198:
in A6, A7 and A8 in the discus, women in A6, A7 and A8 in the shot put, women in the A6, A7 and A8 in the long jump, women in A5 and A6 in the 100 meter race, women in A6, A7 and A8 in the 100 meter race, women in A5, A6, A7 and A8 in the 100 meter race, men in the A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 and A9 in the discus, men in A6, A7 and A8 in the discus, men in A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 and A9 in the javelin, men in A6, A7 and A8 in the javelin, men in A4, A5 and A6 in the high jump, men in A6, A7 and A8 in the high jump, men in A5, A6 and A7 in the long jump, men in A6, A7 and A8 in the long jump, men in A5 and A6 in the 100 meter race, men in A6, A7 and A8 in the 100 meter race, men in A5, A6 and A7 in the 100 meter race, men in A6 and A7 in the 400 meter race, men in A5, A6 and A7 in the 400 meter race, men in A5 and A6 in the 1,500 meter race, and men in A6 and A7 in the 1,500 meter race.
278:
classified as "les autres" or who have lesser amputations that would not qualify them for ISOD classification. It is not open to people with spinal cord injuries. Play is open, with no requirements as to which types of disabilities are on the court at any time. Ten pin bowling is also open to people in this class. They compete in the TPB10 class. Rowing is another sport open to people with amputations. In 1991, the first internationally accepted adaptive rowing classification system was established and put into use. People from this class were initially classified as A1 for people with single limb amputations.
1184:
307:
37:(ISOD) for people with acquired or congenital amputations. People in this class have one arm amputated above or through the elbow joint. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including being more prone to overuse injuries. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, cycling, amputee basketball, amputee football, lawn bowls, and sitzball.
46:
294:
During the observation phase involving training or practice for track and field, athletes in this class may be asked to demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as running, jumping or throwing. A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in. Classifications may
268:
A study of was done comparing the performance of swimming competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It found there was no significant difference in performance in times between women in A4, A5 and A6 the 100 meter 100 meter freestyle, men in A5 and A6 in the 100 meter freestyle, women in A5 and A6
233:
One of the sports available to people in this class is amputee football. There are two variants of the game, one with 4 players a side and one with 7 players a side. In both variants, A2 and A4 players must be field players while A6 and A8 players must be goalkeepers. In the 4 person variant, there
206:
There is a basketball variant called amputee basketball. It uses the ISOD classification system as to whom is eligible to participate, but it is open in terms of all eligible classes, including this one, can play. There is no point system for who is allowed on the floor at any given time like there
177:
This classification was set up by ISOD, with the current version adopted in 1992 and then modified in 1993. IWAS was created following the merger of ISOD and
International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF) in 2005. Subsequently, IWAS became the classification governing body for some amputee
290:
For this class, classification generally has four phases. The first stage of classification is a health examination. For amputees, this is often done on site at a sports training facility or competition. The second stage is observation in practice, the third stage is observation in competition and
197:
For athletics competitions that use the IPC athletics classification system, this class competes in T46 and F46. A study of was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It found there was no significant difference in performance in times between women
264:
7, S8, and S9. Prior to the 1990s, this class was often grouped with other amputee classes in swimming competitions, including the
Paralympic Games. S8 and S9 swimmers in this class have similar start times to people with legs amputations in S8 to S10 classes. Because their legs are their greatest
277:
Lawn bowls is one of the sports open to people in this class. A6 competitors can be classified as LB3. This is a standing class. Another sport open to people in this class is sitzball, the precursor to sitting volleyball. It is open to A1 to A9 classified players along with anyone who might be
156:
The nature of a person's amputations in this class can effect their physiology and sports performance. Because they are missing a limb, amputees are more prone to overuse injuries in their remaining limbs. Common problems for intact upper limbs for people in this class include
295:
be
Confirmed or Review status. For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel, Provisional classification is available; this is a temporary Review classification, considered an indication of class only, and generally used only in lower levels of competition.
286:
Classification is often based on the anatomical nature of the amputation. The classification system takes several things into account when putting people into this class. These include which limbs are effected, how many limbs are effected, and how much of a limb is missing.
269:
in the 50 meter butterfly, women in A4, A5 and A6 in the 4 x 50 meter individual medley, men in A5 and A6 in the 4 x 50 meter individual medley, men and women in A4, A5 and A6 in the 100 meter backstroke, and men and women in the A4, A5 and A6 in the 100 meter breaststroke.
434:
291:
the last stage is assigning the sportsperson to a relevant class. Sometimes the health examination may not be done on site because the nature of the amputation could cause not physically visible alterations to the body.
442:
53:
This class is for people who have one arm amputated above or through the elbow joint. This classification is sometimes abbreviated as A/E. In competing in some sports, this class may have a different name:
265:
strength, they modify their entry into the water to take advantage of this. Compared to able bodied swimmers, swimmers in this class have a shorter stroke length and increased stroke rate.
552:
1518:
892:
523:
402:
334:
1335:
1164:
972:
608:
34:
225:
People in this class tend to be classified in cycling events as LC1. The class is for cyclists with upper limb disabilities including amputations.
858:
724:
489:
1511:
784:
1739:
558:
1157:
1621:
1504:
1122:
1031:. Newmarket, ON: Author. Available Federacion Espanola de Deportes de Minusvalidos Fisicos, c/- Ferraz, 16 Bajo, 28008 Madrid, Spain.
675:
1770:
1708:
1551:
1606:
694:"The (Non)sense of the Present-Day Classification System of Sports for the Disabled, Regarding Paralysed and Amputee Athletes"
1611:
1150:
672:
904:
535:
342:
1667:
1616:
1254:
1734:
1713:
1693:
1688:
1626:
1561:
1556:
1384:
1106:
955:
838:
768:
591:
382:
1698:
1652:
1647:
1631:
1003:
639:
1749:
1744:
1672:
1527:
1586:
1541:
1729:
1662:
1571:
1289:
1194:
1173:
30:
1703:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1439:
828:
243:
1581:
1566:
1349:
216:
867:
733:
498:
234:
are two halves of 15 minutes each. In the 7 person variant, there are two halves of 25 minutes each.
1576:
795:
1657:
1546:
973:"Taxonomic Theory and the ICF: Foundations for a Unified Disability Athletics Classification"
609:"Taxonomic Theory and the ICF: Foundations for a Unified Disability Athletics Classification"
1485:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
220:
192:
162:
99:
8:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
470:
261:
251:
247:
110:
20:
557:. Salt Lake City, Utah: Salt Lake Organizing Committee. 2002. p. 23. Archived from
1070:
570:
This is included as an appendix in the media guide, but it is not published by the APC.
895:[Activate e-sports for people with disabilities: Sports Classification Study]
526:[Activate e-sports for people with disabilities: Sports Classification Study]
45:
1102:
1074:
1062:
1042:
995:
951:
926:
834:
764:
668:
631:
587:
378:
158:
1183:
693:
1275:
1054:
1043:"Paralympic Classification: Conceptual Basis, Current Methods, and Research Update"
987:
623:
257:
1496:
1096:
945:
758:
581:
372:
1142:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1058:
471:"Striving for fairness in Paralympic sport-Support from applied sport science"
1764:
930:
312:
166:
1066:
999:
635:
991:
866:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
732:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
627:
497:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
19:
This article is about the parasports classification. For other uses, see
401:
Tim-Taek, Oh; Osborough, Conor; Burkett, Brendan; Payton, Carl (2015).
403:"Consideration of Passive Drag in IPC Swimming Classification System"
1041:
Tweedy, Sean M.; Beckman, Emma M.; Connick, Mark J. (August 2014).
256:
People with amputations are eligible to compete in swimming at the
944:
DeLisa, Joel A.; Gans, Bruce M.; Walsh, Nicholas E. (2005-01-01).
923:
International
Symposium Adaptive Rowing Amsterdam June, 26-27 1991
1128:. Sydney Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2 July 2010
925:. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Stichting Roeivalidatie. p. 21.
830:
Handbook of Sports
Medicine and Science, The Paralympic Athlete
1095:
Gilbert, Keith; Schantz, Otto J.; Schantz, Otto (2008-01-01).
400:
1415:
1410:
947:
Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice
260:. A6 swimmers may be found in several classes. These include
104:
1027:
856:
722:
487:
1425:
914:
827:
Vanlandewijck, Yves C.; Thompson, Walter R. (2011-07-13).
1420:
920:
435:"CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY"
1094:
826:
691:
49:
Type of amputation for an A6 classified sportsperson.
1040:
580:
Miller, Mark D.; Thompson, Stephen R. (2014-04-04).
302:
1526:
1115:
35:International Sports Organization for the Disabled
1172:
371:Pasquina, Paul F.; Cooper, Rory A. (2009-01-01).
1762:
1098:The Paralympic Games: Empowerment Or Side Show?
943:
583:DeLee & Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
579:
370:
1512:
1158:
704:. International Medical Society of Paraplegia
663:DePauw, Karen P. and Gavron, Susan J. (2005)
80:Comparable classifications in other sports
1519:
1505:
1165:
1151:
1123:"CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes"
545:
760:Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes
692:van Eijsden-Besseling, M. D. F. (1985).
44:
468:
1763:
1047:Paralympic Sports Medicine and Science
970:
606:
464:
462:
460:
396:
394:
329:
327:
325:
323:
281:
1500:
1146:
950:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
890:
857:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
852:
850:
822:
820:
818:
816:
756:
750:
723:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
687:
685:
683:
521:
488:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
429:
427:
366:
364:
362:
360:
412:. International Paralympic Committee
980:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
616:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
457:
391:
320:
13:
847:
813:
777:
680:
600:
515:
481:
424:
357:
14:
1782:
169:and peripheral nerve entrapment.
1182:
921:Stichting Roeivalidatie (1991).
305:
1528:Disability sport classification
1088:
1034:
1021:
964:
937:
884:
757:Broad, Elizabeth (2014-02-06).
716:
657:
272:
1771:Amputee sports classifications
573:
554:Alpine Skiing Technical Manual
377:. Government Printing Office.
151:
1:
1174:Amputee sports classification
893:"장애인e스포츠 활성화를 위한 스포츠 등급분류 연구"
667:. Human Kinetics Publishers.
524:"장애인e스포츠 활성화를 위한 스포츠 등급분류 연구"
298:
207:is in wheelchair basketball.
201:
172:
40:
16:Amputee sports classification
1101:. Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
586:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
475:Continuing Medical Education
244:Para-swimming classification
186:
31:amputee sport classification
7:
903:(in Korean). Archived from
534:(in Korean). Archived from
341:. June 2012. Archived from
237:
228:
217:Para-cycling classification
10:
1787:
1059:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.04.013
860:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
726:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
491:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
374:Care of the Combat Amputee
241:
214:
210:
190:
18:
1722:
1681:
1640:
1534:
1434:
1379:
1344:
1284:
1249:
1189:
1180:
833:. John Wiley & Sons.
181:
971:Tweedy, Sean M. (2002).
607:Tweedy, Sean M. (2002).
1740:Intellectual disability
50:
1668:Wheelchair basketball
1255:Wheelchair basketball
992:10.1123/apaq.19.2.220
628:10.1123/apaq.19.2.220
48:
469:Bressan, ES (2008).
335:"Classification 101"
221:LC1 (classification)
193:F46 (classification)
163:shoulder impingement
282:Becoming classified
252:S8 (classification)
248:S7 (classification)
1714:Wheelchair curling
1694:Para-nordic skiing
1689:Para-alpine skiing
1627:Wheelchair fencing
1009:on August 17, 2016
801:on August 17, 2016
645:on August 17, 2016
345:on August 16, 2016
117:Amputee basketball
51:
1758:
1757:
1699:Para-snowboarding
1653:Football 7-a-side
1648:Football 5-a-side
1632:Wheelchair tennis
1535:Individual Sports
1494:
1493:
785:"Get Into Sports"
673:978-0-7360-4638-1
149:
148:
122:Amputee football:
1778:
1750:Wheelchair sport
1723:Disability types
1673:Wheelchair rugby
1521:
1514:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1276:4.5 point player
1186:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1002:. Archived from
977:
968:
962:
961:
941:
935:
934:
918:
912:
911:
909:
898:
888:
882:
881:
879:
878:
872:
865:
854:
845:
844:
824:
811:
810:
808:
806:
800:
794:. Archived from
789:
781:
775:
774:
754:
748:
747:
745:
744:
738:
731:
720:
714:
713:
711:
709:
689:
678:
665:Disability Sport
661:
655:
654:
652:
650:
644:
638:. Archived from
613:
604:
598:
597:
577:
571:
569:
567:
566:
549:
543:
542:
540:
529:
519:
513:
512:
510:
509:
503:
496:
485:
479:
478:
466:
455:
454:
452:
450:
445:on April 4, 2015
441:. Archived from
439:Queensland Sport
431:
422:
421:
419:
417:
410:VISTA Conference
407:
398:
389:
388:
368:
355:
354:
352:
350:
331:
315:
310:
309:
308:
258:Paralympic Games
57:
56:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1718:
1677:
1636:
1587:Para-equestrian
1557:Disability golf
1542:Adaptive rowing
1530:
1525:
1495:
1490:
1430:
1375:
1340:
1280:
1245:
1187:
1176:
1171:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1006:
975:
969:
965:
958:
942:
938:
919:
915:
907:
896:
889:
885:
876:
874:
870:
863:
855:
848:
841:
825:
814:
804:
802:
798:
787:
783:
782:
778:
771:
755:
751:
742:
740:
736:
729:
721:
717:
707:
705:
690:
681:
662:
658:
648:
646:
642:
611:
605:
601:
594:
578:
574:
564:
562:
551:
550:
546:
538:
527:
520:
516:
507:
505:
501:
494:
486:
482:
467:
458:
448:
446:
433:
432:
425:
415:
413:
405:
399:
392:
385:
369:
358:
348:
346:
333:
332:
321:
311:
306:
304:
301:
284:
275:
254:
242:Main articles:
240:
231:
223:
213:
204:
195:
189:
184:
175:
154:
140:Ten-pin bowling
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1735:Cerebral palsy
1732:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1663:Sitting volley
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1572:Para-athletics
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1271:4 point player
1268:
1266:3 point player
1263:
1261:2 point player
1258:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1190:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1140:
1139:
1114:
1107:
1087:
1033:
1020:
986:(2): 220–237.
963:
956:
936:
913:
910:on 2016-08-17.
891:KOCCA (2011).
883:
846:
839:
812:
792:Paralympics GB
776:
769:
749:
715:
679:
676:(Google Books)
656:
622:(2): 220–237.
599:
592:
572:
544:
541:on 2016-08-17.
522:KOCCA (2011).
514:
480:
456:
423:
390:
383:
356:
318:
317:
316:
300:
297:
283:
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239:
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102:
97:
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91:
85:
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81:
78:
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72:
69:
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61:
42:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1783:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:Sledge racing
1707:
1705:
1704:Sledge hockey
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:Winter Sports
1680:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
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1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:Paratriathlon
1600:
1598:
1597:Para-swimming
1595:
1593:
1592:Para-shooting
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
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1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1382:
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152:Performance
128:Lawn bowls:
1745:Les Autres
877:2016-07-25
743:2016-07-25
698:Paraplegia
565:2016-07-26
508:2016-07-25
299:References
215:See also:
202:Basketball
191:See also:
173:Governance
113:7, S8, S9
68:Athletics
41:Definition
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1290:Athletics
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187:Athletics
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142:: TPB10.
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1765:Category
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1440:Swimming
1080:July 25,
1067:25134747
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178:sports.
136:: Open.
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119:: Open.
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83:Ref
64:Abbr
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