128:, a Danish landscape architect, who noticed that children preferred to play everywhere but in the playgrounds that he designed. In 1931, inspired by the sight of children playing in a construction site, he imagined "A junk playground in which children could create and shape, dream and imagine a reality". His aim was to provide children living in cities the same opportunities for play that were enjoyed by children living in rural areas. The first adventure playground was set up by a Workers Cooperative Housing Association in
1306:
91:. Early examples of adventure playgrounds in the UK were known as "junk playgrounds", "waste material playgrounds", or "bomb-site adventure playgrounds". The term "adventure playground" was first adopted in the United Kingdom to describe waste material playgrounds "in an effort to make the âjunkâ playground concept more palatable to local authorities".
46:(or "wardens"), and the absence of adult-manufactured or rigid play-structures. Adventure playgrounds are frequently defined in contrast to playing fields, contemporary-design playgrounds made by adult architects, and traditional-equipment play areas containing adult-made rigid play-structures like swings, slides, seesaws, and climbing bars.
173:
and published in the
Picture Post in 1946. Marjory Allen's article is often credited with the introduction into the UK of "the idea of transforming bomb sites into 'junk playgrounds', but historians of the Adventure playground movement have pointed to the role played by other experiments carried out
62:
An
Adventure Playground is an area fenced off and set aside for children. Within its boundaries children can play freely, in their own way, in their own time. But what is special about an Adventure Playground is that here (and increasingly in contemporary urban society, only here) children can build
178:
in the UK. For example, "Marie Paneth, an art therapist heavily influenced by Freud, independently developed the concept of permissive play as a tool for ameliorating childhood aggression in her work running a blitz-era play centre in London although not specifically incorporating the elements of a
98:
numbered among the advantages of the adventure playground, "the relationship between experiment and play, community involvement, the catalytic value of play leaders, and indeed the whole concept of a free society in miniature.'" Essential in this for
Nicholson was the concept of 'loose parts': "In
144:
to Nazi occupation and parents' fears that "their children's play might be mistaken for acts of sabotage by soldiers". Play advocates sometimes emphasize the importance of adventure playgrounds for children of color in the United States, where policing "can feel like a kind of occupation".
1055:"Play is a process that is freely chosen, personally directed and intrinsically motivated. That is, children and young people determine and control the content and intent of their play, by following their own instincts, ideas and interests, in their own way for their own reasons."
623:(Junk-playground). From the first site in Emdrup, the idea spread across the country and at the height of the popularity in the 1960s, there were about 100 adventure playgrounds in the country. Present active adventure playgrounds in Denmark includes:
99:
any environment, both the degree of inventiveness and creativity, and the possibility of discovery, are directly proportional to the number and kind of variables in it." In a playground context loose parts would include:
187:
To date, there are approximately 1,000 adventure playgrounds in Europe, most of them in
England, Denmark, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland. Japan also has a significant number of adventure playgrounds.
2374:
1151:
Hayward, Geoffrey D.; Rothenberg, Marilyn; Beasley, Robert (1974). "Children's Play and Urban
Playground Environments: A Comparison of Traditional, Contemporary, and Adventure Playground Types".
2051:
2378:
38:
for children. Adventure playgrounds can take many forms, ranging from "natural playgrounds" to "junk playgrounds", and are typically defined by an ethos of unrestricted
1985:
2095:
2052:
https://www.salisbury.sa.gov.au/activities/community-facilities-and-parks/parks-and-facilities/st-kilda-adventure-playground#history-of-the-st-kilda-playground
169:, an English landscape architect and child welfare advocate, visited and subsequently wrote a widely-read article about the Emdrup Adventure playground titled
1261:
2062:
1512:
2029:
2018:
1875:
2611:
1864:
1798:
2150:
215:
Toronto
Ontario hosted an Adventure Playground from 1974 until the mid-1980s. It was a part of the revitalization of the waterfront called
2578:
1640:
1207:
1831:
1125:
1665:
2084:
1399:
275:
2606:
857:
1986:
https://www.mustdobrisbane.com/kids-whats-on-kids-indoors-rock-climbing-play-birthday-parties-indoors-games/jungle-adventure-play
1262:"Simon Nicholson and The Theory of Loose Parts â 1 Million Thanks â Creative STAR Learning | I'm a teacher, get me OUTSIDE here!"
149:
Mischievousness and sneaking around were criminalized in Nazi occupied
Copenhagen, Adventure Playgrounds were born as a response.
1340:
2096:
https://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/explore-boroondara/parks-and-reserves/playgrounds-boroondara/hays-paddock-playground-kew-east
905:
1590:
1353:
1316:
1036:
243:
166:
2172:
1842:
1820:
1886:
970:
17:
2073:
2007:
2063:
https://www.onkaparingacity.com/Community-facilities-support/Venues-facilities/Parks/Jubilee-Park-Adventure-Playground
1853:
1564:
1809:
1187:
2030:
https://www.berribarmera.sa.gov.au/council-services/infrastructure-services/points-of-interest/monash-adventure-park
1908:
919:
2646:
266:
222:
The City of
Coquitlam in British Columbia created an Adventure Playground in the summer of 2018 as a pilot project.
2019:
https://southaustralia.com/products/fleurieu-peninsula/attraction/port-noarlunga-jubilee-park-adventure-playground
2538:
Constructing the "Natural" Child: The
Materiality of Play, Power and Subversion at Evergreen Adventure Playground
2040:
906:
Constructing the âNaturalâ Child: The
Materiality of Play, Power and Subversion at Evergreen Adventure Playground
797:
750:
473:
238:
232:
881:
2641:
2616:
2301:
2183:
1876:
https://www.visitnsw.com/destinations/country-nsw/riverina/gundagai/attractions/gundagais-adventure-playground
1516:
1930:
804:
414:
1616:
991:
858:
Playing It UpâWith Loose Parts, Playpods, and Adventure Playgrounds, Annapolis, MD: Alliance for Childhood.
573:
341:
247:
1952:
1865:
https://www.nsw.gov.au/visiting-and-exploring-nsw/locations-and-attractions/gundagais-adventure-playground
1799:
https://visitcanberra.com.au/attractions/56b23b83266140594567e451/pod-playground-at-the-national-arboretum
888:
Kotliar I.A. and Sokolova M.V. (2014). "Adventure Playground as an Example of the Child's Right to Play".
2552:
2151:
https://www.mitchellshire.vic.gov.au/residents/leisure-and-recreation/parks-and-playgrounds/hadfield-park
1941:
580:
350:
212:, in Alberta, Canada, piloted a mobile adventure playground in five city parks during the summer of 2016.
1488:"Featured book: Marie Paneth (1944) Branch Street. A sociological study, London: George Allen and Unwin"
882:
Adventure playgrounds and city farms in Europe and what they contribute to sustainable urban development
2194:
407:
141:
2161:
1641:"Coquitlam's Adventure Playground ends this weekend, will it be back next year? Here's what we found"
711:, or AKiB for short, is a federation of adventure playgrounds and children's farms in Berlin, Germany
491:
1832:
https://www.act.gov.au/our-canberra/latest-news/2022/october/new-inclusive-playground-open-in-coombs
1689:
179:
Junk/Adventure playground pointing to her role in the history of UK specific Playwork development."
1897:
2626:
2448:
2085:
https://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/Parks-Gardens-Active-Recreation/Parks-and-Gardens/Riverbend-Park
2426:
2400:
1092:
695:
482:
133:
2106:
1751:
1963:
627:
302:
72:
1342:
Resources for playing : providing loose parts to support children's play : A Toolkit
1006:
430:
175:
942:
2651:
2469:
1725:
1026:
548:
448:
327:
Childrenâs Dream Park ĺˇĺ´ĺ¸ĺăŠă夢ăăźăŻ (or "Yume Park") in Shimosakunobe, Kawasaki Takatsu Ward,
293:
2216:
2205:
8:
2173:
https://www.katanning.wa.gov.au/development/projects-initiatives/all-ages-playground.aspx
1843:
https://www.act.gov.au/our-canberra/latest-news/2024/july/canberras-favourite-playgrounds
1821:
https://www.act.gov.au/our-canberra/latest-news/2024/july/canberras-favourite-playgrounds
1377:
1286:
Nicholson, Simon (October 1971). "How Not To Treat Children: The Theory of Loose Parts".
1031:
328:
216:
1996:
1919:
1887:
https://www.cootamundraherald.com.au/story/6618041/adventure-playground-a-hit-with-kids/
1442:
Highmore, Ben (2013). "Playgrounds and Bombsites: Postwar Britain's Ruined Landscapes".
1168:
521:
439:
399:
253:
2553:"The story of a Bristol adventure playground is being turned into a major new musical"
2279:
2074:
https://www.kingborough.tas.gov.au/recreation-facilities/kingston-park-playground-lp/
2008:
https://www.frasercoast.qld.gov.au/directory-record/36270/pialba-adventure-playground
1349:
1312:
1172:
1082:
The Setagaya Play Park was featured in episode 48 of Arirang's "Going Global" series
1057:
791:
691:
565:
1472:
Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954â1961)
1246:
Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954â1961)
1229:
Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954â1961)
920:
Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954â1961)
125:
1854:
https://www.qprc.nsw.gov.au/News-Media/Bungendoreâs-new-adventure-playground-opened
1451:
1160:
1016:
948:
893:
512:
284:
2128:
1810:
https://www.denmanprospect.com.au/parks-playgrounds/ridgeline-park-denman-prospect
737:
Robi-Spiel AktionenâAn organization of adventure playgrounds in Basel, Switzerland
1909:
https://www.darwin.nt.gov.au/community/community-facilities/jingili-water-gardens
1470:
1244:
1227:
913:
Kinderparadijs (Children's Paradise): Advancing the Adventure Playground Movement
849:
465:
368:
95:
39:
1164:
1011:
897:
280:
153:
2480:
2041:
https://southaustralia.com/products/riverland/attraction/monash-adventure-park
1084:
850:
Risk and Safety in Play: The law and practice for adventure playgrounds (2003)
2635:
2579:"Jack Thorne's Junkyard: how I turned an adventure playground into a musical"
1455:
1426:
912:
824:
594:
1666:"Letting kids be kids, a sneak peek at Coquitlam's new Adventure Playground"
1487:
938:
2184:
https://www.manjimup.wa.gov.au/our-places-and-spaces/manjimup-heritage-park
1538:
808:
297:
2345:
1931:
https://www.logan.qld.gov.au/directory-record/1445/flagstone-regional-park
818:
815:. London's oldest adventure playground still located on its original site.
358:
Ridgeline Park Playground.Denman Prospect, Australian Capital Territory.
258:
205:, in Calgary, Alberta has a Junkyard Playground open in the summer months.
1777:
1021:
974:
539:
391:
202:
2323:
2253:
270:
1953:
https://www.visitnoosa.com.au/directory/hinterland-adventure-playground
530:
422:
80:
35:
1942:
https://brisbanekids.com.au/hinterland-adventure-playground-at-cooroy/
1308:
Spaces for children : the built environment and child development
664:
651:
2514:
2228:
996:
2195:
https://manjimupheritagepark.com.au/attraction/adventure-playground/
1701:
787:
2621:
2162:
https://jeavons.net.au/project/community-bank-adventure-playground/
1126:"Playworkers, Ph.Ds, and the Growing Adventure Playground Movement"
1001:
644:
498:
382:
321:
43:
933:
978:
908:. M.A. thesis, University of London. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
781:
774:
767:
760:
678:
209:
112:
bark which can be both safe playground surfacing and a loose part
63:
and shape the environment according to their own creative vision.
1974:
1898:
https://www.cgrc.nsw.gov.au/2023/03/01/jubilee-park-takes-shape/
812:
671:
634:
557:
457:
137:
129:
84:
79:, Denmark, in 1943. In 1948, an adventure playground opened in
76:
958:
952:
887:
754:
320:
The Setagaya Play Park or "Junk Playground" in Hanegi Park in
2254:"Børnenes Kulturkanon [The Children's Culture Canon]"
2107:
https://yoursay.boroondara.vic.gov.au/hays-paddock-playground
598:
587:
363:
Ruth Park Playground. Coombs, Australian Capital Territory.
1964:
https://www.noosa.qld.gov.au/hinterland-adventure-playground
1400:"When Play Is Criminalized: Racial Disparities in Childhood"
276:
Adventure Playground at The Parish School in Houston, Texas
2612:
Inside a European Adventure Playground, The Atlantic, 2014
2404:
2139:
2117:
1565:"City wraps ups Calgary mobile adventure playground pilot"
865:
1617:"That time when Toronto had the greatest playground ever"
1305:
Weinstein, C. S.; David, T. G., eds. (11 November 2013).
977:
about Lockleaze Adventure playground (or âThe Vench') in
866:
Playborhood: Turn Your Neighborhood Into a Place for Play
2470:
https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/ai-pioppi-playground
1780:. Kawasaki City Children's Dream Park (ĺˇĺ´ĺ¸ĺăŠă夢ăăźăŻ). 2008
1150:
615:
Denmark has several adventure playgrounds, now known as
2217:
https://www.natureplaywa.org.au/top-nature-playgrounds/
2206:
https://www.natureplaywa.org.au/top-nature-playgrounds/
1758:. Japan adventure playground creation association. 2003
915:, a student's thesis (Hampshire College, Massachusetts)
2492:
124:
The first junk playgrounds were based on the ideas of
2622:
Play Wales, the national charity for children's play.
2493:"Abenteuerspielplätze und KinderbauernhÜfe in Berlin"
1997:
https://widebaykids.com.au/hervey-bay-adventure-park/
1920:
https://brisbanekids.com.au/flagstone-adventure-park/
235:(The first adventure playground in the United States)
106:
building materials and tools â planks, nails, hammers
103:
natural resources â such as straw, mud and pine cones
556:
Community BankÂŽ Adventure Playground Hadfield Park.
709:
Abenteuerspielplätze und KinderbauernhÜfe in Berlin
1195:. London, UK: National Playing Fields Association.
109:scrap materials â old tyres, off-cuts of guttering
58:(1984), defines an adventure playground this way:
2377:(in Danish). Rødovre Municipality. Archived from
2633:
2302:"BondegĂĽrden og Byggelegepladsen i Remiseparken"
182:
2129:https://www.warrnambool.vic.gov.au/lake-pertobe
429:Flagstone Adventure Playground and Skate Park.
290:SCV Adventure Play Foundation in Val Verde, CA.
2535:
1424:
1304:
1732:. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Weekender. May 20, 2010
1085:"Going Global _ Japan "adventure playground""
890:Psychological Science and Education Psyedu.ru
579:Manjimup Heritage Park Adventure Playground.
376:Bungendore Park. Bungendore, New South Wales.
83:, England. The term "junk playground" is a
547:The Venny, Kensington Adventure Playground.
505:Kingston Park Playground. Hobart, Tasmania.
239:Adventure Playground in Berkeley, California
115:and, most essentially, random found objects.
2481:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCQEc736GO4
1536:
640:Remiseparken, on Amager next to Bredegrund.
2627:Adventure Playground: A Parable of Anarchy
1338:
1064:. Playwork Principles Scrutiny Group. 2005
2607:The Overprotected Kid, The Atlantic, 2014
1285:
1259:
353:. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
2260:(in Danish). Ministry of Culture Denmark
1441:
1249:(M.A.). University of Leeds. p. 21.
959:Alliance for Childhood â play:ground NYC
2550:
2229:"Adventure Playgrounds Copenhagen 2003"
1563:Nerman, Danielle (September 20, 2016).
1393:
1391:
390:The Adventure Playground Jubilee Park.
305:, also in Central Park in New York City
14:
2634:
2576:
1562:
1513:"The Play and Playground Encyclopedia"
1468:
1431:. New York, New York: @play_groundnyc.
1398:Eisa, Nefertari Ulen (July 25, 2016).
1375:
1242:
1225:
1205:
1189:Adventure Playgrounds: an introduction
955:includes a "junk playground" sequence.
945:includes a "junk playground" sequence.
619:(Building-playground) and formerly as
509:Riverbend Park. Launceston, Tasmania.
56:Adventure Playgrounds: An Introduction
2617:Where the wild things play, NPR, 2014
2551:Banyard, Natalie (January 18, 2017).
2369:
2367:
1485:
1279:
1260:Robertson, Juliet (8 December 2017).
1185:
953:The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces
788:The Playground aka Adventure Play Hub
244:Huntington Beach Adventure Playground
171:Why Not Use Our Bomb Sites Like This?
2375:"Byggelegepladser i Rødovre Kommune"
2326:(in Danish). Copenhagen Municipality
2304:(in Danish). Copenhagen Municipality
2282:(in Danish). Copenhagen Municipality
1397:
1388:
1124:Tao, Tao Holmes (November 6, 2015).
922:. M.A. thesis, University of Leeds.
660:Byggelegepladsen Rønneholm, Rødovre.
657:Byggelegepladsen Broparken, Rødovre.
381:Carberry Park Adventure Playground.
271:Ithaca Children's Garden, Ithaca, NY
1382:adventureplaygrounds.hampshire.edu/
1123:
964:
727:KlostergĂĽrdens bygglekplats in Lund
538:Lake Pertobe Adventure Playground.
472:Jubilee Park Adventure Playground.
24:
2364:
1378:"History of Adventure Playgrounds"
724:Borgarparkens bygglekplats in Lund
406:Jingili Water Gardens Playground,
25:
2663:
2600:
2577:Thorne, Jack (February 6, 2017).
943:Come Out To Play Reel 2 1950â1959
773:Felix Road Adventure Playground,
755:The Big Swing (Bradford, England)
456:Hervey Bay Adventure Playground.
438:Hinterland Adventure Playground.
161:
904:Leichter-Saxby, Morgan (2007)
780:St Paul's Adventure Playground,
766:Lockleaze Adventure Playground,
759:Evergreen Adventure Playground,
267:The Hands-on-Nature Anarchy Zone
2570:
2544:
2536:Leichter-Saxby, Morgan (2007).
2529:
2507:
2485:
2474:
2463:
2441:
2419:
2393:
2338:
2316:
2294:
2272:
2246:
2221:
2210:
2199:
2188:
2177:
2166:
2155:
2144:
2133:
2122:
2111:
2100:
2089:
2078:
2067:
2056:
2045:
2034:
2023:
2012:
2001:
1990:
1979:
1968:
1957:
1946:
1935:
1924:
1913:
1902:
1891:
1880:
1869:
1858:
1847:
1836:
1825:
1814:
1803:
1792:
1770:
1744:
1718:
1694:
1683:
1658:
1633:
1609:
1583:
1556:
1530:
1505:
1479:
1462:
1435:
1418:
1369:
1332:
1298:
1095:from the original on 2021-12-19
1076:
839:"Parkpolitik i Sogn og Købstad"
798:The Land (Adventure playground)
751:Eccleshill Adventure Playground
529:KidsTown Adventure Playground.
490:St Kilda Adventure Playground.
259:Sacramento Adventure Playground
191:
1469:Wilson, Reilly Bergin (2014).
1425:Play:groundNYC (May 5, 2017).
1253:
1243:Wilson, Reilly Bergin (2014).
1236:
1226:Wilson, Reilly Bergin (2014).
1219:
1199:
1179:
1144:
1117:
1049:
134:German occupation of the 1940s
13:
1:
1975:https://thejungletribe.com.au
1591:"Mobile Adventure Playground"
1311:. Plenum Press. p. 205.
1111:
918:Wilson, Reilly Bergin (2014)
831:
805:Triangle Adventure Playground
633:Bredegrund Byggelegeplads on
628:Skrammellegepladsen in Emdrup
183:List of adventure playgrounds
71:playground of this type, the
27:Type of children's playground
1537:Telus Spark (May 23, 2019).
1475:(M.A.). University of Leeds.
1232:(M.A.). University of Leeds.
819:Meriden Adventure Playground
721:St Hans bygglekplats in Lund
342:Australian Capital Territory
335:
248:Huntington Beach, California
7:
2540:(MA). University of London.
2403:(in Danish). Archived from
2324:"Byggelegepladsen Regnbuen"
2280:"Bredegrund Byggelegeplads"
1597:. The City of Calgary. 2016
985:
856:Joan Almon, Editor. (2017)
825:Glamis Adventure Playground
447:The Jungle Adventure Play.
10:
2668:
1266:creativestarlearning.co.uk
1165:10.1177/001391657400600201
898:10.17759/psyedu.2014060207
663:HøjkjÌr Byggelegeplads in
650:Rødovre Byggelegeplads in
119:
49:
2427:"Legepladsen Skolemarken"
1348:. Play Wales. p. 6.
1215:. Alliance for Childhood.
992:Children's street culture
605:
520:Hays Paddock playground,
492:St Kilda, South Australia
261:in Sacramento, California
2451:(in Danish). Børn i byen
2449:"Legepladsen Søndergürd"
2429:(in Danish). Børn i byen
2401:"HøjkjÌr Byggelegeplads"
2346:"Rødovre Byggelegeplads"
1456:10.1215/17432197-2347009
1339:Play Wales (July 2017).
1153:Environment and Behavior
1042:
837:C. Th. Sørensen (1931):
252:Adventure Playground in
2647:Environmental education
2140:https://thevenny.org.au
2118:https://kidstown.org.au
1486:Smith, Mark K. (1996).
926:
892:. 6 (no.2) (2): 81â90.
821:Solihull, West Midlands
696:Nervesa della Battaglia
667:a suburb of Copenhagen.
654:a suburb of Copenhagen.
647:a suburb of Copenhagen.
586:Rio Tinto Naturescape.
481:Monash Adventure Park.
309:
1288:Landscape Architecture
1206:Wilson, Penny (2010).
1037:Lady Allen of Hurtwood
884:, a study from Germany
410:, Northern Territory.
349:POD Playground at the
303:Tarr Family Playground
159:
132:, Denmark, during the
73:Emdrup Junk Playground
65:
34:is a specific type of
2642:Adventure playgrounds
2515:"Robi Spiel Aktionen"
1539:"Junkyard Playground"
1186:Shier, Harry (1984).
1058:"Playwork Principles"
1007:Pop-Up Adventure Play
997:Home zone/Play street
827:Tower Hamlets, London
800:in Wrexham, Wales, UK
583:, Western Australia
576:, Western Australia.
572:All Ages Playground.
485:, South Australia.
431:Flagstone, Queensland
417:, Northern Territory.
413:Adventure Play Park.
147:
136:. The playground at
126:Carl Theodor Sørensen
87:from the Danish term
60:
1702:"scv-adventure-play"
1690:Adventure Playground
1376:Sutton, Lia (2011).
1027:Free-range parenting
911:Sutton, Lia (2005):
692:Ai Pioppi Playground
549:Kensington, Victoria
385:, New South Wales.
294:Heckscher Playground
142:spirit of resistance
32:adventure playground
18:Adventure Playground
2407:on 17 December 2014
2381:on 20 December 2016
1726:"Adventures Abound"
1209:The Playwork Primer
1091:. ARIRANG CULTURE.
1032:Forest kindergarten
932:Erin Davis (2015):
862:Mike Lanza (2012):
747:Camberwell, England
681:a suburb of Aarhus.
394:, New South Wales.
329:Kanagawa Prefecture
296:in New York City's
217:Harbourfront Centre
1756:bouken-asobiba.org
1706:scv-adventure-play
971:Junkyard (musical)
593:Chevron Parkland,
476:, South Australia.
400:Northern Territory
351:National Arboretum
254:Irvine, California
42:, the presence of
2258:skrammelvenner.dk
1444:Cultural Politics
1355:978-0-9932410-4-8
1318:978-1-4684-5227-3
870:, Free Play Press
621:Skrammellegeplads
566:Western Australia
89:skrammellegeplads
16:(Redirected from
2659:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2489:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1698:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1515:. Archived from
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1130:atlasobscura.com
1121:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1062:playwales.org.uk
1053:
1017:Tinkering School
965:Arts and Theatre
949:William H. Whyte
901:
844:
753:, also known as
442:, Queensland.
287:in New York City
285:Governors Island
157:
156:, #playwork
140:grew out of the
54:Harry Shier, in
21:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2632:
2631:
2603:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2575:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2549:
2545:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1730:Tokyo Weekender
1724:
1723:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1650:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1543:sparkscience.ca
1535:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1484:
1480:
1467:
1463:
1440:
1436:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1396:
1389:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1303:
1299:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1258:
1254:
1241:
1237:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1089:www.arirang.com
1083:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1045:
988:
967:
929:
842:
834:
670:Skolemarken in
608:
466:South Australia
460:, Queensland.
451:, Queensland.
369:New South Wales
338:
324:, Tokyo, Japan.
312:
194:
185:
164:
158:
151:
150:
122:
96:Simon Nicholson
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2601:External links
2599:
2597:
2596:
2569:
2543:
2528:
2506:
2484:
2473:
2462:
2440:
2418:
2392:
2363:
2337:
2315:
2293:
2271:
2245:
2220:
2209:
2198:
2187:
2176:
2165:
2154:
2143:
2132:
2121:
2110:
2099:
2088:
2077:
2066:
2055:
2044:
2033:
2022:
2011:
2000:
1989:
1978:
1967:
1956:
1945:
1934:
1923:
1912:
1901:
1890:
1879:
1868:
1857:
1846:
1835:
1824:
1813:
1802:
1791:
1769:
1743:
1717:
1693:
1682:
1657:
1632:
1608:
1582:
1555:
1529:
1504:
1478:
1461:
1450:(3): 323â336.
1434:
1417:
1387:
1368:
1354:
1331:
1317:
1297:
1278:
1252:
1235:
1218:
1198:
1178:
1159:(2): 131â168.
1143:
1132:. Atlasobscura
1115:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1075:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:Sudbury School
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
987:
984:
983:
982:
966:
963:
962:
961:
956:
946:
936:
928:
925:
924:
923:
916:
909:
902:
885:
877:
876:
872:
871:
860:
854:
845:
833:
830:
829:
828:
822:
816:
801:
795:
792:St John's Wood
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
748:
744:
743:
742:United Kingdom
739:
738:
734:
733:
729:
728:
725:
722:
718:
717:
713:
712:
705:
704:
700:
699:
688:
687:
683:
682:
677:Søndergürd in
675:
668:
661:
658:
655:
648:
641:
638:
631:
617:Byggelegeplads
613:
612:
607:
604:
603:
602:
591:
584:
577:
562:
561:
553:
552:
544:
543:
535:
534:
526:
525:
507:
506:
495:
494:
487:
486:
478:
477:
474:Port Noarlunga
462:
461:
453:
452:
444:
443:
435:
434:
419:
418:
411:
396:
395:
387:
386:
378:
377:
365:
364:
360:
359:
355:
354:
337:
334:
333:
332:
325:
317:
316:
311:
308:
307:
306:
300:
291:
288:
281:Play:groundNYC
278:
273:
263:
262:
256:
250:
241:
236:
229:
228:
224:
223:
220:
213:
206:
199:
198:
193:
190:
184:
181:
163:
162:United Kingdom
160:
154:Play:groundNYC
148:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
94:The architect
51:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2664:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2539:
2532:
2516:
2510:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2466:
2450:
2444:
2428:
2422:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2325:
2319:
2303:
2297:
2281:
2275:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1795:
1779:
1773:
1757:
1753:
1752:"ćĽćŹăŽĺéşéăłĺ ´ăŽć´ĺ˛"
1747:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1686:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1519:on 2015-07-17
1518:
1514:
1508:
1493:
1492:www.infed.org
1489:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1405:
1404:truth-out.org
1401:
1394:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1357:
1351:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1222:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1116:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
980:
976:
972:
969:
968:
960:
957:
954:
950:
947:
944:
941:(1950â1959):
940:
939:British PathĂŠ
937:
935:
931:
930:
921:
917:
914:
910:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
883:
879:
878:
874:
873:
869:
867:
861:
859:
855:
853:
851:
846:
840:
836:
835:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
810:
806:
802:
799:
796:
793:
789:
786:
783:
779:
776:
772:
769:
765:
762:
758:
756:
752:
749:
746:
745:
741:
740:
736:
735:
731:
730:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
714:
710:
707:
706:
702:
701:
697:
693:
690:
689:
685:
684:
680:
676:
673:
669:
666:
662:
659:
656:
653:
649:
646:
642:
639:
637:, Copenhagen.
636:
632:
630:, Copenhagen.
629:
626:
625:
624:
622:
618:
610:
609:
600:
596:
595:Optus Stadium
592:
589:
585:
582:
578:
575:
571:
570:
569:
568:
567:
559:
555:
554:
550:
546:
545:
541:
537:
536:
532:
528:
527:
524:, Victoria.
523:
519:
518:
517:
516:
515:
510:
504:
503:
502:
501:
500:
493:
489:
488:
484:
480:
479:
475:
471:
470:
469:
468:
467:
459:
455:
454:
450:
446:
445:
441:
437:
436:
432:
428:
427:
426:
425:
424:
416:
412:
409:
405:
404:
403:
402:
401:
393:
389:
388:
384:
380:
379:
375:
374:
373:
371:
370:
362:
361:
357:
356:
352:
348:
347:
346:
344:
343:
330:
326:
323:
322:Setagaya ward
319:
318:
314:
313:
304:
301:
299:
295:
292:
289:
286:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
268:
265:
264:
260:
257:
255:
251:
249:
245:
242:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:United States
226:
225:
221:
218:
214:
211:
207:
204:
201:
200:
196:
195:
189:
180:
177:
176:youth workers
172:
168:
167:Marjory Allen
155:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
64:
59:
57:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2589:February 12,
2587:. Retrieved
2583:The Guardian
2582:
2572:
2560:. Retrieved
2557:Bristol Post
2556:
2546:
2537:
2531:
2519:. Retrieved
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2487:
2476:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2421:
2409:. Retrieved
2405:the original
2395:
2383:. Retrieved
2379:the original
2354:. Retrieved
2349:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2257:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2234:. YNKB. 2003
2223:
2212:
2201:
2190:
2179:
2168:
2157:
2146:
2135:
2124:
2113:
2102:
2091:
2080:
2069:
2058:
2047:
2036:
2025:
2014:
2003:
1992:
1981:
1970:
1959:
1948:
1937:
1926:
1915:
1904:
1893:
1882:
1871:
1860:
1849:
1838:
1827:
1816:
1805:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1755:
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1729:
1720:
1709:. Retrieved
1705:
1696:
1685:
1674:. Retrieved
1672:. 2018-06-29
1669:
1660:
1649:. Retrieved
1647:. 2018-08-31
1644:
1635:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1594:
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1568:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
1532:
1521:. Retrieved
1517:the original
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1491:
1481:
1471:
1464:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1427:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1403:
1381:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1341:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1307:
1300:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:
1255:
1245:
1238:
1228:
1221:
1208:
1201:
1188:
1181:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1129:
1119:
1097:. Retrieved
1088:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1061:
1051:
889:
863:
847:
838:
708:
643:Regnbuen in
620:
616:
614:
564:
563:
560:, Victoria.
542:, Victoria.
533:, Victoria.
513:
511:
508:
497:
496:
464:
463:
421:
420:
398:
397:
367:
366:
340:
339:
298:Central Park
208:The city of
192:The Americas
186:
170:
165:
123:
93:
88:
75:, opened in
68:
66:
61:
55:
53:
31:
29:
2652:Playgrounds
2562:January 18,
2517:(in German)
2495:(in German)
2352:(in Danish)
2350:Byggeren.dk
2264:22 February
2238:22 February
1784:January 23,
1762:January 17,
1736:January 17,
1601:January 18,
1575:January 18,
1548:October 12,
1497:January 23,
1410:January 22,
1406:. Truth Out
1361:29 November
1324:29 November
1271:29 November
1136:January 29,
1099:January 23,
1068:January 29,
1022:Makerspaces
975:Jack Thorne
973:written by
843:(in Danish)
794:London, UK.
732:Switzerland
540:Warrnambool
392:Cootamundra
203:TELUS Spark
44:playworkers
2636:Categories
2455:7 December
2433:7 December
2411:7 December
2385:7 December
2356:7 December
2330:7 December
2308:7 December
2286:7 December
1711:2019-07-04
1676:2018-10-29
1651:2018-10-29
1626:2017-09-24
1595:calgary.ca
1523:2015-05-02
1112:References
832:Literature
531:Shepparton
423:Queensland
81:Camberwell
67:The first
36:playground
1778:"ăŠăăŞă¨ăăďź"
1670:Newslight
1645:Newslight
1571:. Cagdary
1428:#playwork
1173:220476708
574:Katanning
415:Katherine
336:Australia
2585:. London
2521:28 April
2499:28 April
1569:CBC News
1294:: 30â34.
1093:Archived
1002:Playwork
986:See also
951:(1980):
934:The Land
875:Academic
811:, South
763:, London
645:Hvidovre
581:Manjimup
522:Kew East
514:Victoria
499:Tasmania
449:Tingalpa
383:Gundagai
331:, Japan.
233:The Yard
152:â
979:Bristol
782:Bristol
775:Bristol
768:Bristol
761:Dalston
703:Germany
679:Lystrup
665:Brøndby
652:Rødovre
611:Denmark
269:in the
210:Calgary
120:Denmark
69:planned
50:History
1621:blogTO
1352:
1315:
1171:
880:BDJA:
813:London
716:Sweden
672:Aarhus
635:Amager
606:Europe
558:Wallan
483:Monash
458:Pialba
440:Cooroy
408:Darwin
197:Canada
138:Emdrup
130:Emdrup
85:calque
77:Emdrup
2232:(PDF)
1346:(PDF)
1213:(PDF)
1193:(PDF)
1169:S2CID
1043:Notes
784:, UK.
777:, UK.
770:, UK.
686:Italy
599:Perth
588:Perth
315:Japan
2591:2017
2564:2017
2523:2021
2501:2021
2457:2014
2435:2014
2413:2014
2387:2014
2358:2014
2332:2014
2310:2014
2288:2014
2266:2016
2240:2016
1786:2017
1764:2017
1738:2017
1603:2017
1577:2017
1550:2019
1499:2017
1412:2017
1363:2018
1350:ISBN
1326:2018
1313:ISBN
1273:2018
1138:2017
1101:2017
1070:2017
927:Film
809:Oval
803:The
310:Asia
40:play
1452:doi
1161:doi
894:doi
807:in
433:.
283:on
246:in
174:by
30:An
2638::
2581:.
2555:.
2366:^
2348:.
2256:.
1754:.
1728:.
1704:.
1668:.
1643:.
1619:.
1593:.
1567:.
1541:.
1490:.
1446:.
1402:.
1390:^
1380:.
1292:62
1290:.
1264:.
1167:.
1155:.
1128:.
1087:.
1060:.
841:,
790:,
698:.
694:,
597:.
372::
345::
2593:.
2566:.
2525:.
2503:.
2459:.
2437:.
2415:.
2389:.
2360:.
2334:.
2312:.
2290:.
2268:.
2242:.
1788:.
1766:.
1740:.
1714:.
1679:.
1654:.
1629:.
1605:.
1579:.
1552:.
1526:.
1501:.
1458:.
1454::
1448:9
1414:.
1384:.
1365:.
1328:.
1275:.
1175:.
1163::
1157:6
1140:.
1103:.
1072:.
981:.
900:.
896::
868:"
864:"
852:"
848:"
674:.
601:.
590:.
551:.
219:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.