633:
30:
725:
545:
739:
753:
359:
421:
697:
683:
619:
807:
587:
605:
559:
573:
711:
647:
665:
531:
51:
37:
455:, Algeria's state-owned railway company, suffered track damage near the town of Thénia. Some tracks were also blocked by debris of destroyed buildings. Eighteen bridges in the affected region had minor to moderate damage. Cracks developed in some roads and highways. The port of Algiers, which at that time handled approximately 40% of the national cargo traffic, suffered light to moderate damage due to
777:
There was anger among the survivors over the fact that the local authorities did not provide them with temporary shelters. Government officials virtually did not take part in the relief efforts, but
Islamic charities tried to provide quick assistance. The inability of the state to effectively respond
782:
to build earthquake-proof buildings and several buildings lacked the architecture to withstand earthquakes. New housing blocks constructed by the government and by individual builders were destroyed by the quake, but private building from the French period withstood the earthquake. This was another
428:
According to the
Algerian Ministry of Housing, in the Algiers Province only approximately 554 schools suffered light damage, while nearly 330 schools received moderate damage and 11 were heavily damaged or completely destroyed. The University of Boumerdès was severely damaged, and many buildings in
498:
Many nations sent rescue teams to help in the search for earthquake survivors. International teams of relief workers went to the spot and became involved in rescuing people still trapped under rubble. International relief agencies engaged in supplies like shelter, food and water to the people who
348:
The earthquake occurred in the boundary region between the
Eurasian plate and the African plate. Along this section of the plate boundary, the African plate is moving northwestward against the Eurasian plate with a velocity of about 6 mm per year. The relative plate motions create a compressional
539:: Jacques Chirac expressed the sympathy and solidarity of the French people and promised all necessary aid. France immediately provided human and material assistance. Transall aircraft of the Air Force took off with rescue specialists, followed by firefighters from Marseille and medical units.
408:
was the hardest-hit region. According to officials, roughly 400 people were killed in
Algiers only. In the Boumerdès Province, several cities were heavily damaged, with Thénia, Zemmouri, and Boumerdès, being the worst affected. Many buildings built in the early twentieth century during the
518:
announced an aid of $ 7,000 for each victim. The government dispatched several ambulances, police personnel and electrical workers into the affected area. Tents, ambulances and engineering equipment were brought by the army. Water trucks were dispatched to the quake affected villages.
795:("murdering power"). Prime Minister Ouyahia expressed the view of possibility of corruption in the construction sector. A commission of inquiry was set up by the government to investigate the faulty construction of several buildings which collapsed in the quake.
448:
to the water treatment plant was broken at a concrete junction structure at the dam, as well as at the treatment plant. The main power plant in Cap Djenet suffered minor to moderate damage. A high voltage switch yard located near Réghaïa had heavy damage.
365:
Approximately 2,266 people died, 10,261 injured, and 200,000 left homeless as a result of the earthquake. Reports indicate more than 1,243 buildings were completely or partially destroyed. Infrastructure was predictably damaged in
Algiers,
340:, many earthquakes occurred in the region. The mechanism of the earthquake on May 21 corresponds to a northeast-striking thrust fault named Zemmouri fault which was identified for the first time after this earthquake. According to the
641:: The People's Republic of China dispatched a team of rescue workers from the China International Search and Rescue (CISAR), PRC's main organization for international earthquake rescue work, to Algeria to search for survivors.
378:; roads in Algeria are generally of high quality, but many city streets and local roads were difficult to traverse because of debris from collapsed buildings. Bridges are constructed similarly to those in the US, with
790:
and
Minister of State for the Interior and Local Authorities, Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni, tried to visit some affected regions. A crowd kicked and stoned the car of Bouteflika when he visited Boumerdès shouting
349:
tectonic environment, in which earthquakes occur by thrust-faulting and strike-slip faulting. Analysis of seismic waves generated by this earthquake shows that it occurred as the result of thrust-faulting.
778:
to the disaster led to widespread criticism. The effects of the earthquake became worse because the construction industry in
Algeria did not apply rigorous safety standards of
511:
donated $ 50,000. Trucks were called into service to remove dead bodies from
Algiers and surrounding towns and villages. Army units were deployed to assist the relief effort.
783:
cause of public anger. Some people claimed that officials saved money by using below-standard material in construction projects. Many angry protesters threw debris when
627:: Pakistan sent relief goods for the earthquake victims. A special flight containing 2,500 blankets, 200 tents and 31 cartons of medicines was dispatched to Algeria.
390:
486:, Zemmouri and Tidjelabine were damaged. Submarine telecommunication cables also suffered damage. Two underwater fiber optic cables between Algeria and
504:
2293:
1958:
921:
1634:
1698:
1660:
1023:
1269:
29:
463:
caused by the earthquake. Port operations was reportedly reduced by 30% immediately after the quake. The minor ports in
Zemmouri and
2419:
659:
with expert equipment, maintaining readiness to send further reinforcements, and the Polish
Medical Mission sent medical supplies.
953:
883:
150:
389:
deck. A few days after the earthquake, three major highway bridges were still closed. The last highway bridge to open was the
1610:
1588:
1566:
1549:
1531:
1509:
1492:
1474:
220:
2286:
2424:
2353:
2164:
1951:
507:
co-ordinated the relief efforts. Medical and rescue teams were dispatched from European countries. The Red Cross of the
2409:
2384:
1856:
866:
74:
1338:
1691:
1033:
977:
733:: Switzerland sent sniffer dogs to search survivors. A 90-member recovery team was dispatched to the Boumerdès area.
1903:
917:
88:
2399:
2279:
2199:
2110:
960:
889:
341:
444:
and Algiers, suffered light damage to the clarifiers and clear water storage tanks. The water pipeline from the
2302:
1944:
825:
762:
482:
area of Algiers completely destroyed and another 20,000 switch office was heavily damaged. Central offices in
2158:
508:
2394:
2414:
2363:
2223:
2140:
1684:
893:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1635:
The Boumerdes (Algeria) Earthquake of May 21, 2003: Preliminary Reconnaissance Using Remotely Sensed Data
820:
1862:
1200:
2241:
2205:
2193:
2074:
1897:
830:
63:
2389:
2328:
2211:
2033:
2027:
1979:
1891:
1839:
1640:
1252:
1179:
512:
1781:
1039:
478:
The earthquake had significant effect on local communication. An 8,000 switch central office in the
2338:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2217:
2116:
2104:
835:
305:
281:
239:
1364:
2348:
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2313:
2152:
2134:
2092:
2062:
1991:
1822:
1799:
1764:
1321:
1299:
911:
460:
185:
1310:
909:
2404:
2235:
2181:
2128:
2122:
2080:
2056:
2050:
2009:
2003:
1885:
1727:
779:
277:
127:
93:
1656:
80:
2333:
2323:
2146:
2068:
2021:
1997:
1868:
1816:
1744:
1580:
429:
the area collapsed. Damage was also reported to the University of Science and Technology in
325:
1002:
405:
304:. The quake was the strongest to hit Algeria in more than twenty years – since 1980, when a
297:
2318:
2098:
2086:
2015:
787:
784:
205:
8:
2229:
1985:
1909:
1520:
553:: Canada pledged approximately $ 150,000 for search and rescue works to find survivors.
950:
1606:
1584:
1562:
1545:
1527:
1505:
1488:
1470:
1325:
1029:
456:
1389:
925:
472:
414:
401:
1670:
1625:
981:
957:
333:
1231:
812:
765:
744:
410:
337:
321:
2378:
758:
515:
500:
468:
382:
317:
165:
152:
702:
688:
371:
358:
1676:
975:
Building performance in the Boumerdes, Algeria, Earthquake of May 21, 2003
974:
441:
420:
413:
suffered heavy damage in the Belcourt, Bab-El-Oued and El-Casbah areas in
367:
2271:
910:
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972),
730:
445:
430:
1936:
860:
768:
assured Bouteflika of "the support and friendship of the United States".
691:: Saudi Arabia sent aircraft carrying 102 tons of foodstuffs and tents.
479:
1390:
Epidemics, Looting Loom as New Threats to Algeria Earthquake Survivors
1666:
1602:
1256:
929:
490:
received heavy damage due to undersea landslide caused by the quake.
483:
437:
289:
656:
375:
293:
1645:
1500:
1393:
1094:
1082:
1070:
624:
386:
610:
596:
592:
578:
397:
379:
301:
273:
195:
716:
674:
670:
652:
550:
536:
464:
329:
613:: Morocco sent a medical team along with medicines to Algeria.
404:. The eastern side of Algiers was affected most; overall, the
1300:
Earthquake -ridden Algeria receives aid from around the world
638:
564:
487:
1483:
Oliveira, Carlos Sousa; Roca, Antoni; Xavier, Goula (2006),
862:
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009)
503:
sent to Algeria to find survivors trapped under rubble. The
567:: Egypt sent a team of physicians and medicines to Algeria.
452:
440:, which provides more than 12% of the treated water to the
1295:
1293:
1291:
1006:
316:
Northern Algeria is situated at the boundary between the
1652:
1311:
Pakistan s relief goods for Algeria's earthquake victims
581:: Germany sent 25 rescue workers to the affected region.
1288:
328:. This zone of compression manifests itself by several
433:, which has the largest university campus in Algeria.
1637:– Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering
1304:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
673:: Physicians and rescue workers were dispatched from
1467:
Zemmouri, Algeria: Mw 6.8 Earthquake Of May 21, 2003
802:
1253:
Algeria earthquake death tolls reaches nearly 1,600
1025:
Zemmouri, Algeria, Mw6.8 Earthquake of May 21, 2003
1519:
1482:
1239:
1055:
1557:
1420:
1021:
505:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
50:
2376:
747:: United Kingdom sent nearly 100 rescue workers.
522:
985:Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering
300:, approximately 60 km east of the capital
292:of the earthquake was located near the town of
1180:"Search for Algeria earthquake survivors ends"
705:: South Africa sent recovery teams to Algeria.
2287:
1952:
1692:
1574:
1539:
1437:
1408:
1322:Nation fulfils its obligations in rescue work
453:Société Nationale des Transports Ferrovaires
1927:earthquakes resulting in at least 30 deaths
1706:
1596:
1542:Freedom in the Middle East and North Africa
1449:
1174:
1172:
1170:
877:
875:
400:, which damaged boats off the coast of the
2301:
2294:
2280:
1959:
1945:
1699:
1685:
1404:
1402:
998:
996:
994:
992:
1966:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1051:
1049:
1017:
1015:
854:
852:
850:
1414:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1095:Keeping Schools Safe in Earthquakes 2004
1083:Keeping Schools Safe in Earthquakes 2004
1071:Keeping Schools Safe in Earthquakes 2004
1066:
1064:
872:
419:
357:
353:
1464:
1399:
1383:
1339:"Polscy strażacy wylecieli do Algierii"
1315:
1193:
1138:
1126:
1111:
989:
2377:
1575:Evans, Martin; Phillips, John (2008),
1526:(50th ed.), Europa Publications,
1485:Assessing and Managing Earthquake Risk
1443:
1426:
1270:"Séisme sème la panique et la terreur"
1122:
1120:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1088:
1076:
1046:
1012:
970:
968:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
905:
903:
847:
719:: Sweden sent sniffer dogs to Algeria.
2275:
1940:
1680:
1522:The Middle East and North Africa 2004
1214:
1144:
1132:
1061:
655:: Poland sent 27 rescue workers from
1929:the deadliest earthquake of the year
1517:
1161:
881:
467:received little damage. The airport
269:
1502:Keeping Schools Safe in Earthquakes
1117:
1100:
965:
935:
900:
858:
336:. Due to this location between two
311:
308:resulted in at least 2,633 deaths.
16:Magnitude 6.8 earthquake in Algeria
13:
1653:International Seismological Centre
1577:Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed
1365:"Misja Medyczna z pomocą Algierii"
867:International Seismological Centre
499:became homeless due to the quake.
14:
2436:
1619:
493:
1056:Oliveira, Roca & Xavier 2006
1003:Quake rescuers race against time
918:National Geophysical Data Center
805:
751:
737:
723:
709:
695:
681:
663:
645:
631:
617:
603:
585:
571:
557:
543:
529:
396:The quake generated a localized
49:
35:
28:
1357:
1331:
1262:
1022:Curtis L. Edwards, ed. (2004).
961:United States Geological Survey
913:Significant Earthquake Database
890:United States Geological Survey
772:
342:United States Geological Survey
213:
36:
1599:Planning Middle Eastern cities
1201:"Sniffer dogs sent to Algeria"
951:Magnitude 6.8 Northern Algeria
826:List of earthquakes in Algeria
1:
2420:History of Boumerdès Province
1626:History of deadly earthquakes
1458:
523:Response from other countries
1597:Elsheshtawy, Yasser (2004),
1544:, Rowman & Littlefield,
885:PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog
258:2,266 killed, 10,261 injured
7:
1465:Edwards, Curtis L. (2004),
1028:. Reston, VA: ASCE, TCLEE.
821:List of earthquakes in 2003
798:
436:A water treatment plant in
10:
2441:
2425:Buried rupture earthquakes
882:USGS (September 4, 2009),
831:2004 Al Hoceima earthquake
639:People's Republic of China
509:People's Republic of China
324:, thus creating a zone of
2410:May 2003 events in Africa
2385:2003 disasters in Algeria
2309:
2174:
2043:
1972:
1925:
1878:
1849:
1832:
1809:
1774:
1757:
1737:
1720:
1641:Algeria hit by earthquake
1561:, Oxford Business Group,
1518:Dean, Lucy (2003-10-30),
1504:, OECD Publishing, 2004,
1438:Evans & Phillips 2008
475:were moderately damaged.
266:2003 Boumerdès earthquake
254:
246:
233:
212:
201:
191:
181:
144:
140:12 km (7.5 mi)
136:
122:
114:
99:
86:
73:
62:
24:
20:2003 Boumerdès earthquake
1371:(in Polish). 2 June 2003
1345:(in Polish). 23 May 2003
841:
836:2023 Al Haouz earthquake
424:Map of the affected area
306:magnitude 7.1 earthquake
1232:Aid en route to Algeria
2400:Earthquakes in Algeria
2303:Earthquakes in Algeria
1886:Kazakhstan–China
1540:Freedom House (2004),
780:earthquake engineering
425:
362:
351:
268:occurred on May 21 at
250:3 m (10 ft)
103:May 21, 2003
1967:Earthquakes in Africa
1581:Yale University Press
1559:Emerging Algeria 2006
1469:, ASCE Publications,
1421:Oxford Business Group
888:, Version 2008_06.1,
423:
361:
354:Damage and casualties
346:
280:of 6.8 and a maximum
2200:2005 Lake Tanganyika
2111:1969 Sharm El Sheikh
788:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
2415:Tsunamis in Algeria
2354:1999 Aïn Témouchent
2165:1999 Aïn Témouchent
1986:1624 Fez earthquake
1711:Earthquakes in 2003
599:rubble rescue team.
270:19:44:21 local time
162: /
69:2003-05-21 18:44:20
21:
2159:1995 Gulf of Aqaba
1857:Dominican Republic
1661:authoritative data
1409:Freedom House 2004
980:2008-05-28 at the
956:2008-05-11 at the
793:"pouvoir assassin"
426:
406:Boumerdès Province
391:Hussein Dey Bridge
363:
298:Boumerdès Province
282:Mercalli intensity
276:. The shock had a
19:
2395:History of Thénia
2372:
2371:
2269:
2268:
1934:
1933:
1612:978-0-415-30400-9
1590:978-0-300-10881-1
1568:978-1-902339-43-6
1551:978-0-7425-3775-0
1533:978-1-85743-184-1
1511:978-92-64-01669-9
1494:978-1-4020-1827-5
1476:978-0-7844-0746-2
1276:. François ténèze
457:soil liquefaction
262:
261:
234:Peak acceleration
2432:
2390:2003 earthquakes
2364:2010 Beni-Ilmane
2296:
2289:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2224:2010 Beni-Ilmane
2141:1990 South Sudan
2034:1856 Middle East
1961:
1954:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1904:Puerto Armuelles
1701:
1694:
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1479:
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1450:Elsheshtawy 2004
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1412:
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1397:
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1115:
1109:
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1080:
1074:
1068:
1059:
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1043:
1038:. Archived from
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1000:
987:
972:
963:
948:
933:
932:
930:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
907:
898:
897:
892:, archived from
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870:
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856:
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808:
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415:Algiers Province
402:Balearic Islands
312:Tectonic setting
278:moment magnitude
271:
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2368:
2305:
2300:
2270:
2265:
2242:2015 South Kivu
2206:2006 Mozambique
2194:2004 Al Hoceima
2170:
2075:1955 Alexandria
2039:
1968:
1965:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1921:
1874:
1845:
1828:
1805:
1770:
1753:
1733:
1716:
1705:
1673:for this event.
1663:for this event.
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1125:
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982:Wayback Machine
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595:: Iceland sent
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338:tectonic plates
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115:Local time
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2212:2008 Lake Kivu
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2188:2003 Boumerdès
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2019:
2013:
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1980:1068 Near East
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2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
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1058:, p. 444
1057:
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1035:9780784407462
1031:
1027:
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1018:
1016:
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896:on 2020-03-13
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516:Ahmed Ouyahia
514:
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489:
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469:control tower
466:
462:
458:
454:
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383:steel girders
381:
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68:
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61:
31:
23:
2358:
2349:1994 Mascara
2344:1989 Chenoua
2314:1716 Algiers
2260:2023 Morocco
2218:2009 Karonga
2187:
2175:21st century
2153:1994 Mascara
2135:1989 Chenoua
2093:1969 Tulbagh
2063:1921 Massawa
2044:20th century
2010:1761 Morocco
1992:1716 Algiers
1916:
1913:
1888:(6.1, Dec 1)
1794:
1790:
1785:
1748:
1657:bibliography
1644:
1629:
1598:
1576:
1558:
1541:
1521:
1501:
1487:, Springer,
1484:
1466:
1452:, p. 54
1445:
1423:, p. 92
1416:
1411:, p. 15
1392:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1342:
1333:
1324:
1317:
1306:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:ladepeche.fr
1273:
1264:
1255:
1234:
1205:. Retrieved
1203:. 2003-05-23
1195:
1184:. Retrieved
1182:. 2003-05-25
1139:Edwards 2004
1134:
1127:Edwards 2004
1112:Edwards 2004
1097:, p. 38
1090:
1085:, p. 36
1078:
1073:, p. 37
1040:the original
1024:
1005:
984:
916:(Data Set),
912:
894:the original
884:
861:
859:ISC (2015),
792:
776:
773:Public anger
763:US President
728:
703:South Africa
689:Saudi Arabia
501:Sniffer dogs
497:
477:
451:
435:
427:
395:
364:
347:
315:
285:
272:in northern
265:
263:
238:
223:
202:Total damage
2236:2014 Orkney
2182:2002 Kalehe
2129:1989 Malawi
2123:1983 Guinea
2081:1960 Agadir
2057:1915 Asmara
2051:1913 Asmara
2004:1755 Meknes
1375:4 September
1349:4 September
1129:, p. 3
1114:, p. 2
731:Switzerland
446:Keddara Dam
431:Bab Ezzouar
393:on July 5.
326:compression
171:36.91; 3.71
169: /
77: event
2379:Categories
2334:1954 Chlef
2324:1825 Blida
2230:2011 Nabro
2147:1992 Cairo
2069:1954 Chlef
2022:1825 Blida
1998:1754 Cairo
1973:Historical
1898:San Simeon
1459:References
1280:7 February
1207:2024-09-07
1186:2024-09-07
480:El Harrach
461:settlement
255:Casualties
208:5 billion
107:2003-05-21
66: time
2319:1790 Oran
2099:1966 Toro
2087:1963 Marj
2036:(7.7–8.2)
2016:1790 Oran
1850:September
1840:Fiordland
1791:Boumerdès
1671:main page
1667:ReliefWeb
1603:Routledge
1257:USA Today
1162:Dean 2003
785:President
484:Boumerdes
442:Boumerdès
438:Boudouaou
368:Boumerdès
290:epicentre
216:intensity
145:Epicenter
123:Magnitude
1879:December
1863:Hokkaidō
1738:February
1646:BBC News
1630:BBC News
1394:Fox News
1235:BBC News
978:Archived
954:Archived
799:See also
625:Pakistan
473:terminal
387:concrete
320:and the
186:Dip-slip
118:19:44:21
1982:(≥ 7.0)
1765:Alabama
1721:January
1659:and/or
611:Morocco
597:ICE-SAR
593:Iceland
579:Germany
398:tsunami
380:precast
372:Réghaïa
302:Algiers
288:). The
286:Extreme
274:Algeria
247:Tsunami
224:Extreme
222:MMI X (
196:Algeria
154:36°55′N
105: (
81:6845775
43:Algiers
1892:Taiwan
1833:August
1823:Miyagi
1800:Miyagi
1782:Bingöl
1728:Colima
1655:has a
1609:
1587:
1565:
1548:
1530:
1508:
1491:
1473:
1343:RMF 24
1032:
756:
742:
717:Sweden
714:
700:
686:
675:Moscow
671:Russia
668:
657:Gdańsk
653:Poland
650:
636:
622:
608:
590:
576:
562:
551:Canada
548:
537:France
534:
465:Dellys
376:Thénia
334:faults
330:thrust
294:Thénia
284:of X (
157:3°43′E
94:ComCat
2262:(6.8)
2256:(6.5)
2250:(5.9)
2244:(5.8)
2238:(5.5)
2232:(5.7)
2226:(5.3)
2220:(6.0)
2214:(5.9)
2208:(7.0)
2202:(6.8)
2196:(6.3)
2190:(6.8)
2184:(6.2)
2167:(5.6)
2161:(7.3)
2155:(5.9)
2149:(5.8)
2143:(7.1)
2137:(5.9)
2131:(6.3)
2125:(6.3)
2119:(7.1)
2113:(6.6)
2107:(7.9)
2101:(6.8)
2095:(6.3)
2089:(5.6)
2083:(5.8)
2077:(6.3)
2071:(6.7)
2065:(6.1)
2024:(7.0)
2018:(6.0)
2012:(8.5)
2006:(7.0)
2000:(6.6)
1994:(7.0)
1988:(6.0)
1817:Dayao
1758:April
1745:Bachu
842:Notes
565:Egypt
488:Spain
237:0.58
137:Depth
87:USGS-
2059:(VI)
2053:(VI)
2030:(IX)
1810:July
1669:'s
1651:The
1607:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1563:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1528:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1377:2022
1351:2022
1282:2023
1030:ISBN
922:NOAA
471:and
459:and
374:and
332:and
264:The
214:Max.
182:Type
126:6.8
89:ANSS
1910:Bam
1775:May
1007:CNN
926:doi
296:in
75:ISC
64:UTC
2381::
1643:–
1628:–
1605:,
1601:,
1583:,
1579:,
1428:^
1401:^
1367:.
1341:.
1290:^
1272:.
1241:^
1216:^
1169:^
1146:^
1119:^
1102:^
1063:^
1048:^
1014:^
991:^
967:^
937:^
924:,
920:,
902:^
874:^
849:^
761::
417:.
370:,
344:,
206:$
2295:e
2288:t
2281:v
1960:e
1953:t
1946:v
1917:‡
1914:†
1795:†
1786:†
1749:†
1714:→
1708:←
1700:e
1693:t
1686:v
1379:.
1353:.
1284:.
1210:.
1189:.
928::
677:.
240:g
226:)
130:w
128:M
109:)
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