20:
296:
2249:
1716:
612:
601:
383:
540:
761:
to have any control over the region. While
Chinese investment in India's underdeveloped maritime infrastructure could benefit India's economy greatly, India remains wary to accept such investment as the possibility exists that China is primarily attempting to expand its own territorial and economic interests. India has also expressed circumspection in participating in a similar initiative, the Bangladesh – China – India – Myanmar economic corridor.
2201:
753:, cities, and towns – have a tendency to strongly prioritize their own interests above those of the nation and participate in government initiatives primarily to satisfy their own objectives. This could lead to inappropriate spending on projects outside the scope of China's national interests.
760:
Concerns have been put forth regarding whether China will be able to receive India's cooperation and participating in bringing the initiative to fruition. India represents a strong economic force and may likely prefer to develop the Indian Ocean region's infrastructure itself rather than allow China
622:
There are extensive intra-European infrastructure projects in place to adapt trade flows to current needs. This applies, for example, to the expansion of the
Belgrade-Budapest railway line, the Brenner Base Tunnel and the connections on the Adriatic-Baltic and Adriatic-North Sea axes. With regard to
737:
countries such as Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, the
Philippines, and Vietnam. Potential routes proposed for the MSR could contribute to increasing tensions over certain areas. However, some academics propose that the MSR initiative will provide a means for China to resolve these sovereignty-related
741:
It has been suggested that the future of the MSR will be largely dictated by the economic conditions of the participating countries. The possibility exists that China may have to make financial contributions to other MSR countries who are experiencing poor economic conditions. China will need to
1188:
Gerald Pohl: Neue
Seidenstraße: China drängt es nach Europa in: Die Presse 17. September 2019; Hafen Triest auf Wachstumskurs: Neue Bahnverbindung nach Rostock. In: Der Trend, 17. October 2018; Frank Behling: Hafenzug Kiel–Triest. Von der Förde ans Mittelmeer. In Kieler Nachrichten: 25. January
634:
Experimental attempts are also being made to organize the movement of goods from China to Europe via the
Northeast Passage through the polar sea. There is already resistance from environmental protection organizations who fear significant interference in the sensitive ecosystems in the north.
1179:"Hamburger Hafenkonzern investiert groß in Triest" In: Die Presse 29 September 2020; Thomas Fromm "Hanseatische Seidenstraße" In: Süddeutsche Zeitung 5 October 2020; "Logistica, il colosso Duisport acquisisce il 15% delle quote dell'Interporto di Trieste" In: Il Piccolo, 15 December 2020
163:$ 40 billion development fund, which would help finance China's plans to develop the New Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road. China has accelerated its drive to draw Africa into the MSR with the speedy construction of a modern standard-gauge rail link between Nairobi and Mombasa.
1361:
J. Yang, ‘Making the
Maritime Silk Road a New Promoter of Cooperative Interaction between China and South Asia’, Keynote Speech given at the “Political Economy of China’s Maritime Silk Road and South Asia” conference, 21 Nov. 2015, Shanghai,
3403:
19:
584:
The
Chinese Silk Road Initiative then led Europe to consider adapting the infrastructure to changing conditions. In recent years there have been major investments from Italy, the EU, Germany and Hungary to develop
3262:
756:
Gaining political approval from countries with different political systems could prove problematic for China. Countries may be wary about joining the MSR initiative due to geopolitical and security factors.
1525:
490:(India) – Colombo (Sri Lanka) – Port Klang – Singapore – Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) – Hong Kong – Shanghai.
2163:
182:
Although the routes encompassed in the MSR will be copious if the initiative comes to fruition, to date there has not been ample official information released concerning specific ports.
1993:
1965:
880:
2118:
1510:
486:
Shanghai – Ningbo – Shekou – Singapore – Port Klang (Malaysia) – Kolkata (India) –
1661:
3413:
2138:
2064:
523:
Shanghai – Ningbo – Xiamen – Chiwan – Singapore – Djibouti (East Africa) –
597:
as a central
European hub of the Maritime Silk Road. This also applies to the partial relocation of the flow of goods from the northern ports to the Mediterranean.
3480:
1475:
581:
stated "...can become China's gateway to Europe. It is the pearl of the
Mediterranean. " China is investing heavily in Athens in the port and infrastructure.
745:
Coordination on the national and subnational levels may be challenging for China. It has been stated that China's subnational actors – such as
566:, and visit ports in Greece, Italy, France, and Spain before returning to China. The Maritime Silk Road has also an important role in the connection between
2337:
2237:
1885:
2158:
1747:
3164:
2143:
1433:
3287:
1742:
1556:
2477:
856:
631:
to the
Adriatic bridgehead of Trieste with its free trade zone shortens the transport of goods to Central and Eastern Europe by at least four days.
425:
Shanghai – Newport – Dalian – Qingdao – Ningbo – Nansha –
3355:
1620:
1451:
795:
1737:
1615:
1998:
1830:
1546:
800:
1070:
2215:
884:
805:
466:
Qingdao – Shanghai – Ningbo – Singapore – Klang Port (Malaysia) –
1272:
Blanchard, J.-M. F. (2017). "Probing China's Twenty-First-Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI): An Examination of MSRI Narratives".
1016:
2322:
930:
575:
3445:
2029:
1506:
730:
810:
167:
2342:
1520:
2920:
2230:
1940:
2673:
2558:
1945:
3485:
2613:
2034:
1875:
1855:
1426:
734:
2357:
1955:
1049:
931:"Reflections on Maritime Partnership: Building the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road_China Institute of International Studies"
3378:
3374:
3184:
2878:
2836:
2779:
2128:
1893:
1820:
1515:
984:
906:
130:
1541:
3525:
3367:
3362:
3194:
2223:
2153:
1338:
3350:
3292:
3128:
2993:
153:
287:, the China Economic Information Service cites the following as major routes for the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road:
3520:
3475:
2678:
2392:
2204:
2148:
2098:
1610:
1587:
1419:
1372:
Palit, Amitendu (2017-04-03). "India's Economic and Strategic Perceptions of China's Maritime Silk Road Initiative".
1198:
Harry de Wilt: Is One Belt, One Road a China crisis for North Sea main ports? in World Cargo News, 17. December 2019.
1161:
Bernhard Simon: Can The New Silk Road Compete With The Maritime Silk Road? in The Maritime Executive, 1 January 2020.
1143:
Harry de Wilt: Is One Belt, One Road a China crisis for North Sea main ports? in World Cargo News, 17. December 2019.
511: – Shekou – Port Klang (Malaysia) – Alishan Port (UAE) –
3322:
2915:
2863:
2502:
2492:
2302:
1651:
1596:
1470:
3495:
3455:
3174:
3118:
3068:
2873:
2853:
2831:
2704:
2623:
2507:
2397:
2123:
1484:
134:
3418:
3225:
3098:
3063:
3053:
2925:
2900:
2791:
2786:
2739:
2719:
2714:
2603:
2487:
2452:
2437:
2422:
2317:
1701:
2245:
3149:
3048:
2885:
2868:
2848:
2754:
2688:
2653:
2563:
2442:
1977:
1752:
1582:
32:
51:
which is a Chinese strategic initiative to increase investment and foster collaboration across the historic
3312:
3297:
3159:
3133:
3083:
2978:
2905:
2843:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2734:
2668:
2638:
2598:
2573:
2542:
2517:
2367:
2347:
2312:
2297:
1950:
1489:
642:, Spain. The port, in which many Chinese companies have settled, is to be provided with a free trade zone.
1228:"Re-contemplating the South China Sea Issue: Sailing with the Wind of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road"
959:
3204:
3123:
3088:
3058:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3013:
3003:
2998:
2983:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2930:
2821:
2801:
2744:
2709:
2683:
2643:
2628:
2618:
2578:
2568:
2527:
2497:
2482:
2467:
2457:
2447:
2412:
2407:
2362:
2332:
2307:
2282:
770:
724:
295:
1152:
Linda Vierecke, Elisabetta Galla "Triest und die neue Seidenstraße" In: Deutsche Welle, 8 December 2020.
574:
through the Suez Canal. Of particular interest to China is the port of Piraeus in Athens, Greece, which
3433:
3307:
3113:
3103:
3093:
3078:
3073:
3043:
3018:
3008:
2988:
2935:
2910:
2769:
2729:
2724:
2658:
2648:
2588:
2583:
2537:
2532:
2472:
2427:
2387:
2377:
2287:
2253:
2113:
1960:
332:
133:
is an extension of the proposed Silk Road. The Maritime Silk Road coincides with the theory of China's
3199:
3189:
3169:
3108:
3038:
2942:
2890:
2858:
2826:
2774:
2749:
2633:
2593:
2512:
2462:
2417:
2402:
2382:
2372:
2352:
2292:
2108:
825:
746:
1216:
Anja Steinbuch, Jürgen Hoffmann "Was bringt Chinas Neue Seidenstraße?" In: Deutsche Welle 17.11.2017
1050:"THE 21ST CENTURY MARITIME SILK ROAD: Security implications and ways forward for the European Union"
1017:"Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road"
3388:
3383:
3282:
3179:
3154:
2796:
2764:
2759:
2663:
2608:
2522:
2432:
2327:
2133:
2069:
2059:
1903:
1682:
1572:
1501:
1442:
48:
172:
Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road
3408:
1783:
1646:
1495:
1479:
1024:
780:
1636:
938:
3490:
3317:
3302:
3267:
3257:
2895:
2168:
1860:
1757:
429:(Indonesia) – Klang Port (Malaysia) – Singapore –
3220:
1227:
174:, which discusses the principles and framework which form the foundation of the initiative.
2173:
1935:
1898:
1715:
571:
446:
8:
3468:
3438:
3398:
3272:
2178:
2103:
2051:
775:
531:(Sudan) – Djibouti – Port Klang – Shanghai.
515:(Iraq) – Port Klang – Kaohsiung – Shanghai.
229:
1865:
1641:
1397:
1289:
1207:
Birger Nicolai "Im Winter durchs Eismeer? Das geht und hat Vorteile" Die Welt 13.7.2018
1108:
820:
815:
750:
3463:
3450:
1970:
1656:
1401:
1389:
1293:
1249:
1112:
992:
563:
551:
272:
75:
1793:
1381:
1281:
1239:
1100:
665:
336:
328:
146:
1385:
1285:
600:
413:(Malaysia) – Singapore – Hong Kong –
3428:
3393:
1577:
414:
382:
316:
1591:
1170:"Trieste, ex Aquila venduta all'ungherese Adria Port" In: Il Piccolo, 18.12.2020
611:
58:
The maritime silk road essentially runs from the Chinese coast to the south via
3423:
1930:
830:
594:
590:
119:
1244:
539:
3514:
1788:
1666:
1393:
1253:
1104:
996:
881:"Sri Lanka Supports China's Initiative of a 21st Century Maritime Silk Route"
785:
324:
245:
1021:
National Development and Reform Commission (NRDC) People's Republic of China
742:
ensure that any loans allocated to these countries are spent appropriately.
185:
Between 2015 and 2022, China has leased ownership over the following ports:
1411:
1071:"Xinhua-Baltic 2018 International Shipping Centre Development Index Report"
790:
430:
406:
71:
1773:
1847:
1825:
1551:
689:
567:
262:
189:
1091:
Chaziza, Mordechai (2018). "The Chinese Maritime Silk Road Initiative".
159:
In November 2014, Chinese leader Xi Jinping announced plans to create a
835:
628:
578:
559:
544:
235:
149:
99:
960:"Full text of President Xi's speech at opening of Belt and Road forum"
433:
Port (Thailand) – Hong Kong – Shanghai.
713:
709:
681:
669:
661:
657:
624:
504:
402:
397: – Qingdao – Shanghai –
387:
340:
320:
276:
266:
239:
123:
67:
52:
285:
Xinhua-Baltic International Shipping Centre Development Index Report
1994:
Special Loan Program for China-Latin America Infrastructure Project
1966:
Sino-Latin American Production Capacity Cooperation Investment Fund
1870:
693:
649:
639:
616:
512:
453: – Leam Chabang (Thailand) – Ningbo.
363:
351:(Philippines) – Singapore – Qinzhou.
300:
256:
223:
213:
199:
193:
107:
95:
2119:
Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia
374:(South) – Manila (North) – Qingdao.
1601:
1536:
1531:
705:
697:
677:
673:
645:
605:
586:
555:
487:
478:(Sri Lanka) – Singapore – Qingdao.
475:
467:
450:
426:
359:
348:
312:
209:
203:
115:
91:
79:
63:
87:
701:
653:
524:
508:
471:
442:
410:
398:
394:
371:
367:
344:
249:
111:
1134:
Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstraße (2018) pp 112.
550:
The MSR route to Europe will begin in China, pass through the
3277:
2248:
685:
528:
219:
118:
with its international free port and its rail connections to
103:
83:
59:
907:"China Pushes 'Maritime Silk Road' in South, Southeast Asia"
114:
to the Upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of
2093:
1778:
1605:
623:
costs and environmental protection, in contrast to longer
2088:
160:
638:
One of the most important ports in the Mediterranean is
627:
traffic via northwest Europe, the sea route through the
145:
The Maritime Silk Road initiative was first proposed by
738:
conflicts by providing an opportunity for mutual gain.
1758:
Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar Economic Corridor
1125:
Harry G. Broadman "Afrika´s Silk Road" (2007), pp 59.
985:"China to Contribute $ 40 Billion to Silk Road Fund"
503:Shanghai – Ningbo –
441:Ningbo – Shanghai –
1557:China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan International Highway
1552:Uzbekistan-Tajikistan-China International Highway
493:
3512:
290:
1547:China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor
801:List of ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean
23:Plan of the Silk Road with its maritime branch
2231:
2134:Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation
1502:Economic corridor in Greater Mekong Subregion
1427:
806:List of the largest trading partners of China
436:
405: – Singapore –
170:of China publicly released a document titled
1621:International North–South Transport Corridor
1441:
796:International North–South Transport Corridor
3446:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
1507:China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor
857:"What is China's Belt and Road Initiative?"
731:territorial disputes in the South China Sea
456:
307:
3247:
2238:
2224:
2144:Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation
1434:
1420:
1339:"Mapping China's New Silk Road Initiative"
168:National Development and Reform Commission
82:in Sri Lanka towards the southern tip of
1521:New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor
1271:
1243:
377:
1941:China-Eurasian Economic Cooperation Fund
1526:Regional Comprehensive Economic Corridor
1232:The Chinese Journal of Global Governance
610:
599:
538:
381:
294:
18:
2265:
1946:China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund
1616:China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor
1516:China-Laos-Thailand Railway Cooperation
1090:
854:
811:List of world's busiest container ports
177:
3513:
2035:Community of shared future for mankind
1856:Agricultural Development Bank of China
1652:Addis Ababa-Djibouti Economic Corridor
1537:Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park
1532:China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park
1226:Hui-yi, Katherine Tseng (2016-06-16).
1225:
354:
3339:
3246:
2264:
2219:
1956:China-CEE Investment Cooperation Fund
1415:
1371:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1267:
1265:
1263:
2169:China-Pacific Island Countries Forum
2129:Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism
1894:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
1821:Internationalization of the renminbi
1683:Agua Negra Pass International Tunnel
1044:
1042:
982:
498:
2154:China-Arab States Cooperation Forum
729:There exist a number of unresolved
481:
461:
386:Container terminals in Kwai Chung,
98:, then through the Red Sea via the
13:
3351:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
1583:China-Europe Land-Sea Express Line
1327:
1260:
904:
518:
14:
3537:
3476:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2338:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
2149:Forum on China-Africa Cooperation
2099:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1039:
409:Port (Malaysia) –
2247:
2200:
2199:
1714:
1597:Trans-European Transport Network
1542:Brunei-Guangxi Economic Corridor
1471:China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
704:(Saudi Arabia) –
527:(Saudi Arabia) –
131:China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
47:), is the sea route part of the
3496:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
3404:Dates of diplomatic recognition
1999:China-Arab states special loans
1485:China-Myanmar Economic Corridor
1365:
1355:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1084:
1023:. 28 March 2015. Archived from
534:
102:to the Mediterranean, then via
29:21st Century Maritime Silk Road
3419:Foreign relations of Hong Kong
1698:Transoceanic fiber optic cable
1063:
1009:
976:
952:
923:
898:
873:
848:
543:Container ship transiting the
494:Middle East, East Africa route
36:
1:
3340:
1978:China Africa Development Fund
1753:Global Energy Interconnection
1611:China–Belarus Industrial Park
1386:10.1080/14650045.2016.1274305
1286:10.1080/14650045.2016.1267147
841:
718:
708:(Sri Lanka) –
589:with its rail connections to
3375:Diplomatic missions of China
1951:Russia-China Investment Fund
1511:Laos-China Economic Corridor
883:. 2015-05-11. Archived from
470:(Pakistan) –
449:(Cambodia) –
420:
291:China – Southeast Asia route
7:
3363:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2081:(2019 Leading Group report)
1647:Port Sudan-Ethiopia Railway
983:Page, Jeremy (2014-11-08).
855:Kuo, Lily; Kommenda, Niko.
771:Asia-Africa Growth Corridor
764:
725:2021 Suez Canal obstruction
347:(Myanmar) –
339:(Vietnam) –
10:
3542:
3526:Foreign relations of China
3434:Political status of Taiwan
2254:Foreign relations of China
2114:Caribbean Development Bank
1961:China-LAC Cooperation Fund
747:multinational corporations
722:
700:(Greece) –
692:(France) –
676:(Greece) –
437:China – Thailand, Cambodia
140:
3346:
3335:
3253:
3242:
3213:
3142:
2951:
2697:
2551:
2275:
2271:
2260:
2195:
2109:Asia Cooperation Dialogue
2078:
2050:
2043:
2022:
2015:
1986:
1923:
1916:
1884:
1846:
1839:
1813:
1806:
1784:China-UAE Industrial Zone
1779:Sino-Oman Industrial Park
1766:
1730:
1723:
1712:
1691:
1675:
1629:
1588:Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway
1565:
1490:Eastern Economic Corridor
1463:
1449:
1245:10.1163/23525207-12340016
826:Maritime Silk Road Museum
696:(Spain) –
688:(Italy) –
684:(Italy) –
680:(Italy) –
474:(India) –
393:Newport –
3521:Belt and Road Initiative
3460:Major historical splits
3384:Belt and Road Initiative
2323:Central African Republic
2139:Greater Tumen Initiative
1904:SCO Interbank Consortium
1637:Suez Canal Economic Zone
1592:Alyat Free Economic Zone
1573:New Eurasian Land Bridge
1443:Belt and Road Initiative
1105:10.1215/10474552-6898099
457:China – South Asia route
308:China – Vietnam, Myanmar
49:Belt and Road Initiative
3409:Foreign policy of China
3323:China and the Antarctic
3288:China–Japan–South Korea
2079:Multilateral mechanisms
1496:Two Corridors, One Belt
1476:Trans-Himalayan Network
1456:(2019 Joint Communique)
1093:Mediterranean Quarterly
781:Foreign policy of China
152:during a speech to the
3491:Wolf warrior diplomacy
3318:Arctic policy of China
3258:BCIM Economic Corridor
3248:Multilateral relations
2343:Congo, Republic of the
1861:China Development Bank
619:
608:
547:
390:
378:Singapore and Malaysia
327:Port –
304:
90:, to the East African
24:
3414:Foreign Relations Law
3389:China's peaceful rise
2478:São Tomé and Príncipe
1794:Lekki Free Trade Zone
614:
603:
542:
385:
298:
154:Indonesian Parliament
22:
2921:United Arab Emirates
2174:World Economic Forum
1936:Green Silk Road Fund
1899:New Development Bank
572:Mediterranean region
178:Routes and key ports
3439:Chinese unification
3399:Confucius Institute
2936:Northern Domination
2674:Trinidad and Tobago
2559:Antigua and Barbuda
2266:Bilateral relations
2179:Boao Forum for Asia
2104:Asia-Europe Meeting
2052:Belt and Road Forum
1480:China–Nepal Railway
1027:on 27 November 2018
989:Wall Street Journal
776:Container transport
355:China – Philippines
166:In March 2015, the
2614:Dominican Republic
2124:ASEAN-China (10+1)
1642:Cape to Cairo Road
1337:Knowledge, CKGSB.
821:Maritime Silk Road
816:Maritime Jade Road
733:between China and
712: –
672: –
668: –
664: –
660: –
656: –
652: –
648: –
620:
609:
548:
507: –
445: –
401: –
391:
370: –
366: –
362: –
343: –
335: –
331: –
323: –
319: –
315: –
305:
41:Maritime Silk Road
25:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3486:Theater diplomacy
3451:Stadium diplomacy
3371:
3359:
3356:General Secretary
3331:
3330:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
2358:Equatorial Guinea
2213:
2212:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2164:China-CEEC (14+1)
2159:China-CELAC Forum
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1971:China-Brazil Fund
1912:
1911:
1802:
1801:
1748:Digital Silk Road
1724:Linked to the BRI
1710:
1709:
1657:Northern Corridor
1457:
905:Tiezzi, Shannon.
564:Mediterranean Sea
499:China – Iraq, UAE
299:Yangshan Port of
255:Feydhoo Finolhu,
156:in October 2013.
76:Strait of Malacca
39:), commonly just
3533:
3456:String of Pearls
3368:Foreign Minister
3365:
3353:
3337:
3336:
3244:
3243:
3185:Papua New Guinea
2273:
2272:
2262:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2203:
2202:
2048:
2047:
2020:
2019:
1921:
1920:
1844:
1843:
1811:
1810:
1728:
1727:
1718:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1369:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1334:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1269:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1080:. 29 March 2019.
1075:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1059:. 30 March 2019.
1054:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
964:www.fmprc.gov.cn
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
937:. Archived from
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
902:
896:
895:
893:
892:
877:
871:
870:
868:
867:
852:
482:India, Sri Lanka
462:China – Pakistan
337:Ho Chi Minh City
135:String of Pearls
94:, from there to
38:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3500:
3429:Panda diplomacy
3394:Chinese Century
3342:
3327:
3249:
3230:
3209:
3195:Solomon Islands
3138:
2947:
2693:
2547:
2267:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2214:
2209:
2183:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2039:
2003:
1982:
1908:
1880:
1866:China Exim Bank
1835:
1798:
1762:
1743:Space Silk Road
1719:
1706:
1702:Polar Silk Road
1687:
1671:
1625:
1578:Port of Piraeus
1561:
1454:
1445:
1440:
1410:
1409:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1345:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1270:
1261:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1089:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1001:
999:
981:
977:
968:
966:
958:
957:
953:
944:
942:
935:www.ciis.org.cn
929:
928:
924:
915:
913:
903:
899:
890:
888:
879:
878:
874:
865:
863:
853:
849:
844:
767:
727:
721:
576:Chinese Premier
537:
521:
519:China – Red Sea
501:
496:
484:
464:
459:
439:
423:
380:
357:
310:
293:
230:Malacca Gateway
180:
143:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3431:
3426:
3424:Nine-dash line
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3372:
3360:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3313:United Nations
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:European Union
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3129:United Kingdom
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:Czech Republic
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2258:
2257:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Silk Road Fund
1927:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1876:Sino Guarantee
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1599:
1594:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1458:
1450:Corridors and
1447:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1380:(2): 292–309.
1364:
1354:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1280:(2): 246–268.
1259:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1083:
1078:safety4sea.com
1062:
1038:
1008:
975:
951:
922:
897:
872:
846:
845:
843:
840:
839:
838:
833:
831:New Suez Canal
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
766:
763:
720:
717:
595:Eastern Europe
552:Malacca Strait
536:
533:
520:
517:
500:
497:
495:
492:
483:
480:
463:
460:
458:
455:
438:
435:
422:
419:
379:
376:
356:
353:
309:
306:
292:
289:
281:
280:
273:Newcastle Port
270:
260:
253:
243:
233:
227:
217:
207:
197:
179:
176:
147:Chinese leader
142:
139:
120:Central Europe
16:Sea route part
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3538:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3298:Latin America
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3245:
3241:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:Former states
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:United States
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Guinea-Bissau
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2030:Leading Group
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1831:Green finance
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Port of Haifa
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Air Silk Road
1736:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1358:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
998:
994:
990:
986:
979:
965:
961:
955:
941:on 2015-04-03
940:
936:
932:
926:
912:
908:
901:
887:on 2015-05-11
886:
882:
876:
862:
858:
851:
847:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
786:Golden Banana
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
762:
758:
754:
752:
748:
743:
739:
736:
732:
726:
716:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
641:
636:
632:
630:
626:
618:
613:
607:
602:
598:
596:
592:
588:
582:
580:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
546:
541:
532:
530:
526:
516:
514:
510:
506:
491:
489:
479:
477:
473:
469:
454:
452:
448:
447:Sihanoukville
444:
434:
432:
428:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
389:
384:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
302:
297:
288:
286:
278:
274:
271:
268:
264:
261:
258:
254:
251:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
208:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
188:
187:
186:
183:
175:
173:
169:
164:
162:
157:
155:
151:
148:
138:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
30:
21:
3221:Soviet Union
3134:Vatican City
2916:Turkmenistan
2864:Saudi Arabia
2503:South Africa
2493:Sierra Leone
2303:Burkina Faso
1987:Credit lines
1886:Multilateral
1377:
1373:
1367:
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1342:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1277:
1273:
1238:(1): 63–95.
1235:
1231:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1099:(2): 54–69.
1096:
1092:
1086:
1077:
1065:
1056:
1029:. Retrieved
1025:the original
1020:
1011:
1000:. Retrieved
988:
978:
967:. Retrieved
963:
954:
943:. Retrieved
939:the original
934:
925:
914:. Retrieved
911:The Diplomat
910:
900:
889:. Retrieved
885:the original
875:
864:. Retrieved
861:the Guardian
860:
850:
791:Indo-Pacific
759:
755:
744:
740:
728:
644:
637:
633:
621:
583:
558:through the
549:
535:Europe route
522:
502:
485:
465:
440:
431:Laem Chabang
424:
392:
358:
311:
284:
283:In the 2018
282:
184:
181:
171:
165:
158:
144:
128:
74:through the
72:Kuala Lumpur
57:
44:
40:
28:
26:
3308:Third World
3273:Arab League
3175:New Zealand
3119:Switzerland
3069:Netherlands
2874:South Korea
2854:Philippines
2832:North Korea
2705:Afghanistan
2624:El Salvador
2508:South Sudan
2398:Ivory Coast
1826:Panda bonds
1528:(Indonesia)
1374:Geopolitics
1274:Geopolitics
690:Fos-sur-Mer
568:East Africa
263:Port Darwin
3515:Categories
3226:Yugoslavia
3165:Micronesia
3099:San Marino
3064:Montenegro
3054:Luxembourg
2926:Uzbekistan
2901:Tajikistan
2792:Kyrgyzstan
2787:Kazakhstan
2740:East Timor
2720:Bangladesh
2715:Azerbaijan
2604:Costa Rica
2488:Seychelles
2453:Mozambique
2438:Mauritania
2423:Madagascar
2318:Cape Verde
1492:(Thailand)
1348:2019-04-03
1002:2019-04-02
969:2019-04-02
945:2019-04-02
916:2019-04-02
891:2019-04-02
866:2019-04-02
842:References
836:Suez Canal
723:See also:
719:Challenges
629:Suez Canal
625:East Asian
579:Li Keqiang
560:Suez Canal
545:Suez Canal
279:: 98 years
269:: 99 years
259:: 50 years
252:: 60 years
242:: 99 years
236:Hambantota
232:: 99 Years
226:: 10 years
216:: 60 years
206:: 50 years
196:: 40 years
150:Xi Jinping
137:strategy.
100:Suez Canal
37:21世纪海上丝绸之路
3341:Diplomacy
3283:Caribbean
3150:Australia
3049:Lithuania
2886:Sri Lanka
2869:Singapore
2849:Palestine
2755:Indonesia
2689:Venezuela
2654:Nicaragua
2564:Argentina
2443:Mauritius
2016:Political
1917:Platforms
1807:Financial
1774:Hulhumalé
1731:Corridors
1498:(Vietnam)
1402:157911700
1394:1465-0045
1294:152063288
1254:2352-5207
1113:158529092
1057:sipri.org
997:0099-9660
751:provinces
714:Hong Kong
710:Singapore
682:La Spezia
670:Singapore
662:Hong Kong
658:Kaohsiung
554:, follow
505:Kaohsiung
421:Indonesia
403:Hong Kong
388:Hong Kong
341:Singapore
321:Zhanjiang
277:Australia
267:Australia
240:Sri Lanka
124:North Sea
78:then via
68:Singapore
53:Silk Road
3481:Treaties
3379:in China
3160:Kiribati
3084:Portugal
2979:Bulgaria
2906:Thailand
2844:Pakistan
2817:Mongolia
2812:Maldives
2807:Malaysia
2735:Cambodia
2669:Suriname
2639:Honduras
2599:Colombia
2574:Barbados
2552:Americas
2543:Zimbabwe
2518:Tanzania
2368:Ethiopia
2348:Djibouti
2313:Cameroon
2298:Botswana
2205:Category
2044:Dialogue
1871:Sinosure
1814:Concepts
1767:Projects
1676:Americas
1452:projects
765:See also
694:Valencia
650:Shanghai
640:Valencia
617:Valencia
615:Port of
604:Port of
570:and the
513:Umm Qasr
364:Shanghai
301:Shanghai
257:Maldives
224:Djibouti
214:Malaysia
200:Kyaukpyu
194:Pakistan
122:and the
108:Istanbul
96:Djibouti
3469:Albania
3303:Oceania
3263:BIMSTEC
3205:Vanuatu
3143:Oceania
3124:Ukraine
3089:Romania
3059:Moldova
3034:Ireland
3029:Iceland
3024:Hungary
3014:Germany
3004:Finland
2999:Denmark
2984:Croatia
2974:Belgium
2969:Belarus
2964:Austria
2959:Albania
2931:Vietnam
2879:History
2837:History
2822:Myanmar
2802:Lebanon
2780:history
2745:Georgia
2710:Armenia
2684:Uruguay
2644:Jamaica
2629:Grenada
2619:Ecuador
2579:Bolivia
2569:Bahamas
2528:Tunisia
2498:Somalia
2483:Senegal
2468:Nigeria
2458:Namibia
2448:Morocco
2413:Liberia
2408:Lesotho
2363:Eritrea
2333:Comoros
2308:Burundi
2283:Algeria
1840:Banking
1662:LAPSSET
1602:TRACECA
1566:Eurasia
1031:3 April
706:Colombo
698:Piraeus
678:Trieste
674:Piraeus
666:Yantian
646:Qingdao
606:Trieste
591:Central
587:Trieste
562:to the
556:Red Sea
488:Pipavav
476:Colombo
468:Karachi
451:Bangkok
427:Jakarta
415:Xingang
360:Qingdao
349:Palawan
329:Yantian
313:Qinzhou
303:, China
210:Kuantan
204:Myanmar
141:History
116:Trieste
92:Mombasa
80:Colombo
64:Jakarta
33:Chinese
3464:Soviet
3268:Africa
3114:Sweden
3104:Serbia
3094:Russia
3079:Poland
3074:Norway
3044:Kosovo
3019:Greece
3009:France
2989:Cyprus
2952:Europe
2911:Turkey
2896:Taiwan
2770:Israel
2730:Brunei
2725:Bhutan
2659:Panama
2649:Mexico
2589:Canada
2584:Brazil
2538:Zambia
2533:Uganda
2473:Rwanda
2428:Malawi
2388:Guinea
2378:Gambia
2288:Angola
2276:Africa
2023:Policy
1848:Policy
1667:VICMED
1630:Africa
1400:
1392:
1362:China.
1343:Forbes
1292:
1252:
1111:
995:
702:Jeddah
654:Ningbo
525:Jeddah
509:Xiamen
472:Mundra
443:Shekou
411:Penang
399:Xiamen
395:Dalian
372:Manila
368:Ningbo
345:Yangon
333:Nansha
325:Gaolan
317:Yangpu
250:Brunei
190:Gwadar
112:Athens
35::
3278:BRICS
3200:Tonga
3190:Samoa
3170:Nauru
3109:Spain
3039:Italy
2943:Yemen
2891:Syria
2859:Qatar
2827:Nepal
2775:Japan
2750:India
2634:Haiti
2594:Chile
2513:Sudan
2463:Niger
2418:Libya
2403:Kenya
2383:Ghana
2373:Gabon
2353:Egypt
2293:Benin
1924:Funds
1692:Theme
1398:S2CID
1324:Ibid.
1306:Ibid.
1290:S2CID
1189:2017.
1109:S2CID
1074:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
735:ASEAN
686:Genoa
529:Sudan
407:Klang
246:Muara
220:Obock
104:Haifa
84:India
60:Hanoi
3180:Niue
3155:Fiji
2797:Laos
2765:Iraq
2760:Iran
2698:Asia
2664:Peru
2609:Cuba
2523:Togo
2433:Mali
2328:Chad
2094:APEC
2070:2023
2065:2019
2060:2017
1606:TITR
1464:Asia
1390:ISSN
1315:Ibid
1250:ISSN
1033:2019
993:ISSN
593:and
129:The
110:and
88:Malé
86:via
70:and
27:The
2089:G20
1382:doi
1282:doi
1240:doi
1101:doi
161:USD
126:.
62:to
45:MSR
3517::
3377:/
1396:.
1388:.
1378:22
1376:.
1341:.
1329:^
1288:.
1278:22
1276:.
1262:^
1248:.
1234:.
1230:.
1107:.
1097:29
1095:.
1076:.
1055:.
1041:^
1019:.
991:.
987:.
962:.
933:.
909:.
859:.
749:,
417:.
275:,
265:,
248:,
238:,
222:,
212:,
202:,
192:,
106:,
66:,
55:.
3370:)
3366:(
3358:)
3354:(
2239:e
2232:t
2225:v
1604:/
1590:/
1509:/
1478:/
1435:e
1428:t
1421:v
1404:.
1384::
1351:.
1296:.
1284::
1256:.
1242::
1236:2
1115:.
1103::
1035:.
1005:.
972:.
948:.
919:.
894:.
869:.
43:(
31:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
