361:, who headed the justice and security commission, the group was originally called "Texas" and was known for holding up residents and stealing motorcycles. Senatus himself had also received death threats from the group. Their alleged leader is Wilson Joseph who goes by the nickname "Lanmò San Jou" or "Lanmò Sanjou", which literally means "death knows no days." He flaunted the arrest warrant against him in online videos detailing his group's crimes. The group's second-in-command is Joly "Yonyon" Germine, who is currently incarcerated.
329:. It largely consists of deportees, former leaders of opposition groups, former smugglers and police officers. In 2022, it aligned itself with "G-Pep" after its leader was extradited to the United States. It came to international attention in October 2021 when it kidnapped U.S. citizens acting as missionaries in
430:
extended to the prison, the voting station, and the only route connecting Port-au-Prince to the north of the island. In addition to truck hijackings, they are involved in smuggling contraband and the traffic of drugs, arms, and people along the border with the
Dominican Republic. On 1 February 2024,
426:, 400 Mawozo was feared in 2022 because of their innovative methods, in particular "express kidnapping", but also for the "high-powered weaponry, participation criminal economies, and political connections" which permit all gangs to prosper in Haiti. In 2022, their control of
402:
on his way to interview Jimmy Chérizier. Members of the 400 Mawozo gang demanded a ransom of $ 600,000 for his release. The U.S. State
Department confirmed that a U.S. citizen had been kidnapped. Maalouf was released unharmed later that month.
357:, means 400 simpletons, or untrained men. Although kidnappings have been its new trade, the gang is known for threatening the use of rape and assassination to maintain power over the areas it controls. According to former Haitian Senator
293:
364:
On 16 December 2021, the
Haitian justice minister announced that all the captives had been freed. Later it was found out that they had escaped. Several of the captives had been freed in earlier weeks.
769:
698:
839:
603:
665:
537:
353:. In a previous kidnapping, in April 2021, the group demanded $ 1 million apiece for the release of Catholic missionaries. The gang's name, loosely translated from
496:
300:
1050:
881:
1032:
689:
127:
202:
721:
932:
798:
770:"U.S. Department of State Announces Reward Offers for Information Leading to the Arrests and/or Convictions of Three Haitian Gang Leaders"
268:
862:
1074:
828:
447:
rifle, and a .50 caliber rifle, described by the ATF as a military weapon," into Haiti, piloting the operation from a
Haitian prison.
958:
431:
Joly
Germine, the self-proclaimed "king" of the 400 Mawozo gang, pleaded guilty in a U.S. federal court to smuggling arms such as "
594:
111:
987:
419:. In December 2023, Joseph Wilson and three other gang leaders, including Vitel'Homme Innocent, became subject to UN sanctions.
1094:
286:
656:
398:
On 13 March 2024, a YouTube personality specialized in touring dangerous places—YourFellowArab (Addison Pierre
Maalouf)—was
349:-based Christian Aid Ministries were abducted by 400 Mawozo. Typically, after a kidnapping, the gang makes a demand for a
520:
747:
560:
368:
182:
253:
487:
225:
388:
1084:
412:
220:
1089:
399:
392:
1051:"'King' of Violent Haitian Gang Pleads Guilty To Gun Smuggling and Money Laundering After Government's Case"
456:
907:
132:
803:
777:
1013:
1099:
416:
384:
243:
197:
143:
1079:
466:
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273:
863:"Haitian gang leader added to FBI's Ten Most Wanted list for kidnapping and killing Americans"
521:"American missionaries and family members kidnapped in Haiti by '400 Mawozo' gang, groups say"
358:
148:
8:
959:"Carnage at la Plaine du Cul-de-Sac: The survivors demand the support of the authorities"
380:
263:
625:
427:
192:
882:"US YouTuber YourFellowArab Kidnapped In Haiti While Trying To Interview Gang Leader"
568:
529:
461:
187:
167:
561:"Gang suspected in kidnapping of missionaries is among the country's most dangerous"
748:"Remaining missionaries kidnapped in Haiti released by gang, says justice minister"
248:
657:"Who is 400 Mawozo, the Haitian gang accused of kidnapping American missionaries?"
933:"YouTuber YourFellowArab allegedly released for no ransom after Haiti kidnapping"
376:
326:
57:
765:
354:
330:
61:
1068:
572:
533:
423:
687:
Thomas, Gessika; Ellsworth, Brian (21 October 2021). Bell, Alistair (ed.).
690:"Haiti's 400 Mawozo rose from petty crime gang to major kidnapping ring"
440:
98:
1033:"'A criminal economy': How US arms fuel deadly gang violence in Haiti"
415:
between the rival gangs, 400 Mawozo and Chen Mechan, occurred in the
153:
318:
72:
49:
829:"U.S. charges Haitian gang leaders for 2021 missionary kidnapping"
595:"Up to 17 U.S. missionaries and family kidnapped in Haiti - media"
834:
799:"US charges Haitian gang leaders over kidnappings, offers reward"
345:
On
Saturday, 16 October 2021, 17 Christian missionaries from the
322:
53:
387:—for their roles in the kidnappings. Innocent was added to the
350:
90:
722:"Gang with past abductions blamed for kidnapping missionaries"
908:"YouTuber YourFellowArab Released Following Haiti Kidnapping"
436:
432:
334:
826:
Ellsworth, Brian (7 November 2022). O'Brien, Rosalba (ed.).
375:
each for information leading to the arrest or conviction of
346:
94:
626:"Haiti kidnap: 400 Mawozo accused of US missionary kidnap"
489:
Gangs of Haiti: Expansion, power and an escalating crisis
497:
Global
Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
559:
MĂ©heut, Constant; Abi-Habib, Maria (17 October 2021).
1030:
317:gang is the largest gang in Haiti, mainly based in
988:"UN, US slap sanctions on four Haiti gang leaders"
827:
746:GallĂłn, Natalie; Rivers, Matt (16 December 2021).
688:
655:
593:
519:
1066:
128:Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies
980:
686:
558:
203:Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti
1057:. U.S. Department of Justice. 1 February 2024.
720:Coto, Dánica; Sanon, Evens (17 October 2021).
966:National Human Rights Defense Network (RNDDH)
294:
745:
1031:Kestler-D'Amours, Jillian (25 March 2024).
301:
287:
825:
719:
1024:
905:
879:
860:
764:
1067:
653:
517:
485:
321:and in the Port-au-Prince suburbs of
258:
873:
842:from the original on 7 November 2022
701:from the original on 21 October 2021
668:from the original on 18 October 2021
649:
647:
606:from the original on 17 October 2021
540:from the original on 17 October 2021
861:Spencer, Terry (15 November 2023).
518:Faiola, Anthony (17 October 2021).
379:and two other Haitian gang leaders—
13:
880:Sukheja, Bhavya (March 30, 2024).
654:Berger, Miriam (18 October 2021).
14:
1111:
906:Shaukat, Rahman (31 March 2024).
644:
371:announced reward offers of up to
369:United States Department of State
406:
1043:
1006:
951:
925:
899:
854:
819:
791:
758:
486:Walker, Summer (October 2022).
389:Federal Bureau of Investigation
739:
713:
680:
618:
586:
552:
511:
479:
340:
254:Assassination of Jovenel MoĂŻse
1:
1095:Mass kidnappings in the 2020s
1075:Haitian crisis (2018–present)
472:
183:Haitian crisis (2018–present)
417:Plain of the Cul-de-Sac area
82:Wilson "Lanmò Sanjou" Joseph
7:
450:
10:
1116:
120:
104:
86:
78:
68:
45:
37:
29:
1055:Office of Public Affairs
778:U.S. Department of State
457:List of mass kidnappings
367:On 7 November 2022, the
144:Haitian National Police
467:2024 Haitian jailbreak
259:Missionary kidnappings
133:Haitian Tèt Kale Party
1085:Christianity in Haiti
393:Most Wanted Fugitives
21:Criminal organization
1090:2021 crimes in Haiti
867:The Associated Press
385:Vitel'Homme Innocent
221:Plaine du Cul-de-Sac
198:Vitel'Homme Innocent
149:Haitian Armed Forces
768:(7 November 2022).
602:. 17 October 2021.
499:. pp. 4, 17–18
411:In April–May 2022,
383:, or Gaspiyay; and
381:Jermaine Stephenson
26:
766:Blinken, Antony J.
565:The New York Times
428:Croix-des-Bouquets
395:in November 2023.
359:Jean Renel Senatus
244:La Saline massacre
24:
994:. 9 December 2023
807:. 7 November 2022
632:. 18 October 2021
462:Gang war in Haiti
311:
310:
188:Gang war in Haiti
168:Gang war in Haiti
162:
161:
38:Years active
1107:
1059:
1058:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1020:. 23 March 2022.
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249:Bel Air massacre
164:
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27:
23:
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939:. 30 March 2024
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662:Washington Post
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453:
409:
372:
343:
307:
278:
269:Police killings
230:
207:
193:Jimmy Chérizier
158:
116:
41:c. 2020–present
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1113:
1103:
1102:
1100:Gangs in Haiti
1097:
1092:
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1077:
1061:
1060:
1042:
1023:
1005:
979:
968:. 27 June 2022
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738:
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551:
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331:Port-au-Prince
309:
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280:
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271:
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264:Cabaret attack
261:
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226:Port-au-Prince
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62:Port-au-Prince
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20:
15:
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4:
3:
2:
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1080:2021 in Haiti
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1018:Insight Crime
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424:Insight Crime
422:According to
420:
418:
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407:2022 gang war
404:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:US$ 1,000,000
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1014:"400 Mawozo"
1008:
996:. Retrieved
991:
982:
970:. Retrieved
965:
953:
941:. Retrieved
936:
927:
915:. Retrieved
911:
901:
889:. Retrieved
885:
875:
866:
856:
844:. Retrieved
833:
821:
809:. Retrieved
802:
793:
781:. Retrieved
773:
760:
751:
741:
729:. Retrieved
725:
715:
703:. Retrieved
694:
682:
670:. Retrieved
661:
634:. Retrieved
629:
620:
608:. Retrieved
599:
588:
576:. Retrieved
564:
554:
542:. Retrieved
525:
513:
503:30 September
501:. Retrieved
488:
481:
421:
410:
397:
377:Lanmò Sanjou
366:
363:
344:
327:PĂ©tion-Ville
314:
312:
137:
58:PĂ©tion-Ville
18:
16:Haitian gang
391:'s list of
341:Kidnappings
1069:Categories
1037:Al Jazeera
846:8 November
811:8 November
804:Al-Jazeera
783:8 November
731:18 October
705:22 October
672:18 October
636:18 October
610:18 October
578:18 October
544:18 October
495:. Geneva:
473:References
443:rifle, an
441:M4 carbine
315:400 Mawozo
174:Background
140:vigilantes
99:kidnapping
87:Activities
25:400 Mawozo
972:29 August
912:Game Rant
891:March 30,
774:State.gov
573:0362-4331
534:0190-8286
400:kidnapped
274:Jailbreak
154:Zoe Pound
79:Leader(s)
69:Ethnicity
46:Territory
998:26 March
943:15 April
917:15 April
886:NDTV.com
840:Archived
699:Archived
666:Archived
630:BBC News
604:Archived
538:Archived
451:See also
319:Ganthier
138:Bwa kale
50:Ganthier
992:Reuters
937:Dexerto
835:Reuters
726:AP NEWS
695:Reuters
600:Reuters
413:clashes
323:Tabarre
235:Attacks
212:Battles
73:Haitian
64:, Haiti
54:Tabarre
33:c. 2020
30:Founded
571:
532:
437:AR-15s
433:AK-47s
355:Creole
351:ransom
121:Rivals
105:Allies
91:Murder
962:(PDF)
493:(PDF)
439:, an
335:Haiti
112:G-Pep
1000:2024
974:2023
945:2024
919:2024
893:2024
848:2022
813:2022
785:2022
733:2021
707:2021
674:2021
638:2021
612:2021
580:2021
569:ISSN
546:2021
530:ISSN
505:2023
347:Ohio
325:and
313:The
95:rape
56:and
752:CNN
445:M1A
1071::
1053:.
1035:.
1016:.
990:.
964:.
935:.
910:.
884:.
865:.
838:.
832:.
801:.
776:.
772:.
750:.
724:.
697:.
693:.
664:.
660:.
646:^
628:.
598:.
567:.
563:.
536:.
528:.
524:.
435:,
337:.
333:,
97:,
93:,
60:,
52:,
1039:.
1002:.
976:.
947:.
921:.
895:.
869:.
850:.
815:.
787:.
754:.
735:.
709:.
676:.
640:.
614:.
582:.
548:.
507:.
302:e
295:t
288:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.