1995 Vercors massacre

750:, he had only been in the position for a month. The investigation ultimately concluded that the two members of the group had killed the others and then themselves. This theory was reconstructed with animal remains and was agreed to be conclusive. They concluded that there was no external involvement in the massacre on the grounds of a lack of evidence. Fontaine's investigation was criticized at the time due to this decision. The investigation was done with limited resources, and Fontaine was not relieved of his other cases while investigating, which displeased the civil parties in the case. Some believed in outside involvement, particularly Alain Leclerc, the lawyer for several of the civil parties in the case, and the relatives of several of the victims, who believed that the actual perpetrators had escaped and had never been caught. On 17 November 1998, investigating judge Luc Fontaine presented the conclusions of his inquiry into the massacre. 575:Édith Vuarnet would withdraw 10,000 Swiss francs from a bank, immediately exchanging them for French francs. She was later picked up in a nightclub parking lot on the border of France and Switzerland, where her car was found abandoned. Her son would call Jean Vuarnet at 9:30 p.m. to ask where she was. At the time he was in Switzerland. The couple that survived was told that due to a setback the evening meeting was cancelled; they were possibly viewed by Bonet as not ready for the transit. According to one of them, her voice seemed normal and "cheerful" on the phone. At 9:50 p.m. Friedli would call Bonet a final time. He may have been the one responsible for picking up Vuarnet. By shortly after 10 p.m. most had left Geneva and all would arrive at the French village of Saint-Pierre-de-Chérennes in the 967:

case was preventable, he said that "othing, absolutely nothing, suggested that anyone would take up the torch and organize such a tragedy". This was disputed by Huguenin, who had previously alerted the police. Piller argued they had been investigating those killed in the transit, saying that many of those killed had been wiretapped or interrogated for many hours, and that nothing they had seen gave any concrete sign of a new transit; he said that Huguenin had not been able to give them any solid clues. At the same time the Geneva chief of police stated the opposite, claiming that they had no right to monitor anyone and that they had not monitored anyone in the Solar Temple. In a radio interview several months later, Piller stated that he had not had any responsibility in the deaths.

1033:, said he was still haunted by the case. He stated of the investigation that: "I sometimes think: shouldn't we have gone deeper into this aspect, or tried to emphasize another? But in this case, each door was followed by a corridor leading to 60 other doors! And the more doors we opened, the further we got from the heart of the case. An examining magistrate is not a historian or a specialist in occult movements." Fontaine defended his investigation's ruling that there was no outside involvement, saying there was no strong evidence that this had happened. He did however acknowledge that it was not impossible. According to him, there had been two "intellectually plausible" theories, either that "the group set up and executed its project based on its esoteric ideology", or that the 819: 917:

the dead was intact and showed no trace of fire. The civil party then asked for counter-expertise and questioned the theory of mass suicide. The plaintiffs, led by Alain Vuarnet, hoped to prove that Fontaine's investigation had been mistaken, and that the followers had actually been murdered by outside forces. At their request, forensics expert Gilbert Lavoué was asked to extract traces of phosphorus from the victims' exhumed remains (the test was requested to be conducted by the court, but this was rejected so it was done privately). The bodies were found to contain excess phosphorus, which Alain Vuarnet claimed was a sign that they had actually been executed with a

384:, 53 members of the OTS died in Switzerland and Canada, including both Di Mambro and Jouret. Many members of the group did not commit mass suicide, but were murdered in this incident. Following the deaths, the group gained worldwide notoriety. It was publicly believed that the group had disbanded, however, this was not completely true, as remnants would live on. Prior to their deaths, the group had mailed a final letter containing their message to the world. In the final testament letter, it is expressed that the departed members of the OTS would welcome any member who was "worthy" of joining them in the afterlife. An excerpt from this testament included: 476:, every Tuesday and Friday evening. Four members of these sessions would not die in the 1995 transit; according to these survivors, the new OTS had no structure and no individual leader. Members would meditate, though there was no strict practice. Sessions conducted in this second iteration were similar to those held by Di Mambro prior to the founding of the OTS. They would also discuss their dreams, and messages received "from the beyond" by members. One of these messages told the members that they would not be left to "live through a third world war", and that instead someone would come and get them prior. Messages were generally vague. 1012:

continuing activities, this rear guard activated and killed them, "to put a complete end to the group"; he claimed the Vercors group had not resisted as this was necessary "to get to Sirius". Thierry Huguenin believed that Di Mambro had left behind instructions for the second transit to some members of the group, one of which was Bonet, saying that "I am convinced that he left a will, verbal or written, for this second journey. I knew the man too well. He was so Machiavellian." The role of French police officers in the case lead some to believe that they were a sign of infiltration or outside manipulation of the OTS.

855:

interviewed and told of having been manipulated and fooled by Di Mambro. On the tenth day, the prosecutor demanded 5 years' imprisonment for Tabachnik's alleged role in the conditioning of the Temple's followers. The prosecutors said that Tabachnik's participated in two key meetings only a few weeks before the first massacres, what would be the last meetings, where the end of the Order and its replacement by an organization called ARC (Alliance Rose Croix) was announced, was a sign of wrongdoing. The prosecution painted him as one of the higher ups of the organization; the psychiatrist

739:

many chasms. The morning of the 23rd, the hunter attempted to lead the police to where he had noticed the smell, and shortly before 9.a.m. the bodies were found. Shortly after the bodies were discovered, Grenoble's public prosecutor Jean-François Lorans opened a judicial investigation into "murder and criminal association". He stated that "We consider that the circumstances in which these murders were committed imply a degree of preparation, deliberation and premeditation that fall within the notion of organized crime. We are dealing with a real criminal organization."

443:, which may have been in an effort to get closer to the OTS in Switzerland. Both men had been in Switzerland during the first transits, likely the people inside the car that had escaped from the Cheiry farm the day prior; Lardanchet was afraid that he was going to be prosecuted as the perpetrator of the Swiss massacres. Both men were called as witnesses in the trials in early 1995. While being investigated, Lardanchet claimed that he was not an OTS member. As no charges were ever filed he was allowed to continue his job. Also among the continued members were 559:

end of time, the times that were assigned to me on Earth are REVOLVED and I freely and voluntarily return to where I was from, to the dawn of time! It's difficult for earthlings to understand such a choice, such a gesture, to voluntarily put down their earthly vehicle! So it is with all those who carry light and cosmic consciousness, who know where they're going! May human consciousness become ever more open and subtly enriched by such an experience! The work is done, and we bring back with us the quintessence of a rich experience on planet Earth.

792:. Prior Swiss investigations had not established any connection between Tabachnik and the 1994 deaths; his own wife died in the earlier massacre. At the time of the investigation, due to the death of the two leaders in Salvan in 1994, Tabachnik was the only defendant in the case. Fontaine considered that Tabachnik, through his writings and his conferences, could have incited followers to commit suicide. He was therefore charged with participation in a criminal conspiracy to commit a crime. Fontaine placed him under examination on 12 June 1996 for 409:; journalist Arnaud Bédat described her as "a fanatic", "totally committed to the cult's ideology". Bonet had actually been a later arrival to the OTS than most of the members to die in the 1994 transit, joining in 1989. One of her friends claimed that the day Bonet joined the OTS, Bonet said to her "well, I hope we haven't joined a cult." She would later donate a 100,000 Swiss franc inheritance she received to the group, as well as her whole salary of 8,000 francs; she would not ask questions and did not express doubt of the order. 546:

early after receiving a call, and was seen by her coworkers as looking worried. It is not known how many of the members knew they were going to die. Thierry Huguenin's personal theory was that only four of the members knew of the plans for death, and that the others thought the Vercors trip was instead to encounter supernatural phenomena in which they would see Di Mambro materialize, which he viewed as the only thing that would have attracted them all to one place. The future transit was intended to bring them to the star

1021:

participate in the massacre, but it was later found out that the massacre had occurred after 1 a.m. Fontaine believed the vehicles the couple saw were the cars of the members, searching for the Lardanchets, late arrivals. There were some criticisms as to the extent of Friedli's involvement in the hypothesis put forward by the Grenoble gendarme. While the gun was to the right of Friedli, according to his family he was left handed. According to an independent expert consulted by Friedli's brother, looking at the

661:, police service weapons). In one of the cars belonging to the Templars, a paper was found that indicated the location of the victims. The circumstances leading to the deaths were very similar to the initial 1994 transit; all of the victims were Solar Temple members or their relatives, most of them had been drugged with sedatives, and they had gunshot wounds. Investigators concluded that of the sixteen dead, at least four had not died willingly. Half the dead were French, and the other half were Swiss. 413:

interviewed by the Swiss police the day after the transits, she acted "cold, distant, and contemptuous", denying she had known anything beforehand, saying the phone calls had been to "not dramatize the situation". She did however say that Jouret had called her the day prior to the transits, but described this call as one in which Jouret had "wanted to convey a lot of joy to me". In reality, according to his phone records, Jouret had called her eight times and had twice signaled her on her

52: 59: 908:, still accusing him of having, through his writings, pushed followers into a mass suicide, appealed the criminal court's decision. The appeal trial was requested to be postponed in 2003 following a criminal investigation into Abgrall over violations of investigation confidentiality. Vuarnet and Leclerc separately asked for the trial to be postponed so the investigation could be reopened over a new export report they had that showed excess traces of 930:, testified questioning the mass suicide theory. Tabachnik's lawyer argued his works were "esoteric ramblings" that could not have inspired the group's violence; he said that to punish him for "wild" ideas would be punishing him for the crime of having an opinion. The attorney general said his writings were so obscure that they could not have been made as a call to suicide; if they had been used as such it was unintentional. 66: 326:

Lardanchet and André Friedli shot and killed them, including in Lardanchet's case his own children, before setting the bodies alight. They then shot themselves. Several of those killed were likely unaware of the transit plans and had not consented in dying, though others had, and left notes behind declaring their intentions and desires in death. The bodies were found a week later following a

780:, Tabachnik had met Di Mambro in 1977, later becoming the president of the Golden Way Foundation, one of its precursor organizations. Later, Arnaud Bédat acquired photos claimed to directly implicate Tabachnik in the OTS's actions. This information was picked up by the media, leading Tabachnik to give a public denial. It was revealed that in September 1994, Tabachnik gave two lectures in 80: 554:

was an envelop containing a letter addressed to her son, in which she told him that: "Death does not exist and is pure illusion. May we always find ourselves through the inner life". Emmy Anderson had scattered rose petals through her apartment, and had left a will. This will indicated that she knew about the plans to die, reading in part:

947:

shock, stating "e can't understand why our little village was chosen for this tragedy". He theorized that the OTS members may have been trying to find the Well of Hell. The head of police in Geneva stated that he was surprised that the first investigation had not "opened the cult members' eyes" and that it was "a colossal waste."

455:

those members who were "last here" would be "the first in the afterlife". When she was interrogated by the French police, she claimed that she had actually left the OTS two years before the massacres, but she was evasive in answering the questions and not believed by investigators. Only a few days after the 1994 transit, she gave

921:. In the end, the forensic experts considered that this analysis added nothing new to the case and did not call into question Judge Fontaine's decision. UNAFDI's lawyer argued this theory was irrational, and that the families of the victims wanted to believe it because it gave a rational explanation where none existed. 451:, Édith being an Olympian in her own right. Patrick Vuarnet had been the person to distribute the original Testament letters for the 1994 suicides, after which he was questioned but not charged with any crime; he expressed to his brother that he felt guilty that he had not been in the first "transit". 946:

news in France. As both leaders of the OTS had died in the original transit, that the massacre had occurred provoked a significant response; due to the deaths of both leaders it had been unimaginable to investigators that the deaths would continue. The mayor of Saint-Pierre-de-Chérennes expressed his

870:

the members of the OTS into their beliefs and their deaths. When questioned, he declared that they were merely "amateur" writings, a set of notes that had been read to Di Mambro that he had liked and decided to make high-level teachings of the group. During the trial, no one could figure out what the

553:

On the night of 15 to 16 December 1995, the members would disappear from their homes. Four of them would leave notes; some expressed the wish to wish to "see another world". Found in Bonet's apartment was a blank sheet of paper, with the only words being "Blank page, everything is said." Alongside it

545:

alongside her daughter. Masson, preparing for the group meeting later, would also disappear for an event, likely with the Friedlis as her car would later be found near their home. André Friedli left work early, claiming he was ill, which his coworkers thought was odd; his wife would ask to leave work

421:

Another remaining member was André Friedli. A Swiss architect, Friedli was described as a quiet and calm man. He had joined the OTS after meeting his wife, Jocelyne Friedli, who introduced him to the group. Bédat described both of them as "otally under the influence of Luc Jouret". They both lived on

966:

André Piller, the judge who had presided over the investigation into the Swiss transit, was the subject of attention following the second incident. The French media criticized what they perceived as the "levity" of the Swiss justice system in dealing with the case; questioned over whether the second

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as payment for these writings; when asked by the judge if this had been fraud, he said that this money was for production costs for the writings and that he had already been cleared by the Swiss courts on this count. On 25 June 2001, the court acquitted Tabachnik, on the basis that there had been no

842:

of the justice system. The plaintiffs' side split into two camps; one camp, led by Alain Vuarnet, son and brother of victims Édith and Patrick Vuarnet, felt that the trial should not focus on Tabachnik's responsibility but on the investigation itself, which they felt had not been thorough. The other

734:

which then spread to other media outlets. After this leak, on the 22nd, while watching television reports a French hunter recalled that he had seen on the 16th of December several cars registered from other places parked in Saint-Pierre-de-Chérennes, along with many footprints going into the forest.

727:

Two days after this, on 18 December 1995, the mother of Ute Verona, worried, went to the police, as she had not heard from either Verona or her daughter in three days. A missing person report was filed in response, and two days later Verona's employer was contacted. A colleague, who had also had OTS

524:

On 12 December 1995, Bonet gathered the remaining members in her office. This gathering included most of those who would later be found dead. including among them Faucon, Anderson, and Édith and Patrick Vuarnet. It also included one couple who were not found dead in the massacre. This group did not

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police investigators who had interrogated him several months before. These police investigators did not listen, responding only in a reassuring fashion and expressing their amusement, as they viewed the OTS as a "closed case". About this time, the Friedlis told a relative that they would soon "leave

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This response was threatening enough that Bonet's mother sent someone to show it to Huguenin, who upon reading it was "completely shaken". According to the person who had sent him the letter, when reading the letter Huguenin noted it had "Jouret's language" and "Di Mambro's style". Huguenin took the

1025:

report, only two of the 21 shots fired could have been fired by a left handed person. Alain Vuarnet continues to believe in external involvement involving flamethrowers used to burn the bodies; a problem with this theory is that there were no other footprints besides those of the victims, and there

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on the bodies, which they mentioned at the opening of the trial in September. The trial was postponed to 14 June 2004, though the prosecutor's office said the phosphorus theory had been previously rejected in 2001. Tabachnik was tried again in a second trial beginning 24 October 2006. The appeal of

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Tabachnik said the writings had been symbolic, and that he had never imagined that anything in them could be used to justify death. Szpiner said the excerpts presented by the prosecution were "snippets" that had been "cut and pasted" out of context. Tabachnik had also been paid 192,135 Swiss francs

784:

at Di Mambro's request, in which the end of the OTS was announced. It was later said that Tabachnik had indeed taken part in these conferences, but without knowing the outcome of the massacres, and that it had been a set-up by Di Mambro. Tabachnik later sued Bouleau, unsuccessfully, for defamation.

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When the police arrived, these cars were found to belong to OTS members. They cordoned off the area and began to search for the missing Templars, with hundreds of police and several helicopters all participating in the search. The search was conducted in the rain, and the forest was very dense with

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blast to the head and also a bullet to the heart. Lardanchet's own children were two of those killed in the massacre. A single victim had died from three bullets to the heart, while Patrick Rostan was the only person to have been killed by two different weapons. Following the deaths, Lardanchet and

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discussing his time in the OTS, she wrote to Bonet expressing her concern. She worried that she would "find out about departure on television", attempting to reason with her. Bonet wrote back, ignoring her concerns, and said that Huguenin (referred to as "the unspeakable") would "know what justice

459:

over her banking account to a friend (also a member of the OTS). Anderson was a Dutch executive assistant. Unusually for the OTS, which had promiscuous sexual norms, she had never had sexual relations with anyone. To Di Mambro, she represented the "androgynous prototype that exists on Sirius". When

341:

was tried for allegedly having known of the massacres before and influenced the followers into death via his writings. He was acquitted in two trials in 2001 and 2006. The precise sequence of events is controversial, and various theories sprung up alleging outside involvement, though none have ever

1020:

registered in Switzerland speeding through the town. Another was the story of a couple who owned a house near the town, who had come across three high-end vehicles going towards the town, before 1 a.m. on the 16th. According to the police, the occupants of these vehicles would not have had time to

933:

The appeals court upheld the lower court's ruling, and he was acquitted a second time in December 2006. The judgment stated that there was no proof that he had knowingly participated in the organization of the deaths. Following his acquittal, Tabachnik stated in a press release that: "My innocence

916:

In the run-up to the second trial against Michel Tabachnik, the families of the victims filed a civil action. Having consulted the experts' files, the civil party claimed there were a number of inconsistencies in the investigation, such as the fact that the organic environment around the bodies of

636:

While lying on their backs, the members were then shot dead by Jean-Pierre Lardanchet and André Friedli. The two mothers with children (Marie-France Lardanchet and Patrick Vuarnet's partner Ute Verona) had likely resisted before the killing of their children, as prior to their deaths they had each

558:

To all those who can still hear and understand, life is an eternal movement, an infinite coming and going. The Eternal Present places us in a time relative to the earth and for a duration that belongs to the in-breathing and out-breathing of the breath of life. I, as the carrier of light since the

434:

Jean-Pierre Lardanchet and Patrick Rostan were both French policemen; Lardanchet had drawn his friend Rostan into the OTS in the first place after they met in 1990, where Di Mambro considered them both the group's "armed eye". On the police force, Lardanchet was known for his non-violent approach,

1011:

in 1995, he claimed that the second transit was actually murder by a secret "rear guard" left by the OTS to kill those who continued to practice. According to him, secret documents and tapes left by the OTS showed that that transit was supposed to be the final one. He believed that due to Bonet's

854:

On the seventh day of the trial, several former OTS members took the stand and testified. Among the testimonies given, some were shocked and angry at the cult and the acts committed, while others remained faithful to Di Mambro and to the transit to Sirius. On the eighth day, Tabachnik was finally

809:

Fontaine suspected that Tabachnik had known that the massacres were being prepared. Additionally, the writings that he had prepared for the group were alleged to have brought the members into a "homicidal dynamic". Tabachnik denied that he had any prior knowledge of the massacres, claiming he had

586:

According to the hypothesis of the Grenoble Gendarmerie, following this, the members would then exit their cars and enter the nearby Coulmes forest, where they would walk to their final destination. This required a walk of over a 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) over very steep terrain, in very cold

454:

Other remaining devoted members included the Dutch executive assistant Emmy Anderson and Mercedes Faucon. Faucon was a French retired teacher, an early follower who had done cleaning labor within the group. Di Mambro, attempting to appease her for having this lowly role, would often tell her that

412:

Bonet was involved in the first massacres, as the day prior to the "transit" she had called the employers of two members – Elie Di Mambro and Daniel Jaton, the former being her "cosmic" partner in the group – saying they were delayed, when in actuality both had already died in Switzerland. When

479:

These survivors claimed that the remaining members would not discuss transiting, but that many remaining members had dreams about those who had died and that "certain things" they were not responsible for. However, by the spring of 1995, a "transit" was possibly already being planned, with the

460:

questioned by police, she was not open with them, but declared that if she had been "called" to participate in the first transit, she would have done so; she praised Di Mambro as a "cosmic being" who had been a "bearer of a very different truth". Bédat described this pair as "the diehards".

325:

On the 15th of December, 1995, the members all received a call from Bonet, after which they abruptly left their jobs and families and drove to an isolated clearing in the Vercors called the Well of Hell. According to the standard hypothesis, the members were then drugged, before Jean-Pierre

954:

expressed their concern that the OTS had possibly infiltrated government agencies. France would form a government watchdog designed to fight cults; a child was removed from her mother's custody, temporarily, due to her past affiliation with the OTS. A spokesman for the Quebec cult-watching

299:, France. Two members of the group, Jean-Pierre Lardanchet and André Friedli, shot and killed 14 other members of the cult, including three children, before setting the bodies on fire and killing themselves. This was done in order to facilitate a spiritual voyage to the star 388:

We, the Servants of the Rosy-Cross, in view of the urgency of the present situation, affirm that we will be able to recall the last Servants capable of hearing this ultimate message . Know that wherever we are, we will always reach out to those who are worthy of joining

431:), while André was paired with Rose-Marie Klaus. Rose-Marie Klaus did not like André; she would later denounce the group entirely, complaining about them to the media. Following the 1994 transit, he appeared to reconcile with his wife, and they returned to Switzerland. 417:

in the days preceding the massacres. What they discussed is not known. She bemoaned the fact that she had not been selected for inclusion in this transit, expressing envy of Jaton, who she described to the police as having likely been a perpetrator of the 1994 massacre.

883:. However, the court claimed that they contained themes that were used to justify the massacre, speaking of a "transition" and "secret masters" on Sirius. Tabachnik told the court that he had been in the shadow of Di Mambro and had no responsibility for what happened. 913:

the prosecutor against the first acquittal did not ask for his conviction or acquittal, and did not argue for him being guilty or innocent. The prosecutor also stated that he did not appear to be an important member of the group and they had no proof to the contrary.

806:. Another member of the group, Claude Giron, a pharmacist, was also indicted for criminal conspiracy in February 1997, as he was suspected of supplying the drugs used in the killings to the group. The case against him was dismissed in July of that year. 426:

in Canada. After moving to Canada, Jocelyne lost her attraction to André. Jouret's remedy to this was through the OTS practice of "cosmic" coupling, and switched the pairings with another couple. Jocelyne was paired up with Bruno Klaus (later dead in the

498:

When the time comes, it's back to paradise. My brothers and sisters have already made this return, leaving their earthly vehicle here. I want to join them soon. On the other side of the veil, death is an illusion. Jo allows me to be who I need to

517:, in what was possibly a reconnaissance mission. Weapons were obtained by Jean-Pierre Lardanchet and Patrick Rostan. Writings from the group found by Swiss police had previously warned that the next mass suicide would occur on a solstice; the 1995 472:, which she said she had developed the abilities for following the 1994 transit. Other members were initially skeptical of her claims, but began to believe her. About 20 former templars met in the top floor of an old building, Bonet's workplace in 934:

has finally been recognized. I am emerging from eleven years of nightmare", and declared the whole series of trials "eleven years of slander, humiliation and dishonor". Tabachnik continues to deny any involvement in the planning of the massacres.

318:. Following this initial transit, the OTS was believed to be defunct, but was actually secretly continued by Christiane Bonet, a devoted member of the group. Bonet claimed that she could communicate with Jouret and Di Mambro in the afterlife as a 892:

significant or conclusive proof uncovered that Tabachnik had orchestrated the killings, and his writings accused of influencing the members into death were deemed unlikely to have influenced the members. Alongside this the judge threw out three

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was a front for some other reason for the murders, but that there had been no evidence for the latter. He described the victim's families as having been "terribly hurt", looking for a rational explanation for the deaths where none existed.

397:, it functioned to comfort the remaining members, showing them that their dead friends had not abandoned them, which served to convince them of the validity of their faith in the OTS: they were just being waited for "on the other side". 859:, called as an expert for the trial, said that Tabachnik's influence within the group was unclear. Szpiner argued that by the time the records showed the massacre was being planned, Tabachnik was no longer participating in the OTS. 983:

on cults in France came out. The report had more far-reaching recommendations than prior ones, with a harsher tone; the report did not mention the OTS, but the coincidence gave it increased prominence. According to cult researcher

728:

ties, told the police that the other followers had also disappeared. Following this the police investigation strengthened. They intended to keep the investigation a secret, but information was leaked to the Swiss newspaper

652:

The 14 bodies were laid out in a circle star or sunburst formation; the bodies of the other two were near them. The dead in the star were situated with their heads oriented towards the outside of the circle, with

512:

During this same time, André Friedli wrote his will. Friedli's relatives would later find in his home highly detailed maps of the Vercors. Early in December 1995, his car would be spotted there, in the village of

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There were also some testimonies by residents near the site that contradicted the main story, that there was no outside involvement. One woman claimed that she had seen on the night of the 14th three black

1214: 979:. Following his acquittal, Tabachnilk returned to being a conductor. The OTS case was noted as intensifying the French effort against cults. By coincidence, the deaths were discovered a day after the 2659: 1138: 480:

members looking for an ideal place to conduct it. A month after the first transit, several former members were seen together in a restaurant where the 1995 massacre would eventually take place, the

866:. These writings included 21 esoteric texts written between 1985 and 1992, which were distributed among the higher up members of the OTS. The prosecution said they had been used to "condition" and 31: 657:

on their heads. The bodies were charred. Near the bodies were amassed several objects, including medicine and flashlights but also guns (two .22 LR rifles and two 9mm pistols, one of which had a

322:, and gathered together the remaining OTS members, who would regularly meet together. In accordance with the previous writings of the OTS, she soon began to orchestrate a second "transit". 2440: 91: 587:

weather; with them were three children, aged 6, 4, and 2, alongside the thirteen adults. They would finally come to a small clearing and go down to a hollow within it, a natural

484:. The group around Bonet became more distinct, and members began to communicate to each other in a coded system through their pagers, avoiding phones except for basic things. 373:

with magical-arcane elements. They conceptualized the transit, or mass ritual suicide, as a ritual involving magic fire, where they would undergo a spiritual voyage to the star

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Following the deaths, Bonet gathered remaining members of the OTS. She convinced them that she had established contact with Jouret and Di Mambro in the afterlife, acting as a

2797: 439:. Lardanchet was heavily in debt, described as "dull, very withdrawn", while Rostan was described as "shy" and "fragile". At his request, Lardanchet had been transferred to 1188: 637:

been hit in the head with a blunt object. Their skulls had signs of fracture. Each child had been shot once in the forehead, while the adults were killed by a point blank

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who believed that Tabachnik and his writings were the cause of the mass suicides, and that cults must be eradicated. If found guilty, he faced up to 10 years in prison.

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the Earth", and that they were "waiting for a call". Later in the year, they visited relatives for a family celebration, who did not notice anything unusual about them.

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Even a month after the initial deaths, the remaining members of the Solar Temple began to meet up, centered around Christiane Bonet. Bonet was a 50-year-old Swiss

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letter as a sign that another massacre was being plotted; he had promised that he would not say anything about being shown the leader, but immediately told the

2430: 1461: 2700: 3726: 3952: 2991: 2729: 1521: 992:, a tribute to Di Mambro and Jouret's charisma; alternatively, both transits could have been driven by theological and group forces within the OTS. 579:

mountains, before driving up narrow roads to the Faz plateau. Saint-Pierre-de-Chérennes is a small town, then with about 300 inhabitants, west of

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resulted, many revolving around external involvement. One idea was that the members had actually been killed by the French government using the

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texts, called "indecipherable", were supposed to mean, including Abgrall. They incorporated many traditions and systems of thought, including

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had actually murdered them and then staged it as a suicide. Former member Hermann Delorme had his own theory; interviewed by cult researcher

1670: 3233: 3058: 2495: 2113:"L'affaire de l'Ordre du temple solaire revient devant la justice" [Order of the Solar Temple case returns to court] (in French). 4058: 3912: 3883: 3995: 2574: 3484:(2020). "The Solar Temple in Quebec and the Saint-Casimir "Transit"". In Palmer, Susan J.; Geoffroy, Martin; Gareau, Paul L. (eds.). 3210: 810:

only occasionally spoken at OTS conferences. He admitted to having been a member of the group, though he had initially denied it.

1177: 2856: 2145: 489: 3619: 3593: 4068: 3719: 3537:(2004). "The Solar Temple "Transits": Beyond the Millennialist Hypothesis". In Lewis, James R.; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (eds.). 2140: 959:

warned that the group continued to secretly operate, while former member Hermann Delorme said another transit might occur on the

529:. According to the surviving couple, nothing happened in this meeting except for an agreement to meet there again in three days. 2995:[Interview with Michel Tabachnik – "I dream that I get approached about music but it's always about the Solar Temple"]. 2948: 541:

preparations about this time. One member informed her family that she would spend Christmas in the Vuarnet family chalet in the

4098: 4053: 649:, both police service weapons. Friedli's body would fall into the fire, while Lardanchet's would fall facedown on the ground. 1067:

Spellings of many of the individual's names vary between sources; the spellings of the names as used in this article are from

924:

During the second trial, filmmaker Yves Boisset, director of a documentary on the case that contested the official narrative,

3694: 3582: 3552: 3524: 3499: 3470: 2177: 3987: 926: 4063: 3960: 2621: 4038: 3936: 3712: 2662:["Temple Solaire, l'enquête impossible": Gilles Bouleau recounts the case that turned his career upside down]. 735:

He had also noticed a smell "of burnt leather or human flesh", like "death". Following this, he reported it to police.

487:

During this period, Bonet was contacted by her elderly mother – having heard of former member Thierry Huguenin's book

4088: 3686: 3178: 2992:"Rencontre avec Michel Tabachnik – "Je rêve qu'on me parle de musique mais on en revient toujours au Temple Solaire"" 3968: 3649: 3485: 776:, indirectly declaring that Tabachnik was the mastermind behind the Vercors massacre. The conductor of many famous 26: 1247: 4048: 3821: 1139:"VIDÉO - Histoires criminelles : l'Ordre du temple solaire, 16 membres d'une secte retrouvés morts en Isère" 976: 428: 818: 4103: 4073: 3796: 2660:""Temple Solaire, l'enquête impossible" : Gilles Bouleau raconte l'affaire qui a bouleversé sa carrière" 788:

Tabachnik was investigated following the incident; Fontaine placed him under examination on 12 June 1996 for

642:

Friedli then poured gas over the bodies, setting them alight, before each shot themselves in the head with a

346:

were also propagated. The case, and the Solar Temple as a whole, inflamed the fight against cults in France.

327: 4083: 3920: 3629: 3603: 2469:["Temple Solaire: l'enquête impossible": Gilles Bouleau recounts the "unspeakable horror" on TMC]. 119: 2467:""Temple Solaire : l'enquête impossible" : Gilles Bouleau raconte "l'horreur indicible" sur TMC" 2347: 1757: 905: 514: 292: 107: 4108: 3811: 3538: 827: 381: 307: 3140: 834:

Museum-Library, which had been transformed for the occasion, the trial began. Tabachnik was defended by

423: 58: 4078: 51: 1466: 4113: 3928: 3735: 1141:[VIDEO - Crime stories: the Order of the Solar Temple, 16 cult members found dead in Isère]. 355: 276: 3135: 1908:"La sœur et le frère d'une victime témoignent: "Ils avaient dit qu'ils quitterant bientôt la Terre"" 1026:

was never a trace of any flamethrower. Many victim's families also believe in external involvement.

3534: 747: 3544: 3063: 2997: 1406:[Those fourteen months where everything played out: How the cult was rebuilt in Geneva]. 862:

During the trial Tabachnik was questioned for two hours about his writings prepared for the OTS,

4093: 4011: 3413: 3153: 2500: 1907: 1403: 1029:

Twenty years after the events, Luc Fontaine, now the president of the investigation chamber of

980: 3852: 3562: 1910:[A victim's sister and brother testify: "They had said they would leave Earth soon"]. 4043: 3431: 1925: 1421: 1217:[Tragedy near Grenoble: when a cult sacrificed 16 people, including three children]. 1215:"Tragédie près de Grenoble : quand une secte sacrifiait 16 personnes dont trois enfants" 537:

On 15 December 1995, Bonet called those who would later die one by one. Many were undergoing

950:

In the aftermath, officials of the French government and the Canadian hydroelectric utility

3873: 2954: 2807: 2386:[The investigation into the "suicide" of the Order of the Solar Temple is closed]. 2150: 760: 743: 597:, deep in the mountains and difficult to access; near this place was a location called the 588: 3509:

Hall, John R.; Schuyler, Philip D. (2000). "The Mystical Apocalypse of the Solar Temple".

730: 8: 3944: 3678: 3566: 3512:

Apocalypse Observed: Religious Movements and Violence in North America, Europe, and Japan

3510: 2143:[195. Order of the Solar Temple: an expert recounts the horror of the massacre]. 1055: 1004: 996: 658: 562:

My heart opens and sends powerful rays of love to all those I have loved and cherished.

343: 3837: 3574: 3491: 1675: 1183: 856: 3690: 3666: 3578: 3548: 3520: 3495: 3466: 3462: 3416:[New revelations about the Solar Temple: The keys to a programmed massacre]. 3030: 2959: 2505: 2357: 1767: 1680: 525:

include either Lardanchet or Rostan, and was also missing Dominique Masson, a French

456: 2800:[Order of the Solar Temple: Michel Tabachnik's acquittal upheld on appeal]. 1404:"Ces quatorze mois où tout s'est joué: Comment la secte s'est reconstituée à Genève" 1058:. Another source says that Lardanchet and Rostan had both been immigration officers. 3775: 3749: 3658: 1666: 773: 359: 338: 311: 4003: 3624: 3598: 3418: 1912: 1408: 711: 393:

This was viewed as a "call" by the remaining OTS members. According to journalist

3644: 3481: 2798:"Ordre du Temple solaire : la relaxe de Michel Tabachnik confirmée en appel" 1008: 985: 960: 835: 518: 406: 334: 306:

This was the second mass murder-suicide associated with the group, following the

3842: 3450: 3409: 3293: 2311: 1903: 1399: 951: 629:

river in a forest preserve. They sat in a circle around a fire, where they took

394: 3847: 3801: 3791: 3454: 3414:"Nouvelles révélations sur le Temple solaire: Les clés d'un massacre programmé" 769: 638: 630: 576: 481: 436: 370: 288: 200: 3662: 3487:

The Mystical Geography of Quebec: Catholic Schisms and New Religious Movements

2498:[TMC goes back to the heart of the Order of the Solar Temple affair]. 2141:"195. Ordre du temple solaire : un expert raconte l'horreur de la tuerie" 4032: 3806: 3770: 3670: 2963: 2509: 2361: 1771: 1684: 1252: 1017: 989: 803: 444: 178: 141: 128: 22: 3704: 3353: 3351: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3173: 2861: 3857: 2627: 2352: 918: 876: 654: 448: 310:, which had killed 53 members of the group, including both of its leaders, 284: 186: 3490:. Palgrave Studies in New Religions and Alternative Spiritualities. Cham: 3348: 3329: 3267: 3238: 3205: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 2734: 2579: 2471: 2409: 2407: 2348:"Conductor on trial over cult killings in France, Switzerland and Canada" 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1583: 1581: 1143: 1034: 893: 646: 367: 280: 207: 182: 2761:[Solar Temple investigation reveals world of secret societies]. 3754: 3265:[Filmmaker Yves Boisset questions the theory of mass suicide]. 2894: 2892: 2759:"L'enquête sur le Temple solaire révèle le monde des sociétés secrètes" 1464:[Order of the Solar Temple: twenty years ago, the apocalypse]. 1022: 956: 909: 793: 789: 777: 526: 469: 363: 319: 315: 3565:(2014). "The Order of the Solar Temple: From Apocalypse to Court". In 3103: 3091: 3079: 2928: 2916: 2904: 2680: 2595: 2535: 2523: 2404: 2248: 2227: 2029: 2005: 1932: 1865: 1841: 1785: 1719: 1578: 830:

and participation in a criminal association. On 13 April 2001, at the

772:

claimed that the group had survived and united behind famous composer

3516: 3263:"Le cinéaste Yves Boisset met en cause la thèse du suicide collectif" 2435: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1949: 1947: 1831: 1829: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1646: 1644: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1351: 1349: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1000: 867: 844: 839: 538: 440: 2889: 1275: 1273: 1271: 3298: 2802: 2763: 2705: 2664: 2388: 2384:"L'instruction du "suicide" de l'Ordre du Temple solaire est close" 2316: 2182: 1527: 943: 872: 831: 643: 580: 505: 3319: 3317: 2703:[Michel Tabachnik: "I feel a bit like a miracle worker"]. 2215: 2198: 2066: 2041: 2017: 1993: 1959: 1944: 1884: 1853: 1826: 1809: 1797: 1698: 1641: 1629: 1612: 1593: 1543: 1482: 1361: 1346: 1323: 626: 296: 111: 2632: 2496:"TMC replonge au coeur de l'affaire de l'Ordre du Temple solaire" 2114: 1268: 880: 822:

Grenoble's former museum-library, the location of the 2001 trial.

781: 3390: 3314: 2877: 2701:"Michel Tabachnik : "Je me sens un peu comme un miraculé"" 1462:"Ordre du temple solaire : il y a vingt ans, l'apocalypse" 888: 848: 547: 473: 374: 358:

was a cult active in several French-speaking countries, led by

300: 275:

On the morning of 16 December 1995, 16 members of the cult the

259: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1085: 447:

and Patrick Vuarnet, wife and son of gold medal Olympic skier

2859:["Tabachnik gave the signal" for the big departure]. 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1288: 975:

Two years later, five more members of the OTS would die in a

414: 3363: 3203:[Alain Vuarnet: "Justice has taken a wrong turn"]. 2260: 1983: 1981: 1762: 1555: 1030: 542: 1285: 1097: 303:, a "transit", as it had been in previous mass suicides. 3647:(October 1996). "Purity and Danger in the Solar Temple". 3571:

Legal Cases, New Religious Movements, and Minority Faiths

3459:

L'Ordre du Temple solaire: Les Secrets d'une manipulation

3059:"Temple solaire : demande de réouverture du dossier" 838:. Also defending was Carolyn Toby. They painted him as a 765: 3380: 3378: 2433:[Order of the Solar Temple: Tabachnik's tears]. 2431:"Ordre du Temple solaire : les larmes de Tabachnik" 1978: 742:

The investigation was headed by judge Luc Fontaine, the

3683:

Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe

3201:"Alain Vuarnet : "La justice a fait fausse route"" 3026:"Le chef d'orchestre à nouveau sur le banc des accusés" 1671:"Jean Vuarnet, a Downhill Skiing Innovator, Dies at 83" 565:

Don't be sad, but rejoice in our own conscious return!

3053: 3051: 3049: 3020: 3018: 3016: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 1313: 1311: 1178:"16 Burned Bodies Found in France; Cult Tie Suspected" 3375: 3236:[New expert report on the eve of the trial]. 2732:[The evidence against the OTS's pharmacist]. 1397: 995:

Due to several strange aspects of the incident, many

3879:

Centre intercantonal d'information sur les croyances

3061:[Solar Temple: request to reopen the case]. 1402:; David, Marc; Rochat, Christian (10 January 1996). 3618:Morath, Pierre; Lemasson, Eric (15 February 2023). 3592:Morath, Pierre; Lemasson, Eric (15 February 2023). 3449: 3357: 3342: 3046: 3013: 2822: 2730:"Les éléments qui accablent le pharmacien de l'OTS" 2254: 2242: 2221: 2209: 2087: 2060: 2035: 2023: 2011: 1999: 1972: 1953: 1938: 1890: 1878: 1859: 1847: 1835: 1820: 1803: 1791: 1738: 1713: 1650: 1635: 1623: 1606: 1587: 1549: 1525:[Two police officers under the influence]. 1495: 1372: 1355: 1340: 1308: 1279: 1068: 3171:[The return of the solar temple mystery]. 2990: 2947: 2620: 1520: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1176: 625:. It was located some 3,900 feet above the nearby 4030: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 3685:. Critical Issues in Social Justice. New York: 3617: 3591: 3116: 3097: 3085: 2934: 2922: 2910: 2898: 2883: 2857:""Tabachnik a donné le signal" du grand départ" 2686: 2625:[Tabachnik spared by the prosecution]. 2614: 2612: 2610: 2601: 2577:[Michel Tabachnik downplays his role]. 2541: 2529: 2413: 1661: 1659: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1233: 799:Bouc émissaire: Dans le piège du Temple Solaire 796:. In his defense, Tabachnik published the book 494:is reserved for him". In this letter, she said: 3160: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2460: 2458: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1208: 1206: 1132: 3907:Bibliography of the Order of the Solar Temple 3734: 3720: 3129: 3127: 3125: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2332: 2171: 2169: 2167: 1170: 1168: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1112: 896:put forward by the relatives of the victims. 3508: 3479: 3396: 3323: 2607: 2424: 2422: 2281: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1656: 1572: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1302: 1248:"Swiss conductor acquitted of sect killings" 1103: 1091: 797: 604: 598: 592: 3884:Parliamentary Commission on Cults in France 3209:(in French). 1 October 2007. Archived from 2940: 2779: 2455: 2287: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2093: 1522:"Deux inspecteurs de police sous influence" 1501: 1428: 1203: 610: 366:. Founded in Switzerland in 1984, it was a 3727: 3713: 3677: 3369: 3288: 3286: 3234:"Nouvelle expertise à la veille du procès" 3136:"Des zones d'ombre en série, 15 ans après" 3122: 2977: 2841: 2547: 2493: 2381: 2164: 1159: 1109: 568:May light and peace dwell in us forever. 3144:(in Swiss French). No. 96. p. 9 2952:[The Order of the Solar Temple]. 2756: 2419: 2345: 1896: 1766:. Vol. 147, no. 2. p. 45. 1744: 1378: 3913:Vie et mort de l'Ordre du Temple Solaire 3169:"Le retour du mystère du temple solaire" 3134:Sieber, Pierre-André (26 January 2010). 2757:Broussard, Philippe (24 December 1999). 2657: 2618: 2346:Chrisafis, Angelique (25 October 2006). 2146:Centre Contre les Manipulations Mentales 2121: 1665: 1212: 1054:Some sources characterize Friedli as an 817: 746:of Grenoble. Previously a prosecutor in 3283: 2464: 2382:Francillon, Claude (19 November 1998). 2138: 1518: 1459: 1174: 1136: 4031: 3643: 3384: 3232:Vézard, Frédéric (20 September 2003). 3231: 3166: 3133: 3028:[Conductor back in the dock]. 2988: 2854: 2727: 2572: 2176:Tenoux, Jean-Pierre (15 August 2006). 2175: 1175:Whitney, Craig R. (24 December 1995). 899: 3708: 3620:"Les survivants de l'OTS parlent 4/4" 3594:"Les survivants de l'OTS parlent 3/4" 3561: 3533: 3408: 3260: 2835: 2639:from the original on 16 December 2013 2428: 1987: 1902: 1755: 1317: 988:, the second transit may have been a 813: 3996:Temple Solaire: l'enquête impossible 3961:Violence and New Religious Movements 2699:Roux, Marie-Aude (8 November 2007). 2698: 2575:"Michel Tabachnik minimise son rôle" 2494:Siebenmann, Laurent (15 June 2022). 2443:from the original on 9 November 2006 753: 571:A being of light greets you in love. 400: 258:Theological concept of "transit" to 3138:[Gray areas, 15 years on]. 2139:Carrera, Tolita (25 October 2006). 1519:Inciyan, Erich (28 December 1995). 1460:Masliah, Denis (23 December 2015). 664:Those killed in the incident were: 13: 4059:20th-century mass murder in France 3937:How the Millennium Comes Violently 3294:"Conductor cleared of cult deaths" 2728:Vézard, Frédéric (24 March 2001). 2622:"Tabachnik épargné par le parquet" 2619:Lecluyse, Eric (31 October 2006). 2573:Vézard, Frédéric (24 April 2001). 2312:"Conductor cleared of cult deaths" 1191:from the original on 29 March 2024 1137:Demagny, Xavier (25 August 2018). 422:the OTS's Sacred Heart commune in 14: 4125: 3687:Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 3422:(in Swiss French). pp. 18–19 3358:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 3343:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 3261:Carle, Gilles (26 October 2006). 2658:Vermelin, Jérôme (17 June 2022). 2255:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 2243:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 2222:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 2210:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 2088:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 2061:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 2036:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 2024:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 2012:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 2000:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1973:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1954:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1939:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1916:(in Swiss French). pp. 24–25 1891:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1879:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1860:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1848:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1836:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1821:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1804:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1792:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1739:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1714:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1651:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1636:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1624:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1607:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1588:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1550:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1496:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1412:(in Swiss French). pp. 20–23 1373:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1356:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1341:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1280:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1069:Bédat, Bouleau & Nicolas 2000 1003:; another theory was that French 3969:The Mystical Geography of Quebec 3650:Journal of Contemporary Religion 3402: 3167:Durand, Jacky (14 August 2003). 2989:Borloz, Emmanuel (9 July 2022). 2429:Pueyo, Serge (25 October 2006). 2180:[Massacre at the cult]. 981:Guyard–Gest parliamentary report 758:On 23 December 1995, during the 722: 78: 64: 57: 50: 3988:Les Mystères sanglants de l'OTS 3628:. Episode 4 (in Swiss French). 3602:. Episode 3 (in Swiss French). 3254: 3225: 3193: 2750: 2721: 2692: 2651: 2487: 2375: 1756:Walsh, James (8 January 1996). 1061: 1048: 927:Les Mystères sanglants de l'OTS 591:. This location was called the 337:. Following the case, composer 224:16 (including the perpetrators) 4069:December 1995 events in France 3569:; Bellanger, François (eds.). 2855:Pivois, Marc (28 April 2001). 2465:Teynier, Marc (17 June 2022). 963:of 1996. This did not happen. 764:program on the French channel 620:Well of Hell' or 'the Hellhole 550:, as with the previous one. 1: 4054:1995 mass shootings in Europe 3953:The Order of the Solar Temple 1213:Maillard, Ugo (23 May 2023). 1078: 521:would occur on 22 December. 349: 328:missing persons investigation 3921:Les Mythes du Temple Solaire 3067:(in French). 22 October 2003 3034:(in French). 23 October 2006 2958:(in French). 17 April 2001. 937: 342:been substantiated. Further 7: 4064:Deaths by firearm in France 3540:Controversial New Religions 3457:; Nicolas, Bernard (2000). 3177:(in French). Archived from 3117:Morath & Lemasson 2023d 3098:Morath & Lemasson 2023c 3086:Morath & Lemasson 2023d 2949:"L'Ordre du Temple Solaire" 2935:Morath & Lemasson 2023d 2923:Morath & Lemasson 2023d 2911:Morath & Lemasson 2023d 2899:Morath & Lemasson 2023d 2884:Morath & Lemasson 2023d 2687:Morath & Lemasson 2023c 2602:Morath & Lemasson 2023c 2542:Morath & Lemasson 2023c 2530:Morath & Lemasson 2023c 2414:Morath & Lemasson 2023c 828:conspiracy to commit murder 687:Marie-France Lardanchet, 34 633:and were then unconscious. 532: 463: 435:often refusing to take his 161:December 16, 1995 10: 4130: 3543:(1st ed.). New York: 684:Jean-Pierre Lardanchet, 36 4099:Murder–suicides in France 4039:Order of the Solar Temple 3979: 3929:Les Chevaliers de la mort 3899: 3892: 3866: 3830: 3784: 3763: 3742: 3736:Order of the Solar Temple 3663:10.1080/13537909608580777 1758:"The Sunburst Sacrifices" 970: 826:He was tried in 2001 for 515:Saint-Pierre-de-Chérennes 356:Order of the Solar Temple 293:Saint-Pierre-de-Chérennes 277:Order of the Solar Temple 265: 254: 228: 220: 192: 172: 157: 118: 108:Saint-Pierre-de-Chérennes 102: 44: 39: 4089:Mass shootings in France 3397:Clusel & Palmer 2020 3324:Hall & Schuyler 2000 2282:Clusel & Palmer 2020 1573:Clusel & Palmer 2020 1303:Hall & Schuyler 2000 1104:Clusel & Palmer 2020 1092:Clusel & Palmer 2020 1041: 424:Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade 308:1994 mass murder-suicide 16:Cult mass murder-suicide 3630:Radio Télévision Suisse 3604:Radio Télévision Suisse 3573:. Farnham; Burlington: 3545:Oxford University Press 27:Infobox civilian attack 20: 4049:1995 murders in France 3154:e-newspaperarchives.ch 2178:"Hécatombe à la secte" 977:mass suicide in Quebec 823: 798: 605: 599: 593: 573: 501: 391: 291:, near the village of 244:Jean-Pierre Lardanchet 32:considered for merging 821: 556: 496: 386: 287:in a clearing in the 40:1995 Vercors massacre 4104:Religion and suicide 4074:December 1995 crimes 3679:Richardson, James T. 3567:Richardson, James T. 3563:Mayer, Jean-François 3515:. London; New York: 2151:Agence France-Presse 2117:. 19 September 2003. 843:camp was led by the 802:, with a preface by 761:journal de 13 heures 744:examining magistrate 699:Dominique Masson, 43 693:Curval Lardanchet, 2 690:Aldwin Lardanchet, 4 681:Jocelyne Friedli, 49 672:Christiane Bonet, 50 382:first 1994 "transit" 4084:Massacres in France 3980:Film and television 3945:Apocalypse Observed 3853:Jean-François Mayer 3412:(10 January 1996). 3399:, pp. 232–233. 3326:, pp. 148–149. 3213:on 19 November 2007 2504:(in Swiss French). 2257:, pp. 236–237. 2245:, pp. 234–235. 2038:, pp. 231–232. 2014:, pp. 230–231. 1990:, pp. 296–297. 1941:, pp. 229–230. 1906:(10 January 1996). 1881:, pp. 224–225. 1850:, pp. 223–224. 1794:, pp. 220–221. 1741:, pp. 240–241. 1590:, pp. 226–227. 1094:, pp. 218–219. 1071:, pp. 385–413. 1056:immigration officer 1005:anti-cult activists 997:conspiracy theories 900:Second trial (2006) 717:Patrick Vuarnet, 27 675:Mercedes Faucon, 62 344:conspiracy theories 138: / 106:Well of Hell, near 4109:Suicides in France 3838:Jean-Marie Abgrall 3492:Palgrave Macmillan 3372:, pp. 30, 61. 3302:. 20 December 2006 3064:La Dépêche du Midi 2810:. 20 December 2006 1676:The New York Times 1669:(3 January 2017). 1467:Le Dauphiné libéré 1256:. 20 December 2006 1184:The New York Times 887:from a company in 857:Jean-Marie Abgrall 824: 814:First trial (2001) 702:Patrick Rostan, 29 696:Enrique Massip, 46 606:le Trou de l'enfer 333:The case became a 142:45.0945°N 5.5000°E 86:Le Trou de l'Enfer 4079:Massacres in 1995 4026: 4025: 4022: 4021: 3822:1997 mass suicide 3696:978-0-306-47887-1 3584:978-1-4724-2874-5 3554:978-0-19-515682-9 3526:978-0-203-97766-8 3501:978-3-030-33061-3 3480:Clusel, Shannon; 3472:978-2-08-067842-3 3031:La Libre Belgique 3001:(in Swiss French) 1667:Sandomir, Richard 906:public prosecutor 754:Tabachnik's trial 731:Tribune de Genève 678:André Friedli, 39 669:Emmy Anderson, 52 457:power of attorney 401:Remaining members 273: 272: 4121: 4114:Trials in France 3897: 3896: 3874:About–Picard law 3776:Michel Tabachnik 3750:Joseph Di Mambro 3729: 3722: 3715: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3674: 3645:Palmer, Susan J. 3640: 3638: 3636: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3588: 3558: 3530: 3505: 3482:Palmer, Susan J. 3476: 3436: 3435: 3429: 3427: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3346: 3340: 3327: 3321: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3290: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3151: 3149: 3131: 3120: 3114: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3055: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3022: 3011: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2994: 2986: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2951: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2852: 2839: 2833: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2794: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2624: 2616: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2570: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2462: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2426: 2417: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2343: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2308: 2285: 2279: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2173: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2136: 2119: 2118: 2110: 2091: 2085: 2064: 2058: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1976: 1970: 1957: 1951: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1923: 1921: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1824: 1818: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1753: 1742: 1736: 1717: 1711: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1663: 1654: 1648: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1610: 1604: 1591: 1585: 1576: 1570: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1524: 1516: 1499: 1493: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1457: 1426: 1425: 1419: 1417: 1395: 1376: 1370: 1359: 1353: 1344: 1338: 1321: 1315: 1306: 1300: 1283: 1277: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1244: 1231: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1210: 1201: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1180: 1172: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1134: 1107: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1072: 1065: 1059: 1052: 942:The case became 801: 774:Michel Tabachnik 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 608: 602: 600:Puits de l’enfer 596: 360:Joseph Di Mambro 339:Michel Tabachnik 312:Joseph Di Mambro 236:Christiane Bonet 168: 166: 153: 152: 150: 149: 148: 143: 139: 136: 135: 134: 131: 93: 87: 82: 81: 75: 68: 67: 61: 54: 37: 36: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4029: 4028: 4027: 4018: 3975: 3888: 3862: 3826: 3797:Raymond Bernard 3780: 3759: 3738: 3733: 3703: 3697: 3634: 3632: 3608: 3606: 3585: 3555: 3535:Lewis, James R. 3527: 3502: 3473: 3455:Bouleau, Gilles 3440: 3439: 3425: 3423: 3407: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3376: 3370:Richardson 2004 3368: 3364: 3356: 3349: 3341: 3330: 3322: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3181:on 24 June 2013 3165: 3161: 3147: 3145: 3132: 3123: 3115: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3057: 3056: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3024: 3023: 3014: 3004: 3002: 2987: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2933: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2897: 2890: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2853: 2842: 2834: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2796: 2795: 2780: 2770: 2768: 2755: 2751: 2741: 2739: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2697: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2671: 2669: 2656: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2617: 2608: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2571: 2548: 2540: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2492: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2463: 2456: 2446: 2444: 2427: 2420: 2412: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2364: 2344: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2310: 2309: 2288: 2280: 2261: 2253: 2249: 2241: 2228: 2220: 2216: 2208: 2199: 2189: 2187: 2174: 2165: 2155: 2153: 2137: 2122: 2112: 2111: 2094: 2086: 2067: 2059: 2042: 2034: 2030: 2022: 2018: 2010: 2006: 1998: 1994: 1986: 1979: 1971: 1960: 1952: 1945: 1937: 1933: 1919: 1917: 1901: 1897: 1889: 1885: 1877: 1866: 1858: 1854: 1846: 1842: 1834: 1827: 1819: 1810: 1802: 1798: 1790: 1786: 1776: 1774: 1754: 1745: 1737: 1720: 1712: 1699: 1689: 1687: 1664: 1657: 1649: 1642: 1634: 1630: 1622: 1613: 1605: 1594: 1586: 1579: 1571: 1556: 1548: 1544: 1534: 1532: 1517: 1502: 1494: 1483: 1473: 1471: 1458: 1429: 1415: 1413: 1398:Habel, Robert; 1396: 1379: 1371: 1362: 1354: 1347: 1339: 1324: 1316: 1309: 1301: 1286: 1278: 1269: 1259: 1257: 1246: 1245: 1234: 1224: 1222: 1211: 1204: 1194: 1192: 1173: 1160: 1150: 1148: 1135: 1110: 1102: 1098: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1075: 1066: 1062: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1009:Susan J. Palmer 986:Susan J. Palmer 973: 961:summer solstice 940: 902: 836:Francis Szpiner 816: 756: 725: 720: 708:Tanis Verona, 6 622: 619: 616: 613: 535: 519:winter solstice 466: 407:psychotherapist 403: 352: 335:media sensation 250: 237: 235: 216: 175: 164: 162: 147:45.0945; 5.5000 146: 144: 140: 137: 132: 129: 127: 125: 124: 98: 97: 96: 95: 94: 90: 88: 85: 83: 79: 76: 73: 71: 69: 65: 62: 55: 35: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4127: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4024: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4016: 4008: 4000: 3992: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3965: 3957: 3949: 3941: 3933: 3925: 3917: 3909: 3903: 3901: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3848:Gilles Bouleau 3845: 3840: 3834: 3832: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3812:1994 massacres 3809: 3804: 3802:Jacques Breyer 3799: 3794: 3792:Neo-Templarism 3788: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3773: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3732: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3709: 3702: 3701: 3695: 3681:, ed. (2004). 3675: 3657:(3): 303–318. 3641: 3615: 3589: 3583: 3559: 3553: 3531: 3525: 3506: 3500: 3477: 3471: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3401: 3389: 3387:, p. 316. 3374: 3362: 3360:, p. 237. 3347: 3345:, p. 237. 3328: 3313: 3282: 3253: 3224: 3192: 3159: 3121: 3119:, 35:08–38:04. 3102: 3100:, 44:56–49:05. 3090: 3088:, 39:26–40:20. 3078: 3045: 3012: 2976: 2939: 2937:, 30:35–30:47. 2927: 2925:, 23:04–23:51. 2915: 2913:, 20:57–21:24. 2903: 2888: 2876: 2840: 2821: 2778: 2749: 2720: 2691: 2689:, 42:40–43:08. 2679: 2650: 2606: 2604:, 30:40–31:46. 2594: 2546: 2544:, 27:20–27:30. 2534: 2532:, 25:43–25:54. 2522: 2486: 2454: 2418: 2416:, 23:15–25:10. 2403: 2374: 2331: 2320:. 25 June 2001 2286: 2284:, p. 233. 2259: 2247: 2226: 2224:, p. 235. 2214: 2212:, p. 234. 2197: 2163: 2120: 2092: 2090:, p. 236. 2065: 2063:, p. 233. 2040: 2028: 2026:, p. 231. 2016: 2004: 2002:, p. 240. 1992: 1977: 1975:, p. 232. 1958: 1956:, p. 230. 1943: 1931: 1895: 1893:, p. 225. 1883: 1864: 1862:, p. 224. 1852: 1840: 1838:, p. 223. 1825: 1823:, p. 222. 1808: 1806:, p. 221. 1796: 1784: 1743: 1718: 1716:, p. 229. 1697: 1655: 1653:, p. 228. 1640: 1638:, p. 410. 1628: 1626:, p. 402. 1611: 1609:, p. 227. 1592: 1577: 1575:, p. 232. 1554: 1552:, p. 395. 1542: 1500: 1498:, p. 226. 1481: 1427: 1377: 1375:, p. 219. 1360: 1358:, p. 388. 1345: 1343:, p. 218. 1322: 1320:, p. 296. 1307: 1305:, p. 148. 1284: 1282:, p. 217. 1267: 1232: 1202: 1158: 1108: 1106:, p. 221. 1096: 1083: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1060: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1040: 972: 969: 939: 936: 901: 898: 815: 812: 770:Gilles Bouleau 755: 752: 724: 721: 719: 718: 715: 709: 706: 705:Ute Verona, 34 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 676: 673: 670: 666: 639:.22 Long Rifle 631:sedative drugs 534: 531: 465: 462: 437:service weapon 402: 399: 371:secret society 351: 348: 271: 270: 267: 263: 262: 256: 252: 251: 249: 248: 245: 241: 230: 226: 225: 222: 218: 217: 215: 214: 211: 204: 196: 194: 190: 189: 176: 173: 170: 169: 159: 155: 154: 122: 116: 115: 104: 100: 99: 89: 84: 77: 70: 63: 56: 49: 48: 47: 46: 45: 42: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4126: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4094:Mass suicides 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4014: 4013: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4004:La Fraternité 4001: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3898: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831:Investigation 3829: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3817:1995 massacre 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3807:Julien Origas 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3771:Edith Bonlieu 3769: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3730: 3725: 3723: 3718: 3716: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3698: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3642: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3625:La Fraternité 3621: 3616: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3599:La Fraternité 3595: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3464: 3461:(in French). 3460: 3456: 3452: 3451:Bédat, Arnaud 3448: 3447: 3442: 3441: 3433: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3410:Bédat, Arnaud 3405: 3398: 3393: 3386: 3381: 3379: 3371: 3366: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3257: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3228: 3212: 3208: 3207: 3202: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3163: 3155: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3118: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3099: 3094: 3087: 3082: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3000: 2999: 2993: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2956: 2950: 2943: 2936: 2931: 2924: 2919: 2912: 2907: 2900: 2895: 2893: 2885: 2880: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2838:, p. 49. 2837: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2809: 2806:(in French). 2805: 2804: 2799: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2766: 2765: 2760: 2753: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2724: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2695: 2688: 2683: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2654: 2638: 2634: 2631:(in French). 2630: 2629: 2623: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2603: 2598: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2543: 2538: 2531: 2526: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2490: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2461: 2459: 2442: 2439:(in French). 2438: 2437: 2432: 2425: 2423: 2415: 2410: 2408: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2378: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2354: 2349: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2256: 2251: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2223: 2218: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2152: 2149:(in French). 2148: 2147: 2142: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2116: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2089: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2037: 2032: 2025: 2020: 2013: 2008: 2001: 1996: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1974: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1940: 1935: 1927: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1904:Bédat, Arnaud 1899: 1892: 1887: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1861: 1856: 1849: 1844: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1805: 1800: 1793: 1788: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1662: 1660: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1637: 1632: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1608: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1551: 1546: 1530: 1529: 1523: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1423: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1400:Bédat, Arnaud 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1342: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1255: 1254: 1253:SWI swissinfo 1249: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1220: 1216: 1209: 1207: 1190: 1187:. p. 1. 1186: 1185: 1179: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1163: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1105: 1100: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1070: 1064: 1057: 1051: 1047: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1024: 1019: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 991: 990:copycat crime 987: 982: 978: 968: 964: 962: 958: 955:organization 953: 948: 945: 935: 931: 929: 928: 922: 920: 914: 911: 907: 897: 895: 890: 884: 882: 878: 874: 869: 865: 860: 858: 852: 850: 846: 841: 837: 833: 829: 820: 811: 807: 805: 804:Pierre Boulez 800: 795: 791: 786: 783: 779: 775: 771: 768:, journalist 767: 763: 762: 751: 749: 745: 740: 736: 733: 732: 723:Investigation 716: 713: 712:Édith Vuarnet 710: 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 667: 665: 662: 660: 656: 650: 648: 645: 640: 634: 632: 628: 607: 601: 595: 594:Serre du page 590: 584: 582: 578: 572: 569: 566: 563: 560: 555: 551: 549: 544: 540: 530: 528: 522: 520: 516: 510: 507: 500: 495: 492: 491: 485: 483: 477: 475: 471: 461: 458: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 432: 430: 425: 419: 416: 410: 408: 398: 396: 390: 385: 383: 378: 376: 372: 369: 365: 361: 357: 347: 345: 340: 336: 331: 329: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 268: 264: 261: 257: 253: 247:André Friedli 246: 243: 242: 240: 234: 231: 227: 223: 219: 212: 209: 205: 202: 198: 197: 195: 191: 188: 184: 180: 179:Mass shooting 177: 171: 160: 156: 151: 123: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 92: 60: 53: 43: 38: 33: 29: 28: 24: 19: 4044:1990s trials 4010: 4002: 3994: 3986: 3967: 3959: 3951: 3943: 3935: 3927: 3919: 3911: 3858:Jean Vuarnet 3843:Arnaud Bédat 3816: 3682: 3654: 3648: 3633:. 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1995 Vercors massacre

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