1245:
On
December 15, 1981, a car filled with approximately 100 kilograms of explosives was driven into Iraq's embassy building in Beirut by a suicide bomber. The ensuing explosion devastated the embassy, killed 61 people, including the Iraq ambassador, Abdul Razzak Lafta, and injured more than 100 others.
1218:, began to employ violence in its struggle against the Iraqi government. In 1979 and 1980, al-Dawa assassinated a number of "senior but low-profile" Baathist officials in Iraq. In response to a failed assassination attempt on Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister
1258:
The attack, which presaged the 1983 United States embassy bombing and the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, is considered by some to be the first modern suicide bombing, though others nominate earlier attacks.
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in April 1980 by al-Dawa, the Iraqi government launched a severe crackdown on the group, which included the execution of al-Dawa spiritual leader
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The attack is considered by some to be the second modern suicide bombing, preceded by the 1927
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and the group became an "effective proxy" for the
Iranian government against Iraq during the
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1345:
The
Endgame: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Iraq, from George W. Bush to Barack Obama
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218:
8:
1179:. The explosion leveled the embassy and killed 61 people, including Iraq's ambassador to
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Shi'a
Islamist group al-Dawa, with financial and military assistance from the
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20:
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1466:
Terrorist
Suicide Bombings: Attack Interdiction, Mitigation, and Response
1522:
1219:
1061:
1436:"Chapter 3: Suicide Terrorism: The Special Case of the Suicide Bomber"
1365:
Driven to Death: Psychological and Social
Aspects of Suicide Terrorism
507:
157:
1168:
1157:
1154:
124:
1440:
Future Trends and New
Approaches in Defeating the Terrorism Threat
1180:
1176:
1161:
150:
62:
1410:
Root Causes of
Suicide Terrorism: The Globalization of Martyrdom
540:
1172:
58:
1519:"'Ghosts of Beirut' gets Hezbollah's most wanted all wrong"
1230:
1463:
Dzikansky, Mordecai; Kleiman, Gil; Slater, Robert (2011).
1295:
The
Business of Martyrdom: A History of Suicide Bombing
1462:
710:
Iranian offensives to free
Iranian territory (1981–82)
1328:. Middle East Intelligence Bulletin. Archived from
1533:
1343:Gordon, Michael R.; Trainor, Bernard E. (2012).
1246:Balqis al-Rawi, the Iraqi wife of Syrian poet
1562:Attacks on buildings and structures in Beirut
1516:
1342:
556:
173:
1582:Foreign relations during the Iran–Iraq War
1287:
1285:
1283:
1262:
563:
549:
180:
166:
1622:Suicide car and truck bombings in Lebanon
1567:Attacks on diplomatic missions in Lebanon
1517:Abdul-Hussain, Hussain (26 August 2023).
1298:. Naval Institute Press. pp. 57–58.
1229:The remaining al-Dawa leadership fled to
1597:Islamic terrorist incidents in the 1980s
1456:
1433:
1406:
1469:. Florida, USA: CRC Press. p. 26.
1368:. Oxford University Press. p. 29.
1280:
1667:Attacks on diplomatic missions of Iraq
1627:Terrorist incidents in Lebanon in 1981
1534:
1361:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1267:Some sources attribute the bombing to
1206:Emboldened by the success of the 1979
187:
16:Shia Islamist terror attack in Lebanon
1326:"Dossier: Hezb al-Daawa al-Islamiyya"
1291:
1237:, which broke out in September 1980.
544:
161:
1496:. Taylor & Francis. p. 35.
1128:1981 Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut
855:Iranian offensives in Iraq (1985–87)
751:Iranian offensives in Iraq (1982–84)
513:Civil Administration of the Mountain
370:1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats
1662:Car and truck bombings in the 1980s
1557:20th-century mass murder in Lebanon
1510:
1489:
1312:
1183:, and injured at least 100 others.
13:
1483:
1192:1983 United States embassy bombing
14:
1678:
1362:Merari, Ariel (2 December 2010).
570:
446:January 1986 Lebanese Forces coup
1657:Beirut in the Lebanese Civil War
1407:Pedahzur, Ami (28 August 2006).
1390:"Syrian Poet Nizar Qabbani Dies"
1153:On December 15, 1981, the Iraqi
1542:1981 in international relations
1493:Politics of Terrorism: A Survey
1171:targeting the Iraqi embassy in
380:Assassination of Bachir Gemayel
111:December 15, 1981; 42 years ago
38:Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut
1427:
1400:
1382:
1355:
1336:
599:1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran
451:Assassination of Rashid Karami
375:Multinational Force in Lebanon
1:
1442:. IOS Press. pp. 31–32.
1274:
1201:
1196:1983 Beirut barracks bombings
1632:Building bombings in Lebanon
1592:Islamic terrorism in Lebanon
1572:December 1981 events in Asia
478:Assassination of René Moawad
7:
1324:Abedin, Mahan (June 2003).
523:South Lebanon security belt
302:1978 South Lebanon conflict
10:
1683:
1612:Suicide bombings in Beirut
1490:Tan, Andrew T. H. (2010).
1292:Lewis, Jeffrey W. (2012).
1240:
431:U.S. embassy annex bombing
386:Sabra and Shatila massacre
1652:1981 disasters in Lebanon
1438:. In Gürbuz, Uğur (ed.).
1413:. Routledge. p. 81.
1253:
604:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
580:
503:People's Republic of Tyre
491:Cantons and puppet states
290:St George's Church attack
199:
146:
138:
130:
115:
107:
68:
54:
42:
37:
1617:Suicide bombings in 1981
1434:Markovic, Vesna (2013).
1216:Islamic Republic of Iran
830:Kurdish rebellion (1983)
441:1985 Beirut car bombings
249:1976 Syrian intervention
1552:1981 murders in Lebanon
1263:Alternative attribution
1121:International incidents
424:Fourth phase: 1984–1990
276:Second phase: 1977–1982
25:Infobox civilian attack
18:
1647:Iran–Lebanon relations
1642:Iraq–Lebanon relations
1587:Islamic Shia terrorism
1577:1981 building bombings
1547:1980s crimes in Beirut
1224:Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr
616:Iraqi invasion of Iran
589:1975 Algiers Agreement
466:Dahr al-Wahsh massacre
353:Third phase: 1982–1984
255:Siege of Tel al-Zaatar
202:First phase: 1975–1977
30:considered for merging
1607:Mass murder in Beirut
1394:Associated Press News
949:Karbala 8 (7th Basra)
609:Iranian Embassy siege
518:State of Free Lebanon
347:Iraqi Embassy bombing
92:33.87528°N 35.48417°E
47:and spillover of the
1188:Bath School bombings
1071:June 5 1984 Skirmish
417:1984 Sohmor massacre
392:U.S. embassy bombing
342:1981 Israeli bombing
219:Battle of the Hotels
1602:Mass murder in 1981
1142:Iran Air Flight 655
1028:Tawakalna ala Allah
975:Final stages (1988)
412:February 6 Intifada
360:1982 Beirut bombing
230:Black Saturday
213:Black Thursday
88: /
1637:Islamic Dawa Party
1208:Iranian Revolution
1014:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 4
995:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 3
983:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 2
773:Muharram ol-Harram
594:Iranian Revolution
498:East Beirut canton
471:War of Elimination
236:Karantina massacre
191:Lebanese Civil War
97:33.87528; 35.48417
45:Lebanese Civil War
1503:978-0-203-83201-1
1476:978-1-4398-7131-7
1449:978-1-61499-272-1
1420:978-0-203-96491-0
1375:978-0-19-518102-9
1332:on July 15, 2003.
1305:978-1-61251-097-2
1190:and presaged the
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1149:
583:Pre-war incidents
538:
537:
461:War of Liberation
407:Battle of Tripoli
402:Mountain War
397:Barracks bombings
307:Battle of Kaukaba
297:Hundred Days' War
269:Aishiyeh massacre
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1396:. 30 April 1998.
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1008:Halabja massacre
744:2nd Khorramshahr
739:Beit-ol-Moqaddas
683:Stalemate (1981)
644:1st Khorramshahr
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565:
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551:
542:
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436:War of the Camps
388:
365:1982 Lebanon War
337:Battle of Zahleh
327:At Tiri incident
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225:ASALA insurgency
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780:Before the Dawn
766:Moslem Ibn Aqil
718:Samen-ol-A'emeh
712:
685:
625:Iraqi airstrike
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585:
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569:
539:
534:
493:
488:
485:
483:Battle of Sidon
456:War of Brothers
426:
419:
384:
355:
284:Chouf massacres
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262:Chekka massacre
260:
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243:Damour massacre
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1351:. p. 709.
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1269:Imad Mughniyeh
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1164:carried out a
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1114:Praying Mantis
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989:Anfal campaign
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528:Administration
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332:Safra massacre
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322:Battle of Qnat
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312:Ehden massacre
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1248:Nizar Qabbani
1238:
1236:
1235:Iran–Iraq War
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1107:Nimble Archer
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1100:Eager Glacier
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1049:
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1047:Eternal Light
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732:Fath-ol-Mobin
729:
727:
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725:Tariq-ol-Qods
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573:Iran–Iraq War
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49:Iran–Iraq War
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1349:Random House
1344:
1338:
1330:the original
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1205:
1185:
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1134:
1127:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1093:Prime Chance
1092:
1084:
1078:Earnest Will
1077:
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1059:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1001:
994:
982:
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904:
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870:
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854:
853:
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835:
822:
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793:
786:
779:
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749:
738:
731:
724:
717:
709:
708:
702:
690:
682:
681:
675:
663:
656:
650:Scorch Sword
649:
637:
630:
614:
613:
582:
490:
489:
423:
422:
352:
351:
346:
317:Qaa massacre
275:
274:
208:Bus massacre
201:
23:
1210:, the anti-
1169:car bombing
1040:Forty Stars
929:(6th Basra)
921:(5th Basra)
865:(4th Basra)
825:(3rd Basra)
817:(2nd Basra)
760:(1st Basra)
147:Perpetrator
117:Attack type
95: /
70:Coordinates
19:‹ The
1536:Categories
1523:Asia Times
1275:References
1271:instead.
1220:Tariq Aziz
1202:Background
1062:Tanker War
1033:2nd al-Faw
963:Karbala 10
876:1st al-Faw
83:35°29′03″E
80:33°52′31″N
1085:Bridgeton
956:Karbala 9
942:Karbala 7
935:Karbala 6
927:Karbala 5
919:Karbala 4
905:Karbala 3
898:Karbala 2
890:Karbala 1
664:Sultan 10
508:Fatahland
28:is being
1212:Baathist
1194:and the
1158:Islamist
1137:incident
1087:incident
892:(Mehran)
676:Morvarid
638:Kaman 99
125:car bomb
55:Location
43:Part of
32:. ›
21:template
1241:Bombing
1181:Lebanon
1177:Lebanon
1166:suicide
1162:al-Dawa
1021:Zafar 7
1002:Dawn 10
849:Marshes
823:Kheibar
758:Ramadan
631:Revenge
151:Al-Dawa
139:Injured
122:Suicide
63:Lebanon
1500:
1473:
1446:
1417:
1372:
1302:
1254:Impact
1173:Beirut
1160:group
1054:Mersad
969:Nasr 4
912:Fath 1
883:Dawn 9
871:Dawn 8
843:Dawn 7
836:Dawn 6
815:Dawn 5
808:Dawn 4
801:Dawn 3
794:Dawn 2
787:Dawn 1
670:Abadan
657:Dezful
618:(1980)
131:Deaths
59:Beirut
1155:Shi'a
1135:Stark
703:Opera
1498:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1231:Iran
1133:USS
863:Badr
691:Nasr
142:100+
108:Date
697:H-3
1538::
1521:.
1392:.
1347:.
1314:^
1282:^
1226:.
1198:.
1175:,
134:61
61:,
1525:.
1506:.
1479:.
1452:.
1423:.
1378:.
1308:.
1035:)
1031:(
878:)
874:(
746:)
742:(
564:e
557:t
550:v
181:e
174:t
167:v
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