5486:
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861:
885:
849:
873:
715:
58:
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588:— the THEMIS launch was delayed to 15 February 2007. Due to weather conditions occurring on 13 February 2007, fueling of the second stage was delayed, and the launch pushed back 24 hours. On 16 February 2007, the launch was scrubbed in a hold at the T-4 minute point in the countdown due to the final weather balloon reporting a red, or no-go condition for upper-level winds. A 24-hour turnaround procedure was initiated, targeting a new launch window between 23:01 and 23:17
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778:" (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun), which was revised to "THEMIS-ARTEMIS" in 2019. In February 2017, THEMIS celebrated ten years of science operations. As of August 2017, the three THEMIS inner probes continue to collect valuable data on the Sun's interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere.
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From 15 February 2007 until 15 September 2007, the five THEMIS satellites coasted in a string-of-pearls orbital configuration. From 15 September until 4 December 2007, the satellites were moved to more distant orbits in preparation for data collection in the magnetotail. This phase of the mission was
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on the dawn side of the magnetosphere. On 4 December 2007, the first tail science phase of the mission began. In this segment of the mission scientists will collect data from the magnetotail of the Earth's magnetosphere. During this phase the satellites' orbits are in apogee inside the magnetotail.
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On 22 June 2011, ARTEMIS-P1 began firing its thrusters to move out of its kidney-shaped libration orbit on one side of the Moon, where it had been since
January 2011. On 2 July 2011 at 16:30 UTC, ARTEMIS-P1 entered lunar orbit. The second spacecraft, ARTEMIS-P2, moved into lunar orbit on 17 July
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548:(EO-1) spacecraft, which continues to orbit Earth. Swales was also responsible for designing and building the Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EGSE) used for monitoring the probes during all phases of pre-launch activities, including use at the launch site.
675:
On 26 February 2008, THEMIS probes were able to determine, for the first time, the triggering event for the onset of magnetospheric substorms. Two of the five probes, positioned approximately one third the distance to the Moon, measured events suggesting a
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for instrument integration. Swales was responsible for integrating the BAU, IRU, Solar arrays, antenna, battery, and other components necessary for functionality. This was the second major satellite built by Swales, the first being the
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Fluxgate magnetometer (FGM): measures the background magnetic field to identify and time the abrupt reconfigurations of the magnetosphere during substorm onset, contributed by the German
Aerospace Center and the Austrian Space
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Ground-Based All-Sky Imager (ASI) Array: ground-based All-Sky Imager (ASI) array observes the aurora over the
Northern American continent from Canada to Alaska in order to determine where and when the auroral substorm onset
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because the ground magnetometers that Themis scientists correlate the satellite data with have relatively longer periods of night. During the night, observations are not interrupted by charged particles from the Sun.
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THEMIS was originally scheduled to launch on 19 October 2006. Owing to delays caused by workmanship problems with Delta II second stages — an issue that also affected the previous mission,
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828:(THEMIS-C) completed a lunar flyby and was on the inbound leg of the first of three deep space excursions on its way to a Lissajous orbit and was targeted for lunar orbit in April 2011.
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Ground-Based
Magnetometer (GMAG) Array: GMAG Measures changes in Earth's magnetic field near Earth's surface due to substorm onset to help determine the timing of substorm events.
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The scientists hope to observe substorms and magnetic reconnection events. During these events charged particles stored in the Earth's magnetosphere are discharged to form the
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1981:
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688:, who is the principal investigator for the THEMIS mission, claimed, "Our data show clearly and for the first time that magnetic reconnection is the trigger".
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Electrostatic
Analyzer (ESA): measures thermal electrons and ions to identify and track high-speed flows through the magnetotail and identify pressure pulses
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After the installation of instruments at SSL, Berkeley, pre-launch testing including thermal-vacuum, vibration and acoustic tests, was conducted at NASA's
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Search-coil magnetometer (SCM): measures low frequency magnetic field fluctuations and waves in three directions in Earth's magnetosphere, built by the
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circa 1908. NASA also likened the interaction to a "30 kiloVolt battery in space", noting the "flux rope pumps 650,000 Ampere current into the Arctic!"
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599:. The spacecraft separated from the launch vehicle approximately 73 minutes after liftoff. By 03:07 UTC, on 18 February, mission operators at the
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Favorable weather conditions were observed on 17 February 2007, and the countdown proceeded smoothly. THEMIS successfully launched at 23:01:00
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505:(SCM) and an electric field instrument (EFI). Each probe has a mass of 126 kg (278 lb), including 49 kg (108 lb) of
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The THEMIS instruments have been used to track whistler-mode chorus waves during can persist in periods of low geomagnetic activity.
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announced NASA had extended the THEMIS mission to the year 2012. NASA officially approved the movement of THEMIS-B and THEMIS-C into
539:, manufactured all five probes for this mission. Each was built-up and tested at the Beltsville facility, before being delivered to
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1836:; Thorne, R. M.; Angelopoulos, V.; Bortnik, J.; Cully, C. M.; Ni, B.; LeContel, O.; Roux, A.; Auster, U.; Magnes, W. (7 May 2009).
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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Electric Field
Instruments (EFI): is designed and built to sense the electric field in Earth's ever-changing magnetosphere
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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1106:(MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging), launched in 2004, impacted on Mercury on 30 April 2015.
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As of
October 2019, both lunar probes are in stable orbits, and are expected to remain operational for a long time.
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Instrument Data
Processing Unit (IDPU): houses most of the electronics for the instruments on the THEMIS spacecraft
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1890:"Global distribution of wave amplitudes and wave normal angles of chorus waves using THEMIS wave observations"
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2011. Along the way, the two spacecraft were the first to achieve orbit around the Moon's
Lagrange points.
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THEMIS discovered that Earth's magnetic field often develops two holes that allow leaks of solar particles.
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475:. THEMIS-B became ARTEMIS-P1 and THEMIS-C became ARTEMIS-P2. ARTEMIS-P1 and -P2 together comprise the
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1004:. Ground station mission and science operations are being managed by the University of California's
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Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and
Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun
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35:
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directly to the Sun", reconfirming the theory of solar-terrestrial electrical interaction (via "
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This article is about NASA satellites. For the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter camera system, see
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816:(THEMIS-B) performed two lunar flybys and one Earth flyby, and approached insertion into a
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1838:"Global distribution of whistler-mode chorus waves observed on the THEMIS spacecraft"
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1998:
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630:(FAST) mission supported THEMIS in 2008 and 2009 before being retired. FAST was a
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software. Canada, Austria, Germany, and France also contributed to the mission.
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1147:(Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory), launched in 2006, still operational.
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Solid State Telescope (SST): measures energetic particle distribution functions
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This illustration depicts the individual orbits of NASA's THEMIS spacecraft.
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THEMIS discovered a flux rope pumping a 650,000 Amp current into the Arctic.
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Symbol indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned
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1574:"THEMIS Satellites Discover What Triggers Eruptions of the Northern Lights"
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within the magnetosphere, while two have been moved into orbit around the
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In 2007, THEMIS "found evidence of magnetic ropes connecting Earth's
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satellites (THEMIS-A through THEMIS-E) to study energy releases from
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Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms
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Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1347:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1306:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1271:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
950:(FPGA) to perform configurable on-board band pass processing and
775:
493:. Each satellite carries five identical instruments, including a
446:
1794:. AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Meeting. 09-382. Pittsburg.
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As the satellites monitor the magnetosphere from orbit, twenty
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called the "Dawn Phase" because the satellites' orbits were in
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453:
138:
1954:
790:, a NASA attempt to return humans to the Moon by 2025, or the
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1171:(Electron Losses and Fields INvestigation), launched in 2018.
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912:
644:
460:
334:
324:
3760:
Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in
1493:"NASA Spacecraft Make New Discoveries About Northern Lights"
425:) mission began in February 2007 as a constellation of five
77:* Explorer 87 - THEMIS-C (ARTEMIS-P2) - THEMIS-P2 - MIDEX-5C
75:* Explorer 86 - THEMIS-B (ARTEMIS-P1) - THEMIS-P1 - MIDEX-5B
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2051:
2033:
1884:
1832:
1788:
Preliminary Trajectory Design for the ARTEMIS Lunar Mission
1746:"Second ARTEMIS Spacecraft Successfully Enters Lunar Orbit"
926:
464:
426:
216:
105:
1717:"First ARTEMIS Spacecraft Successfully Enters Lunar Orbit"
972:
Centre d'étude des Environnements Terrestres et Planétaire
482:
The THEMIS satellites were launched 17 February 2007 from
1467:
1368:"Artemis, meet ARTEMIS: Pursuing Sun Science at the Moon"
7475:
5576:
1888:; Bortnik, J.; Thorne, R. M.; Angelopoulos, V. (2011).
150:
Elapsed: 17 years, 7 months and 14 days
1684:
1605:
Vassilis Angelopoulos; et al. (15 August 2008).
1604:
1544:
1490:
824:. Lunar orbit insertion was targeted for April 2011.
1179:
2028:
680:event 96 seconds prior to Auroral intensification.
580:
7925-10C launch vehicle, at SLC-17B, Cape Canaveral
5352:
1809:"THEMIS - eoPortal Directory - Satellite Missions"
1982:See page 8 in this document for antenna reference
792:European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
652:. Tail science is performed in the winter of the
8209:
1361:
1359:
1357:
797:"ARTEMIS" redirects here. For other topics, see
81:* Explorer 89 - THEMIS-E - THEMIS-P4 - MIDEX-5E
79:* Explorer 88 - THEMIS-D - THEMIS-P3 - MIDEX-5D
5356:
1153:(TRACE), launched in 1998, decommissioned 2010.
5360:
5131:
1894:Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
1254:"Trajectory: THEMIS-A (Explorer 85) 2007-004A"
73:Explorer 85 - THEMIS-A - THEMIS-P5 - MIDEX-5A
41:"ARTEMIS" redirects here. For other uses, see
7461:
7023:
5592:
4701:
3803:
3789:
3738:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
2014:
1607:"Tail Reconnection Triggering Substorm Onset"
1549:. Goddard Space Flight Center. Archived from
1517:
1495:. Goddard Space Flight Center. Archived from
1354:
1129:(SMM), launched in 1980, decommissioned 1989.
3718:List of species that have landed on the Moon
1571:
1365:
1123:(SOHO), launched in 1995, still operational.
1070:
977:Centre national de la recherche scientifique
1661:
1547:"Multimedia for the Press Event for THEMIS"
1117:(SDO), launched in 2010, still operational.
1079:(ACE), launched in 1997, still operational.
1028:
668:" or "field-aligned currents") proposed by
7468:
7454:
7030:
7016:
5971:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
5599:
5585:
4708:
4694:
3796:
3782:
2021:
2007:
1972:Canadian Ground-based observatory web page
1398:
6865:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
1913:
1861:
1784:
1630:
1246:
1234:. NASA's Solar System Exploration website
5500:
1710:
1708:
1159:, launched in 1990, decommissioned 2009.
940:
803:
571:
501:(ESA), a solid state telescope (SST), a
8233:Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets
6950:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
1743:
610:The launch service was provided by the
14:
8210:
5738:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
3713:List of artificial objects on the Moon
1750:The Sun-Earth Connection: Heliophysics
1721:The Sun-Earth Connection: Heliophysics
1491:Cynthia O'Carroll (11 December 2007).
1452:
1450:
1283:
1281:
1165:, launched in 1994, still operational.
1151:Transition Region and Coronal Explorer
1065:SPEDAS software for space physics data
512:THEMIS data can be accessed using the
27:NASA satellite of the Explorer program
7449:
7011:
6528:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
5580:
4715:
4689:
3777:
2002:
1803:
1801:
1705:
1664:"Secret of Colorful Auroras Revealed"
1545:Cynthia O'Carroll (7 December 2007).
1366:Johnson-Groh, Mara (7 October 2019).
686:University of California, Los Angeles
6990:
3414:International Lunar Research Station
1319:
1060:Timeline of Solar System exploration
1045:List of objects at Lagrangian points
437:, magnetic phenomena that intensify
277:Boeing Defense, Space & Security
7037:
1714:
1447:
1278:
1020:
946:Digital Fields Board (DFB): uses a
757:
24:
5644:National Aeronautics and Space Act
4726:List of Explorers Program missions
2128:Japanese Lunar Exploration Program
1798:
1468:Space Sciences Laboratory (2009).
1392:
1121:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
1035:List of active Solar System probes
768:University of California, Berkeley
605:University of California, Berkeley
541:University of California, Berkeley
459:Three of the satellites orbit the
25:
8264:
8248:Spacecraft using Lissajous orbits
7331:Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility
6598:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
6152:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
5552:indicates active current missions
4670:List of extraterrestrial orbiters
1934:
637:
634:(SMEX) mission launched in 1996.
130:30580, 30581, 30582, 30583, 30584
6989:
6978:
6977:
6893:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
6651:Space Flight Operations Facility
5837:Operations and Checkout Building
5484:
4563:Double Asteroid Redirection Test
3733:Moon landing conspiracy theories
1766:
1744:Hendrix, Susan (25 March 2015).
1725:
1586:
1435:
1380:
1342:
1301:
1266:
1196:
1182:
883:
871:
859:
847:
742:
725:
713:
701:
445:. The name of the mission is an
386:
373:Electric Field Instruments (EFI)
56:
6112:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
5564:indicate missions yet to launch
3450:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
1955:NASA's Solar System Exploration
1878:
1826:
1778:
1737:
1715:Fox, Karen C. (25 March 2015).
1678:
1655:
1598:
1565:
1538:
1518:Tony Phillips (20 March 2008).
1511:
1484:
1401:"Mission Status Center: THEMIS"
1399:Justin Ray (18 February 2007).
987:
339:87,330 km (54,260 mi)
32:Thermal Emission Imaging System
8253:Geospace monitoring satellites
1461:
1415:
1313:
1224:
935:
628:Fast Auroral SnapshoT Explorer
576:The launch of THEMIS atop the
402:Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory
379:Search-coil magnetometer (SCM)
124:
13:
1:
8228:Space probes launched in 2007
7187:Interplanetary magnetic field
7129:Magnetosphere particle motion
1689:. UC Berkeley. Archived from
1572:Laura Layton (24 July 2008).
1423:"SPACEWARN Bulletin, No. 640"
1217:
1077:Advanced Composition Explorer
1040:List of heliophysics missions
948:Field-programmable gate array
808:ARTEMIS probes in lunar orbit
519:
8238:Satellites orbiting the Moon
6930:Space program on U.S. stamps
6855:Gemini and Apollo medallions
6805:Solar System Family Portrait
6581:Joint Polar Satellite System
6450:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
5704:Vision for Space Exploration
5674:Space Exploration Initiative
5558:indicates cancelled missions
3897:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
3748:List of crewed lunar landers
3708:List of missions to the Moon
3531:Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander
3490:Lunar Crater Radio Telescope
3262:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost
2577:SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)
2233:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
2205:
1842:Geophysical Research Letters
1662:Tariq Malik (24 July 2008).
693:THEMIS images and multimedia
375:Electrostatic Analyzer (ESA)
139:http://themis.igpp.ucla.edu/
7:
6925:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
6882:We choose to go to the Moon
6845:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
6403:International Space Station
6383:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
6122:Great Observatories program
5966:International Space Station
5944:Roscosmos State Corporation
5861:Science Mission Directorate
5807:Manned Space Flight Network
4660:List of Solar System probes
3590:International Lunar Network
1685:Space Sciences Laboratory.
1175:
1050:List of Solar System probes
866:Trans-lunar injection phase
381:Solid State Telescope (SST)
377:Fluxgate magnetometer (FGM)
240:17 February 2007, 23:01:00
10:
8269:
7192:Heliospheric current sheet
6742:NASA cameras on spacecraft
6553:James Webb Space Telescope
6465:Solar Dynamics Observatory
5686:U.S. National Space Policy
1977:Berkeleyan Launch Coverage
1115:Solar Dynamics Observatory
796:
785:
781:
551:
410:(Explorer 90) →
40:
29:
8193:
8130:
8086:
7997:
7931:
7885:
7859:
7801:
7740:
7631:
7586:
7540:
7500:
7390:
7339:
7296:
7220:
7152:
7086:
7045:
6973:
6873:
6750:
6665:
6610:
6573:
6372:
6182:
6169:
6099:
6013:
6003:
5958:
5884:
5873:
5817:Vehicle Assembly Building
5725:
5624:
5614:
5545:
5493:
5482:
5351:
5240:
5130:
4739:
4732:
4723:
4655:
4541:
4307:
4173:
4162:
4133:
4080:
4015:
3932:
3844:
3823:
3812:
3756:
3685:
3551:
3508:
3442:
3433:
3358:
3333:
3284:
3252:
3176:
3167:
2998:
2916:
2836:
2750:
2638:
2585:
2405:
2396:List of Apollo astronauts
2345:
2336:
2316:
2300:
2274:
2198:
2189:
2040:
1946:THEMIS mission page (UCB)
1785:Broschart, S. B. (2009).
1520:"Spring is Aurora Season"
1322:"Dead Spacecraft Walking"
1135:(SOLO), launched in 2020.
1071:Other relevant spacecraft
1006:Space Sciences Laboratory
890:Selenocentric orbit phase
764:Space Sciences Laboratory
601:Space Sciences Laboratory
567:
558:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
467:. Those two were renamed
385:
372:
367:
363:
353:
343:
333:
329:470 km (290 mi)
323:
313:
303:
298:
294:
290:
282:
272:
258:
247:
236:
231:
227:
223:
211:
203:
193:
183:
175:
167:
162:
158:
154:
144:
134:
121:
111:
101:
91:
87:
67:
55:
7144:Van Allen radiation belt
7124:Magnetosphere chronology
6888:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
6812:The Day the Earth Smiled
6147:Solar Terrestrial Probes
5606:
4675:List of space telescopes
3693:Colonization of the Moon
1965:12 February 2021 at the
1687:"THEMIS News and Events"
1055:List of space telescopes
1029:Lists of relevant topics
954:(FFT) on instrument data
799:Artemis (disambiguation)
786:Not to be confused with
774:under the mission name "
503:search-coil magnetometer
117:2007-004 (A, B, C, D, E)
43:ARTEMIS (disambiguation)
7053:Atmospheric circulation
6945:Other primates in space
6657:Deep Space Atomic Clock
6477:Mars Science Laboratory
6265:Spitzer Space Telescope
5854:Lunar Sample Laboratory
5797:Launch Services Program
3743:Apollo 11 anniversaries
3580:European Lunar Explorer
2803:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)
1632:10.1126/science.1160495
1291:. NASA. 28 October 2021
1256:. NASA. 28 October 2021
1000:simultaneously monitor
621:
616:Launch Services Program
318:Highly Elliptical Orbit
96:Magnetospheric research
36:Themis (disambiguation)
7063:Earth's magnetic field
6960:National Astronaut Day
6903:The Astronaut Monument
6725:Space Shuttle missions
6425:Mars Exploration Rover
6408:Hubble Space Telescope
6317:Kepler space telescope
6117:Earth Observing System
6091:Mars Exploration Rover
5802:Mercury Control Center
2929:Emirates Lunar Mission
1992:19 August 2019 at the
1960:Space Ref news release
1951:THEMIS Mission Profile
1752:. NASA. Archived from
1522:. NASA. Archived from
1328:. NASA. Archived from
1289:"THEMIS (Explorer 85)"
952:Fast Fourier transform
854:Geocentric orbit phase
809:
632:Small Explorer program
612:United Launch Alliance
581:
499:electrostatic analyzer
62:Five THEMIS satellites
34:. For other uses, see
7167:Coronal mass ejection
7087:Earth's magnetosphere
6908:Lunar sample displays
6898:Space Mirror Memorial
6840:Voyager Golden Record
6732:United States rockets
5924: (with the
5832:Launch Control Center
4623:Peregrine Mission One
4167:(by termination date)
3942:Emirates Mars Mission
3817:(deep space missions)
3538:Lunar Orbital Station
2990:Peregrine Mission One
1127:Solar Maximum Mission
941:Aboard the spacecraft
878:Lissajous orbit phase
841:Animation of THEMIS-B
807:
682:Vassilis Angelopoulos
678:magnetic reconnection
592:on 17 February 2007.
575:
531:which is now part of
495:fluxgate magnetometer
431:Earth's magnetosphere
392:THEMIS mission patch
304:Reference system
163:Spacecraft properties
7484:Orbital launches in
7340:Other magnetospheres
7202:Solar particle event
5926:Soviet space program
5844:Johnson Space Center
5812:Kennedy Space Center
5775:spinoff technologies
4665:List of lunar probes
4252:Mars Global Surveyor
4164:Completed after 2000
3703:List of lunar probes
3698:Google Lunar X Prize
3647:Project Harvest Moon
2760:Lunar Roving Vehicle
2240:(relay satellite at
1915:10.1029/2011JA017035
1863:10.1029/2009GL037595
1526:on 25 September 2009
1425:. NASA. 1 March 2007
1332:on 18 September 2011
1326:ARTEMIS mission site
1095:launched on Cluster.
762:On 19 May 2008, the
562:Pasadena, California
537:Beltsville, Maryland
6935:Apollo 17 Moon mice
6791:Pillars of Creation
6698:Space Shuttle crews
6176:(human and robotic)
6170:Individual featured
5753:Ranks and positions
3814:Active space probes
3728:Apollo 17 Moon mice
3657:Resource Prospector
3585:First Lunar Outpost
3568:Baden-Württemberg 1
3524:Boeing Lunar Lander
2649:Apollo Lunar Module
2463:(propulsion module)
2428:Apollo Lunar Module
2030:Spacecraft missions
1906:2011JGRA..11612205L
1854:2009GeoRL..36.9104L
1623:2008Sci...321..931A
1204:Solar System portal
1141:, launched in 2018.
794:satellite ARTEMIS..
654:northern hemisphere
52:
6737:NASA cancellations
6632:Deep Space Network
6622:Near Earth Network
6107:Living With a Star
6081:Project Prometheus
6061:Planetary Observer
4902:25 (Injun 4, IE-B)
4588:Hakuto-R Mission 1
4134:Interstellar space
3831:Parker Solar Probe
3396:Cislunar Explorers
1987:THEMIS email lists
1756:on 3 February 2023
1232:"ARTEMIS (THEMIS)"
1190:Spaceflight portal
1139:Parker Solar Probe
810:
670:Kristian Birkeland
666:Birkeland currents
582:
299:Orbital parameters
50:
8223:NASA space probes
8218:Explorers Program
8205:
8204:
7443:
7442:
7297:Research projects
7265:
7236:
7177:Geomagnetic storm
7094:Birkeland current
7005:
7004:
6918:stolen or missing
6715:uncrewed missions
6693:Apollo astronauts
6688:Gemini astronauts
6606:
6605:
6390:2001 Mars Odyssey
6165:
6164:
6041:Mars Surveyor '98
5999:
5998:
5942: (with
5875:Human spaceflight
5869:
5868:
5827:Launch Complex 48
5822:Launch Complex 39
5574:
5573:
5541:
5540:
5480:
5479:
4987:42 (Uhuru, SAS-A)
4717:Explorers Program
4683:
4682:
4651:
4650:
4158:
4157:
3963:2001 Mars Odyssey
3771:
3770:
3617:Lunar Mission One
3574:#dearMoon project
3547:
3546:
3429:
3428:
3274:Lunar Trailblazer
3163:
3162:
2605:Moon Impact Probe
2332:
2331:
1617:(5891): 931–935.
1553:on 1 October 2008
1403:. SpaceFlight Now
732:
614:through the NASA
546:Earth Observing-1
416:
415:
252:Delta II 7925-10C
148:Planned: 2 years
16:(Redirected from
8260:
8138:Globus-1M No.11L
7489:
7488:
7487:
7470:
7463:
7456:
7447:
7446:
7281:Van Allen Probes
7263:
7234:
7046:Submagnetosphere
7032:
7025:
7018:
7009:
7008:
6993:
6992:
6981:
6980:
6819:Fallen Astronaut
6460:Van Allen Probes
6180:
6179:
6086:Mars Exploration
6011:
6010:
5882:
5881:
5650:Space Task Group
5622:
5621:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5578:
5577:
5557:
5551:
5498:
5497:
5488:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5413:
5391:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5147:
5133:
4737:
4736:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4687:
4686:
4171:
4170:
3821:
3820:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3775:
3774:
3440:
3439:
3390:Lunar Pathfinder
3174:
3173:
3070:Lunar Flashlight
2557:Lunar Prospector
2343:
2342:
2224:(service module)
2196:
2195:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1941:NASA THEMIS page
1928:
1927:
1917:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1634:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1465:
1459:
1454:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1363:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1320:Phillips, Tony.
1317:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1285:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1228:
1212:Explorer program
1206:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1110:Van Allen Probes
1021:Research results
929:
924:
915:
910:
901:
899:
887:
875:
863:
851:
758:Extended mission
746:
734:
733:
717:
708:THEMIS in orbit.
705:
662:upper atmosphere
533:Northrop Grumman
525:Swales Aerospace
449:alluding to the
395:Explorer program
390:
325:Perigee altitude
308:Geocentric orbit
232:Start of mission
198:Swales Aerospace
145:Mission duration
126:
60:
53:
49:
21:
8268:
8267:
8263:
8262:
8261:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8208:
8207:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8189:
8126:
8082:
7993:
7927:
7881:
7855:
7797:
7736:
7627:
7582:
7536:
7496:
7495:
7485:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7474:
7444:
7439:
7386:
7335:
7292:
7216:
7148:
7082:
7041:
7039:Magnetospherics
7036:
7006:
7001:
6969:
6869:
6860:Mission patches
6835:Pioneer plaques
6798:Mystic Mountain
6775:Family Portrait
6768:The Blue Marble
6752:
6746:
6720:Apollo missions
6661:
6613:
6602:
6569:
6374:
6368:
6205:Mercury-Atlas 6
6175:
6171:
6161:
6095:
6031:Mariner Mark II
5995:
5976:Commercial Crew
5954:
5877:
5865:
5849:Mission Control
5748:Astronaut Corps
5743:Chief Scientist
5721:
5626:
5610:
5605:
5575:
5570:
5555:
5549:
5537:
5489:
5476:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5411:
5389:
5347:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5236:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5145:
5126:
4728:
4719:
4714:
4684:
4679:
4647:
4537:
4457:LISA Pathfinder
4303:
4166:
4154:
4129:
4076:
4011:
3928:
3840:
3816:
3808:
3802:
3772:
3767:
3752:
3723:Lunar resources
3681:
3553:
3543:
3504:
3435:
3425:
3354:
3329:
3280:
3248:
3169:
3159:
2994:
2986:(Chandrayaan-2)
2917:Failed landings
2912:
2832:
2808:(Chandrayaan-3)
2746:
2733:(Chandrayaan-3)
2634:
2581:
2532:Lunar Orbiter 1
2401:
2346:Crewed landings
2338:
2328:
2312:
2296:
2270:
2245:
2191:
2185:
2077:Lunar Precursor
2044:
2036:
2027:
1994:Wayback Machine
1967:Wayback Machine
1937:
1932:
1931:
1883:
1879:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1767:
1759:
1757:
1742:
1738:
1726:
1713:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1693:on 22 June 2010
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1660:
1656:
1603:
1599:
1587:
1579:
1577:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1499:on 28 June 2022
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1470:"Themis Orbits"
1466:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1436:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1397:
1393:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1364:
1355:
1343:
1335:
1333:
1318:
1314:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1267:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1083:Cassini–Huygens
1073:
1031:
1023:
994:ground stations
990:
943:
938:
933:
932:
931:
930:
922:
921:
908:
907:
897:
896:
893:
892:
891:
888:
880:
879:
876:
868:
867:
864:
856:
855:
852:
843:
842:
820:around a lunar
818:Lissajous orbit
812:In early 2010,
802:
795:
788:Artemis program
784:
760:
755:
754:
753:
750:
747:
738:
735:
726:
721:
718:
709:
706:
695:
694:
650:aurora borealis
640:
624:
570:
554:
522:
412:
411:
405:
397:
391:
380:
378:
376:
374:
359:1870.00 minutes
335:Apogee altitude
286:4 December 2007
283:Entered service
176:Spacecraft type
149:
80:
78:
76:
74:
63:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8266:
8256:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8203:
8202:
8198:Crewed flights
8194:
8191:
8190:
8188:
8187:
8174:
8169:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8134:
8132:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8124:
8119:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8090:
8088:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8080:
8067:
8062:
8050:
8045:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8011:
8001:
7999:
7995:
7994:
7992:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7967:
7953:
7948:
7941:
7935:
7933:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7925:
7916:
7900:
7895:
7889:
7887:
7883:
7882:
7880:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7863:
7861:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7816:
7811:
7805:
7803:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7795:
7790:
7773:
7771:Zheda PiXing 1
7764:
7759:
7754:
7744:
7742:
7738:
7737:
7735:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7715:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7635:
7633:
7629:
7628:
7626:
7625:
7616:
7590:
7588:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7580:
7578:IGS Optical 3V
7571:
7550:
7544:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7534:
7527:
7522:
7504:
7502:
7498:
7497:
7491:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7465:
7458:
7450:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7436:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7394:
7392:
7391:Related topics
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7322:
7321:
7311:
7306:
7300:
7298:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7290:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7266:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7228:
7224:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7162:Magnetic cloud
7158:
7156:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7090:
7088:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7042:
7035:
7034:
7027:
7020:
7012:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6987:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6955:Astronauts Day
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6915:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6877:
6875:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6815:
6808:
6801:
6794:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6771:
6764:
6756:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6707:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6629:
6624:
6618:
6616:
6614:and navigation
6612:Communications
6608:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6592:Europa Clipper
6588:
6583:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6498:
6491:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6474:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6393:
6386:
6378:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6351:
6344:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6332:
6319:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6295:
6288:
6283:
6275:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6177:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6046:New Millennium
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6017:
6015:
6008:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5934:
5929:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5888:
5886:
5879:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5767:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5713:
5707:
5701:
5695:
5689:
5683:
5677:
5671:
5665:
5659:
5653:
5647:
5641:
5634:
5632:
5619:
5612:
5611:
5604:
5603:
5596:
5589:
5581:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5504:
5502:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5415:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5365:
5363:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5246:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5182:85–89 (THEMIS)
5178:
5171:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5037:52 (Hawkeye 1)
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4997:44 (Solrad 10)
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4743:
4741:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4713:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4690:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4607:
4595:
4590:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4521:
4516:
4509:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4476:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4459:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4439:
4431:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4401:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4377:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4322:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4186:
4184:NEAR Shoemaker
4177:
4175:
4168:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4145:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4007:
3994:
3987:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3914:
3912:Tiandu 1 and 2
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3825:
3818:
3810:
3809:
3801:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3622:Lunar Observer
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3570:
3565:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3191:
3182:
3180:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2833:
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2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2644:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2417:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2349:
2347:
2340:
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2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2048:
2046:
2038:
2037:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1957:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1935:External links
1933:
1930:
1929:
1877:
1825:
1797:
1777:
1736:
1704:
1677:
1654:
1597:
1564:
1537:
1510:
1483:
1460:
1446:
1414:
1391:
1353:
1312:
1277:
1245:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1193:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
989:
986:
985:
984:
981:
968:
965:
961:
958:
955:
942:
939:
937:
934:
900: THEMIS-B
895:
894:
889:
882:
881:
877:
870:
869:
865:
858:
857:
853:
846:
845:
844:
840:
839:
838:
837:
822:Lagrange point
783:
780:
759:
756:
752:
751:
748:
741:
739:
736:
724:
722:
719:
712:
710:
707:
700:
697:
696:
692:
691:
690:
639:
638:Mission status
636:
623:
620:
569:
566:
553:
550:
527:, now part of
521:
518:
491:launch vehicle
477:THEMIS-ARTEMIS
414:
413:
406:
399:
398:
393:
383:
382:
370:
369:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
351:
350:
347:
341:
340:
337:
331:
330:
327:
321:
320:
315:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
296:
295:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
269:
263:Cape Canaveral
260:
256:
255:
249:
245:
244:
238:
234:
233:
229:
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
187:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
171:Explorer LXXXV
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
128:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:
82:
69:
65:
64:
61:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8265:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8243:Space weather
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8213:
8199:
8192:
8186:
8182:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8172:Progress M-62
8170:
8168:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8129:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8089:
8085:
8079:
8075:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8060:
8056:
8055:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8043:Globalstar 70
8040:
8039:Globalstar 78
8036:
8035:Globalstar 67
8032:
8031:Globalstar 66
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8016:
8012:
8010:
8006:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7996:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7971:
7968:
7965:
7961:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7946:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7934:
7930:
7924:
7920:
7917:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7905:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7893:Progress M-61
7891:
7890:
7888:
7884:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7858:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7822:
7821:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7800:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7788:Globalstar 72
7785:
7784:Globalstar 71
7781:
7780:Globalstar 69
7777:
7776:Globalstar 65
7774:
7772:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7757:Progress M-60
7755:
7753:
7749:
7746:
7745:
7743:
7739:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7710:
7706:
7702:
7698:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7685:SaudiComsat-7
7682:
7681:SaudiComsat-6
7678:
7677:SaudiComsat-5
7674:
7673:SaudiComsat-4
7670:
7669:SaudiComsat-3
7666:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7624:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7611:
7607:
7603:
7599:
7595:
7592:
7591:
7589:
7585:
7579:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7539:
7533:
7532:
7528:
7526:
7525:Progress M-59
7523:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7499:
7494:
7490:
7479:
7471:
7466:
7464:
7459:
7457:
7452:
7451:
7448:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7338:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7295:
7289:
7288:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7219:
7213:
7212:Space weather
7210:
7208:
7207:Space climate
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7119:Magnetosphere
7117:
7115:
7114:Magnetosheath
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7085:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7033:
7028:
7026:
7021:
7019:
7014:
7013:
7010:
6998:
6997:
6988:
6986:
6985:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6966:
6965:Nikon NASA F4
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6872:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6850:NASA insignia
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6830:Lunar plaques
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6795:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6784:
6783:
6782:Pale Blue Dot
6779:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6772:
6770:
6769:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6757:
6755:
6749:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6710:NASA missions
6708:
6706:
6705:NASA aircraft
6703:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6627:Space Network
6625:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6615:
6609:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6566:
6563:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6535:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6371:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6260:Space Shuttle
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6168:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:New Frontiers
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6051:Lunar Orbiter
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6002:
5992:
5991:Lunar Gateway
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5951:
5950:Constellation
5948:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5933:
5932:Space Shuttle
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5770:NASA research
5768:
5766:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5602:
5597:
5595:
5590:
5588:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5492:
5487:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5435:
5433:
5428:
5426:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5379:76 (TERRIERS)
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5325:
5323:
5318:
5316:
5311:
5309:
5304:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5290:
5288:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5205:
5200:
5198:
5193:
5191:
5186:
5184:
5179:
5177:
5172:
5170:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4962:37 (Solrad 9)
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:30 (Solrad 8)
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4706:
4704:
4699:
4697:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4599:
4598:Chandrayaan-3
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4532:
4530:
4525:
4524:Chandrayaan-2
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4381:Venus Express
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4287:Chandrayaan-1
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4206:
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4082:Minor planets
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4016:Other planets
4014:
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3999:
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3988:
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3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Chandrayaan-2
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3836:Solar Orbiter
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3804:21st-century
3799:
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3759:
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3322:
3319:
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3307:
3304:
3301:
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3259:
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3235:
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3228:
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3223:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3195:Lunar Gateway
3192:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3166:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:Lunar IceCube
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
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3021:
3018:
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3009:
3006:
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2862:
2858:
2856:
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2848:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2838:Sample return
2835:
2829:
2826:
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2816:
2814:
2811:
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2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
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2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2461:Chandrayaan-3
2459:
2457:
2456:Chandrayaan-1
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
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2249:
2246:
2239:
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2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2216:Chandrayaan-2
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
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2161:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
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2145:
2141:
2138:
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2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
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2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Lunar Orbiter
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
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2031:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2005:
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2001:
1995:
1991:
1988:
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1968:
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1887:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1848:(9): L09104.
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1814:
1813:earth.esa.int
1810:
1804:
1802:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1774:
1773:public domain
1755:
1751:
1747:
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1733:
1732:public domain
1722:
1718:
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1593:public domain
1575:
1568:
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1548:
1541:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1472:. UC Berkeley
1471:
1464:
1458:
1457:FAST EPO News
1453:
1451:
1443:
1442:public domain
1424:
1418:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1387:public domain
1369:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1350:
1349:public domain
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1308:public domain
1290:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1273:public domain
1255:
1249:
1233:
1227:
1223:
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1210:
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1180:
1170:
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1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:Solar Orbiter
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
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1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:North America
995:
982:
979:
978:
973:
969:
966:
962:
959:
956:
953:
949:
945:
944:
928:
919:
914:
905:
886:
874:
862:
850:
836:
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
806:
800:
793:
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773:
769:
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723:
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687:
683:
679:
673:
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663:
658:
655:
651:
646:
635:
633:
629:
619:
617:
613:
608:
606:
603:(SSL) of the
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
579:
574:
565:
563:
559:
549:
547:
542:
538:
534:
530:
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517:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
452:
448:
444:
443:Earth's poles
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
409:
404:(Explorer 84)
403:
400:←
396:
389:
384:
371:
366:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
346:
342:
338:
336:
332:
328:
326:
322:
319:
316:
312:
309:
306:
302:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
243:
239:
235:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
207:126 kg (each)
206:
202:
199:
196:
192:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
157:
153:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
129:
127:
120:
116:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
86:
72:
71:
70:
66:
59:
54:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
8197:
8167:Rascom-QAF 1
8052:
8015:Soyuz TMA-11
8013:
7970:Foton-M No.3
7943:
7913:SpaceHab LSM
7902:
7872:Zhongxing 6B
7818:
7640:Soyuz TMA-10
7638:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7529:
7516:Lapan-TUBsat
7413:Ring systems
7408:Lunar swirls
7285:
7275:
7268:
7139:Ring current
7134:Plasmasphere
7109:Magnetopause
6995:
6983:
6817:
6810:
6804:
6796:
6789:
6780:
6773:
6766:
6759:
6590:
6539:Perseverance
6538:
6500:
6493:
6470:
6430:
6419:
6413:
6397:New Horizons
6395:
6388:
6381:
6354:
6346:
6322:
6310:
6303:
6290:
6278:
6270:
6231:
6223:
6216:
6209:
5938:
5922:Apollo–Soyuz
5561:
5550:Green titles
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5396:82 (CHIPSat)
5340:
5333:
5326:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5180:
4977:40 (Injun 5)
4872:S-66A (BE-A)
4628:
4610:
4602:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4528:
4511:
4504:
4478:
4461:
4446:Schiaparelli
4444:
4434:
4426:
4420:
4403:
4396:
4387:Chang'e 5-T1
4379:
4362:
4340:
4328:
4317:
4279:
4262:
4250:
4238:
4226:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4190:Deep Space 1
4188:
4147:
4140:
4114:New Horizons
4112:
4105:
4094:
4064:
4050:
4036:
4022:
4003:Perseverance
4002:
3989:
3982:
3961:
3956:Mars Express
3954:
3878:
3853:
3806:space probes
3761:
3612:Lunar Lander
3599:
3572:
3560:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3416:(late 2020s)
3242:Artemis VIII
3240:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3193:
3185:
3020:Chang'e 5-T1
3012:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2647:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2222:Chang'e 5-T1
2135:South Korean
1897:
1893:
1880:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1812:
1787:
1780:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1749:
1739:
1720:
1695:. Retrieved
1691:the original
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1657:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1578:. Retrieved
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1551:the original
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:the original
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:the original
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1463:
1427:. Retrieved
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1394:
1372:. Retrieved
1334:. Retrieved
1330:the original
1325:
1315:
1293:. Retrieved
1258:. Retrieved
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1226:
1024:
991:
988:Ground based
975:
971:
917:
903:
834:
830:
825:
813:
811:
761:
674:
659:
641:
625:
609:
594:
583:
555:
523:
511:
481:
476:
472:
468:
458:
422:
418:
417:
394:
194:Manufacturer
92:Mission type
47:
8185:Kosmos 2436
8181:Kosmos 2435
8177:Kosmos 2434
8117:Star One C1
8078:Kosmos 2433
8074:Kosmos 2432
8070:Kosmos 2431
8048:Kosmos 2430
8005:Intelsat 11
7979:WorldView-1
7951:Kosmos 2429
7851:Kosmos 2428
7809:Kosmos 2427
7762:NigComSat-1
7651:Hai Yang 1B
7602:FalconSAT-3
7574:IGS Radar 2
7520:Pehuensat-1
7319:Unwin Radar
7245:Double Star
7182:Heliosphere
7172:Solar flare
6825:Deep fields
6753:and artwork
6751:NASA images
6323:Opportunity
5792:NASA Social
5618:and history
5556:Grey titles
5384:79 (HETE-2)
5300:93 (NuSTAR)
5275:81 (RHESSI)
5250:68 (SAMPEX)
5092:61 (Magsat)
5067:56 (ISEE-1)
4957:36 (GEOS-B)
4922:29 (GEOS-A)
4519:Longjiang-2
4505:Opportunity
4486:Longjiang-1
4364:Deep Impact
4024:BepiColombo
3642:OrbitBeyond
3552:Cancelled /
3420:Argonaut M1
3378:Beresheet 2
3366:Hakuto-R M2
3234:Artemis VII
3202:Artemis III
3040:Longjiang-1
2934:Hakuto-R M1
2497:Longjiang-2
2472:Explorer 35
2116:Chandrayaan
2042:Exploration
1666:. Space.com
1238:29 November
1093:Double Star
974:(CETP) and
936:Instruments
772:lunar orbit
529:Orbital ATK
368:Instruments
345:Inclination
259:Launch site
254:(Delta 323)
237:Launch date
204:Launch mass
8212:Categories
8163:Horizons-2
8153:Radarsat-2
8094:SAR-Lupe 3
7919:Spaceway-3
7877:DirecTV-10
7867:SAR-Lupe 2
7846:Genesis II
7836:TerraSAR-X
7705:AeroCube 2
7701:Libertad 1
7665:Saudisat-3
7661:EgyptSat 1
7656:Compass-M1
7508:Cartosat-2
7367:Ganymedian
7240:Cluster II
7221:Satellites
7197:Heliopause
7154:Solar wind
7104:Ionosphere
7078:Polar wind
7073:Jet stream
6913:Moon rocks
6673:Astronauts
6666:NASA lists
6523:OSIRIS-REx
6357:helicopter
6225:Pioneer 11
6218:Pioneer 10
6021:Hitchhiker
5896:suborbital
5733:Space Race
5280:83 (GALEX)
5260:73 (TRACE)
5224:HelioSwarm
5175:84 (Swift)
5157:78 (IMAGE)
5042:53 (SAS-C)
5027:50 (IMP-J)
5022:49 (RAE-B)
5017:48 (SAS-B)
5012:47 (IMP-H)
5002:45 (SSS-A)
4992:43 (IMP-I)
4982:41 (IMP-G)
4967:38 (RAE-A)
4952:35 (IMP-E)
4947:34 (IMP-F)
4942:33 (IMP-D)
4932:31 (DME-A)
4917:28 (IMP-C)
4907:26 (EPE-D)
4892:23 (S-55C)
4882:21 (IMP-B)
4862:18 (IMP-A)
4852:16 (S-55B)
4847:15 (EPE-C)
4842:14 (EPE-B)
4837:13 (S-55A)
4832:12 (EPE-A)
4747:Explorer 1
4631:helicopter
4570:Mangalyaan
4202:Pioneer 10
4120:OSIRIS-REx
4101:MINERVA-II
3652:Prospector
3627:Lunokhod 3
3500:Moon Diver
3495:McCandless
3408:MoonRanger
3226:Artemis VI
3210:Artemis IV
3187:Artemis II
3085:Mariner 10
2974:Surveyor 2
2969:OMOTENASHI
2788:Lunokhod 1
2706:Surveyor 1
2467:Clementine
1818:12 January
1670:2 December
1580:2 December
1557:2 December
1530:2 December
1503:2 December
1476:2 December
1429:2 December
1407:2 December
1374:10 October
1295:4 December
1260:5 December
1218:References
826:ARTEMIS-P2
814:ARTEMIS-P1
520:Spacecraft
497:(FGM), an
273:Contractor
168:Spacecraft
8113:Skynet 5B
8065:Chang'e 1
7939:INSAT-4CR
7932:September
7793:Sinosat-3
7752:Galaxy 17
7619:Skynet 5A
7606:MidSTAR-1
7548:Beidou-1D
7403:Gas torus
7398:Flux tube
7382:Neptunian
7372:Saturnian
7326:SuperDARN
7227:Full list
7099:Bow shock
7068:Geosphere
6940:Moon tree
6761:Earthrise
6636:Goldstone
6533:Mars 2020
6502:Voyager 2
6495:Voyager 1
6431:Curiosity
6375:operating
6373:Currently
6355:Ingenuity
6292:MESSENGER
6271:Sojourner
6200:Mercury 3
6190:Apollo 11
6137:Discovery
6127:Explorers
5716:Augustine
5680:Augustine
5501:Proposals
5494:Proposals
5374:72 (SNOE)
5321:97 (IXPE)
5307:94 (IRIS)
5293:91 (IBEX)
5270:75 (WIRE)
5265:74 (SWAS)
5255:70 (FAST)
5203:96 (ICON)
5196:95 (TESS)
5189:92 (WISE)
5162:80 (WMAP)
5152:77 (FUSE)
5140:69 (RXTE)
5122:67 (EUVE)
5117:66 (COBE)
5102:63 (DE-2)
5097:62 (DE-1)
5087:60 (SAGE)
5077:58 (HCMM)
5052:55 (AE-E)
5047:54 (AE-D)
5032:51 (AE-C)
4972:39 (AD-C)
4937:32 (AE-B)
4912:27 (BE-C)
4897:24 (AD-B)
4887:22 (BE-B)
4877:20 (IE-A)
4867:19 (AD-A)
4857:17 (AE-A)
4817:11 (S-15)
4802:9 (S-56A)
4740:1958–1992
4629:Ingenuity
4552:Chang'e 5
4513:Beresheet
4398:MESSENGER
4275:Chang'e 1
4149:Voyager 2
4142:Voyager 1
4096:Hayabusa2
4090:Chang'e 2
3997:Mars 2020
3991:Tianwen-1
3983:Curiosity
3917:Chang'e 6
3907:Queqiao 2
3887:Chang'e 5
3874:Chang'e 4
3869:Chang'e 3
3667:Ukrselena
3517:DSE-Alpha
3475:Garatéa-L
3465:Blue Moon
3460:Artemis-7
3384:ispace M3
3349:Chang'e 8
3343:Chang'e 7
3286:Luna-Glob
3218:Artemis V
3100:Pioneer 4
3090:NEA Scout
3065:LunaH-Map
3014:Apollo 13
2924:Beresheet
2903:Chang'e 5
2847:Apollo 11
2766:Apollo 15
2656:Chang'e 5
2587:Impactors
2441:Chang'e 1
2436:Artemis I
2354:Apollo 11
2282:Chang'e 3
2238:Queqiao 1
2152:Luna-Glob
1924:2156-2202
1872:120391902
1649:206514133
1104:MESSENGER
766:(SSL) at
507:hydrazine
486:aboard a
479:mission.
435:substorms
433:known as
113:COSPAR ID
8131:December
8122:Sirius 4
8108:Yaogan 3
8087:November
8009:Optus D2
7984:CBERS-2B
7945:JCSAT-11
7825:ITS S3/4
7767:Yaogan 2
7748:Astra 1L
7623:INSAT-4B
7614:STPSat-1
7569:THEMIS E
7565:THEMIS D
7561:THEMIS C
7557:THEMIS B
7553:THEMIS A
7541:February
6984:Category
6646:Canberra
6558:timeline
6546:timeline
6482:timeline
6438:timeline
6335:observed
6330:timeline
6298:Aquarius
6238:timeline
6211:Magellan
6173:missions
6071:Surveyor
6007:programs
5937:Shuttle–
5878:programs
5710:Aldridge
5629:creation
5390:INTEGRAL
5286:90 (AIM)
5146:71 (ACE)
5112:65 (CCE)
5107:64 (SME)
5082:59 (ICE)
5072:57 (IUE)
5007:46 (MTS)
4782:7 (S-1A)
4733:Missions
4342:Stardust
4319:Hayabusa
4038:Akatsuki
3859:CAPSTONE
3662:SELENE-2
3637:MoonRise
3632:MoonLITE
3554:concepts
3480:ISOCHRON
3436:missions
3434:Proposed
3170:missions
3105:Ranger 5
2737:EagleCam
2610:Ranger 4
2414:Apollo 8
2406:Orbiters
2339:missions
2324:ArgoMoon
2256:Tiandu-1
2211:CAPSTONE
2199:Orbiters
2192:missions
2174:Lunokhod
2123:Japanese
2092:Surveyor
2052:American
2045:programs
1990:Archived
1963:Archived
1641:18653845
1176:See also
578:Delta II
488:Delta II
102:Operator
8158:USA-199
8148:USA-198
8143:COSMO-2
8103:USA-197
8098:Rubin-7
8059:Harmony
8054:STS-120
8026:USA-196
8021:USA-195
7998:October
7923:BSAT-3a
7904:STS-118
7898:Phoenix
7841:USA-194
7820:STS-117
7814:COSMO-1
7646:Anik F3
7610:NEXTSat
7501:January
7433:Neptune
7418:Jupiter
7377:Uranian
7357:Martian
7347:Hermian
7250:Geotail
6996:Commons
6874:Related
6683:by year
6678:by name
6455:GOES 15
6445:GOES 14
6362:flights
6348:InSight
6304:Cassini
6232:Galileo
6157:SIMPLEx
6132:Voyager
6100:Current
6056:Pioneer
6026:Mariner
6005:Robotic
5986:Artemis
5959:Current
5902:Mercury
5894: (
5787:NASA TV
5726:General
5625:History
5562:Italics
5508:FINESSE
5457:SunRISE
5335:TRACERS
5210:SPHEREx
4777:6 (S-2)
4611:Zhurong
4603:Pragyan
4593:Luna 25
4577:InSight
4529:Pragyan
4463:Cassini
4442:ExoMars
4422:Rosetta
4405:PROCYON
4281:Ulysses
4264:Phoenix
4240:Huygens
4228:Genesis
4209:Galileo
4071:Jupiter
4058:Jupiter
4030:Mercury
3947:ExoMars
3922:ICUBE-Q
3902:Queqiao
3854:ARTEMIS
3762:italics
3686:Related
3607:Lunar-A
3485:LunaNet
3443:Robotic
3410:(2020s)
3404:(2020s)
3398:(2020s)
3372:DESTINY
3326:(2030s)
3324:Luna 31
3320:(2030s)
3318:Luna 30
3314:(2030s)
3312:Luna 29
3306:Luna 28
3300:Luna 27
3294:Luna 26
3270:(2025)
3178:Artemis
3168:Planned
3030:Galileo
3025:Geotail
2888:Luna 16
2828:Jinchan
2640:Landers
2572:SMART-1
2502:Luna 10
2275:Landers
2266:ICUBE-Q
2218:Orbiter
2206:ARTEMIS
2147:Russian
2104:Chang'e
2099:Chinese
2082:Pioneer
2062:Artemis
2032:to the
1902:Bibcode
1900:(A12).
1886:Li, Wen
1850:Bibcode
1834:Li, Wen
1760:21 July
1723:. NASA.
1697:9 April
1619:Bibcode
1611:Science
1336:28 June
1157:Ulysses
1088:Cluster
1013:occurs.
1002:auroras
782:ARTEMIS
776:ARTEMIS
684:of the
618:(LSP).
552:Testing
484:SLC-17B
469:ARTEMIS
447:acronym
439:auroras
267:SLC-17B
135:Website
123:SATCAT
18:ARTEMIS
7956:Kaguya
7909:ITS S5
7886:August
7831:Ofek-7
7709:CSTB-1
7697:CAPE-1
7598:CFESat
7493:2008 →
7478:← 2006
7428:Uranus
7423:Saturn
7362:Jovian
7304:EISCAT
7276:THEMIS
7264:(2015)
7262:
7235:(2016)
7233:
7058:Aurora
6641:Madrid
6574:Future
6489:NuSTAR
6420:THEMIS
6342:RHESSI
6279:Spirit
6076:Viking
6066:Ranger
5917:Skylab
5912:Apollo
5907:Gemini
5765:Budget
5718:(2009)
5712:(2004)
5706:(2004)
5700:(2003)
5694:(2002)
5692:CFUSAI
5688:(1996)
5682:(1990)
5676:(1989)
5670:(1987)
5664:(1986)
5662:Rogers
5658:(1986)
5652:(1958)
5646:(1958)
5640:(1915)
5616:Policy
5533:ESCAPE
5528:EXCEDE
5418:Hitomi
5406:Suzaku
5369:HETE-1
5062:DADE-B
5057:DADE-A
4474:MASCOT
4428:Philae
4411:IKAROS
4329:Spirit
4297:LCROSS
4292:SELENE
4216:Nozomi
4125:Psyche
3892:Danuri
3879:Yutu-2
3562:Altair
3509:Crewed
3422:(2031)
3392:(2026)
3386:(2026)
3380:(2025)
3374:(2025)
3368:(2024)
3359:Others
3351:(2028)
3345:(2026)
3308:(2030)
3302:(2028)
3296:(2027)
3264:(2024)
3245:(2033)
3237:(2032)
3229:(2031)
3221:(2030)
3213:(2028)
3205:(2026)
3190:(2025)
3155:PAS-22
3130:Zond 3
3110:STEREO
3095:Nozomi
3045:Luna 1
3000:Flybys
2984:Vikram
2939:Luna 5
2822:Sora-Q
2752:Rovers
2731:Vikram
2666:Luna 9
2600:Luna 2
2595:LCROSS
2317:Flybys
2308:Yutu-2
2301:Rovers
2228:Danuri
2190:Active
2164:Crewed
2159:Soviet
2140:Danuri
2111:Indian
2087:Ranger
2057:Apollo
1922:
1870:
1647:
1639:
1576:. NASA
1370:. NASA
1145:STEREO
1099:Helios
980:(CNRS)
964:Agency
925:
923:
918:·
916:
911:
909:
904:·
902:
898:
645:apogee
586:STEREO
568:Launch
514:SPEDAS
509:fuel.
454:Themis
423:THEMIS
355:Period
349:16.00°
314:Regime
248:Rocket
219:(each)
189:THEMIS
51:THEMIS
7960:Okina
7727:NFIRE
7718:AGILE
7632:April
7594:ASTRO
7587:March
7531:NSS-8
7512:SRE-1
7352:Lunar
7314:SHARE
7309:HAARP
7270:Polar
7255:IMAGE
7231:Arase
6586:NISAR
6541:rover
6513:MAVEN
6433:rover
6414:Swift
6325:rover
6286:LADEE
6281:rover
6273:rover
6250:GRAIL
6245:GALEX
6036:MESUR
5981:Orion
5782:NASA+
5758:Chief
5656:Paine
5523:ASTRE
5518:OHMIC
5513:Arcus
5444:GUSTO
5438:XRISM
5424:NICER
5412:TWINS
5401:CINDI
5328:PUNCH
5132:MIDEX
4822:S-45A
4787:S-46A
4619:2024
4613:rover
4605:rover
4584:2023
4558:2022
4548:2020
4542:2020s
4531:rover
4507:rover
4496:MarCO
4492:2019
4470:2018
4453:2017
4437:rover
4417:2016
4393:2015
4375:LADEE
4371:2014
4359:2013
4353:GRAIL
4349:2012
4337:2011
4331:rover
4314:2010
4308:2010s
4271:2009
4259:2008
4247:2006
4235:2005
4223:2004
4197:2003
4180:2001
4174:2000s
4066:Juice
4044:Venus
4005:rover
3985:rover
3969:MAVEN
3881:rover
3677:VIPER
3470:BOLAS
3455:ALINA
3080:LunIR
2818:LEV-2
2813:LEV-1
2567:PFS-2
2562:PFS-1
2492:LADEE
2487:Hiten
2482:GRAIL
1868:S2CID
1792:(PDF)
1645:S2CID
1169:ELFIN
920:
913:Earth
906:
461:Earth
451:Titan
441:near
217:watts
212:Power
68:Names
7989:Dawn
7974:YES2
7964:Ouna
7860:July
7802:June
7713:MAST
7693:CP-4
7689:CP-3
7486:2007
7287:Wind
6565:PACE
6508:WISE
6471:Juno
6311:Dawn
6255:WMAP
6195:COBE
6183:Past
6014:Past
5892:X-15
5885:Past
5698:CAIB
5668:Ride
5638:NACA
5608:NASA
5471:CASE
5464:EZIE
5431:GOLD
5353:UNEX
5342:COSI
5314:GEMS
5242:SMEX
5231:UVEX
5217:MUSE
5168:FAME
4827:S-55
4807:S-45
4797:S-56
4641:IM-1
4636:SLIM
4480:Dawn
4435:Yutu
4107:Lucy
4052:Juno
3934:Mars
3846:Moon
3672:XL-1
3402:CU-E
3335:CLEP
3268:IM-2
3254:CLPS
3125:Wind
3120:WMAP
3115:TESS
2798:Yutu
2742:IM-1
2337:Past
2292:SLIM
2179:Zond
2169:Luna
2067:CLPS
2034:Moon
1920:ISSN
1820:2022
1762:2011
1699:2010
1672:2009
1637:PMID
1582:2009
1559:2009
1532:2009
1505:2009
1478:2009
1431:2009
1409:2009
1376:2019
1338:2011
1297:2021
1262:2021
1240:2022
1163:WIND
927:Moon
626:The
622:FAST
471:for
465:Moon
427:NASA
106:NASA
7741:May
7732:AIM
7722:AAM
7260:MMS
6518:MMS
5939:Mir
5450:AWE
4772:S-1
4501:MER
4325:MER
3979:MSL
3974:MRO
3950:TGO
3824:Sun
3595:LEO
3035:ICE
1953:by
1910:doi
1898:116
1858:doi
1627:doi
1615:321
996:in
597:UTC
590:UTC
560:in
408:AIM
242:UTC
215:37
185:Bus
125:no.
8214::
8183:,
8179:,
8165:,
8115:,
8096:,
8076:,
8072:,
8041:,
8037:,
8033:,
8007:,
7972:,
7962:,
7921:,
7911:,
7786:,
7782:,
7778:,
7769:,
7750:,
7720:,
7711:,
7707:,
7703:,
7699:,
7695:,
7691:,
7687:,
7683:,
7679:,
7675:,
7671:,
7667:,
7663:,
7621:,
7612:,
7608:,
7604:,
7600:,
7596:,
7576:,
7567:,
7563:,
7559:,
7555:,
7518:,
7514:,
7510:,
5357:MO
4812:10
4600:/
4526:/
4425:/
4099:/
3601:LK
3008:4M
2964:25
2959:18
2954:15
2898:24
2893:20
2882:17
2875:16
2868:15
2861:14
2854:12
2780:17
2773:16
2701:24
2696:23
2691:21
2686:20
2681:17
2676:16
2671:13
2652:×6
2527:22
2522:19
2517:14
2512:12
2507:11
2477:49
2421:10
2389:17
2382:16
2375:15
2368:14
2361:12
1918:.
1908:.
1896:.
1892:.
1866:.
1856:.
1846:36
1844:.
1840:.
1811:.
1800:^
1748:.
1719:.
1707:^
1643:.
1635:.
1625:.
1613:.
1609:.
1449:^
1356:^
1324:.
1280:^
1008:.
564:.
535:,
456:.
265:,
8061:)
8057:(
7966:)
7958:(
7915:)
7907:(
7827:)
7823:(
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6880:"
6653:)
6634:(
5946:)
5928:)
5898:)
5631:)
5627:(
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5361:I
5359:/
5355:/
4792:8
4767:5
4762:4
4757:3
4752:2
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3797:e
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3764:.
3150:8
3145:7
3140:6
3135:5
3060:6
3055:4
3050:3
2979:4
2949:8
2944:7
2908:6
2824:)
2820:(
2793:2
2726:7
2721:6
2716:5
2711:3
2661:6
2630:9
2625:8
2620:7
2615:6
2552:5
2547:4
2542:3
2537:2
2451:5
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2398:)
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421:(
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20:)
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