1093:, the only coup leaders still alive at the time, for their role in the coup. Prosecutors sought life sentences against the two retired generals. According to the indictment, a total of 191 people died in custody during the aftermath of the coup, due to "inhumane" acts. The trial began on 4 April 2012. In 2012, a court case was launched against Şahinkaya and Kenan Evren relating to the 1980 military coup. Both were sentenced to life imprisonment on 18 June 2014 by a court in Ankara. But neither of the two was sent to prison as both were in hospitals for medical treatment. Şahinkaya died in the Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital (GATA) in
227:
436:, which held the largest holdings of the country, were opposed by other social classes such as smaller industrialists, traders, rural notables, and landlords, whose interests did not always coincide among themselves. Numerous agricultural and industrial reforms sought by parts of the middle upper classes were blocked by others. By the end of the 1970s, Turkey was in an unstable situation with unsolved economic and social problems, facing strike actions, and the partial paralysis of parliamentary politics. The
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people were tortured, and thousands disappeared. A total of 1,683,000 people were blacklisted. Apart from the militants killed during shootings, at least four prisoners were legally executed immediately after the coup; the first ones since 1972, while in
February 1982 there were 108 prisoners condemned to capital punishment. Among the prosecuted were Ecevit, Demirel, Türkeş, and Erbakan, who were incarcerated and temporarily suspended from politics.
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military government charged 220 members of the MHP and its affiliates for 694 murders. Evren and his cohorts realized that Türkeş was a charismatic leader who could challenge their authority using the paramilitary Grey Wolves. Following the coup in
Colonel Türkeş's indictment, the Turkish press revealed the close links maintained by the MHP with security forces as well as
1012:, and included several retired military officers and a few civil servants. Some alleged in Turkey, after the coup, that General Saltuk had been preparing a more radical, rightist coup, which had been one of the reasons prompting the other generals to act, respecting the hierarchy, and then to include him in the MGK in order to neutralize him.
820:, who said he looked forward to it in order to avoid thinking of the torture he had witnessed. According to official records he was born in 1961. He was accused of killing a Turkish soldier. Kenan Evren said "Now, after I catch him, I will put him on trial, and then I will not execute him, I will take care of him for life. I will feed that
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another diplomat rather than Henze informed the president, saying "Boys in Ankara did it." However, according to the same interview, Henze, the CIA and the
Pentagon did not know about the coup beforehand. Some Turkish media sources reported it as "Henze indeed said Our boys did it", while others simply called the statement an
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istediğim, yönetime müdahale için zamanı geldi mi? Ya da uyarıda mı bulunmak daha uygun olur? Bu hususlar etüt edilecek. Arada rapor verin. Hiçbir şey kayda geçmeyecek. Tek nüsha yazılsın. Elle… Bugün 11 Eylül, altı ay içinde tamamlayın. Bir de görevlendireceğimiz kişilere maske görev verin. Etrafın dikkatini çekmesin.
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to alert them of the coup an hour in advance. Both in his press conference held after the government was overthrown and when interrogated by public prosecutor in 2011 General Kenan Evren said "the US did not have pre-knowledge of the coup but we informed them of the coup 2 hours in advance due to our
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The coup rounded up members of both the left and right for trial with military tribunals. Within a very short time, there were 250,000 to 650,000 people detained. Among the detainees, 230,000 were tried, 14,000 were stripped of citizenship, and 50 were executed. In addition, hundreds of thousands of
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In the days following the coup the NSC suspended parliament, disbanded all political parties and took their leaders in custody. Workers' strikes were made illegal and labor unions were suspended. Local governors, mayors and public servants were replaced by military personnel. Curfews were imposed in
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wrote that after the government was overthrown, Henze cabled
Washington, saying, "our boys did it." On a June 2003 interview to Zaman, Henze denied American involvement stating "I did not say to Carter 'Our boys did it.' It is totally a tale, a myth, it is something Birand fabricated. He knows it,
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After having taken advantage of the Grey Wolves' activism, General Kenan Evren imprisoned hundreds of them. At the time they were some 1700 Grey Wolves organizations in Turkey, with about 200,000 registered members and a million sympathizers. In its indictment of the MHP in May 1981, the
Turkish
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wrote "A feeling of hope is evident among international bankers that Turkey's military coup may have opened the way to greater political stability as an essential prerequisite for the revitalization of the
Turkish economy". During 1980–1983, the foreign exchange rate was allowed to float freely.
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Tahsin Şahinkaya – then general in charge of the
Turkish Air Forces who is said to have travelled to the United States just before the coup, told the US army general was not informed of the upcoming coup and the general was surprised to have been uninformed of the coup after the government was
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by saying "It is impossible for me to have fabricated it, the
American support to the coup and the atmosphere in Washington was in the same direction. Henze narrated me these words despite he now denies it" and presented the footage of an interview with Henze recorded in 1997 according to which
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Cezaevinde yapılan (neler olduğunu ayrıntılı bir biçimde öğrenirsiniz sanırım) insanlık dışı zulüm altında inletildik. O kadar aşağılık, o kadar canice şeyler gördüm ki, bugünlerde yaşamak bir işkence haline geldi. İşte bu durumda ölüm korkulacak bir şey değil, şiddetle arzulanan bir olay, bir
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The fact that militias of all political tendencies seemed to be buying their arsenals from the same sources pointed to the possibility of a deliberate orchestration of the violence – of the sort P2 had attempted in Italy a few years earlier – to prepare the psychological climate for a military
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The referendum and the elections did not take place in a free and competitive setting. Many political leaders of pre-coup era (including Süleyman
Demirel, Bülent Ecevit, Alparslan Türkeş and Necmettin Erbakan) had been banned from politics, and all new parties needed to get the approval of the
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Unprecedented political violence erupted in Turkey in the late 1970s. The overall death toll of the 1970s is estimated at 5,000, with nearly ten assassinations per day. Most were members of left-wing and right-wing political organizations, then engaged in bitter fighting. The ultra-nationalist
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Within three years the generals passed some 800 laws in order to form a militarily disciplined society. The coup members were convinced of the unworkability of the existing constitution. They decided to adopt a new constitution that included mechanisms to prevent what they saw as impeding the
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Haydar Paşa, size vereceğim bu görevden sadece kuvvet komutanlarının haberi var. İç güvenliğimizin tehlikede olduğunu pek çok defa konuştuk. Silahlı Kuvvetlerin içine de sızmalar başladığını biliyorsunuz. Sizden bir çalışma grubu kurmanızı istiyorum. İki kurmayı görevlendirin. Araştırmanızı
1048:. But political instability followed as the host of banned politicians reentered politics, fracturing the vote, and the Motherland Party became increasingly corrupt. Özal, who succeeded Evren as President of Turkey, died of a heart attack in 1993, and Süleyman Demirel was elected president.
551:(Revolutionary Path) at Ankara Military Court, the defendants listed 5,388 political killings before the military coup. Among the victims were 1,296 right-wingers and 2,109 left-wingers. Other killings couldn't be definitely connected, but were most likely politically inspired. The 1977
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on whether a coup was in order or the government merely needed a stern warning. The report, which recommended preparing for a coup, was delivered in six months. Evren kept the report in his office safe. Evren says the only other person beside Saltık who was aware of the details was
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A second report, submitted in March 1980, recommended undertaking the coup without further delay, otherwise apprehensive lower-ranked officers might be tempted to "take the matter into their own hands". Evren made only minor amendments to Saltık's plan, titled "Operation Flag"
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One of the coup's most visible effects was on the economy. On the day of the coup, it was on the verge of collapse, with triple-digit inflation. There was large-scale unemployment and a chronic foreign trade deficit. The economic changes between 1980 and 1983 were credited to
2014:, p. 235: Colonel Talat Turhan accused the United States for having fuelled the brutality from which Turkey suffered in the 1970s by setting up the Special Warfare Department, the Counter-Guerrilla secret army and the MIT and training them according to FM 30–31
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had no winner. At first, Demirel continued the coalition with the
Nationalist Front. But in 1978, Ecevit once again took power with the help of some deputies who had moved from one party to another, until 1979, when Demirel once again became prime minister.
606:. It has been argued that this was a plot on Evren's part to encompass the political spectrum, as Saltık was close to the left, while Ersin took care of the right. Backlash from political organizations after the coup would therefore be prevented.
769:, were promoted to involve joint enterprises with foreign establishments. The 85% pre-coup level government involvement in the economy forced a reduction in the relative importance of the state sector. Just after the coup, Turkey revitalized the
609:
On 21 December, the War Academy generals convened to decide the course of action. The pretext for the coup was to put an end to the social conflicts of the 1970s, as well as the parliamentary instability. They resolved to issue the party leaders
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kurtuluş haline geldi. Böyle bir durumda insanın intihar ederek yaşamına son vermesi işten bile değildir. Ancak ben bu durumda irademi kullanarak ne pahasına olursa olsun yaşamımı sürdürdüm. Hem de ileride bir gün öldürüleceğimi bile bile.
2500:Şimdi ben, bunu yakaladıktan sonra mahkemeye vereceğim ve ondan sonra da idam etmeyeceğim, ömür boyu ona bakacağım. Bu vatan için kanını akıtan bu Mehmetçiklere silah çeken o haini ben senelerce besleyeceğim. Buna siz razı olur musunuz?
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militant groups, and the state. The violence saw a sharp downturn for a period after the coup, which was welcomed by some for restoring order by quickly executing 50 people and arresting 500,000, of which hundreds would die in prison.
733:. In 1979, Özal became an undersecretary in Demirel's minority government until the coup. As an undersecretary, he played a major role in developing economic reforms, known as the 24 January decisions, which paved the way for greater
267:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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Shortly after the 1980 military coup, the government, under the late Prime Minister Turgut Özal, introduced a law that strengthened the power of the police forces to counter the MİT, which was headed by a general at the
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Mehmet Ali Birand, bu sözlere ‘'Bu şekilde uydurmama imkan yok. 12 Eylül'e ABD'nin verdiği destek ve Washington'daki hava da aynı yöndeydi. Sonradan reddetmesine rağmen Henze bana bu sözleri söyledi'’ diye karşılık
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The MHP used the opportunity to infiltrate state security services, seriously aggravating the low-intensity war between the rival factions. Politicians seemed unable to stem the growing violence in the country.
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tradition of state secularism and in the unity of the nation, which had already justified the precedent coups, and presented themselves as opposed to communism, fascism, separatism and religious sectarianism.
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The leaders of the 1980 military coup d'état knew that the paramilitary force of the NAP would dilute their authority because the party was an alternative organization directly attached to the personality of
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Kasete göre, Başkan Carter’a Ankara’daki darbeyi haber veren Henze değil, başka bir diplomat. Ancak olayı Birand’a anlatan Henze, "Ankara’daki çocuklar başardı". şeklindeki mesajın Carter’a iletildiğini
2606:, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000, pg. 117. "The 1983 Turkish transition is almost a textbook example of the degree to which a departing military regime can dictate the conditions of its departure (...)."
692:. According to the Armed Forces broadcast, the coup was needed to save the Turkish Republic from political fragmentation, violence and the economic collapse that was created by political mismanagement.
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Başkan Carter’a 'Bizim çocuklar bu işi başardı' demedim. Bu tümüyle bir efsane, bir mit. Gazeteci Mehmet Ali Birand’ın uydurmuş olduğu bir şey. O da biliyor bunu. Bu konuda kendisiyle de konuştum zaten
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585:—one of the five generals who would lead the coup. (The deputy undersecretary of the MİT, Nihat Yıldız, was demoted to the London consulate and replaced by a lieutenant general as a result).
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The secretary general of the National Security Council was general Haydar Saltık. Both he and Evren were the strong men of the regime, while the government was headed by a retired admiral,
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The drastic expansion of the economy during this period was relative to the previous level. The GDP remained well below those of most Middle Eastern and European countries. The government
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stood out. Following the Maraş massacre, martial law was announced in 14 of (then) 67 provinces in December 1978. By the time of the coup, it had been extended to 20 provinces.
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National Security Council in order to participate in the elections. Only three parties, two of which were actually created by the junta, were permitted to contest.
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853:. The new constitution brought clear limits and definitions, such as on the rules of election of the president, which was stated as a factor for the coup d'état.
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Istanbul was served by three military mayors between 1980 and 1984. They renamed the leftist shantytowns changing names like "1 Mayıs Mahallesi" (Eng.: "
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On 7 November 1982 the new constitution was put to a referendum, which was accepted with 92% of the vote. On 9 November 1982 Kenan Evren was appointed
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the evenings under the declared state of emergency and leaving the country was prohibited. By the end of 1982 over 120,000 people had been imprisoned.
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1097:, Istanbul on 9 July 2015. Evren died at a military hospital in Ankara on 9 May 2015, aged 97. His sentence was on appeal at the time of his death.
1071:, an investigation was started regarding the coup, and in June 2011, the Specially Authorized Ankara Deputy Prosecutor's Office asked ex-prosecutor
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The report was prepared between 2 May 2012 and 28 November 2012 by the Parliamentary Investigation Commission for the Coups and the Memorandums: “
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program, for the 9 million people of the region. The closed economy, produced for only Turkey's need, was subsidized for a vigorous export drive.
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Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.
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After the approval by referendum of the new Constitution in June 1982, Kenan Evren organized general elections, held on 6 November 1983. This
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On 7 September 1980, Evren and the four service commanders decided that they would overthrow the civilian government. On 12 September, the
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to forward a copy of an indictment he had prepared for Kenan Evren. Kayasu had previously been fired for trying to indict Evren in 2003.
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There have been allegations of American involvement in the coup. Involvement was alleged to have been acknowledged by the CIA Ankara
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functioning of democracy. On 29 June 1981 the military junta appointed 160 people as members of an advisory assembly to draft a new
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has been criticized by the Turkish scholar Ergun Özbudun as a "textbook case" of a junta's dictating the terms of its departure.
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98,404 people were tried on charges of being members of a leftist, a rightist, a nationalist, a conservative, etc. organization.
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supported, and gave Turkish companies the ability to market products and services globally. One month after the coup, London's
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on the state radio address announcing that the parliament had been dismissed and that the country was under the control of the
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Ve 13 Eylül 1980'de Türkiye'yi on yıla yakın bir süredir kasıp kavuran terör ve adam öldürmeler bıçakla kesilir gibi kesildi.
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The coup was planned to take place on 11 July 1980, but was postponed after a motion to put Demirel's government to a
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400 journalists were sentenced to 3,315 years and 6 months imprisonment, and 31 journalists were actually imprisoned.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Turkish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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The junta made mandatory the lesson named "Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge", which in practice centers around
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Neighborhood") to "Mustafa Kemal Mahallesi" (Eng.: "Mustafa Kemal Neighborhood"), as a symbol of the military rule.
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system had made it difficult for any one party to achieve a parliamentary majority. The interests of the industrial
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responsible for the economy in Ulusu's government and continued to implement economic reforms. Özal supported the
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itself announced the coup during the night between 11 and 12 September: the military had phoned the US embassy in
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overthrown. Michael Butter argued that outside of some anecdotes, there was no proof of American involvement.
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The files of 259 people, which had been recommended for the death penalty, were sent to the National Assembly.
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50 of those given the death penalty were executed (26 political prisoners, 23 criminal offenders and 1
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magazine, in 1978 there were 3,319 fascist attacks, in which 831 were killed and 3,121 wounded.
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from small provincial capitals into mid-sized economic boomtowns, and renewed its orientation
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Devrimci Yol Savunması (Defense of the Revolutionary Path). Ankara, January 1989, p. 118-119.
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2580:(Ordinal) 376, Volume 1, Page 15, Paragraph 4 (continues on page 16, the first 5 lines)
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2969:
2789:
2482:
2457:
2380:
2118:
2031:
1992:
1937:
1598:
1399:
1224:
The coup has been criticised in many Turkish movies, TV series and songs since 1980.
1117:
499:
375:
282:
7058:
6729:
1620:
1562:
781:. It was transformed into a multi-sector social and economic development program, a
619:
560:
348:
6844:
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131:
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6364:
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2720:
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1861:
1077:
1034:
998:
833:
5026:
1865:
1789:
1030:
1023:, which combined a neoliberal economic program with conservative social values.
1009:
816:
One notable victim of the hangings was a communist militant alleged 17-year-old
440:
had been unable to elect a president during the six months preceding the coup.
6889:
6814:
6804:
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6659:
6399:
6188:
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3677:
3631:
3076:
2296:
1783:
1260:
789:
777:, which was a land reform project promoted as a solution to the underdeveloped
622:, which was done on 27 December. The leaders received the letter a week later.
603:
192:
109:
1479:
1306:
1280:
1016:
770:
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200:
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5724:
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5215:
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5158:
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4201:
3899:
3317:
3099:
2646:"Ankara prosecutors to examine Kayasu's indictment against coup leader Evren"
2328:
1904:
1757:
1109:
1106:
828:
who shed their blood for this homeland for years. Would you agree to that?!"
793:
765:
Foreign investment was encouraged. The national establishments, initiated by
734:
582:
204:
1293:
1094:
1037:
in 1983, and returned to active politics after the 1987 Turkish referendum.
906:
71,000 people were tried by articles 141, 142 and 163 of Turkish Penal Code.
6839:
6789:
6719:
6709:
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6551:
6538:
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1146:
soldiers coinciding with the American community JUSMAT that is in Ankara."
1131:
797:
757:
548:
2401:"Turkey still awaits to confront with generals of the coup in 12 Sep 1980"
1386:
1085:
In January 2012, a Turkish court accepted the indictments against General
825:
6884:
6489:
6459:
6314:
6304:
6203:
6066:
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1086:
915:
30,000 people were dismissed from their firms because they were suspects.
869:
801:
693:
665:
594:
433:
344:
188:
113:
2851:
2811:
2541:
2427:
1550:
Coup/Darbe - A Documentary History of the Turkish Military Interventions
1122:
56:
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6354:
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6278:
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6096:
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4682:
1849:
1777:
1773:
1753:
821:
717:
459:
was succeeded as prime minister by the leader of the social-democratic
289:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
5297:
2995:
NATO's Secret Armies. Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe
63:
s headline on 12 September 1980: "The army has seized the government."
6939:
6784:
6633:
6606:
6419:
6374:
6283:
6251:
6231:
6223:
5552:
5342:
2737:"Last living commander of the 1980 coup, Tahsin Şahinkaya dies at 90"
2695:
Fears of suicide prompt Evren family to remove coup leader's firearms
2603:
Contemporary Turkish Politics: Challenges to Democratic Consolidation
1816:
1810:
1804:
1795:
1732:
1041:
414:. Turkey partially returned to democracy in 1983 and fully in 1989.
1163:
840:
and the activities of hired fascist commandos all over the country.
676:
and banned all political parties and trade unions. They invoked the
49:
6518:
6359:
6256:
6131:
5950:
5854:
4994:
4852:
4306:
4075:
4015:
2676:
745:, and to this end he forced the resignation of the director of the
677:
367:
41:
5638:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
1040:
Yılmaz redoubled Turkey's economic profile, converting towns like
6464:
6349:
6339:
6288:
5829:
4574:
2618:"Turkey needs an intelligence coordination mechanism, says Güven"
2452:
1121:
too. I talked to him about it". Two days later Birand replied on
641:
was rejected on 2 July. At the Supreme Military Council meeting (
4265:
and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each
2164:"Turkey's DTP says 1980 coup waged "cultural genocide" on Kurds"
547:
In the central trial against the radical left-wing organization
264:
6532:
6334:
6273:
5208:
3357:
3312:
3139:
1142:
1029:
became the head of the Parliament. He was succeeded in 1991 by
685:
84:
2785:
Paul Henze: ‘Bizim çocuklar işi başardı’ sözünü Birand uydurdu
2504:
7017:
6973:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
6479:
6262:
4341:
3406:
2348:
2323:
1883:
1855:
930:
937 films were banned because they were found objectionable.
792:
while the economy experienced a significant decrease of the
6557:
6439:
4331:
4275:
975:
The cause of death of 43 people was announced as "suicide".
936:
3,854 teachers, 120 lecturers and 47 judges were dismissed.
1015:
Out of the 1983 elections came one-party governance under
649:) on 26 August, a second date was proposed: 12 September.
7012:
6992:
6987:
737:
in the Turkish economy. After the coup, he was appointed
2474:
566:
Ecevit was warned about the coming coup in June 1979 by
2183:
Gul, Murat. "Architecture and the Turkish City," p. 153
1033:. Meanwhile, Süleyman Demirel founded the center-right
478:
Demirel formed a coalition with the Nationalist Front (
2136:"Turkey's Kurdish Conflict and Retreat from Democracy"
1100:
954:
39 tonnes of newspapers and magazines were destroyed.
696:
was appointed head of the National Security Council (
2835:
Birand’dan Paul Henze’ye ‘sesli–görüntülü’ yalanlama
1894:
890:
7,000 people were recommended for the death penalty.
260:
3016:
2907:Kenan Evrenin anıları 2 (Memoirs of Kenan Evren 2)
2680:Turkish ex-president Kenan Evren faces coup charge
1964:"Political Instability in Turkey During the 1970s"
4043:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present)
2117:, London, November 1988, AI Index: EUR/44/65/88,
2030:(3E ed.). McGill-Queen's Press. p. 94.
960:144 people died in a suspicious manner in prison.
933:23,677 associations had their activities stopped.
836:involved in drug trade, which financed in return
7104:
6958:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
2319:"12 Eylül'ün darbeci solcusu: Ali Haydar Saltık"
2064:"Savcı, Ergenekon'u Kenan Evren'e sormalı asıl!"
972:"Natural death report" for 73 persons was given.
948:300 days in which newspapers were not published.
921:30,000 people went abroad as political refugees.
752:The strategic aim was to unite Turkey with the "
597:ordered a hand-written report from full general
5395:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
4802:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
4196:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
2615:
2093:"Turkey and its army: Erdogan and his generals"
340:'September 12 coup d'état'), headed by
3011:
2517:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2231:
2221:
2219:
1055:with intelligence capabilities to counter the
951:303 cases were opened for 13 major newspapers.
887:230,000 people were tried in 210,000 lawsuits.
285:accompanying your translation by providing an
251:Click for important translation instructions.
238:expand this article with text translated from
4291:
3506:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
3343:
3053:
3019:The Rise and Fall of the Bulgarian Connection
2150:"PKK's decades of violent struggle - CNN.com"
7034:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
4585:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
3067:
2567:International Council on Human Rights Policy
2423:"12 Eylül'de 1 milyon 683 bin kişi fişlendi"
918:14,000 people had their citizenship revoked.
406:. This period saw an intensification of the
5895:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
3359:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
2481:(in Turkish). Bilgi Yayınevi. p. 189.
2269:
2216:
1943:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
1192:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
963:14 people died in hunger strikes in prison.
6998:United States involvement in regime change
4553:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
4298:
4284:
3350:
3336:
3060:
3046:
3023:. New York: Sheridan Square Publications.
2921:"'ABD'ye söyleyin, yönetime el koyuyoruz'"
2510:
684:The nation learned of the coup at 4:30 AM
48:
2837:" Zaman gazetesi 14.06.2003 İbrahim Balta
2616:Sariibrahimoglu, Lale (7 December 2008).
2312:
2310:
2285:"Evren, darbe için iki rapor hazırlatmış"
1212:Learn how and when to remove this message
402:, before democracy was restored with the
4242:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
2890:Gil, Ata. "La Turquie à marche forcée".
2456:(in Turkish). sec. Yaşam. Archived from
2207:Gil, Ata. "La Turquie à marche forcée,"
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
1988:Turkey A Modern History, Revised Edition
1062:
618:) a memorandum by way of the president,
105:political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)
5124:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
3915:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
2848:Paul Henze ‘Bizim çocuklar yaptı’ demiş
2808:Paul Henze ‘Bizim çocuklar yaptı’ demiş
2411:from the original on 14 September 2008.
1984:
924:300 people died in a suspicious manner.
139:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)
122:All political parties and groups banned
14:
7105:
6968:Russian espionage in the United States
5240:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
2992:
2961:
2446:Türker, Yıldırım (12 September 2005).
2445:
2366:
2360:
2341:
2307:
2295:. Feza Gazetecilik A.Ş. Archived from
2230:, No.47 (May 1979), pg. 6. Quoted by (
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2023:
2011:
1961:
957:299 people lost their lives in prison.
912:388,000 people were denied a passport.
668:throughout the country, abolished the
6963:Soviet espionage in the United States
5119:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
4898:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
4563:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
4279:
3331:
3256:Sarıkız, Ayışığı, Yakamoz and Eldiven
3041:
2968:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 60.
2904:
2822:
2820:
2731:
2729:
2532:"Nationalism With and Without Turkes"
2529:
2282:
2170:
2061:
983:The Grand National Assembly of Turkey
927:171 people died by reason of torture.
7128:1980s coups d'état and coup attempts
7039:Soviet Union–United States relations
5390:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
2369:"6. Of Dope, Debt, and Dictatorship"
2342:Ekinci, Burhan (12 September 2008).
2317:Oğur, Yıldıray (17 September 2008).
2316:
2252:
2106:
2104:
2102:
1686:
1190:adding citations to reliable sources
1157:
800:policy, and several successive mini-
749:, İsmail Aydınoğlu, who opposed it.
410:of the state, including banning the
220:
7003:Soviet involvement in regime change
2475:Oran, Baskın; Evren, Kenan (1989).
2283:Doğan, İbrahim (1 September 2008).
2186:
1962:Gunter, Michael M. (January 1989).
1101:Allegations of the U.S. involvement
893:517 people were sentenced to death.
424:Political violence in Turkey, 1970s
24:
7044:Soviet Union–United States summits
4518:1947 Polish parliamentary election
4403:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
4152:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)
3577:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
2962:Butter, Michael (6 October 2020).
2817:
2763:
2726:
2373:Hot Money and the Politics of Debt
2255:"Çalınan silahlar falcıya soruldu"
2027:Hot Money and the Politics of Debt
1057:National Intelligence Organization
1051:The Özal government empowered the
966:16 people were shot while fleeing.
884:1,683,000 people were blacklisted.
672:and the government, suspended the
572:National Intelligence Organization
297:{{Translated|tr|12 Eylül Darbesi}}
25:
7164:
5805:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
5740:United States invasion of Grenada
5010:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
4951:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
3989:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt
2965:The Nature of Conspiracy Theories
2909:. Milliyet yayınları. p. 46.
2478:Kenan Evren'in yazılmamış anıları
2099:
2095:. The Economist. 2 February 2013.
881:650,000 people were under arrest.
438:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
353:history of the Republic of Turkey
5880:United States invasion of Panama
5730:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
5370:1971 Turkish military memorandum
5333:Communist insurgency in Thailand
5303:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
5235:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
5062:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
4990:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
4508:Restatement of Policy on Germany
4027:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)
3311:
2865:"Remembering an Atatürkist coup"
2344:"12 Eylül sermayenin darbesiydi"
1928:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
1923:1997 Turkish military memorandum
1918:1971 Turkish military memorandum
1897:
1776:: Büyü – (Composed in memory of
1764:(2008), 'Raptiye Rap Rap' (1992)
1162:
969:95 people were killed in combat.
225:
6600:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
5981:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
5910:Fall of the inner German border
5810:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
5460:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
5450:Spanish transition to democracy
5410:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
5037:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
4543:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
4424:Occupation of the Baltic states
4209:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
4178:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon
3932:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
2986:
2955:
2942:""Bizim çocuklar" haber vermiş"
2934:
2913:
2898:
2889:
2883:
2857:
2841:
2795:
2772:
2757:
2707:
2685:
2670:
2638:
2609:
2594:
2572:
2563:History of the Kurdish Uprising
2556:
2523:
2468:
2439:
2415:
2393:
2377:McGill-Queen's University Press
2335:
2246:
2237:
2156:
843:
739:Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
355:, the previous having been the
18:1980 coup d'état in Turkey
5380:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
5015:Mozambican War of Independence
4454:Indonesian National Revolution
2714:Why does Evren still think so?
2142:
2128:
2085:
2055:
2017:
2005:
1978:
1955:
1069:2010 constitutional referendum
942:300 journalists were attacked.
593:On 11 September 1979, General
398:ruled the country through the
372:political violence (1976–1980)
295:You may also add the template
13:
1:
7133:September 1980 events in Asia
6978:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
5993:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
5946:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
5668:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
5633:Seven Days to the River Rhine
5365:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
4652:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
4580:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
3979:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
3620:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
2253:Ünlü, Ferhat (17 July 2007).
1948:
1153:
945:3 journalists were shot dead.
775:Southeastern Anatolia Project
404:1983 Turkish general election
394:For the next three years the
118:1983 Turkish general election
5971:Fall of communism in Albania
5941:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
5890:Polish Round Table Agreement
5230:1968 Polish political crisis
5047:Eritrean War of Independence
4813:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
4708:East German uprising of 1953
4640:Chinese Communist Revolution
4305:
4183:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
4170:Turkish involvement in Syria
4054:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
3885:Political violence in Turkey
3819:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
3726:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence
3605:Italian bombing of Palestine
3567:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts
3516:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
3100:1730 Patrona Halil rebellion
2569:. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
2327:(in Turkish). Archived from
2261:(in Turkish). Archived from
2062:Ustel, Aziz (14 July 2008).
992:
987:Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi
863:
807:
762:International Banking Review
27:1980 military coup in Turkey
7:
5845:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
5573:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
5318:Corrective Movement (Syria)
5282:New People's Army rebellion
5277:Sino-Soviet border conflict
5005:Angolan War of Independence
4868:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
4748:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
4393:Jamaican political conflict
3435:Turkish War of Independence
3419:Unification of Saudi Arabia
2115:Turkey: Human Rights Denied
1991:. I.B.Tauris. p. 263.
1968:Journal of Conflict Studies
1890:
743:International Monetary Fund
498:, an Islamist party led by
430:proportional representation
10:
7169:
7148:Military history of Ankara
7138:Economic history of Turkey
6041:Sino-Indian border dispute
5870:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
5800:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
5558:1976 Argentine coup d'état
5470:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
5420:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
5104:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
5072:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
4761:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
4528:Asian Relations Conference
4100:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
4094:Houthi insurgency in Yemen
4083:Balochi insurgency in Iran
4059:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
3895:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
3890:Islamist uprising in Syria
3868:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
3757:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
3643:Kurdish separatism in Iran
3562:Goharshad Mosque rebellion
3278:Other incidents and trials
3262:Operation Cage Action Plan
3015:; Brodhead, Frank (1986).
2530:Ergil, Dogu (2 May 1997).
2518:Herman & Brodhead 1986
2503:(3 October 1984 speech at
2367:Naylor, R. Thomas (2004).
2232:Herman & Brodhead 1986
860:for the next seven years.
723:
707:
579:Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı
512:Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi
504:Nationalist Movement Party
421:
417:
342:Chief of the General Staff
259:Machine translation, like
7077:
7026:
6948:
6925:William Appleman Williams
6870:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
6652:
6624:
6573:
6505:
6498:
6432:
6297:
6222:
6152:
6145:
6054:
6001:
5933:
5646:
5385:Bangladesh Liberation War
5375:1971 Sudanese coup d'état
5290:
5262:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
5250:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
4913:
4688:Arab Cold War (1952–1979)
4665:
4375:
4313:
4258:
4221:
4126:
4067:
4007:
3940:
3858:Black September in Jordan
3850:
3749:
3693:
3590:
3534:
3488:
3365:
3307:
3277:
3243:
3171:
3138:
3075:
2024:Naylor, Robert T (2004).
1985:Zürcher, Erik J. (2004).
1227:
875:
654:National Security Council
461:Republican People's Party
400:National Security Council
240:the corresponding article
182:
158:National Security Council
150:
98:43rd government of Turkey
67:
47:
39:
34:
7143:Anti-communism in Turkey
7118:Military coups in Turkey
5700:1980 Turkish coup d'état
5535:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
5505:1978 Somali coup attempt
5465:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
5430:1973 Chilean coup d'état
5255:Revolutionary Government
5149:South African Border War
4941:1960 Turkish coup d'état
4858:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
4713:1953 Iranian coup d'état
4693:1952 Egyptian revolution
3960:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
3955:1980 Turkish coup d'état
3774:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
3706:1953 Iranian coup d'état
3701:1952 Egyptian revolution
3429:1919 Egyptian revolution
3412:Mount Lebanon starvation
3233:military asylum incident
3069:Military coups in Turkey
2993:Ganser, Daniele (2005).
1913:1960 Turkish coup d'état
1747:
1302:Hunting Time (Av Zamanı)
824:who took a gun to these
488:National Salvation Party
323:1980 Turkish coup d'état
35:1980 Turkish coup d'état
5905:Fall of the Berlin Wall
5850:People Power Revolution
5835:Central American crisis
5775:1986 Black Sea incident
5425:1973 Afghan coup d'état
5323:Western Sahara conflict
5134:1966 Syrian coup d'état
5057:1963 Syrian coup d'état
5000:Portuguese Colonial War
4963:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
4728:1954 Syrian coup d'état
4605:Annexation of Hyderabad
4548:1947–1949 Palestine war
4189:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
4037:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
4032:Yemeni Civil War (1994)
3842:1966 Syrian coup d'état
3769:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
3610:Allied invasion of Iraq
3557:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)
3480:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
3228:international reactions
2700:20 January 2012 at the
2585:23 January 2013 at the
1741:Öyle Bir Geçer Zaman Ki
1718:Bu Kalp Seni Unutur Mu?
1589:Home Coming (Eve Dönüş)
1375:Bütün Kapılar Kapalıydı
783:sustainable development
588:
469:Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi
361:1971 coup by memorandum
306:For more guidance, see
6199:Neoclassical economics
5710:Gulf of Sidra incident
5267:1969 Libyan revolution
4958:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
4743:1954 Geneva Conference
4503:Turkish straits crisis
4498:Corfu Channel incident
4134:2011 Bahraini uprising
4118:South Yemen insurgency
3999:Abu Nidal's executions
3984:1986 Damascus bombings
3763:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
3615:Syria–Lebanon campaign
3385:Middle Eastern theatre
3285:Nine Officers Incident
2997:. London: Frank Cass.
2299:on 12 September 2008.
1813:, 'Muhasebe'(12 Eylül)
1786:, 'Yine de Şahlanıyor'
702:Milli Güvenlik Konseyi
701:
662:Milli Güvenlik Konseyi
661:
646:
631:
578:
553:Taksim Square massacre
511:
495:
483:
468:
452:
330:
183:Commanders and leaders
7123:1980 crimes in Turkey
7049:Russia–NATO relations
6930:Jonathan Reed Winkler
6214:Democratic capitalism
6209:Supply-side economics
6177:American conservatism
5976:Breakup of Yugoslavia
5865:Bougainville conflict
5780:South Yemen civil war
5715:Martial law in Poland
5578:Nicaraguan Revolution
5553:Dirty War (Argentina)
5360:1971 JVP insurrection
5174:Years of Lead (Italy)
5052:North Yemen civil war
4970:Berlin Crisis of 1961
4946:Albanian–Soviet split
4878:1959 Tibetan uprising
4843:Syrian Crisis of 1957
4698:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
4558:1948 Arab–Israeli War
3974:South Yemen civil war
3873:Shatt al-Arab clashes
3798:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup
3787:North Yemen civil war
3736:1958 Iraqi revolution
3663:1948 Arab–Israeli War
3657:Arab–Israeli conflict
3526:Sheikh Said rebellion
3390:Battle of Robat Karim
3090:1622 janissary revolt
2905:Evren, Kenan (1990).
2892:Le Monde Diplomatique
2719:23 March 2012 at the
2356:on 13 September 2008.
2331:on 27 September 2008.
2210:Le Monde diplomatique
2111:Amnesty International
1680:Miracle in Cell No. 7
1395:Uçurtmayı Vurmasınlar
1236:Sen Türkülerini Söyle
1063:Trial of coup leaders
779:Southeastern Anatolia
557:Bahçelievler massacre
502:), and the far-right
496:Millî Selamet Partisi
443:In 1975 conservative
308:Knowledge:Translation
279:copyright attribution
6470:Non-Aligned Movement
6092:Peaceful coexistence
6046:North Borneo dispute
5961:German reunification
5956:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
5654:Salvadoran Civil War
5603:Grand Mosque seizure
5598:Yemenite War of 1979
5490:Mozambican Civil War
5445:Carnation Revolution
5400:Yemenite War of 1972
5338:1970 Polish protests
5169:1967 Hong Kong riots
5144:Argentine Revolution
5094:Guatemalan Civil War
5022:Cuban Missile Crisis
4936:Bay of Pigs Invasion
4808:1956 Poznań protests
4786:Geneva Summit (1955)
4388:Hukbalahap Rebellion
4367:Non-Aligned Movement
4113:Fatah–Hamas conflict
4049:Operation Desert Fox
4022:1991 Iraqi uprisings
4016:Gulf War (1990–1991)
3927:Grand Mosque seizure
3905:Yemenite War of 1979
3863:Yemenite War of 1972
3803:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup
3793:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup
3547:Ahmed Barzani revolt
3458:Turkish–Armenian War
2788:– by Ibrahim Balta.
2766:12 eylül: saat 04.00
2764:Birand, Mehmet Ali.
2630:on 8 December 2008.
2460:on 24 October 2005.
2435:. 12 September 2008.
1868:, 'İki Çocuk' (2006)
1852:, 'Son Bakış' (1989)
1186:improve this section
1114:12 Eylül: saat 04.00
690:Turkish Armed Forces
396:Turkish Armed Forces
177:Opposition of Turkey
172:Government of Turkey
164:Turkish Armed Forces
126:Political repression
6915:Alex von Tunzelmann
6905:Vladimir Tismăneanu
6830:Thomas J. McCormick
6825:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
6725:Robert Hugh Ferrell
6588:Crusade for Freedom
6385:Illiberal democracy
6269:Ho Chi Minh Thought
6072:Eisenhower Doctrine
5925:Peaceful Revolution
5920:Romanian Revolution
5900:Revolutions of 1989
5885:1988 Polish strikes
5795:Operation INFEKTION
5790:1987 Lieyu massacre
5695:Eritrean Civil Wars
5678:Peruvian Revolution
5628:1979 Herat uprising
5618:Sino-Vietnamese War
5583:Uganda–Tanzania War
5563:Egyptian–Libyan War
5530:Third Indochina War
5525:Sino-Albanian split
5515:Ethiopian Civil War
5415:Eritrean Civil Wars
5355:Ping-pong diplomacy
5328:Cambodian Civil War
5154:Korean DMZ Conflict
5139:Cultural Revolution
5109:Dominican Civil War
5087:Tlatelolco massacre
4873:1959 Mosul uprising
4863:1958 Lebanon crisis
4590:Al-Wathbah uprising
4513:First Indochina War
4483:Iran crisis of 1946
4261:This list includes
4229:2021 Beirut clashes
4089:2004 Qamishli riots
3966:Turkey–PKK conflict
3922:1979 Qatif Uprising
3741:1959 Mosul uprising
3731:1958 Lebanon crisis
3678:1973 Yom Kippur War
3649:Iran crisis of 1946
3637:Al-Wathbah uprising
3627:1943 Barzani revolt
3521:Great Syrian Revolt
3501:Iraqi Revolt (1920)
3424:Simko Shikak revolt
2871:. 11 September 2012
2869:Hürriyet Daily News
1581:Sırrı Süreyya Önder
1408:Bekle Dedim Gölgeye
1139:US State Department
1112:. In his 1986 book
408:Turkish nationalism
345:General Kenan Evren
7153:Cold War conflicts
7069:Russian Revolution
6865:Mary Elise Sarotte
6850:William B. Pickett
6775:Patrick J. Hearden
6755:Gabriel Gorodetsky
6750:Timothy Garton Ash
6735:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
6330:Ethnic nationalism
6082:Hallstein Doctrine
5966:Yemeni unification
5755:1985 Geneva Summit
5720:Casamance conflict
5623:New Jewel Movement
5608:Iranian Revolution
5593:Chadian–Libyan War
5540:Cambodian conflict
5520:Lebanese Civil War
5510:Western Sahara War
5485:June 1976 protests
5480:Cambodian genocide
5245:17 July Revolution
5199:Nigerian Civil War
5114:Rhodesian Bush War
5099:Colombian conflict
5042:Ramadan Revolution
4781:Bandung Conference
4657:Operation Valuable
4538:Partition of India
3910:Iranian Revolution
3879:Lebanese Civil War
3825:1948 Palestine war
3572:1935 Yazidi revolt
3463:Franco-Turkish War
3140:Republic of Turkey
2548:on 18 April 2013.
2537:Turkish Daily News
2407:. 9 October 2008.
2265:on 30 August 2008.
2166:. 21 October 2008.
1874:, 'Gurbet Türküsü'
1800:Yaşıyor Kenan Paşa
1695:Çemberimde Gül Oya
1487:Tomris Giritlioğlu
1315:Kara Sevdalı Bulut
647:Yüksek Askeri Şura
639:vote of confidence
287:interlanguage link
7113:Conflicts in 1980
7100:
7099:
7087:List of conflicts
6935:Rudolph Winnacker
6880:Giles Scott-Smith
6855:Ronald E. Powaski
6810:Melvyn P. Leffler
6740:John Lewis Gaddis
6715:Robert D. English
6680:Warren H. Carroll
6670:Michael Beschloss
6639:Nuclear arms race
6620:
6619:
6526:Neues Deutschland
6428:
6427:
6410:White nationalism
6380:Liberal democracy
6117:Ulbricht Doctrine
6107:Brezhnev Doctrine
5915:Velvet Revolution
5659:Soviet–Afghan War
5475:Angolan Civil War
5272:Goulash Communism
5129:ASEAN Declaration
5082:Mexican Dirty War
4980:Annexation of Goa
4931:1960 U-2 incident
4905:Sino-Soviet split
4883:Laotian Civil War
4723:Bricker Amendment
4703:Mau Mau rebellion
4647:Malayan Emergency
4635:Chinese Civil War
4595:Tito–Stalin split
4449:Division of Korea
4273:
4272:
3496:Franco-Syrian War
3453:Greco-Turkish War
3441:Anglo-Turkish War
3407:Assyrian genocide
3402:Armenian genocide
3373:Italo-Turkish War
3325:
3324:
3268:Sledgehammer plan
3030:978-0-940380-06-6
2975:978-1-5095-4083-9
2704:, 19 January 2012
2682:, 10 January 2012
2386:978-0-7735-2743-0
2123:978-0-86210-156-5
2037:978-0-7735-2743-0
1998:978-1-85043-399-6
1938:History of Turkey
1933:Diyarbakır Prison
1830:A.D. 12 September
1770:'Demirbaş' (1995)
1687:Television series
1555:Elif Savaş Felsen
1495:Gülün Bittiği Yer
1222:
1221:
1214:
1118:Mehmet Ali Birand
767:Atatürk's Reforms
527:elections of 1977
500:Necmettin Erbakan
339:
319:
318:
252:
248:
219:
218:
146:
145:
75:12 September 1980
16:(Redirected from
7160:
6845:David S. Painter
6770:John Earl Haynes
6700:Nicholas J. Cull
6685:Adrian Cioroianu
6665:Thomas A. Bailey
6612:Voice of America
6503:
6502:
6415:White separatism
6395:Social democracy
6390:Guided democracy
6370:Authoritarianism
6320:Ultranationalism
6310:Anti-imperialism
6237:Marxism–Leninism
6150:
6149:
6137:Kinmen Agreement
6102:Johnson Doctrine
6087:Kennedy Doctrine
6003:Frozen conflicts
5986:1991 August Coup
5875:Afghan Civil War
5770:Reykjavík Summit
5765:Somali Rebellion
5705:Ugandan Bush War
5683:Gdańsk Agreement
5204:Protests of 1968
5184:War of Attrition
4893:Cuban Revolution
4829:We will bury you
4796:Cyprus Emergency
4776:Kashmir Princess
4766:Jebel Akhdar War
4615:Western betrayal
4300:
4293:
4286:
4277:
4276:
4235:Israel–Hamas war
4162:Syrian civil war
4145:Sinai insurgency
4106:2006 Lebanon War
3781:Dhofar Rebellion
3716:Cyprus Emergency
3711:Jebel Akhdar War
3683:1982 Lebanon War
3673:1967 Six-Day War
3582:Dersim rebellion
3542:Ararat rebellion
3446:Al-Jazeera Front
3352:
3345:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3316:
3315:
3293:
3209:
3197:
3120:1909 countercoup
3062:
3055:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3022:
3013:Herman, Edward S
3008:
2980:
2979:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2894:. February 1981.
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2845:
2839:
2824:
2815:
2799:
2793:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2733:
2724:
2711:
2705:
2689:
2683:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2654:. Archived from
2642:
2636:
2635:
2626:. Archived from
2613:
2607:
2600:Özbudun, Ergun.
2598:
2592:
2576:
2570:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2544:. Archived from
2527:
2521:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2448:"Çocuğu astılar"
2443:
2437:
2436:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2405:Hurriyet English
2397:
2391:
2390:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2352:. Archived from
2339:
2333:
2332:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2280:
2267:
2266:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2223:
2214:
2213:, February 1981.
2205:
2184:
2181:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2108:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1959:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1792:, 'Darbe' (2006)
1726:
1703:
1659:
1617:
1602:
1538:
1523:
1503:
1483:
1463:
1448:
1436:
1416:
1383:
1368:
1356:
1328:
1264:
1244:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1166:
1158:
1091:Tahsin Şahinkaya
1081:
1027:Yıldırım Akbulut
1021:Motherland Party
612:Süleyman Demirel
516:Alparslan Türkeş
484:Milliyetçi Cephe
457:Süleyman Demirel
412:Kurdish language
370:era, Turkey saw
347:, was the third
334:
331:12 Eylül Darbesi
298:
292:
265:Google Translate
250:
246:
229:
228:
221:
210:Süleyman Demirel
197:Tahsin Şahinkaya
132:Kurdish language
69:
68:
62:
54:Daily newspaper
52:
32:
31:
21:
7168:
7167:
7163:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7073:
7064:Second Cold War
7022:
6950:
6944:
6920:Odd Arne Westad
6910:Patrick Vaughan
6895:Athan Theoharis
6875:Ellen Schrecker
6860:Yakov M. Rabkin
6835:Timothy Naftali
6780:Tvrtko Jakovina
6765:Jussi Hanhimäki
6648:
6626:
6616:
6594:Paix et Liberté
6569:
6513:Active measures
6494:
6424:
6405:White supremacy
6365:Totalitarianism
6293:
6218:
6141:
6127:Reagan Doctrine
6122:Carter Doctrine
6062:Truman Doctrine
6050:
5997:
5929:
5824:Soviet reaction
5735:Ndogboyosoi War
5642:
5613:Saur Revolution
5440:1973 oil crisis
5405:Munich massacre
5313:Alcora Exercise
5308:Black September
5286:
5032:Sino-Indian War
4926:Simba rebellion
4909:
4753:Capture of the
4661:
4600:Berlin Blockade
4533:May 1947 crises
4523:Truman Doctrine
4488:Greek Civil War
4477:Blacklist Forty
4444:Gouzenko Affair
4431:Cursed soldiers
4383:Morgenthau Plan
4371:
4309:
4304:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4254:
4217:
4139:Egyptian Crisis
4122:
4063:
4003:
3936:
3846:
3835:Second Intifada
3745:
3689:
3586:
3552:Simele massacre
3530:
3511:Adwan Rebellion
3484:
3361:
3356:
3326:
3321:
3310:
3303:
3287:
3273:
3239:
3203:
3191:
3167:
3163:1997 memorandum
3153:1971 memorandum
3134:
3115:1908 revolution
3105:1807–1808 coups
3071:
3066:
3031:
3005:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2903:
2899:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2846:
2842:
2825:
2818:
2814:, 14 June 2003.
2800:
2796:
2777:
2773:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2723:, 22 March 2012
2721:Wayback Machine
2712:
2708:
2702:Wayback Machine
2690:
2686:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2614:
2610:
2599:
2595:
2587:Wayback Machine
2577:
2573:
2565:a paper of the
2561:
2557:
2528:
2524:
2515:
2511:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2473:
2469:
2444:
2440:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2365:
2361:
2340:
2336:
2315:
2308:
2281:
2270:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2224:
2217:
2206:
2187:
2182:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2073:
2071:
2060:
2056:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1886:, 'Lan N'oldu?'
1878:Ezginin Günlüğü
1872:Özdemir Erdoğan
1807:, 'Seksenciler'
1750:
1720:
1710:Hatırla Sevgili
1697:
1689:
1653:
1634:Murat Saraçoğlu
1611:
1596:
1532:
1530:Eylül Fırtınası
1509:
1497:
1477:
1457:
1442:
1430:
1410:
1377:
1362:
1350:
1322:
1258:
1238:
1230:
1218:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1183:
1167:
1156:
1103:
1075:
1065:
1035:True Path Party
999:democratization
995:
878:
866:
846:
834:organized crime
810:
726:
710:
632:Bayrak Harekâtı
591:
559:, and the 1978
426:
420:
315:
314:
313:
296:
290:
253:
230:
226:
212:
203:
199:
195:
191:
174:
87:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7166:
7156:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6954:
6952:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6890:Timothy Snyder
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6820:Vojtech Mastny
6817:
6815:Geir Lundestad
6812:
6807:
6805:Walter Laqueur
6802:
6800:Walter LaFeber
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6730:André Fontaine
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6660:Gar Alperovitz
6656:
6654:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6630:
6628:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6597:
6590:
6585:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6560:
6555:
6548:
6541:
6536:
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6522:
6515:
6509:
6507:
6500:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6400:Third-Worldism
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6301:
6299:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6259:
6254:
6249:
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6239:
6234:
6228:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6189:Libertarianism
6186:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6169:
6167:Chicago school
6164:
6158:
6156:
6147:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6112:Nixon Doctrine
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6058:
6056:
6055:Foreign policy
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6007:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5989:
5988:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5840:Operation RYAN
5837:
5832:
5827:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5745:Able Archer 83
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5661:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5495:Oromo conflict
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5435:Yom Kippur War
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5218:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5067:Aden Emergency
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4985:Papua conflict
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4890:
4888:Kitchen Debate
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4848:Sputnik crisis
4845:
4840:
4832:
4825:
4820:
4818:Polish October
4815:
4810:
4805:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4718:Pact of Madrid
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4673:Bamboo Curtain
4669:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4413:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4322:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4280:
4271:
4270:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4249:Red Sea crisis
4245:
4238:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4148:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4079:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3994:Mecca massacre
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3957:
3952:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3830:First Intifada
3827:
3815:
3813:1964 Hama riot
3810:
3808:Aden Emergency
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3639:
3634:
3632:Al-Waziri coup
3629:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3295:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3210:
3198:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3077:Ottoman Empire
3073:
3072:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3009:
3003:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2954:
2933:
2912:
2897:
2882:
2856:
2840:
2816:
2794:
2771:
2756:
2725:
2706:
2684:
2669:
2658:on 9 June 2011
2637:
2608:
2593:
2571:
2555:
2522:
2509:
2487:
2467:
2438:
2431:(in Turkish).
2414:
2392:
2385:
2379:. p. 92.
2359:
2334:
2306:
2291:(in Turkish).
2268:
2245:
2236:
2215:
2185:
2169:
2155:
2141:
2127:
2098:
2084:
2054:
2036:
2016:
2004:
1997:
1977:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1859:
1858:'Eylül' (1996)
1853:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1793:
1787:
1784:Hasan Mutlucan
1781:
1771:
1768:Fikret Kızılok
1765:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1713:
1705:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1669:
1666:Kar Korsanları
1661:
1646:
1637:
1629:O... Çocukları
1624:
1604:
1584:
1571:
1563:Babam ve Oğlum
1558:
1553:(Documentary,
1545:
1525:
1490:
1470:
1450:
1440:Oğuzhan Tercan
1423:
1403:
1390:
1370:
1343:
1340:Zülfü Livaneli
1330:
1310:
1297:
1284:
1271:
1251:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1202:September 2019
1170:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1102:
1099:
1064:
1061:
994:
991:
977:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
877:
874:
865:
862:
845:
842:
809:
806:
754:global economy
725:
722:
709:
706:
620:Fahri Korutürk
604:Nurettin Ersin
590:
587:
561:Maraş massacre
514:, MHP) led by
453:Adalet Partisi
422:Main article:
419:
416:
317:
316:
312:
311:
304:
293:
271:
268:
257:
254:
235:
234:
233:
231:
224:
217:
216:
207:
193:Nurettin Ersin
185:
184:
180:
179:
168:
167:
166:
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
143:
142:
141:
137:Escalation of
135:
129:
123:
120:
110:Military junta
107:
101:
93:
89:
88:
83:
81:
77:
76:
73:
65:
64:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7165:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7076:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7054:War on terror
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7025:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6949:Espionage and
6947:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6900:Andrew Thorpe
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6795:Gabriel Kolko
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6760:Fred Halliday
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6745:Lloyd Gardner
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6705:Norman Davies
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6690:John Costello
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6651:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6625:Technological
6623:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6506:Pro-communist
6504:
6501:
6497:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6433:Organizations
6431:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6296:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6247:Eurocommunism
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6221:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6144:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6077:Domino theory
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6053:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6031:South Ossetia
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5994:
5991:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5815:8888 Uprising
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:Iran–Iraq War
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5725:Falklands War
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5588:NDF Rebellion
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5568:German Autumn
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
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5455:Metapolitefsi
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5216:Prague Spring
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5194:Al-Wadiah War
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5159:12-3 incident
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4738:Domino theory
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4733:Petrov Affair
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4570:Marshall Plan
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4202:Yemeni crisis
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3949:Iran–Iraq War
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3900:NDF Rebellion
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3473:United States
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3318:Turkey Portal
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3244:Alleged plans
3242:
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3172:Coup attempts
3170:
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3141:
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3004:0-7146-5607-0
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2745:. 9 July 2015
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2692:Today's Zaman
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2651:Today's Zaman
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2623:Today's Zaman
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2538:
2533:
2526:
2520:, p. 50)
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2068:Star Gazetesi
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2039:
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2013:
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1467:Handan İpekçi
1464:
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1455:Babam Askerde
1451:
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1171:This section
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1128:
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1119:
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1111:
1110:Paul B. Henze
1108:
1107:station chief
1098:
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1092:
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1079:
1074:
1070:
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1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1046:toward Europe
1043:
1038:
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1024:
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841:
839:
835:
829:
827:
823:
819:
814:
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803:
799:
795:
794:public sector
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:neoliberalism
732:
721:
719:
714:
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703:
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687:
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667:
663:
659:
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633:
629:
623:
621:
617:
616:Bülent Ecevit
613:
607:
605:
600:
599:Haydar Saltık
596:
586:
584:
583:Sedat Celasun
580:
576:
573:
569:
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531:
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473:Bülent Ecevit
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445:Justice Party
441:
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431:
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415:
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397:
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389:
385:
381:
377:
374:between the
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236:You can help
232:
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215:
214:Bülent Ecevit
211:
208:
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128:of dissidents
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6951:intelligence
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6790:Harvey Klehr
6720:Herbert Feis
6710:Willem Drees
6675:Archie Brown
6592:
6580:
6562:
6552:Trybuna Ludu
6550:
6543:
6539:Radio Moscow
6531:
6524:
6517:
6345:Anti-Zionism
6261:
6184:Keynesianism
6172:Conservatism
6036:Transnistria
6016:China-Taiwan
5699:
5673:Gera Demands
5546:
5347:
5222:
5027:El Porteñazo
4921:Congo Crisis
4836:
4771:Algerian War
4754:
4630:Western Bloc
4625:Eastern Bloc
4620:Iron Curtain
4476:
4468:
4460:
4437:
4417:
4409:
4326:Soviet Union
4324:
4317:
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3817:
3785:
3761:
3655:
3641:
3599:World War II
3597:
3433:
3377:
3309:
3298:E-memorandum
3213:2016 attempt
3201:1971 attempt
3189:1969 attempt
3184:1963 attempt
3179:1962 attempt
3157:
3095:Edirne Event
3018:
2994:
2987:Bibliography
2964:
2957:
2945:. Retrieved
2936:
2924:. Retrieved
2915:
2906:
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2891:
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2868:
2859:
2854:14 June 2013
2843:
2834:
2827:
2802:
2797:
2792:12 June 2003
2783:
2779:
2774:
2768:. p. 1.
2765:
2759:
2749:12 September
2747:. Retrieved
2740:
2709:
2687:
2672:
2662:12 September
2660:. Retrieved
2656:the original
2649:
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2631:
2628:the original
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2477:
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2458:the original
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2426:
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2329:the original
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2297:the original
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2144:
2130:
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2079:
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2070:(in Turkish)
2067:
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2041:. Retrieved
2026:
2019:
2007:
1987:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1866:Yavuz Bingöl
1821:Bir İt Vardı
1790:Mor ve Ötesi
1739:
1731:
1716:
1708:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1664:
1651:Bizim Hikaye
1649:
1642:September 12
1640:
1627:
1607:
1587:
1574:
1561:
1548:
1528:
1507:İsmail Güneş
1493:
1473:
1453:
1426:
1406:
1400:Tunç Başaran
1393:
1373:
1360:Melih Gülgen
1346:
1333:
1320:Muammer Özer
1313:
1300:
1287:
1274:
1254:
1234:
1223:
1208:
1199:
1184:Please help
1172:
1148:
1136:
1132:urban legend
1126:
1113:
1104:
1089:and General
1084:
1073:Sacit Kayasu
1066:
1053:police force
1050:
1039:
1031:Mesut Yılmaz
1025:
1014:
1010:Bülend Ulusu
1007:
1003:
996:
986:
979:
978:
867:
855:
851:constitution
847:
844:Constitution
830:
815:
811:
802:devaluations
798:deflationist
787:
761:
758:big business
751:
747:Central Bank
727:
715:
711:
683:
674:Constitution
651:
636:
624:
608:
592:
565:
549:Devrimci Yol
546:
539:
532:
524:
520:
477:
442:
427:
393:
365:
322:
320:
283:edit summary
274:
247:(April 2024)
245:
237:
170:
156:
151:Belligerents
55:
40:Part of the
29:
6885:Shen Zhihua
6695:Michael Cox
6627:competition
6574:Pro-Western
6564:Soviet Life
6490:Safari Club
6460:Warsaw Pact
6315:Nationalism
6305:Imperialism
6204:Reaganomics
6067:Containment
5860:Perestroika
5349:Realpolitik
5179:Six-Day War
5164:Greek junta
4975:Berlin Wall
4823:Suez Crisis
4791:Vietnam War
4678:McCarthyism
4493:Baruch Plan
4438:Unthinkable
4398:Dekemvriana
4337:Warsaw Pact
4263:World War I
3721:Suez Crisis
3668:Suez Crisis
3397:Arab Revolt
3379:World War I
3294:(1957–1958)
3288: [
3223:media purge
3204: [
3192: [
2742:Daily Sabah
2227:Searchlight
2012:Ganser 2005
1721: [
1698: [
1654: [
1612: [
1609:Zincirbozan
1597: [
1576:Beynelmilel
1568:Çağan Irmak
1542:Atıf Yılmaz
1533: [
1510: [
1498: [
1478: [
1458: [
1443: [
1431: [
1420:Atıf Yılmaz
1411: [
1378: [
1363: [
1351: [
1323: [
1307:Erden Kıral
1281:Sinan Çetin
1268:Zeki Alasya
1259: [
1256:Dikenli Yol
1248:Şerif Gören
1239: [
1116:journalist
1087:Kenan Evren
1076: [
1017:Turgut Özal
870:Sunni Islam
790:froze wages
771:Atatürk Dam
731:Turgut Özal
694:Kenan Evren
666:martial law
595:Kenan Evren
568:Nuri Gündeş
555:, the 1978
541:Searchlight
536:Grey Wolves
434:bourgeoisie
384:Grey Wolves
366:During the
349:coup d'état
201:Nejat Tümer
189:Kenan Evren
114:martial law
112:rule under
103:End to the
7107:Categories
6653:Historians
6644:Space Race
6545:Rudé právo
6499:Propaganda
6355:Neo-Nazism
6325:Chauvinism
6279:Trotskyism
6194:Monetarism
6162:Liberalism
6154:Capitalism
6146:Ideologies
6097:Ostpolitik
5820:Solidarity
5785:Toyota War
5688:Solidarity
5545:Operation
5500:Ogaden War
5189:Dhofar War
5077:Shifta War
4835:Operation
4683:Korean War
4475:Operation
4467:Operation
4459:Operation
4436:Operation
4416:Operation
4408:Operation
2074:21 October
1949:References
1850:Sezen Aksu
1778:Erdal Eren
1774:Grup Yorum
1754:Cem Karaca
1294:Zeki Ökten
1154:In culture
1095:Haydarpaşa
1067:After the
985:(Turkish:
900:militant).
826:Mehmetçiks
818:Erdal Eren
718:1st of May
670:Parliament
242:in Turkish
100:overthrown
6940:Ken Young
6785:Tony Judt
6634:Arms race
6607:Red Scare
6475:NN States
6420:Apartheid
6375:Autocracy
6284:Stalinism
6252:Guevarism
6242:Castroism
6232:Communism
6224:Socialism
5750:Star Wars
5343:Koza riot
4469:Beleaguer
4461:Masterdom
3158:1980 coup
3148:1960 coup
3130:1913 coup
3125:1912 coup
3110:1876 coup
3085:1512 coup
2875:29 August
2829:anlatıyor
1817:Ozan Arif
1811:Ozan Arif
1805:Ozan Arif
1796:Ozan Arif
1733:Seksenler
1621:Atıl İnaç
1594:Ömer Uğur
1387:Memduh Ün
1173:does not
1042:Gaziantep
993:Aftermath
864:Education
858:President
808:Tribunals
756:," which
455:) leader
380:far-right
357:1960 coup
301:talk page
7092:Timeline
7082:Category
7027:See also
6519:Izvestia
6360:Islamism
6257:Hoxhaism
6132:Rollback
6011:Abkhazia
5951:Gulf War
5855:Glasnost
5225:incident
4995:Sand War
4853:Ifni War
4362:Rio Pact
4307:Cold War
4076:Iraq War
2852:Hürriyet
2812:Hürriyet
2717:Archived
2698:Archived
2677:BBC News
2583:Archived
2542:Hürriyet
2428:Hürriyet
2409:Archived
2125:, pg. 1.
1891:See also
1880:, '1980'
1760:(2006),
1756:(1992),
1677:2019 –
1475:80. Adım
1123:CNN Türk
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773:and the
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388:Islamist
376:far-left
368:Cold War
359:and the
277:provide
80:Location
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42:Cold War
6582:Amerika
6465:Comecon
6350:Fascism
6340:Zionism
6289:Titoism
5830:Contras
5298:Détente
4575:Comecon
3468:Revolts
3270:(2010s)
2551:Turkes.
2453:Radikal
2289:Aksiyon
2043:10 June
1738:2010 –
1730:2012 –
1715:2009 –
1707:2007 –
1692:2004 –
1671:2015 –
1663:2015 –
1648:2015 –
1639:2010 –
1626:2008 –
1606:2007 –
1586:2006 –
1573:2006 –
1560:2005 –
1547:2000 –
1527:1999 –
1492:1998 –
1472:1995 –
1452:1994 –
1428:Uzlaşma
1425:1991 –
1405:1990 –
1392:1989 –
1372:1989 –
1345:1988 –
1332:1988 –
1312:1987 –
1299:1987 –
1286:1986 –
1276:Prenses
1273:1986 –
1253:1986 –
1233:1986 –
1194:removed
1179:sources
980:Source:
838:weapons
822:traitor
724:Economy
708:Effects
698:Turkish
658:Turkish
643:Turkish
628:Turkish
575:Turkish
570:of the
508:Turkish
492:Turkish
486:), the
480:Turkish
465:Turkish
449:Turkish
418:Prelude
386:), the
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338:
327:Turkish
299:to the
281:in the
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6533:Pravda
6335:Racism
6274:Maoism
6026:Kosovo
5547:Condor
5223:Pueblo
5209:May 68
4837:Gladio
4755:Tuapse
4418:Jungle
4410:Priboi
3300:(2007)
3264:(2009)
3258:(2004)
3218:purges
3027:
3001:
2972:
2947:20 May
2926:20 May
2804:verdi.
2494:5 July
2485:
2383:
2121:
2034:
1995:
1862:Teoman
1845:Listen
1833:Listen
1348:Kimlik
1228:Movies
1143:Ankara
1127:Manşet
876:Result
378:, the
134:banned
116:until
92:Result
85:Turkey
7018:Stasi
6485:SAARC
6480:ASEAN
6445:SEATO
6298:Other
6263:Juche
6021:Korea
5934:1990s
5647:1980s
5291:1970s
4914:1960s
4666:1950s
4376:1940s
4357:NEATO
4352:SEATO
4342:ANZUS
4222:2020s
4127:2010s
4068:2000s
4008:1990s
3941:1980s
3851:1970s
3750:1960s
3694:1950s
3591:1940s
3535:1930s
3489:1920s
3366:1910s
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2324:Taraf
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3251:1993
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2999:ISBN
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1993:ISBN
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1177:any
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