1988 Atlantic hurricane season

2116:. The westward path of the storm shifted two degrees northward, possibly as a result of the formation of a new center. On September 30 the depression was upgraded when an Air Force reconnaissance plane discovered tropical storm-force winds. Westerly vertical wind shear prevented deep convection at the center of the storm. As Isaac approached the islands, northern parts of the Lesser Antilles were issued tropical storm warnings. Nevertheless, the storm lasted only a short time in the shearing environment. Isaac was downgraded to a depression on October 1 and completely dissipated shortly thereafter. The remnants of Isaac eventually regenerated in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin as 3500: 28: 6008: 1621: 1589:, while the storm moved rapidly northeastward at 15 to 20 mph (32 km/h). However, the depression degenerated a few hours later when it merged with the cold front that had caused its acceleration. Oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico reported winds gusts to 40 mph (64 km/h), and moderate to heavy rains drenched large portions of southeast Texas and Louisiana. The wave dampened over the next 24 hours and brought heavy rain to the rest of the southeast, including a maximum of 8.4 in (210 mm) in 1955:

was strengthened, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Helene. Helene began to turn to the northwest on September 21 due to a major trough in the eastern Atlantic. Later on September 21, Helene intensified into a hurricane. Favorable conditions allowed the storm to continue strengthening, and on September 22, Helene became a major hurricane. Late on the following day, Helene attained its peak intensity; maximum sustained winds were at 145 mph (233 km/h) and the minimum pressure of 938 mbar (27.7 inHg).

1613: 1690: 2308:

Air Force reconnaissance check of tropical weather on October 19 spotted the depression near Colombia's Guajira Peninsula. Hurricane Joan's small size allowed the depression to remain out-of-reach as it developed. However, the outflow of the hurricane sheared the depression and sapped its energy. The system gradually dissipated on October 21 while Joan was experiencing rapid strengthening just before its arrival on the coast of Nicaragua. The depression brought heavy rain to the

1788: 1436: 718: 1906: 2340: 2060: 1315: 1212: 829: 2152: 2160: 6253: 2259: 1983: 1528: 1131: 1042: 946: 592: 1698: 1444: 726: 1914: 1796: 2348: 1220: 2068: 1323: 837: 5655: 5578: 5544: 5246: 4434: 4364: 2267: 1991: 1536: 1139: 1050: 954: 600: 694:

infrastructure, and destroyed six bridges. Flooding from the depression damaged 1,000 houses and destroyed 200 homes in Camagüey Province alone. Throughout Cuba, the depression affected about 90,000 people, injuring dozens and killing a total of 37 people, including three who died from electrocution. In Florida, the depression produced light rain, including 3.18 in (81 mm) at

567:(ACE) rating of 103, which is classified as "near normal". ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots (39 mph; 63 km/h), which is tropical storm strength. 1843:

strengthen as it brushed the southern coast of Hispaniola. It passed directly over Jamaica as a Category 3 hurricane and brought torrential rains to the island's mountainous areas. When the center reemerged over water, Gilbert rapidly intensified again. On September 13 the central pressure dropped 72 millibars (2.1 inHg), the fastest deepening of an Atlantic hurricane on record until

4560: 1184:. After crossing the islands, the depression continued westward into the central Caribbean and encountered less-favorable conditions. Though poorly organized on August 21, the depression was expected to strengthen into a tropical storm over the western Caribbean's warmer waters. Nevertheless, it was downgraded to a tropical wave at 80° W near the island of 477:. A normal season as defined by NOAA has six to fourteen named storms of which four to eight reach hurricane strength and one to three become major hurricanes. The June 1988 forecast was that eleven storms would form and that seven would reach hurricane status. The forecast did not specify how many hurricanes would reach 2307:

A westward-moving tropical wave, that left the coast of Africa in early October, tracked closely behind Hurricane Joan through the southern Caribbean. In an unusual occurrence the disturbance developed into the 18th tropical depression about 500 mi (800 km) behind the powerful hurricane. An

2218:

on October 17 and quickly attained hurricane strength just 30 mi (48 km) from the coast. Hurricane Joan strengthened into a major hurricane on October 19 while drifting westward. The hurricane executed a tight cyclonic loop in which it weakened greatly but rapidly strengthened upon resuming

2434:

two months earlier. Keith, the last of four named tropical cyclones to hit the United States during the season, produced moderate rainfall, a rough storm surge, and gusty winds across central Florida. Overall damage was widespread but fairly minor, totaling about $ 7.3 million. Damage near

1767:

Early in its duration the system dropped moderate amounts of rainfall across the Yucatán Peninsula. Upon striking Louisiana, storm surge water levels rose moderately above normal just east of where the center moved ashore. Gusty winds caused power outages to more than 100,000 people. In Alabama

1179:

Tropical Depression Six developed from a tropical wave that moved off the northwest African coast on August 12. The system crossed the tropical Atlantic as a wave until it began organizing near 55° W on August 19. The next day this system was designated a tropical depression while it approached

1958:

After reaching peak intensity, Helene weakened as it tracked generally northward through the open Atlantic. By early on September 29, Helene briefly restrengthened into a Category 2 hurricane and reached a secondary peak of 105 mph (169 km/h). However, later that day, Helene weakened back

1954:

A tropical wave with deeply organized convection crossed the coast of Africa on September 15. The system was forced west due to a strong ridge in the eastern Atlantic. On September 19 at 18:00 UTC, the system was upgraded to Tropical Depression Fourteen. By 06:00 UTC on September 20, the depression

1858:

Gilbert weakened slightly before landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula, although it struck at Category 5 strength. As the eye moved over land, the storm rapidly lost strength, reemerging on September 15 in the Gulf of Mexico as a Category 2 hurricane. Hurricane Gilbert continued its northwest

1266:

Chris formed from a strong tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa on August 15. By August 21 convection in the northern part of the wave detached and organized into Tropical Depression Seven. The storm tracked westward along the southern periphery of a subtropical high pressure ridge

1098:

By August 24 the depression's forward speed had increased to 15 mph (24 km/h) as its movement turned west. Cool ocean temperatures weakened the system and diminished its prospects for restrengthening, and on August 26 Tropical Depression Five degenerated into a tropical wave. The remnants

1376:

Debby formed from the southern part of a tropical wave that became Tropical Storm Chris. In the mid-tropical Atlantic, the northern area of convection detached and became Tropical Depression Seven. The southern portion continued moving westward as a disorganized area of showers. The system did not

1669:

For three days a large trough of low pressure northwest of the system steered it north-northwest towards cooler waters. Moderate to heavy rain was reported along the west coast of Africa, but no damage was reported. The system eventually weakened and merged with the low pressure trough. This

2680:

This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration (within the basin), peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect

1744:

A cloud band accompanying a cold front exited the coast of Texas into the Gulf of Mexico on September 4. The band split into two over the central Gulf when the southern portion stalled and the northern portion developed into a frontal wave that tracked northeastward. Convection over the southern

1388:

Drifting west-northwest over the Gulf of Mexico, the depression organized and reached tropical storm-strength early on September 2. Later that day, based on observations from aircraft reconnaissance, Debby was upgraded to a hurricane. At peak intensity, the hurricane's center was just 30 mi

2213:

On October 10, the 17th tropical depression of the season organized from a disturbance in the ITCZ. For the next two days the system traveled northwest while it strengthened into Tropical Storm Joan. After passing through the southern Lesser Antilles, Joan traveled westward along the South

2234:

Hurricane Joan killed 148 people in Nicaragua and 68 others in affected nations. The hurricane damage in Nicaragua amounted to half of the $ 1.87 billion total. Joan also brought heavy rainfall and mudslides to countries along the extreme southern Caribbean. Its track along the

2031:

While Hurricane Helene was spinning in the central Atlantic, a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa in late September rapidly organized. On September 27 the storm became the fifteenth tropical depression of the season while it was about 265 mi (426 km) south-southeast of

254:

directly affecting land. The season officially began on June 1, 1988, and lasted until November 30, 1988, although activity began on May 30 when a tropical depression developed in the Caribbean. The June through November dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most

1842:

The 13th tropical depression formed just east of the Lesser Antilles on September 8. As it moved west-northwest, it became Tropical Storm Gilbert over the islands on September 9. The tropical storm turned west and rapidly intensified to a major hurricane on September 11. Gilbert continued to

1021:

Early predictions from hurricane forecasters said that the depression would strengthen into the season's third tropical storm. Because of unfavorable upper-level conditions and interaction with Bahama islands, the system lost its well defined center as it moved towards Florida's east coast.

271:

on November 24. The season produced 19 tropical depressions of which 12 attained tropical storm status. One tropical storm was operationally classified as a tropical depression but was reclassified in post-analysis. Five tropical cyclones reached hurricane status of which three became

1094:

islands for the next three days with little change in strength. Forecasters were concerned because the depression formed in the breeding ground where other powerful East Coast hurricanes have started. Though the storm was still very weak, they initially predicted it would strengthen.

1286:

on August 24 and dumped more than 14 in (360 mm) of rain on parts of the island. Three deaths in Puerto Rico were attributed to the weather. On August 28 the storm was upgraded to Tropical Storm Chris as it traveled northward just offshore of Florida. It made landfall near

693:

planes and multiple buildings. Flooding prompted officials to use rescue crews, helicopters, and amphibious vehicles to evacuate 65,000 residents in low-lying areas to higher grounds. The storm left many without power and communications, severely damaged the country's transportation

543:

moved off the coast of Africa, most of them quickly diminished in intensity as they crossed the tropical Atlantic Ocean. As a result, no tropical depressions formed in June or July. Decreased wind shear in August allowed tropical waves to develop into tropical cyclones. The official

1768:

one man died while trying to secure his boat. Rainfall from the hurricane caused severe river flooding in portions of the Florida Panhandle in an area already severely affected by heavy rainfall, and the flooding damaged or destroyed dozens of houses in Santa Rosa County.

1576:

A broad low-pressure area formed in the western Gulf of Mexico on September 2 and quickly developed through the next day. By September 3 convection was organized enough to declare the system a tropical depression about 160 mi (260 km) west-southwest of

2036:. The depression tracked westward at 15 to 20 mph (32 km/h) but weakened rapidly. The next day it was downgraded to a tropical wave while still in the far eastern Atlantic, and never reformed in the Atlantic. Aside from a brief threat to the 2402:

on November 21. An upper-level trough forced it to the northeast, where upper-level shear and cooler drier air weakened it to minimal storm strength in a pattern typical for November. Keith restrengthened over the southeastern Gulf of Mexico and struck near

2398:. It moved westward through the Caribbean and became organized enough to attain tropical storm status on November 20. Keith rapidly organized and peaked with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) before making landfall on the northeastern portion of the 1002:, the next day. The system spawned gusty winds and thunderstorms along the coasts of Florida and Georgia but caused little damage. The storm moved over south Georgia and the central Gulf Coast while dropping up to 7 in (180 mm) of rain on the 1666:. An after-the-fact review of satellite and ship reports indicated that the depression reached tropical storm-strength on September 7. However, because of its extreme eastern track, the storm's observational track did not include this information. 3591:

Although Alberto intensified from a tropical depression to a tropical storm at a higher latitude than any other Atlantic system, it is not the northernmost formation of a tropical cyclone in the Atlantic. That record is held by an

2123:

As a tropical cyclone, Isaac did not significantly affect land. However, the remnants dropped heavy rainfall across Trinidad and Tobago, causing flooding and mudslides that injured 20 people and left at least 30 homeless.

1661:

A well-organized disturbance moved off the African coast on September 6 and rapidly developed into Tropical Depression Eleven. The NHC began issuing advisories on September 8 while it was 350 mi (560 km) northeast of

1267:

over the mid-Atlantic. For the next seven days, surface and reconnaissance observations found little evidence that the storm was strengthening. As a result, it remained a tropical depression as it moved across portions of the

770:. The next day a low level circulation was detected by satellite, indicating that a tropical depression was forming. By August 6 the storm was designated the second tropical depression of the season. An approaching weak 327:

also successfully crossed over, becoming Tropical Depression Seventeen-E, making the 1988 season the first on record in which more than one tropical cyclone has crossed between the Atlantic and Pacific basins intact.

1496:, the depression accelerated northeastward at 50 mph (80 km/h). Late on September 3 it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Ernesto. The storm continued to strengthen as it lost tropical characteristics. A large 805:, most of which fell in a short amount of time. The rainfall caused localized flooding, which briefly closed some streets. The extratropical remnants of Alberto also produced light rain and some clouds along western 1752:. The storm turned northward on September 9 and accelerated toward the northern Gulf Coast under the influence of a mid- to upper-level trough. Florence became a hurricane just hours before landfall on the western 926:. Heavy downpours from system's remnants brought more than 12 in (300 mm) of rain to parts of eastern Texas. Overall damage from the storm was light, and only one known death was attributed to the storm. 1291:, bringing light rain and wind damage to the area. Weakening to a depression, Chris poured heavy rains on South Carolina, where it merged with a cold front and became extratropical. The low accelerated over the 2681:

death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1988 USD.

2235:

northern coast of South America was very rare; Joan was one of only a few Atlantic tropical cyclones to move in this way. Joan was also the first tropical cyclone to cross from the Atlantic basin since

922:. However, a front approached from the northwest and reversed the storm's course into southeastern Louisiana. The next morning Beryl had weakened to a tropical depression as it moved over the 665:

Rainfall from the depression and its precursor peaked at 40.35 in (1,025 mm), including a daily peak of 34.13 in (867 mm). The rainfall most affected the province of

5987: 2223:, Nicaragua, on October 22 as a Category 4 hurricane. Joan at the time was the southernmost Category 4 hurricane ever recorded, but this record has since been broken by 1886:, it was also the most recent storm to make landfall as a Category 5 hurricane in Mexico. The death toll from Gilbert was reported to be 318 people, mostly from Mexico. 1745:

portion increased and wrapped around the center of the cloud band. On September 7 the system formed a surface circulation, and tropical depression advisories began that day.

774:

pushed the depression northeastward and enhanced its upper-level outflow. On August 7 the system was designated Tropical Storm Alberto at 41.5°N, while located just south of

2112:(or ITCZ), and its convection gradually grew more organized. On September 29 it was identified as Tropical Depression Sixteen about 900 mi (1,400 km) southeast of 5697: 1959:

to a Category 1 hurricane while accelerating to the northeast. At 12:00 UTC on September 30, Helene transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while centered well south of

3676: 1867:, Mexico, on September 17 and brought heavy flooding to the city. Gilbert's remnants turned north and eventually merged with a developing frontal low pressure system over 4946: 4917: 4861: 3855: 5039: 5012: 4827: 4800: 4728: 4701: 4117: 646:

The first tropical depression of the season formed on May 30 in the northwest Caribbean Sea. The system encountered unfavorable conditions as it moved northward toward

5145: 5069: 505: 5601: 5502: 5475: 5175: 5116: 4674: 4647: 4615: 4519: 4457: 4276: 4217: 4188: 778:, becoming the northernmost system to intensify into a tropical storm on record. The storm accelerated northeastward at 29 mph (47 km/h) and struck western 5388: 5361: 5307: 5275: 1878:. The storm caused $ 2.98 billion in damage across the Caribbean and into Central America. Gilbert was the first hurricane to make landfall in Jamaica since 1492:. Though the surface low remained poorly defined and separate from the convection, the system became a tropical depression on September 3. Under the influence of 899:(NHC) to issue an initial advisory on Tropical Depression Three. By August 8 surface winds increased enough to issue tropical storm warnings for Louisiana to the 498: 508: 503: 504: 1963:. The precursor tropical wave produced thunderstorms and gusty winds ranging between 23 and 34 mph (37 and 55 km/h) in Cape Verde on September 17. 1014:

to the north and east of the center reached up to 50 mph (80 km/h). The system finally dissipated as it reemerged over water near the mouth of the

5980: 4148: 3915: 501: 4015: 6424: 6419: 3533: 3529: 1859:

track and restrengthened to a minimal Category 4 hurricane. On September 16, Gilbert made its final landfall in northeast Mexico near the town of

499: 6378: 1338: 320: 1748:

The depression drifted eastward under the influence of the dissipating frontal trough and intensified into Tropical Storm Florence, as confirmed by

4056: 502: 5973: 5945: 5917: 3815: 1295:

through Nova Scotia and finally dissipated on August 30. Heavy thunderstorms spawned a tornado in South Carolina that resulted in another death.

1090:

A tropical wave in the far eastern Atlantic developed into the fifth tropical depression on August 20. The storm drifted north-northwest of the

490: 189: 506: 5848:(NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-6). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. p. 47. 5843:

The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (And Other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts)

903:. Over the open Gulf, Beryl produced sustained winds of minimal tropical storm force and tropical storm force gusts over coastal Louisiana, 6407: 6402: 3543: 3539: 263:. The first cyclone to attain tropical storm status was Alberto on August 8, nearly a month later than usual. The final storm of the year, 4888: 918:

Maintaining a well-structured outflow, Beryl's circulation on August 9 moved over warm water, where conditions were favorable for further

4770: 4585: 4322: 4247: 4083: 3885: 1400:

mountains, although the remnants continued moving across Mexico. The tight center tracked towards the Pacific coast and reemerged near

5771: 5668: 2453:

The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the north Atlantic in 1988. This is the same list used for the

520:

formed. Twelve depressions attained tropical storm status, and five of these attained hurricane status, of which three reached

6436: 6431: 3593: 3553: 3549: 2643: 2175: 6519: 6256: 654:

sent to investigate it could not find a well-defined center. The depression remained weak and degenerated on June 2 into an open

512:

The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, but activity in 1988 began two days earlier with the formation of

500: 4972: 3680: 1874:

Hurricane Gilbert was the most intense hurricane ever observed in the Atlantic basin until Hurricane Wilma broke this record in

6413: 3523: 1409: 1385:

on August 31. It is estimated that the storm became Tropical Depression Eight just offshore at around 12 p.m. local time.

204: 4939: 4910: 4854: 3848: 6371: 5035: 5008: 4823: 4796: 4724: 4697: 4110: 556:

forecasts were the most accurate in more than 18 years and were also more accurate than in each subsequent season until

319:

as a Category 4 hurricane and caused about US$ 1.87 billion in damage and more than 200 deaths. The hurricane

5415: 5138: 5065: 2660:

from the rotating Atlantic hurricane name lists after the 1988 season on account of their severity. They were replaced with

5727: 5597: 5498: 5471: 5168: 5109: 4670: 4643: 4611: 4515: 4450: 4269: 4210: 4181: 3650: 1760:

and lost all its deep convection as it passed over the New Orleans area. Florence became a depression on September 10 near

5384: 5357: 5303: 5271: 1851:. Gilbert's pressure of 888 millibars (26.2 inHg) at the time was the lowest sea level pressure ever recorded in the 6490: 3563: 2117: 5201: 766:

The season's first named storm originated on August 4 within a weak trough of low pressure that formed off the coast of

6524: 5849: 4388: 3627: 545: 1670:

unnamed storm was later added to the list of tropical storms in the annual summary for the Atlantic hurricane season.

2649: 2439:, while damage further inland was limited to flooding and downed trees and power lines. No fatalities were reported. 5330: 3705: 6364: 1192:

once it reached the eastern Pacific. The system's main effect on land was squally weather on the Windward Islands.

6495: 3984: 3953: 3558: 3157: 3091: 2996: 2868: 2832: 1292: 1108: 292: 5781:

Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 1994. p. 3-7

5707:

Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 1982. p. 3-7

5678:

Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 1988. p. 3-7

2108:

A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 23. It traveled westward at a low latitude along the

1393:, six hours later. The storm brought high winds, inland flooding, and mudslides and caused 10 deaths. 6344: 6337: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6286: 6022: 4750:

Sandra Walewski (September 3, 1988). "Tropical Depression Forms In Gulf; Tropical Storm Develops In Atlantic".

2785: 2669: 2454: 2109: 1875: 1844: 641: 557: 513: 441: 437: 432: 419: 415: 410: 405: 281: 234: 230: 222: 218: 5905: 5826: 5801: 3911: 3774: 3749: 2415:

and became an intense extratropical system over the Atlantic with sustained winds of minimal hurricane force.

528:

during the season and caused 550 deaths and $ 4.86 billion in damage. The last storm of the season,

6458: 3513: 1500:

over the North Atlantic absorbed Ernesto on September 5. The only land area affected by the storm was in the

194: 5840: 4144: 2228: 1484:

On September 2 a cluster of thunderstorms associated with a northwestward-moving tropical wave developed a

911:. Excessive rain fell along the central Gulf Coast, including local amounts of 16 in (410 mm) at 469:

Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane experts such as

5965: 6474: 6238: 6202: 6094: 6046: 5950: 4052: 3518: 3404: 3205: 2971: 2851: 2543: 2505: 2500: 2389: 2227:. Joan remained well organized as it crossed Nicaragua and emerged in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin as 1261: 878: 529: 264: 199: 674: 4414: 3433: 1003: 994:

On August 12 a westward-moving tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Four near the southern

564: 5878: 3822: 1188:

on August 23. The disturbance moved over Central America with minimal convection but redeveloped into

678: 6387: 6273: 6214: 6154: 4545: 3314: 3136: 2723: 2538: 2518: 2312:. News reports blamed Tropical Depression Eighteen and other tropical systems for bringing swarms of 2208: 1739: 896: 802: 474: 381: 247: 214: 4541: 4377:

Frank T. Csongos (August 14, 1988). "August 14, 1988, Sunday, AM cycle". United Press International.

532:, dissipated on November 24, only 6 days before the official end of the season on November 30. 5623:

The Globe and Mail (Canada) (November 22, 1988). "Tropical storm Keith hits Yucatan, western Cuba".

3505: 3209: 2688: 1879: 1104: 1007: 775: 277: 150: 5728:"No Atlantic Hurricane Name Has Been Used Longer than Florence, But It Likely Won't Be Used Again" 5841:

Blake, Eric S; Landsea, Christopher W; Gibney, Ethan J; National Hurricane Center (August 2011).

4344: 3437: 2740: 2448: 1753: 1189: 912: 521: 273: 6106: 5524: 4884: 3015: 2510: 2236: 1578: 1505: 1371: 787: 695: 324: 6007: 4766: 1883: 1586: 1497: 1485: 1397: 999: 919: 806: 798: 791: 268: 27: 5635: 5558: 5227: 4581: 4318: 4243: 4079: 3881: 5893: 5813: 5259:

World Loss Report (October 21, 1988). Occurrence and reports: Natural Catastrophe (Report).

3761: 3385: 2771: 2309: 670: 655: 308: 173: 3425: 2399: 1378: 682: 8: 3299: 1863:

with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph (201 km/h). The center passed south of

1590: 666: 5897: 5817: 4170:

Toronto Star (August 8, 1988). "Tropical storm Alberto fizzles out before hitting N.S.".

3765: 2394:

The last storm of the season formed from a tropical wave on November 17 to the south of

6267: 5955: 1852: 1620: 1582: 1413: 1401: 1389:(48 km) from the coast. With little change in intensity, Debby made landfall near 5654: 5577: 5543: 5245: 4979: 4433: 4363: 998:. The depression tracked north-northwest along Florida's coast and made landfall near 535:

The activity in the first two months of the season was limited because of strong

6166: 5909: 3201: 3172: 3153: 3032: 2523: 2431: 2404: 2219:

its westward track. Joan reached its peak intensity just before making landfall near

2215: 1837: 1749: 1405: 1288: 1015: 900: 892: 651: 288: 71: 5749: 1107:

continued to track the system as a gale center until it merged with a front off the

5901: 5821: 5440:

Pierre Yves-Glass (October 20, 1988). "Locust Invasion Threatens Caribbean Crops".

4303:"August 13, 1988, Saturday, BC cycle". United Press International. August 13, 1988. 3769: 3429: 3331: 3193: 2992: 2956: 2802: 1390: 1272: 1181: 517: 256: 251: 5411: 3421: 3355: 3197: 3189: 3000: 2988: 2836: 2436: 1848: 1382: 1268: 659: 470: 106: 5960: 3213: 2224: 1100: 771: 767: 312: 296: 260: 3987:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos. 2003. Archived from 1612: 883:

The third tropical depression of the season formed on August 7 from a surface

6513: 5913: 4564: 2408: 2379: 2313: 2298: 2198: 2099: 2022: 1945: 1827: 1729: 1652: 1567: 1475: 1361: 1251: 1170: 1081: 985: 868: 783: 757: 631: 540: 102: 6356: 5842: 3623: 3582:

All damage figures are in 1988 United States dollars, unless otherwise noted

2132:

killed two people. Across the country, the storm damaged roads and bridges.

1689: 5995: 3985:"Características generales de los factores del régimen hidrológico de Cuba" 1787: 1435: 884: 717: 690: 5334: 3951: 2683: 2040:

islands, the system remained far from any landmasses throughout its life.

1905: 2339: 2125: 2059: 1761: 1314: 1283: 1211: 923: 904: 891:. The slow moving system organized as it drifted toward the mouth of the 828: 779: 2159: 2151: 686: 3121: 2759: 2375: 2294: 2258: 2220: 2194: 2095: 2037: 2033: 2018: 1982: 1941: 1823: 1725: 1663: 1648: 1563: 1527: 1493: 1471: 1357: 1247: 1166: 1130: 1091: 1077: 1041: 981: 945: 864: 753: 627: 591: 536: 98: 3988: 3957: 3343: 1697: 311:) and more than 300 deaths, mostly in Mexico. The second one was 3351: 1864: 1757: 1443: 888: 725: 316: 4055:. United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs. June 10, 1988. 3813: 3596:

in 1952 that formed at 42.0°N, and was not operationally recognized.

1913: 1795: 1099:

redeveloped on August 30 about 180 miles (290 km) southeast of

797:

The storm produced peak wind gusts of 48 mph (77 km/h) at

5956:

Information concerning U.S. rainfall from tropical cyclones in 1988

3389: 3347: 2419: 2418:

Early in its duration Keith produced moderate to heavy rainfall in

2347: 2317: 2113: 2067: 1868: 1860: 1322: 1219: 836: 525: 295:

on record. The hurricane tracked through the Caribbean Sea and the

287:

There were two notable cyclones of the season, the first one being

4563:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

3914:. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 3441: 3339: 2898: 2412: 2266: 2129: 1990: 1960: 1535: 1489: 1276: 1185: 1138: 1049: 1011: 995: 953: 908: 599: 304: 1581:. Forecasters issued tropical storm warnings for the coast from 5876: 5799: 3954:"Lluvias intensas observadas y grandes inundaciones reportadas" 3747: 2427: 1501: 300: 497: 307:. Its passage caused $ 2.98 billion in damage (1988 4041:"Cuba – Flood". The Russian Information Agency. June 8, 1988. 3912:"Background information: the North Atlantic Hurricane Season" 3706:"North Atlantic Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics" 3335: 2698: 2695: 2395: 2231:. Miriam gradually weakened until dissipating on November 2. 4053:"Cuba – Heavy Rains Jun 1988 UNDRO Information Report No. 1" 3677:"Tropical Meteorology Project Forecast Verifications Errors" 2710: 2707: 782:

that evening with little impact. On August 8 Alberto became

5778: 5704: 5675: 5622: 3882:"Atlantic basin: Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT" 3879: 2704: 2423: 2214:

American coast as a minimal tropical storm. It crossed the

647: 552:

lower than the average for the previous 10 years. The

524:. Four hurricanes and three tropical storms made 516:

on May 30. It was an above average season in which 19

2701: 2489:

had been previously used under the old naming convention.

75:(Most intense hurricane in the Atlantic basin at the time) 5906:

10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2248:AHSO>2.0.CO;2

5827:

10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2260:ATSO>2.0.CO;2

5595: 5496: 5469: 5382: 5355: 5328: 5301: 5269: 5033: 5006: 4970: 4821: 4794: 4722: 4695: 4668: 4641: 4609: 4513: 3909: 3846: 3775:

10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2260:ATSO>2.0.CO;2

3621: 6272: 5525:"Late-Season Storm Forms; Cuba, Florida Likely Targets" 5139:"Tropical Depression Twenty-E Discussion for 0300 UTC" 2713: 2407:, on November 23. After crossing the state, it became 5877:

Lawrence, Miles B; Gross, James M (October 1, 1989).

5800:

Avila, Lixion A; Clark, Gilbert B (October 1, 1989).

2735: 895:. It soon had enough convective organization for the 3495: 1377:

develop until the low-level center emerged from the

5750:"Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names" 4145:"Canadian Tropical Cyclone Season Summary for 1988" 3952:Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos (2003). 3884:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 3708:. Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University 3286: 3258: 3230: 2430:, still recovering from the devastating effects of 539:from an upper tropospheric flow. Although vigorous 338:

Predictions of tropical activity in the 1988 season

5559:"Storm Keith Hovers In Gulf, Could Strike Florida" 4542:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" 3748:Lixion A. Avila; Gilbert B. Clark (October 1988). 3653:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections 3408: 3176: 3140: 3108: 3050: 1764:and dissipated the next day over northeast Texas. 280:. It was later surpassed 34 years later until the 6226: 5531:. Associated Press. November 21, 1988. p. 5A 5439: 5258: 5166: 3372: 3318: 2776: 2767: 2753: 2746: 790:. Shortly thereafter it dissipated just north of 6511: 6190: 4376: 4351:. Associated Press. August 13, 1988. p. A–3 3019: 2975: 2943: 2915: 2885: 335: 5633: 5459:. United Press International. October 21, 1988. 5199: 5144:. National Hurricane Center. October 11, 1988. 4849: 4847: 4845: 4749: 4421:. Associated Press. August 23, 1988. p. 3A 4319:"Rainfall Summary for Tropical Depression Four" 3651:"As Julia fades, floods plague Central America" 2855: 2819: 2435:the coast occurred mainly from storm surge and 2242: 1756:. The storm rapidly weakened over southeastern 801:. Rainfall reached 1.78 inches (45 mm) in 323:and was reclassified as Tropical Storm Miriam. 5115:. National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 1. 5063: 5002: 5000: 4945:. National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 3. 4916:. National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 2. 4860:. National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 1. 4790: 4788: 4767:"Rainfall Summary for Tropical Depression Ten" 4498:. United Press International. August 23, 1988. 4483:. United Press International. August 21, 1988. 4456:. National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 1. 4275:. National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 3. 4216:. National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 2. 4187:. National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 1. 4116:. National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 1. 4105: 4103: 4101: 4080:"Rainfall Summary for Tropical Depression One" 1966: 491:Timeline of the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season 190:Timeline of the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season 6386: 6372: 6070: 6058: 5981: 5059: 5057: 4445: 4443: 4415:"Third Depression Forms In Tropical Atlantic" 3905: 3903: 3880:Hurricane Research Division (February 2014). 3814:Miles B. Lawrence and James M. Gross (1989). 2789: 1504:, where it brought near storm-force winds to 685:were also impacted. A tornado in the city of 6130: 6082: 5951:Detailed information on all storms from 1988 5591: 5589: 5587: 5556: 5225: 5104: 5102: 4932: 4903: 4876: 4842: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4605: 4603: 4575: 4573: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4237: 4235: 4169: 3849:"Average NHC Atlantic Track Forecast Errors" 563:The season's activity was reflected with an 250:that proved costly and deadly, with 15 6142: 6118: 6034: 5872: 5870: 5834: 5752:. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 5435: 5433: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5131: 5027: 4997: 4966: 4964: 4824:"Unnamed Tropical Storm Preliminary Report" 4815: 4797:"Unnamed Tropical Storm Preliminary Report" 4785: 4725:"Tropical Storm Ernesto Preliminary Report" 4716: 4698:"Tropical Storm Ernesto Preliminary Report" 4689: 4582:"Rainfall Summary for Tropical Storm Chris" 4244:"Rainfall Summary for Tropical Storm Beryl" 4111:"Tropical Storm Alberto Preliminary Report" 4098: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3821:. National Hurricane Center. Archived from 3670: 3668: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3078: 1025: 929: 6379: 6365: 6225: 6220: 5988: 5974: 5054: 4973:"Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Wilma" 4882: 4764: 4579: 4440: 4316: 4312: 4310: 4241: 4077: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3910:Climate Prediction Center (May 22, 2014). 3900: 3743: 1511: 1114: 575: 6189: 6184: 5825: 5636:"Damage from Keith won't qualify for aid" 5598:"Tropical Storm Keith Preliminary Report" 5584: 5499:"Tropical Storm Keith Preliminary Report" 5490: 5472:"Tropical Storm Keith Preliminary Report" 5463: 5448: 5331:"Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ivan" 5169:"Tropical Storm Isaac Preliminary Report" 5110:"Tropical Storm Isaac Preliminary Report" 5099: 4887:. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. 4885:"Rainfall Summary for Hurricane Florence" 4769:. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. 4662: 4630: 4612:"Tropical Storm Chris Preliminary Report" 4600: 4584:. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. 4570: 4516:"Tropical Storm Chris Preliminary Report" 4502: 4487: 4472: 4381: 4370: 4345:"Depression drifts toward Atlantic coast" 4321:. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. 4291: 4270:"Tropical Storm Beryl Preliminary Report" 4262: 4246:. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. 4232: 4211:"Tropical Storm Beryl Preliminary Report" 4203: 4182:"Tropical Storm Beryl Preliminary Report" 4174: 4082:. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. 3773: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3700: 3698: 3528:South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2686: 1596: 1419: 701: 5867: 5627: 5430: 5403: 5376: 5349: 5290: 5263: 5174:. National Hurricane Center. p. 2. 5084: 5068:. National Hurricane Center. p. 1. 4961: 4758: 4743: 4407: 4337: 4147:. Environment Canada. January 15, 2014. 4139: 4137: 4135: 4003: 3945: 3930: 3840: 3665: 3610: 2644:List of retired Atlantic hurricane names 2473:for the first (and only in the cases of 5764: 5726:Erdman, Jonathan (September 13, 2018). 5690: 5661: 5616: 5322: 5160: 5095:. Associated Press. September 27, 1988. 5042:from the original on September 28, 2007 5015:from the original on September 28, 2007 4940:"Hurricane Florence Preliminary Report" 4911:"Hurricane Florence Preliminary Report" 4891:from the original on September 21, 2013 4855:"Hurricane Florence Preliminary Report" 4588:from the original on September 22, 2013 4307: 4250:from the original on September 22, 2013 4151:from the original on September 16, 2015 4086:from the original on September 21, 2013 4071: 4059:from the original on September 27, 2007 4034: 3972: 2323: 2043: 1195: 812: 6512: 6069: 6064: 6057: 6052: 5725: 5550: 5517: 5455:"October 21, 1988, Friday, PM cycle". 5412:"FAQ Part E: Tropical Cyclone Records" 5195: 5193: 5167:Miles B. Lawrence (October 30, 1988). 5036:"Hurricane Gilbert Preliminary Report" 5009:"Hurricane Gilbert Preliminary Report" 4773:from the original on November 13, 2013 4534: 4494:"August 23, 1988, Tuesday, AM cycle". 3809: 3807: 3805: 3720: 3695: 3648: 3630:from the original on December 13, 2007 3524:1988 North Indian Ocean cyclone season 3362: 2143:Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) 1897:Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) 1779:Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) 1681:Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) 1306:Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) 321:crossed into the eastern Pacific Ocean 303:and many island nations, particularly 291:, which at the time was the strongest 284:, to have Atlantic-Pacific crossover. 205:1988 North Indian Ocean cyclone season 6360: 6271: 6178: 6129: 6124: 6081: 6076: 6021: 6016: 5969: 5855:from the original on October 31, 2012 5604:from the original on October 19, 2012 5505:from the original on October 19, 2012 5478:from the original on October 19, 2012 5391:from the original on October 26, 2007 5364:from the original on October 26, 2007 5310:from the original on October 26, 2007 5278:from the original on October 26, 2007 5178:from the original on October 24, 2012 5148:from the original on October 26, 2007 5119:from the original on October 26, 2007 5072:from the original on October 21, 2012 5066:"Hurricane Helene Preliminary Report" 4949:from the original on October 29, 2007 4920:from the original on October 29, 2007 4864:from the original on October 29, 2007 4830:from the original on October 26, 2007 4803:from the original on October 26, 2007 4731:from the original on October 26, 2007 4704:from the original on October 26, 2007 4677:from the original on October 26, 2007 4650:from the original on October 26, 2007 4618:from the original on October 26, 2007 4522:from the original on October 26, 2007 4479:"August 21, 1988, Sunday, BC cycle". 4460:from the original on October 20, 2012 4451:"Hurricane Kristy Preliminary Report" 4325:from the original on December 6, 2013 4279:from the original on October 26, 2007 4220:from the original on October 26, 2007 4191:from the original on October 26, 2007 4132: 4120:from the original on October 26, 2007 4045: 3861:from the original on October 22, 2013 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 1673: 1396:Debby weakened considerably over the 331: 6274:1980–1989 Atlantic hurricane seasons 6153: 6148: 6141: 6136: 6117: 6112: 6033: 6028: 5923:from the original on January 4, 2011 5634:Thomas C. Tobin (December 7, 1988). 5409: 4671:"Hurricane Debby Preliminary Report" 4644:"Hurricane Debby Preliminary Report" 4163: 3217: 1771: 6165: 6160: 5879:"Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1988" 5802:"Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1988" 5418:from the original on March 25, 2014 5385:"Hurricane Joan Preliminary Report" 5358:"Hurricane Joan Preliminary Report" 5304:"Hurricane Joan Preliminary Report" 5272:"Hurricane Joan Preliminary Report" 5200:Lindsay Mackoon (October 2, 1988). 5190: 5091:"Hurricane Helene Clings To Life". 3937:"Forecasters Watching Depression". 3888:from the original on March 29, 2014 3816:"Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1988" 3750:"Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1988" 3674: 3564:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone 3538:Australian region cyclone seasons: 3445: 3220: 3161: 3004: 1889: 1103:, and the Washington office of the 484: 13: 6237: 6232: 6201: 6196: 6177: 6172: 6093: 6088: 6045: 6040: 5772:National Hurricane Operations Plan 5698:National Hurricane Operations Plan 5669:National Hurricane Operations Plan 5596:National Hurricane Center (1988). 5557:Brian Murphy (November 22, 1988). 5497:National Hurricane Center (1988). 5470:National Hurricane Center (1988). 5383:National Hurricane Center (1988). 5356:National Hurricane Center (1988). 5329:National Hurricane Center (2005). 5302:National Hurricane Center (1988). 5270:National Hurricane Center (1988). 5034:National Hurricane Center (1988). 5007:National Hurricane Center (1988). 4971:National Hurricane Center (2006). 4822:National Hurricane Center (1988). 4795:National Hurricane Center (1988). 4723:National Hurricane Center (1988). 4696:National Hurricane Center (1988). 4669:National Hurricane Center (1988). 4642:National Hurricane Center (1988). 4610:National Hurricane Center (1988). 4514:National Hurricane Center (1988). 3847:National Hurricane Center (2007). 3782: 3622:National Hurricane Center (2006). 3321: 3233: 3179: 3143: 3040: 3022: 2809: 1404:on September 5. Upon entering the 1298: 14: 6536: 6105: 6100: 5939: 3941:. Associated Press. June 1, 1988. 3918:from the original on May 10, 2011 3451: 3411: 3399: 3375: 3365: 3359: 3309: 3306: 3289: 3279: 3261: 3251: 3223: 3167: 3164: 3131: 3111: 3101: 3081: 3071: 3053: 3043: 3010: 3007: 2978: 2966: 2946: 2936: 2918: 2908: 2888: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2858: 2846: 2822: 2812: 2792: 2675: 2650:World Meteorological Organization 2426:. Minimal damage was reported in 2135: 6252: 6251: 6213: 6208: 6006: 5653: 5576: 5542: 5244: 5226:Staff Writer (October 4, 1988). 5202:"Storm wreaks havoc on Trinidad" 4558: 4432: 4362: 3649:Henson, Bob (October 10, 2022). 3498: 3448: 3396: 3393: 3303: 3276: 3273: 3248: 3245: 3128: 3125: 3098: 3095: 3068: 3065: 3037: 2963: 2960: 2933: 2930: 2905: 2902: 2843: 2840: 2806: 2346: 2338: 2265: 2257: 2250:Tropical depression (SSHWS) 2158: 2150: 2066: 2058: 2003:September 27 – September 29 1989: 1981: 1974:Tropical depression (SSHWS) 1926:September 19 – September 30 1912: 1904: 1794: 1786: 1696: 1688: 1619: 1611: 1593:. No major damage was reported. 1534: 1526: 1519:Tropical depression (SSHWS) 1442: 1434: 1321: 1313: 1218: 1210: 1137: 1129: 1122:Tropical depression (SSHWS) 1048: 1040: 1033:Tropical depression (SSHWS) 952: 944: 937:Tropical depression (SSHWS) 835: 827: 724: 716: 598: 590: 583:Tropical depression (SSHWS) 276:reaching Category 3 on the 26: 5793: 5742: 5719: 5565:. Associated Press. p. A-6 5252: 5228:"2 die as storm lashes islands" 5219: 4389:"Two tropical depressions form" 4016:"Tropical storm leaves 14 dead" 3585: 3559:South Atlantic tropical cyclone 3548:South Pacific cyclone seasons: 3322:Category 4 hurricane 3234:Category 4 hurricane 3180:Category 5 hurricane 3158:Gulf Coast of the United States 3144:Category 1 hurricane 3092:Gulf Coast of the United States 3023:Category 1 hurricane 2997:East Coast of the United States 2869:Gulf Coast of the United States 2833:East Coast of the United States 1808:September 8 – September 19 1710:September 7 – September 11 1633:September 7 – September 10 1410:Tropical Depression Seventeen-E 1282:The depression passed south of 489:For a chronological guide, see 6520:1988 Atlantic hurricane season 5998:1988 Atlantic hurricane season 3873: 3642: 3624:"Tropical Cyclone Climatology" 3576: 2442: 2360:November 17 – November 24 2110:Intertropical Convergence Zone 1548:September 4 – September 4 1456:September 3 – September 5 642:Tropical Depression One (1988) 282:2022 Atlantic hurricane season 244:1988 Atlantic hurricane season 21:1988 Atlantic hurricane season 1: 5961:HURDAT archive on 1988 season 3603: 3514:1988 Pacific hurricane season 2637: 2320:and other Caribbean nations. 2187:145 mph (230 km/h) 2172:October 10 – October 23 2080:September 28 – October 1 1934:145 mph (230 km/h) 1816:185 mph (295 km/h) 1335:August 31 – September 5 195:1988 Pacific hurricane season 5777:(Report). Washington, D.C.: 5703:(Report). Washington, D.C.: 5674:(Report). Washington, D.C.: 3956:(in Spanish). Archived from 2491: 2368:70 mph (110 km/h) 2279:October 19 – October 21 2243:Tropical Depression Eighteen 2118:Tropical Depression Twenty-E 1718:80 mph (130 km/h) 1464:65 mph (100 km/h) 1350:75 mph (120 km/h) 786:over the cold waters of the 94: • Lowest pressure 7: 5650:– via Newspapers.com. 5573:– via Newspapers.com. 5539:– via Newspapers.com. 5241:– via Newspapers.com. 4429:– via Newspapers.com. 4359:– via Newspapers.com. 3519:1988 Pacific typhoon season 3491: 2390:Tropical Storm Keith (1988) 2331:Tropical storm (SSHWS) 2287:35 mph (55 km/h) 2088:45 mph (75 km/h) 2051:Tropical storm (SSHWS) 2011:30 mph (45 km/h) 1967:Tropical Depression Fifteen 1641:60 mph (95 km/h) 1604:Tropical storm (SSHWS) 1556:35 mph (55 km/h) 1427:Tropical storm (SSHWS) 1262:Tropical Storm Chris (1988) 1240:50 mph (85 km/h) 1203:Tropical storm (SSHWS) 1159:35 mph (55 km/h) 1070:35 mph (55 km/h) 974:35 mph (55 km/h) 879:Tropical Storm Beryl (1988) 857:50 mph (85 km/h) 820:Tropical storm (SSHWS) 746:40 mph (65 km/h) 709:Tropical storm (SSHWS) 620:30 mph (45 km/h) 200:1988 Pacific typhoon season 10: 6541: 5206:United Press International 4544:(Database). United States 4393:United Press International 4022:. June 2, 1988. p. 6A 3464:May 31 – November 24 3455: 3434:Southeastern United States 3403: 3369: 3313: 3283: 3255: 3227: 3171: 3135: 3105: 3075: 3047: 3014: 2970: 2940: 2912: 2882: 2850: 2816: 2784: 2641: 2481:) time in 1988. The names 2446: 2387: 2206: 1835: 1737: 1412:before dissipating in the 1369: 1259: 1232:August 21 – August 29 1151:August 20 – August 24 1062:August 20 – August 31 966:August 13 – August 14 876: 669:, though the provinces of 639: 570: 565:accumulated cyclone energy 488: 380: 299:and caused devastation in 215:Atlantic hurricane seasons 80: • Maximum winds 6525:Tropical cyclones in 1988 6483: 6467: 6446: 6418:South-West Indian Ocean ( 6394: 6388:Tropical cyclones in 1988 6280: 6247: 6013: 6004: 5996:Tropical cyclones of the 4546:National Hurricane Center 3376:Tropical depression 3287:September 28 – October 1 3262:Tropical depression 3082:Tropical depression 2947:Tropical depression 2919:Tropical depression 2889:Tropical depression 2793:Tropical depression 2779: 2764: 2738: 2730: 2724:Atlantic hurricane season 2364: 2356: 2335: 2330: 2283: 2275: 2254: 2249: 2183: 2168: 2147: 2142: 2084: 2076: 2055: 2050: 2007: 1999: 1978: 1973: 1930: 1922: 1901: 1896: 1812: 1804: 1783: 1778: 1740:Hurricane Florence (1988) 1714: 1706: 1685: 1680: 1637: 1629: 1608: 1603: 1552: 1544: 1523: 1518: 1460: 1452: 1431: 1426: 1346: 1331: 1310: 1305: 1236: 1228: 1207: 1202: 1155: 1147: 1126: 1121: 1066: 1058: 1037: 1032: 970: 962: 941: 936: 897:National Hurricane Center 853: 849:August 8 – August 10 845: 824: 819: 803:Saint John, New Brunswick 742: 734: 713: 708: 616: 608: 587: 582: 475:Colorado State University 451: 426: 399: 213: 185: 180: 168: 160: 146: 138: 130: 122: 117: 113: 93: 79: 67: 63: 58: 50: 42: 37: 25: 20: 3569: 3506:Tropical cyclones portal 3020:August 31 – September 8 1105:National Weather Service 1026:Tropical Depression Five 1008:National Weather Service 930:Tropical Depression Four 776:Nantucket, Massachusetts 738:August 5 – August 8 5064:Robert A. Case (1988). 3438:Southeast United States 2449:Tropical cyclone naming 1512:Tropical Depression Ten 1115:Tropical Depression Six 913:Dauphin Island, Alabama 658:of low pressure in the 652:reconnaissance airplane 576:Tropical Depression One 514:Tropical Depression One 5946:Monthly Weather Review 5886:Monthly Weather Review 5806:Monthly Weather Review 5640:Saint Petersburg Times 5232:Saint Petersburg Times 4978:. NOAA. Archived from 3754:Monthly Weather Review 3594:unnamed tropical storm 1882:in 1951. Until 2007's 1597:Unnamed tropical storm 1579:Morgan City, Louisiana 1420:Tropical Storm Ernesto 1372:Hurricane Debby (1988) 788:Gulf of Saint Lawrence 702:Tropical Storm Alberto 522:major hurricane status 473:and his associates at 172:$ 4.99 billion (1988 51:Last system dissipated 5730:. The Weather Channel 5337:on September 11, 2007 4985:on September 25, 2007 2229:Tropical Storm Miriam 2209:Hurricane Joan–Miriam 1587:Apalachicola, Florida 1398:Sierra Madre Oriental 1000:Jacksonville, Florida 799:Yarmouth, Nova Scotia 554:24-, 48-, and 72-hour 3828:on February 14, 2012 3683:on December 14, 2013 3412:Tropical storm 3386:Netherlands Antilles 3290:Tropical storm 3112:Tropical storm 3054:Tropical storm 2979:Tropical storm 2859:Tropical storm 2823:Tropical storm 2689:Saffir–Simpson scale 2457:. Storms were named 2411:on November 24 near 2324:Tropical Storm Keith 2310:Netherlands Antilles 2044:Tropical Storm Isaac 1408:, the system became 1196:Tropical Storm Chris 813:Tropical Storm Beryl 612:May 31 – June 2 546:storm track forecast 530:Tropical Storm Keith 518:tropical depressions 401:Record high activity 278:Saffir–Simpson scale 265:Tropical Storm Keith 6401:Australian region ( 5898:1989MWRv..117.2248L 5818:1989MWRv..117.2260A 5444:. Associated Press. 4883:David Roth (2006). 4765:David Roth (2006). 4754:. Associated Press. 4580:David Roth (2006). 4317:David Roth (2006). 4242:David Roth (2006). 4078:David Roth (2006). 3766:1989MWRv..117.2260A 3300:Trinidad and Tobago 2727: 1591:Biloxi, Mississippi 1498:extratropical storm 1006:. According to the 471:Dr. William M. Gray 428:Record low activity 340: 246:was a near average 118:Seasonal statistics 43:First system formed 38:Seasonal boundaries 6484:Non-seasonal lists 6414:North Indian Ocean 5529:The Daily Register 5442:International News 3456:Season aggregates 3259:September 27 – 29 3231:September 19 – 30 2744:at peak intensity 2726:season statistics 2721: 2652:retired the names 1853:Western Hemisphere 1674:Hurricane Florence 1583:Cameron, Louisiana 1414:Gulf of California 887:over southeastern 336: 332:Seasonal forecasts 293:Atlantic hurricane 87:1-minute sustained 83:185 mph (295 km/h) 32:Season summary map 6504: 6503: 6354: 6353: 6347: 6289: 6265: 6264: 5892:(10): 2248–2259. 5812:(10): 2260–2265. 4395:. August 20, 1988 3991:on March 12, 2007 3960:on March 12, 2007 3488: 3487: 3426:Yucatán Peninsula 3409:November 17 – 24 3202:Yucatan Peninsula 3177:September 8 – 19 3154:Yucatan Peninsula 3141:September 7 – 11 3109:September 7 – 10 3035:, Eastern Mexico 3033:Yucatan Peninsula 2718: 2717: 2691: 2635: 2634: 2432:Hurricane Gilbert 2405:Sarasota, Florida 2400:Yucatán Peninsula 2386: 2385: 2371: 2305: 2304: 2290: 2216:Guajira Peninsula 2205: 2204: 2190: 2179: 2106: 2105: 2091: 2029: 2028: 2014: 1952: 1951: 1937: 1880:Hurricane Charlie 1838:Hurricane Gilbert 1834: 1833: 1819: 1772:Hurricane Gilbert 1754:Mississippi Delta 1750:hurricane hunters 1736: 1735: 1721: 1659: 1658: 1644: 1574: 1573: 1559: 1482: 1481: 1467: 1368: 1367: 1353: 1342: 1289:Savannah, Georgia 1258: 1257: 1243: 1177: 1176: 1162: 1088: 1087: 1073: 992: 991: 977: 901:Florida Panhandle 893:Mississippi River 875: 874: 860: 764: 763: 749: 638: 637: 623: 467: 466: 289:Hurricane Gilbert 257:tropical cyclones 252:tropical cyclones 240: 239: 123:Total depressions 54:November 24, 1988 6532: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6358: 6357: 6342: 6284: 6269: 6268: 6255: 6254: 6235: 6223: 6211: 6199: 6187: 6175: 6163: 6151: 6139: 6127: 6115: 6103: 6091: 6079: 6067: 6055: 6043: 6031: 6019: 6010: 5990: 5983: 5976: 5967: 5966: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5922: 5883: 5874: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5854: 5847: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5776: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5702: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5673: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5593: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5546: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5467: 5461: 5460: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5437: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5333:. Archived from 5326: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5299: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5248: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5197: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5173: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5143: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5114: 5106: 5097: 5096: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5061: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5004: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4984: 4977: 4968: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4944: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4915: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4859: 4851: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4792: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4639: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4607: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4577: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4511: 4500: 4499: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4455: 4447: 4438: 4437: 4436: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4349:Orlando Sentinel 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4314: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4274: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4239: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4215: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4186: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4141: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4115: 4107: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4012: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3981: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3860: 3853: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3827: 3820: 3811: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3745: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3702: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3679:. Archived from 3672: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3619: 3597: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3508: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3430:Greater Antilles 3373:October 19 – 21 3332:Windward Islands 3319:October 10 – 23 3194:Greater Antilles 3051:September 3 – 5 2993:Greater Antilles 2957:Windward Islands 2803:Greater Antilles 2790:May 31 – June 2 2728: 2720: 2687: 2684: 2629: 2621: 2613: 2605: 2597: 2589: 2581: 2569: 2561: 2553: 2492: 2369: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2342: 2328: 2327: 2288: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2247: 2246: 2188: 2173: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2154: 2140: 2139: 2089: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2062: 2048: 2047: 2012: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1985: 1971: 1970: 1935: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1894: 1893: 1890:Hurricane Helene 1817: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1790: 1776: 1775: 1719: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1692: 1678: 1677: 1642: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1601: 1600: 1557: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1530: 1516: 1515: 1465: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1438: 1424: 1423: 1416:on September 8. 1391:Tuxpan, Veracruz 1351: 1336: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1317: 1303: 1302: 1293:Eastern Seaboard 1273:Greater Antilles 1241: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1214: 1200: 1199: 1190:Hurricane Kristy 1182:Windward Islands 1160: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1133: 1119: 1118: 1111:on September 1. 1071: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1044: 1030: 1029: 1010:, winds in some 975: 957: 956: 951: 948: 934: 933: 858: 840: 839: 834: 831: 817: 816: 747: 729: 728: 723: 720: 706: 705: 621: 603: 602: 597: 594: 580: 579: 555: 551: 550:30 to 40 percent 485:Seasonal summary 375: 366: 359: 341: 274:major hurricanes 181:Related articles 161:Total fatalities 147:Major hurricanes 30: 18: 17: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6500: 6479: 6463: 6442: 6430:South Pacific ( 6390: 6385: 6355: 6350: 6276: 6266: 6261: 6243: 6242: 6241: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6020: 6017: 6011: 6000: 5994: 5942: 5937: 5936: 5926: 5924: 5920: 5881: 5875: 5868: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5845: 5839: 5835: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5733: 5731: 5724: 5720: 5710: 5708: 5700: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5681: 5679: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5652: 5645: 5643: 5632: 5628: 5621: 5617: 5607: 5605: 5594: 5585: 5575: 5568: 5566: 5563:Journal Gazette 5555: 5551: 5541: 5534: 5532: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5506: 5495: 5491: 5481: 5479: 5468: 5464: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5438: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5327: 5323: 5313: 5311: 5300: 5291: 5281: 5279: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5236: 5234: 5224: 5220: 5210: 5208: 5198: 5191: 5181: 5179: 5171: 5165: 5161: 5151: 5149: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5112: 5108: 5107: 5100: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5062: 5055: 5045: 5043: 5032: 5028: 5018: 5016: 5005: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4982: 4975: 4969: 4962: 4952: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4894: 4892: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4857: 4853: 4852: 4843: 4833: 4831: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4793: 4786: 4776: 4774: 4763: 4759: 4748: 4744: 4734: 4732: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4667: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4640: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4608: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4578: 4571: 4559: 4551: 4549: 4548:. April 5, 2023 4540: 4539: 4535: 4525: 4523: 4512: 4503: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4463: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4441: 4431: 4424: 4422: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4371: 4361: 4354: 4352: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4315: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4240: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4164: 4154: 4152: 4143: 4142: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4113: 4109: 4108: 4099: 4089: 4087: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4014: 4013: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3983: 3982: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3950: 3946: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3908: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3878: 3874: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3851: 3845: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3818: 3812: 3783: 3746: 3721: 3711: 3709: 3704: 3703: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3673: 3666: 3656: 3654: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3620: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3600: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3489: 3478:$ 4.99 billion 3422:Central America 3356:Central America 3218:$ 2.98 billion 3198:Central America 3190:Lesser Antilles 3001:Atlantic Canada 2989:Leeward Islands 2976:August 21 – 29 2944:August 20 – 24 2916:August 20 – 31 2886:August 13 – 14 2837:Atlantic Canada 2769: 2765:Areas affected 2757: 2755: 2750: 2748: 2743: 2732: 2678: 2646: 2640: 2624: 2616: 2608: 2600: 2592: 2584: 2576: 2564: 2556: 2548: 2451: 2445: 2422:, Jamaica, and 2392: 2373: 2352: 2343: 2337: 2326: 2316:from Africa to 2292: 2271: 2262: 2256: 2245: 2237:Hurricane Greta 2211: 2192: 2164: 2155: 2149: 2138: 2093: 2072: 2063: 2057: 2046: 2016: 1995: 1986: 1980: 1969: 1939: 1918: 1909: 1903: 1892: 1849:Hurricane Wilma 1840: 1821: 1800: 1791: 1785: 1774: 1742: 1723: 1702: 1693: 1687: 1676: 1646: 1625: 1616: 1610: 1599: 1561: 1540: 1531: 1525: 1514: 1494:southwesterlies 1469: 1448: 1439: 1433: 1422: 1406:Eastern Pacific 1383:Bay of Campeche 1374: 1355: 1327: 1318: 1312: 1301: 1299:Hurricane Debby 1275:as well as the 1264: 1245: 1224: 1215: 1209: 1198: 1164: 1143: 1134: 1128: 1117: 1075: 1054: 1045: 1039: 1028: 979: 958: 949: 943: 932: 920:intensification 881: 862: 841: 832: 826: 815: 751: 730: 721: 715: 704: 689:destroyed five 675:Sancti Spíritus 660:Florida Straits 644: 625: 604: 595: 589: 578: 573: 553: 549: 510: 509: 507: 494: 487: 479:major hurricane 453:Actual activity 373: 371: 364: 357: 355: 334: 325:Hurricane Debby 315:, which struck 217: 209: 148: 84: 74: 59:Strongest storm 33: 12: 11: 5: 6538: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6496:South Atlantic 6493: 6487: 6485: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6471: 6469: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6411: 6405: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6384: 6383: 6376: 6369: 6361: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6348: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6231: 6219: 6207: 6195: 6183: 6171: 6159: 6147: 6135: 6123: 6111: 6099: 6087: 6075: 6063: 6051: 6039: 6027: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5993: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5941: 5940:External links 5938: 5935: 5934: 5866: 5833: 5792: 5763: 5741: 5718: 5689: 5660: 5626: 5615: 5583: 5549: 5516: 5489: 5462: 5447: 5429: 5402: 5375: 5348: 5321: 5289: 5262: 5251: 5218: 5189: 5159: 5130: 5098: 5083: 5053: 5026: 4996: 4960: 4931: 4902: 4875: 4841: 4814: 4784: 4757: 4742: 4715: 4688: 4661: 4629: 4599: 4569: 4533: 4501: 4486: 4471: 4439: 4406: 4380: 4369: 4336: 4306: 4290: 4261: 4231: 4202: 4173: 4162: 4131: 4097: 4070: 4044: 4033: 4002: 3971: 3944: 3929: 3899: 3872: 3839: 3781: 3719: 3694: 3664: 3641: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3584: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3546: 3536: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3446:$ 7.3 million 3444: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3214:Western Canada 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3162:$ 2.9 million 3160: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3005:$ 2.2 million 3003: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2766: 2763: 2752: 2745: 2737: 2734: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2677: 2676:Season effects 2674: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2622: 2614: 2606: 2598: 2590: 2582: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2562: 2554: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2444: 2441: 2388:Main article: 2384: 2383: 2366: 2365:Peak intensity 2362: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2325: 2322: 2303: 2302: 2285: 2284:Peak intensity 2281: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2272: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2244: 2241: 2225:Hurricane Ivan 2207:Main article: 2203: 2202: 2185: 2184:Peak intensity 2181: 2180: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2137: 2136:Hurricane Joan 2134: 2126:Flash flooding 2104: 2103: 2086: 2085:Peak intensity 2082: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2045: 2042: 2027: 2026: 2009: 2008:Peak intensity 2005: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1968: 1965: 1950: 1949: 1932: 1931:Peak intensity 1928: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1891: 1888: 1884:Hurricane Dean 1836:Main article: 1832: 1831: 1814: 1813:Peak intensity 1810: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1801: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1773: 1770: 1738:Main article: 1734: 1733: 1716: 1715:Peak intensity 1712: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1703: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1675: 1672: 1657: 1656: 1639: 1638:Peak intensity 1635: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1598: 1595: 1572: 1571: 1554: 1553:Peak intensity 1550: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1513: 1510: 1480: 1479: 1462: 1461:Peak intensity 1458: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1421: 1418: 1370:Main article: 1366: 1365: 1348: 1347:Peak intensity 1344: 1343: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1300: 1297: 1260:Main article: 1256: 1255: 1238: 1237:Peak intensity 1234: 1233: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1197: 1194: 1175: 1174: 1157: 1156:Peak intensity 1153: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1116: 1113: 1101:North Carolina 1086: 1085: 1068: 1067:Peak intensity 1064: 1063: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1027: 1024: 990: 989: 972: 971:Peak intensity 968: 967: 964: 960: 959: 942: 939: 938: 931: 928: 877:Main article: 873: 872: 855: 854:Peak intensity 851: 850: 847: 843: 842: 825: 822: 821: 814: 811: 772:frontal trough 768:South Carolina 762: 761: 744: 743:Peak intensity 740: 739: 736: 732: 731: 714: 711: 710: 703: 700: 679:Ciego de Ávila 640:Main article: 636: 635: 618: 617:Peak intensity 614: 613: 610: 606: 605: 588: 585: 584: 577: 574: 572: 569: 541:tropical waves 496: 495: 486: 483: 465: 464: 461: 458: 455: 449: 448: 445: 435: 430: 424: 423: 413: 408: 403: 397: 396: 393: 390: 387: 384: 378: 377: 368: 361: 352: 347: 333: 330: 313:Hurricane Joan 297:Gulf of Mexico 261:Atlantic basin 238: 237: 211: 210: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 186: 183: 182: 178: 177: 170: 166: 165: 162: 158: 157: 154: 144: 143: 140: 136: 135: 132: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 115: 114: 111: 110: 95: 91: 90: 81: 77: 76: 69: 65: 64: 61: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 44: 40: 39: 35: 34: 31: 23: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6537: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6508: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6491:Mediterranean 6489: 6488: 6486: 6482: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6466: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6445: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6382: 6377: 6375: 6370: 6368: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6346: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6270: 6258: 6250: 6249: 6246: 6240: 6228: 6216: 6204: 6192: 6180: 6168: 6156: 6144: 6132: 6120: 6108: 6096: 6084: 6072: 6060: 6048: 6036: 6024: 6009: 6003: 5999: 5991: 5986: 5984: 5979: 5977: 5972: 5971: 5968: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5927:September 25, 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5880: 5873: 5871: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5828: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5780: 5773: 5767: 5751: 5745: 5729: 5722: 5706: 5699: 5693: 5677: 5670: 5664: 5656: 5641: 5637: 5630: 5619: 5603: 5600:. p. 3. 5599: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5579: 5569:September 12, 5564: 5560: 5553: 5545: 5535:September 12, 5530: 5526: 5520: 5504: 5501:. p. 2. 5500: 5493: 5477: 5474:. p. 1. 5473: 5466: 5458: 5457:Domestic News 5451: 5443: 5436: 5434: 5417: 5414:. p. 1. 5413: 5410:NOAA (2007). 5406: 5390: 5387:. p. 1. 5386: 5379: 5363: 5360:. p. 3. 5359: 5352: 5336: 5332: 5325: 5309: 5306:. p. 2. 5305: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5277: 5274:. p. 7. 5273: 5266: 5255: 5247: 5237:September 12, 5233: 5229: 5222: 5211:September 12, 5207: 5203: 5196: 5194: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5147: 5140: 5134: 5118: 5111: 5105: 5103: 5094: 5093:Domestic News 5087: 5071: 5067: 5060: 5058: 5041: 5038:. p. 2. 5037: 5030: 5014: 5011:. p. 3. 5010: 5003: 5001: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4965: 4948: 4941: 4935: 4919: 4912: 4906: 4890: 4886: 4879: 4863: 4856: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4829: 4826:. p. 4. 4825: 4818: 4802: 4799:. p. 1. 4798: 4791: 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2969: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2939: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2911: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2881: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2856:August 5 – 8 2853: 2849: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2820:August 5 – 8 2815: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2761: 2742: 2736:Dates active 2729: 2725: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2682: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2628: 2625:William 2623: 2620: 2617:Valerie 2615: 2612: 2607: 2604: 2599: 2596: 2591: 2588: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2560: 2557:Michael 2555: 2552: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2437:beach erosion 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2409:extratropical 2406: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2381: 2377: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2341: 2334: 2329: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2300: 2296: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2268: 2260: 2253: 2248: 2240: 2238: 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Retrieved 3587: 3578: 3360:$ 2 billion 3079:September 4 2873:$ 3 million 2679: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2626: 2618: 2610: 2602: 2594: 2593:Rafael 2586: 2578: 2566: 2565:Nadine 2558: 2550: 2549:Leslie 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2452: 2417: 2393: 2314:pink locusts 2306: 2233: 2212: 2176:Exited basin 2122: 2107: 2030: 1957: 1953: 1873: 1857: 1841: 1766: 1747: 1743: 1668: 1660: 1575: 1483: 1395: 1387: 1375: 1339:Exited basin 1281: 1265: 1178: 1097: 1089: 1020: 993: 917: 882: 807:Newfoundland 796: 792:Newfoundland 765: 664: 645: 562: 548:errors were 534: 511: 478: 468: 452: 427: 400: 370: 363: 354: 349: 344: 337: 286: 259:form in the 243: 241: 226: 169:Total damage 131:Total storms 86: 46:May 31, 1988 15: 5785:January 17, 5756:January 17, 5734:February 8, 5711:January 17, 5682:January 17, 5642:. p. 3 5422:October 10, 5395:October 10, 5368:October 10, 5341:October 10, 5314:October 10, 5282:October 10, 5152:October 21, 5123:October 21, 5046:October 10, 5019:October 10, 4989:October 10, 4953:October 28, 4924:October 28, 4895:October 28, 4868:October 28, 4834:October 14, 4807:October 14, 4735:October 14, 4708:October 14, 4681:October 13, 4654:October 13, 4622:October 13, 4592:October 13, 4526:October 13, 4329:October 18, 4283:October 12, 4254:October 12, 4224:October 12, 4195:October 12, 4155:October 23, 4124:October 11, 3657:October 10, 3461:19 systems 2751:mph (km/h) 2670:1994 season 2601:Sandy 2585:Patty 2577:Oscar 2455:1982 season 2443:Storm names 1762:Baton Rouge 1486:surface low 1284:Puerto Rico 1016:Mississippi 924:Bayou Teche 905:Mississippi 780:Nova Scotia 671:Villa Clara 6514:Categories 6447:Hurricanes 6285:Previous: 5859:August 16, 5509:January 7, 5482:January 7, 3865:January 6, 3687:January 6, 3604:References 3470:185 (295) 3325:145 (230) 3237:145 (230) 3210:Midwestern 3183:185 (295) 3122:Cape Verde 2642:See also: 2638:Retirement 2609:Tony 2447:See also: 2293:1006 2221:Bluefields 2094:1005 2038:Cape Verde 2034:Cape Verde 2017:1009 1664:Cape Verde 1562:1004 1402:Manzanillo 1246:1005 1165:1006 1109:East Coast 1092:Cape Verde 1076:1006 980:1012 863:1001 752:1002 667:Cienfuegos 626:1002 537:wind shear 374:hurricanes 365:Hurricanes 139:Hurricanes 5914:1520-0493 5608:March 20, 5182:April 27, 4020:Star-News 3832:March 20, 3415:70 (110) 3370:Eighteen 3352:Venezuela 3147:80 (130) 3057:65 (100) 3026:75 (120) 2747:Max 1-min 2374:985 2239:of 1978. 2193:932 1940:938 1865:Monterrey 1822:888 1758:Louisiana 1724:982 1647:994 1470:994 1381:into the 1356:987 1004:Southeast 889:Louisiana 481:status. 317:Nicaragua 267:, became 6468:Typhoons 6454:Atlantic 6395:Cyclones 6257:Category 6227:Eighteen 6155:Florence 5918:Archived 5850:Archived 5602:Archived 5503:Archived 5476:Archived 5416:Archived 5389:Archived 5362:Archived 5308:Archived 5276:Archived 5176:Archived 5146:Archived 5117:Archived 5070:Archived 5040:Archived 5013:Archived 4947:Archived 4918:Archived 4889:Archived 4862:Archived 4828:Archived 4801:Archived 4771:Archived 4729:Archived 4702:Archived 4675:Archived 4648:Archived 4616:Archived 4586:Archived 4520:Archived 4458:Archived 4323:Archived 4277:Archived 4248:Archived 4218:Archived 4189:Archived 4149:Archived 4118:Archived 4090:March 3, 4084:Archived 4063:March 3, 4057:Archived 3995:March 3, 3916:Archived 3886:Archived 3856:Archived 3712:July 18, 3628:Archived 3492:See also 3481:601–719 3390:Trinidad 3379:35 (55) 3363:216–334 3348:Colombia 3304:Unknown 3293:45 (75) 3265:30 (45) 3256:Fifteen 3137:Florence 3115:60 (95) 3106:Unnamed 3085:35 (55) 3048:Ernesto 3038:Unknown 2982:50 (85) 2950:35 (55) 2922:35 (55) 2892:35 (55) 2862:40 (65) 2826:40 (65) 2817:Alberto 2807:Unknown 2796:30 (45) 2741:category 2668:for the 2627:(unused) 2619:(unused) 2611:(unused) 2603:(unused) 2595:(unused) 2587:(unused) 2579:(unused) 2567:(unused) 2559:(unused) 2551:(unused) 2519:Florence 2483:Florence 2420:Honduras 2357:Duration 2318:Trinidad 2276:Duration 2169:Duration 2114:Barbados 2077:Duration 2000:Duration 1923:Duration 1869:Missouri 1861:La Pesca 1805:Duration 1707:Duration 1630:Duration 1545:Duration 1453:Duration 1332:Duration 1229:Duration 1148:Duration 1059:Duration 963:Duration 846:Duration 735:Duration 687:Camagüey 683:Camagüey 650:, and a 609:Duration 526:landfall 395:Unknown 105:; 26.22 6475:Pacific 6459:Pacific 6437:1988–89 6432:1987–88 6425:1988–89 6420:1987–88 6408:1988–89 6403:1987–88 6191:Fifteen 6167:Gilbert 6143:Unnamed 6119:Ernesto 6035:Alberto 5894:Bibcode 5814:Bibcode 5646:May 12, 4355:May 12, 4026:May 12, 3922:June 5, 3892:June 5, 3762:Bibcode 3554:1988–89 3550:1987–88 3544:1988–89 3540:1987–88 3534:1988–89 3530:1987–88 3484: 3442:Bermuda 3344:Curaçao 3340:Bonaire 3228:Helene 3173:Gilbert 2899:Florida 2780:Ref(s) 2777:Deaths 2654:Gilbert 2524:Gilbert 2515:Ernesto 2497:Alberto 2475:Gilbert 2459:Gilbert 2413:Bermuda 2378: ( 2370:(1-min) 2297: ( 2289:(1-min) 2197: ( 2189:(1-min) 2130:Morvant 2098: ( 2090:(1-min) 2021: ( 2013:(1-min) 1961:Iceland 1944: ( 1936:(1-min) 1826: ( 1818:(1-min) 1728: ( 1720:(1-min) 1651: ( 1643:(1-min) 1566: ( 1558:(1-min) 1490:Bermuda 1474: ( 1466:(1-min) 1379:Yucatán 1360: ( 1352:(1-min) 1277:Bahamas 1250: ( 1242:(1-min) 1186:Jamaica 1169: ( 1161:(1-min) 1080: ( 1072:(1-min) 1012:squalls 996:Bahamas 984: ( 976:(1-min) 909:Alabama 867: ( 859:(1-min) 756: ( 748:(1-min) 630: ( 622:(1-min) 571:Systems 305:Jamaica 151:Cat. 3+ 72:Gilbert 6343:Next: 6179:Helene 5912: 3467: 3284:Isaac 2768:Damage 2756:press. 2739:Storm 2662:Gordon 2532:Helene 2487:Helene 2428:Mexico 2344: 2263: 2156: 2064: 1987: 1910: 1792: 1694: 1617: 1532: 1502:Azores 1440: 1319: 1269:Lesser 1216: 1135: 1046: 950: 907:, and 833: 722: 691:Soviet 681:, and 656:trough 596: 358:storms 345:Source 301:Mexico 248:season 6239:Keith 6203:Isaac 6107:Debby 6095:Chris 6047:Beryl 5921:(PDF) 5882:(PDF) 5853:(PDF) 5846:(PDF) 5775:(PDF) 5701:(PDF) 5672:(PDF) 5172:(GIF) 5142:(GIF) 5113:(GIF) 4983:(PDF) 4976:(PDF) 4943:(GIF) 4914:(GIF) 4858:(GIF) 4454:(GIF) 4273:(GIF) 4214:(GIF) 4185:(GIF) 4114:(GIF) 3859:(PDF) 3852:(PDF) 3826:(PDF) 3819:(PDF) 3570:Notes 3449:None 3405:Keith 3397:None 3394:None 3382:1006 3336:Aruba 3296:1005 3277:None 3274:None 3271:None 3268:1009 3249:None 3246:None 3243:None 3212:and 3129:None 3126:None 3099:None 3096:None 3088:1004 3069:None 3066:None 3063:None 3016:Debby 2985:1005 2972:Chris 2964:None 2961:None 2953:1006 2934:None 2931:None 2928:None 2925:1006 2913:Five 2906:None 2903:None 2895:1012 2883:Four 2865:1002 2852:Beryl 2844:None 2841:None 2829:1002 2799:1002 2733:name 2731:Storm 2722:1988 2666:Joyce 2544:Keith 2535:Isaac 2511:Debby 2506:Chris 2501:Beryl 2471:Keith 2463:Isaac 2396:Haiti 1585:, to 1488:near 386:June 372:Major 356:Named 6345:1990 6338:1989 6333:1988 6328:1987 6323:1986 6318:1985 6313:1984 6308:1983 6303:1982 6298:1981 6293:1980 6287:1979 6215:Joan 6071:Five 6059:Four 5929:2019 5910:ISSN 5861:2014 5787:2024 5779:NOAA 5758:2024 5736:2024 5713:2024 5705:NOAA 5684:2024 5676:NOAA 5648:2021 5610:2007 5571:2023 5537:2023 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1988 Atlantic hurricane season

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