40:
20:
124:. This in part due to the lack of ergonomic theory relating to how to identify key landmarks on the body morphology. The suitability of 3D body scanning is also context dependent as the measurements taken and the precision of the machine are highly relative to the task in hand rather than being an absolute. Additionally, a key limitation of 3D body scanning has been the upfront cost of the equipment and the required skills by which to collect data and apply it to scientific and technical fields. However, the utilization of depth cameras on recent smartphones helps reduce the cost of 3D scans. One example of this is the recent free face scan app available on the Apple App Store. For detailed investigation of the changes of the body dimensions a high speed (4D) scanning systems were developed by
261:
258:
59:, 3D depth sensing, stereoscopic vision and others for ergonomic and anthropometric investigation of the human form as a point-cloud. The technology and practice within research has found 3D body scanning measurement extraction methodologies to be comparable to traditional anthropometric measurement techniques.
162:
The standard scanning protocol, however, produces no measurements that fail to meet the precision of manual measurement methods or ISO 20685:2010 tolerances. But through consecutive scanning and a free algorithm called GRYPHON, 97.5% of measurements meet ISO 20685:2010; a precision increase of 327%.
158:
Although the process has been established for a considerable amount of time with international conferences held annually for industry and academics (e.g. the
International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning Technologies), the protocol and process of how to scan individuals is yet to be
455:
248:", in D'Apuzzo, N. (Ed.), Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2017 – 8th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Montreal QC, Canada, 11–12 Oct. 2017, Hometrica Consulting – Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo, Ascona, Switzerland, pp. 298–305.
159:
universally formalised. However, earlier research has proposed a standardised protocol of body scanning based on research and practice that demonstrates how non-standardised protocol and posture significantly influences body measurements; including the hip.
119:
However, despite the potential for the technology to have an impact in made-to-measure and mass customisation of items with ergonomic properties, 3D body scanning has yet to reach an early adopter or early majority stage of
806:
702:
Gill, Simeon; Hayes, S; Parker, Christopher J. (2016). "3D Body
Scanning: Towards Shared Protocols for Data Collection- Addressing the needs of the body scanning community for ensuring comparable data collection".
277:
Bougourd, J.P., Dekker, L., Grant Ross, P. and Ward, J.P. (2000), 'A Comparison of Women's Sizing by 3D Electronic
Scanning and Traditional Anthropometry', Journal of The Textile Institute, Vol. 91 No. 2, pp.
144:, but the analysis and application of this data seems to be challenging. Main worldwide events for scientific exchange in the area of 3D and 4D body scanning are the annual
921:
Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2022 - 13th
International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 25-26 October 2022
626:
Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2022 - 13th
International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 25-26 October 2022
511:
Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2017 - 8th
International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Montreal QC, Canada, 11-12 Oct. 2017
474:
Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2017 - 8th
International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Montreal QC, Canada, 11-12 Oct. 2017
472:
Gill, Simeon; Ahmed, Maryam; Parker, Christopher J.; Hayes, Steven G. (2017). "Not All Body
Scanning Measurements Are Valid: Perspectives from Pattern Practice".
755:
Mckinnon, L. and Istook, C. L. (2002), "Body scanning: The effects of subject respiration and foot positioning on the data integrity of scanned measurements",
191:
245:
692:
Chi, L. and Kennon, R. (2006), 'Body scanning of dynamic posture', International
Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 166–178.
132:). Scanning of moving humans with clothing at high resolution (usually 10–60 Hz) is technically possible, as reported multiple times by Chris
225:
349:
Stewart, A.; Ledingham, R.; Williams, H. (2017). "Variability in body size and shape of UK offshore workers: A cluster analysis approach".
327:
532:
39:
394:
Choi, S.; Ashdown, S. P. (2011). "3D body scan analysis of dimensional change in lower body measurements for active body positions".
513:. 3DBODY.TECH 2017 – 8th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies. pp. 298–305.
476:. 3DBODY.TECH 2017 – 8th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies. pp. 43–52.
19:
917:"Method for Automatic Analysis of the Clothing Related Body Dimension Changes During Motion Using High-Speed (4D) Body Scanning"
622:"Method for Automatic Analysis of the Clothing Related Body Dimension Changes During Motion Using High-Speed (4D) Body Scanning"
296:
938:
725:
643:
593:
668:
731:
67:
While the technology is still developing in its application, the technology has regularly been applied in the areas of:
845:
526:
489:
454:. 5th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning Technologies. Lugano, Switzerland. pp. 55–65.
268:', Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, MCB UP Ltd, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 306–332.
259:
Body measurement techniques: Comparing 3D body-scanning and anthropometric methods for apparel applications
451:
The True Height of the Waist: Explorations of automated body scanner waist definitions of the TC2 scanner
56:
866:
Parker, Christopher J.; Gill, Simeon; Harwood, Adrian; Hayes, Steven G.; Ahmed, Maryam (19 May 2021).
554:
507:"3D Body Scanning has Suitable Reliability: An Anthropometric Investigation for Garment Construction"
771:"Scan posture definition and hip girth measurement: the impact on clothing design and body scanning"
578:
Proc. of 3DBODY.TECH 2021 - 12th Int. Conf. and Exh. on 3D Body
Scanning and Processing Technologies
973:
421:
Gill, S. (2015). "A review of research and innovation in garment sizing, prototyping and fitting".
246:
3D Body Scanning has Suitable Reliability: An Anthropometric Investigation for Garment Construction
149:
72:
137:
978:
319:
916:
621:
506:
320:"The Naked Labs smart mirror scanned our nearly naked bodies and we don't know what to think"
988:
133:
121:
8:
983:
968:
219:
104:
868:"A Method for Increasing 3D Body Scanning's Precision: Gryphon and Consecutive Scanning"
573:
944:
798:
649:
599:
203:
706:
Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation
948:
934:
897:
889:
790:
721:
653:
639:
603:
589:
522:
485:
449:
376:
802:
288:
924:
879:
782:
713:
629:
581:
514:
477:
430:
403:
366:
358:
199:
884:
867:
786:
434:
362:
265:
213:
187:
195:
962:
893:
717:
704:
407:
216: – High-resolution technique in gesture recognition and image processing
141:
901:
839:
794:
380:
92:
827:
183:
179:
175: – Scanning of an object or environment to collect data on its shape
172:
770:
915:
Kyosev, Yordan; Tomanova, Vanda; Schmidt, Ann-Malin (25 October 2022).
620:
Kyosev, Yordan; Tomanova, Vanda; Schmidt, Ann-Malin (25 October 2022).
109:
98:
371:
85:
44:
32:
28:
24:
518:
481:
448:
Gill, S.; Parker, C. J.; Hayes, S.; Wren, P.; Panchenko, A. (2014).
929:
923:. Lugano, Switzerland: Hometrica Consulting - Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo.
634:
585:
81:
35:
from 2D pictures of patrons taken at its Fantasitron photo booth.
505:
Parker, Christopher J.; Gill, Simeon; Hayes, Steven G. (2017).
129:
844:, Research IT, University of Manchester, UK, 21 October 2020,
208:
145:
31:
using gypsum-based printing, from models reconstructed by
222: – Topic in computer science and language technology
348:
865:
555:"3D Face Scanner iOS App Collecting Data for Research"
914:
619:
574:"4D Scanning of Clothed Humans - Preliminary Results"
471:
125:
447:
669:"The dynamic relation between humans and clothing"
55:is an application of various technologies such as
960:
244:Parker, C.J., Gill, S. and Hayes, S.G. (2017), "
701:
572:Kuehn, Tino; Kyosev, Yordan (19 October 2021).
504:
769:Gill, Simeon; Parker, Christopher J. (2017).
628:. Lugano, Switzerland: Hometrica Consulting.
128:and Instituto de Biomemechanics de Valencia (
666:
757:Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management
571:
393:
77:Fashion design (e.g. garments, accessories)
768:
209:Mirrorsize- 3D Body Measurement Technology
95:evaluation (i.e. for weight-loss purposes)
928:
883:
633:
370:
148:and Clothing-Body-Interaction conference
257:Simmons, K.P. and Istook, C.L. (2003), '
115:Comparison of changes in body positions
38:
18:
461:from the original on 28 September 2018.
16:Measurment of the body as a point cloud
961:
615:
613:
809:from the original on 22 October 2020
737:from the original on 7 November 2017
667:O'Mahony, Marie (9 September 2021).
420:
330:from the original on 26 January 2021
299:from the original on 3 February 2017
153:
13:
610:
535:from the original on 30 April 2018
14:
1000:
317:
848:from the original on 2 July 2021
908:
859:
832:
821:
762:
749:
695:
686:
660:
565:
547:
498:
465:
62:
441:
414:
387:
342:
311:
281:
271:
251:
238:
43:Fantasitron 3D photo booth at
1:
885:10.1080/00140139.2021.1931473
787:10.1080/00140139.2016.1251621
435:10.1080/00405167.2015.1023512
289:"List of Papers - 3DBST 2016"
231:
759:, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 103–121.
363:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.07.001
7:
166:
57:structured-light 3D scanner
10:
1005:
264:28 September 2018 at the
27:in 1:20 scale printed by
718:10.2991/iwama-16.2016.53
408:10.1177/0040517510377822
396:Textile Research Journal
673:Innovation in Textiles
293:www.3dbodyscanning.org
182:is equipment used for
146:3DBody.Tech Conference
47:
36:
841:UoMResearchIT/Gryphon
42:
22:
712:. pp. 281–284.
122:innovation diffusion
71:Adapted performance
220:Gesture recognition
105:3D body measurement
351:Applied Ergonomics
204:multi-camera setup
48:
37:
940:978-3-033-09520-5
727:978-94-6252-243-5
645:978-3-033-09520-5
595:978-3-033-08853-5
154:Scanning protocol
996:
953:
952:
932:
912:
906:
905:
887:
863:
857:
856:
855:
853:
836:
830:
825:
819:
818:
816:
814:
781:(8): 1123–1136.
766:
760:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
736:
711:
699:
693:
690:
684:
683:
681:
679:
664:
658:
657:
637:
617:
608:
607:
569:
563:
562:
551:
545:
544:
542:
540:
502:
496:
495:
469:
463:
462:
460:
445:
439:
438:
423:Textile Progress
418:
412:
411:
391:
385:
384:
374:
346:
340:
339:
337:
335:
315:
309:
308:
306:
304:
285:
279:
275:
269:
255:
249:
242:
200:structured light
101:body measurement
53:3D body scanning
1004:
1003:
999:
998:
997:
995:
994:
993:
974:Computer vision
959:
958:
957:
956:
941:
913:
909:
864:
860:
851:
849:
838:
837:
833:
826:
822:
812:
810:
767:
763:
754:
750:
740:
738:
734:
728:
709:
700:
696:
691:
687:
677:
675:
665:
661:
646:
618:
611:
596:
570:
566:
553:
552:
548:
538:
536:
529:
519:10.15221/17.298
503:
499:
492:
482:10.15221/17.043
470:
466:
458:
446:
442:
419:
415:
392:
388:
347:
343:
333:
331:
316:
312:
302:
300:
287:
286:
282:
276:
272:
266:Wayback Machine
256:
252:
243:
239:
234:
214:Finger tracking
169:
156:
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1002:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
955:
954:
939:
930:10.15221/22.24
907:
858:
831:
828:ISO 20685:2010
820:
761:
748:
726:
694:
685:
659:
644:
635:10.15221/22.24
609:
594:
586:10.15221/21.25
564:
559:apps.apple.com
546:
527:
497:
490:
464:
440:
413:
386:
357:(1): 265–272.
341:
310:
280:
270:
250:
236:
235:
233:
230:
229:
228:
223:
217:
211:
206:
196:motion capture
176:
168:
165:
155:
152:
117:
116:
113:
112:classification
107:
102:
96:
89:
78:
75:
64:
61:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1001:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
979:Anthropometry
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
964:
950:
946:
942:
936:
931:
926:
922:
918:
911:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
847:
843:
842:
835:
829:
824:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
765:
758:
752:
733:
729:
723:
719:
715:
708:
707:
698:
689:
674:
670:
663:
655:
651:
647:
641:
636:
631:
627:
623:
616:
614:
605:
601:
597:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
568:
560:
556:
550:
534:
530:
528:9783033064362
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
501:
493:
491:9783033064362
487:
483:
479:
475:
468:
457:
453:
452:
444:
436:
432:
428:
424:
417:
409:
405:
401:
397:
390:
382:
378:
373:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
345:
329:
325:
321:
314:
298:
294:
290:
284:
274:
267:
263:
260:
254:
247:
241:
237:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
171:
170:
164:
160:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:Yordan Kyosev
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
114:
111:
108:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
79:
76:
74:
70:
69:
68:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
34:
30:
26:
21:
920:
910:
878:(1): 39–59.
875:
871:
861:
850:, retrieved
840:
834:
823:
813:16 September
811:. Retrieved
778:
774:
764:
756:
751:
739:. Retrieved
705:
697:
688:
676:. Retrieved
672:
662:
625:
577:
567:
558:
549:
537:. Retrieved
510:
500:
473:
467:
450:
443:
426:
422:
416:
402:(1): 81–93.
399:
395:
389:
354:
350:
344:
334:16 September
332:. Retrieved
323:
313:
301:. Retrieved
292:
283:
273:
253:
240:
161:
157:
118:
93:morphometric
66:
63:Applications
52:
51:
49:
989:Measurement
429:(1): 1–85.
318:Crist, Ry.
226:4D scanning
198:often with
192:reflectance
180:light stage
173:3D scanning
80:3D printed
984:Ergonomics
969:3D imaging
963:Categories
872:Ergonomics
775:Ergonomics
741:5 November
678:21 January
372:10059/1591
303:2 February
232:References
136:, Alfredo
110:Body shape
86:3D selfies
73:sportswear
949:252706138
894:0014-0139
654:252706138
604:245761193
138:Ballester
99:Ergonomic
82:figurines
45:Madurodam
33:Madurodam
29:Shapeways
25:3D selfie
902:34006206
846:archived
807:Archived
803:23758581
795:27764997
732:Archived
539:30 April
533:Archived
456:Archived
381:27633221
328:Archived
297:Archived
278:163–173.
262:Archived
167:See also
188:texture
947:
937:
900:
892:
852:19 May
801:
793:
724:
652:
642:
602:
592:
525:
488:
379:
202:and a
945:S2CID
799:S2CID
735:(PDF)
710:(PDF)
650:S2CID
600:S2CID
459:(PDF)
184:shape
935:ISBN
898:PMID
890:ISSN
854:2021
815:2021
791:PMID
743:2017
722:ISBN
680:2023
640:ISBN
590:ISBN
541:2018
523:ISBN
486:ISBN
377:PMID
336:2021
324:CNET
305:2017
194:and
140:and
134:Lane
126:3dMD
925:doi
880:doi
783:doi
714:doi
630:doi
582:doi
515:doi
478:doi
431:doi
404:doi
367:hdl
359:doi
130:IBV
91:3D
965::
943:.
933:.
919:.
896:.
888:.
876:65
874:.
870:.
805:.
797:.
789:.
779:60
777:.
773:.
730:.
720:.
671:.
648:.
638:.
624:.
612:^
598:.
588:.
580:.
576:.
557:.
531:.
521:.
509:.
484:.
427:47
425:.
400:81
398:.
375:.
365:.
355:58
353:.
326:.
322:.
295:.
291:.
190:,
186:,
178:A
23:A
951:.
927::
904:.
882::
817:.
785::
745:.
716::
682:.
656:.
632::
606:.
584::
561:.
543:.
517::
494:.
480::
437:.
433::
410:.
406::
383:.
369::
361::
338:.
307:.
88:)
84:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
