108:
1067:
25:
115:
995:
The left, however, lost the 1992 Majlis elections to the right after the
Guardian Council rejected the credentials of 1,100 candidates, including 40 incumbents... Conservatives won 122 seats in the 1992 elections, while the left suffered a major electoral defeat with only 40
410:. Several taboos on advertisements were broken during the elections, for the first time foreign academic credentials received positive publicity and some campaign literatures were void of regular political and ideological jargon (such as following
1517:
430:
disqualified about one-third of them, approving only some 2,050. Among the disqualified candidates, 39 were incumbent MPs either belonged to or had sympathized with the
244:
406:
and were limited to seven days, ending 24 hours before the polling process started. The candidates and campaigners were obliged to focus on their merits, rather than
360:
1566:
1631:
369:
186:
1033:
1548:
206:
817:
1055:
1538:
1533:
1243:
1105:
294:
275:
1597:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
321:
on 10 April 1992, with a second round on 8 May. The elections were the first parliamentary elections held in Iran since the death of
1576:
201:
1100:
1586:
1581:
1087:
344:. The results marked a victory for the right-wingers who obtained an absolute majority with more than 70 percent of the seats.
1170:
988:
1621:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1095:
373:
1543:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1278:
1268:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
964:
939:
865:
49:
39:
1626:
1063:
607:
512:
431:
365:
341:
286:
174:
1636:
1616:
1048:
211:
377:
191:
957:
Power, Islam, and
Political Elite in Iran: A Study on the Iranian Political Elite from Khomeini to Ahmadinejad
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1273:
1263:
63:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1419:
719:
593:
499:
356:
333:
304:
161:
140:
931:
156:
1041:
125:
1016:
715:
896:
Farzin Sarabi (1994). "The Post-Khomeini Era in Iran: The
Elections of the Fourth Islamic Majlis".
388:
337:
1571:
857:
447:
443:
151:
1459:
825:
300:
928:
Parliamentary
Politics in Revolutionary Iran: The Institutionalization of Factional Politics
683:
664:
According to Eva Rakel, the radical left faction gained 79 out of 270 parliamentary seats.
407:
224:
8:
1558:
1368:
1075:
451:
1011:
983:, Washington, D.C.: International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES), p. 75,
905:
693:
322:
229:
1071:
984:
960:
935:
861:
459:
435:
427:
332:
It marked a rivalry between the two main organizations at the time, the right-wing
415:
1411:
411:
392:
166:
1610:
849:
455:
439:
396:
282:
130:
381:
326:
196:
959:, International Comparative Social Studies, Brill Publishers, p. 53,
475:
The table below only includes seats decided in the first round of voting:
395:, boycotted the elections on the grounds that their rights to compete in
909:
107:
1012:"Parliamentary Chamber: Majles Shoraye Eslami, ELECTIONS HELD IN 1992"
399:
had been curbed and there was official discrimination toward them.
403:
426:
Some 3,150 candidates registered to run for a seat, but the
1079:
1066:
318:
402:
The duration of official campaigns started one week after
114:
718:, some three-fourths of the seats were controlled by the
462:, Iran's next president were also disqualified to run.
852:; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001). "Iran".
848:
1608:
370:Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic
270:
981:Duality by Design: The Iranian Electoral System
352:Main groups contesting in the elections were:
1049:
895:
207:Islamic Association of University Instructors
722:, who secured 134 seats in the first round.
978:
492:
1056:
1042:
925:
1632:Islamic Consultative Assembly elections
1609:
824:, Princeton University, archived from
793:
702:
648:
567:
1037:
1006:
1004:
954:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
844:
842:
812:
810:
317:Parliamentary elections were held in
904:(1). Middle East Institute: 89–107.
421:
822:The Iran Social Science Data Portal
414:or highlighting activities against
13:
1001:
874:
854:Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook
839:
807:
794:Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union
14:
1648:
1598:List of elections and referendums
17:1992 Iranian legislative election
1065:
608:Association of Combatant Clerics
513:Association of Combatant Clerics
432:Association of Combatant Clerics
376:, including student association
366:Association of Combatant Clerics
342:Association of Combatant Clerics
202:Islamic Association of Engineers
175:Association of Combatant Clerics
113:
106:
23:
374:Coalition of Imam's Line groups
212:Islamic Association of Teachers
67:136 seats needed for a majority
972:
948:
919:
378:Office for Strengthening Unity
192:Office for Strengthening Unity
1:
818:"1992 Parliamentary Election"
800:
391:, the political group led by
361:Islamic Aligned Organizations
64:Islamic Consultative Assembly
720:Combatant Clergy Association
594:Combatant Clergy Association
500:Combatant Clergy Association
357:Combatant Clergy Association
334:Combatant Clergy Association
162:Islamic Society of Engineers
141:Combatant Clergy Association
7:
932:University Press of Florida
347:
157:Islamic Society of Students
10:
1653:
781:
773:
765:
748:
740:
732:
692:
682:
631:
620:
606:
592:
556:
535:
524:
511:
498:
465:
245:Tehran, Rey and Shemiranat
126:Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani
1622:April 1992 events in Asia
1595:
1557:
1526:
1458:
1410:
1367:
1169:
1086:
1017:Inter-Parliamentary Union
926:Baktiari, Bahman (1996).
760:
727:
716:Inter-Parliamentary Union
710:Inter-Parliamentary Union
552:
480:
336:(supporters of President
268:
152:Islamic Coalition Society
87:
79:
71:
60:
33:
21:
389:Freedom Movement of Iran
338:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
187:Association of the Women
1627:May 1992 events in Iran
915:(subscription required)
858:Oxford University Press
448:Asadollah Bayat-Zanjani
444:Hossein Mousavi Tabrizi
45:10 April and 8 May 1992
1637:1992 elections in Asia
1617:1992 elections in Iran
774:Blank or invalid votes
741:Blank or invalid votes
301:Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri
979:Yasmin Alem (2011),
575:Nohlen et al. (2001)
408:negative campaigning
340:) and the left-wing
1369:Assembly of Experts
955:Rakel, Eva (2008),
898:Middle East Journal
860:. pp. 68, 74.
452:Ebrahim Asgharzadeh
236:Leader's seat
18:
323:Ayatollah Khomeini
16:
1604:
1603:
990:978-1-931459-59-4
798:
797:
707:
706:
657:
656:
572:
571:
568:Source: Baktiari
422:Disqualifications
315:
314:
311:
310:
264:
263:
62:All 270 seats of
56:
55:
1644:
1070:
1069:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1008:
999:
998:
976:
970:
969:
952:
946:
945:
923:
917:
916:
913:
893:
872:
871:
846:
837:
836:
835:
833:
814:
725:
724:
672:
671:
579:
578:
494:
478:
477:
460:Mohammad Khatami
436:Sadegh Khalkhali
428:Guardian Council
380:and trade union
368:, backed by the
271:
117:
110:
89:
88:
35:
34:
28:
27:
26:
19:
15:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1591:
1553:
1522:
1454:
1406:
1363:
1165:
1082:
1064:
1062:
1032:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1010:
1009:
1002:
991:
977:
973:
967:
953:
949:
942:
934:. p. 219.
930:. Gainesville:
924:
920:
914:
894:
875:
868:
856:. Vol. I.
847:
840:
831:
829:
816:
815:
808:
803:
649:Source: Nohlen
557:Undecided seats
486:Electoral list
471:Baktiari (1996)
468:
424:
350:
329:'s leadership.
303:
298:
285:
280:
278:before election
269:
254:Seats won
216:
183:
182:
177:
171:
148:
147:
98:Minority party
95:Majority party
66:
61:
29:
24:
22:
12:
11:
5:
1650:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1000:
989:
971:
965:
947:
940:
918:
873:
866:
850:Nohlen, Dieter
838:
805:
804:
802:
799:
796:
795:
791:
790:
785:
779:
778:
775:
771:
770:
767:
763:
762:
758:
757:
752:
746:
745:
742:
738:
737:
734:
730:
729:
712:
711:
705:
704:
700:
699:
696:
690:
689:
686:
680:
679:
676:
670:
669:
662:
661:
655:
654:
646:
645:
640:
635:
629:
628:
625:
622:
618:
617:
614:
611:
604:
603:
600:
597:
590:
589:
586:
583:
577:
576:
570:
569:
565:
564:
561:
558:
554:
553:
550:
549:
544:
539:
533:
532:
529:
526:
522:
521:
518:
515:
509:
508:
505:
502:
496:
495:
490:
487:
483:
482:
473:
472:
467:
464:
423:
420:
397:fair elections
393:Mehdi Bazargan
386:
385:
363:
359:, endorsed by
349:
346:
313:
312:
309:
308:
290:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
255:
251:
250:
242:
237:
233:
232:
227:
222:
218:
217:
215:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
180:
179:
178:
172:
170:
169:
167:Zeynab Society
164:
159:
154:
145:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
123:
119:
118:
111:
104:
100:
99:
96:
93:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
58:
57:
54:
53:
47:
42:
31:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1649:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1171:Parliamentary
1168:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1005:
997:
992:
986:
982:
975:
968:
966:9789047425083
962:
958:
951:
943:
941:0-8130-1461-1
937:
933:
929:
922:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
869:
867:0-19-924958-X
863:
859:
855:
851:
845:
843:
828:on 2012-05-30
827:
823:
819:
813:
811:
806:
792:
789:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
756:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
723:
721:
717:
714:According to
709:
708:
703:Source: Alem
701:
697:
695:
691:
687:
685:
681:
677:
674:
673:
667:
666:
665:
659:
658:
652:
647:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
630:
626:
623:
619:
615:
612:
609:
605:
601:
598:
595:
591:
587:
584:
581:
580:
574:
573:
566:
562:
559:
555:
551:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
534:
530:
527:
525:Independents
523:
519:
516:
514:
510:
506:
503:
501:
497:
491:
488:
485:
484:
479:
476:
470:
469:
463:
461:
457:
456:Behzad Nabavi
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:Ateghe Sediqi
437:
433:
429:
419:
417:
416:Shah's regime
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
362:
358:
355:
354:
353:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
307:
306:
302:
297:
296:
291:
289:
288:
284:
283:Mehdi Karoubi
279:
277:
273:
272:
267:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
246:
243:
241:
240:Did not stand
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
226:
223:
220:
219:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
176:
173:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
131:Mehdi Karoubi
129:
127:
124:
121:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
101:
97:
94:
91:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
59:
52: →
51:
48:
46:
43:
41:
38:←
37:
36:
32:
20:
1318:
1088:Presidential
1021:, retrieved
1015:
994:
980:
974:
956:
950:
927:
921:
901:
897:
853:
830:, retrieved
826:the original
821:
787:
782:
754:
749:
713:
663:
660:Rakel (2008)
650:
642:
637:
632:
621:Independents
546:
541:
536:
474:
434:, including
425:
401:
387:
382:Worker House
351:
331:
327:Ali Khamenei
316:
299:
292:
281:
274:
247:
239:
197:Worker House
44:
1559:Referendums
1527:Constituent
1076:referendums
783:Total votes
766:Valid votes
750:Total votes
736:18,476,051
733:Valid votes
668:Alem (2011)
412:Imam's Line
325:and during
1611:Categories
1582:1979 (Dec)
1577:1979 (Mar)
1106:1981 (Oct)
1101:1981 (Jul)
801:References
769:7,375,330
755:18,803,158
610:and allies
596:and allies
248:(defeated)
181:and allies
146:and allies
75:32,465,558
72:Registered
1072:Elections
832:10 August
788:7,485,097
221:Alliance
777:109,767
761:Round 2
744:327,107
728:Round 1
675:Faction
481:Round 1
348:Campaign
293:Elected
257:122≈150
1244:1943–44
1023:20 June
910:4328663
466:Results
404:Ramadan
295:Speaker
276:Speaker
122:Leader
103:
92:
80:Turnout
1412:Senate
996:seats.
987:
963:
938:
908:
864:
678:Seats
585:Seats
582:Party
563:51.85
489:Seats
260:40≈79
137:Party
1460:Local
906:JSTOR
684:Right
651:et al
633:Total
627:44.4
602:55.6
547:48.14
537:Total
531:22.3
520:15.4
507:62.3
225:Right
83:57.71
1587:1989
1572:1963
1567:1953
1549:1979
1544:1967
1539:1949
1534:1925
1518:2021
1513:2017
1508:2013
1503:2006
1498:2003
1493:1999
1488:1979
1483:1976
1478:1972
1473:1970
1468:1968
1450:1975
1445:1971
1440:1967
1435:1963
1430:1960
1425:1954
1420:1949
1402:2024
1397:2016
1392:2006
1387:1998
1382:1990
1377:1982
1359:2024
1354:2020
1349:2016
1344:2012
1339:2008
1334:2004
1329:2000
1324:1996
1319:1992
1314:1988
1309:1984
1304:1980
1299:1975
1294:1971
1289:1967
1284:1963
1279:1961
1274:1960
1269:1956
1264:1954
1259:1952
1254:1950
1249:1947
1239:1941
1234:1939
1229:1937
1224:1935
1219:1932
1214:1930
1209:1928
1204:1926
1199:1923
1194:1921
1189:1914
1184:1909
1179:1906
1161:2024
1156:2021
1151:2017
1146:2013
1141:2009
1136:2005
1131:2001
1126:1997
1121:1993
1116:1989
1111:1985
1096:1980
1080:Iran
1074:and
1025:2017
985:ISBN
961:ISBN
936:ISBN
862:ISBN
834:2015
694:Left
688:122
458:and
450:and
372:and
319:Iran
230:Left
50:1996
40:1988
1078:in
698:40
643:100
638:270
624:120
599:150
560:140
542:130
528:29
517:20
504:81
418:).
305:CCA
287:ACC
1613::
1014:,
1003:^
993:,
902:48
900:.
876:^
841:^
820:,
809:^
653:.
616:0
588:%
454:.
446:,
442:,
438:,
1057:e
1050:t
1043:v
944:.
912:.
870:.
613:0
493:%
384:.
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