288:
570:
294:
602:
539:
647:
1294:
378:
673:
398:
477:
450:
1169:(PSII), also adopted a main campaign theme similar to other political parties. Parmusi, the newest party in the elections, stated on 17 March 1971, that the party would not establish an Islamic state or another new country, but would continue to defend Pancasila and the constitution. The party also stated that it supported the five-year plan of the government. Nahdlatul Ulama stated on national television on 29 April 1971 that one of its main goals for the election was to enforce and uphold
947:
25:
2320:
935:
1019:
1623:. The Golkar landslide meant that a proportional representation system had produced a government party with a majority in the legislature. More important was the fact that the Indonesian military, through Golkar, had become a participant in parliamentary politics. In 1973, the MPR comprising the membership of the new DPR together with the appointed regional, functional and social representatives, re-elected Suharto to the presidency.
1186:
hold further elections, and secure the national revolution. Golkar further stated that "the new history of
Indonesia was made possible by the cooperation of the army, people, and Golkar", and promised that Golkar would not be divided based on ideology, but rather would be a big tent. The big tent principle of Golkar would later help it to be supported by large groups, mainly by the army and government employees.
1220:
721:
1267:
legislature. All seats were to be allocated in the regional electoral districts, rather than being divided up based on national results. The government also disqualified large numbers of candidates from the political parties. Hardest hit was the PNI, with 171 disqualifications leaving it with 506 candidates. Parsumi lost 141, and the NU lost 24 candidates.
1154:. In a speech on national television, PNI leader Usep Ranawidjaja stated that Pancasila and constitution were the basic things that the government need to run the country and carry out the people's will. He also stated that democracy in the political system of Indonesia had to be implemented with all of its consequences.
1618:
Immediately before the election, a Golkar spokesman stated that he expected Golkar to win no more than 35 percent of the vote. Predictions from the other parties were for up to 100 seats from the PNI, up to 79 seats from
Parmusi, 35 from Parkindo and 20 from Murba. Only the NU was anywhere close with
1194:
Most of the campaign used traditional methods, such as mass gatherings and the display of banners. Mass gatherings mostly took place in stadiums, school fields, and in sports halls. Places of worship were also used by
Islamic and Christian political parties to gather crowds. For example, the Catholic
1185:
Meanwhile, Golkar, which was an organization rather than a political party in the election, used its five-point political statement as the main basis for its campaign. The political statement stated that Golkar would implement a system of democracy based on
Pancasila, form a new and clean government,
1173:
and the belief in God according to
Pancasila. The party also supported the idea of villages as the basis for development, and industrialization as a way to end unemployment. The PSII campaigned for the election to be a way to exemplify the democratic system in Indonesia. Even though it was an Islamic
1134:
Most of the main theme for campaign by the political parties were democracy and development. The
Catholic Party promoted their "Three Programs", which included democracy, reform, and development. Their campaign head was I. J. Kasimo, who stated that the main goal for the Catholic Party was to protect
1275:
The results were officially announced on 7 August. Although the Golkar victory was expected, given its financial advantages and superior access to transport and communication, as well as the strong support from the army, the collapse of the PNI vote surprised many. An opinion poll in Java and Madura
1181:
did not have any grandiose promises or ideals. Instead, it focused its campaign on rural matters, such as irrigation, roads, and agricultural matters. It insisted that problems in those sectors should be fixed immediately by the government. Perti itself viewed the elections as a way to educate the
1116:
and the government's policies or their implementation. Also banned were disrespectful comments about state officials or leaders of foreign countries. Permission for election rallies had to be obtained in advance, and all election materials had to be submitted to the authorities for approval. There
1210:
cars, along with several thousand rupiahs in cash for their maintenance. Cars were used by the PSII for campaign purposes, and the party also built mosques. Golkar and the parties also made use of television and radio for campaign speeches, but they were only allowed to read pre-approved prepared
1266:
Away from the political parties, civil servants were effectively obliged to vote Golkar and regional administrators were required to fulfill "quotas" of Golkar votes. The system of allocating seats was changed from that of the 1955 election to reduce the number of parties winning seats in the
1626:
A year before the election, President
Suharto had said that he wanted the political parties to join in two groups, one religious and one nationalist. This led to the establishment in March 1970 of the United Development Group, comprising Nahdlatul Ulama, Parmusi, the PSII and Perti, and the
1103:
announced the election campaign rules, and two days later spoke on television and asked all election participants to campaign for national, not party issues. The official campaign ran from 27 April to 25 June. Under the rules, which the newspaper
1066:, a member of Suharto's personal staff, time to turn Golkar into an organisation fit to command a majority in the legislature, the general election originally planned for no later than 5 July 1968 was postponed to no later than 5 July 1971.
1627:
Democratic
Development Group, comprising the PNI, IPKI, Murba and the two Christian parties, which had refused to be grouped with the Muslim parties. After the election, Suharto announced that the DPR would comprise four factions, the
1135:
human rights in
Indonesia. Similar to their Catholic counterpart, the Indonesian Christian Party also promoted human rights, also campaigning for regional autonomy, and the equal partnership of the army, Golkar, and political parties.
1125:
campaigned for the party in the early stages. The seven-day period after the end of the campaign was a "calming down" period, with no campaigning and all election posters within 300 meters of polling stations being removed.
1631:(ABRI), Golkar, the Spiritual-Material Group (the Muslim parties) and the Material-Spiritual group (the PNI, Parkindo and the Catholic Party). In March 1973, year, the four Muslim parties, were forced to merge into the
1639:. These parties were afflicted by internal divisions and were never a credible political threat. Forbidden to organize down to the village level and later obliged to accept Pancasila as their
617:
1079:
to the effect that the government had begun to take the necessary steps to organise the poll. A General
Election Board was established in mid-1969 headed by Minister of Home Affairs
2596:
1276:
from December 1970 to March 1971 had predicted it would garner 24.7 percent of the vote, but it won just 7 percent. Golkar won 227 of the 251 directly elected seats in the
1202:
A more modern tactic for campaign was also used by political parties, involving motor vehicles donated by the government. For example, the Nahdlatul Ulama held a rally at
553:
1227:
Suharto's personal assistant and head of the Opsus Army intelligence organization, along with Home Affairs Minister Amir Machmud and internal security organization
1086:
A total of 6,000 tons of paper, 6 ships, 45,000 motor vehicles and 793,036 ballot boxes (lockable to ensure secrecy of the ballot) were needed for the election.
688:
1231:
were tasked with making sure Golkar won the election. In order to weaken possible rivals to Golkar, the government manipulated the top two parties from the
1284:. Golkar was also awarded the remaining 100 seats according to the provisions of the 1969 Election Law, giving it 336, almost three quarters of the total.
585:
308:
102:
1062:
organisation would be its political vehicle. The regime stressed that Golkar ("Functional Groups") was not a political party. In order to give General
2583:
2425:
746:
319:
2286:
1520:
978:
865:
661:
2308:
1247:
following that party's banning in 1960) such that they lost credibility in the eyes of voters. Given that the party that had come fourth, the
256:
2573:
2618:
2638:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
913:
909:
1206:, involving around a thousand cars and motorcycles, and carrying around the symbol of Nahdlatul Ulama. The PSII was given several
592:
468:
2116:
Power and Political Culture in Suharto’s Indonesia: The Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and Decline of the New Order (1986–98)
918:
887:
878:
2360:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2259:
2085:
2003:
850:
840:
835:
830:
825:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2420:
1620:
1232:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
751:
577:
517:
63:
49:
39:
2553:
971:
1083:. On 23 September 1970, the ballot paper numbers and electoral symbols for the 10 election participants were announced.
2301:
2219:
1635:, while parties of the Material-Spiritual group as well as IPKI and Murba (who had no DPR seats), were merged into the
1277:
1007:
1223:
Officials recording the votes cast for each party in the Operations Room at the Home Affairs Ministry on 2 August 1971
2377:
2277:
2237:
2199:
2141:
2123:
2104:
1051:
1047:
680:
569:
545:
530:
287:
2491:
2485:
2480:
2366:
2355:
2209:
1628:
860:
845:
811:
806:
699:
601:
293:
2316:
2623:
2588:
2578:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2508:
609:
538:
2633:
2095:
Dahm, Bernard (1974). "The Parties, the Masses and the Elections: A Historical Survey". In Oey Hong Lee (ed.).
1424:
1263:
later said that without the intervention from ABRI, Golkar would have lost the election to the Muslim parties.
1166:
964:
900:
188:
441:
2294:
646:
2173:
1248:
1069:
After a time with no word from the government concerning the forthcoming election, on 22 October 1968, the
1039:
727:
1636:
484:
172:
2628:
1496:
1472:
1448:
1178:
653:
251:
230:
209:
1376:
1236:
1151:
1139:
1113:
512:
404:
146:
1022:
The symbols and ballot paper numbers of the organizations participating in the 1971 general election
1632:
1006:, which came first with more than 60 percent of the vote, resulting in an absolute majority in the
2228:
Oey Hong Lee (1974). "Indonesian Freedom of Press and the 1971 Elections". In Oey Hong Lee (ed.).
1293:
1122:
1050:(MPRS) passed a resolution calling for elections to be held by 5 June 1968. Two years later, the
389:
672:
397:
377:
2332:
2324:
1640:
712:
638:
496:
456:
1252:
1108:
called "The Twelve Commandments", election participants were forbidden to question the state
1055:
1043:
999:
417:
363:
1147:
1109:
664:
620:
505:
423:
107:
8:
1121:, which affected the PNI campaign in particular as two of Sukarno's children, Guntur and
476:
193:
1002:
regime. There were ten participants; nine political parties and the "functional group"
214:
1619:
its prediction of 65 seats, and it was the only party to do better than it had in the
1174:
party, the PSII focused its campaign on constitutional rather than religious matters.
2273:
2255:
2233:
2215:
2195:
2137:
2119:
2100:
2081:
1999:
1196:
324:
2181:
Liddle, R. William (1978), "The 1977 Indonesian Election and New Order Legitimacy",
449:
939:
556:
412:
151:
1199:, and the Islamic parties frequently used mosques as a way to rally their masses.
1644:
1352:
1162:
951:
339:
330:
125:
2247:
1256:
492:
261:
2612:
1991:
1244:
1071:
588:
1203:
1100:
1080:
335:
130:
1117:
was also a specific ban on "partisan use" of the name of former president
1544:
1143:
1063:
464:
946:
1281:
1031:
235:
2159:] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Lembaga Pendidikan dan Konsultasi Pers
2150:
2319:
2134:
The History of Political Parties & General Elections in Indonesia
1228:
995:
691:
624:
24:
1643:, they were the only parties allowed to contest elections until the
1018:
1038:
authority to restore order. Suharto used this document to ban the
280:
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
1400:
1260:
1240:
1158:
1118:
1076:
1035:
1027:
167:
1328:
1207:
1170:
1059:
1003:
560:
97:
1219:
720:
1138:
Nationalist and socialist political parties, such as the
1214:
2166:
Pemilu Indonesia dalam Angka dan Fakta: Tahun 1955-1999
90:
2170:
Indonesian Elections in Facts and Figures: 1955-1999
2151:
Ikatan Pers Mahasiswa Indonesia (IPMI), ed. (1972),
2031:
2029:
1300:
2610:
2214:, Modern Indonesia Project, Cornell University,
2026:
1280:as well as all nine indirectly elected seats in
1182:citizens to understand their rights and duties.
1146:also emphasized the need to implement the state
1994:, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001)
1521:League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence
1094:
1910:, 16 April 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) pp 86-87
1259:(NU) as a major rival. Kopkamtib head General
2302:
1996:Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II
1717:
972:
82:
2227:
1813:, 3 June 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) pp 85-86
2270:A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s
2252:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200
2232:. Oxford University press. pp. 23–36.
2211:Golkar and the Indonesian elections of 1971
1922:
1801:, 1 May 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) pp 88-98
1753:, 29 April 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) p. 81
1099:On 22 April, Home Affairs Minister General
1054:elected Suharto president. The army-backed
1042:(PKI), which was officially blamed for the
2309:
2295:
2099:. Oxford University press. pp. 7–22.
2075:
1862:, 20 May 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) p. 118
1825:, 26 May 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) p. 123
1792:
1656:
1251:, had been banned in the aftermath of the
1048:Provisional People's Consultative Assembly
979:
965:
2207:
1937:KPU (Central Elections Commission) (2000)
1874:, 9 June 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) p. 83
1838:, 1 May 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) p. 104
1765:, 1 May 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) p. 113
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1603:Source: Cribb & Kahin (2004), Nohlen
1255:coup attempt in 1965, that left only the
2246:
1898:, 1 May 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) p. 89
1789:, 3 May 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) p. 99
1777:, 6 May 1971, cited in IPMI (1972) p. 17
1218:
1075:daily reported a statement by President
1017:
2267:
1058:regime subsequently announced that the
356:This article is part of a series on the
2611:
2180:
1940:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1665:
2290:
2131:
2113:
2076:Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004).
1958:
1589:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1215:Manipulation to ensure Golkar victory
1046:the previous September. In June, the
2254:(4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan,
2094:
1726:
998:on 3 July 1971, the first under the
298:Results by city, regency and country
17:1971 Indonesian legislative election
2272:(2nd ed.), Allen & Unwin,
2189:
2163:
1931:
1189:
1157:Islamic political parties, such as
1129:
13:
2619:Legislative elections in Indonesia
2230:Indonesia After the 1971 Elections
2097:Indonesia After the 1971 Elections
2078:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia
1177:Unlike the other Islamic parties,
376:
14:
2650:
2318:
2136:. Jakarta: Arise Consultancies.
1292:
945:
933:
719:
671:
645:
600:
568:
537:
475:
448:
396:
292:
286:
23:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2017:
2008:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1949:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1828:
1816:
1804:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1008:People's Representative Council
610:Regional Representative Council
67:181 seats needed for a majority
2639:People's Consultative Assembly
2194:, Routledge & Kegan Paul,
1735:
1708:
1425:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
1167:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
1052:People's Consultative Assembly
919:Diplomatic missions in Jakarta
546:People's Consultative Assembly
1:
2132:Evans, Kevin Raymond (2003).
2068:
1982:Cribb & Kahin (2004) p494
1013:
2174:General Elections Commission
1613:
1095:Regulations and restrictions
1040:Communist Party of Indonesia
728:General Elections Commission
62:360 of the 460 seats in the
7:
2208:Nishihara, Masashi (1972),
1637:Indonesian Democratic Party
1089:
485:Vice President of Indonesia
173:Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja
10:
2655:
1723:Oey Hong Lee (1974)pp31-32
1497:Islamic Education Movement
1449:Indonesian Christian Party
1270:
1249:Indonesian Communist Party
654:Supreme Court of Indonesia
2501:
2376:
2331:
2044:Nishihara (1972) pp 51-52
2014:Nishihara (1972) pp 41-42
1714:Nishihara (1972) pp 32-34
1645:end of the Suharto regime
1602:
1598:
1590:Registered voters/turnout
1585:
1565:
1377:Indonesian National Party
1320:
1317:
1314:
1291:
1237:Indonesian National Party
1152:Constitution of Indonesia
1140:Indonesian National Party
1026:In March 1966, President
888:List of political parties
405:Constitution of Indonesia
313:
307:
250:
229:
208:
187:
166:
145:
124:
96:
71:
60:
33:
21:
2183:South East Asian Affairs
1650:
1633:United Development Party
578:House of Representatives
64:House of Representatives
2172:] (in Indonesian),
2118:, Denmark: NIAS Press,
2080:. Scarecrow Press Inc.
1973:Nishihara (1972) pp 1–2
735:Chairman Hasyim Asy'ari
2624:1971 elections in Asia
2333:Presidential elections
2325:Elections in Indonesia
2268:Schwarz, Adam (1999),
2192:The Indonesian Tragedy
2114:Eklöf, Stefan (2003),
1955:Nishihara (1972) p. 41
1928:Ricklefs (2008) p. 465
1919:Nishihara (1972) p. 35
1741:Nishihara (1972) p. 39
1662:Ricklefs (2008) p. 451
1224:
1195:Party gathered at the
1034:giving Army commander
1023:
910:Diplomatic missions of
821:Presidential elections
457:President of Indonesia
381:
2634:New Order (Indonesia)
2378:Legislative elections
2157:1971 General Election
2062:Evans (2003) pp 20-24
2053:Eklöf (2003) pp 54-55
1253:30 September Movement
1222:
1021:
992:Legislative elections
742:Legislative elections
429:(national philosophy)
380:
2023:Liddle (1978) p. 125
940:Indonesia portal
681:Constitutional court
665:Muhammad Syarifuddin
621:La Nyalla Mattalitti
2190:May, Brian (1978),
2153:Pemilihan Umum 1971
1288:
952:Politics portal
866:Electoral Districts
700:Judicial commission
513:Regional government
391:National government
194:Anwar Tjokroaminoto
18:
2035:Liddle (1978) p126
1678:Schwarz (1999) p70
1287:
1282:Western New Guinea
1243:(the successor to
1225:
1024:
382:
215:Melanchton Siregar
16:
2629:1971 in Indonesia
2606:
2605:
2261:978-0-230-54686-8
2087:978-0-8108-4935-8
2004:978-0-19924-958-9
1611:
1610:
1197:Jakarta Cathedral
1150:ideology and the
1114:1945 Constitution
989:
988:
902:Foreign relations
880:Political parties
367:
349:
348:
345:
344:
303:
302:
278:
277:
103:Suprapto Sukowati
56:
55:
2646:
2323:
2322:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2264:
2243:
2224:
2204:
2186:
2177:
2160:
2147:
2128:
2110:
2091:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2006:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1663:
1660:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1190:Campaign methods
1130:Themes and goals
981:
974:
967:
950:
949:
938:
937:
936:
903:
881:
723:
715:
675:
649:
641:
604:
572:
557:Bambang Soesatyo
541:
533:
479:
452:
444:
431:
430:
400:
392:
370:
365:
357:
351:
350:
328:
305:
304:
296:
290:
283:
282:
265:
152:Mohammad Isnaeni
111:
92:
84:
73:
72:
35:
34:
28:
27:
19:
15:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2502:Local elections
2497:
2372:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2285:
2280:
2262:
2240:
2222:
2202:
2144:
2126:
2107:
2088:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:May (1978) p249
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1896:Duta Masyarakat
1894:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1848:Duta Masyarakat
1846:
1842:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:IPMI (1972) p79
1704:
1700:
1696:IPMI (1972) p77
1695:
1691:
1687:IPMI (1972) p61
1686:
1682:
1677:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1616:
1353:Nahdlatul Ulama
1273:
1217:
1192:
1163:Nahdlatul Ulama
1132:
1097:
1092:
1016:
985:
956:
944:
934:
932:
924:
923:
905:
901:
893:
892:
883:
879:
871:
870:
857:
738:
717:
713:
705:
704:
696:
669:
643:
639:
631:
630:
598:
566:
535:
531:
523:
522:
502:
446:
442:
434:
433:
428:
427:
422:
394:
390:
368:
364:
355:
338:
329:
322:
299:
291:
281:
259:
105:
66:
61:
29:
22:
12:
11:
5:
2652:
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2248:Ricklefs, M.C.
2244:
2238:
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2221:978-0877630043
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2055:
2046:
2037:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1964:Dahm (1974) p7
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1755:
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1732:Dahm (1974) p8
1725:
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1698:
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1499:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1487:
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1478:
1475:
1473:Catholic Party
1470:
1467:
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1302:
1298:
1297:
1272:
1269:
1257:Nahdatul Ulama
1216:
1213:
1191:
1188:
1131:
1128:
1112:ideology, the
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1015:
1012:
987:
986:
984:
983:
976:
969:
961:
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942:
929:
926:
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789:
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695:
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629:
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582:
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395:
388:
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373:
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360:
359:
347:
346:
343:
342:
333:
320:Achmad Sjaichu
316:
315:
312:
301:
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297:
279:
276:
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269:
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254:
248:
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2279:9781760636913
2275:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2239:0-19-713422-X
2235:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2201:0-7100-8834-5
2197:
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2188:
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2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2143:979-97445-0-4
2139:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2125:87-91114-50-0
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2106:0-19-713422-X
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2020:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1992:Dieter Nohlen
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1886:, 2 June 1971
1885:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1860:Suluh Marhaen
1856:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1834:Editorial of
1831:
1824:
1823:Sinar Harapan
1819:
1812:
1811:Sinar Harapan
1807:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1783:
1776:
1775:Suluh Marhaen
1771:
1764:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:sole ideology
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1621:1955 election
1606:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
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1546:
1543:
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1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
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1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1498:
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1482:
1479:
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1474:
1471:
1469:
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1420:
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1407:
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1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:
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1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1354:
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1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1313:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:1955 election
1230:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1072:Sinar Harapan
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:were held in
993:
982:
977:
975:
970:
968:
963:
962:
960:
959:
953:
948:
943:
941:
931:
930:
928:
927:
920:
917:
915:
911:
908:
907:
904:
897:
896:
889:
886:
885:
882:
875:
874:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
822:
819:
818:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:1955 (Const.)
745:
744:
743:
740:
739:
734:
733:
730:
729:
725:
724:
722:
716:
709:
708:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
689:Chief Justice
687:
686:
683:
682:
678:
677:
676:
674:
666:
663:
662:Chief Justice
660:
659:
656:
655:
651:
650:
648:
642:
635:
634:
626:
622:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
607:
606:
605:
603:
594:
590:
589:Puan Maharani
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
575:
574:
573:
571:
562:
558:
555:
552:
551:
548:
547:
543:
542:
540:
534:
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
507:
504:
503:
498:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
482:
481:
480:
478:
470:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
454:
453:
451:
445:
438:
437:
432:
426:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
402:
401:
399:
393:
386:
385:
379:
375:
374:
371:
362:
361:
358:
353:
352:
341:
337:
334:
332:
326:
321:
318:
317:
314:Speaker after
310:
306:
295:
289:
285:
284:
273:
270:
267:
263:
258:
255:
253:
249:
245:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
228:
224:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
207:
203:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
186:
182:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
165:
161:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
144:
140:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
104:
101:
99:
95:
89:
86:
81:
78:
75:
74:
70:
65:
59:
52: →
51:
48:
46:
43:
41:
38:←
37:
36:
32:
26:
20:
2595:
2589:
2490:
2430:
2365:
2269:
2251:
2229:
2210:
2191:
2182:
2169:
2165:
2164:KPU (2000),
2156:
2152:
2133:
2115:
2096:
2077:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2019:
2010:
1995:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1850:, 7 May 1971
1847:
1843:
1835:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1658:
1629:Armed Forces
1625:
1617:
1604:
1274:
1265:
1226:
1204:Ujungpandang
1201:
1193:
1184:
1176:
1156:
1137:
1133:
1105:
1101:Amir Machmud
1098:
1085:
1081:Amir Machmud
1070:
1068:
1044:coup attempt
1025:
991:
990:
914:in Indonesia
820:
756:
741:
726:
679:
670:
652:
608:
599:
576:
567:
544:
483:
474:
455:
424:
403:
354:
336:Idham Chalid
131:Idham Chalid
44:
1884:Harian Kami
1872:Harian Kami
1836:Suara Karya
1763:Harian Kami
1545:Murba Party
1144:Murba Party
1106:Harian Kami
1064:Ali Murtopo
532:Legislature
493:Ma'ruf Amin
465:Joko Widodo
366:Politics of
323: [
260: [
257:Rusli Halil
106: [
45:3 July 1971
2613:Categories
2590:2024 (Nov)
2584:2024 (Feb)
2426:1955 (Dec)
2421:1955 (Sep)
2069:References
1593:58,179,245
1569:54,699,509
1357:10,213,650
1333:34,348,673
1239:(PNI) and
1165:, and the
1142:(PNI) and
1123:Rachmawati
1014:Background
236:Frans Seda
2250:(2008) ,
2185:: 122–138
1614:Aftermath
1429:1,308,237
1405:2,930,746
1381:3,793,266
1318:Appointed
1229:Kopkamtib
1148:Pancasila
1110:Pancasila
1056:New Order
1030:signed a
1000:New Order
996:Indonesia
714:Elections
692:Suhartoyo
640:Judiciary
625:East Java
518:Governors
443:Executive
425:Pancasila
369:Indonesia
1607:. (2001)
1090:Campaign
1032:document
418:Taxation
210:Parkindo
1908:Pedoman
1787:Pedoman
1525:338,403
1501:381,309
1477:603,740
1453:733,359
1401:Parmusi
1315:Elected
1271:Results
1261:Sumitro
1245:Masjumi
1241:Parmusi
1211:texts.
1159:Parmusi
1119:Sukarno
1077:Suharto
1036:Suharto
1028:Sukarno
618:Speaker
586:Speaker
554:Speaker
506:Cabinet
309:Speaker
231:Katolik
168:Parmusi
79:Leader
2276:
2258:
2236:
2218:
2198:
2140:
2122:
2103:
2084:
2002:
1998:, p99
1799:Kompas
1751:Kompas
1572:100.00
1549:48,126
1329:Golkar
1235:, the
1208:Toyota
1171:Sharia
1060:Golkar
1004:Golkar
561:Golkar
311:before
135:18.67
114:62.80
98:Golkar
87:Seats
2176:(KPU)
2168:[
2155:[
1651:Notes
1605:et al
1566:Total
1360:18.67
1336:62.80
1321:Total
1310:Seats
1304:Votes
1301:Party
1179:Perti
593:PDI-P
469:PDI-P
327:]
268:0.69
264:]
252:PERTI
240:1.10
219:1.34
198:2.39
177:5.36
156:6.93
110:]
76:Party
2597:2029
2579:2020
2574:2019
2569:2018
2564:2017
2559:2015
2554:2014
2549:2013
2544:2012
2539:2011
2534:2010
2529:2008
2524:2007
2519:2006
2514:2005
2509:1957
2492:2029
2486:2024
2481:2019
2476:2014
2471:2009
2466:2004
2461:1999
2456:1997
2451:1992
2446:1987
2441:1982
2436:1977
2431:1971
2416:1939
2411:1935
2406:1931
2401:1927
2396:1924
2391:1921
2386:1917
2367:2029
2361:2024
2356:2019
2351:2014
2346:2009
2341:2004
2274:ISBN
2256:ISBN
2234:ISBN
2216:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2138:ISBN
2120:ISBN
2101:ISBN
2082:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1552:0.09
1528:0.62
1504:0.70
1480:1.10
1456:1.34
1432:2.39
1408:5.36
1384:6.93
851:2024
846:2019
841:2014
836:2009
831:2004
826:1999
812:2024
807:2019
802:2014
797:2009
792:2004
787:1999
782:1997
777:1992
772:1987
767:1982
762:1977
757:1971
752:1955
497:Ind.
189:PSII
183:−33
162:−37
141:+13
120:New
117:236
50:1977
40:1955
1581:460
1578:100
1575:360
1345:336
1342:100
1339:236
1278:DPR
861:Law
413:Law
274:−2
246:−3
225:−1
204:+2
201:10
180:24
159:20
147:PNI
138:58
91:+/–
2615::
2028:^
1667:^
1647:.
1441:10
1435:10
1417:24
1411:24
1393:20
1387:20
1369:58
1363:58
1161:,
1010:.
912:/
340:NU
331:NU
325:id
271:2
262:id
243:3
222:7
126:NU
108:id
2310:e
2303:t
2296:v
2242:.
2146:.
2109:.
2090:.
1596:–
1561:0
1558:0
1555:0
1537:0
1534:0
1531:0
1513:2
1510:0
1507:2
1489:3
1486:0
1483:3
1465:7
1462:0
1459:7
1438:0
1414:0
1390:0
1366:0
1307:%
980:e
973:t
966:v
627:)
623:(
595:)
591:(
563:)
559:(
499:)
495:(
471:)
467:(
83:%
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