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1999 Major League Umpires Association mass resignation

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156:) were members of the MLUA. Thirty-four National League umpires sent letters of resignation through the MLUA, along with 23 umpires who worked in the American League. Within a week, several of the umpires moved to rescind their earlier actions. One of them, Dave Phillips, said that "Most people in that room thought they (the resignation letters) were going to be signed but not sent." He said that the umpires thought they could rescind any time before September 2, which was not the case. In response, Richie Phillips called his views "nonsense". The union filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court in Philadelphia on July 26, seeking to allow withdrawals. One day later, the MLUA's request for a temporary restraining order was turned down by Judge 141:, the resignations were intended to force negotiations with MLB to gain a new contract, effective at the start of 2000. Richie Phillips added that MLUA members stood to gain about $ 15 million of severance pay. The union intended to have the leagues negotiate in the future with a newly formed corporation, to be created after the mass resignation occurred. 164:
approach was required for the National League, which received one batch of rescissions; it opted to use "performance standards" in deciding which umpires to rehire. Overall, MLB accepted the resignations of 13 umpires from the National League and 9 from the American League. On August 3, the union filed unfair labor practice charges against MLB with the
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tallied the votes and revealed that the Organizing Committee had garnered 57 votes, as opposed to 35 for the MLUA. The MLUA appealed to the NLRB, but a hearing officer upheld the results on January 21. One final appeal was issued by the MLUA, but a three-person NLRB panel rejected it in February, and certified the
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Although the MLUA was no longer representing active umpires, it still did so for the 22 who lost their jobs. In negotiations for a new labor agreement, which was signed in September 2000, the MLUA turned down an offer from MLB owners that would have seen 13 umpires brought back. An arbitrator ordered
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A group of remaining umpires was critical of the mass resignation and moved for the creation of a new union and decertification of the MLUA in October; the Major League Umpires Independent Organizing Committee, the name the group went by, primarily consisted of American League umpires. The Organizing
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that umpires called during games. The commissioner's office ordered that pitches high in the zone be called strikes. This went against common practice and brought objections from the umpires and MLUA leadership, which believed that the collective bargaining agreement was being violated. The MLUA also
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was given a supervisor position. In late 2004, a labor agreement between MLB and the MLUA gave jobs back to three more umpires, while the remaining six gained severance pay. By that time, half of the terminated umpires were working again in MLB. One side effect of the WUA's formation was the end of
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The leagues hired a combined 25 replacements from the minor leagues and elected to rehire only enough umpires to reach their maximum allowed squad sizes, retaining their new hires. The American League brought back the 14 umpires whose rescissions were received by the league the fastest. A different
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Ballots were sent to all umpires in early November, allowing the umpires to vote on whether they wanted the MLUA or a replacement union to represent them. Those whose resignations had been accepted were sent ballots in the decertification election, as were the new hires. On November 30, the NLRB
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instead immediately hired new umpires and accepted 22 of the resignations. The union membership became fractured on the issue, and the umpires tried to rescind their resignations, but the MLUA was unsuccessful in retaining the jobs of the 22 umpires and the resignations were seen as final. The
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publicly supported the idea of a new union with different leadership; Brinkman said, "There's no room for Richie Phillips in this new organization." Phillips, along with his backers, criticized the umpires seeking his ouster, saying they were at fault for what happened in July.
179:, but both leagues turned it down. The MLUA then returned to U.S. District Court three days later, in hopes of obtaining an injunction against the leagues' acceptances of the resignations. Instead of the quick ruling the union was seeking, Judge 64:
After its certification in 1969, the MLUA had organized several strikes, including one before the playoffs in 1970. In addition, the union's members were locked out multiple times. One of these lockouts occurred at the start of the
133:. There, they held a vote proposing a strike, which passed; however, the collective bargaining agreement was still in place. With that in mind, the union decided on a different course of action: a mass resignation by umpires. 80:, the union was dealing with disagreements with MLB on a variety of issues. The league sought to make it easier to replace umpires, and proposed a restructuring of the umpiring system; instead of MLUA members answering to the 183:
desired negotiations between the sides, which he oversaw. On September 1, the parties agreed on a severance package, which confirmed the loss of the 22 umpires' jobs. The MLUA pledged not to strike in the agreement.
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in December 2001 that nine of the twenty-two umpires be reinstated, and MLB reached an agreement to do so in February 2002; four of the umpires retired with back pay. Three umpires were rehired by MLB in 2002, and
1490:"When in Doubt, Get Locked Out!: A Comparison of the 2001 Lockout of the National Football League Referees' Association and the Failed 1999 Resignation Scheme of the Major League Baseball Umpires Association" 1403: 110: 1140: 1372: 742: 641: 931: 1235: 1106: 1010: 101:, when it released a survey of players, which included umpire ratings, publicly. During the season, there were numerous disputes between umpires and MLB owners. One involved 706: 900: 1411: 979: 1494: 1433: 231:
Below is a table summarizing what happened to the 22 umpires whose resignations (during the mass-resignation effort) were accepted by the two leagues.
865: 1148: 1531: 172:, left the prospect of a strike open. In response, the presidents of the two leagues threatened to fire any umpire who took part in a strike. 1526: 1521: 1460: 752: 1541: 1516: 673: 1212: 651: 1323: 1204: 1181: 830: 98: 53: 1114: 1051: 939: 1243: 1018: 1536: 1265: 1074: 775: 1291: 714: 1349: 908: 39:
formally resigned by orchestrated letters in an attempt to force negotiations with MLB for a new labor agreement. The
1489: 225: 77: 73:
agreement. It was set to expire after 1999, and the MLUA became concerned that MLB would again lock out the umpires.
66: 176: 153: 137:, the MLUA's leader, announced on July 15 that 57 umpires would resign, effective September 2. According to umpire 28: 168:(NLRB). A week later, the MLUA dropped the suit it had filed in federal court in July. The president of the MLUA, 987: 165: 89: 1437: 1171: 802: 118: 963: 85: 44: 326:
Rehired in 2002; retired in 2014. Serves on the Board of Directors for umpires' charity organization.
1079: 207: 1380: 674:"Umps enforce new strike zone: MLB's plan to call high strikes gets aggressive start in preseason" 106: 390:
Rehired in 2002; became MLB all-time leader in games umpired in 2021; retired after 2021 season
138: 109:
after bumping a player. Another regarded the amount of pay owed to umpires who officiated the
1404:"Baseball; After Union Turmoil and Leagues' Merger, Choosing Umpire Crews Is a Balancing Act" 646: 555: 459: 70: 24: 160:. Later that day, the 42 umpires whose resignations were still active rescinded as a group. 1319: 587: 454:
Never returned as an umpire but worked as MLB umpire supervisor until he was fired in 2010
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of the MLUA and the formation of a new union, the World Umpires Association (WUA), now the
8: 1043: 678: 683: 1296: 747: 507: 491: 342:
Rehired in 2002; worked through end of 2010 season before retiring for health reasons
1176: 807: 379: 114: 36: 1141:"Baseball; Phillips's Tenure Is at Stake as Umpires Vote on the Fate of Their Union" 224:
separate umpiring staffs for the American and National Leagues. Beginning with the
180: 157: 582:
Retired with severance; never returned to major league umpiring, and died in 2017
566:
Retired with severance; never returned to major league umpiring, and died in 2016
550:
Retired with severance; never returned to major league umpiring, and died in 2006
1345: 294:
Retired with back pay; never returned to major league umpiring, and died in 2013
198: 134: 81: 49: 40: 395: 169: 145: 1434:"Upon further review: Arbitrator rules 9 of 22 fired umpires to get jobs back" 1510: 363: 347: 32: 411: 315: 194: 149: 130: 642:"Umps Toss Selves Out Miffed Over Suspension, Say They Will Quit Sept. 2" 475: 443: 427: 283: 220: 152:, who were barred from the MLUA after working as replacements during the 102: 93: 1436:. CNN Sports Illustrated. Associated Press. May 12, 2001. Archived from 866:"Baseball; The Umpires Change Their Call: They No Longer Want to Resign" 571: 539: 299: 251: 69:
and lasted for more than 80 games per team before the sides reached a
523: 331: 267: 1461:"Ken Kaiser, Colorful and Imposing Big League Umpire, Dies at 72" 598:
Retired with severance; never returned to major league umpiring
534:
Retired with severance; never returned to major league umpiring
518:
Retired with severance; never returned to major league umpiring
310:
Retired with back pay; never returned to major league umpiring
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Retired with back pay; never returned to major league umpiring
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Retired with back pay; never returned to major league umpiring
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University of Pennsylvania Journal of Labor and Employment Law
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Committee's main motivation was to force out Richie Phillips.
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because they had a labor agreement in place at the time, 57
1047: 743:"Baseball; Baseball Prepared to Accept Umps' Resignations" 31:(MLUA), the official umpires union at the time. Unable to 1205:"Baseball; Labor Board Decides Against Richie Phillips" 1373:"Umpires Are Getting Chance to Make Up for a Bad Call" 831:"Baseball; Two Umpires Still Aren't Allowed to Forget" 175:
On August 27, the MLUA requested arbitration from the
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1999 Major League Umpires Association mass resignation
1107:"Baseball; Umpires to Vote on Representation by Mail" 1044:"Report: Umps, baseball reach deal, but 22 jobs lost" 1011:"Baseball; Umpires May Strike, So Both Sides Prepare" 932:"Baseball; Umpires File Charges Over Their Lost Jobs" 1236:"Baseball; Umpires Get New Union as Phillips Is Out" 187: 105:, who was suspended for three days by NL president 1320:"Five umpires will return; back pay still pending" 776:"Baseball sequel for '99: The umpire strikes back" 682:. Associated Press. March 10, 1999. Archived from 438:Rehired in 2002 with no back pay; retired in 2022 422:Rehired in 2002 with no back pay; retired in 2022 1508: 707:"Baseball; Umpires Threaten To Quit On Sept. 2" 358:Rehired in 2002; retired in 2007 after injury 1348:. ESPN. Associated Press. December 24, 2004. 1346:"Six more will split $ 2.3M in severance pay" 1322:. ESPN. Associated Press. February 28, 2002. 1292:"Umpires OK new pact; 22 remain without job" 901:"Baseball; Thirteen N.L. Umpires Eliminated" 615: 613: 228:, every umpire would work in both leagues. 88:, MLB wanted them under the control of the 27:(MLB) umpires, including 66 members of the 736: 734: 732: 129:On July 14, the umpires held a meeting in 99:Major League Baseball Players Association 92:. In addition, MLB wanted changes in the 54:Major League Baseball Umpires Association 1458: 1134: 1132: 610: 144:Out of the 68 MLB umpires, all but two ( 16:1999 Major League Baseball labor dispute 1100: 1098: 1038: 1036: 729: 1509: 1487: 800: 639: 635: 633: 631: 629: 627: 625: 1532:Major League Baseball labor relations 1459:Sandomir, Richard (August 11, 2017). 1401: 1370: 1352:from the original on February 8, 2023 1233: 1202: 1184:from the original on October 21, 2012 1172:"Umpires Replace Phillips, His Union" 1169: 1138: 1129: 1104: 1054:from the original on October 31, 2021 1008: 929: 898: 863: 828: 773: 740: 704: 1527:Major League Baseball labor disputes 1095: 1072: 1033: 977: 666: 1522:Major League Baseball controversies 1371:Chass, Murray (December 28, 2004). 1234:Chass, Murray (February 25, 2000). 622: 13: 1326:from the original on July 31, 2017 1203:Chass, Murray (January 22, 2000). 1139:Chass, Murray (November 3, 1999). 1105:Chass, Murray (October 29, 1999). 1075:"Umps petition to decertify union" 980:"Umps Can't Make Call On Strategy" 782:. Associated Press. pp. D1–D2 774:Armas, Genaro C. (July 15, 1999). 14: 1553: 1542:Sports officiating labor disputes 1517:1999 Major League Baseball season 1073:Blum, Ronald (October 13, 1999). 1009:Chass, Murray (August 28, 1999). 961:"Baseball umpires drop lawsuit". 829:Curry, Jack (December 23, 1994). 502:Rehired in 2005; retired in 2023 486:Rehired in 2005; retired in 2022 470:Rehired in 2005; retired in 2016 406:Rehired in 2002 with no back pay 210:(WUA) as the umpires' new union. 188:MLUA division and decertification 1272:. February 25, 2000. p. 18A 978:Hill, Thomas (August 27, 1999). 930:Chass, Murray (August 4, 1999). 177:American Arbitration Association 29:Major League Umpires Association 1481: 1452: 1426: 1402:Chass, Murray (April 3, 2000). 1395: 1364: 1338: 1312: 1300:. September 2, 2000. p. C8 1284: 1258: 1227: 1196: 1170:Brown, Tim (December 1, 1999). 1163: 1066: 1002: 971: 954: 923: 899:Chass, Murray (July 30, 1999). 892: 883: 864:Chass, Murray (July 28, 1999). 857: 741:Chass, Murray (July 22, 1999). 705:Chass, Murray (July 15, 1999). 124: 1083:. Associated Press. p. 7B 848: 822: 803:"Umpires' Unanimity Dwindling" 801:Newhan, Ross (July 20, 1999). 794: 767: 698: 640:Madden, Bill (July 15, 1999). 166:National Labor Relations Board 23:was a labor tactic used by 68 1: 1537:Major League Baseball umpires 967:. August 11, 1999. p. 2. 604: 59: 213: 119:Cuban national baseball team 97:had a complaint against the 7: 1266:"New umpire union ratified" 10: 1558: 1488:Alcaro, Frederick (2003). 964:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 208:World Umpires Association 1151:on September 15, 2017 1117:on September 11, 2017 1050:. September 2, 1999. 71:collective bargaining 25:Major League Baseball 686:on November 13, 2017 154:1979 umpires' strike 48:incident led to the 1270:Today's News-Herald 1215:on October 21, 2012 990:on October 21, 2021 984:New York Daily News 717:on October 21, 2021 679:Amarillo Globe-News 647:New York Daily News 1465:The New York Times 1408:The New York Times 1377:The New York Times 1240:The New York Times 1209:The New York Times 1145:The New York Times 1111:The New York Times 1015:The New York Times 936:The New York Times 905:The New York Times 870:The New York Times 835:The New York Times 748:The New York Times 711:The New York Times 1414:on March 29, 2023 1177:Los Angeles Times 808:Los Angeles Times 602: 601: 243:Employer in 1999 115:Baltimore Orioles 1549: 1503: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1410:. Archived from 1399: 1393: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1383:on July 31, 2017 1379:. Archived from 1368: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1297:The Toledo Blade 1288: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1246:on March 4, 2023 1242:. Archived from 1231: 1225: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1211:. Archived from 1200: 1194: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1147:. Archived from 1136: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1113:. Archived from 1102: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1070: 1064: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1040: 1031: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1021:on June 19, 2018 1017:. Archived from 1006: 1000: 999: 997: 995: 986:. Archived from 975: 969: 968: 958: 952: 951: 949: 947: 942:on June 19, 2018 938:. Archived from 927: 921: 920: 918: 916: 911:on June 19, 2018 907:. Archived from 896: 890: 887: 881: 880: 878: 876: 861: 855: 852: 846: 845: 843: 841: 826: 820: 819: 817: 815: 798: 792: 791: 789: 787: 780:The Deseret News 771: 765: 764: 762: 760: 755:on June 19, 2018 751:. Archived from 738: 727: 726: 724: 722: 713:. Archived from 702: 696: 695: 693: 691: 670: 664: 663: 661: 659: 654:on June 19, 2018 650:. Archived from 637: 620: 617: 374:Rehired in 2002 234: 233: 181:J. Curtis Joyner 158:Edmund V. Ludwig 111:exhibition games 86:National Leagues 45:National Leagues 1557: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1507: 1506: 1484: 1479: 1469: 1467: 1457: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1440:on June 6, 2014 1432: 1431: 1427: 1417: 1415: 1400: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1369: 1365: 1355: 1353: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1303: 1301: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1275: 1273: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1249: 1247: 1232: 1228: 1218: 1216: 1201: 1197: 1187: 1185: 1168: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1137: 1130: 1120: 1118: 1103: 1096: 1086: 1084: 1071: 1067: 1057: 1055: 1042: 1041: 1034: 1024: 1022: 1007: 1003: 993: 991: 976: 972: 960: 959: 955: 945: 943: 928: 924: 914: 912: 897: 893: 889:Alcaro, p. 343. 888: 884: 874: 872: 862: 858: 854:Alcaro, p. 342. 853: 849: 839: 837: 827: 823: 813: 811: 799: 795: 785: 783: 772: 768: 758: 756: 739: 730: 720: 718: 703: 699: 689: 687: 672: 671: 667: 657: 655: 638: 623: 619:Alcaro, p. 341. 618: 611: 607: 216: 199:John Hirschbeck 190: 135:Richie Phillips 127: 107:Leonard Coleman 78:1999 MLB season 62: 50:decertification 17: 12: 11: 5: 1555: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1505: 1504: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1451: 1425: 1394: 1363: 1337: 1311: 1283: 1257: 1226: 1195: 1162: 1128: 1094: 1080:The Daily News 1065: 1032: 1001: 970: 953: 922: 891: 882: 856: 847: 821: 793: 766: 728: 697: 665: 621: 608: 606: 603: 600: 599: 596: 593: 590: 584: 583: 580: 577: 574: 568: 567: 564: 561: 558: 552: 551: 548: 545: 542: 536: 535: 532: 529: 526: 520: 519: 516: 513: 510: 504: 503: 500: 497: 494: 488: 487: 484: 481: 478: 472: 471: 468: 465: 462: 456: 455: 452: 449: 446: 440: 439: 436: 433: 430: 424: 423: 420: 417: 414: 408: 407: 404: 401: 398: 396:Bruce Dreckman 392: 391: 388: 385: 382: 376: 375: 372: 369: 366: 360: 359: 356: 353: 350: 344: 343: 340: 337: 334: 328: 327: 324: 321: 318: 312: 311: 308: 305: 302: 296: 295: 292: 289: 286: 280: 279: 276: 273: 270: 264: 263: 260: 257: 254: 248: 247: 244: 241: 238: 215: 212: 189: 186: 170:Jerry Crawford 146:Derryl Cousins 126: 123: 61: 58: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1554: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1502:(2): 335–361. 1501: 1497: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1485: 1466: 1462: 1455: 1439: 1435: 1429: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1398: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1367: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1325: 1321: 1315: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1287: 1271: 1267: 1261: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1230: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1199: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1166: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1135: 1133: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1101: 1099: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1069: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1039: 1037: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1005: 989: 985: 981: 974: 966: 965: 957: 941: 937: 933: 926: 910: 906: 902: 895: 886: 871: 867: 860: 851: 836: 832: 825: 810: 809: 804: 797: 781: 777: 770: 754: 750: 749: 744: 737: 735: 733: 716: 712: 708: 701: 685: 681: 680: 675: 669: 653: 649: 648: 643: 636: 634: 632: 630: 628: 626: 616: 614: 609: 597: 594: 591: 589: 586: 585: 581: 578: 575: 573: 570: 569: 565: 562: 559: 557: 554: 553: 549: 546: 543: 541: 538: 537: 533: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 517: 514: 511: 509: 506: 505: 501: 498: 495: 493: 490: 489: 485: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 469: 466: 463: 461: 458: 457: 453: 450: 447: 445: 442: 441: 437: 434: 431: 429: 426: 425: 421: 418: 415: 413: 410: 409: 405: 402: 399: 397: 394: 393: 389: 386: 383: 381: 378: 377: 373: 370: 367: 365: 364:Larry Vanover 362: 361: 357: 354: 351: 349: 348:Larry Poncino 346: 345: 341: 338: 335: 333: 330: 329: 325: 322: 319: 317: 314: 313: 309: 306: 303: 301: 298: 297: 293: 290: 287: 285: 282: 281: 277: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 261: 258: 255: 253: 250: 249: 245: 242: 239: 236: 235: 232: 229: 227: 222: 211: 209: 203: 200: 196: 185: 182: 178: 173: 171: 167: 161: 159: 155: 151: 147: 142: 140: 139:Dave Phillips 136: 132: 122: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 76:Entering the 74: 72: 68: 57: 55: 51: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 1499: 1493: 1482:Bibliography 1468:. 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Index

Major League Baseball
Major League Umpires Association
strike
umpires
American
National Leagues
decertification
Major League Baseball Umpires Association
1995 season
collective bargaining
1999 MLB season
American
National Leagues
commissioner
strike zone
Major League Baseball Players Association
Tom Hallion
Leonard Coleman
exhibition games
Baltimore Orioles
Cuban national baseball team
Philadelphia
Richie Phillips
Dave Phillips
Derryl Cousins
John Shulock
1979 umpires' strike
Edmund V. Ludwig
National Labor Relations Board
Jerry Crawford

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