: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1856:(2): 155–62. 1855: 1851: 1850: 1842: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1772: 1764: 1757: 1749: 1743: 1739: 1732: 1718:on 2008-07-02 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1688: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1639:on 2012-10-15 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1602: 1595: 1581:on 2010-07-06 1577: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1560: 1553: 1539:on 2012-01-19 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1502: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1460: 1453: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1422: 1417: 1410: 1396:on 2009-02-19 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1359: 1352: 1341: 1334: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1305: 1301: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1278:Leslie Comrie 1275: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1164: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1152:Joe Armstrong 1149: 1146: 1145:meteorologist 1142: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1115:James Rothman 1113:November 3 – 1112: 1109: 1106:November 1 – 1105: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089:Ronald McNair 1087:October 21 – 1086: 1083: 1079: 1078:Steven Sasson 1075: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048:Georg Bednorz 1045: 1042: 1041:gerontologist 1039:, English bio 1038: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1005: 995: 991: 987: 983: 980: 978: 974: 970: 967: 965: 961: 958: 957: 956: 953: 951: 947: 943: 940: 939: 930: 926: 925: 920: 917: 914:delivers the 913: 910: 907: 903: 899: 895: 894:Pope Pius XII 891: 890: 886: 882: 881: 872: 871:New York City 868: 864: 860: 857: 853: 849: 848:Harry Wasylyk 846: 843: 840: 836: 832: 829:engineer Dr. 828: 825:developed by 824: 820: 819: 810: 806: 802: 799: 798: 789: 785: 781: 780:John A. Hopps 777: 773: 770: 766: 765:Duffy antigen 762: 759: 758:Antihistamine 756: 753: 750: 746: 743: 739: 736: 733: 729: 725: 722: 718: 714: 710: 709: 700: 696: 692: 688: 687:Merrill Flood 685:is framed by 684: 680: 677: 674: 671: 667: 663: 660:proposes the 659: 656: 655: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 608: 604: 600: 596: 595: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 567: 564: 560: 557:February 9 – 556: 555: 546: 543: 539: 535: 532: 528: 524: 520: 517: 514: 511: 507: 503: 499: 498:Andrew Benson 495: 494:James Bassham 491: 490:Melvin Calvin 488: 487: 478: 477:Fermi paradox 474: 471: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 449: 448: 442: 440: 436: 435: 424: 413: 408: 406: 401: 399: 394: 393: 391: 390: 385: 384: 380: 378: 377: 373: 371: 370: 366: 364: 363: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 348: 347: 346: 343:Other/related 342: 341: 336: 333: 332: 331: 330: 326: 325: 321: 320: 315: 312: 311: 310: 309: 306: 305: 301: 300: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 285: 284: 280: 279: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 264: 263: 259: 258: 253: 250: 249: 248: 247: 243: 242: 238: 233: 229: 228: 225: 222: 221: 214: 213: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 172: 170: 169: 163: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 108: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 56: 53: 50: 49: 47: 46: 38: 34: 32: 29: 27: 26: 23: 22: 16: 2152: 2143: 2135:the original 2121: 2101: 2094: 2083: 2077: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1962: 1956: 1950: 1942: 1922: 1914: 1894: 1887: 1853: 1849:Econometrica 1847: 1841: 1787: 1781: 1771: 1762: 1756: 1737: 1731: 1720:. 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Index

List of years in science
table

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960

Art
Archaeology
Architecture
Literature
Music

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