347:, a relatively mild drug (in its leaf form) that had been used for centuries by the local people. These reservations were incorporated into Bolivian law in 1932. Costa du Rels was provided with many pamphlets on coca to help him defend the Bolivian position at the League of Nations. In 1933 he sought "advice from industrialists and landowners of the Yungas" on new steps to protect coca. The arguments in defense included the economic importance of the crop, its value in health and nutrition, and the fact that its use was a long tradition among Bolivians.
379:, which was being used as a base for Paraguayan troops and as a point of supply for these troops. He justified Bolivia's aerial bombardment of the town on this basis, while denying that Bolivia had attacked agricultural settlements. He represented to the League that the territory had belonged to Bolivia since 1810, but that Paraguay had been surreptitiously occupying the region, taking advantage of her favorable geographical position. He called for arbitration to establish the boundaries.
1991:
343:, and in 1930 was vice-president of the 11th Assembly of the league. He was appointed a member of the Standing Committee of Arts and Letters in 1931. In January 1927 the Bolivian government adhered to the Geneva Convention's protocol on the trafficking of opium and other harmful drugs, with reservations concerning
330:
Costa du Rels entered the diplomatic service in 1917 and was attached to the
Bolivian embassy in France. He was then appointed Bolivian chargé d'affaires in Chile. He was elected a deputy in the Bolivian government for a period, then became a counsellor to the Bolivian embassy in France. In 1928 he
412:
for discussions on disposing of the assets of the League of
Nations, of which he was still technically President. Costa du Rels was Minister of Foreign Affairs and Public Worship in Bolivia in 1948. In that position he attempted without success to obtain support from the United States for raising
317:
Costa du Rels returned to
Bolivia in 1912. Oil had been discovered in the Bolivian Oriente, and prospecting and speculation were at their height. A member of the Sucre elite, he obtained grants to explore petroleum in the region and spent several years in the effort, becoming one of the richest
382:
The war continued with heavy loss of life on both sides for two years. In the end, when a cease-fire was negotiated between the two exhausted countries in June 1935, Paraguay controlled most of the disputed territory. In the 1938 truce, Paraguay was awarded three-quarters of the Chaco Boreal.
363:
territory escalated into armed conflict. In
September of that year the League of Nations set up a three-person committee with delegates from Ireland, Spain ,and Guatemala to investigate the conflict and if necessary prepare for intervention. The committee head,
318:
petroleum operators in the country. In 1914 he became secretary of the
Incauasi Petroleum Syndicate, and by 1916 he owned claims for a combined area of 500,000 hectares (1,200,000 acres). Later he used these experiences to provide background for his novel
400:. In July 1940, Costa du Rels supported the appointment of Seán Lester as Secretary-General of the League, a diplomat with whom he had negotiated during the Gran Chaco conflict. Costa du Rels was Ambassador of Bolivia to Argentina between 1943 and 1944.
413:
the price paid for
Bolivian tin, which had been fixed at a relatively low level but for which there was now a shortage of supply. Between 1948 and 1952 Costa du Rels was Bolivian Ambassador to France. In 1973 he served as Bolivian Ambassador to
297:
in 1891. His father was a French engineer from
Corsica; his mother, Amelia du ReĂs y Medeiros, was Bolivian. The family returned to Corsica when he was eight years old. At the age of ten, he was sent to the Fesch College in
395:
broke out in 1939 and would last until 1945. In 1940 Costa du Rels became
President of the Council of the League of Nations, the last to hold this post. The League was dissolved after World War II and replaced by the
335:
in Havana, where he was rapporteur of the Havana
Convention for the protection of artistic property and copyright, and then was a Bolivian delegate to the International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation.
383:
Ironically, since the war had been fought over suspected oil and gas reserves, it turned out later that there were none in the
Paraguayan sector while the Bolivian quarter was rich in these resources.
33:
2198:
2158:
1283:
2043:
2013:
2272:
2263:
2037:
2178:
2019:
1867:
1835:
197:
143:
2096:
529:
2102:
2090:
2031:
1852:
209:
532:
said of him that although he wrote in French he was essentially a Bolivian writer, and his most characteristic works were devoted to Bolivian issues. In
368:, attempted without success to resolve the positions of two countries' delegates to the League, Costa du Rels and RamĂłn Caballero de Bedoya of Paraguay.
2149:
2384:
2209:
2141:
2113:
2257:
466:
2374:
2379:
1946:
1501:
Estado, regiĂłn y poder local en AmĂ©rica Latina, siglos XIX-XX: Algunas miradas sobre el estado, el poder y la participaciĂłn polĂtica
2314:
2246:
371:
In June 1933 Costa du Rels wrote to the Secretary General of the League of Nations pointing out the great military importance of
528:, and was a member of the academies of History of Argentina and Bolivia. He was a member of the Bolivian Academy of Literature.
2399:
1762:
1734:
1706:
1678:
1627:
1599:
1571:
1537:
1509:
1419:
1371:
1343:
1726:
Viajes a través de mi árbol genealógico: Reminiscencias del alma al viajar por el siglo XX y comienzos del XXI (1946-2003)
487:
mouth, word, language) explored indigenous Bolivian themes. This story appeared in the French-language 1928 collection
285:. He was the author of many plays, novels, and other writings, mostly in French, and received several literary awards.
314:
Costa du Rels described the "linguistic trauma" that resulted from being a native Spanish-speaker educated in French.
1473:
437:
Costa du Rels wrote in both French and Spanish and wrote poetry, plays, novels, short stories ,and essays. His play
520:
Costa du Rels was given many awards, including the National Prize for Literature in 1976 and the Grand Cross of the
2054:
521:
2283:
409:
2364:
533:
2073:
1939:
303:
418:
391:
Costa du Rels was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Switzerland and the Vatican between 1937 and 1943.
307:
2369:
1999:
1842:
1645:
1253:
162:
449:
in 1972, an award given to the best dramatists in the Latin world. Among his other well-known plays are
2359:
1955:
774:
752:
681:
505:
1411:
La langue plurielle: Le bilinguisme franco-espagnol dans la littérature hispano-américaine (1890-1950)
1971:
537:
1932:
1924:
2007:
1979:
1210:
74:
66:
1437:
1363:
The Truman Administration and Bolivia: Making the World Safe for Liberal Constitutional Oligarchy
332:
1563:
1752:
1724:
1589:
1527:
1499:
1461:
2291:
1696:
1617:
1409:
1361:
1333:
1307:
2394:
2389:
1959:
1212:
Diccionario Bilingüe: Iskay simipi yuyayk’anch: Quechua – Castellano / Castellano – Quechua
123:
8:
2081:
1670:
127:
1887:
155:
1556:
768:
746:
675:
1758:
1730:
1702:
1674:
1623:
1595:
1567:
1533:
1505:
1479:
1469:
1415:
1367:
1339:
499:, which tells of prospecting in the Andes, were freely combined with his 1973 novel
477:
422:
340:
282:
70:
525:
446:
339:
Costa du Rels was appointed Bolivian delegate to the Geneva-based Assembly of the
1962:
1663:
185:
417:. For much of his life, Costa du Rels made his home in Paris. According to the
397:
376:
32:
365:
131:
2353:
1779:
1483:
1460:
Institut pluridisciplinaire d'Ă©tude sur l'Amerique latine (Toulouse) (1992).
567:(Grand prize for international poetry from the society of French poets, 1949)
372:
1801:"Sean Lester, Ireland and Latin America in the League of Nations, 1929-1946"
1388:
1800:
510:
392:
1106:
956:
514:
281:
writer and diplomat who became the last President of the Council of the
540:
by the chairman of Bolivian P.E.N.-Centre, Humberto Palza (1900–1975).
360:
1877:
802:
Problèmes d'une paix: Documents diplomatiques sur le conflit du Chaco
763:(in Spanish). trans. by Nicolás Fernández Naranjo. 1967. p. 219.
356:
102:
1954:
1166:
1558:
Economic Change and Rural Resistance in Southern Bolivia, 1880-1930
469:
in Paris in 1954. It described his farewell to Paris in May 1940.
1222:
741:. trans. by Stuart Edgar Grummon. A. A. Knopf. 1945. p. 203.
299:
278:
241:
1905:
1698:
The Chaco War 1932-35: South America's Greatest Modern Conflict
426:
425:, "No foreigner is more French than me." Costa du Rels died in
414:
257:
45:
1778:
1112:
1588:
LĂ©ons, Madeline Barbara; Sanabria, Harry (1 September 1997).
806:
Problems of Peace: Diplomatic documents on the Chaco conflict
294:
237:
1723:
QuirĂłs, Yves de la Goublaye de MĂ©norval y RodrĂguez (2004).
1459:
1325:
Adolfo Costa du Rels, el hombre, el diplomático, el escritor
1178:
992:
962:
733:] (in Spanish). Club del libro A.L.A. 1940. p. 221.
445:, was performed in La Paz in 1968. The play was awarded the
968:
408:
On 10 January 1946 Costa du Rels attended a meeting of the
344:
1462:"Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brésilien: caravelle"
1009:
1007:
980:
1661:
Mutic, Anja; Armstrong, Kate; Smith, Paul (1 May 2010).
1619:
Enciclopedia Gesta de autores de la literatura boliviana
1096:
1094:
421:, Costa du Rels had the right to say of himself, as had
1004:
1118:
946:
944:
931:
929:
927:
1208:
1130:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1019:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
717:"Terres embrasées: roman" [Bewitched lands].
1190:
1660:
1331:
1234:
1228:
1172:
1154:
1142:
941:
924:
912:
860:
1662:
1555:
891:
848:
441:was staged in Paris in 1956. The Spanish version,
2351:
1282:
1184:
432:
1754:Documents on the International Court of Justice
881:
879:
877:
875:
808:] (in French). J. Guerry. 1933. p. 76.
1504:(in Spanish). Edicions Universitat Barcelona.
1940:
1587:
1466:Cahiers du Monde Hispanique et Luso-Brésilien
1332:Cortés, Eladio; Barrea-Marlys, Mirta (2003).
1327:(in Spanish). Editorial Los Amigos del Libro.
998:
974:
495:. This story and another from the same book,
306:, and then studied literature and law at the
1438:""ROMANS" Y NOVELAS DE ADOLFO COSTA DU RELS"
872:
1529:Andean Cocaine: The Making of a Global Drug
1254:"Nomination Archive - Adolfo Costa du Rels"
1218:. La Paz, Bolivia: futatraw.ourproject.org.
1947:
1933:
1525:
986:
721:(in French) (233–235). Paris France. 1931.
649:The king's standards: a play in three acts
637:Les étendards du roi: pièce en trois actes
31:
2385:Permanent delegates of Bolivia to UNESCO
1805:Irish Migration Studies in Latin America
310:. Writing in Spanish, in his 1941 essay
1843:Minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship
1750:
1695:Quesada, Alejandro (22 November 2011).
1694:
1643:
1591:Coca, Cocaine, and the Bolivian Reality
1305:
1240:
1124:
1085:
1073:
1061:
906:
524:. He was made an officer of the French
58:12 July 1949 – 14 October 1954
2352:
1798:
1722:
1615:
1553:
1497:
1468:(in French). Presses Univ. du Mirail.
1335:Encyclopedia of Latin American Theater
1100:
1049:
1037:
1025:
1013:
950:
935:
1928:
1562:. Stanford University Press. p.
1554:Langer, Erick Detlef (1 April 1989).
1407:
1322:
1196:
1160:
1148:
918:
866:
277:) (19 June 1891 – 26 May 1980) was a
177:1 March 1948 – 9 August 1948
1435:
1359:
1136:
854:
670:] (in Spanish). Co-author. 1921.
357:dispute between Bolivia and Paraguay
2375:Ambassadors of Bolivia to Argentina
1360:Dorn, Glenn J. (31 December 2011).
302:, Corsica. Later he studied at the
13:
1306:Caillot, Marie (18 October 2011).
1113:U.N.O. Council Difficult Task 1946
503:to form the basis for a 2007 film
491:, published in 1948 in Spanish as
453:, staged in 1944 in Buenos Aires,
14:
2411:
1820:
1387:
1323:Calvo, Roberto Querejazu (1982).
1229:Mutic, Armstrong & Smith 2010
885:
818:The drama of the bilingual writer
331:was the Bolivian delegate to the
293:Adolfo Costa du Rels was born in
2380:Ambassadors of Bolivia to France
2334:Eduardo Guzmán Villa (1948–1949)
1989:
1644:Montoya, Victor (14 June 2007).
1532:. Univ of North Carolina Press.
963:Institut pluridisciplinaire 1992
522:Order of the Condor of the Andes
2199:Guillermo GutiĂ©rrez Vea MurguĂa
2195:Constantino Carrión (1948–1949)
2164:Ernesto Monasterios (1948–1949)
1780:"U.N.O. Council Difficult Task"
1729:(in Spanish). Plural editores.
1622:(in Spanish). Plural editores.
1246:
1202:
1173:Cortés & Barrea-Marlys 2003
787:The Andes do not believe in God
543:
410:United Nations General Assembly
386:
312:El drama del escritor bilingĂĽe
2235:Fernando Loayza Beltrán (1949)
2232:Julio Tellez Reyes (1948–1949)
2159:Arturo Gutiérrez Tezanos-Pinto
2155:Raul Laguna Lozada (1947–1948)
1799:Wehrli, Yannick (March 2009).
1338:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1209:Teofilo Laime Ajacopa (2007).
814:El drama del escritor bilingĂĽe
651:. S. French. 1958. p. 72.
643:] (in French). Plon. 1956.
288:
1:
2340:Miguel Mercado Moreira (1949)
2337:Gilfredo Cortés Candia (1949)
2303:Antonio Rico Toro (1948–1949)
2133:HĂ©ctor Ormachea Zalles (1949)
2065:Alfredo Mollinedo (1947–1949)
1616:Mamani, ElĂas Blanco (2005).
1498:Jordán, Pilar GarcĂa (2007).
1408:Eymar, Marcos (1 July 2011).
837:
433:Literary Work and Recognition
304:University of Aix-en-Provence
2400:Foreign ministers of Bolivia
2300:VĂctor Cabrera Lozada (1948)
2297:Alberto Salinas LĂłpez (1948)
2254:Carlos Morales Ugarte (1947)
2217:Carlos Morales Ugarte (1947)
2127:José Romero Loza (1948–1949)
2124:Carlos Guachalla (1947–1948)
2087:Eduardo Montes Montes (1947)
1646:"Los Andes no creen en Dios"
472:Some of his stories such as
419:Duchesse de la Rochefoucauld
350:
308:University of Paris-Sorbonne
7:
2331:Germán Zegarra Caero (1948)
2322:José Saavedra Suárez (1947)
2189:Gustavo Henrich (1947–1948)
2170:Germán Zegarra Caero (1949)
2167:Alberto Sarti Peláez (1949)
2000:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1784:The Courier-Mail (Brisbane)
536:, he was nominated for the
501:Los Andes no Creen en Dios
403:
325:
163:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
2416:
2328:Eduardo TardĂo (1947–1948)
2229:Julio Céspedes Añez (1948)
2226:Ernesto Monasterios (1948)
2223:Daniel Gamarra (1947–1948)
1987:
1414:(in French). L'Harmattan.
783:Los Andes no creen en Dios
693:(869). Paris France. 1938.
506:Los Andes no creen en Dios
2313:
2306:José Chávez Suárez (1949)
2282:
2245:
2238:GastĂłn Arauz EguĂa (1949)
2220:Alfredo Mendizábal (1947)
2208:
2177:
2140:
2112:
2072:
2053:
1998:
1970:
1915:Adrián Barrenechea Torrés
1912:
1900:
1894:
1884:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1849:
1840:
1832:
1827:
1751:Rosenne, Shabtai (1979).
1669:. Lonely Planet. p.
1526:Gootenberg, Paul (2008).
999:LĂ©ons & Sanabria 1997
975:LĂ©ons & Sanabria 1997
832:] (in Spanish). 1954.
820:] (in Spanish). 1941.
789:] (in Spanish). 1973.
705:] (in Spanish). 1948.
619:] (in Spanish). 1940.
595:] (in Spanish). 1919.
538:Nobel Prize in Literature
463:Los cruzados de alta mar
264:
247:
224:
219:
215:
203:
191:
181:
170:
161:
149:
137:
119:
108:
101:Ambassador of Bolivia to
100:
96:Adrián Barrenechea Torrés
90:
80:
62:
51:
44:Ambassador of Bolivia to
43:
39:
30:
23:
2325:Osvaldo Gutiérrez (1947)
2269:AgustĂn Benavides (1949)
2192:Luis Ponce Lozada (1948)
2179:Minister of Public Works
2062:Luis Ponce Lozada (1947)
826:Los cruzados de alta mar
631:] (in French). 1944.
607:] (in French). 1928.
355:In July 1932 an ongoing
2315:Minister of Agriculture
2044:Luis Fernando Guachalla
2014:Luis Fernando Guachalla
1436:Gold, Peter J. (1974).
1308:"Costa du Rels, Adolfo"
443:Los estandartes del rey
333:Pan-American Conference
2186:Aniceto Quezada (1947)
2055:Minister of Government
1389:"Adolfo Costa du Rels"
1284:"Adolfo Costa du Rels"
773:: CS1 maint: others (
751:: CS1 maint: others (
691:La Petite Illustration
689:"Lagune H. 3: récit".
680:: CS1 maint: others (
559:The heart-broken smile
451:Les Forces du Silence
2365:Bolivian male writers
2292:Armando Alba Zambrana
2284:Minister of Education
2130:Vicente Leyton (1949)
2121:Alcides Molina (1947)
2008:Mamerto UrriolagoitĂa
1980:Mamerto UrriolagoitĂa
1902:Ambassador of Bolivia
1874:Ambassador of Bolivia
1701:. Osprey Publishing.
664:El traje del arlequĂn
629:The forces of silence
625:Les forces du silence
439:Les Ă©tendards du roi
75:VĂctor Paz Estenssoro
67:Mamerto UrriolagoitĂa
2273:Juan Manuel Balcázar
2264:Juan Manuel Balcázar
2097:Gustavo Carlos Otero
2038:Juan Manuel Balcázar
2026:Adolfo Costa du Rels
1366:. Penn State Press.
1185:Adolfo Costa du Rels
668:The harlequin's suit
641:The king's standards
530:Guillermo Francovich
275:Adolfo Costa du ReĂs
271:Adolfo Costa du Rels
124:Gualberto Villarroel
25:Adolfo Costa du Rels
2142:Minister of Economy
2114:Minister of Finance
2103:Waldo Belmonte Pool
2074:Minister of Defense
1897:Jorge Ortiz Linares
1310:(in French). UNESCO
719:Petite Illustration
613:Las fuerzas del mal
489:La hantise de l'or
455:El signo del fuego
86:Jorge Ortiz Linares
2370:Bolivian diplomats
2247:Minister of Health
2091:Pedro Zilveti Arce
2032:Javier Paz Campero
1853:Javier Paz Campero
1828:Political offices
830:Deep sea crossings
727:Tierras hechizadas
699:El embrujo del oro
617:The forces of evil
601:La hantise de l'or
589:Hacia el atardecer
493:El embrujo del oro
461:(1963). His essay
320:Tierra hechizadas
210:Javier Paz Campero
2360:People from Sucre
2347:
2346:
2020:Tomás Manuel ElĂo
1920:
1919:
1913:Succeeded by
1885:Succeeded by
1868:Tomás Manuel ElĂo
1860:Diplomatic posts
1850:Succeeded by
1836:Tomás Manuel ElĂo
1764:978-90-286-0379-0
1736:978-99905-75-55-2
1708:978-1-84908-901-2
1680:978-1-74104-998-5
1629:978-99905-63-62-7
1601:978-0-7914-3481-9
1573:978-0-8047-1491-4
1539:978-0-8078-3229-5
1511:978-84-475-3197-4
1421:978-2-296-54951-7
1373:978-0-271-05015-7
1345:978-0-313-29041-1
1175:, pp. 48–49.
1016:, pp. 39–44.
703:The spell of gold
605:The spell of gold
577:) (Spanish, 1988)
497:Plata del Diablo
459:El quinto jinete
423:Joseph de Maistre
341:League of Nations
283:League of Nations
268:
267:
198:Tomás Manuel ElĂo
144:Tomás Manuel ElĂo
16:Bolivian diplomat
2407:
2210:Minister of Work
1993:
1992:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1910:1949–1954
1895:Preceded by
1888:Gabriel Gosálvez
1882:1943–1947
1865:Preceded by
1833:Preceded by
1825:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1786:. 4 January 1946
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1139:, p. 85-86.
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652:
644:
632:
620:
608:
596:
561:) (French, 1922)
555:Le sourire návre
526:Legion of Honour
447:Gulbenkian Prize
375:, a port on the
254:
234:
232:
220:Personal details
206:
194:
175:
156:Gabriel Gosálvez
152:
140:
113:
93:
83:
56:
35:
21:
20:
2415:
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2049:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1966:
1963:Enrique Hertzog
1953:
1922:
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1648:(in Spanish)
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1395:(in Spanish)
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1334:
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1295:. Retrieved
1293:(in Spanish)
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1260:. March 2024
1257:
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253:(1980-05-26)
235:19 June 1891
205:Succeeded by
172:
151:Succeeded by
110:
92:Succeeded by
53:
18:
2395:1980 deaths
2390:1891 births
2294:(1947–1948)
2266:(1948–1949)
2260:(1947–1948)
2099:(1948–1949)
2093:(1947–1948)
2034:(1948–1949)
2022:(1947–1948)
1982:(1947–1949)
1965:(1947–1949)
1445:AIH Actas V
1101:QuirĂłs 2004
1050:Jordán 2007
1038:Jordán 2007
1026:Jordán 2007
1014:Wehrli 2009
951:Langer 1989
936:Mamani 2005
565:Amaritudine
515:Carla Ortiz
366:Seán Lester
289:Early years
251:26 May 1980
193:Preceded by
165:and Worship
139:Preceded by
132:Tomás Monje
82:Preceded by
2354:Categories
1197:Calvo 1982
1161:Eymar 2011
1149:Eymar 2011
919:Eymar 2011
867:Eymar 2011
838:References
361:Gran Chaco
231:1891-06-19
1960:President
1878:Argentina
1757:. BRILL.
1484:0008-0152
1137:Dorn 2011
855:Gold 1974
843:Citations
769:cite book
747:cite book
676:cite book
509:starring
429:in 1980.
359:over the
351:Chaco war
260:, Bolivia
182:President
173:In office
120:President
115:1943–1947
111:In office
103:Argentina
63:President
54:In office
1264:14 March
465:won the
404:Post-war
326:Diplomat
279:Bolivian
1956:Cabinet
1665:Bolivia
1276:Sources
657:Stories
582:Theater
478:Quechua
300:Ajaccio
242:Bolivia
2275:(1949)
2201:(1949)
2161:(1948)
2152:(1947)
2105:(1949)
2084:(1947)
2046:(1949)
2040:(1949)
2028:(1948)
2016:(1947)
2010:(1947)
1906:France
1810:7 July
1790:8 July
1770:8 July
1761:
1742:7 July
1733:
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1379:8 July
1370:
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1342:
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1297:8 July
795:Essays
711:Novels
571:Poemas
549:Poetry
481:misk'i
427:La Paz
415:UNESCO
258:La Paz
46:France
1847:1948
1441:(PDF)
1393:epdlp
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1216:(PDF)
886:epdlp
828:[
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575:Poems
295:Sucre
238:Sucre
1812:2012
1792:2012
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1759:ISBN
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1688:2012
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1534:ISBN
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1506:ISBN
1491:2012
1480:ISSN
1470:ISBN
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1429:2012
1416:ISBN
1401:2012
1381:2012
1368:ISBN
1353:2012
1340:ISBN
1316:2012
1299:2012
1266:2024
775:link
753:link
682:link
534:1973
513:and
485:simi
345:coca
273:(or
248:Died
225:Born
1958:of
1904:to
1876:to
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