Afghan Commando Forces

2081:. A single group of Afghan commandos managed to hold out against the mujahideen for three days before being finally overrun. The chief of counter-reconnaissance in one of the commando brigades managed to lead 24 commandos to safety, which took 8 days. To reinforce the DRA forces, the 11th and 18th Infantry Divisions, 21st Mechanised Infantry Brigade, 203rd Special Purpose Battalion and the 37th Commando Brigade arrived, alongside 5 Soviet battalions. Brig. Abdul Gafur stated he used "hammer and stick" tactics—driving the mujahideen against the mountains to prevent them from retreating and then eliminating them. Both the Soviet and Afghan commandos would launch several of the “hammer and stick” attacks during the second week of April. 797: 378: 593: 1012: 1410: 1275: 2597: 727: 390: 5010:"Afghan National Army Brig. Gen. Khatool Mohammadzai, Husn Banu Ghazanfar of the Afghan Ministry of Women's Affairs and U.S. Army Brig. Gen. Rodney Anderson, Combined Joint Task Force 82 deputy commanding general for support, cut a cake at the International Women's Day celebration at Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan, March 3, 2008. Hundreds turned out to the festivities to celebrate the world's women and acknowledge women's contributions to peace and security. Photo by Master Sgt. Demetrius Lester, USAF" 810: 4294:“With greetings. Heroic commando units of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan included the 37th Commando Brigade, 444th Commando Battalion, 200th Reconnaissance Battalion, 38th Commando Brigade, 201st Commando Battalion, and operational commando units. The 625th Operational Battalion, 626th Operational Battalion, 627th Operational Battalion, and 628th and 629th Operational Battalions were also among these exceptional and special units of the time where I personally served in some of them.” 366: 35: 2301:) were obligated to allocate hundreds of their personnel. The 84th and 85th Commando Battalions were additionally formed in 1987 to be part of the airborne assault force, with plans for four separate battalions to also join this new force. Although the airborne assault force was established, plans for the formation of four additional battalions were abandoned. A Soviet-Afghan joint force additionally conducted 1903:(worn on the beret) which depicted a red thunderbolt over a white parachute behind a sky blue background. During this period, one family portrait suggests the commandos also wore light green berets alongside the cap badge, although only a single image depicts this. The commandos additionally had their own flag, being in a sky blue colour and featuring iconography of a parachute. 4290:با درود ها. قطعات قهرمان کوماندوی دولت جمهوری دموکراتیک افغانستان شامل لوای ۳۷ کوماندو، قطعه ۴۴۴ کوماندو، قطعه ۲۰۰ کشف، لوای ۳۸ کوماندو، قطعه ۲۰۱ کوماندو، و قطعات اوپراتیفی کوماندو به شمار می‌آمدند. کندک ۶۲۵ قهرمان، کندک ۶۲۶ اوپراتیفی، کندک ۶۲۷ اوپراتیفی، و کندک ۶۲۸ و ۶۲۹ اوپراتیفی نیز جزء این قطعات بی نظیر و ویژه زمان بودند که من شخصاً در بعضی از آنها ایفای وظیفه نموده‌ام. 2043:, being aided by the Soviet Air Force and the Soviet 191th Separate Motorized Rifle Regiment. When the Afghan force moved to Matwarkh, they stopped moving and stayed in the region for a month. The mujahideen used this to their advantage and started shelling them, with the Afghan forces taking casualties but still not moving forward. The 25th Infantry Division moved out of 1995:, leading the mujahideen to retreat on 14 September 1985. The joint force established observation posts and then took control of Tor Kamar, becoming careless as they assumed the mujahideen didn't have any heavy weaponry. Two defected tank commanders then fired upon an artillery spotting observation post, sending soldiers flying, using a 1802:. On 16 June, the brigade additionally welcomed 820 inhabitants who were driven out by the fighting, which was also propagandized. By 1983, the commando brigades were among the most reliable combat units at the disposal of the Afghan Army, seeing constant action but taking heavy casualties. As early as 1980, the province of 1298:

During the final hours of the coup, Lt. Imauddin, an officer of the 444th Commando Battalion, and Gul Aqa, chief of the Republican Guard Brigade, both ordered Daoud Khan to surrender. Daoud Khan refused and as a result, Imauddin shot him, although Imauddin had been injured by a bullet fired by Daoud.

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The commando battalions would find themselves becoming the victims of in-fighting, as the 444th, 455th Commando Battalions and the 242nd Parachute Battalion fought among each other. Communists within the 242nd Para neutralised the battalion to ensure soldiers didn't intervene on behalf of President

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claimed they destroyed 252 independent mujahideen fortifications, neutralised 6000 anti-tank mines and 12,000 anti-personnel mines, and seized hundreds of rockets and rocket launchers, thousands of 107mm rockets and millions of rounds of tank and machine gun ammunition. They also claimed that 2000

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In 1988, the Afghan National Guard (‘Gard-e-Mili’, previously referred to as the Afghan Special Guard ‘Gard-e-Khas’ and Guards Corps) was formed, with the 37th and 38th Commando Battalions being assigned to it. However, according to Conboy, both battalions retained their independence and did not

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bombed Mujahideen positions. The Mujahideen then attacked the landing zones of 38th Commando, overrunning four of them and capturing 530 commandos. Colonel Qalander Shah, commander of the 38th Commando Brigade, called artillery fire on his own position and ordered the brigade to retreat, somehow

2055:

to insert an assault group from the 38th Commando Brigade, only to meet heavy resistance once they commenced their ground assault. The air assault group commander reported that the firing was far away from his location, as a DRA artillery brigade fired illumination rounds at 3:00am and asked the

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Annually, the commandos lost around 10% of their personnel due to the sheer number of combat operations they had to undertake, with two-thirds of this percentage also being deserters or captured commandos. Despite this, they were the most formidable and combat-ready force at the disposal of the

1986:

tribe also recaptured Bori. The DRA task force, along with the two commando brigades, captured the town of Lezhi and managed to kill Commander Mawlawi Ahmad Gul. The Mujahideen in Lezhi retreated south as a 20-man unit blocked the Manay Kandow pass. The DRA forces spent 10 days trying to break

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and many others. All commando battalions and regiments were placed under the control of the commanders of the three army corps. Despite this, Afghan commandos still wore their jump wings and their commando formation insignia on their right shoulder, which was later carried over to the

2289:, being the only divisional commando formation, part of the 2nd Infantry Division. The remaining commando and special formations, such as the 37th, 38th and 466th Commando Battalions, 666th "Air Assault" Commando Regiment, 203rd, 212th and 230th SpN battalions became part of a new " 2536:

The concept of the paratrooper badges have remained unchanged ever since their inception under the Afghan monarchy, although there have been multiple variants of these badges that are designated by "series" or by "type". There are three series of these parachutist badges, such as:

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as a firefight ensued. The Soviet paratroopers annihilated most of the regiment, with 700 Afghan paratroopers being killed or captured. In the aftermath of the battle, 26th Airborne Regiment was disbanded and later reorganised into the 37th Commando Brigade, led by Col.

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magazine “RAIDS”, each brigade theoretically consisted of 2,000 men organized into three combat battalions of approximately 550 commandos each, with support units. The commandos possessed almost no heavy equipment, only 82mm mortars and 14.5mm machine guns, except in

1975:. The Mujahideen, however, led a successful counterattack and blocked the ridge on the eastern slope of the Moghulgai mountains. During the fighting, the DRA force lost two APCs and four trucks, withdrawing and returning to Khost to possibly perform reconnaissance. 2490:

worn on the chest, usually with a red, blue or black felt behind the badge, although it was sometimes worn without any felt. Out of the four classes, three of them have stars which indicate the experience of the paratrooper donning them on their uniform, such as:

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commanders who not only lacked specialist training but also secondary level education. However, the number of officers who managed to complete a brief training course increased and 10–15 graduates of the military university joined the commando forces annually.

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then issued orders to arrest the helicopter regiment commander due to the botched landing, with other pilots claiming that he was in hiding and that he explicitly told them to land where they did. The joint DRA-Soviet forces began to destroy the caves of

3063:“The Kalashnikov was introduced to Afghanistan for the first time during the reign of the Shah and was only available to the 444th Commando Battalion, which three years later, Sardar Mohammad Daoud used to seize power with the help of this battalion.” 1430:

administration. He was jailed for a decade before the government collapsed in 1992, when he fled Afghanistan and sought refuge in the Netherlands. He was detained in October 2015, aged 64, although the case against him was ultimately dropped by the

1386:. AGSA agents subjected him to various forms of torture, including severe beatings, nail pulling and electric shocks. Despite this, he claimed that they could not “force him to betray his ideals”. As a result of Hidayatullah’s defiance, 2247:

The Commando Brigades were, in contrast, considered reliable and were used as mobile strike forces until they sustained excessive casualties. Insurgents ambushed and inflicted heavy casualties on the 37th Commando Brigade during the

1624:

in two days. The training was strenuous, resulting in her feet bleeding and having to use rocks as pillows during the march. Mohammadzai additionally claims she was never subject to official discrimination as a female paratrooper.

2345:. In 1988, the 37th Commando Battalion and the three SpN battalions only had a one-week break between combat operations. Nevertheless, recruits for the Afghan Commando Forces still displayed eagerness to join, wanting to receive 2284:

In the same year, the Afghan Commando Forces underwent another significant reformation as the 444th Commando Battalion was reorganised into a brigade, consisting of six battalions. Since 1983, 444th Commando were stationed in

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The second design of the Afghan parachutist badge, being a smaller size with a light metal construction and a "gold" colour, although there is a silver grey variant. The wings are straight, appearing to be flying upwards

2026:

was the overall commander of the Afghan group of forces, whereas Maj. Gen. Mohammed Asif Delawar was appointed the leader of the Afghan ground forces. Brig. Abdul Gafur, a commando of the 37th Commando Battalion from the

2461:, and in April 1992, the Afghan government collapsed. Information about what happened to other commando and special formations is unavailable, however, they were not listed among the formations under the control of the 1330:. A reorganisation and redesignation of the commando formations took place, still retaining their numerical designation. For example, the 444th Commando Battalion was now the 444th Commando Regiment. As a result of the 1866:

In 1985, a Soviet shift towards small-unit tactics led to an increase in Afghan commando operations. This resulted in the 444th Commando Battalion suffering an 80% casualty rate while conducting spring offensives in

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reluctantly moved towards Maiwand Road where the supplementary buses were parked to deport the protestors from the capital. The protestors reluctantly went inside the buses, shouting "Death to Abdul Wali" and

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could fight if well-organized and well-supported against heavily armed mujahideen close to their source of supply", although they took 600 casualties. The 37th Commando Brigade managed to enter the caves of

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fortress. The 37th and 38th Commando were later reconverted into brigades and remained in a reserve capacity, ensuring that they could be rapidly deployed to address any situations and in 1989, during the

1588:, being the largest commando formation at a strength of three battalions. As a result of the battle with the 26th Airborne Regiment, the Soviet 357th Guards Airborne Regiment were permanently stationed in 1455:. The commando mutineers clashed with pro-government forces within the 26th Airborne and 32nd Motorized Infantry Regiments inside the fortress. The mutineers were met with ruthless air bombardment by the 1854:

under the 2nd Division, alongside two army brigades that were previously part of the 20th and 8th Divisions. In the same year, an Afghan commando featured in the first known Soviet-published photo of an

2035:’s general staff. The 38th Commando Brigade was committed to conduct an air assault on Dawri Gar mountain, rising 3,600 metres above sea level. On 28 February 1986, Afghan government forces moved from 2196:

as they were conscripts and were ordered to complete two years of labour if they wanted to be fully amnestied. After sustaining heavy casualties, the commando brigades were converted into battalions.

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Garrison. In the same year, the 81st Artillery Brigade was given airborne training and converted into the 38th Commando Brigade, stationed in Mahtab Qala (lit. Moonlit Fortress) garrison southwest of

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and celebrated, having successfully forced the mujahideen to fight on unequal terms and penetrated the cave complex. Only 200–300 men deserted from Gafur's force despite their close proximity to the

1426:, indiscriminately killing 1,000 civilians including women, children, the elderly and the disabled. Major Saddiq Alamyar, the commander of the 444th Commando during the massacre, was arrested by the 920:, as soldiers attempted to wake them up and make them leave the area. As a result of the protestors not leaving the mosque, the soldiers carefully used their gunstocks to disperse the crowd, as the 2060:, as the air assault group commander quietly told the command post "I understand. We will withdraw". One hour later, he reported that they were surrounded and locked in combat. Mawlawi Nezamuddin 1490:, such as Mohammed Daoud and Mohammed Mohsin. After the uprising, the 444th, 455th and 466th Commando Regiments were converted into battalions once more, with the 444th Commando being moved from 2192:

tried and executed Colonel Qalandar Shah alongside 78 other officers who were forced to "confess their crimes" from different operations and then executed. However, regular soldiers were given

4177: 534:, and to prevent potential coup attempts. Command of the battalion was passed down to Capt. Habibullah, who recently completed the Infantry Officers’ Advanced Course and airborne training in 1879:, although this led to 73 commandos being killed and 30 being captured. Although, not all operations led to success as the 38th Commando Brigade were forced to retreat from Peshgur, 1451:. The 26th Airborne Regiment would prove to be politically unreliable as on 15 August 1979, the 26th Airborne and elements of the 444th Commando Regiment joined in the Maoist-led 2072:

intelligence agents within the DRA failed to find out that the rest of the 38th Commando Brigade were landed on seven landing zones around Zhawar. Following the air assault, the

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intelligence officers and paramilitary forces under the Ministry of Interior. The battle lasted for five hours, with the revolt being crushed and leaving 400 dead. Tens of

2047:, engaging the mujahideen and later looting three villages and destroying them, later moving to secure Naray Pass so DRA forces could move forward. On 2 April 1986, six 657:

Ultimately, three graduates of the “J Course” would become deputy commanders of the 444th Commando; Gul Agha, Hidayatullah Aziz and Abdullah Baqi. During this time, the

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overall) with all three of the deputy commanders being members of the party. Within the commando course, discussions on “liberation” and political philosophies such as

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By mid-1979, anti-communist dissent was also starting to emerge within the Afghan Armed Forces, being evident through the defection of the 17th Division during the

2018:. The 7th, 8th, 14th and 25th Infantry Divisions, the 38th Commando Brigade and the 666th "Air Assault" Commando Regiment were committed to the operation and the 953:

was chosen by Daoud to lead the coup, as he began garnering support from officers and junior officers for the operation. He then tasked Hidayutallah Aziz, now a

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commandos if they could see the round, to which they replied that it was 10 kilometres away. The commandos then realised that they landed 5 kilometres inside

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elements taking part in the coup, with the 444th Commando Battalion being heavily involved. After the coup, Capt. Hashem Wardak was promoted to the rank of

882:

However, these facilitated protests turned into an anti-government rally, as the Islamic clergy criticized the government for not taking action against the

3054:کلاشينکوف برای بار اول در زمان شاه به افغانستان داده شد و تنها نزد غند کوماندو ۴۴۴ موجود بود که سه سال بعد سردار محمد داود قدرت را توسط همین غند تصرف کرد 2091:

to no avail, as one Pakistani officer and his NCO were injured as a result of the aerial bombardment. The operation saw the involvement of 100 Pakistani

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In 1980, there were also plans for three special forces battalions to be created in each of the army's corps, being officially deployed in 1981 as the:

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armoured personnel carriers. While officially, commando units enlisted on a volunteer basis, in reality, 90% of the personnel were chosen from the

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at midnight, disarming the Royal Afghan Guard and taking positions around guard posts, entrances and exits of the palace. The palace was seized by

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members Noor Mohammad and Amir Mohammad. From the 242nd Parachute Battalion, paratrooper Saboor Khuzman and a few other officers were also sent to

4850: 4811: 4700: 900:, such as the 717th Civil Disciplinary Regiment (which was responsible for internal discipline and enforcement of military standards within the 5087: 3935: 2212: 327: 3487: 2207:

a few months prior, Defense Minister Lt.Gen. Nazar Mohammed gave the nickname "hero" to the 37th Commando Battalion for entering the caves of

747:, more specifically in 1964, the 242nd Parachute Battalion wore locally produced one-piece olive drab overalls, inspired by those worn by the 3714: 1999:. The tankers then fired upon other DRA soldiers, including the 37th and 38th Commando Brigades as they withdrew. After 42 days of fighting, 1771:, although no Afghan battalion with such a designation could be found. It is likely the reports were referring to the 38th Commando Brigade. 5097: 1129: 685: 3149: 2102:

On 17 April 1986, a DRA force moved towards Moghulgai mountain, leading to the Mujahideen fleeing without engaging. News soon spread that

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visited the prison himself and ordered the prison guards to place Hidayatullah’s elbow between two chairs and struck with the stock of an

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and enjoying popular support in the area. The DRA force launched an attack on Bori, supported by artillery fire and air strikes from the

1831: 1799: 1292: 1256: 883: 850: 689: 670: 658: 272: 2329:. On 1 December 1987, an Afghan commando battalion and a Soviet airborne battalion captured the Sata-Kandow Pass which was 30km east of 1733:

Additional formations additionally included the 625th, 626th, 627th, 628th, 629th Operative Battalions, the 477th Commando Battalion in

4120:"Spetsnaz: Operational Intelligence, Political Warfare, and Battlefield Role | George C. Marshall European Center For Security Studies" 2294: 1395: 1161: 4401: 2252:

in Paktika Province in April 1986. After sustaining heavy casualties, the commando brigades were turned into battalions. According to

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through, to no avail, despite the use of air strikes and artillery barrages. The DRA forces then called in air strikes from both the

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https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/carterbrezhnev/docs_intervention_in_afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_detente/fall_of_detente_chron.pdf#page=26

3763: 4651: 4194: 1571:, the Soviet 105th Airborne Division secured the city and disarmed Afghan Army units without facing opposition. On 1 January 1980, 3998: 2188:. The Mujahideen managed to destroy 24 helicopters and two jets, as well as capture 530 personnel from the 38th Commando Brigade. 1782:. Major Sher Agha, part of the 37th Commando Brigade, additionally took part in the Panjshir offensives before defecting to the 1480: 1339: 817:

On 24 May 1970, the first documented commando operation took place, involving the suppression of anti-government protests by the

3461: 646:. Hidayatullah Aziz, who would go on to be the commander of the battalion, volunteered at 25 years old. After an examination by 1768: 1670:

The three battalions had numerous names, being referred to as "Separate Spetsnaz" and "Special Reconnaissance" in the works of

1517:. Only days later, on 15 October 1979, the 444th Commando Battalion were ordered to suppress yet another rebellion launched by 3224: 785:

camouflage two-piece uniforms in 1969, initially imported from the Soviet Union. In 1970, paratroopers also resorted to using

4492: 4465: 4359: 4332: 3970: 3919: 3892: 3865: 3698: 3674: 3659: 3632: 3605: 3570: 3302: 3194: 3133: 3023: 2964: 1783: 1699: 1525:, located in the southwestern outskirts of Kabul. On 27 December 1979, being alarmed by the implications and consequences of 574: 5033: 1354:

that the commandos would have to deal with, as well as engaging im limited combat against the growing Mujahideen factions.

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fighters for the first time since 1979. In August, the 38th Commando Brigade were ordered to break a siege in Ali Khel in

1144:’s residence and informed him of the operation’s success. As a result of Faiz leading part of the battalion in support of 669:

were facilitated by Deputy Commander Gul Agha in secrecy, as many of the commandos in the course were already part of the

4460:. Internet Archive. London : Arms and Armour ; New York, NY : Distributed in the USA by Sterling Pub. Co. 4074: 3401: 1810:

which led the 38th Commando Brigade to launch an attack, only to take numerous casualties and lose a battalion. Despite

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did not want to capture the SpN operatives alive, testifying to their effectiveness. The Afghan Army’s 11th Division in

1215:) successfully engaged with the armed militants, ending in a complete victory for the Afghan government. It resulted in 2373: 2342: 2318: 2147: 1514: 1326:

Directly after the coup, the 455th Commando and 242nd Para were combined into the 26th Airborne Regiment, stationed at

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units, armed themselves and prepared their weapons. At 1:30am, the commandos began their operation under the orders of

491: 4913:"badge information page - Viewing Badge AFGHANISTAN Parachutist wings, Class 4, type II, light metal, smaller version" 4889:"badge information page - Viewing Badge AFGHANISTAN Parachutist wings, Class 1, type II, light metal, smaller version" 4415: 4349: 3535: 2011: 1638: 1432: 1394:

rifle but Hidayatullah reportedly smiled during the process. Unable to extract information from him through torture,

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On 17 July 1973, the 444th Commando Battalion would become the main striking force of Republican elements during the

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saw large groups of helicopters flying in the same direction, escorted by jet fighters, therefore deciding to radio

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by armed Islamists, targeting government headquarters. The rebels faced defeat, being arrested upon arrival, as was

4578:"Afghanistan: The Forgotten War: Human Rights Abuses and Violations of the Laws of War Since the Soviet Withdrawal" 2216: 1157: 1110: 950: 720: 570: 495: 4004:(Report). Cold War International History Project Working Papers. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 1818:

in August, only 6–8 weeks later. In August 1983, the 37th Commando launched a successful air assault operation on

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The third design of the Afghan parachutist badge, having rounded and curved wings on each side and being silver.

1334:'s disastrous social reforms, land reforms, political purges and their oppression of the Afghan population; the 3318: 2750: 2230:, Lt. Juma Khan received his first officer rank for numerous combat distinctions, similar to many other Afghan 1911:

In September 1985, the 12th Infantry Division and elements from the 37th and 38th Commando Brigades moved from

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to secure the area. It was additionally well-known among the 455th Commando Battalion that Zadran was against

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source admits that 250 fighters died in the caves alone. Urban additionally stated the operation "proved the

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Hidayatullah Aziz without a single casualty, or shot fired, for the palace guards or the commando personnel.

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government, Hidayatullah Aziz was posthumously awarded the Order of the April Revolution on 6 January 1980.

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Nation, Ethnicity and the Conflict in Afghanistan: Political Islam and the rise of ethno-politics 1992–1996

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at 2:00 am, with the 444th Commando Battalion arriving with tanks and armoured vehicles, led by Col.

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Only months after the coup, Hidayatullah Aziz was removed from his position as Head of Operations at the

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In the same year, the 37th Commando Brigade and the 666th Commando Regiment were brought into battle in

1553:. The operation was successful, leading to the assassination of Hafizullah Amin and the installation of 650:

Abdul Wali, the founder of the Afghan Commando Force, he became one of many participants drawn from the

3520: 2407: 2215:" medal. Out of the first four Afghans who were awarded this medal, two of them were commandos: Lt.Col 1794:

were taken to the province to bring it back to "normality" after DRA and Soviet forces took the entire

1790:. On the same year, the 38th Commando Brigade were involved in a propaganda operation where members of 1510: 945:

turned his attention towards the unit to enlist their support in the operation that would later be the

612:. Khushal Peroz (who was in the 444th Commando Battalion), also stated they were the first unit in the 307: 2425:

used a single battalion of the 37th Commando Brigade, with the other two battalions being deployed to

1011: 2453:’s 1st and 5th Directorates. In 1991, the 666th "Air Assault" Commando Regiment was decimated by the 1830:

in October. In April 1984, a Soviet-Afghan task force; including the 37th Commando Brigade, launched

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On 20 April 1979, the 444th Commando Regiment and the 11th Division of the Afghan Army committed the

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rifle. The early commando and parachute battalion's officer base was primarily made up of the Afghan

586: 527: 4601: 696:. PDPA party members within the commando force discreetly distributed progressive magazines such as 661:

launched a successful recruitment campaign targeted towards participants of the “J Course” (and the

2430: 2306: 1756: 1546: 312: 297: 4577: 3855: 1409: 916:. The protestors performed a sleep-in outside of the mosque and inside its courtyard as a form of 2692: 2235: 2204: 2200: 2143: 2019: 1316: 1244: 1176: 1136:, Ministry of Foreign Affairs building, the Chief Registrar’s office and this disarmament of the 1118: 1051: 1042:, three more commando formations were established; the 466th Commando Battalion, 2nd Army Corps ( 958: 282: 5009: 4741: 3830: 2900: 1323:. Tanai took command of the 444th Commando Battalion on the early morning of the 28th of April. 565:. The 444th Commando Battalion was commanded by Lt. Col. Aqel Shah, who later passed it to Maj. 3095:"In the Memory of the Life Journey of our Nation's Brave Warrior, Comrade Hidayatullah Shaheed" 2547: 2366: 2004: 1932: 1896: 1690:

battalions. They directly reported to the Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the

1572: 1550: 1495: 1308: 1137: 993: 962: 748: 716: 522:’s first elite formation which was an independent battalion, subordinate to the General Staff. 277: 4096:"Spetsnaz: Operational Intelligence, Political Warfare, and Battlefield Role by Mark Galeotti" 2954: 1000:

in 17 July. Leftist junior officers of the 242nd Parachute Battalion offered their support to

2173: 2092: 1723: 1562: 1320: 1236: 775: 751:, as well as metal airborne wings with a black cloth backing. They additionally wore a black 262: 235: 3813: 3649: 2410:, the 37th and 38th Commando Battalions were present during the defence of the city against 2325:, 8th, 11th, 12th, 14th and 25th Infantry Divisions and the 15th Tank Brigade, commanded by 3128:. Internet Archive. Stanford, Calif. : Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. 2586: 2135:

for five hours, and the traps were triggered a day later by the Mujahideen who returned to

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The fragmentation of Afghanistan: state formation and collapse in the international system

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https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3112&context=kabultimes

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Afghanistan: History, Diplomacy and Journalism Volume 1: History, Diplomacy and Journalism

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claims to have wiped out the 8th Division and the 38th Commando in 1982, they returned to

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As part of Baikal-79, a larger operation aimed at taking 20 key strongholds in and around

1038:, under the command of Maj. Hashem Zadran. Between 1975 and 1977, under the presidency of 8: 4937:"badge information page - Viewing Badge AFGHANISTAN Parachutist wings, Class 1, type III" 2981:"Fort Moore | Maneuver Center of Excellence Libraries | MCoE HQ Donovan Research Library" 2590: 2582: 2302: 2115: 2078: 2023: 1971:

Islamic pilgrimage. The joint force managed to successfully capture Bori, advancing into

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and Ali Ahmad Jalali. They were commonly referred to as "SpN", being an abbreviation for

1601: 1534: 1506: 1472: 1448: 1399: 1315:, would also take part in the coup, being photographed standing outside the gates of the 1300: 1284: 1260: 1220: 1192: 1145: 1141: 1099: 1039: 989: 985: 942: 744: 705: 677: 662: 629: 577:. By then, the battalion numbered around 1,600 commandos. The battalion was stationed in 515: 487: 483: 292: 4762: 4015: 1608:’s few female paratroopers, Afghan commando recruits had to complete a 150km (93 miles) 886:

and other leftist organisations, as well as accusing them of "subjecting Afghanistan to

538:, United States. The 242nd Parachute Battalion was stationed in Sherpur Fort, northwest 482:, composed of numerous brigades, regiments and battalions initially established by King 4865:"badge information page - Viewing Badge AFGHANISTAN Parachutist wings, Class 1, type I" 3576: 3029: 2685: 2402: 2189: 2103: 2088: 2065: 1960: 1703: 1621: 1589: 1576: 1509:

assassinated after being informed of a murder plot which was to be perpetrated by the "

1327: 1288: 1216: 1188: 1035: 875: 755:

depicting a silver bullion airborne cap with wheat and red thunderbolts on each side.

643: 578: 287: 125: 4455: 3123: 2293:". This new combined formation was to be fully equipped with armaments, for which the 2211:, 322nd Fighter Aviation Regiment and the 2nd Border Brigade, awarding them with the " 2159:

states this number is exaggerated and it's more probable that 1000 mujahideen died. A

1871:. In the same year, a Soviet-Afghan task force successfully broke a siege in Barikot, 1018:

and other paratroopers of the 444th Commando Battalion during parachute training, 1973

4844: 4805: 4694: 4488: 4461: 4411: 4355: 4328: 3966: 3915: 3888: 3861: 3739: 3694: 3655: 3628: 3601: 3566: 3531: 3495: 3465: 3350: 3298: 3190: 3129: 3019: 2980: 2960: 2729: 2700: 2596: 2487: 2358: 2346: 2286: 2249: 2151: 2073: 1992: 1956: 1880: 1868: 1851: 1835: 1815: 1775: 1707: 1347: 1228: 763: 651: 257: 137: 2087:

were then sent to Zhawar and attempted to take down Afghan and Soviet aircraft with

730:

General Khushal Peroz alongside Afghan commandos of the 444th Commando Battalion in

726: 389: 4226: 4203: 4039: 3558: 3058: 3011: 2577:

Former paratroopers could still be seen wearing their parachutist badges under the

2372:

In the same year, the "Airborne Assault Commando Troops" were disbanded due to the

2220: 1928: 1764: 1679: 1483: 1232: 1212: 1094:. The operation commenced as the commandos, and other coup participants drawn from 917: 913: 566: 518:

dates back to early 1964 when the 242nd Parachute Battalion was established as the

459: 349: 302: 246: 133: 117: 3731: 3374: 3226:

A Military History of Afghanistan: From the Great Game to the Global War on Terror

2361:

and a select few paratroopers of the 37th Commando Brigade were taught how to use

1128:

The commandos then coordinated the arrests of members of the royal family such as

762:

uniform, as well as a distinct blue patch with a singular red lightning flash and

680:, the 444th Commando Battalion and the 242nd Parachute Battalion were sent to the 4676: 3999:

Inside the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the Seizure of Kabul, December 1979

3960: 3909: 3882: 3688: 3595: 3292: 3184: 3150:"Khushal Peroz with other Afghan commandos of the 444th Commando Battalion, 1967" 2761: 2707: 2671: 2466: 2434: 2422: 2326: 2107: 2061: 2032: 2000: 1944: 1924: 1843: 1839: 1823: 1811: 1795: 1779: 1585: 1526: 1502: 1423: 1413:

A portrait of Deputy Commander Hidayatullah Aziz, of the 444th Commando Battalion

1387: 1367: 1312: 1304: 1268: 1240: 1184: 1015: 874:

and his number of marriages being quoted by foreign press outlets and the Afghan

752: 731: 609: 345: 240: 95: 5034:"Abdul Rashid Dostum officially awarded rank of marshal – Jawzjan | Ariana News" 4826: 4787: 4533:"#10 Magazine Raids N33 February 1989 Grand North Operation Blizzard IN Finland" 3094: 1939:. The attack force paired with the 25th Infantry Division, already stationed in 1299:

Two commando officers, Babrak Khan and Ibrahim, who took part in the killing of

1113:, the Chief of Operations of the 444th Commando Battalion, the commandos seized 4250:"THE AFGHAN ARMY: THE SOVIET MILITARY'S POOR STUDENT | CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)" 2458: 2052: 1687: 1593: 1522: 1366:

and assigned to Harbi Military University as a deputy, despite his role in the

1208: 1074:. In the mid-1970s, the commandos additionally received a unique orange-green " 887: 865: 858: 818: 809: 604:

To properly accommodate the new commando formations, they were given access to

511: 475: 426: 267: 99: 5059: 4715: 4556: 4432: 3936:"40 Years After His Death, Hafizullah Amin Casts a Long Shadow in Afghanistan" 2433:. The coup attempt failed, being thwarted by the Afghan National Guard led by 1959:

force in Zhawar were underprepared as most of its major commanders, including

1370:

with the 444th Commando Battalion. In July 1978, Hidayatullah was arrested by

1303:

and his family were interviewed by Soviet media in 1980. It is alleged by the

793:

additionally become part of the commando headdress, pulled down to the right.

688:. This included the three deputy commanders of the 444th Commando and two non- 5081: 4351:

Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century

4285: 4178:"The Campaign for the Caves: The Battles for Zhawar in the Soviet-Afghan War" 3743: 3499: 3354: 3049: 2438: 2084: 2028: 1558: 1538: 1427: 1067: 1001: 970: 666: 530:, established the battalion to suppress demonstrations, riots in the capital 443: 439: 435: 431: 365: 34: 4377:"Use of the M-16 Rifle by Mujahideen during the Soviet-Afghan War 1979-1989" 3580: 3552: 3033: 3005: 1295:-affiliated rebels to distract and immobilise the 455th Commando Battalion. 984:’s third elite formation. Before the battalion could come to full strength, 608:

personnel carriers, tanks and other military equipment. Eimal Peroz, son of

4309:

The Other Side of the Mountain: Mujahideen Tactics in the Soviet-Afghan War

2742:

477th Commando Battalion (regiment in 1978) (in existence according to the

2354: 2350: 2314: 2274: 2096: 2003:

broke contact and planned to withdraw his joint attack force at night. The

1983: 1872: 1847: 1609: 1530: 1468: 1231:

being crushed. In the same year, the 444th Commando Battalion were sent to

1207:

saw initial success, with a military garrison being taken by the rebels in

1171:

In 1974, soldiers of the 444th Commando Battalion were sent to the city of

1165: 1149: 1122: 1005: 954: 926: 790: 715:

eventually returned, after having successfully completed training with the

712: 681: 129: 113: 103: 4960: 4532: 2273:. The leadership consisted of officers who have undergone training in the 723:, who became the Chief of Operations within the 444th Commando Battalion. 3562: 3015: 2757: 2728:

444th Commando Brigade (regiment in 1978, brigade in 1988) (stationed in

2501: 2270: 2185: 2164: 1948: 1888: 1876: 1860: 1767:: удар) with the Soviet 350th Guards Separate Parachute Battalion of the 1760: 1753: 1605: 1580: 1518: 1250: 1180: 1095: 1079: 1071: 981: 901: 897: 834: 771: 759: 636: 621: 613: 597: 558: 519: 479: 471: 121: 81: 71: 4219:

Building Afghanistan's Security Forces in Wartime: The Soviet Experience

3790:"A 36-Year Wait for Justice? Dutch arrest suspected Afghan war criminal" 1850:. As of May 1984, the 444th Commando Battalion additionally operated in 976:

Between 1972 and 1973, the 455th Commando Battalion was being formed at

904:) to remove the protestors by force and use buses to deport them out of 766:

with a light blue cloth backing. The Afghan commandos wore Soviet-style

2481: 2462: 2454: 2415: 2334: 2160: 2156: 2128: 2069: 1936: 1807: 1787: 1671: 1403: 1133: 1023: 535: 402: 152: 4936: 4912: 4888: 4864: 2114:

and on 19 April 1986, DRA and Soviet forces entered the area. General

719:

and receiving diplomas. This included Gul Agha, Hidayatullah Aziz and

553:

During the summer of 1967, the 444th Commando Battalion was formed by

5061:

Exclusive interview with Marshal Dostum | گفتگوی ویژه با مارشال دوستم

4735: 4733: 4407: 2426: 2377: 2177: 1996: 1900: 1856: 1727: 1617: 1464: 1436: 1172: 1027: 966: 826: 786: 782: 547: 407: 156: 4457:

War in a distant country, Afghanistan : invasion and resistance

1730:

also had the 211th Separate Spetsnaz Battalion under their command.

1398:

Daoud Taroon shot the commando in the temple with a revolver. After

596:

Gul Agha, Faiz Mohammad, Hedayatullah Aziz and Hashem Zadran before

4069: 2736: 2657: 2446: 2385: 2362: 2227: 2203:

on 19 August 1986, after celebrating the DRA-Soviet victory in the

2106:

was wounded by the aerial bombardment, and rumours circulated that

2057: 2048: 1980: 1892: 1749: 1719: 1675: 1663: 1224: 1153: 1043: 871: 639: 467: 419: 415: 411: 148: 91: 4730: 4065:"Afghanistan: The Trials of Woman Paratrooper Khatool Mohammadzai" 4040:"Участник штурма дворца Амина: мы шли под прямой автоматный огонь" 3715:

Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978–2001

561:’s second elite formation and the most important commando unit in 2470: 2231: 2193: 1947:

commanding this joint force, being from the neighbouring town of

1931:, the former commander of the 444th Commando Battalion under the 1891:

garrison and one of the commando brigade’s armored battalions in

1791: 1554: 1460: 1383: 1343: 937:

As the 444th Commando Battalion held a strategic position within

854: 800:

A black patch of the 242nd Parachute Battalion of the Afghan Army

767: 499: 2513:

two stars, awarded for several dozen jumps in a combat situation

1846:, and the 444th Commando Battalion was conducting operations in 1034:, leaving the 455th Commando Battalion as the only formation in 4312:. U.S. Marine Corps, Studies and Analysis Division. p. 58. 3996: 2330: 2322: 2278: 2266: 2262: 2253: 2208: 2169: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2111: 2040: 2036: 2015: 1976: 1972: 1920: 1912: 1734: 1653: 1168:

Hidayatullah Aziz, who coordinated the seizure of the palace.

1103: 1085: 1055: 921: 893: 830: 693: 647: 642:

course, was established within the 444th Commando Battalion at

625: 605: 554: 543: 523: 463: 2180:

Abdul Gafar, the "architect of the victory" was flown back to

1786:(NIFA), being the most secular and nationalist faction of the 932: 804: 781:

The commandos became the first unit in the Afghan Army to use

758:

In 1967, the 444th Commando Battalion wore the standard khaki

3488:"Afghan-Pakistani Trouble Brewing Again Near the Khyber Pass" 3007:

Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism

2768: 2696: 2664: 2647: 2640: 2623: 2616: 2389: 2381: 2258: 2223:) and Lt. Juma Khan from the 37th "Hero" Commando Battalion. 2181: 2044: 1964: 1940: 1916: 1884: 1827: 1819: 1803: 1774:

In September 1982, the commando brigades saw heavy action in

1763:’s 344th Commando Battalion took part in Operation “Strike" ( 1738: 1643: 1613: 1597: 1568: 1513:" and later assumed power, becoming the new president of the 1491: 1456: 1391: 1379: 1351: 1335: 1331: 1196: 1047: 1031: 938: 905: 838: 617: 582: 539: 531: 2242: 3764:"Head of Afghan Commando Unit Detained Over 1,000 Killings" 2546:

The first design of the Afghan parachutist badge under the

2469:

managed to recruit commando officers into the ranks of the

2450: 2298: 2277:, both in military academies and at the airborne school in 1968: 1895:. And on the same year, in 1985, Afghan commandos received 1715: 1695: 1600:

under the command of Brig. Tawab Khan. From the memoirs of

1476: 1371: 711:

Soldiers of the Afghan Commando Force who were sent to the

3125:

Afghanistan's two-party communism : Parcham and Khalq

1263:, overthrew the Republican government and established the 1132:

and Lt. General Abdul Wali Khan. After the capture of the

4484:

What We Won: America's Secret War in Afghanistan, 1979 89

3814:

https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/sadeq-alamyar/

3528:

What We Won: America's Secret War in Afghanistan, 1979–89

2473:, in which they fought the Mujahideen from 1994 to 1996. 2445:’s 10th Division, 717th Civil Disciplinary Regiment, the 2401:

become part of the Afghan National Guard, being moved to

2376:

and due to a shortage of forces defending cities such as

1561:. This would be the catalyst and the preliminary for the 1542: 1183:. A year later, in 1975, 444th Commando would be sent to 1164:

and command of the 444th Commando Battalion was given to

3962:

Afghanistan: Political Frailty and External Interference

1070:

camouflage, produced locally from fabric printed within

585:, being airborne-qualified and under the control of the 3911:

Afghanistan: History, Diplomacy and Journalism Volume 1

3860:. Translated by King, John. Columbia University Press. 1357: 1211:, the 444th Commando Battalion (in assistance with the 1054:) and a supposed 777th Commando Battalion stationed in 890:" and "undermining the Islamic values" of the country. 864:"Anti-religious" films being shown on television about 4757: 4755: 4753: 4501: 3690:

Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation

1838:

and managed to clear several parts of the valley from

1628: 1251:

Commandos under the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

4739: 3857:

Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present

2898: 2678: 1906: 1579:

to disarm, only for them to refuse and fire upon the

1486:

and commando mutineers were arrested and executed in

684:

to undergo advanced training, more specially, to the

628:

Abdul Wali, who feared a potential coup attempt from

2482:

Parachutist badges of the Afghan commando battalions

1592:

fortress, meaning this new brigade was stationed as

1435:

due to a lack of evidence. Alamyar still resides in

4961:"Dostum Calls for Political Settlement to Conflict" 4750: 1883:. The 37th Commando Brigade were sent to reinforce 1066:In 1974, the Afghan commandos received the Italian 949:. As the chief of operations within the battalion, 635:In 1968, the “J course”, an advanced post-graduate 4602:"A Tale of Two Afghan Armies | Small Wars Journal" 4513: 4430: 3343:"Afghan King Overthrown; A Republic Is Proclaimed" 2523:one star, awarded for jumps in a combat situation) 2131:in the area before leaving, having only stayed in 2110:was killed. As a result, the Mujahideen abandoned 1826:. After their successes, they were airlifted into 1255:On 27 April 1978, armed forces units loyal to the 1152:and given command of the battalion, purging it of 1106:vehicles that were exclusively available to them. 821:. Initially, the Afghan government encouraged the 4196:Country of Origin Information Report: Afghanistan 2600:Sher Mohammad Karimi wearing his jump wings, 2011 1046:), the 666th Commando Battalion, 3rd Army Corps ( 1022:After briefly being used as palace guards at the 5079: 3997:Alexander Antonovich Liakhovsky (January 2007). 3720:(Report). The Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005. 2155:mujahideen died and 1000 were injured, although 2031:minority, was given control of the operation by 1058:, also under the control of the 3rd Army Corps. 878:"Esalat" newspaper (which is still in existence) 3647: 3554:Afghan Napoleon: The Life of Ahmad Shah Massoud 2486:The Afghan commando forces had four classes of 1195:, the two rebels being assisted by the Iranian 654:’s officer and non-commissioned officer base. 2213:Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 704:, additionally having maintained contact with 328:Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 2956:The Army and Politics: Afghanistan: 1963–1993 2735:466th Commando Battalion (regiment in 1978) ( 2639:242nd Parachute Battalion (Sherpur District, 2615:242nd Parachute Battalion (Sherpur District, 2465:in the spring of 1992. According to rumours, 2337:to retreat and leave their armaments behind. 2007:concluded with a victory for the mujahideen. 1026:, the 444th Commando Battalion were moved to 813:Postcard of Pul-e Khishti Mosque in the 1960s 466:: افغان کمانډو لړۍ) were the former combined 176: 168: 24: 3831:"The Army of Afghanistan | Hurst Publishers" 2646:444th Commando Battalion (Sherpur District, 2622:444th Commando Battalion (Sherpur District, 2531:(no star, given to new paratrooper recruits) 1935:, participated in this battle alongside the 1278:Day after the Saur Revolution in Kabul, 1978 1140:, Faiz Mohammed and his forces proceeded to 1086:Operations under the Republic of Afghanistan 908:, back to their homes. The 717th arrived at 5057: 4849:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4810:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4699:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4627:"What happened in the battle of Jalalabad?" 4306:Jalali, Ali Ahmad; Grau, Lester W. (1999). 4176:Grau, Lester W.; Jalali, Ali Ahmad (2001). 1822:, additionally fighting in the province of 1061: 933:Commandos under the Republic of Afghanistan 805:Operations under the Kingdom of Afghanistan 486:in 1964 and disbanded in 1992 by President 4507: 4305: 4175: 3853: 3648:Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry (2007). 2663:666th Commando Battalion (3rd Army Corps, 2656:466th Commando Battalion (2nd Army Corps, 2633: 2353:. Afghan commandos were taught the Soviet 1923:, a Mujahideen logistics transfer base in 542:where they conducted airborne training in 4983: 4713: 2609: 2243:Afghan “Airborne Assault Commando Troops” 1417: 833:from the eastern and southern regions of 738: 4347: 4327:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 4016:"Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War" 3462:""Пожарная команда" Кабула | Warspot.ru" 2716:85th Commando Battalion (formed in 1987) 2713:84th Commando Battalion (formed in 1987) 2595: 1408: 1273: 1257:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan 1010: 884:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan 808: 795: 770:, adorned with a small metal pin of the 725: 659:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan 591: 3686: 2291:Afghan Airborne Assault Commando Troops 1927:built using bulldozers and explosives. 1442: 1346:, uprisings began in provinces such as 569:, who received training in the British 273:Panjshir offensives (Soviet–Afghan War) 5080: 4986:"The Afghan General Who Fell to Earth" 4824: 4785: 4674: 4624: 4480: 4399: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 3958: 3907: 3794:Afghanistan Analysts Network – English 3620: 3593: 3518: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3396: 3394: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3222: 3121: 3003: 2127:. They then planted seismic mines and 1899:camouflage and a distinctive commando 1575:ordered the 26th Airborne Regiment in 581:fortress in the southern outskirts of 526:Abdul Wali, Commander-in-Chief of the 5088:1992 disestablishments in Afghanistan 4410:: Concord Publications Co Hong Kong. 4374: 4322: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 3880: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3787: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3290: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3117: 3115: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2476: 1784:National Islamic Front of Afghanistan 1710:, whereas the 212th SpN took part in 1678:and standing for "Special Purpose " ( 857:" which celebrated the centenary for 774:’s insignia or a military variant of 686:Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School 575:Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School 4717:Afghanistan - Documentary film- 1980 4652:"The legacy of Pakistan's Hamid Gul" 4519: 4453: 4289: 3550: 3485: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3053: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2441:, military university students, the 2068:who set out for Zhawar immediately. 1979:nomads and Gorbez mujahideen of the 1741:and the 665th Commando Battalion in 1498:and having their commander changed. 1358:Torture of Hidayatullah Aziz by AGSA 5098:Special forces units of Afghanistan 4434:Siege of Khost (Soviet Death Metal) 3732:"A grim chapter in Afghanistan war" 3391: 3092: 2593:, who wore two parachutist badges. 2172:for the first time in years of the 1778:against the Mujahideen fighters of 1629:Afghan Separate Spetsnaz Battalions 1378:on charges of plotting against the 177: 169: 25: 13: 4743:Elite Forces of India and Pakistan 4266: 4233: 4136: 3818: 3419: 3233: 3203: 3112: 3071: 2902:Elite Forces of India and Pakistan 2725:344th Commando Battalion (in 1980) 2679:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 2500:three stars, equivalent to Master 2374:Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan 2343:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 2010:A year later, in 1986, the Afghan 1907:First and Second Battles of Zhawar 1737:, the 886th Commando Battalion in 1714:. According to Soviet advisors to 1515:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1467:helicopter gunships (given by the 1265:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 492:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 14: 5109: 4649: 4431:Soviet Death Metal (2016-03-11). 3854:Dorronsoro, Gilles (March 2005). 3167: 2909: 2797: 1798:for the first time since 1978 in 1521:mutineers of the 7th Division in 1291:barracks were set on fire by the 1148:, he was promoted to the rank of 1008:and given command of 242nd Para. 4740:Ken Conboy; Paul Hannon (1992). 3223:Jalali, Ali Ahmad (2017-03-17). 2899:Ken Conboy; Paul Hannon (1992). 1887:in July, later saving a cut-off 1752:. According to reports from the 1187:to quell an uprising started by 896:Abdul Wali ordered units of the 853:and a publication of newspaper " 571:Royal Military Academy Sandhurst 505: 490:, following the collapse of the 388: 376: 364: 33: 5051: 5026: 5002: 4977: 4953: 4929: 4905: 4881: 4857: 4818: 4779: 4707: 4668: 4643: 4618: 4594: 4570: 4549: 4525: 4487:. Brookings Institution Press. 4474: 4447: 4424: 4393: 4368: 4341: 4316: 4299: 4210: 4187: 4112: 4088: 4057: 4032: 4008: 3990: 3979: 3952: 3928: 3901: 3874: 3847: 3807: 3781: 3756: 3724: 3707: 3687:Amstutz, J. Bruce (July 1994). 3680: 3668: 3641: 3621:Tanwir, M. Halim (2013-02-22). 3614: 3587: 3544: 3530:. Brookings Institution Press. 3512: 3479: 3367: 3335: 3311: 2579:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 2395:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 1660:230th Special Purpose Battalion 1650:212th Special Purpose Battalion 1639:203rd Special Purpose Battalion 1382:-led government, being part of 1156:elements. As a further reward, 988:successfully managed to depose 4984:Yousafzai, Sami (2011-11-28). 3651:A Brief History of Afghanistan 3142: 3040: 2997: 2973: 2751:Kandahar International Airport 2719:200th Reconnaissance Battalion 2305:in 1987, reinforced by Soviet 1769:103rd Guards Airborne Division 1743:Kandahar International Airport 1109:Under the leadership of Capt. 563:Afghanistan's military history 1: 4354:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 3594:Sharma, Raghav (2016-07-15). 3229:. University Press of Kansas. 2790: 2550:, being of very poor quality. 2449:’s 8th Gendarme Brigade, and 2321:Special Purpose Battalion in 2311:103rd Guards Airborne Brigade 1834:. This task force moved into 1307:that Imauddin now resides in 1227:and any form of rebellion in 1205:1975 Panjshir Valley uprising 1078:" camouflage manufactured in 776:Afghanistan's national emblem 462:: نیروهای کماندوی افغانستان, 231:1975 Panjshir Valley uprising 4481:Riedel, Bruce (2014-07-28). 4403:Armor of the Afghanistan War 4348:Lansford, Tom (2017-02-16). 4073:. 2013-11-22. Archived from 3677:– Kabul Times Newspaper 1978 3464:. 2022-11-30. Archived from 1175:due to skirmishes along the 7: 4625:Fleiss, Alex (2024-05-01). 3959:Misdaq, Nabi (2006-04-18). 3323:content.library.arizona.edu 3186:Russia's War in Afghanistan 3010:(3 ed.). Pluto Press. 2176:, taking positions inside. 1682:: Специального назначения, 1433:Dutch Office of Prosecutors 1201:Inter-Services Intelligence 1115:Kabul International Airport 870:Displays of caricatures of 676:Under the monarchy of King 502:’s rise to power in 1996. 10: 5114: 5058:Ariana News (2021-02-19). 4375:Spike, Mike (2023-03-05). 4323:Rubin, Barnett R. (1995). 3788:Clark, Kate (2015-11-01). 3291:Urban, Mark (2016-07-27). 2953:Azimi, Nabi (2019-04-11). 2767:866th Commando Battalion ( 2749:665th Commando Battalion ( 2670:777th Commando Battalion ( 2421:In 1990, Defense Minister 2199:During the celebration of 1684:Spetsial'nogo Naznacheniya 1402:and the installation of a 308:Battle of Jalalabad (1989) 4293: 3908:Tanwir, M. Halim (2013). 3736:Christian Science Monitor 3486:Pace, Eric (1975-08-13). 3375:"Afghanistan – Camopedia" 3189:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 3062: 2786:629th Operative Battalion 2783:628th Operative Battalion 2780:627th Operative Battalion 2777:626th Operative Battalion 2774:625th Operative Battalion 1702:notably took part in the 557:Abdul Wali, becoming the 425: 401: 396: 384: 373:242nd Parachute Battalion 372: 360: 355: 339: 334: 323: 204: 185: 163: 143: 109: 87: 77: 67: 49: 41: 32: 26:نیروهای کماندوی افغانستان 23: 18: 4714:esalatorg (2016-08-07). 3402:"General Khoshhal Peroz" 3122:Arnold, Anthony (1983). 3004:Cooley, John K. (2002). 2722:201st Commando Battalion 2684:26th Airborne Regiment ( 2653:455th Commando Battalion 2629:455th Commando Battalion 2604: 2431:1990 Afghan coup attempt 1191:(then-22 years old) and 385:444th Commando Battalion 313:1990 Afghan coup attempt 298:Operation Typhoon (1989) 4454:Isby, David C. (1989). 4400:Zaloga, Steven (1995). 4292:(Farid, 2024) English: 3914:. Xlibris Corporation. 3654:. Infobase Publishing. 3627:. Xlibris Corporation. 3521:"The Afghan Communists" 2706:38th Commando Brigade ( 2634:Republic of Afghanistan 2250:Second Battle of Zhawar 2205:Second Battle of Zhawar 2201:Afghan Independence Day 2144:Second Battle of Zhawar 2020:Second Battle of Zhawar 1877:Afghan-Pakistani border 1317:Arg Presidential Palace 1311:. Additionally, Lt.Gen 1177:Afghan-Pakistani border 1130:Crown Prince Ahmad Shah 1092:1973 Afghan coup d'état 1024:Arg Presidential Palace 998:1973 Afghan coup d'etat 947:1973 Afghan coup d'état 829:, with up to 1500–3000 330:(37th Commando Brigade) 283:Second Battle of Zhawar 226:1973 Afghan coup d'état 4508:Grau & Jalali 2001 4124:www.marshallcenter.org 3519:Riedel, Bruce (2014). 2610:Kingdom of Afghanistan 2601: 2548:Kingdom of Afghanistan 2367:Soviet Airborne Forces 2051:helicopters flew from 2005:First Battle of Zhawar 1933:Kingdom of Afghanistan 1551:Soviet Airborne Forces 1418:Kerala Massacre (1979) 1414: 1321:Heckler & Koch MP5 1309:Sacramento, California 1279: 1062:Uniform specifications 1019: 849:The activities of the 814: 801: 749:Soviet Airborne Forces 739:Uniform specifications 735: 717:Soviet Airborne Forces 601: 587:1st Central Army Corps 528:1st Central Army Corps 494:and the events of the 456:Afghan Commando Forces 361:Afghan Commando Forces 278:First Battle of Zhawar 55:; 32 years ago 19:Afghan Commando Forces 4763:"Афганские коммандос" 3881:Baker, Kevin (2016). 3183:Isby, David (2013) . 2760:" Commando Regiment ( 2599: 2095:(SSG) operatives and 2093:Special Service Group 1724:Pakistan Armed Forces 1412: 1338:, regular civilians, 1277: 1237:1975 Laghman uprising 1014: 812: 799: 729: 595: 263:Tajbeg Palace assault 236:1975 Laghman uprising 5070:– via YouTube. 4726:– via YouTube. 4606:smallwarsjournal.com 4443:– via YouTube. 3693:. DIANE Publishing. 3563:10.2307/j.ctv1xx99n6 3551:Gall, Sandy (2021). 3093:Sarshok, Shir Agha. 3016:10.2307/j.ctt18fscwr 2695:" Commando Brigade ( 2587:Sher Mohammad Karimi 2297:and State Security ( 2295:Ministry of Interior 1832:Operation Panjshir 7 1800:Operation Panjshir 2 1642:(1st Central Corps, 1488:Pul-e Charkhi prison 1453:Bala Hissar uprising 1443:Bala Hissar uprising 1376:Pul-e-Charkhi prison 1328:Bala Hissar fortress 1261:President Daoud Khan 1179:, also known as the 1162:Minister of Interior 1036:Bala Hissar fortress 910:Pul-e Khishti Mosque 845:to protest against: 843:Pul-e Khishti Mosque 644:Bala Hissar Fortress 498:, lasting until the 253:Bala Hissar uprising 220:Pul-e Khishti Mosque 5093:1964 establishments 3557:. Haus Publishing. 2591:Abdul Rashid Dostum 2583:Khatool Mohammadzai 2408:Battle of Jalalabad 2303:Operation Magistral 2014:decided to destroy 2012:Ministry of Defense 1712:Operation Magistral 1692:Afghan Armed Forces 1602:Khatool Mohammadzai 1573:Soviet paratroopers 1541:, conducted by the 1535:Operation Storm-333 1507:Nur Muhammad Taraki 1501:On 8 October 1979, 1473:1979 Herat uprising 1449:1979 Herat uprising 1400:Operation Storm-333 1364:Ministry of Defense 1193:Gulbuddin Hekmetyar 1100:Mohammad Daoud Khan 1068:M1929 Telo mimetico 1040:Mohammed Daoud Khan 943:Mohammad Daoud Khan 825:to protest against 745:Mohammed Zahir Shah 743:Under the reign of 706:Tudeh Party of Iran 678:Mohammad Zahir Shah 663:Afghan Armed Forces 630:Mohammad Daoud Khan 624:and those close to 516:Afghan Armed Forces 488:Mohammad Najibullah 484:Mohammad Zahir Shah 293:Operation Magistral 4631:Rebellion Research 4020:nsarchive2.gwu.edu 3887:. Readhowyouwant. 3884:War in Afghanistan 3492:The New York Times 3347:The New York Times 3294:War in Afghanistan 2985:www.moore.army.mil 2739:) (non-divisional) 2686:Bala-e-Hissar fort 2602: 2528:Fourth-class badge 2509:Second-class badge 2488:parachutist badges 2477:Parachutist badges 2190:Jalaluddin Haqqani 2146:was regarded as a 2104:Jalaluddin Haqqani 2085:Pakistani officers 2066:Jalaluddin Haqqani 1961:Jalaluddin Haqqani 1704:Marmoul offensives 1622:Nangarhar Province 1563:Soviet-Afghan War. 1415: 1280: 1199:and the Pakistani 1189:Ahmad Shah Massoud 1020: 815: 802: 736: 602: 476:special formations 288:Marmoul offensives 126:special operations 53:28 April 1992 5038:www.ariananews.af 4494:978-0-8157-2585-5 4467:978-0-85368-769-6 4361:979-8-216-04269-3 4334:978-0-300-05963-2 4206:. 29 August 2008. 3972:978-1-135-99017-6 3921:978-1-4797-6090-9 3894:978-1-5252-0167-7 3867:978-0-231-13626-6 3700:978-0-7881-1111-2 3661:978-1-4381-0819-3 3634:978-1-4797-6092-3 3607:978-1-317-09013-7 3572:978-1-913368-22-7 3379:www.camopedia.org 3304:978-1-349-20761-9 3196:978-1-4728-0179-1 3135:978-0-8179-7792-4 3025:978-0-7453-1917-9 2966:978-1-7283-8701-7 2519:Third-class badge 2496:First-class badge 2261:, where they had 2174:Soviet–Afghan War 2089:English blowpipes 2074:Soviet Air Forces 1993:Soviet Air Forces 1708:Battles of Zhawar 1662:(2nd Army Corps, 1652:(3rd Army Corps, 1396:Interior Minister 982:Royal Afghan Army 957:, to capture the 941:, Prime Minister 902:1st Central Corps 898:Royal Afghan Army 888:Western influence 772:Royal Afghan Army 652:Royal Afghan Army 614:Royal Afghan Army 559:Royal Afghan Army 520:Royal Afghan Army 449: 448: 258:Soviet-Afghan War 138:counterinsurgency 5105: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4899: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4848: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4809: 4801: 4799: 4798: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4759: 4748: 4747: 4737: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4698: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4565: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4543: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4381:Safar Publishing 4372: 4366: 4365: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4303: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4283: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4260: 4246: 4231: 4230: 4227:RAND Corporation 4224: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4204:UK Border Agency 4201: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4173: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4106: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4026: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 3994: 3988: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3946: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3827: 3816: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3525: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3506: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3473: 3458: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3398: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3385: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3329: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3288: 3231: 3230: 3220: 3201: 3200: 3180: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3119: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3106: 3090: 3069: 3065:(E. Peroz, 2022) 3064: 3055: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2950: 2907: 2906: 2896: 2186:Pakistani border 2022:commenced. Gen. 1989:Afghan Air Force 1953:Afghan Air Force 1929:Rahmatullah Safi 1806:was held by the 1722:battalions, the 1694:, also known as 1287:, meanwhile the 1213:Afghan Air Force 1119:Arg Royal Palace 980:fortress as the 959:Arg Royal Palace 918:peaceful protest 914:Rahmatullah Safi 872:Prophet Mohammed 567:Rahmatullah Safi 496:Afghan Civil War 392: 380: 368: 350:Rahmatullah Safi 303:Afghan Civil War 199: 194: 192: 180: 179: 172: 171: 134:mountain warfare 118:airborne assault 63: 61: 56: 37: 28: 27: 16: 15: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5066: 5064: 5056: 5052: 5043: 5041: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5018: 5016: 5014:www.defense.gov 5008: 5007: 5003: 4994: 4992: 4982: 4978: 4969: 4967: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4945: 4943: 4935: 4934: 4930: 4921: 4919: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4897: 4895: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4873: 4871: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4842: 4841: 4835: 4833: 4827:"Tels Insignia" 4823: 4819: 4803: 4802: 4796: 4794: 4788:"Tels Insignia" 4784: 4780: 4771: 4769: 4761: 4760: 4751: 4738: 4731: 4722: 4720: 4712: 4708: 4692: 4691: 4685: 4683: 4677:"Tels Insignia" 4673: 4669: 4660: 4658: 4648: 4644: 4635: 4633: 4623: 4619: 4610: 4608: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4586: 4584: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4563: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4541: 4539: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4518: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4495: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4452: 4448: 4439: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4398: 4394: 4385: 4383: 4373: 4369: 4362: 4346: 4342: 4335: 4321: 4317: 4304: 4300: 4284: 4267: 4258: 4256: 4248: 4247: 4234: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4211: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4188: 4180: 4174: 4137: 4128: 4126: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4104: 4102: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4080: 4078: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4049: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4024: 4022: 4014: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3995: 3991: 3984: 3980: 3973: 3957: 3953: 3944: 3942: 3940:thediplomat.com 3934: 3933: 3929: 3922: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3879: 3875: 3868: 3852: 3848: 3839: 3837: 3829: 3828: 3819: 3812: 3808: 3799: 3797: 3786: 3782: 3773: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3748: 3746: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3685: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3646: 3642: 3635: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3592: 3588: 3573: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3523: 3517: 3513: 3504: 3502: 3484: 3480: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3420: 3411: 3409: 3400: 3399: 3392: 3383: 3381: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3359: 3357: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3327: 3325: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3305: 3289: 3234: 3221: 3204: 3197: 3181: 3168: 3159: 3157: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3136: 3120: 3113: 3104: 3102: 3091: 3072: 3068: 3045: 3041: 3026: 3002: 2998: 2989: 2987: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2967: 2959:. AuthorHouse. 2951: 2910: 2897: 2798: 2793: 2681: 2636: 2612: 2607: 2484: 2479: 2467:Shahnawaz Tanai 2423:Shahnawaz Tanai 2327:Shahnawaz Tanai 2245: 2097:Arab mujahideen 2033:Shahnawaz Tanai 2001:Shahnawaz Tanai 1967:performing the 1945:Shahnawaz Tanai 1909: 1875:and closed the 1840:Jamiat-e Islami 1812:Jamiat-e Islami 1796:Panjshir Valley 1780:Jamiat-e Islami 1698:-e-Nezami. The 1631: 1586:Shahnawaz Tanai 1529:’s tenure, the 1527:Hafizullah Amin 1503:Hafizullah Amin 1445: 1424:Kerala massacre 1420: 1388:Hafizullah Amin 1368:Saur Revolution 1360: 1313:Shahnawaz Tanai 1305:Afghan diaspora 1269:Saur Revolution 1253: 1241:Jamiat-e Islami 1203:. Although the 1185:Panjshir Valley 1088: 1064: 1016:Shahnawaz Tanai 994:Afghan monarchy 961:and for Hashem 935: 807: 741: 732:Chaman-e-Hozori 573:and the Soviet 510:The history of 508: 452: 346:Shahnawaz Tanai 341: 319: 241:Saur Revolution 213: 212: 197: 196: 190: 189: 174: 96:airborne forces 59: 57: 54: 12: 11: 5: 5111: 5101: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5074: 5073: 5050: 5025: 5001: 4976: 4952: 4928: 4904: 4880: 4856: 4817: 4778: 4749: 4729: 4706: 4667: 4650:Nasir, Abbas. 4642: 4617: 4593: 4569: 4548: 4524: 4512: 4500: 4493: 4473: 4466: 4446: 4423: 4416: 4392: 4367: 4360: 4340: 4333: 4315: 4298: 4265: 4232: 4209: 4186: 4135: 4111: 4087: 4056: 4031: 4007: 3989: 3978: 3971: 3951: 3927: 3920: 3900: 3893: 3873: 3866: 3846: 3817: 3806: 3780: 3755: 3723: 3706: 3699: 3679: 3667: 3660: 3640: 3633: 3613: 3606: 3586: 3571: 3543: 3536: 3511: 3478: 3418: 3390: 3366: 3349:. 1973-07-18. 3334: 3310: 3303: 3232: 3202: 3195: 3166: 3141: 3134: 3111: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3056: 3046: 3039: 3024: 2996: 2972: 2965: 2908: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2765: 2754: 2747: 2740: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2704: 2689: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2668: 2661: 2654: 2651: 2644: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2620: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2534: 2533: 2525: 2516: 2506: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2459:Siege of Khost 2333:, leading the 2244: 2241: 2077:surviving the 2053:Khost Airfield 1908: 1905: 1688:reconnaissance 1668: 1667: 1657: 1647: 1630: 1627: 1537:and assaulted 1444: 1441: 1419: 1416: 1359: 1356: 1336:Islamic clergy 1252: 1249: 1247:Habib Rahman. 1209:Rokha District 1138:royal gendarme 1087: 1084: 1063: 1060: 1052:Nadir Shah Kot 934: 931: 880: 879: 868: 862: 859:Vladimir Lenin 837:travelling to 819:Islamic clergy 806: 803: 740: 737: 507: 504: 450: 447: 446: 429: 423: 422: 405: 399: 398: 397:Aircraft flown 394: 393: 386: 382: 381: 374: 370: 369: 362: 358: 357: 353: 352: 343: 337: 336: 332: 331: 325: 321: 320: 318: 317: 316: 315: 310: 301: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 268:Siege of Khost 265: 256: 255: 250: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 210: 209: 208: 206: 202: 201: 187: 183: 182: 165: 161: 160: 145: 141: 140: 111: 107: 106: 100:special forces 89: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 69: 65: 64: 51: 47: 46: 43: 39: 38: 30: 29: 21: 20: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5110: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5063: 5062: 5054: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5015: 5011: 5005: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4942: 4941:allbadges.net 4938: 4932: 4918: 4917:allbadges.net 4914: 4908: 4894: 4893:allbadges.net 4890: 4884: 4870: 4869:allbadges.net 4866: 4860: 4852: 4846: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4813: 4807: 4793: 4789: 4782: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4745: 4744: 4736: 4734: 4719: 4718: 4710: 4702: 4696: 4682: 4678: 4671: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4560: 4559: 4558:Прощай, Кабул 4552: 4538: 4534: 4528: 4522:, p. 19. 4521: 4516: 4509: 4504: 4496: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4477: 4469: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4450: 4436: 4435: 4427: 4419: 4417:9789623619097 4413: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4396: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4363: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4344: 4336: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4311: 4310: 4302: 4296:(Farid, 2024) 4287: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4255: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4228: 4221: 4220: 4213: 4205: 4198: 4197: 4190: 4179: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4077:on 2013-11-22 4076: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4060: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4000: 3993: 3987: 3982: 3974: 3968: 3965:. Routledge. 3964: 3963: 3955: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3923: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3904: 3896: 3890: 3886: 3885: 3877: 3869: 3863: 3859: 3858: 3850: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3815: 3810: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3727: 3716: 3710: 3702: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3683: 3676: 3671: 3663: 3657: 3653: 3652: 3644: 3636: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3617: 3609: 3603: 3600:. Routledge. 3599: 3598: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3547: 3539: 3537:9780815725954 3533: 3529: 3522: 3515: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3482: 3468:on 2022-11-30 3467: 3463: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3395: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3306: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3228: 3227: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3198: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3155: 3154:r/afghanistan 3151: 3145: 3137: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3118: 3116: 3100: 3099:sapidadam.com 3096: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3060: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3000: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2968: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2904: 2903: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2796: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2688:) (1978–1979) 2687: 2683: 2682: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2638: 2637: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2598: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2439:Khushal Peroz 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2398: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2313:commanded by 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2217:Faiz Mohammed 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1759:in 1980, the 1758: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1686:) as well as 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1665: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1604:, one of the 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1559:Babrak Karmal 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539:Tajbeg Palace 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1459:government's 1458: 1454: 1450: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1267:, during the 1266: 1262: 1258: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1235:to quell the 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 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335:Commanders 175:"Heroes" ( 153:battalions 60:1992-04-28 4520:Isby 2013 4408:Hong Kong 3744:0882-7729 3500:0362-4331 3355:0362-4331 2427:Jalalabad 2378:Jalalabad 2307:40th Army 2178:Brigadier 1901:cap badge 1897:Bulgarian 1857:M16 rifle 1757:40th Army 1728:Jalalabad 1700:203rd SpN 1618:Jalalabad 1533:launched 1437:Rotterdam 1221:Hekmetyar 1173:Jalalabad 1028:Jalalabad 967:tribalism 827:communism 787:Frog Skin 783:Frog Skin 548:Jalalabad 427:Transport 408:Mil Mi-17 249:rebellion 247:Nuristani 50:Disbanded 45:1964–1992 4990:Newsweek 4965:TOLOnews 4845:cite web 4806:cite web 4695:cite web 4582:Refworld 4070:Newsweek 3768:NBC News 2737:Kandahar 2732:in 1983) 2730:Panjshir 2703:in 1983) 2701:Panjshir 2658:Kandahar 2561:sharply. 2447:Sarandoy 2418:forces. 2386:Kandahar 2363:Nunchaku 2317:and the 2287:Panjshir 2228:sergeant 2123:, using 2058:Pakistan 2039:towards 1991:and the 1893:Kandahar 1881:Panjshir 1869:Panjshir 1852:Panjshir 1836:Panjshir 1816:Panjshir 1776:Panjshir 1750:Kandahar 1720:Spetsnaz 1706:and the 1676:Spetsnaz 1664:Kandahar 1594:Rishkhor 1523:Rishkhor 1348:Nuristan 1259:deposed 1229:Panjshir 1225:Pakistan 1154:royalist 1117:and the 1102:, using 1076:splinter 1044:Kandahar 992:and the 861:’s birth 768:pilotkas 640:commando 468:commando 420:Mil Mi-4 416:Mil Mi-6 412:Mil Mi-8 356:Insignia 211:See list 200:Sky Blue 157:regiment 149:brigades 92:Commando 4229:. 2011. 4100:Docslib 3059:English 2764:, 1986) 2756:666th " 2471:Taliban 2365:by the 2236:company 2232:platoon 2194:amnesty 2125:sappers 2108:Haqqani 2079:barrage 2062:Haqqani 1981:Pashtun 1943:, with 1792:Parcham 1765:Russian 1680:Russian 1581:Soviets 1557:leader 1384:Parcham 1340:Maoists 1319:with a 1245:Mawlawi 1233:Laghman 1217:Massoud 922:mullahs 876:leftist 855:Parcham 831:mullahs 600:in 1967 500:Taliban 478:of the 460:Persian 340:Notable 222:protest 68:Country 58: ( 4491: 4464: 4414: 4358: 4331: 3969: 3918: 3891: 3864: 3742: 3697: 3658: 3631: 3604: 3579: 3569: 3534: 3498: 3353: 3301: 3193: 3132: 3032: 3022: 2963: 2762:Paktia 2708:Parwan 2691:37th " 2672:Paktia 2567:Type 3 2556:Type 2 2542:Type 1 2349:and a 2331:Gardez 2323:Gardez 2279:Ryazan 2267:BTR-70 2263:BTR-60 2254:French 2209:Zhawar 2170:Zhawar 2137:Zhawar 2133:Zhawar 2121:Zhawar 2112:Zhawar 2041:Zhawar 2037:Gardez 2029:Baloch 2016:Zhawar 1973:Zhawar 1955:. 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