ADE 651 - Knowledge

702:

checkpoints equipped with the ADE 651. The false sense of security provided by the device had catastrophic effects for many Iraqi people, hundreds of whom were killed in bombings that the ADE 651 failed to prevent. The victim of one such bombing, 21-year-old Haneen Alwan, told the BBC that her life had been destroyed after she was caught in a bomb attack which caused injuries that killed her unborn child and prompted her husband to divorce her because of her extensive burns, which have so far required her to undergo 59 operations. She said: "When people passed through checkpoints using these devices, they thought they would be safe. But they are useless. The man who sold them has no conscience. He is morally bankrupt. How could he sell them just for money and destroy other people's lives?"

127: 585:

institutions around the world. A large proportion of these were countries where there was and still remains a real risk of terrorism and criminality. Iraq was one country which between 2008 and 2010 bought 6,000 devices at a cost in excess of $ 40 million. The devices were used at numerous checkpoints within Iraq during this period. It is clear that both civilians and armed forces personnel were put at significant risk in relying upon this equipment. McCormick showed a complete disregard for the safety of those that used and relied upon the device for their own security and protection. He amassed many millions of pounds through his greed and criminal enterprise.

613:, with Judge Elgan Edwards stating: "The circumstances were quite appalling. The applicant knew precisely what he was doing. He did it for enormous profit and that conduct simply cannot and will not be tolerated." The judge commented that "if this case does not merit the maximum possible sentence, I don't know what does." McCormick was subsequently ordered to forfeit £7,944,834 under a proceeds of crime order to recompense the organisations defrauded by him, including £2.3 million to repay Iraq. His prison sentence was extended in 2018 by a further 2 years after he refused to meet a £1.8m shortfall in these repayments. He was released in 2019. 678:

submitted our report to the Minister of the Interior. We said that the company which you made a contract with is not well-regarded internationally in the field of explosives detectors, and the price is very high and not commensurate with the abilities of this device." Al-Turehi said that the buying process had been "marred by suspicions over the equipment and the efficiency and value of the contracts. There were senior officials involved in these transactions." The initial investigation found that it could detect some bombs and the ministry went ahead with the contract despite al-Turehi's concerns. An unnamed Iraqi officer told the

622: 648:, also ordered an investigation into the effectiveness of the devices following several bomb attacks. The Iraqi parliament did not order an official investigation but Iraqi MP Nadeem al-Jabiri said: "the security and defence committee in the parliament, headed by Hadi al-Amiri, is following up this matter as part of the parliament's duty as a monitoring entity." The Interior Ministry's report noted that "many lives have been lost due to the wands' utter ineffectiveness". The report and investigation were later suppressed, and it has been alleged that corruption was the reason, as 75% of the value of the contract "went to 670:

Security and Defense Committee, said that he would push for an official investigation to "find out how this piece of equipment was sold to Iraq." If it was determined that ATSC was responsible he planned to "seek compensation via the ministry of foreign affairs." MP Haneen Kado said: "If we rely on these devices there is no point in having checkpoints. It makes the whole of Baghdad open to terrorist attacks. We are in a dangerous situation and there could be new bombings at any time. We must investigate exactly who bought and sold these detectors and see that they answer in court."

474:, it was "impossible" for the card to detect anything and it had "absolutely nothing to do with the detection of TNT". The card could not be programmed, had no memory, no microprocessor and no form of information could be stored on it. Despite the high cost of the devices, the cards were worth only about two to three pence (3–5¢) each. Kuhn commented: "These are the cheapest bit of electronics that you can get that look vaguely electronic and are sufficiently flat to fit inside a card." The "card reader" was found to be an empty plastic box. Psychology professor 666:

possibility of collusion by those who signed this contract, or whether this is the result of technical weaknesses in these devices. Either of these deserves accountability." He said that Defence Minister Abd al-Qadr Muhammed Jassim al-Obaidi had informed the Iraqi Parliament during emergency parliamentary hearings in 2009 that "the detection of car bombs and explosive material using these devices is very limited, and this increases the likelihood that these devices have low efficiency."

569:

those two countries under the Export Control Act 2002, with effect from 27 January 2010. The device had not previously been subject to export restrictions as it was non-military equipment. The department offered "cooperation with any investigation may wish to make into how the device came to be bought for their military as bomb detection equipment." The banning order prohibited the export to Iraq and Afghanistan of "'electro-statically powered' equipment for detecting 'explosives'".

217: 69: 659:: "Our government is to be blamed for all the thousands of innocent spirits who were lost since these devices have been used in Iraq." MP Ammar Tuma of the Iraqi Parliament's Security and Defense Committee said: "This company not only caused grave and massive losses of funds, but it has caused grave and massive losses of the lives of innocent Iraqi civilians, by the hundreds and thousands, from attacks that we thought we were immune to because we have this device." He told the 674:

distanced itself from their use. Major General Qassim al-Moussawi said: "The devices have helped us in parts of our work but in some aspects they are not useful. Their performance does not match our aspirations. There is some percent of error in their performance and these devices must be updated." Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki was reported to have ordered a new investigation of how the devices had been procured, looking into whether there was any corruption involved.

606:

to innocent individuals." The judge noted that McCormick had not expressed any remorse or recognition of wrongdoing and said that his "culpability as a fraudster has to be placed in the highest category." Brigadier Simon Marriner told the court that the ADE 651 was clearly implicated in failing to prevent bomb attacks: "The inescapable conclusion is that devices have been detonated after passing through checkpoints. Iraqi civilians have died as a result."

686:

several tests on them, and found them successful. In addition, we have a series of achievements officially documented by the Baghdad operations centre, from all the provinces, which establish that these devices detected thousands of bombs, booby-trapped houses and car bombs, and we've noticed a reduction of bombing activities to less than 10 per cent of what it was." A senior ministry official, Assistant Deputy Minister General Tareq al-Asl, told

138:. To use the device, the operator must walk for a few moments to "charge" it before holding it at right angles to the body. After a substance-specific "programmed substance detection card" is inserted, the device is supposed to swivel in the user's hand to point its antenna in the direction of the target substance. The cards are claimed to be designed to "tune into" the "frequency" of a particular explosive or other substance named on the card. 287: 2682: 25: 553:

Police Assistance Board, who personally ordered an investigation into McCormick and ATSC. In January 2010, ATSC's McCormick was arrested on suspicion of fraud. On 12 July 2012, McCormick was charged on three counts that between 15 January 2007, and 12 July 2012, he had in his possession or control an article for use in the course of or in connection with fraud contrary to Section 6 of the

343:. The website claimed that the Jordanian government required hotels to employ ADE 651 devices to scan vehicles entering underground car parks. ATSC's McCormick says that 20 countries have acquired the device, with purchasers including "the Saudis, Indian police, a Belgian drug squad, a Hong Kong correctional facility and the Chittagong navy." The police in the Belgian municipal region of 299:

or scientific, what I care about is detecting bombs. I don't care what they say. I know more about bombs than the Americans do. In fact, I know more about bombs than anyone in the world." He told a press conference that the ADE 651 has detected "hundreds of roadside bombs and car bombs" and any deficiencies were due to defective training in the device's use. The Iraqi Interior Minister,

779:

who gave evidence to the Old Bailey trial, it could not even detect a firework: "It wasn’t working. It wasn’t working at all". The Mövenpick hotel ceased using the device following the intervention of the Bahrain Ministry of Interior in mid 2010 at the beginning of an enquiry in co-operation with UK Police which continued until the trial of McCormick in April 2013.

770:(UNIFIL) bought five ADE 651s at a cost of £46,000 to detect explosives in vehicles. ATSC offered the UN a further 80 of the devices, but declined to provide evidence that the ADE 651 could do what was claimed and suggested that the UN should carry out its own tests. UNIFIL did so over the course of two days but found that the device was "not fit for purpose". 150:

structure of the substance), the ADE651 could "by-pass" all known attempts to conceal the target substance. It has been claimed to penetrate lead, concrete, and other materials (including hiding in the body) used in attempts to block the attraction." Prosec, a Lebanese reseller of the ADE 651, claimed on its website that the device works on

142:"activated" by being placed in a jar for a week along with a sample of the target substance to absorb the substance's "vapours". Initially, McCormick reportedly used his own blood to "program" the cards for detecting human tissue, but eventually gave up even the pretense of "programming" them when demand for the devices was at its peak. 429:

visiting explosives expert described it as "one big fraud". Gadi Aviran, the head of the Israeli security firm Terrorgence, said: "If someone comes to an expert, claiming that he had developed a device that can detect the smell of explosives from several meters away, the expert must know that this is physically not possible."

438:

could detect explosives and therefore was determined to be totally ineffective and fraudulent. As a result of that study, the US military notified all military and civilian personnel in Iraq that the bomb detection device is ineffective and should not be relied upon as a means of ensuring the safety of any personnel."

175:"carbo-crystalised" software cards. Like the ADE 651, it consisted of a hand unit on which a swinging antenna was mounted, linked to a box worn on the belt in which the cards were inserted to identify the "molecular frequency" of whatever the user wanted to detect. The cards were "programmed" by photocopying a 557:; and three further charges that between the same dates he made or adapted, supplied or offered to supply an article knowing it was designed or adapted for use in the course of or in connection with, or intending it to be used to commit, or to assist in a fraud, contrary to Section 7 of the Fraud Act 2006. 778:

The ADE 651 was also sold to customers in Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Georgia, India, Iran, Kenya, Niger, Qatar, Romania, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam. The Mövenpick Hotel in Bahrain bought one to detect car bombs but, according to the hotel's head of security,

729:

denied that the ADE 651 was being used, claiming that the ASF had designed the device in use there, but other ASF officials acknowledged that their device "operated on the same principle as ADE-651." Pakistani scientists rejected the scientific basis on which the device was claimed to work: Professor

576:

in London. The court was told that "the devices did not work and he knew they did not work. He had them manufactured so that they could be sold – and despite the fact they did not work, people bought them for a handsome but unwarranted profit." McCormick had falsely represented himself as a member of

568:

announced that the BBC tests had shown that "the technology used in the ADE 651 and similar devices is not suitable for bomb detection" and they "could cause harm to UK and other friendly forces in Iraq and Afghanistan". It had therefore decided to ban the export of the ADE 651 and similar devices to

428:

reported that the ADE 651 had been tested around 2008 in Israel but was "kicked out of the country". An Israeli explosives expert told the magazine: "The thing has absolutely nothing to do with the detection of explosives". When it was displayed at an arms and security fair in Beirut in April 2009, a

298:

The ADE 651 has been used at hundreds of Iraqi police and Iraqi military checkpoints across the country, often replacing physical inspections of vehicles. Major-General Jihad al-Jabiri of the Interior Ministry's General Directorate for Combating Explosives has defended the device: "Whether it's magic

282:

with ATSC. The Iraqi government paid up to £37,000 for the devices despite the purchase price being put at around £11,500. The Iraqi Army's Baghdad Operations Command announced in November 2009 that it had purchased another hundred of the devices. McCormick of ATSC has said that the devices were sold

685:

Despite the controversy, the device continued to be used at checkpoints across Iraq. The Iraqi Interior Ministry has defended the continued use of the ADE 651. In 2010, the then-head of the ministry's counter-explosives unit, General Jihad al-Jabiri, told the BBC that his organisation had "conducted

605:

McCormick was sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment on 2 May 2013. In passing sentence, Richard Hone said: "Your fraudulent conduct in selling so many useless devices for simply enormous profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury

249:

recorded a turnover of £1.78 million for the year to 31 July 2008, with a gross profit of £1.35 million. Its sole shareholder was its owner, McCormick. A sister company at the same location, ATSC Exports Ltd (registered company 06797101), was established on 21 January 2009, also as a private limited

552:

British and American military officers in Iraq brought the ADE 651's ineffectiveness to the attention of British police liaison officers in the country. The matter subsequently came to the notice of Colin Port, the Chief Constable of the Avon and Somerset Constabulary and Chair of the International

228:

McCormick responded to this setback by copying Quadro's Golfinder, sticking an ATSC label onto it, renaming it the ADE (Advanced Detection Equipment) 100, and marketing it as a bomb detector. Between 2005 and 2009 he produced and sold several iterations of the design. One of these, the ADE 101, was

183:

Although the Quadro Tracker was enjoined from being manufactured or sold in the United States after a 1996 federal court case, Quadro's four principal figures escaped criminal sanctions after a jury failed to convict them. The company's secretary, Malcolm Stig Roe, moved to the United Kingdom after

145:

Promotional material issued by ATSC claimed that the ADE 651 could detect such item as guns, ammunition, drugs, truffles, human bodies, contraband ivory and bank notes at distances of up to 1 kilometre (0.62 mi), underground, through walls, underwater or even from aircraft at an altitude of up

740:

that "there has to be an electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field for a device to work in such a manner. Furthermore static fields don’t move around the way it is being claimed by some. Also don’t forget that there are so many radio waves of different frequencies all around us. I just don’t see

420:

to anyone who can prove the device's effectiveness as far back as October 2008. Randi issued a statement calling the ADE 651 "a useless quack device which cannot perform any other function than separating naive persons from their money. It's a fake, a scam, a swindle, and a blatant fraud. Prove me

380:

investigation in November 2009, which reported that United States military and technical experts believed the device was useless. US Army Major-General Richard Rowe told the newspaper that "there's magic wand that can detect explosives. If there was, we would all be using it. I have no confidence

584:

There was no evidence demonstrated, that McCormick or his company ATSC UK conducted any proper research or development into the products manufactured; in fact he refused to submit the ADE devices to independent tests. He sold his detection devices to many governments, defence agencies and private

437:

when it drove up behind the operator. In June 2009, the US Army carried out a laboratory test including X-ray analysis on the ADE 651 that found it to be ineffective. According to Major Joe Scrocca, "The examination resulted in a determination that there was no possible means by which the ADE 651

753:

The Belgian police bought an ADE 651 in 2008 for £12,800 to detect drugs, as a supposedly cheaper alternative to a dog. According to Superintendent Theiry Meunier, it was soon apparent that it was ineffective: "We had no results from it. We tried to use the device for detecting drugs in cars for

693:

In February 2011, General al-Jabiri was arrested on corruption charges, centering on the ADE 651 device purchase. He was subsequently convicted of taking millions of dollars of bribes from McCormick and was imprisoned along with two other Iraqi officials. Up to 15 Iraqis are said to have been on

307:

television that the ADE 651 had "managed to prevent and detect more than 16,000 bombs that would be a threat to people's life and more than 733 car bombs were defused." He said: "Iraq is considered as a market area for many companies producing such devices ... and there are other rival companies

701:

Aqil al-Turehi said that he "feel furious when I think that this gang of Jim McCormick and the Iraqis working with him killed my people by creating false security and selling such a useless device". In one incident, a vehicle carrying rockets and missiles travelled undetected through 23 Baghdad

677:

According to the Iraqi Interior Ministry's inspector-general Aqil al-Turehi, he had investigated the device in 2008 but found it "inoperative" and costly and recommended that Iraq should not buy it. He told Reuters: "There was corruption associated with this contract and we referred to this and

812:

An apparent recycling of the Quadro Tracker turned up as the DKLabs Lifeguard, which had a similar appearance and made ambitious claims about being able to locate survivors missing under rubble or hiding in shipping containers. It has been proven to be useless in tests by Sandia National Labs.

179:

of the target, cutting up the resulting copy, and pasting the pieces between two squares of plastic. Quattlebaum sold the devices for between $ 395 and $ 8,000 for a unit claimed to be capable of detecting humans, using a Polaroid photograph of the individual concerned for the "programming." A

149:

The ADE 651 was said to work on the principle of "electrostatic magnetic ion attraction". According to the promotional material, "by programming the detection cards to specifically target a particular substance, (through the proprietary process of electrostatic matching of the ionic charge and

141:

Husam Muhammad, an Iraqi police officer and user of the ADE 651, described the proper use of the device as more of an art than a science. "If we are tense, the device doesn't work correctly. I start slow, and relax my body, and I try to clear my mind." The cards were supposedly "programmed" or

669:

Another MP, Hussain al-Falluji, demanded that Iraqi security forces immediately cease using the ADE 651. His proposal to establish an investigative committee and seek to recover the money spent on the devices was supported by other parliamentarians. Hadi Al-Ameri, the head of the Parliament's

188:

and set up two new companies to sell fake detection devices. Some of the distribution agents broke away and began producing their own copies of the Quadro Tracker, such as the Alpha 6, Mole Programmable Substance Detector, Sniffex and GT200. The increase in security spending that followed the

673:

The Supreme Board of Audit in Iraq announced an investigation into the procurement of the ADE 651, focusing on the officials who had previously given assurances of the device's technical soundness. The Iraqi Army's Baghdad Operations Command, which had previously procured 100 of the devices,

665:

newspaper: "The tasks of the committee are limited to two tracks, reaching the truth over what happened with regards to the signing of the contracts for these bomb detection devices; firstly by following up on the details of the contract and looking at the background of this, as well as the

432:

The FBI has repeatedly issued alerts about dowsing rod devices being used as explosive detectors. It has described the Quadro Tracker, as "a fraud" and told all agencies to immediately cease using it. Another alert issued in 1999 told agencies: "Warning. Do not use bogus explosives detection

400:

Iraqi civilians complained that the device seems to have "an unerring attraction to shampoo and soapsuds". According to Iraqi police officer Jasim Hussein, "The vast majority of the people we stop, it's because of their perfume". A fellow officer, Hasan Ouda, commented that "Most people now

174:

produced in the 1990s by Wade Quattlebaum, an American car dealer, commercial diver and treasure hunter. The Quadro Tracker was promoted by Quattlebaum initially as a device to find lost golf balls, and later as a means of detecting marijuana, cocaine, heroin, gunpowder, and dynamite using

690:: "The reason the director of the company was arrested was not because the device doesn't work, but because he refused to divulge the secret of how it works to the British authorities, and the Americans before them. I have tested it in practice and it works effectively and 100% reliably." 205:, Somerset. After he came across the Mole Programmable Substance Detector in 2000, McCormick signed up as a distribution agent, paying the UK-based manufacturer £10,000 for a single unit. The device was withdrawn from sale only a year later after it was investigated by 107:; in June 2010, several other companies were raided by British police. ATSC was dissolved on 5 March 2013. On 23 April 2013, the founder of ATSC, James "Jim" McCormick, was convicted of three counts of fraud and subsequently sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. 229:

sold for up to $ 7,000 per unit. He also marketed a version called the ADE 650. The ADE 651 was a further development of the same design. According to an associate of ATSC, the devices were manufactured at a cost of £150 each by suppliers in Great Britain and

1552: 375:

The use of the ADE 651 prompted strong criticism, and eventually led to a ban on the device's export from the UK to Iraq and Afghanistan and a criminal investigation of its manufacturer. The Iraqi security forces' reliance on the device was highlighted by

577:

the International Association of Bomb Technicians and Investigators, using the organisation's logo without permission. McCormick said that he had sold the ADE 651 and similar devices to security forces internationally but none had complained about them.

241:

who worked to sell the device around the world with McCormick told the BBC that he once challenged McCormick over the device's effectiveness. McCormick was said to have answered that the device did "exactly what it's meant to ... it makes money."

861:

using electromagnetic radiation emitted from the device's antenna. These claims were met with widespread criticism from Iranian and international experts alike, with many commentators noting the device's strong resemblance to the ADE 651.

201:(registered company 03407495) on 23 July 1997 under the name "Broadcasting and Telecommunications Ltd" which he subsequently renamed "Advanced Tactical Security & Communications Ltd" (ATSC). The company was based in a former dairy in 389:, a former national security aide in the Clinton and Bush administrations, condemned the device as "laughable, except someone down the street from you is counting on this to keep bombs off the streets". An Iraqi guard and driver for 1634: 2169: 536:

Your fraudulent conduct in selling so many useless devices for simply enormous profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent individuals.

401:

understand it's what gets them searched, so they don't use as much." McCormick of ATSC falsely claimed that the apparent responsiveness of the ADE 651 was due to fragrances containing traces of the explosive substance

597:

with its own basement swimming pool, holiday homes in Cyprus and Florida, a £600,000 luxury yacht, and three horses for one of his daughters. The police declared that they would seek to "pursue his wealth" using the

315:

bought an ADE 651 for more than $ 60,000. Also, in the photography accompanying an article about the GT200 published in newspaper La-Ch.com, a Mexican soldier can be seen using an ADE 651. It is possible that the

525:

that ATSC had been dealing with doubters for ten years and that the device was merely being criticised because of its "primitive" appearance. He said: "We are working on a new model that has flashing lights".

283:

for £5,000 each, with the balance of the cost going on training and middlemen. The training included instructions to Iraqi users to "shuffle their feet to generate static electricity to make the things work."

96:. The device has been sold to 20 countries in the Middle East and Asia, including Iraq and Afghanistan, for as much as US$ 60,000 each. The Iraqi government is said to have spent £52 million on the devices. 1560: 196:

The ADE 651's inventor Jim McCormick, a former Merseyside Police officer, was previously a salesman specialising in communications equipment but had no scientific or technical background. He established a

1965: 99:

Investigations by the BBC and other organisations found that the device is little more than a "glorified dowsing rod" with no detecting ability. In January 2010, export of the device was banned by the

1253: 134:

The ADE 651 consists of a swivelling antenna mounted via hinge to a plastic handgrip. It requires no battery or other power source; its manufacturer claimed that it is powered solely by the user's

960: 84:

produced by the British company Advanced Tactical Security & Communications Ltd (ATSC). Its manufacturer claimed it could detect bombs, guns, ammunition, and more from kilometres away.

820:

reports that the GT200 is virtually identical to the ADE 651 and has been described by critics as a "divining rod" which uses "controller cards", like the ADE 651, to find explosives. The

640:

reported in November 2009 that Aqeel al-Turaihi, the Iraqi Interior Ministry's inspector-general, had begun an investigation into the contracts that the ministry had signed with ATSC. The

636:

The failure of the ADE 651 to prevent a series of bombings in Baghdad and the circumstances of its procurement raised concerns in Iraq even before it became the subject of media exposés.

1630: 725:(ASF). After the ADE 651 became the focus of controversy for its role in Iraq, concerns were raised in Pakistan about its employment as a bomb detector by the ASF. A senior official at 2495: 1743: 1823: 2465: 250:

company. It had not filed any accounts as of January 2010. There were also several resellers of ATSC's fake bomb detectors, including Cumberland Industries UK, a company based in

2224: 2173: 1498: 2199: 1715: 1902: 210: 809:

The Quadro Tracker, also known as the Positive Molecular Locator, was a similar device sold by Quadro Corp. of Harleyville, South Carolina between 1993 and 1996.

2653: 816:

Another "remote substance detector" device, the Global Technical GT200, has come under scrutiny in Thailand in the wake of the controversy over the ADE 651. The

1956: 2049: 46: 1261: 1774: 580:

On 23 April 2013, McCormick was convicted on three counts of fraud. The chief investigating officer in the case, Detective Superintendent Nigel Rock, said:

462:

to assess one of the "programmed substance detection cards" used in the device to detect TNT. The laboratory found that the card contained only a standard

1437: 952: 146:

to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). In a promotional video, McCormick claimed that the device could detect elephants from 48 kilometres (30 mi) away.

2439: 1452: 385:

had carried out testing of several similar devices but found that "none have ever performed better than random chance". Retired US Air Force Colonel

1675: 1287: 2138: 1751: 2388: 1331: 2075: 2473: 1700: 1229: 682:

that "We know it doesn't work and that it has been banned , but we are continuing to use it. It is bullshit. But still we are lying about it."

565: 467: 2499: 871: 2603: 1827: 1153: 934: 2307: 92:

ATSC claimed that the device could effectively and accurately detect various types of explosives, drugs, ivory, and other substances from

1130: 589:

It was disclosed that McCormick had made millions of pounds from sales of the ADE 651, with which he had bought a farmhouse in Somerset,

459: 2521: 2580: 2232: 573: 2292: 1521: 33: 997: 2629:"Iran's IRGC doubles down on claims of coronavirus detection machine - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East" 2628: 1399: 2258: 827:

Several other similar long range locator devices are being marketed in various countries, including the HEDD1 (formerly known as

767: 417: 1906: 2102: 2732: 1719: 118:

devices, widely used in Thailand and Mexico, also came under scrutiny in the wake of the revelations about the ADE 651.

478:

has noted that the swinging of the antenna is merely due to its loose assembly and unconscious wrist movements by the user (

397:

rifles and ammunition through nine police checkpoints that were using the device without any of them detecting the weapons.

110:

The use of the device by Iraqi and Pakistani security forces has become a major international controversy. The very similar

610: 745:

challenged the ASF to test the device to confirm its effectiveness but the ASF refused, insisting that the device works.

983: 705:

Fake bomb detectors such as the ADE 651 were still in use in Iraq as late as July 2016, and may have contributed to the

2209: 754:

several months. We also provided the detector to detectives seeking to detect drugs. The results again were negative."

1582: 1649: 846: 356: 1850: 1475: 2727: 507: 503: 471: 162:

in 2010 that "the theory behind dowsing and the theory behind how we actually detect explosives is very similar".

1778: 317: 1429: 1355: 463: 1304: 1053: 126: 2361: 336: 1181: 433:

devices." A US Army test of a similar device found that it was unable to detect a truck carrying a tonne of

726: 382: 360: 206: 151: 1460: 824:

attributes the death of several Royal Thai Police officers to its repeated failures to detect explosives.

2146: 275: 221: 100: 1323: 706: 599: 155: 2692: 1082: 2698: 1522:"Gobierno del Estado cuenta ya con equipo para detectar armas, drogas y explosivos: Silverio Cavazos" 1221: 475: 2604:"Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps says its handheld device can detect coronavirus, scientists scoff" 2686: 2572: 2204: 2050:"British conman who made £50m selling fake bomb detectors freed from jail claiming to be penniless" 328: 1903:"Somerset explosives detector man found guilty after three-year police investigation (Old Bailey)" 1601: 1145: 831:

Plus), marketed by Unival in Germany; Alpha 6, marketed by ComsTrac in the UK; PSD-22; and H3Tec.

2525: 1383:

Companies House records for registered companies 03407495 and 06797101. Retrieved 24 January 2010

926: 722: 198: 38: 621: 641: 629: 1690: 1407: 1122: 1149: 763: 2112: 1955: 2284: 1529: 679: 479: 267: 190: 2023: 1001: 421:

wrong and take the million dollars." According to Randi, nobody from ATSC ever responded.

193:

in the United States opened up lucrative opportunities for sellers of security equipment.

8: 1716:"UK halts exports of machines marketed as bomb detection device for Iraq and Afghanistan" 1499:"UK halts exports of machines marketed as bomb detection device for Iraq and Afghanistan" 731: 649: 135: 93: 1800: 521:

that ATSC would remain in business: "Our company is still fully operational." He told

2654:"Iranians Make Fun Of 'Coronavirus Detection Device' Promoted By Revolutionary Guard" 458:

programme investigated the ADE 651 in a report broadcast in January 2010, asking the

332: 655:

The BBC's revelations in January 2010 caused outrage in Iraq. A police officer told

323:

According to a promotional website for the ADE 651, the device was also used by the

2554: 736: 279: 115: 2413: 308:

trying to belittle the efficiency of these instruments the government is buying".

278:

bought 800 of the devices in 2008 for £20m and a further 700 in 2009 for £32m, in

2107: 710: 661: 645: 625: 494:

noted that thousands of people had indeed been killed and injured in devastating

441: 434: 340: 300: 291: 246: 2496:"L'Algérie a-t-elle pris les mesures nécessaires ? - Actualité - El Watan" 788: 609:

McCormick's application for an appeal against his sentence was rejected by the

594: 554: 171: 2711: 2705: 2076:"How A Millionaire Sold Fake Bomb Detectors To Governments All Over The World" 1801:"The Export Control (Amendment) Order 2010. Statutory Instrument 2010 No. 121" 490:

that "it could result in people being killed in the dozens, if not hundreds".

2721: 2389:"This Fake Bomb Detector Is Blamed for Hundreds of Deaths. It's Still in Use" 1118: 975: 483: 445: 324: 238: 81: 2548: 216: 68: 2522:"Gulf Daily News » Local News » Shock over 'fake' bomb detectors" 1586: 1254:"In Iraq, the Bomb-Detecting Device That Didn't Work, Except to Make Money" 1087: 590: 185: 176: 2336: 1997: 1979: 1928: 1876: 1824:"Bomb detector sales scam denied by Somerset businessman James McCormick" 1695: 1671: 1283: 1023: 890: 850: 839: 804: 413: 386: 542:— Judge Mr. Richard Hone on sentencing McCormick to ten years in prison 393:, both of whom were licensed to carry firearms, were able to drive two 304: 271: 180:

cheaper variant called the Golfinder or Gopher was available for $ 69.

1957:"Conman James McCormick jailed for 10 years over fake bomb detectors" 1400:"Head of ATSC 'bomb detector' company arrested on suspicion of fraud" 454: 251: 202: 2440:"Tycoon faces jail for £50m bomb detector swindle that 'cost lives'" 1182:"The 'magic' bomb detector that endangered lives all over the world" 2573:"The $ 80 Million Fake Bomb-Detector Scam—and the People Behind It" 2558: 1308: 858: 857:

militia. The IRGC claimed that the device was capable of detecting

495: 352: 2362:"Iraqis want crackdown on 'sleeper cells' after huge Baghdad bomb" 1356:"Iraqis spent $ 80m on ADE651 bomb detectors described as useless" 286: 245:

ATSC was the principal vendor of the ADE devices. Its accounts at

237:: "Everyone at ATSC knew there was nothing inside the ADE 651." A 828: 796: 499: 409: 364: 348: 230: 1553:"Ejército combate al narco con tecnología de punta ¿inservible?" 1180:

Morris, Stephen; Jones, Meirion; Booth, Robert (23 April 2013).

24: 2681: 2414:"Iraq PM Abadi orders police to stop using fake bomb detectors" 953:"Head of bomb detector company arrested in fraud investigation" 835: 800: 695: 312: 255: 103:

and the managing director of ATSC was arrested on suspicion of

1851:"No complaints over bomb detectors, fraud accused tells court" 2553:. Sandia Report. Vol. SAND98-0977. Sandia Laboratories. 1676:"A Direct, Specific, Challenge From James Randi and the JREF" 1288:"A Direct, Specific, Challenge From James Randi and the JREF" 854: 792: 510:, without the bombers being detected by the ADE 651 devices. 394: 111: 104: 2170:"'Magic wand' bomb detector still rules Baghdad checkpoints" 1929:"Police on James McCormick: 'We will now pursue his wealth'" 1744:"Bomb detector kit boss in court to face six fraud charges" 842:

infection; its design was very similar to that of ADE 651.

344: 2103:"Iraq to Investigate Purchase of Defective Bomb Detectors" 1998:"Fake bomb detector seller James McCormick to forfeit £8m" 1324:"Boss who sold bomb detectors to Iraq arrested over fraud" 211:

National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center

2547:

Murray, Dale; Spencer, Floyd; Spencer, Debra (May 1998).

2200:"Purchase of 'useless' Iraq bomb detectors 'was corrupt'" 1905:. Avon and Somerset Police. 23 April 2013. Archived from 449: 402: 159: 2602:

Saliba, Emmanuelle; Gharagozlou, Leila (20 April 2020).

2252: 2250: 2024:"Fake bomb detector seller James McCormick jailed again" 1650:"Iraqi's sweet sorrow: Bomb sniffers detect his perfume" 1354:

de Bruxelles, Simon; August, Oliver (28 November 2009).

998:"Atsc UK Limited in Somerset — Company Information" 2285:"Iraqi Interior ministry still backing 'bomb detector'" 2193: 2191: 1980:"Bomb detector conman James McCormick loses appeal bid" 1877:"James McCormick guilty of selling fake bomb detectors" 1474:

Strobel, Warren P.; Hammoudi, Laith (9 December 2009).

1024:"James McCormick guilty of selling fake bomb detectors" 891:"James McCormick guilty of selling fake bomb detectors" 694:

McCormick's payroll, receiving money through a bank in

2466:"UN paid £46,000 for unfit bomb detectors, court told" 1803:. Office of Public Sector Information. 27 January 2010 1476:"Baghdad security chief out after deadly car bombings" 2308:"Iraq police official charged in bomb device scandal" 2247: 1631:"Lives at airport threatened by bogus bomb detectors" 1393: 1391: 1389: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 946: 944: 2550:

Double-Blind Evaluation of the DKL LifeGuard Model 2

2546: 2188: 2139:"Iraq MPs demand bomb detector be axed after UK ban" 1775:"Iraq MPs demand bomb detector be axed after UK ban" 2259:"Iraq Official Warned Against Anti-Bomb Device Buy" 2132: 2130: 1222:"Iraq Swears by Bomb Detector U.S. Sees as Useless" 927:"British Man Held for Fraud in Iraq Bomb Detectors" 925:Mohammed, Riyadh; Nordland, Rod (23 January 2010). 2335:Hawley, Caroline; Jones, Meirion (23 April 2013). 1947: 1386: 1353: 1338: 1123:"Useless bomb detector sold worldwide risks lives" 967: 941: 853:, an experimental medical device developed by the 2601: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1163: 920: 918: 916: 914: 912: 2719: 2127: 1691:"Dunkle Geschäfte mit dem Sprengstoffschnüffler" 1624: 1622: 1179: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1106: 924: 529: 359:also used the ADE 651 as a bomb detector at the 1473: 1146:"Portable Bomb Detector Prompts Debate in Iraq" 1054:"Fake bomb detector conman jailed for 10 years" 713:, to order police to stop using the detectors. 572:McCormick was tried in March–April 2013 at the 1160: 909: 566:Department for Business, Innovation and Skills 165: 87: 1619: 1550: 1103: 872:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience 2488: 2433: 2431: 1602:"Dure bomdetector blijkt compleet nutteloos" 1397: 1251: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1077: 1075: 513:McCormick refused to be interviewed for the 355:used the device to detect drugs. Pakistan's 2334: 2330: 2328: 1116: 721:Pakistan purchased ADE 651s for use by the 486:described the device as "immoral", telling 460:University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory 2225:"Iraq's PM orders probe on bomb detectors" 1869: 564:exposé of the device, the UK Government's 2428: 1648:Dolan, Jack; Issa, Sahar (24 June 2009). 1647: 1299: 1297: 1200: 1072: 976:"Police raids expand bomb detector probe" 834:In 2014, the Egyptian military presented 172:Quadro Tracker Positive Molecular Locator 130:An Iraqi soldier in 2008 using an ADE 651 2325: 2305: 2256: 2136: 1953: 1772: 1628: 1219: 1143: 950: 620: 285: 215: 125: 67: 49:of all important aspects of the article. 2708:". Al Jazeera English, 23 January 2010. 2437: 2386: 1398:de Bruxelles, Simon (22 January 2010). 1047: 1045: 768:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon 2720: 2337:"Fake bomb detectors 'destroyed lives" 2100: 1848: 1321: 1294: 973: 294:, who defended the use of the ADE 651. 45:Please consider expanding the lead to 2387:Hussain, Murtaza (23 November 2015). 2306:al-Salhy, Suadad (17 February 2011). 2295:from the original on 27 January 2010. 2257:Christie, Michael (24 January 2010). 2222: 2197: 2167: 2137:Mohammed, Muhanad (23 January 2010). 1773:Mohammed, Muhanad (23 January 2010). 1713: 1703:from the original on 27 January 2010. 1637:from the original on 29 January 2010. 1599: 1519: 1496: 1379: 1377: 1334:from the original on 25 January 2010. 1305:"ADE-651 Portable Explosive Detector" 1282: 1276: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1232:from the original on 15 October 2011. 1156:from the original on 26 January 2010. 1133:from the original on 23 January 2010. 1051: 963:from the original on 26 January 2010. 937:from the original on 27 January 2010. 838:, a purported long-range detector of 709:. This led to Iraq's Prime Minister, 1821: 1741: 1688: 1450: 1042: 470:. According to the laboratory's Dr. 303:, also defended the device, telling 18: 1629:Abdullah, Hasan (26 January 2010). 1252:Higginbotham, Adam (11 July 2013). 1144:Lawrence, Quil (8 September 2009). 266:The ADE 651 was widely used by the 170:The ADE 651 is a descendant of the 13: 2231:. Associated Press. Archived from 2101:Al-Ily, Nasser (25 January 2010). 1551:Fausto Ovalle (17 February 2009). 1374: 1322:Morris, Steven (22 January 2010). 1236: 986:from the original on 10 June 2010. 782: 773: 766:bought ADE 651s. In addition, the 254:, Northamptonshire, and Prosec of 14: 2744: 2674: 2583:from the original on 25 June 2015 1849:Morris, Stephen (25 March 2013). 1714:Kirka, Danica (23 January 2010). 1670: 1451:Roth, Richard (27 January 2010). 1440:from the original on 8 July 2011. 1220:Nordland, Rod (4 November 2009). 951:Sengupta, Kim (22 January 2010). 847:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 547: 335:and the Interior Ministry of the 2706:UK halts 'bomb detector' exports 2680: 2198:Latif, Nizar (30 January 2010). 1968:from the original on 5 May 2013. 1689:Putz, Ulrike (24 January 2010). 974:Hawley, Caroline (8 June 2010). 593:'s former £3.5 million house in 508:8 December 2009 Baghdad bombings 370: 23: 2646: 2621: 2595: 2565: 2540: 2514: 2472:. 21 March 2013. Archived from 2458: 2438:Cheston, Paul (23 April 2013). 2406: 2380: 2354: 2299: 2277: 2216: 2161: 2094: 2068: 2042: 2016: 1990: 1972: 1921: 1895: 1842: 1815: 1793: 1766: 1735: 1726: 1707: 1682: 1664: 1641: 1593: 1575: 1544: 1513: 1490: 1467: 1444: 1422: 1315: 1137: 318:Secretariat of National Defense 213:, and was found to be useless. 37:may be too short to adequately 1016: 990: 883: 408:The veteran Canadian-American 47:provide an accessible overview 1: 1822:Raif, Shenai (8 March 2013). 1732:"PM". BBC Radio 4, 2 May 2013 1526:Gobierno del Estado de Colima 877: 741:how this device would work." 734:told the Pakistani newspaper 530:Investigations and export ban 468:stores to prevent shoplifting 337:Kurdistan Regional Government 311:In Mexico, the Government of 2733:Fraudulent detection devices 2498:. 8 May 2013. Archived from 2312:International Business Times 1954:Sengupta, Kim (2 May 2013). 1436:. Cumberland Industries UK. 1052:Booth, Robert (2 May 2013). 1000:. Duedil.com. Archived from 727:Jinnah International Airport 383:Sandia National Laboratories 361:Jinnah International Airport 207:Sandia National Laboratories 152:nuclear quadrupole resonance 7: 2714:. YouTube, 23 January 2010. 1742:Rowe, Tina (12 July 2012). 1520:Staff (12 September 2009). 865: 716: 418:offered one million dollars 166:Development and manufacture 88:Deception and its discovery 10: 2749: 2712:James Randi on the ADE 651 2701:(archived 24 January 2013) 1585:. ATSC Ltd. Archived from 786: 757: 748: 707:July 2016 Baghdad bombings 600:Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 220:Photo of ADE 100 taken at 156:nuclear magnetic resonance 2223:Staff (24 January 2010). 2168:Staff (24 January 2010). 1777:. Reuters. Archived from 1600:Staff (24 January 2010). 1497:Staff (23 January 2010). 652:received by officials". 424:The German news magazine 121: 72:An ADE 651 device in 2016 2205:The National (Abu Dhabi) 1583:"ADE651 – Effectiveness" 1434:cumberlandindustries.com 1406:. London. Archived from 1307:. Prosec. Archived from 1083:"UK bans bomb detectors" 517:investigation, but told 466:tag of the type used in 320:also bought some units. 290:Iraqi Interior Minister 261: 2728:Law enforcement in Iraq 2695:(archived 17 June 2012) 2693:ADE 651 product website 1453:"Faulty Bomb Detectors" 723:Airports Security Force 616: 560:Following the 2010 BBC 199:private limited company 2699:ATSC corporate website 2416:. Reuters. 3 July 2016 1652:. McClatchy Newspapers 1478:. McClatchy Newspapers 642:Prime Minister of Iraq 633: 630:Prime Minister of Iraq 587: 574:Central Criminal Court 539: 357:Airport Security Force 295: 225: 131: 73: 2172:. AFP. Archived from 1150:National Public Radio 624: 582: 534: 482:). Explosives expert 289: 233:. The associate told 219: 158:. McCormick told the 129: 71: 2689:at Wikimedia Commons 2176:on 30 September 2012 2149:on 11 September 2012 680:Agence France-Presse 480:ideomotor phenomenon 268:Iraqi Police Service 209:on behalf of the US 191:September 11 attacks 2470:Western Daily Press 2291:. 24 January 2010. 2212:on 7 February 2010. 1986:. 12 November 2013. 1748:Western Daily Press 1722:on 27 January 2010. 1589:on 11 January 2010. 1463:on 28 January 2010. 1430:"ADE 651 datasheet" 1311:on 26 January 2010. 1286:(7 November 2009). 1264:on 10 December 2013 1121:(22 January 2010). 177:Polaroid photograph 2633:www.al-monitor.com 2263:The New York Times 1781:on 29 January 2016 1501:. Associated Press 1226:The New York Times 1117:Hawley, Caroline; 1004:on 1 November 2013 931:The New York Times 732:Karachi University 657:The New York Times 638:The New York Times 634: 519:The New York Times 464:radio frequency ID 391:The New York Times 381:that these work". 378:The New York Times 296: 235:The New York Times 226: 136:static electricity 132: 101:British government 74: 16:Fake bomb detector 2685:Media related to 2658:en.radiofarda.com 2229:The Seattle Times 1091:. 24 January 2010 333:Royal Thai Police 276:Interior Ministry 64: 63: 2740: 2684: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2579:. 24 June 2015. 2569: 2563: 2562: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2528:on 25 April 2013 2524:. Archived from 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2492: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2444:Evening Standard 2435: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2332: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2254: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2208:. Archived from 2195: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2145:. Archived from 2134: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2111:. Archived from 2098: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2020: 2014: 2013: 2011: 2009: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1959: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1925: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1909:on 30 April 2013 1899: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1830:on 11 April 2013 1826:. Archived from 1819: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1797: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1750:. Archived from 1739: 1733: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1718:. Archived from 1711: 1705: 1704: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1626: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1559:. Archived from 1548: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1528:. Archived from 1517: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1459:. Archived from 1448: 1442: 1441: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1395: 1384: 1381: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1351: 1336: 1335: 1319: 1313: 1312: 1301: 1292: 1291: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1260:. Archived from 1249: 1234: 1233: 1217: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1177: 1158: 1157: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1114: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1079: 1070: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1049: 1040: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1011: 1009: 994: 988: 987: 971: 965: 964: 948: 939: 938: 922: 907: 906: 904: 902: 887: 849:(IRGC) unveiled 730:Shahid Zaidi of 543: 280:no-bid contracts 59: 56: 50: 27: 19: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2718: 2717: 2677: 2672: 2662: 2660: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2612: 2610: 2608:www.nbcnews.com 2600: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2545: 2541: 2531: 2529: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2479: 2477: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2436: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2345: 2343: 2333: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2304: 2300: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2268: 2266: 2255: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2235:on 22 June 2011 2221: 2217: 2196: 2189: 2179: 2177: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2150: 2135: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2108:Asharq Al-Awsat 2099: 2095: 2085: 2083: 2082:. 25 April 2013 2080:Popular Science 2074: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2057: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2030:. 25 April 2018 2022: 2021: 2017: 2007: 2005: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1962:The Independent 1952: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1935:. 23 April 2013 1927: 1926: 1922: 1912: 1910: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1883:. 23 April 2013 1875: 1874: 1870: 1860: 1858: 1847: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1820: 1816: 1806: 1804: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1784: 1782: 1771: 1767: 1757: 1755: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1712: 1708: 1687: 1683: 1669: 1665: 1655: 1653: 1646: 1642: 1627: 1620: 1610: 1608: 1598: 1594: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1566: 1564: 1563:on 13 July 2011 1549: 1545: 1535: 1533: 1532:on 22 July 2011 1518: 1514: 1504: 1502: 1495: 1491: 1481: 1479: 1472: 1468: 1449: 1445: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1396: 1387: 1382: 1375: 1365: 1363: 1352: 1339: 1320: 1316: 1303: 1302: 1295: 1281: 1277: 1267: 1265: 1250: 1237: 1218: 1201: 1191: 1189: 1178: 1161: 1142: 1138: 1115: 1104: 1094: 1092: 1081: 1080: 1073: 1063: 1061: 1050: 1043: 1033: 1031: 1030:. 23 April 2013 1022: 1021: 1017: 1007: 1005: 996: 995: 991: 972: 968: 957:The Independent 949: 942: 923: 910: 900: 898: 897:. 23 April 2013 889: 888: 884: 880: 868: 807: 787:Main articles: 785: 783:Similar devices 776: 774:Other countries 760: 751: 719: 711:Haider al-Abadi 688:Asharq Al-Awsat 662:Asharq Al-Awsat 646:Nouri al-Maliki 626:Nouri al-Maliki 619: 611:Court of Appeal 550: 545: 541: 532: 442:Caroline Hawley 373: 341:Iraqi Kurdistan 301:Jawad al-Bulani 292:Jawad al-Bulani 264: 247:Companies House 168: 124: 90: 60: 54: 51: 44: 32:This article's 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2746: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2716: 2715: 2709: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2676: 2675:External links 2673: 2671: 2670: 2645: 2620: 2594: 2564: 2559:10.2172/654000 2539: 2513: 2487: 2457: 2427: 2405: 2379: 2353: 2324: 2298: 2276: 2246: 2215: 2187: 2160: 2126: 2115:on 28 May 2010 2093: 2067: 2056:. 19 July 2020 2054:Express Digest 2041: 2015: 2004:. 15 June 2016 1989: 1971: 1946: 1920: 1894: 1868: 1841: 1814: 1792: 1765: 1734: 1725: 1706: 1681: 1663: 1640: 1618: 1606:Het Nieuwsblad 1592: 1574: 1543: 1512: 1489: 1466: 1443: 1421: 1410:on 4 June 2011 1385: 1373: 1337: 1314: 1293: 1290:. James Randi. 1275: 1235: 1199: 1159: 1136: 1119:Jones, Meirion 1102: 1071: 1041: 1015: 989: 966: 940: 908: 881: 879: 876: 875: 874: 867: 864: 789:Quadro Tracker 784: 781: 775: 772: 759: 756: 750: 747: 718: 715: 618: 615: 555:Fraud Act 2006 549: 548:United Kingdom 546: 533: 531: 528: 372: 369: 329:Chinese Police 263: 260: 167: 164: 123: 120: 89: 86: 62: 61: 41:the key points 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2745: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2723: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2634: 2630: 2624: 2609: 2605: 2598: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2543: 2527: 2523: 2517: 2502:on 8 May 2013 2501: 2497: 2491: 2476:on 5 May 2013 2475: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2445: 2441: 2434: 2432: 2415: 2409: 2394: 2393:The Intercept 2390: 2383: 2368:. 5 July 2016 2367: 2363: 2357: 2342: 2338: 2331: 2329: 2313: 2309: 2302: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2264: 2260: 2253: 2251: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2219: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2192: 2175: 2171: 2164: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2133: 2131: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2097: 2081: 2077: 2071: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2003: 1999: 1993: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1950: 1934: 1930: 1924: 1908: 1904: 1898: 1882: 1878: 1872: 1856: 1852: 1845: 1829: 1825: 1818: 1802: 1796: 1780: 1776: 1769: 1754:on 5 May 2013 1753: 1749: 1745: 1738: 1729: 1721: 1717: 1710: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1667: 1651: 1644: 1636: 1632: 1625: 1623: 1607: 1603: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1547: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1516: 1500: 1493: 1477: 1470: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1447: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1425: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1380: 1378: 1361: 1357: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1318: 1310: 1306: 1300: 1298: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1187: 1183: 1176: 1174: 1172: 1170: 1168: 1166: 1164: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1140: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1078: 1076: 1059: 1055: 1048: 1046: 1029: 1025: 1019: 1003: 999: 993: 985: 981: 977: 970: 962: 958: 954: 947: 945: 936: 932: 928: 921: 919: 917: 915: 913: 896: 892: 886: 882: 873: 870: 869: 863: 860: 856: 852: 848: 845:In 2020, the 843: 841: 837: 832: 830: 825: 823: 819: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 780: 771: 769: 765: 764:Lebanese Army 755: 746: 744: 739: 738: 733: 728: 724: 714: 712: 708: 703: 699: 697: 691: 689: 683: 681: 675: 671: 667: 664: 663: 658: 653: 651: 647: 643: 639: 631: 628:, the former 627: 623: 614: 612: 607: 603: 601: 596: 592: 586: 581: 578: 575: 570: 567: 563: 558: 556: 544: 538: 527: 524: 520: 516: 511: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 484:Sidney Alford 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 456: 451: 447: 446:Meirion Jones 443: 439: 436: 430: 427: 422: 419: 415: 412:and magician 411: 406: 404: 398: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 371:Effectiveness 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 325:Lebanese Army 321: 319: 314: 309: 306: 302: 293: 288: 284: 281: 277: 273: 269: 259: 257: 253: 248: 243: 240: 239:whistleblower 236: 232: 223: 218: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 194: 192: 187: 181: 178: 173: 163: 161: 157: 153: 147: 143: 139: 137: 128: 119: 117: 113: 108: 106: 102: 97: 95: 85: 83: 82:bomb detector 79: 70: 66: 58: 48: 42: 40: 35: 30: 26: 21: 20: 2661:. Retrieved 2657: 2648: 2636:. Retrieved 2632: 2623: 2611:. Retrieved 2607: 2597: 2585:. Retrieved 2576: 2567: 2549: 2542: 2530:. Retrieved 2526:the original 2516: 2504:. Retrieved 2500:the original 2490: 2478:. Retrieved 2474:the original 2469: 2460: 2448:. Retrieved 2443: 2418:. Retrieved 2408: 2396:. Retrieved 2392: 2382: 2370:. Retrieved 2365: 2356: 2344:. Retrieved 2340: 2315:. Retrieved 2311: 2301: 2288: 2279: 2267:. Retrieved 2262: 2237:. Retrieved 2233:the original 2228: 2218: 2210:the original 2203: 2178:. Retrieved 2174:the original 2163: 2151:. Retrieved 2147:the original 2142: 2117:. Retrieved 2113:the original 2106: 2096: 2084:. Retrieved 2079: 2070: 2058:. Retrieved 2053: 2044: 2032:. Retrieved 2027: 2018: 2006:. Retrieved 2001: 1992: 1983: 1974: 1961: 1949: 1937:. Retrieved 1932: 1923: 1911:. Retrieved 1907:the original 1897: 1885:. Retrieved 1880: 1871: 1859:. Retrieved 1855:The Guardian 1854: 1844: 1832:. Retrieved 1828:the original 1817: 1805:. Retrieved 1795: 1783:. Retrieved 1779:the original 1768: 1756:. Retrieved 1752:the original 1747: 1737: 1728: 1720:the original 1709: 1694: 1684: 1672:Randi, James 1666: 1654:. Retrieved 1643: 1609:. Retrieved 1605: 1595: 1587:the original 1577: 1565:. Retrieved 1561:the original 1556: 1546: 1534:. Retrieved 1530:the original 1525: 1515: 1503:. Retrieved 1492: 1480:. Retrieved 1469: 1461:the original 1456: 1446: 1433: 1424: 1412:. Retrieved 1408:the original 1403: 1364:. Retrieved 1359: 1328:The Guardian 1327: 1317: 1309:the original 1284:Randi, James 1278: 1266:. Retrieved 1262:the original 1258:Businessweek 1257: 1225: 1190:. Retrieved 1186:The Guardian 1185: 1139: 1126: 1093:. Retrieved 1088:Bangkok Post 1086: 1062:. Retrieved 1058:The Guardian 1057: 1032:. Retrieved 1027: 1018: 1006:. Retrieved 1002:the original 992: 979: 969: 956: 930: 899:. Retrieved 894: 885: 844: 833: 826: 821: 818:Bangkok Post 817: 815: 811: 808: 777: 761: 752: 742: 735: 720: 704: 700: 692: 687: 684: 676: 672: 668: 660: 656: 654: 637: 635: 608: 604: 591:Nicolas Cage 588: 583: 579: 571: 561: 559: 551: 540: 535: 522: 518: 514: 512: 502:such as the 491: 487: 453: 440: 431: 425: 423: 407: 399: 390: 377: 374: 322: 310: 297: 274:. The Iraqi 265: 244: 234: 227: 195: 186:jumping bail 182: 169: 148: 144: 140: 133: 109: 98: 91: 77: 75: 65: 52: 36: 34:lead section 2577:Vanity Fair 2317:19 February 2034:22 February 1696:Der Spiegel 1567:25 February 1536:21 February 851:Mostaan 110 840:hepatitis C 805:Mostaan 110 498:attacks in 472:Markus Kuhn 426:Der Spiegel 414:James Randi 387:Hal Bidlack 258:, Lebanon. 55:August 2024 2722:Categories 2663:17 October 2638:17 October 2613:17 October 2269:24 January 2239:24 January 2180:24 January 2153:23 January 2119:25 January 1964:. London. 1807:28 January 1656:22 January 1611:24 January 1505:23 January 1482:22 January 1414:22 January 1366:22 January 1330:. London. 1095:26 January 959:. London. 878:References 504:25 October 476:Bruce Hood 305:Al Iraqiya 272:Iraqi Army 94:long range 80:is a fake 2265:. Reuters 1557:La-Ch.com 1404:The Times 1360:The Times 650:kickbacks 562:Newsnight 523:The Times 515:Newsnight 492:Newsnight 488:Newsnight 455:Newsnight 448:from the 416:publicly 252:Kettering 203:Sparkford 39:summarize 2581:Archived 2480:24 April 2450:24 April 2446:. London 2341:BBC News 2293:Archived 2289:BBC News 2028:BBC News 2002:BBC News 1984:BBC News 1966:Archived 1939:24 April 1933:BBC News 1913:23 April 1887:23 April 1881:BBC News 1861:23 April 1857:. London 1834:23 April 1785:26 April 1758:23 April 1701:Archived 1635:Archived 1457:CBS News 1438:Archived 1362:. London 1332:Archived 1230:Archived 1192:23 April 1188:. London 1154:Archived 1131:Archived 1127:BBC News 1060:. London 1034:23 April 1028:BBC News 1008:25 April 984:Archived 980:BBC News 961:Archived 935:Archived 901:25 April 895:BBC News 866:See also 859:COVID-19 717:Pakistan 496:car bomb 353:Meerhout 270:and the 2687:ADE 651 2506:11 June 2398:11 June 2372:11 June 2366:Reuters 2346:19 June 2143:Reuters 2086:11 June 2008:15 June 1268:13 July 829:Sniffex 797:Sniffex 758:Lebanon 749:Belgium 500:Baghdad 410:skeptic 365:Karachi 349:Laakdal 231:Romania 116:Alpha 6 78:ADE 651 2587:7 June 2420:3 July 2060:4 June 836:C-FAST 803:, and 801:C-FAST 696:Beirut 331:, the 327:, the 313:Colima 256:Baabda 222:QEDcon 122:Device 2532:2 May 1064:2 May 855:Basij 793:GT200 395:AK-47 262:Users 112:GT200 105:fraud 2665:2022 2640:2022 2615:2022 2589:2022 2534:2013 2508:2020 2482:2013 2452:2013 2422:2016 2400:2020 2374:2020 2348:2024 2319:2011 2271:2010 2241:2010 2182:2010 2155:2010 2121:2010 2088:2020 2062:2022 2036:2021 2010:2016 1941:2013 1915:2013 1889:2013 1863:2013 1836:2013 1809:2010 1787:2013 1760:2013 1658:2010 1613:2010 1569:2010 1538:2010 1507:2010 1484:2010 1416:2010 1368:2010 1270:2013 1194:2013 1097:2010 1066:2013 1036:2013 1010:2013 903:2013 822:Post 762:The 743:Dawn 737:Dawn 617:Iraq 595:Bath 506:and 444:and 345:Geel 224:2016 114:and 76:The 2555:doi 452:'s 450:BBC 435:TNT 403:RDX 363:in 339:in 160:BBC 154:or 2724:: 2656:. 2631:. 2606:. 2575:. 2468:. 2442:. 2430:^ 2391:. 2364:. 2339:. 2327:^ 2310:. 2287:. 2261:. 2249:^ 2227:. 2202:. 2190:^ 2141:. 2129:^ 2105:. 2078:. 2052:. 2026:. 2000:. 1982:. 1960:. 1931:. 1879:. 1853:. 1746:. 1699:. 1693:. 1674:. 1633:. 1621:^ 1604:. 1555:. 1524:. 1455:. 1432:. 1402:. 1388:^ 1376:^ 1358:. 1340:^ 1326:. 1296:^ 1256:. 1238:^ 1228:. 1224:. 1202:^ 1184:. 1162:^ 1152:. 1148:. 1129:. 1125:. 1105:^ 1085:. 1074:^ 1056:. 1044:^ 1026:. 982:. 978:. 955:. 943:^ 933:. 929:. 911:^ 893:. 799:, 795:, 791:, 698:. 644:, 602:. 405:. 367:. 2704:" 2667:. 2642:. 2617:. 2591:. 2561:. 2557:: 2536:. 2510:. 2484:. 2454:. 2424:. 2402:. 2376:. 2350:. 2321:. 2273:. 2243:. 2184:. 2157:. 2123:. 2090:. 2064:. 2038:. 2012:. 1943:. 1917:. 1891:. 1865:. 1838:. 1811:. 1789:. 1762:. 1678:. 1660:. 1615:. 1571:. 1540:. 1509:. 1486:. 1418:. 1370:. 1272:. 1196:. 1099:. 1068:. 1038:. 1012:. 905:. 632:. 351:- 347:- 57:) 53:( 43:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index